{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "<p>Guam was settled by Austronesian people around 1500 B.C. These people became the indigenous Chamorro and were influenced by later migrations, including the Micronesians in the first millennium A.D., and island Southeast Asians around 900. Society was stratified, with higher classes living along the coast and lower classes living inland. Spanish explorer Ferdinand MAGELLAN was the first European to see Guam in 1521, and Spain claimed the island in 1565 because it served as a refueling stop for ships between Mexico and the Philippines. Spain formally colonized Guam in 1668. Spain’s brutal repression of the Chamorro, along with new diseases and intermittent warfare, reduced the indigenous population from more than 100,000 to less than 5,000 by the 1700s. Spain tried to repopulate the island by forcing people from nearby islands to settle on Guam and preventing them from escaping.<br><br>Guam became a hub for whalers and traders in the western Pacific in the early 1800s. During the 1898 Spanish-American War, the US Navy occupied Guam and set up a military administration. The US Navy opposed local control of government despite repeated petitions from the Chamorro. Japan invaded Guam in 1941 and instituted a repressive regime. During the US recapture of Guam in 1944, the island’s two largest villages were destroyed. After World War II, political pressure from local Chamorro leaders led to Guam being established as an unincorporated organized US territory in 1950, with US citizenship granted to all Chamorro. In a referendum in 1982, more than 75% of voters chose closer relations with the US over independence, although no change in status was made because of disagreements on the future right of Chamorro self-determination. The US military holds about 29% of Guam’s land and stations several thousand troops on the island. The installations are some of the most strategically important US bases in the Pacific; they also constitute the island’s most important source of income and economic stability.</p>"
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "Oceania, island in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "13 28 N, 144 47 E"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "Oceania"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total ": {
        "text": "544 sq km"
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "544 sq km"
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "0 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "three times the size of Washington, DC"
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "total": {
        "text": "0 km"
      }
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "125.5 km"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "territorial sea": {
        "text": "12 nm"
      },
      "exclusive economic zone": {
        "text": "200 nm"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical marine; generally warm and humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season (January to June), rainy season (July to December); little seasonal temperature variation"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "volcanic origin, surrounded by coral reefs; relatively flat coralline limestone plateau (source of most fresh water), with steep coastal cliffs and narrow coastal plains in north, low hills in center, mountains in south"
    },
    "Elevation": {
      "highest point": {
        "text": "Mount Lamlam 406 m"
      },
      "lowest point": {
        "text": "Pacific Ocean 0 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "aquatic wildlife (supporting tourism), fishing (largely undeveloped)"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "33.4% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 1.9% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 16.7% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 14.8% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "47.9% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "18.7% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Irrigated land": {
      "text": "2 sq km (2012)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "no large cities exist on the island, though large villages (municipalities) attract much of the population; the largest of these is Dededo"
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "frequent squalls during rainy season; relatively rare but potentially destructive typhoons (June to December)"
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "largest and southernmost island in the Mariana Islands archipelago and the largest island in Micronesia; strategic location in western North Pacific Ocean"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Population": {
      "total": {
        "text": "169,532"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "87,345"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "82,187 (2024 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Nationality": {
      "noun": {
        "text": "Guamanian(s) (US citizens)"
      },
      "adjective": {
        "text": "Guamanian"
      }
    },
    "Ethnic groups": {
      "text": "Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander 46.1% (Chamorro 32.8%, Chuukese 6.7%, Palauan 1.4%, Pohnpeian 1.4%, Yapese 1%, other Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander 2.8%), Asian 35.5% (Filipino 29.1%, Korean 2.2%, Japanese 1.4%, Chinese (except Taiwanese) 1.3%, other Asian 1.5%), White 6.8%, African descent or African-American 0.9%, Indigenous 0.1%, other 0.6%, mixed 10% (2020 est.)"
    },
    "Languages": {
      "text": "English 43.3%, Filipino 24.9%, Chamorro 16%, other Pacific Island languages 9.4%, Asian languages 6.5% (2020 est.)"
    },
    "Religions": {
      "text": "Christian (predominantly Roman Catholic) 94.2%, folk religions 1.5%, Buddhist 1.1%, other 1.6%, unaffiliated 1.7% (2020 est.)"
