{ "Introduction": { "Background": { "text": "

Guinea's deep Muslim heritage arrived via the neighboring Almoravid Empire in the 11th century. Following Almoravid decline, Guinea existed on the fringe of several African kingdoms, all competing for regional dominance. In the 13th century, the Mali Empire took control of Guinea, encouraging its already growing Muslim faith. After the fall of the West African empires, various smaller kingdoms controlled Guinea. In the 18th century, Fulani Muslims established an Islamic state in central Guinea that represents one of the earliest examples of a written constitution and alternating leadership. While European traders first arrived in the 16th century, it was the French who secured colonial rule in the 19th century.

In 1958, Guinea achieved independence from France. Sekou TOURE became Guinea’s first post-independence president; he established a dictatorial regime and ruled until his death in 1984, after which General Lansana CONTE staged a coup and seized the government. He too established an authoritarian regime and manipulated presidential elections until his death in December 2008, when Captain Moussa Dadis CAMARA led a military coup, seized power, and suspended the constitution. In September 2009, presidential guards opened fire on an opposition rally, killing more than 150 people in Conakry, the capital. In early December 2009, CAMARA was wounded in an assassination attempt and exiled to Burkina Faso. In 2010 and 2013 respectively, the country held its first free and fair presidential and legislative elections. Alpha CONDE won the 2010 and 2015 presidential elections. CONDE's first cabinet was the first all-civilian government in Guinean history. In March 2020, Guinea passed a new constitution in a national referendum that changed presidential term limit rules. CONDE argued that, given this change, he was allowed to run for a third term, which he then won in October 2020. On 5 September 2021, Col Mamady DOUMBOUYA led special forces troops in a successful military coup, ousting and detaining CONDE and establishing the National Committee for Reconciliation and Development (CNRD). DOUMBOUYA and the CNRD suspended the constitution and dissolved the government and the legislature. DOUMBOUYA was sworn in as transition president on 1 October 2021, and appointed Mohamed BEAVOGUI as transition prime minister a week later. BEAVOGUI subsequently formed a largely technocratic cabinet. The National Transition Council (CNT), which acts as the legislative body for the transition, was formed on 22 January 2022. The 81-member CNT is led by Dr. Dansa KOUROUMA and consists of appointed members representing a broad swath of Guinean society.

 



" } }, "Geography": { "Location": { "text": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone" }, "Geographic coordinates": { "text": "11 00 N, 10 00 W" }, "Map references": { "text": "Africa" }, "Area": { "total": { "text": "245,857 sq km" }, "land": { "text": "245,717 sq km" }, "water": { "text": "140 sq km" } }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Oregon; slightly larger than twice the size of Pennsylvania" }, "Land boundaries": { "total": { "text": "4,046 km" }, "border countries": { "text": "Cote d'Ivoire 816 km; Guinea-Bissau 421 km; Liberia 590 km; Mali 1062 km; Senegal 363 km; Sierra Leone 794 km" } }, "Coastline": { "text": "320 km" }, "Maritime claims": { "territorial sea": { "text": "12 nm" }, "exclusive economic zone": { "text": "200 nm" } }, "Climate": { "text": "generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds" }, "Terrain": { "text": "generally flat coastal plain, hilly to mountainous interior" }, "Elevation": { "highest point": { "text": "Mont Nimba 1,752 m" }, "lowest point": { "text": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m" }, "mean elevation": { "text": "472 m" } }, "Natural resources": { "text": "bauxite, iron ore, diamonds, gold, uranium, hydropower, fish, salt" }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { "text": "58.1% (2018 est.)" }, "agricultural land: arable land": { "text": "arable land: 11.8% (2018 est.)" }, "agricultural land: permanent crops": { "text": "permanent crops: 2.8% (2018 est.)" }, "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { "text": "permanent pasture: 43.5% (2018 est.)" }, "forest": { "text": "26.5% (2018 est.)" }, "other": { "text": "15.4% (2018 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { "text": "950 sq km (2012)" }, "Major rivers (by length in km)": { "text": "Niger river source (shared with Mali, and Nigeria [m]) - 4,200 km; Gambia river source (shared with Senegal and The Gambia [m]) - 1,094 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth" }, "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km), Senegal (456,397 sq km)" }, "Population distribution": { "text": "areas of highest density are in the west and south; interior is sparsely populated as shown in this population distribution map" }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season" }, "Geography - note": { "text": "the Niger and its important tributary the Milo River have their sources in the Guinean highlands" } }, "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "13,607,249 (2023 est.)" }, "Nationality": { "noun": { "text": "Guinean(s)" }, "adjective": { "text": "Guinean" } }, "Ethnic groups": { "text": "Fulani (Peuhl) 33.4%, Malinke 29.4%, Susu 21.2%, Guerze 7.8%, Kissi 6.2%, Toma 1.6%, other/foreign 0.4% (2018 est.)" }, "Languages": { "text": "French (official), Pular, Maninka, Susu, other native languages", "note": "note: about 40 languages are spoken; each ethnic group has its own language" }, "Religions": { "text": "Muslim 89.1%, Christian 6.8%, animist 1.6%, other 0.1%, none 2.4% (2014 est.)" }, "Demographic profile": { "text": "

