{ "Introduction": { "Background": { "text": "

Once the seat of Viking raiders and later a major north European power, Denmark has evolved into a modern, prosperous nation that is participating in the general political and economic integration of Europe. It joined NATO in 1949 and the EEC (now the EU) in 1973. However, the country has opted out of certain elements of the EU's Maastricht Treaty, including the European Economic and Monetary Union, and justice and home affairs issues.

" } }, "Geography": { "Location": { "text": "Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, on a peninsula north of Germany (Jutland); also includes several major islands (Sjaelland, Fyn, and Bornholm)" }, "Geographic coordinates": { "text": "56 00 N, 10 00 E" }, "Map references": { "text": "Europe" }, "Area": { "total": { "text": "43,094 sq km" }, "land": { "text": "42,434 sq km" }, "water": { "text": "660 sq km" }, "note": "note: includes the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea and the rest of metropolitan Denmark (the Jutland Peninsula, and the major islands of Sjaelland and Fyn) but excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland" }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly less than twice the size of Massachusetts; about two-thirds the size of West Virginia" }, "Land boundaries": { "total": { "text": "140 km" }, "border countries": { "text": "Germany 140 km" } }, "Coastline": { "text": "7,314 km" }, "Maritime claims": { "territorial sea": { "text": "12 nm" }, "contiguous zone": { "text": "24 nm" }, "exclusive economic zone": { "text": "200 nm" }, "continental shelf": { "text": "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation" } }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers" }, "Terrain": { "text": "low and flat to gently rolling plains" }, "Elevation": { "highest point": { "text": "Store Mollehoj 171 m" }, "lowest point": { "text": "Lammefjord -7 m" }, "mean elevation": { "text": "34 m" } }, "Natural resources": { "text": "petroleum, natural gas, fish, arable land, salt, limestone, chalk, stone, gravel and sand" }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { "text": "63.4% (2018 est.)" }, "agricultural land: arable land": { "text": "arable land: 58.9% (2018 est.)" }, "agricultural land: permanent crops": { "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)" }, "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { "text": "permanent pasture: 4.4% (2018 est.)" }, "forest": { "text": "12.9% (2018 est.)" }, "other": { "text": "23.7% (2018 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { "text": "2,360 sq km (2020)" }, "Population distribution": { "text": "with excellent access to the North Sea, Skagerrak, Kattegat, and the Baltic Sea, population centers tend to be along coastal areas, particularly in Copenhagen and the eastern side of the country's mainland" }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes" }, "Geography - note": { "text": "composed of the Jutland Peninsula and a group of more than 400 islands (Danish Archipelago); controls Danish Straits (Skagerrak and Kattegat) linking Baltic and North Seas; about one-quarter of the population lives in greater Copenhagen" } }, "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "5,946,984 (2023 est.)" }, "Nationality": { "noun": { "text": "Dane(s)" }, "adjective": { "text": "Danish" } }, "Ethnic groups": { "text": "Danish (includes Greenlandic (who are predominantly Inuit) and Faroese) 85.6%, Turkish 1.1%, other 13.3% (largest groups are Polish, Syrian, Romanian, German, and Iraqi) (2022 est.)", "note": "note: data represent population by ancestry" }, "Languages": { "Languages": { "text": "Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect), German (small minority); note - English is the predominant second language" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
Verdens Faktabog, den uundværlig kilde til grundlæggende oplysninger. (Danish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." } }, "Religions": { "text": "Evangelical Lutheran (official) 74.7%, Muslim 5.5%, other/none/unspecified (denominations of less than 1% each in descending order of size include Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witness, Serbian Orthodox Christian, Jewish, Baptist, Buddhist, Church of Jesus Christ, Pentecostal, and nondenominational Christian) 19.8% (2019 est.)" }, "Age structure": { "0-14 years": { "text": "16.24% (male 495,887/female 469,976)" }, "15-64 years": { "text": "63.13% (male 1,900,182/female 1,854,222)" }, "65 years and over": { "text": "20.63% (2023 est.) (male 566,363/female 660,354)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { "total dependency ratio": { "text": "57.3" }, "youth dependency ratio": { "text": "25.4" }, "elderly dependency ratio": { "text": "31.9" }, "potential support ratio": { "text": "3.1 (2021 est.)" } }, "Median age": { "total": { "text": "42 years" }, "male": { "text": "40.9 years" }, "female": { "text": "43.1 years (2020 est.)" } }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.44% (2023 est.)" }, "Birth rate": { "text": "11.25 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)" }, "Death rate": { "text": "9.55 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)" }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "2.