{ "Introduction": { "Background": { "text": "

Guinea's deep Muslim heritage arrived via the neighboring Almoravid Empire in the 11th century. Following Almoravid decline, Guinea existed on the fringe of several African kingdoms, all competing for regional dominance. In the 13th century, the Mali Empire took control of Guinea and encouraged its already growing Muslim faith. After the fall of the West African empires, various smaller kingdoms controlled Guinea. In the 18th century, Fulani Muslims established an Islamic state in central Guinea that provided one of the earliest examples of a written constitution and alternating leadership. European traders first arrived in the 16th century, and the French secured colonial rule in the 19th century.

In 1958, Guinea achieved independence from France. Sekou TOURE became Guinea’s first post-independence president; he established a dictatorial regime and ruled until his death in 1984, after which General Lansana CONTE staged a coup and seized the government. He too established an authoritarian regime and manipulated presidential elections until his death in 2008, when Captain Moussa Dadis CAMARA led a military coup, seized power, and suspended the constitution. In 2009, CAMARA was wounded in an assassination attempt and was exiled to Burkina Faso. In 2010 and 2013 respectively, the country held its first free and fair presidential and legislative elections. Alpha CONDE won the 2010 and 2015 presidential elections, and his first cabinet was the first all-civilian government in Guinean history. CONDE won a third term in 2020 after a constitutional change to term limits. In 2021, Col Mamady DOUMBOUYA led another successful military coup, establishing the National Committee for Reconciliation and Development (CNRD), suspending the constitution, and dissolving the government and the legislature. DOUMBOUYA was sworn in as transition president and appointed Mohamed BEAVOGUI as transition prime minister. The National Transition Council (CNT), which acts as the legislative body for the transition, was formed in 2022 and consists of appointed members representing a broad swath of Guinean society.

" } }, "Geography": { "Location": { "text": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone" }, "Geographic coordinates": { "text": "11 00 N, 10 00 W" }, "Map references": { "text": "Africa" }, "Area": { "total ": { "text": "245,857 sq km" }, "land": { "text": "245,717 sq km" }, "water": { "text": "140 sq km" } }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Oregon; slightly larger than twice the size of Pennsylvania" }, "Land boundaries": { "total": { "text": "4,046 km" }, "border countries": { "text": "Cote d'Ivoire 816 km; Guinea-Bissau 421 km; Liberia 590 km; Mali 1062 km; Senegal 363 km; Sierra Leone 794 km" } }, "Coastline": { "text": "320 km" }, "Maritime claims": { "territorial sea": { "text": "12 nm" }, "exclusive economic zone": { "text": "200 nm" } }, "Climate": { "text": "generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds" }, "Terrain": { "text": "generally flat coastal plain, hilly to mountainous interior" }, "Elevation": { "highest point": { "text": "Mont Nimba 1,752 m" }, "lowest point": { "text": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m" }, "mean elevation": { "text": "472 m" } }, "Natural resources": { "text": "bauxite, iron ore, diamonds, gold, uranium, hydropower, fish, salt" }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { "text": "58.1% (2018 est.)" }, "agricultural land: arable land": { "text": "arable land: 11.8% (2018 est.)" }, "agricultural land: permanent crops": { "text": "permanent crops: 2.8% (2018 est.)" }, "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { "text": "permanent pasture: 43.5% (2018 est.)" }, "forest": { "text": "26.5% (2018 est.)" }, "other": { "text": "15.4% (2018 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { "text": "950 sq km (2012)" }, "Major rivers (by length in km)": { "text": "Niger river source (shared with Mali, and Nigeria [m]) - 4,200 km; Gambie (Gambia) river source (shared with Senegal and The Gambia [m]) - 1,094 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth" }, "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km), Senegal (456,397 sq km)" }, "Population distribution": { "text": "areas of highest density are in the west and south; interior is sparsely populated as shown in this population distribution map" }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season" }, "Geography - note": { "text": "the Niger and its important tributary the Milo River have their sources in the Guinean highlands" } }, "People and Society": { "Population": { "total": { "text": "13,986,179" }, "male": { "text": "6,985,606" }, "female": { "text": "7,000,573 (2024 est.)" } }, "Nationality": { "noun": { "text": "Guinean(s)" }, "adjective": { "text": "Guinean" } }, "Ethnic groups": { "text": "Fulani (Peuhl) 33.4%, Malinke 29.4%, Susu 21.2%, Guerze 7.8%, Kissi 6.2%, Toma 1.6%, other/foreign 0.4% (2018 est.)" }, "Languages": { "text": "French (official), Pular, Maninka, Susu, other native languages", "note": "note: about 40 languages are spoken; each ethnic group has its own language" }, "Religions": { "text": "Muslim 85.2%, Christian 13.4%, animist 0.2%, none 1.2% (2018 est.)" }, "Demographic profile": { "text": "

Guinea’s strong population growth is a result of declining mortality rates and sustained elevated fertility. The population growth rate was somewhat tempered in the 2000s because of a period of net outmigration. Although life expectancy and mortality rates have improved over the last two decades, the nearly universal practice of female genital cutting continues to contribute to high infant and maternal mortality rates. Guinea’s total fertility remains high at about 5 children per woman as of 2022 because of the ongoing preference for larger families, low contraceptive usage and availability, a lack of educational attainment and empowerment among women, and poverty. A lack of literacy and vocational training programs limit job prospects for youths, but even those with university degrees often have no option but to work in the informal sector. About 60% of the country’s large youth population is unemployed.