    },
    "Age structure": {
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "26.4% (male 23,139/female 21,632)"
      },
      "15-64 years": {
        "text": "62.7% (male 55,591/female 50,741)"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "10.9% (2024 est.) (male 8,615/female 9,814)"
      }
    },
    "Dependency ratios": {
      "total dependency ratio": {
        "text": "60.7"
      },
      "youth dependency ratio": {
        "text": "42.3"
      },
      "elderly dependency ratio": {
        "text": "18.4"
      },
      "potential support ratio": {
        "text": "5.4 (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Median age": {
      "total": {
        "text": "30.3 years (2024 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "29.6 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "31.1 years"
      }
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "0.11% (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Birth rate": {
      "text": "18.1 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Death rate": {
      "text": "6.1 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Net migration rate": {
      "text": "-10.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "no large cities exist on the island, though large villages (municipalities) attract much of the population; the largest of these is Dededo"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "95.2% of total population (2022)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "0.84% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major urban areas - population": {
      "text": "147,000 HAGATNA (capital) (2018)"
    },
    "Sex ratio": {
      "at birth": {
        "text": "1.07 male(s)/female"
      },
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "1.07 male(s)/female"
      },
      "15-64 years": {
        "text": "1.1 male(s)/female"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "0.88 male(s)/female"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "1.06 male(s)/female (2024 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Infant mortality rate": {
      "total": {
        "text": "10.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "11 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "10.9 deaths/1,000 live births"
      }
    },
    "Life expectancy at birth": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "78 years (2024 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "75.6 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "80.5 years"
      }
    },
    "Total fertility rate": {
      "text": "2.73 children born/woman (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Gross reproduction rate": {
      "text": "1.32 (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Drinking water source": {
      "improved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: NA"
      },
      "improved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: NA"
      },
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 99.7% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: NA"
      },
      "unimproved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: NA"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 0.3% of population (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Current health expenditure": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Sanitation facility access": {
      "improved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 89.8% of population (2015 est.)"
      },
      "improved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 89.8% of population (2015 est.)"
      },
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 89.8% of population (2015 est.)"
      },
      "unimproved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 10.2% of population (2015 est.)"
      },
      "unimproved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 10.2% of population (2015 est.)"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 10.2% of population (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
      "text": "37% (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Education expenditures": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Literacy": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "NA"
      }
    }
  },
  "Environment": {
    "Environment - current issues": {
      "text": "fresh water scarcity; reef damage; inadequate sewage treatment; extermination of native bird populations by the rapid proliferation of the brown tree snake, an exotic, invasive species"
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical marine; generally warm and humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season (January to June), rainy season (July to December); little seasonal temperature variation"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "33.4% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 1.9% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 16.7% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 14.8% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "47.9% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "18.7% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "95.2% of total population (2022)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "0.84% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Revenue from forest resources": {
      "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)"
    },
    "Revenue from coal": {
      "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)"
    },
    "Waste and recycling": {
      "municipal solid waste generated annually": {
        "text": "141,500 tons (2012 est.)"
      },
      "municipal solid waste recycled annually": {
        "text": "25,258 tons (2011 est.)"
      },
      "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": {
        "text": "17.9% (2011 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "none"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "Guam"
      },
      "local long form": {
        "text": "none"
      },
      "local short form": {
        "text": "Guahan"
      },
      "abbreviation": {
        "text": "GU"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "the native Chamorro name for the island \"Guahan\" (meaning \"we have\" or \"ours\") was changed to Guam in the 1898 Treaty of Paris, whereby Spain relinquished Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines to the US"
      }
    },
    "Government type": {