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)" }, "Population distribution": { "text": "with excellent access to the North Sea, Skagerrak, Kattegat, and the Baltic Sea, population centers tend to be along coastal areas, particularly in Copenhagen and the eastern side of the country's mainland" }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "88.5% of total population (2023)" }, "rate of urbanization": { "text": "0.54% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, "Major urban areas - population": { "text": "1.381 million COPENHAGEN (capital) (2023)" }, "Sex ratio": { "at birth": { "text": "1.07 male(s)/female" }, "0-14 years": { "text": "1.06 male(s)/female" }, "15-64 years": { "text": "1.02 male(s)/female" }, "65 years and over": { "text": "0.86 male(s)/female" }, "total population": { "text": "0.99 male(s)/female (2023 est.)" } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { "text": "29.8 years (2020 est.)" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "5 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, "Infant mortality rate": { "total": { "text": "3 deaths/1,000 live births" }, "male": { "text": "3.44 deaths/1,000 live births" }, "female": { "text": "2.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est.)" } }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { "text": "81.87 years" }, "male": { "text": "79.95 years" }, "female": { "text": "83.91 years (2023 est.)" } }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.77 children born/woman (2023 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { "text": "0.86 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" }, "improved: rural": { "text": "rural: 100% of population" }, "improved: total": { "text": "total: 100% of population" }, "unimproved: urban": { "text": "urban: 0% of population" }, "unimproved: rural": { "text": "rural: 0% of population" }, "unimproved: total": { "text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)" } }, "Current health expenditure": { "text": "10.5% of GDP (2020)" }, "Physicians density": { "text": "4.23 physicians/1,000 population (2018)" }, "Hospital bed density": { "text": "2.6 beds/1,000 population (2019)" }, "Sanitation facility access": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" }, "improved: rural": { "text": "rural: 100% of population" }, "improved: total": { "text": "total: 100% of population" }, "unimproved: urban": { "text": "urban: 0% of population" }, "unimproved: rural": { "text": "rural: 0% of population" }, "unimproved: total": { "text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)" } }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "19.7% (2016)" }, "Alcohol consumption per capita": { "total": { "text": "9.16 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" }, "beer": { "text": "3.42 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" }, "wine": { "text": "4.08 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" }, "spirits": { "text": "1.66 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" }, "other alcohols": { "text": "0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" } }, "Tobacco use": { "total": { "text": "17.5% (2020 est.)" }, "male": { "text": "17.8% (2020 est.)" }, "female": { "text": "17.1% (2020 est.)" } }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "NA" }, "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { "text": "59.6% (2023 est.)" }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "6.4% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, "Literacy": { "total population": { "text": "NA" }, "male": { "text": "NA" }, "female": { "text": "NA" } }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { "text": "19 years" }, "male": { "text": "18 years" }, "female": { "text": "19 years (2020)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { "text": "10.1%" }, "male": { "text": "9.7%" }, "female": { "text": "10.6% (2021 est.)" } } }, "Environment": { "Environment - current issues": { "text": "air pollution, principally from vehicle and power plant emissions; nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the North Sea; drinking and surface water becoming polluted from animal wastes and pesticides; much of country's household and industrial waste is recycled" }, "Environment - international agreements": { "party to": { "text": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling" }, "signed, but not ratified": { "text": "Antarctic-Environmental Protection" } }, "Air pollutants": { "particulate matter emissions": { "text": "10.12 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" }, "carbon dioxide emissions": { "text": "31.79 megatons (2016 est.)" }, "methane emissions": { "text": "6.54 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers" }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { "text": "63.4% (2018 est.)" }, "agricultural land: arable land": { "text": "arable land: 58.9% (2018 est.)" }, "agricultural land: permanent crops": { "text": "permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)" }, "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { "text": "permanent