Tensions and refugees have spilled over Guinea’s borders with Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Cote d’Ivoire. During the 1990s Guinea harbored as many as half a million refugees from Sierra Leone and Liberia, more refugees than any other African country for much of that decade. About half sought refuge in the volatile \"Parrot’s Beak\" region of southwest Guinea, a wedge of land jutting into Sierra Leone near the Liberian border. Many were relocated within Guinea in the early 2000s because the area suffered repeated cross-border attacks from various government and rebel forces, as well as anti-refugee violence.

" }, "Age structure": { "0-14 years": { "text": "40.9% (male 2,884,146/female 2,835,794)" }, "15-64 years": { "text": "55.1% (male 3,846,852/female 3,856,366)" }, "65 years and over": { "text": "4% (2024 est.) (male 254,608/female 308,413)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { "total dependency ratio": { "text": "82.4" }, "youth dependency ratio": { "text": "76.3" }, "elderly dependency ratio": { "text": "6.1" }, "potential support ratio": { "text": "16.3 (2021 est.)" } }, "Median age": { "total": { "text": "19.4 years (2024 est.)" }, "male": { "text": "19.2 years" }, "female": { "text": "19.6 years" } }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.74% (2024 est.)" }, "Birth rate": { "text": "35.3 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)" }, "Death rate": { "text": "7.8 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)" }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)" }, "Population distribution": { "text": "areas of highest density are in the west and south; interior is sparsely populated as shown in this population distribution map" }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "38.1% of total population (2023)" }, "rate of urbanization": { "text": "3.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, "Major urban areas - population": { "text": "2.111 million CONAKRY (capital) (2023)" }, "Sex ratio": { "at birth": { "text": "1.03 male(s)/female" }, "0-14 years": { "text": "1.02 male(s)/female" }, "15-64 years": { "text": "1 male(s)/female" }, "65 years and over": { "text": "0.83 male(s)/female" }, "total population": { "text": "1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)" } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { "text": "19.9 years (2018 est.)", "note": "note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "553 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, "Infant mortality rate": { "total": { "text": "47 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)" }, "male": { "text": "51.6 deaths/1,000 live births" }, "female": { "text": "42.3 deaths/1,000 live births" } }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { "text": "64.6 years (2024 est.)" }, "male": { "text": "62.7 years" }, "female": { "text": "66.6 years" } }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "4.78 children born/woman (2024 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { "text": "2.36 (2024 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "10.9% (2018)" }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 99.5% of population" }, "improved: rural": { "text": "rural: 76.9% of population" }, "improved: total": { "text": "total: 85.2% of population" }, "unimproved: urban": { "text": "urban: 0.5% of population" }, "unimproved: rural": { "text": "rural: 23.1% of population" }, "unimproved: total": { "text": "total: 14.8% of population (2020 est.)" } }, "Current health expenditure": { "text": "4% of GDP (2020)" }, "Physician density": { "text": "0.23 physicians/1,000 population (2018)" }, "Hospital bed density": { "text": "0.3 beds/1,000 population (2011)" }, "Sanitation facility access": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 90.9% of population" }, "improved: rural": { "text": "rural: 38.7% of population" }, "improved: total": { "text": "total: 58% of population" }, "unimproved: urban": { "text": "urban: 9.1% of population" }, "unimproved: rural": { "text": "rural: 61.3% of population" }, "unimproved: total": { "text": "total: 42% of population (2020 est.)" } }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "7.7% (2016)" }, "Alcohol consumption per capita": { "total": { "text": "0.33 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" }, "beer": { "text": "0.29 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" }, "wine": { "text": "0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" }, "spirits": { "text": "0.