Guinea’s strong population growth is a result of declining mortality rates and sustained elevated fertility. The population growth rate was somewhat tempered in the 2000s because of a period of net outmigration. Although life expectancy and mortality rates have improved over the last two decades, the nearly universal practice of female genital cutting continues to contribute to high infant and maternal mortality rates. Guinea’s total fertility remains high at about 5 children per woman as of 2022 because of the ongoing preference for larger families, low contraceptive usage and availability, a lack of educational attainment and empowerment among women, and poverty. A lack of literacy and vocational training programs limit job prospects for youths, but even those with university degrees often have no option but to work in the informal sector. About 60% of the country’s large youth population is unemployed.

Tensions and refugees have spilled over Guinea’s borders with Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Cote d’Ivoire. During the 1990s Guinea harbored as many as half a million refugees from Sierra Leone and Liberia, more refugees than any other African country for much of that decade. About half sought refuge in the volatile \"Parrot’s Beak\" region of southwest Guinea, a wedge of land jutting into Sierra Leone near the Liberian border. Many were relocated within Guinea in the early 2000s because the area suffered repeated cross-border attacks from various government and rebel forces, as well as anti-refugee violence.

" }, "Age structure": { "0-14 years": { "text": "40.96% (male 2,809,865/female 2,763,294)" }, "15-64 years": { "text": "55.05% (male 3,741,047/female 3,749,281)" }, "65 years and over": { "text": "4% (2023 est.) (male 245,323/female 298,439)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { "total dependency ratio": { "text": "82.4" }, "youth dependency ratio": { "text": "76.3" }, "elderly dependency ratio": { "text": "6.1" }, "potential support ratio": { "text": "16.3 (2021 est.)" } }, "Median age": { "total": { "text": "19.1 years" }, "male": { "text": "18.9 years" }, "female": { "text": "19.4 years (2020 est.)" } }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.75% (2023 est.)" }, "Birth rate": { "text": "35.47 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)" }, "Death rate": { "text": "7.97 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)" }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)" }, "Population distribution": { "text": "areas of highest density are in the west and south; interior is sparsely populated as shown in this population distribution map" }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "38.1% of total population (2023)" }, "rate of urbanization": { "text": "3.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, "Major urban areas - population": { "text": "2.111 million CONAKRY (capital) (2023)" }, "Sex ratio": { "at birth": { "text": "1.03 male(s)/female" }, "0-14 years": { "text": "1.02 male(s)/female" }, "15-64 years": { "text": "1 male(s)/female" }, "65 years and over": { "text": "0.82 male(s)/female" }, "total population": { "text": "1 male(s)/female (2023 est.)" } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { "text": "19.9 years (2018 est.)", "note": "note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "553 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, "Infant mortality rate": { "total": { "text": "48.32 deaths/1,000 live births" }, "male": { "text": "52.98 deaths/1,000 live births" }, "female": { "text": "43.51 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est.)" } }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { "text": "64.27 years" }, "male": { "text": "62.38 years" }, "female": { "text": "66.21 years (2023 est.)" } }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "4.82 children born/woman (2023 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { "text": "2.37 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "10.9% (2018)" }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 99.5% of population" }, "improved: rural": { "text": "rural: 76.9% of population" }, "improved: total": { "text": "total: 85.2% of population" }, "unimproved: urban": { "text": "urban: 0.5% of population" }, "unimproved: rural": { "text": "rural: 23.1% of population" }, "unimproved: total": { "text": "total: 14.8% of population (2020 est.)" } }, "Current health expenditure": { "text": "4% of GDP (2020)" }, "Physicians density": { "text": "0.23 physicians/1,000 population (2018)" }, "Hospital