pasture: 4.4% (2018 est.)" }, "forest": { "text": "12.9% (2018 est.)" }, "other": { "text": "23.7% (2018 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "88.5% of total population (2023)" }, "rate of urbanization": { "text": "0.54% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "0.02% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "4.485 million tons (2015 est.)" }, "municipal solid waste recycled annually": { "text": "1,223,060 tons (2015 est.)" }, "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": { "text": "27.3% (2015 est.)" } }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { "text": "400 million cubic meters (2020 est.)" }, "industrial": { "text": "50 million cubic meters (2020 est.)" }, "agricultural": { "text": "530 million cubic meters (2020 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { "text": "6 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)" } }, "Government": { "Country name": { "conventional long form": { "text": "Kingdom of Denmark" }, "conventional short form": { "text": "Denmark" }, "local long form": { "text": "Kongeriget Danmark" }, "local short form": { "text": "Danmark" }, "etymology": { "text": "the name derives from the words \"Dane(s)\" and \"mark\"; the latter referring to a march (borderland) or forest" } }, "Government type": { "text": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy" }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Copenhagen" }, "geographic coordinates": { "text": "55 40 N, 12 35 E" }, "time difference": { "text": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, "daylight saving time": { "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October; note - applies to continental Denmark only, not to its North Atlantic components" }, "etymology": { "text": "name derives from the city's Danish appellation Kobenhavn, meaning \"Merchant's Harbor\"" } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "metropolitan Denmark - 5 regions (regioner, singular - region); Hovedstaden (Capital), Midtjylland (Central Jutland), Nordjylland (North Jutland), Sjaelland (Zealand), Syddanmark (Southern Denmark)" }, "Independence": { "text": "ca. 965 (unified and Christianized under Harald I GORMSSON); 5 June 1849 (became a parliamentary constitutional monarchy)" }, "National holiday": { "text": "Constitution Day, 5 June (1849); note - closest equivalent to a national holiday" }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 5 June 1953" }, "amendments": { "text": "proposed by the Folketing with consent of the government; passage requires approval by the next Folketing following a general election, approval by simple majority vote of at least 40% of voters in a referendum, and assent of the chief of state; changed several times, last in 2009 (Danish Act of Succession)" } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law; judicial review of legislative acts" }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, "Citizenship": { "citizenship by birth": { "text": "no" }, "citizenship by descent only": { "text": "at least one parent must be a citizen of Denmark" }, "dual citizenship recognized": { "text": "yes" }, "residency requirement for naturalization": { "text": "7 years" } }, "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "Queen MARGRETHE II (since 14 January 1972); Heir Apparent Crown Prince FREDERIK (elder son of the monarch, born on 26 May 1968)" }, "head of government": { "text": "Prime Minister Mette FREDERIKSEN (since 27 June 2019)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of State appointed by the monarch" }, "elections/appointments": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch" } }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { "text": "unicameral People's Assembly or Folketing (179 seats, including 2 each representing Greenland and the Faroe Islands; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms unless the Folketing is dissolved earlier)" }, "elections": { "text": "last held on 1 November 2022 (next to be held on 31 October 2026)" }, "election results": { "text": "
1 November 2022: percent of vote by party - SDP 27.5%, V 13.3%, M 9.3%, E 8.1%, DF 2.6%, SLP 3.8%, SF 8.3%, EL 5.1%, C 5.5%, AP 3.3%, NB 3.3%, LA 8.1%; seats by party - SDP 50, V 23, M 16, E 14, DF 5, SLP 7, SF 15, EL 9, C 10, AP 6, NB 6, LA 14; composition - men 101, women 78, percent of women 43.6%" } }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 18 judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "judges appointed by the monarch upon the recommendation of the Minister of Justice, with the advice of the Judicial Appointments Council, a 6-member independent body of judges and lawyers; judges appointed for life with retirement at age 70" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Special Court of Indictment and Revision; 2 High Courts; Maritime and Commercial Court; county courts" } }, "Political parties and leaders": { "text": "The Alternative or AP [Franciska ROSENKILDE]
Conservative People's Party or DKF or C [Soren PAPE POULSEN]
Danish People's Party or DF or O [Morten MESSERSCHMIDT]
Denmark Democrats or E [Inger STOJBERG]
Green Left or SF or F [Pia OLSEN DYHR] (formerly Socialist People's Party or SF or F)