      "text": "unincorporated organized territory of the US with local self-government; republican form of territorial government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches"
    },
    "Dependency status": {
      "text": "unincorporated organized territory of the US with policy relations between Guam and the Federal Government under the jurisdiction of the Office of Insular Affairs, US Department of the Interior, Washington, DC"
    },
    "Capital": {
      "name": {
        "text": "Hagatna (Agana)"
      },
      "geographic coordinates": {
        "text": "13 28 N, 144 44 E"
      },
      "time difference": {
        "text": "UTC+10 (15 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "the name is derived from the Chamoru word \"haga,\" meaning \"blood\", and may refer to the bloodlines of the various families that established the original settlement"
      }
    },
    "Administrative divisions": {
      "text": "none (territory of the US)"
    },
    "Independence": {
      "text": "none (territory of the US)"
    },
    "National holiday": {
      "text": "Discovery Day (or Magellan Day), first Monday in March (1521)"
    },
    "Legal system": {
      "text": "common law modeled on US system; US federal laws apply"
    },
    "Constitution": {
      "history": {
        "text": "effective 1 July 1950 (Guam Act of 1950 serves as a constitution)"
      },
      "amendments": {
        "text": "amended many times, last in 2015"
      }
    },
    "Citizenship": {
      "text": "see United States"
    },
    "Suffrage": {
      "text": "18 years of age; universal; note - Guamanians are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections"
    },
    "Executive branch": {
      "chief of state": {
        "text": "President Joseph R. BIDEN Jr. (since 20 January 2021)"
      },
      "head of government": {
        "text": "Governor Lourdes LEON GUERRERO (since 7 January 2019)"
      },
      "cabinet": {
        "text": "Cabinet appointed by the governor with the consent of the Legislature"
      },
      "elections/appointments": {
        "text": "president and vice president indirectly elected on the same ballot by an Electoral College of 'electors' chosen from each state to serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); under the US Constitution, residents of unincorporated territories, such as Guam, do not vote in elections for US president and vice president; however, they may vote in Democratic and Republican presidential primary elections; governor and lieutenant governor elected on the same ballot by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for 2 consecutive terms); gubernatorial election last held on 8 November 2022 (next to be held on 3 November 2026)"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "<em><br>2022:</em> Lourdes LEON GUERRERO reelected governor; percent of vote - Lourdes LEON GUERRERO (Democratic Party) 55%, Felix CAMACHO (Republican Party) 44%; Josh TENORIO (Democratic Party) elected lieutenant governor<br><br><em>2018:</em> Lourdes LEON GUERRERO elected governor; percent of vote -  Lourdes LEON GUERRERO (Democratic Party) 50.7%, Ray TENORIO (Republican Party) 26.4%; Josh TENORIO (Democratic Party) elected lieutenant governor"
      }
    },
    "Legislative branch": {
      "legislature name": {
        "text": "Legislature of Guam (Liheslaturan Guahan)"
      },
      "legislative structure": {
        "text": "unicameral"
      },
      "number of seats": {
        "text": "15 (directly elected)"
      },
      "electoral system": {
        "text": "plurality/majority"
      },
      "scope of elections": {
        "text": "full renewal"
      },
      "term in office": {
        "text": "2 years"
      },
      "most recent election date": {
        "text": "11/8/2022"
      },
      "parties elected and seats per party": {
        "text": "Democratic Party (9); Republican Party (6)"
      },
      "percentage of women in chamber": {
        "text": "40%"
      },
      "expected date of next election": {
        "text": "November 2024"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> Guam directly elects 1 member by simple majority vote to serve a 2-year term as delegate to the US House of Representatives; the delegate can vote when serving on a committee and when the House meets as the Committee of the Whole House, but not when legislation is submitted for a “full floor” House vote"
    },
    "Judicial branch": {
      "highest court(s)": {
        "text": "Supreme Court of Guam (consists of 3 justices); note - appeals beyond the Supreme Court of Guam are referred to the US Supreme Court"
      },
      "judge selection and term of office": {
        "text": "justices appointed by the governor and confirmed by the Guam legislature; justices appointed for life subject to retention election every 10 years"
      },
      "subordinate courts": {
        "text": "Superior Court of Guam - includes several divisions; US Federal District Court for the District of Guam (a US territorial court; appeals beyond this court are heard before the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit)"
      }
    },
    "Political parties": {
      "text": "Democratic Party<br>Republican Party"
    },
    "International organization participation": {
      "text": "AOSIS (observer), IOC, PIF (observer), SPC, UPU"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
      "text": "none (territory of the US)"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
      "embassy": {
        "text": "none (territory of the US)"
      }
    },
    "Flag description": {
      "text": "territorial flag is dark blue with a narrow red border on all four sides; centered is a red-bordered, pointed, vertical ellipse containing a beach scene, a proa or outrigger canoe with sail, and a palm tree with the word GUAM superimposed in bold red letters; the proa is sailing in Agana Bay with the promontory of Puntan Dos Amantes, near the capital, in the background; the shape of the central emblem is that of a Chamorro sling stone, used as a weapon for defense or hunting; blue represents the sea and red the blood shed in the struggle against oppression",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> the US flag is the national flag"
    },
    "National symbol(s)": {
      "text": "coconut tree; national colors: deep blue, red"
    },
    "National anthem": {
      "name": {
        "text": "\"Fanohge Chamoru\" (Stand Ye Guamanians)"