bed density": { "text": "0.3 beds/1,000 population (2011)" }, "Sanitation facility access": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 90.9% of population" }, "improved: rural": { "text": "rural: 38.7% of population" }, "improved: total": { "text": "total: 58% of population" }, "unimproved: urban": { "text": "urban: 9.1% of population" }, "unimproved: rural": { "text": "rural: 61.3% of population" }, "unimproved: total": { "text": "total: 42% of population (2020 est.)" } }, "Major infectious diseases": { "degree of risk": { "text": "very high (2023)" }, "food or waterborne diseases": { "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, "vectorborne diseases": { "text": "malaria and dengue fever" }, "water contact diseases": { "text": "schistosomiasis" }, "animal contact diseases": { "text": "rabies" }, "aerosolized dust or soil contact diseases": { "text": "Lassa fever (2016)" } }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "7.7% (2016)" }, "Alcohol consumption per capita": { "total": { "text": "0.33 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" }, "beer": { "text": "0.29 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" }, "wine": { "text": "0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" }, "spirits": { "text": "0.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" }, "other alcohols": { "text": "0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" } }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "16.3% (2018)" }, "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { "text": "68.7% (2023 est.)" }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "17%" }, "women married by age 18": { "text": "46.5%" }, "men married by age 18": { "text": "1.9% (2018 est.)" } }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.2% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { "text": "age 15 and over can read and write" }, "total population": { "text": "45.3%" }, "male": { "text": "61.2%" }, "female": { "text": "31.3% (2021)" } }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { "text": "9 years" }, "male": { "text": "10 years" }, "female": { "text": "8 years (2014)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { "text": "8.2%" }, "male": { "text": "7%" }, "female": { "text": "9.2% (2021 est.)" } } }, "Environment": { "Environment - current issues": { "text": "deforestation; inadequate potable water; desertification; soil contamination and erosion; overfishing, overpopulation in forest region; poor mining practices lead to environmental damage; water pollution; improper waste disposal" }, "Environment - international agreements": { "party to": { "text": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling" }, "signed, but not ratified": { "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, "Climate": { "text": "generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds" }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { "text": "58.1% (2018 est.)" }, "agricultural land: arable land": { "text": "arable land: 11.8% (2018 est.)" }, "agricultural land: permanent crops": { "text": "permanent crops: 2.8% (2018 est.)" }, "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { "text": "permanent pasture: 43.5% (2018 est.)" }, "forest": { "text": "26.5% (2018 est.)" }, "other": { "text": "15.4% (2018 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "38.1% of total population (2023)" }, "rate of urbanization": { "text": "3.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, "Food insecurity": { "severe localized food insecurity": { "text": "due to reduced incomes - levels of acute food insecurity are expected to increase in 2023; food prices are likely to remain at high levels, supported by the unfolding effects of the war in Ukraine on international trade; nearly 710,000 people are projected to be acutely food insecure during the June to August 2023 lean season, an improvement compared to 2022 when about 1.22 million people were estimated to face acute food insecurity; acute food insecurity is mainly driven by high food prices (2023)" } }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "4.81% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Air pollutants": { "particulate matter emissions": { "text": "22.43 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" }, "carbon dioxide emissions": { "text": "3 megatons (2016 est.)" }, "methane emissions": { "text": "11.13 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "596,911 tons (1996 est.)" }, "municipal solid waste recycled annually": { "text": "29,846 