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" }, "other alcohols": { "text": "0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" } }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "16.3% (2018)" }, "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { "text": "68.7% (2023 est.)" }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "17%" }, "women married by age 18": { "text": "46.5%" }, "men married by age 18": { "text": "1.9% (2018 est.)" } }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.2% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { "text": "age 15 and over can read and write" }, "total population": { "text": "45.3%" }, "male": { "text": "61.2%" }, "female": { "text": "31.3% (2021)" } }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { "text": "9 years" }, "male": { "text": "10 years" }, "female": { "text": "8 years (2014)" } } }, "Environment": { "Environment - current issues": { "text": "deforestation; inadequate potable water; desertification; soil contamination and erosion; overfishing, overpopulation in forest region; poor mining practices lead to environmental damage; water pollution; improper waste disposal" }, "Environment - international agreements": { "party to": { "text": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling" }, "signed, but not ratified": { "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, "Climate": { "text": "generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds" }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { "text": "58.1% (2018 est.)" }, "agricultural land: arable land": { "text": "arable land: 11.8% (2018 est.)" }, "agricultural land: permanent crops": { "text": "permanent crops: 2.8% (2018 est.)" }, "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { "text": "permanent pasture: 43.5% (2018 est.)" }, "forest": { "text": "26.5% (2018 est.)" }, "other": { "text": "15.4% (2018 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "38.1% of total population (2023)" }, "rate of urbanization": { "text": "3.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, "Food insecurity": { "severe localized food insecurity": { "text": "due to reduced incomes - levels of acute food insecurity are expected to increase in 2023; food prices are likely to remain at high levels, supported by the unfolding effects of the war in Ukraine on international trade; nearly 710,000 people are projected to be acutely food insecure during the June to August 2023 lean season, an improvement compared to 2022 when about 1.22 million people were estimated to face acute food insecurity; acute food insecurity is mainly driven by high food prices (2023)" } }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "4.81% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Air pollutants": { "particulate matter emissions": { "text": "37.57 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)" }, "carbon dioxide emissions": { "text": "3 megatons (2016 est.)" }, "methane emissions": { "text": "11.13 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "596,911 tons (1996 est.)" }, "municipal solid waste recycled annually": { "text": "29,846 tons (2005 est.)" }, "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": { "text": "5% (2005 est.)" } }, "Major rivers (by length in km)": { "text": "Niger river source (shared with Mali, and Nigeria [m]) - 4,200 km; Gambie (Gambia) river source (shared with Senegal and The Gambia [m]) - 1,094 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth" }, "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km), Senegal (456,397 sq km)" }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { "text": "230 million cubic meters (2020 est.)" }, "industrial": { "text": "60 million cubic meters (2020 est.)" }, "agricultural": { "text": "600 million cubic meters (2020 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { "text": "226 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)" } }, "Government": { "Country name": { "conventional long form": { "text": "Republic of Guinea" }, "conventional short form": { "text": "Guinea" }, "local long form": { "text": "République de Guinée" }, "local short form": { "text": "Guinée" }, "former": { "text": "French Guinea" }, "etymology": { "text": "the country is named after the Guinea region of West Africa that lies along the Gulf of Guinea and stretches north to the Sahel" } }, "Government type": { "text": "presidential republic" }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Conakry" }, "geographic coordinates": { "text": "9 30 N, 13 42 W" }, "time difference": { "text": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, "etymology": { "text": "according to tradition, the name derives from the fusion of the name Cona, a Baga wine and cheese producer who lived on Tombo Island (the original site of the present-day capital), and the word nakiri, which in Susu means \"the other bank\" or \"the other side\"; supposedly, Baga's palm grove produced the best wine on the island and people traveling to sample his vintage, would say: \"I am going to Cona, on the other bank (Cona-nakiri),\" which over time became Conakry" } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "7 regions administrative (administrative regions) and 1 gouvenorat (governorate)*; Boke, Conakry*, Faranah, Kankan, Kindia, Labe, Mamou, N'Zerekore" }, "Independence": { "text": "2 October 1958 (from France)" }, "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 2 October (1958)" }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system based on the French model" }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1958, 1990; 2010 and a referendum in 2020, which was suspended on 5 September 2021 via a coup d’etat; on 27 September, the Transitional Charter was released, which supersedes the constitution until a new constitution is promulgated" }, "amendments": { "text": "proposed by the National Assembly or by the president of the republic; consideration of proposals requires approval by simple majority vote by the