Liberal Alliance or LA or I [Alex VANOPSLAGH]
Liberal Party (Venstre) or V [Jakob ELLEMANN-JENSEN]
Moderates or M [Lars Lokke RASMUSSEN]
New Right Party or NB or D [Ann Pernille VERMUND TVEDE]
Red-Green Alliance (Unity List) or EL [collective leadership, Mai VILLADSEN, spokesperson]
Social Democrats or SDP or A [Mette FREDERIKSEN]
Social Liberal Party or SLP or B [Martin LIDEGAARD]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { "text": "Ambassador Christina Markus LASSEN (since 16 September 2022)" }, "chancery": { "text": "3200 Whitehaven Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" }, "telephone": { "text": "[1] (202) 234-4300" }, "FAX": { "text": "[1] (202) 328-1470" }, "email address and website": { "text": "
wasamb@um.dk

https://usa.um.dk/en" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Chicago, Houston, New York, Silicon Valley (CA)" } }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { "text": "Ambassador Alan LEVENTHAL (since 1 July 2022)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Dag Hammarskjolds Alle 24, 2100 Kobenhavn 0" }, "mailing address": { "text": "5280 Copenhagen Place, Washington DC  20521-5280" }, "telephone": { "text": "[45] 33-41-71-00" }, "FAX": { "text": "[45] 35-43-02-23" }, "email address and website": { "text": "
CopenhagenACS@state.gov

https://dk.usembassy.gov/" } }, "Flag description": { "text": "red with a white cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side; the banner is referred to as the Dannebrog (Danish flag) and is one of the oldest national flags in the world; traditions as to the origin of the flag design vary, but the best known is a legend that the banner fell from the sky during an early-13th century battle; caught up by the Danish king before it ever touched the earth, this heavenly talisman inspired the royal army to victory; in actuality, the flag may derive from a crusade banner or ensign", "note": "note: the shifted cross design element was subsequently adopted by the other Nordic countries of Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, as well as by the Faroe Islands" }, "National symbol(s)": { "text": "lion, mute swan; national colors: red, white" }, "National anthem": { "name": { "text": "\"Der er et yndigt land\" (There is a Lovely Country); \"Kong Christian\" (King Christian)" }, "lyrics/music": { "text": "Adam Gottlob OEHLENSCHLAGER/Hans Ernst KROYER; Johannes EWALD/unknown" }, "note": "note: Denmark has two national anthems with equal status; \"Der er et yndigt land,\" adopted 1844, is a national anthem, while \"Kong Christian,\" adopted 1780, serves as both a national and royal anthem; \"Kong Christian\" is also known as \"Kong Christian stod ved hojen mast\" (King Christian Stood by the Lofty Mast) and \"Kongesangen\" (The King's Anthem); within Denmark, the royal anthem is played only when royalty is present and is usually followed by the national anthem; when royalty is not present, only the national anthem is performed; outside Denmark, the royal anthem is played, unless the national anthem is requested" }, "National heritage": { "total World Heritage Sites": { "text": "10 (7 cultural, 3 natural); note - includes three sites in Greenland" }, "selected World Heritage Site locales": { "text": "Denmark: Mounds, Runic Stones, and Church at Jelling (c); Roskilde Cathedral (c); Kronborg Castle (c); Wadden Sea (n); Stevns Klint (n); Christiansfeld, Moravian Church Settlement (c); Par force hunting landscape, North Zealand (c); Greenland: Ilulissat Icefjord (n); Kujataa, Norse and Inuit Farming (c); Aasivissuit–Nipisat, Inuit Hunting Ground (c)" } } }, "Economy": { "Economic overview": { "text": "longstanding EU leader; global environmental regulatory innovator; diversified trade-based economy, dominated by its services sector; increased government spending but retaining budget surpluses; increasing taxes and innovating emissions tax incentives" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { "text": "$339.472 billion (2021 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { "text": "$323.751 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$330.34 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { "text": "4.86% (2021 est.)" }, "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { "text": "-1.99% (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "1.49% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2021": { "text": "$58,000 (2021 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$55,500 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$56,800 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$350.037 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { "text": "1.85% (2021 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { "text": "0.42% (2020 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "0.76% (2019 est.)" } }, "Credit ratings": { "Fitch rating": { "text": "AAA (2003)" }, "Moody's rating": { "text": "Aaa (1999)" }, "Standard & Poors rating": { "text": "AAA (2001)" }, "note": "note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained." }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "1.3% (2017 est.)" }, "industry": { "text": "22.9% (2017 est.)" }, "services": { "text": "75.8% (2017 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "48% (2017 est.)" }, "government consumption": { "text": "25.2% (2017 est.)" }, "investment in fixed capital": { "text": "20% (2017 est.)" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "-0.2% (2017 est.)" }, "exports of goods and services": { "text": "54.5% (2017 est.)" }, "imports of goods and services": { "text": "-47.5% (2017 est.)" } }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, wheat, barley, potatoes, sugar beets, pork, rye, rapeseed, oats, poultry" }, "Industries": { "text": "wind turbines, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment, shipbuilding and refurbishment, iron, steel, nonferrous metals, chemicals, food processing, machinery and transportation equipment, textiles and clothing, electronics, construction, furniture and other wood products" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { "text": "5.25% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "3.051 million (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { "text": "2.4%" }, "industry": { "text": "18.3%" }, "services": { "text": "79.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "Unemployment rate": { "Unemployment rate 2021": { "text": "4.8% (2021 est.)" }, "Unemployment rate 2020": { "text": "5.64% (2020 est.)" }, "Unemployment rate 2019": { "text": "5.02% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { "text": "10.1%" }, "male": { "text": "9.7%" }, "female": { "text": "10.6% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "12.5% (2018 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019": { "text": "27.7 (2019 est.)" } }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { "text": "11.5% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { "text": "3.4% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { "lowest 10%": { "text": "9%" }, "highest 10%": { "text": "23.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "Budget": { "revenues": { "text": "$185.645 billion (2019 est.)" }, "expenditures": { "text": "$172.408 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "1.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "35.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt 2016": { "text": "37.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { "text": "34.07% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { "Current account balance 2021": { "text": "$32.465 billion (2021 est.)" }, "Current account balance 2020": { "text": "$28.952 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Current account balance 2019": { "text": "$30.55 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { "Exports 2021": { "text": "$234.262 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2020": { "text": "$195.729 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2019": { "text": "$205.019 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Germany 14%, United States 11%, Sweden 10%, United Kingdom 7%, Norway 6%, Netherlands 5%, China 5% (2019)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "packaged medicines, pork, refined petroleum, electric generators, cheese (2021)" }, "Imports": { "Imports 2021": { "text": "$208.121 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2020": { "text": "$172.868 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { "text": "$179.356 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { "text": "Germany 21%, Sweden 11%, Netherlands 8%, China 7% (2019)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "cars, refined petroleum, packaged medicines, crude petroleum, broadcasting equipment (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { "text": "$82.236 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { "text": "$72.823 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { "text": "$66.836 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { "Debt - external 2019": { "text": "$504.808 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Debt - external 2018": { "text": "$517.972 billion (2018 est.)" } }, "Exchange rates": { "Currency": { "text": "Danish kroner (DKK) per US dollar -" }, "Exchange rates 2021": { "text": "6.287 (2021 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2020": { "text": "6.542 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { "text": "6.669 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { "text": "6.315 (2018 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2017": { "text": "6.603 (2017 est.)" } } }, "Energy": { "Electricity access": { "electrification - total population": { "text": "100% (2020)" } }, "Electricity": { "installed generating capacity": { "text": "17.655 million kW (2020 est.)" }, "consumption": { "text": "33.081 billion kWh (2020 est.)" }, "exports": { "text": "12.694 billion kWh (2020 est.)" }, "imports": { "text": "18.891 billion kWh (2020 est.)" }, "transmission/distribution losses": { "text": "1.573 billion kWh (2020 est.)" } }, "Electricity generation sources": { "fossil fuels": { "text": "14.8% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" }, "nuclear": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" }, "solar": { "text": "4.