tons (2005 est.)" }, "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": { "text": "5% (2005 est.)" } }, "Major rivers (by length in km)": { "text": "Niger river source (shared with Mali, and Nigeria [m]) - 4,200 km; Gambia river source (shared with Senegal and The Gambia [m]) - 1,094 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth" }, "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km), Senegal (456,397 sq km)" }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { "text": "230 million cubic meters (2020 est.)" }, "industrial": { "text": "60 million cubic meters (2020 est.)" }, "agricultural": { "text": "600 million cubic meters (2020 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { "text": "226 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)" } }, "Government": { "Country name": { "conventional long form": { "text": "Republic of Guinea" }, "conventional short form": { "text": "Guinea" }, "local long form": { "text": "Republique de Guinee" }, "local short form": { "text": "Guinee" }, "former": { "text": "French Guinea" }, "etymology": { "text": "the country is named after the Guinea region of West Africa that lies along the Gulf of Guinea and stretches north to the Sahel" } }, "Government type": { "text": "presidential republic" }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Conakry" }, "geographic coordinates": { "text": "9 30 N, 13 42 W" }, "time difference": { "text": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, "etymology": { "text": "according to tradition, the name derives from the fusion of the name Cona, a Baga wine and cheese producer who lived on Tombo Island (the original site of the present-day capital), and the word nakiri, which in Susu means \"the other bank\" or \"the other side\"; supposedly, Baga's palm grove produced the best wine on the island and people traveling to sample his vintage, would say: \"I am going to Cona, on the other bank (Cona-nakiri),\" which over time became Conakry" } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "7 regions administrative (administrative regions) and 1 gouvenorat (governorate)*; Boke, Conakry*, Faranah, Kankan, Kindia, Labe, Mamou, N'Zerekore" }, "Independence": { "text": "2 October 1958 (from France)" }, "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 2 October (1958)" }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1958, 1990; latest 2010, which was suspended on 5 September 2021 via a coup d’etat; on 27 September, the Transitional Charter was released, which supersedes the constitution until a new constitution is promulgated" }, "amendments": { "text": "proposed by the National Assembly or by the president of the republic; consideration of proposals requires approval by simple majority vote by the Assembly; passage requires approval in referendum; the president can opt to submit amendments directly to the Assembly, in which case approval requires at least two-thirds majority vote; revised in 2020" } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system based on the French model" }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, "Citizenship": { "citizenship by birth": { "text": "no" }, "citizenship by descent only": { "text": "at least one parent must be a citizen of Guinea" }, "dual citizenship recognized": { "text": "no" }, "residency requirement for naturalization": { "text": "na" } }, "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA (since 1 October 2021); note - on 5 September 2021, Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA led a military coup in which President CONDE was arrested and detained, the constitution suspended, and the government and People's National Assembly dissolved; on 1 October 2021, DOUMBOUYA was sworn in as transitional president" }, "head of government": { "text": "Prime Minister Bernard GOMOU (since 20 August 2022); note - GOMOU had been acting prime minister since 16 July 2022 replacing Mohamed BEAVOGUI who stepped down due to health reasons" }, "cabinet": { "text": "formerly, the Council of Ministers appointed by the president; note - the 5 September 2021 military coup arrested and detained the president, suspended the constitution, and dissolved the government and legislature" }, "elections/appointments": { "text": "formerly, the president was directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term) and the prime minister appointed by the president; election last held on 18 October 2020; note - a new election time table has not been announced by the transitional government" }, "election results": { "text": "