Assembly; passage requires approval in referendum; the president can opt to submit amendments directly to the Assembly, in which case approval requires at least two-thirds majority vote; revised in 2020" } }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, "Citizenship": { "citizenship by birth": { "text": "no" }, "citizenship by descent only": { "text": "at least one parent must be a citizen of Guinea" }, "dual citizenship recognized": { "text": "no" }, "residency requirement for naturalization": { "text": "na" } }, "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA (since 1 October 2021)" }, "head of government": { "text": "Prime Minister Mamadou Oury BAH (since 27 February 2024)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "formerly the Council of Ministers appointed by the president; note - on 5 September 2021, the military arrested and detained the president, suspended the constitution, and dissolved the government and legislature" }, "elections/appointments": { "text": "formerly, the president was directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term) and the prime minister appointed by the president; election last held on 18 October 2020; note - a new election timetable has not been announced by the transitional government; note - on 5 September 2021, Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA led a military coup in which President CONDE was arrested and detained, the constitution suspended, and the government and People's National Assembly dissolved; on 1 October 2021, DOUMBOUYA was sworn in as transitional president" }, "election results": { "text": "
2020: Alpha CONDE reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Alpha CONDE (RPG) 59.5%, Cellou Dalein DIALLO (UFDG) 33.5%, other 7%

2015: Alpha CONDE reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Alpha CONDE (RPG) 57.8%, Cellou Dalein DIALLO (UFDG) 31.4%, other 10.8%" } }, "Legislative branch": { "legislature name": { "text": "Transitional National Council (Conseil national de transition)" }, "legislative structure": { "text": "unicameral" }, "number of seats": { "text": "81 (all appointed)" }, "electoral system": { "text": "mixed system" }, "scope of elections": { "text": "full renewal" }, "most recent election date": { "text": "1/22/2022" }, "percentage of women in chamber": { "text": "29.6%" }, "expected date of next election": { "text": "December 2025" }, "note": "note: on 5 September 2021, Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA led a military coup in which President CONDE was arrested and detained, the constitution suspended, and the government and People's National Assembly dissolved; in January 2022, an 81-member Transitional National Council was installed; in February 2024, Guinea's military leaders dissolved the government" }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (organized into Administrative Chamber and Civil, Penal, and Social Chamber; court consists of the first president, 2 chamber presidents, 10 councilors, the solicitor general, and NA deputies); Constitutional Court - suspended on 5 September 2021" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Supreme Court first president appointed by the national president after consultation with the National Assembly; other members appointed by presidential decree; members serve 9-year terms until age 65" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; High Court of Justice or Cour d'Assises; Court of Account (Court of Auditors); Courts of First Instance (Tribunal de Premiere Instance); labor court; military tribunal; justices of the peace; specialized courts" } }, "Political parties": { "text": "African Congress for Democracy and Renewal or CADRE 
Alliance for National Renewal or ARN 
Alliance for National Renewal or ARENA 
Bloc Liberal or BL 
Citizen Generation or GECI 
Citizen Party for the Defense of Collective Interests or PCDIC 
Democratic Alliance for Renewal or ADR 
Democratic National Movement or MND
Democratic Union for Renewal and Progress or UDRP 
Democratic Union of Guinea or UDG 
Democratic People's Movement of Guinea or MPDG 
Democratic Workers' Party of Guinea or PDTG 
Front for the National Alliance or FAN 
Generation for Reconciliation Union and Prosperity or GRUP 
Guinea for Democracy and Balance or GDE 
Guinean Party for Peaceful Coexistence and Development or PGCD 
Guinean Party for Solidarity and Democracy or PGSD 
Guinean Union for Democracy and Development or UGDD 
Guinean Rally for Development or RGD 
Guinean Rally for Unity and Development or RGUD 
Guinean Renaissance Party or PGR 
Modern Guinea 
Movement for Solidarity and Development or MSD 
National Committee for Reconciliation and Development 
National Front for Development or FND 
National Union for Prosperity or UNP 
National Party for Hope and Development or PEDN 
New Democratic Forces or NFD 
New Generation for the Republic or NGR 
New Guinea or NG 
New Political Generation or NGP 
Party for Progress and Change or PPC 
Party of Citizen Action through Labor or PACT 
Party of Democrats for Hope or PADES 
Party of Freedom and Progress or PLP 
Party of Hope for National Development or PEDN 
Rally for Renaissance and Development or RRD 
Rally for the Guinean People or RPG 
Rally for the Integrated Development of Guinea or RDIG 