      },
      "lyrics/music": {
        "text": "Ramon Manalisay SABLAN [English], Lagrimas UNTALAN [Chamoru]/Ramon Manalisay SABLAN"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1919; the local anthem is also known as \"Guam Hymn\"; as a territory of the United States, \"The Star-Spangled Banner,\" which generally follows the playing of \"Stand Ye Guamanians,\" is official (see United States)"
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
    "Economic overview": {
      "text": "small Pacific island US territorial economy; upper income, tourism-based economy; hard-hit by COVID-19 disruptions; relaunched many industries via vaccination tourism; domestic economy relies on multiple military bases; environmentally fragile economy"
    },
    "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2016": {
        "text": "$5.793 billion (2016 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015": {
        "text": "$5.697 billion (2015 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014": {
        "text": "$5.531 billion (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Real GDP growth rate": {
      "Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
        "text": "5.1% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
        "text": "2.06% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
        "text": "-10.52% (2020 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
    },
    "Real GDP per capita": {
      "Real GDP per capita 2016": {
        "text": "$35,600 (2016 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2015": {
        "text": "$35,200 (2015 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2014": {
        "text": "$34,400 (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
      "text": "$6.91 billion (2022 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
    },
    "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
        "text": "1% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": {
        "text": "0% (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "GDP - composition, by end use": {
      "household consumption": {
        "text": "59.9% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "government consumption": {
        "text": "55% (2016 est.)"
      },
      "investment in fixed capital": {
        "text": "20.6% (2016 est.)"
      },
      "exports of goods and services": {
        "text": "7.9% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "imports of goods and services": {
        "text": "-64% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection"
    },
    "Agricultural products": {
      "text": "fruits, copra, vegetables; eggs, pork, poultry, beef"
    },
    "Industries": {
      "text": "national defense, tourism, construction, transshipment services, concrete products, printing and publishing, food processing, textiles"
    },
    "Industrial production growth rate": {
      "text": "4.3% (2014 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
    },
    "Labor force": {
      "text": "77,000 (2023 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
    },
    "Unemployment rate": {
      "Unemployment rate 2023": {
        "text": "5.42% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Unemployment rate 2022": {
        "text": "5.53% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Unemployment rate 2021": {
        "text": "6% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
    },
    "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "12.9% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "12.6% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "13.2% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment"
    },
    "Average household expenditures": {
      "on food": {
        "text": "34.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)"
      },
      "on alcohol and tobacco": {
        "text": "1.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Budget": {
      "revenues": {
        "text": "$1.24 billion (2016 est.)"
      },
      "expenditures": {
        "text": "$1.299 billion (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Public debt": {
      "Public debt 2016": {
        "text": "22.1% of GDP (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Taxes and other revenues": {
      "text": "21.4% (of GDP) (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Exports": {
      "Exports 2021": {
        "text": "$186 million (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Exports 2020": {
        "text": "$371 million (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Exports 2019": {
        "text": "$1.403 billion (2019 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note: </strong>GDP expenditure basis - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
    },
    "Exports - partners": {
      "text": "Singapore 30%, Taiwan 20%, South Korea 14%, Philippines 12%, Hong Kong 8% (2022)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five export partners based on percentage share of exports"
    },
    "Exports - commodities": {
      "text": "refined petroleum, scrap iron, scrap copper, trunks and cases, aircraft parts (2022)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
    },
    "Imports": {
      "Imports 2021": {
        "text": "$3.667 billion (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Imports 2020": {
        "text": "$3.383 billion (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Imports 2019": {
        "text": "$3.552 billion (2019 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note: </strong>GDP expenditure basis - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
    },
    "Imports - partners": {
      "text": "South Korea 37%, Singapore 35%, Japan 12%, Taiwan 3%, Hong Kong 3% (2022)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five import partners based on percentage share of imports"
    },
    "Imports - commodities": {
      "text": "refined petroleum, cars, raw iron bars, electric generating sets, trunks and cases (2022)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
    },
    "Exchange rates": {
      "text": "<p>the US dollar is used</p>"
    }
  },
  "Energy": {
    "Electricity access": {
      "electrification - total population": {
        "text": "100% (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Electricity": {
      "installed generating capacity": {
        "text": "525,000 kW (2022 est.)"