2020: Alpha CONDE reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Alpha CONDE (RPG) 59.5%, Cellou Dalein DIALLO (UFDG) 33.5%, other 7%; note - following the military coup of 5 September 2021, coup leader Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA was sworn in as transitional president on 1 October 2021

2015: Alpha CONDE reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Alpha CONDE (RPG) 57.8%, Cellou Dalein DIALLO (UFDG) 31.4%, other 10.8%

" } }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { "text": "formerly the People's National Assembly;  note - on 5 September 2021, Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA led a military coup in which President CONDE was arrested and detained, the constitution suspended, and the government and People's National Assembly dissolved; on 22 January 2022, an 81-member Transitional National Council was installed" }, "elections": { "text": "81 members to the Transitional National Council were appointed by the transitional president Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA on 22 January 2022; elections for a permanent legislature had not been announced as of late January 2022" }, "election results": { "text": "81 members of the National Transitional Council appointed on 22 January 2022 by the transitional president; the members represent all of the country's socio-professional organizations and political parties" } }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (organized into Administrative Chamber and Civil, Penal, and Social Chamber; court consists of the first president, 2 chamber presidents, 10 councilors, the solicitor general, and NA deputies); Constitutional Court - suspended on 5 September 2021" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Supreme Court first president appointed by the national president after consultation with the National Assembly; other members appointed by presidential decree; members serve 9-year terms until age 65" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; High Court of Justice or Cour d'Assises; Court of Account (Court of Auditors); Courts of First Instance (Tribunal de Premiere Instance); labor court; military tribunal; justices of the peace; specialized courts" } }, "Political parties and leaders": { "text": "African Congress for Democracy and Renewal or CADRE [Daniel KOLIE]
Alliance for National Renewal or ARN [Pepe Koulemou KOULEMOU]
Alliance for National Renewal or ARENA [Sekou Koureissy CONDE]
Bloc Liberal or BL [Faya MILLIMONO]
Citizen Generation or GECI [Mohamed SOUMAH]
Citizen Party for the Defense of Collective Interests or PCDIC [Hamidou BARRY]
Democratic Alliance for Renewal or ADR [Alpha Oumar Taran DIALLO]
Democratic National Movement or MND [Ousmane DORE]
Democratic Union for Renewal and Progress or UDRP [Edouard Zoutomou KPOGHOMOU]
Democratic Union of Guinea or UDG [Mamadou SYLLA]
Democratic People's Movement of Guinea or MPDG [Siaka BARRY]
Democratic Workers' Party of Guinea or PDTG [Talibi Dos CAMARA]
Front for the National Alliance or FAN [Makale CAMARA]
Generation for Reconciliation Union and Prosperity or GRUP [Papa Koly KOUROUMA]
Guinea for Democracy and Balance or GDE [Aboubacar SOUMAH]
Guinean Party for Peaceful Coexistence and Development or PGCD [Nene Moussa Maleya CAMARA]
Guinean Party for Solidarity and Democracy or PGSD [Elie KAMANO]
Guinean Union for Democracy and Development or UGDD [Francis HABA]
Guinean Rally for Development or RGD [Abdoul Kabele CAMARA]
Guinean Rally for Unity and Development or RGUD [Abraham BOURE]
Guinean Renaissance Party or PGR [Ibrahima Sory CONDE]
Modern Guinea [Thierno Yaya DIALLO]
Movement for Solidarity and Development or MSD [Abdoulaye DIALLO]
National Committee for Reconciliation and Development [Colonel Mamady DOUMBOUYA]
National Front for Development or FND [Alhousseine Makanera KAKE]
National Union for Prosperity or UNP [Alpha Mady SOUMAH]
National Party for Hope and Development or PEDN [Lansana KOUYATE]
New Democratic Forces or NFD [Mouctar DIALLO]
New Generation for the Republic or NGR [Abbe SYLLA]
New Guinea or NG [Mohamed CISSE]
New Political Generation or NGP [Badra KONE]
Party for Progress and Change or PPC [Aboubacar Biro SOUMAH]
Party of Citizen Action through Labor or PACT [Makale TRAORE]
Party of Democrats for Hope or PADES [Ousmane KABA]
Party of Freedom and Progress or PLP [Laye Souleymane DIALLO]
Party of Hope for National Development or PEDN [Lansana KOUYATE]
Rally for Renaissance and Development or RRD [Abdoulaye KOUROUMA]
Rally for the Guinean People or RPG [vacant]
Rally for the Integrated Development of Guinea or RDIG [Jean Marc TELIANO]
Rally for the Republic or RPR [Diabaty DORE]
Union for Progress and Renewal or UPR [Ousmane BAH]
Union for the Defense of Republican Interests or UDIR [Bouya KONATE]
Union for the Progress of Guinea or UPG [Jacques GBONIMY]
Union of Democratic Forces or UFD [Mamadou Baadiko BAH]
Union of Democratic Forces of Guinea or UFDG [Cellou Dalein DIALLO]
Union of Democrats for the Renaissance of Guinea or UDRG [Amadou Oury BAH]
Union of Republican Forces or UFR [Sidya TOURE]
Unity and Progress Party or PUP [Fode BANGOURA]", "note": "

\n

\n

" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ACP, AfDB, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { "text": "Ambassador Fatoumata KABA (since 19 April 2023) 

 

" }, "chancery": { "text": "2112 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008" }, "telephone": { "text": "[1] (202) 986-4300" }, "FAX": { "text": "[1] (202) 986-3800" }, "email address and website": { "text": "
http://guineaembassyusa.org/en/welcome-to-the-embassy-of-guinea-washington-usa/" } }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { "text": "Ambassador Troy FITRELL (since January 2022) " }, "embassy": { "text": "Transversale No. 2, Centre Administratif de Koloma, Commune de Ratoma, Conakry" }, "mailing address": { "text": "2110 Conakry Place, Washington DC  20521-2110" }, "telephone": { "text": "[224] 65-10-40-00" }, "FAX": { "text": "[224] 65-10-42-97" }, "email address and website": { "text": "
ConakryACS@state.gov