Rally for the Republic or RPR 
Union of Democratic Forces of Guinea or UFDG
Union for Progress and Renewal or UPR 
Union for the Defense of Republican Interests or UDIR 
Union for the Progress of Guinea or UPG 
Union of Democratic Forces or UFD a or UFDG 
Union of Democrats for the Renaissance of Guinea or UDRG 
Union of Republican Forces or UFR 
Unity and Progress Party or PUP" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ACP, AfDB, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { "text": "Ambassador Fatoumata KABA (since 19 April 2023)" }, "chancery": { "text": "2112 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008" }, "telephone": { "text": "[1] (202) 986-4300" }, "FAX": { "text": "[1] (202) 986-3800" }, "email address and website": { "text": "
http://guineaembassyusa.org/en/welcome-to-the-embassy-of-guinea-washington-usa/" }, "consulate(s)": { "text": "Los Angelos" } }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { "text": "Ambassador Troy Damian FITRELL (since January 2022)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Transversale No. 2, Centre Administratif de Koloma, Commune de Ratoma, Conakry" }, "mailing address": { "text": "2110 Conakry Place, Washington DC  20521-2110" }, "telephone": { "text": "[224] 65-10-40-00" }, "FAX": { "text": "[224] 65-10-42-97" }, "email address and website": { "text": "
ConakryACS@state.gov

https://gn.usembassy.gov/" } }, "Flag description": { "text": "three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and green; red represents the people's sacrifice for liberation and work; yellow stands for the sun, for the riches of the earth, and for justice; green symbolizes the country's vegetation and unity", "note": "note: uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia; the colors from left to right are the reverse of those on the flags of neighboring Mali and Senegal" }, "National symbol(s)": { "text": "elephant; national colors: red, yellow, green" }, "National anthem": { "name": { "text": "\"Liberte\" (Liberty)" }, "lyrics/music": { "text": "unknown/Fodeba KEITA" }, "note": "note: adopted 1958" }, "National heritage": { "total World Heritage Sites": { "text": "1 (natural)" }, "selected World Heritage Site locales": { "text": "Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve" } } }, "Economy": { "Economic overview": { "text": "growing but primarily agrarian West African economy; major mining sector; improving fiscal and debt balances prior to COVID-19; economy increasingly vulnerable to climate change; slow infrastructure improvements; gender wealth and human capital gaps" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": { "text": "$56.892 billion (2023 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": { "text": "$53.297 billion (2022 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { "text": "$51.261 billion (2021 est.)" }, "note": "note: data in 2021 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2023": { "text": "6.74% (2023 est.)" }, "Real GDP growth rate 2022": { "text": "3.97% (2022 est.)" }, "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { "text": "3.9% (2021 est.)" }, "note": "note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency" }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2023": { "text": "$3,900 (2023 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2022": { "text": "$3,800 (2022 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2021": { "text": "$3,700 (2021 est.)" }, "note": "note: data in 2021 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$22.199 billion (2023 est.)", "note": "note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": { "text": "7.8% (2023 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": { "text": "10.49% (2022 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { "text": "12.6% (2021 est.)" }, "note": "note: annual % change based on consumer prices" }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "29.1% (2023 est.)" }, "industry": { "text": "26.3% (2023 est.)" }, "services": { "text": "36.9% (2023 est.)" }, "note": "note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "72.9% (2023 est.)" }, "government consumption": { "text": "13.6% (2023 est.)" }, "investment in fixed capital": { "text": "21.9% (2023 est.)" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "-1.1% (2023 est.)" }, "exports of goods and services": { "text": "41.6% (2023 est.)" }, "imports of goods and services": { "text": "-49% (2023 est.)" }, "note": "note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection" }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "cassava, rice, groundnuts, oil palm fruit, maize, fonio, plantains, potatoes, sweet potatoes, yams (2022)", "note": "note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage" }, "Industries": { "text": "bauxite, gold, diamonds, iron ore; light manufacturing, agricultural processing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { "text": "10.9% (2023 est.)", "note": "note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency" }, "Labor force": { "text": "4.465 million (2023 est.)", "note": "note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work" }, "Unemployment rate": { "Unemployment rate 2023": { "text": "5.3% (2023 est.)" }, "Unemployment