      },
      "consumption": {
        "text": "1.662 billion kWh (2022 est.)"
      },
      "transmission/distribution losses": {
        "text": "90.023 million kWh (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Electricity generation sources": {
      "fossil fuels": {
        "text": "94.9% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)"
      },
      "solar": {
        "text": "5.1% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)"
      },
      "wind": {
        "text": "0.1% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Petroleum": {
      "refined petroleum consumption": {
        "text": "12,000 bbl/day (2022 est.)"
      },
      "crude oil estimated reserves": {
        "text": "Data represented includes both Guam and Northern Mariana Islands"
      }
    },
    "Carbon dioxide emissions": {
      "total emissions": {
        "text": "1.83 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "from petroleum and other liquids": {
        "text": "1.83 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Energy consumption per capita": {
      "Total energy consumption per capita 2019": {
        "text": "150.555 million Btu/person (2019 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Communications": {
    "Telephones - fixed lines": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "70,000 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "43 (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephones - mobile cellular": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "98,000 (2009 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "62 (2009 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telecommunication systems": {
      "general assessment": {
        "text": "Guam&rsquo;s telecommunications companies provide important services that allow other businesses on island to operate; Guam plays a larger, and growing role, in global telecommunications infrastructure, the submarine fiber optic cables that land on Guam benefit island residents and the local economy; in the Asia-Pacific region the demand for 4G, 5G, and broadband access is rapidly increasing; the 11 submarine cables that currently land on Guam, connecting the U.S. to the Asia-Pacific region, are some of the more than 400 cables that are the backbone of global telecommunications, providing nearly all of the world&rsquo;s internet and phone service; as of January 2024, one of the world's most dominant companies will be landing two new subsea cables on Guam; in May 2024 a global arm of a leading telecommunications and technology company, announced its plans to develop a regional network hub in Guam by establishing a new dedicated point-of-presence (PoP) in Piti at the carrier-neutral GNC iX data center; this PoP will serve growing connectivity demand in the region and will be a key connection point for new cable systems including the Echo cable and central Pacific Connect cable that are being constructed to provide additional low latency network reliability and redundancy throughout Asia and between Asia, Australia, and the U.S. (2021)"
      },
      "domestic": {
        "text": "fixed-line subscriptions 41 per 100 and 62 per 100 mobile-cellular subscriptions in 2004 (2021)"
      },
      "international": {
        "text": "country code - 1-671; major landing points for Atisa, HANTRU1, HK-G, JGA-N, JGA-S, PIPE-1, SEA-US, SxS, Tata TGN-Pacific, AJC, GOKI, AAG, AJC and Mariana-Guam Cable submarine cables between Asia, Australia, and the US (Guam is a transpacific communications hub for major carriers linking the US and Asia); satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2019)"
      }
    },
    "Broadcast media": {
      "text": "about a dozen TV channels, including digital channels; multi-channel cable TV services are available; roughly 20 radio stations"
    },
    "Internet country code": {
      "text": ".gu"
    },
    "Internet users": {
      "percent of population": {
        "text": "81% (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": {
      "total": {
        "text": "3,000 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "2 (2022 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
      "text": "N"
    },
    "Airports": {
      "text": "3 (2024)"
    },
    "Heliports": {
      "text": "2 (2024)"
    },
    "Roadways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "1,045 km (2008)"
      }
    },
    "Merchant marine": {
      "total": {
        "text": "3 (2023)"
      },
      "by type": {
        "text": "other 3"
      }
    },
    "Ports": {
      "total ports": {
        "text": "1 (2024)"
      },
      "large": {
        "text": "0"
      },
      "medium": {
        "text": "1"
      },
      "small": {
        "text": "0"
      },
      "very small": {
        "text": "0"
      },
      "ports with oil terminals": {
        "text": "1"
      },
      "key ports": {
        "text": "Apra Harbor"
      }
    }
  },
  "Military and Security": {
    "Military and security forces": {
      "text": "Guam Police Department (GPD); Guam (US) National Guard&nbsp;"
    },
    "Military - note": {
      "text": "defense is the responsibility of the US; the US military maintains over 6,000 personnel on Guam, including an air base, an air wing, and a naval installation command (2024)"
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
  }
}