https://gn.usembassy.gov/" } }, "Flag description": { "text": "three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and green; red represents the people's sacrifice for liberation and work; yellow stands for the sun, for the riches of the earth, and for justice; green symbolizes the country's vegetation and unity", "note": "note: uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia; the colors from left to right are the reverse of those on the flags of neighboring Mali and Senegal" }, "National symbol(s)": { "text": "elephant; national colors: red, yellow, green" }, "National anthem": { "name": { "text": "\"Liberte\" (Liberty)" }, "lyrics/music": { "text": "unknown/Fodeba KEITA" }, "note": "note: adopted 1958" }, "National heritage": { "total World Heritage Sites": { "text": "1 (natural)" }, "selected World Heritage Site locales": { "text": "Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve" } } }, "Economy": { "Economic overview": { "text": "growing but primarily agrarian West African economy; major mining sector; improving fiscal and debt balances prior to COVID-19; economy increasingly vulnerable to climate change; slow infrastructure improvements; gender wealth and human capital gaps" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { "text": "$35.729 billion (2021 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { "text": "$34.388 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$32.775 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { "text": "3.9% (2021 est.)" }, "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { "text": "4.92% (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "5.62% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2021": { "text": "$2,600 (2021 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$2,600 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$2,500 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$13.55 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { "text": "12.6% (2021 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { "text": "10.6% (2020 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "9.47% (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "19.8% (2017 est.)" }, "industry": { "text": "32.1% (2017 est.)" }, "services": { "text": "48.1% (2017 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "80.8% (2017 est.)" }, "government consumption": { "text": "6.6% (2017 est.)" }, "investment in fixed capital": { "text": "9.1% (2017 est.)" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "18.5% (2017 est.)" }, "exports of goods and services": { "text": "21.9% (2017 est.)" }, "imports of goods and services": { "text": "-36.9% (2017 est.)" } }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "rice, cassava, groundnuts, maize, oil palm fruit, fonio, plantains, sugar cane, sweet potatoes, vegetables" }, "Industries": { "text": "bauxite, gold, diamonds, iron ore; light manufacturing, agricultural processing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { "text": "3.9% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "4.89 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { "text": "76%" }, "industry": { "text": "24% (2006 est.)" } }, "Unemployment rate": { "Unemployment rate 2021": { "text": "6.34% (2021 est.)" }, "Unemployment rate 2020": { "text": "6.1% (2020 est.)" }, "Unemployment rate 2019": { "text": "5.02% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { "text": "8.2%" }, "male": { "text": "7%" }, "female": { "text": "9.2% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "43.7% (2018 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { "text": "29.6 (2018 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { "lowest 10%": { "text": "2.7%" }, "highest 10%": { "text": "30.3% (2007)" } }, "Budget": { "revenues": { "text": "$1.949 billion (2019 est.)" }, "expenditures": { "text": "$2.014 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-0.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "37.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt 2016": { "text": "41.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { "text": "16.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { "Current account balance 2021": { "text": "$4.639 billion (2021 est.)" }, "Current account balance 2020": { "text": "$2.685 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Current account balance 2019": { "text": "-$314.62 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { "Exports 2021": { "text": "$10.266 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2020": { "text": "$8.996 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { "text": "$4.041 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "United Arab Emirates 39%, China 36%, India 6% (2019)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "gold, aluminum ores and oxide, iron ores, cocoa beans, cashews, frozen fish (2021)" }, "Imports": { "Imports 2021": { "text": "$5.353 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2020": { "text": "$6.314 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { "text": "$4.32 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { "text": "China 39%, India 8%, Netherlands 6%, Belgium 5%, United Arab Emirates 5% (2019)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "rice, refined petroleum, packaged medicines, delivery trucks, cars (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { "text": "$1.499 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { "text": "$1.379 