rate 2022": { "text": "5.33% (2022 est.)" }, "Unemployment rate 2021": { "text": "5.77% (2021 est.)" }, "note": "note: % of labor force seeking employment" }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { "text": "7.3% (2023 est.)" }, "male": { "text": "6.3% (2023 est.)" }, "female": { "text": "8.2% (2023 est.)" }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "43.7% (2018 est.)", "note": "note: % of population with income below national poverty line" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { "text": "29.6 (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality" }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { "lowest 10%": { "text": "3.5% (2018 est.)" }, "highest 10%": { "text": "23.1% (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population" }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2023": { "text": "2.24% of GDP (2023 est.)" }, "Remittances 2022": { "text": "2.65% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, "Remittances 2021": { "text": "2.01% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "note": "note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities" }, "Budget": { "revenues": { "text": "$1.949 billion (2019 est.)" }, "expenditures": { "text": "$2.014 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "37.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { "text": "16.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { "Current account balance 2023": { "text": "$2.288 billion (2023 est.)" }, "Current account balance 2022": { "text": "$3.35 billion (2022 est.)" }, "Current account balance 2021": { "text": "$4.639 billion (2021 est.)" }, "note": "note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars" }, "Exports": { "Exports 2023": { "text": "$12.008 billion (2023 est.)" }, "Exports 2022": { "text": "$8.898 billion (2022 est.)" }, "Exports 2021": { "text": "$10.266 billion (2021 est.)" }, "note": "note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars" }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "China 37%, India 27%, UAE 25%, Switzerland 3%, Spain 2% (2022)", "note": "note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "gold, aluminum ore, coconuts/Brazil nuts/cashews, cocoa beans, fish (2022)", "note": "note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars" }, "Imports": { "Imports 2023": { "text": "$8.365 billion (2023 est.)" }, "Imports 2022": { "text": "$5.749 billion (2022 est.)" }, "Imports 2021": { "text": "$5.353 billion (2021 est.)" }, "note": "note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars" }, "Imports - partners": { "text": "China 37%, India 10%, Netherlands 8%, UAE 4%, Belgium 4% (2022)", "note": "note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "refined petroleum, rice, garments, plastic products, wheat (2022)", "note": "note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": { "text": "$1.499 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2019": { "text": "$1.379 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2018": { "text": "$1.242 billion (2018 est.)" }, "note": "note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars" }, "Debt - external": { "Debt - external 2023": { "text": "$3.981 billion (2023 est.)" }, "note": "note: present value of external debt in current US dollars" }, "Exchange rates": { "Currency": { "text": "Guinean francs (GNF) per US dollar -" }, "Exchange rates 2020": { "text": "9,565.082 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { "text": "9,183.876 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { "text": "9,011.134 (2018 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2017": { "text": "9,088.319 (2017 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2016": { "text": "8,967.927 (2016 est.)" } } }, "Energy": { "Electricity access": { "electrification - total population": { "text": "47.7% (2022 est.)" }, "electrification - urban areas": { "text": "91%" }, "electrification - rural areas": { "text": "21.3%" } }, "Electricity": { "installed generating capacity": { "text": "1.191 million kW (2022 est.)" }, "consumption": { "text": "2.625 billion kWh (2022 est.)" }, "transmission/distribution losses": { "text": "418.8 million kWh (2022 est.)" } }, "Electricity generation sources": { "fossil fuels": { "text": "33.6% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)" }, "solar": { "text": "0.7% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)" }, "hydroelectricity": { "text": "65.7% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)" } }, "Coal": { "imports": { "text": "2,000 metric tons (2022 est.)" } }, "Petroleum": { "refined petroleum consumption": { "text": "30,000 bbl/day (2022 est.)" } }, "Carbon dioxide emissions": { "total emissions": { "text": "4.502 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)" }, "from coal and metallurgical coke": { "text": "5,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)" }, "from petroleum and other liquids": { "text": "4.497 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)" } }, "Energy consumption per capita": { "Total energy consumption per capita 2022": { "text": "4.891 million Btu/person (2022 est.)" } } }, "Communications": { "Telephones - fixed lines": { "total subscriptions": { "text": "0 