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2018": { "text": "$1.242 billion (31 December 2018 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { "Debt - external 31 December 2017": { "text": "$1.458 billion (31 December 2017 est.)" }, "Debt - external 31 December 2016": { "text": "$1.462 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" } }, "Exchange rates": { "Currency": { "text": "Guinean francs (GNF) per US dollar -" }, "Exchange rates 2020": { "text": "9,565.082 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { "text": "9,183.876 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { "text": "9,011.134 (2018 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2017": { "text": "9,088.319 (2017 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2016": { "text": "8,967.927 (2016 est.)" } } }, "Energy": { "Electricity access": { "population without electricity": { "text": "(2020) 7 million" }, "electrification - total population": { "text": "46.8% (2021)" }, "electrification - urban areas": { "text": "89.8% (2021)" }, "electrification - rural areas": { "text": "21.2% (2021)" } }, "Electricity": { "installed generating capacity": { "text": "992,000 kW (2020 est.)" }, "consumption": { "text": "1.781 billion kWh (2019 est.)" }, "exports": { "text": "0 kWh (2019 est.)" }, "imports": { "text": "0 kWh (2019 est.)" }, "transmission/distribution losses": { "text": "280 million kWh (2019 est.)" } }, "Electricity generation sources": { "fossil fuels": { "text": "22.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" }, "nuclear": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" }, "solar": { "text": "0.7% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" }, "wind": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" }, "hydroelectricity": { "text": "77.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" }, "tide and wave": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" }, "geothermal": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" }, "biomass and waste": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "0 metric tons (2020 est.)" }, "consumption": { "text": "0 metric tons (2020 est.)" }, "exports": { "text": "0 metric tons (2020 est.)" }, "imports": { "text": "0 metric tons (2020 est.)" }, "proven reserves": { "text": "0 metric tons (2019 est.)" } }, "Petroleum": { "total petroleum production": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2021 est.)" }, "refined petroleum consumption": { "text": "19,800 bbl/day (2019 est.)" }, "crude oil and lease condensate exports": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2018 est.)" }, "crude oil and lease condensate imports": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2018 est.)" }, "crude oil estimated reserves": { "text": "0 barrels (2021 est.)" } }, "Refined petroleum products - production": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2017 est.)" }, "Refined petroleum products - exports": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)" }, "Refined petroleum products - imports": { "text": "18,460 bbl/day (2015 est.)" }, "Natural gas": { "production": { "text": "0 cubic meters (2021 est.)" }, "consumption": { "text": "0 cubic meters (2021 est.)" }, "exports": { "text": "0 cubic meters (2021 est.)" }, "imports": { "text": "0 cubic meters (2021 est.)" }, "proven reserves": { "text": "0 cubic meters (2021 est.)" } }, "Carbon dioxide emissions": { "total emissions": { "text": "2.981 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)" }, "from coal and metallurgical coke": { "text": "0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)" }, "from petroleum and other liquids": { "text": "2.981 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)" }, "from consumed natural gas": { "text": "0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)" } }, "Energy consumption per capita": { "Total energy consumption per capita 2019": { "text": "4.133 million Btu/person (2019 est.)" } } }, "Communications": { "Telephones - fixed lines": { "total subscriptions": { "text": "0 (2018 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { "text": "0 (2018 est.)" } }, "Telephones - mobile cellular": { "total subscriptions": { "text": "13.795 million (2020 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { "text": "105 (2020 est.)" } }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { "text": "the number of mobile subscribers grew strongly while revenue also increased steadily; fixed broadband services are still very limited and expensive, though there have been some positive developments in recent years; the landing of the first international submarine cable in 2012, and the setting up of an IXP in mid-2013, increased the bandwidth available to the ISPs, and helped reduce the cost of internet services for end-users; a National Backbone Network was completed in mid-2020, connecting administrative centers across the country; almost all internet connections are made via mobile networks; GSM services account for a dwindling proportion of connections, in line with the greater reach of services based on 3G and LTE (2022)" }, "domestic": { "text": "fixed-line teledensity is less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership is just over 105 per 100 persons (2020)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 224; ACE submarine cable connecting Guinea with 20 landing points in Western and South Africa and Europe; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean (2019)" } }, "Broadcast media": { "text": "