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { "text": "(2022 est.) less than 1" } }, "Telephones - mobile cellular": { "total subscriptions": { "text": "13.8 million (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { "text": "102 (2021 est.)" } }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { "text": "the number of mobile subscribers grew strongly while revenue also increased steadily; fixed broadband services are still very limited and expensive, though there have been some positive developments in recent years; the landing of the first international submarine cable in 2012, and the setting up of an IXP in mid-2013, increased the bandwidth available to the ISPs, and helped reduce the cost of internet services for end-users; a National Backbone Network was completed in mid-2020, connecting administrative centers across the country; almost all internet connections are made via mobile networks; GSM services account for a dwindling proportion of connections, in line with the greater reach of services based on 3G and LTE (2022)" }, "domestic": { "text": "fixed-line teledensity is less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership is just over 105 per 100 persons (2020)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 224; ACE submarine cable connecting Guinea with 20 landing points in Western and South Africa and Europe; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean (2019)" } }, "Broadcast media": { "text": "

Government maintains control over broadcast media; single state-run TV station; state-run radio broadcast station also operates several stations in rural areas; a dozen private television stations; a steadily increasing number of privately owned radio stations, nearly all in Conakry, and about a dozen community radio stations; foreign TV programming available via satellite and cable subscription services 

(2022)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".gn" }, "Internet users": { "percent of population": { "text": "34% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { "text": "1,000 (2022 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { "text": "(2022 est.) less than 1" } } }, "Transportation": { "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": { "text": "3X" }, "Airports": { "text": "16 (2024)" }, "Heliports": { "text": "1 (2024)" }, "Railways": { "total": { "text": "1,086 km (2017)" }, "standard gauge": { "text": "279 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge" }, "narrow gauge": { "text": "807 km (2017) 1.000-m gauge" } }, "Roadways": { "total": { "text": "44,301 km" }, "paved": { "text": "3,346 km" }, "unpaved": { "text": "40,955 km (2018)" } }, "Waterways": { "text": "1,300 km (2011) (navigable by shallow-draft native craft in the northern part of the Niger River system)" }, "Merchant marine": { "total": { "text": "2 (2023)" }, "by type": { "text": "other 2" } }, "Ports": { "total ports": { "text": "4 (2024)" }, "large": { "text": "0" }, "medium": { "text": "1" }, "small": { "text": "0" }, "very small": { "text": "3" }, "ports with oil terminals": { "text": "2" }, "key ports": { "text": "Benti, Conakry, Kamsar, Victoria" } } }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { "text": "Guinean (or National) Armed Forces (Forces Armées Guinéennes): Army (Armée de terre), Air Force (Armée de l'air), Navy (Armée de mer), Presidential Security Battalion (Battailon Autonome de la Sécurité Presidentielle, BASP), National Gendarmerie (Gendarmerie Nationale) (2024)", "note": "note: the National Gendarmerie is overseen by the Ministry of Defense, while the National Police is under the Ministry of Security; the Gendarmerie and National Police share responsibility for internal security, but only the Gendarmerie can arrest police or military officials; Guinea's military and security forces are sometimes collectively referred to as the Defense and Security Forces" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2023": { "text": "2.2% of GDP (2023 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2022": { "text": "1.8% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2021": { "text": "1.5% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { "text": "1.4% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.6% of GDP (2019 est.)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { "text": "estimated 10-15,000 Armed Forces personnel (2024)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the Guinean military's inventory consists almost entirely of Soviet-era weapons and equipment along with small amounts of secondhand material from China, France, Russia, and South Africa  (2024)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for voluntary and selective conscripted service; 9-12 months of service (2023)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "the Guinean military is a small and lightly armed force that is responsible for territorial defense, but also has some domestic security responsibilities and has historically been involved in suppressing public protests; the military has undergone some attempts at reform since 2010, but in 2021 the Army’s special forces led a military overthrow of the government (2024)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { "Illicit drugs": { "text": "NA" } } }