Government maintains marginal control over broadcast media; single state-run TV station; state-run radio broadcast station also operates several stations in rural areas; a dozen private television stations; a steadily increasing number of privately owned radio stations, nearly all in Conakry, and about a dozen community radio stations; foreign TV programming available via satellite and cable subscription services 

(2022)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".gn" }, "Internet users": { "total": { "text": "4.9 million (2021 est.)" }, "percent of population": { "text": "35% (2021 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { "text": "1,000 (2020 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { "text": "0.01 (2020 est.)" } } }, "Transportation": { "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": { "text": "3X" }, "Airports": { "text": "16 (2021)" }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "text": "4", "note": "note: paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)" }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "text": "12", "note": "note: unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control" }, "Railways": { "total": { "text": "1,086 km (2017)" }, "standard gauge": { "text": "279 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge" }, "narrow gauge": { "text": "807 km (2017) 1.000-m gauge" } }, "Roadways": { "total": { "text": "44,301 km (2018)" }, "paved": { "text": "3,346 km (2018)" }, "unpaved": { "text": "40,955 km (2018)" } }, "Waterways": { "text": "1,300 km (2011) (navigable by shallow-draft native craft in the northern part of the Niger River system)" }, "Merchant marine": { "total": { "text": "3" }, "by type": { "text": "general cargo 1, other 2 (2022)" } }, "Ports and terminals": { "major seaport(s)": { "text": "Conakry, Kamsar" } } }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { "text": "National Armed Forces: Army, Guinean Navy (Armee de Mer or Marine Guineenne), Guinean Air Force (Force Aerienne de Guinee), Presidential Security Battalion (Battailon Autonome de la Sécurité Presidentielle, BASP), Gendarmerie (2023)", "note": "note: the National Gendarmerie is overseen by the Ministry of Defense, while the National Police is under the Ministry of Security; the Gendarmerie and National Police share responsibility for internal security, but only the Gendarmerie can arrest police or military officials" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2022": { "text": "1.8% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2021": { "text": "1.5% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { "text": "1.4% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.6% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { "text": "1.8% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { "text": "approximately 12,000 active personnel (9,000 Army; 400 Navy; 800 Air Force; 300 BASP; 1,500 Gendarmerie) (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the inventory of the Guinean military consists largely of aging and outdated (mostly Soviet-era) equipment; in recent years, it has received small amounts of equipment from China, France, and South Africa (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "Voluntary and selective conscripted service, 9-24 mos (2022)" }, "Military deployments": { "text": "670 Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "the Guinean military is a small and lightly armed force that is responsible for external defense, but also has some domestic security responsibilities and has historically been involved in suppressing public protests; the military has undergone some attempts at reform since 2010, but in 2021 the Army’s special forces led a successful coup; the Army has a mix of approximately 10 infantry, light armor, commando, and special forces battalions, as well as a presidential guard force; piracy and natural resource protection in the Gulf of Guinea are key areas of concern for the small Navy, which possesses only a few patrol boats; the Air Force has a handful of serviceable aircraft, including helicopter gunships (2023)" }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reported no incidents in the territorial and offshore waters of Guinea in 2022; the offshore waters of the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; past incidents have been reported where vessels were attacked and crews kidnapped; these incidents showed that the pirates / robbers in the area are well armed and violent; pirates have robbed vessels and kidnapped crews for ransom; in the past, product tankers were hijacked and cargo stolen; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2023-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 3 January 2023, which states in part, \"Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea\"" } }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { "text": "

Sierra Leone considers Guinea's definition of the flood plain limits to define the left bank boundary of the Makona and Moa Rivers excessive and protests Guinea's continued occupation of these lands, including the hamlet of Yenga, occupied since 1998

" }, "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — Guinea does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; the government initiated more investigations, identified and referred more victims to services, and issued an emergency anti-trafficking national action plan (NAP) to supplement the 2020-2022 NAP; officials established a hotline and allocated resources to the anti-trafficking committee; however, the government did not demonstrate overall increased efforts compared to the last year; substantial personnel turnover related to the September 2021 coup d’état hindered anti-trafficking efforts; no data was provided on prosecution of trafficking cases, and while more traffickers were convicted than previously, their sentences did not serve to deter the crime; fines in lieu of imprisonment for sex trafficking remain in the penal code; shelter services for victims remained insufficient, and NGO’s providing victim services did not receive government support; Quranic teachers have not been prosecuted for allegedly forcing child begging; Guinea was granted a waiver per the TVPA from an otherwise required downgraded to Tier 3, therefore Guinea remained on the Tier 2 Watch List for the third consecutive year (2022)" }, "trafficking profile": { "text": "human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Guinea and Guineans abroad; Guinea is a source, transit, and, to a lesser extent, a destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; vulnerable populations include adults and children working in the informal labor sector, homeless and orphaned children, artisanal miners, children and adults with albinism, and the mentally ill; Guinean women and girls are subjected to domestic servitude and commercial sexual exploitation, while boys are forced to beg, work as street vendors and shoe shiners, or work in mining, herding, fishing, and agriculture; North Koreans working in mining, construction, fishing, and health sectors and Cuban medical professionals working in Guinea may have been forced to work by their respective governments, while Chinese women are reportedly forced into prostitution in Guinea; Guinean women and girls have been exploited in domestic service and sex trafficking in West Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and the United States (2022)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "NA" } } }