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" }, "wind": { "text": "57.5% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" }, "hydroelectricity": { "text": "0.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" }, "tide and wave": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" }, "geothermal": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" }, "biomass and waste": { "text": "23.5% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "0 metric tons (2020 est.)" }, "consumption": { "text": "1.249 million metric tons (2020 est.)" }, "exports": { "text": "194,000 metric tons (2020 est.)" }, "imports": { "text": "1.122 million metric tons (2020 est.)" }, "proven reserves": { "text": "0 metric tons (2019 est.)" } }, "Petroleum": { "total petroleum production": { "text": "69,000 bbl/day (2021 est.)" }, "refined petroleum consumption": { "text": "165,400 bbl/day (2019 est.)" }, "crude oil and lease condensate exports": { "text": "56,700 bbl/day (2018 est.)" }, "crude oil and lease condensate imports": { "text": "95,200 bbl/day (2018 est.)" }, "crude oil estimated reserves": { "text": "441 million barrels (2021 est.)" } }, "Refined petroleum products - production": { "text": "183,900 bbl/day (2017 est.)" }, "Refined petroleum products - exports": { "text": "133,700 bbl/day (2017 est.)" }, "Refined petroleum products - imports": { "text": "109,700 bbl/day (2017 est.)" }, "Natural gas": { "production": { "text": "1.315 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)" }, "consumption": { "text": "2.188 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)" }, "exports": { "text": "1.701 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)" }, "imports": { "text": "2.646 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)" }, "proven reserves": { "text": "29.534 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)" } }, "Carbon dioxide emissions": { "total emissions": { "text": "33.85 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)" }, "from coal and metallurgical coke": { "text": "3.455 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)" }, "from petroleum and other liquids": { "text": "24.621 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)" }, "from consumed natural gas": { "text": "5.775 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)" } }, "Energy consumption per capita": { "Total energy consumption per capita 2019": { "text": "124.163 million Btu/person (2019 est.)" } } }, "Communications": { "Telephones - fixed lines": { "total subscriptions": { "text": "706,604 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { "text": "12 (2021 est.)" } }, "Telephones - mobile cellular": { "total subscriptions": { "text": "7,287,875 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { "text": "124 (2021 est.)" } }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { "text": "Denmark has one of the highest broadband subscription rates globally, with a near universal availability of super-fast connections; extensive cable and DSL infrastructure has been supported by a progressive regulatory regime which has encouraged operator access to both copper and fiber networks; fiber networks have a fast-growing footprint, while a number of community and metropolitan schemes have supplemented their own commitments to build out fiber nationally; a number of wholesale fiber schemes have also added to the wider availability of fiber broadband; the reach of LTE infrastructure is comprehensive, while the Mobile Network Operators by mid-2021 had also provided about 90% population coverage with 5G; services based on 5G were initially launched using trial 3.5GHz licenses; the multi-spectrum auction held in April 2021 has enabled them to improve the resilience and capacity of 5G; all MNOs are engaged in closing down their 3G networks and repurposing spectrum for LTE and 5G use (2021)" }, "domestic": { "text": "fixed-line roughly 12 per 100 and about 124 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2021)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 45; landing points for the NSC, COBRAcable, CANTAT-3, DANICE, Havfrue/AEC-2, TAT-14m Denmark-Norway-5 & 6, Skagenfiber West & East, GC1, GC2, GC3, GC-KPN, Kattegat 1 & 2 & 3, Energinet Lyngsa-Laeso, Energinet Laeso-Varberg, Fehmarn Balt, Baltica, German-Denmark 2 & 3, Ronne-Rodvig, Denmark-Sweden 15 & 16 & 17 & 18, IP-Only Denmark-Sweden, Scandinavian South, Scandinavian Ring North, Danica North, 34 series of fiber-optic submarine cables link Denmark with Canada, Faroe Islands, Germany, Iceland, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden, US, and UK; satellite earth stations - 18 (6 Intelsat, 10 Eutelsat, 1 Orion, 1 Inmarsat (Blaavand-Atlantic-East)); note - the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) share the Danish earth station and the Eik, Norway, station for worldwide Inmarsat access (2019)" } }, "Broadcast media": { "text": "strong public-sector TV presence with state-owned Danmarks Radio (DR) operating 6 channels and publicly owned TV2 operating roughly a half-dozen channels; broadcasts of privately owned stations are available via satellite and cable feed; DR operates 4 nationwide FM radio stations, 10 digital audio broadcasting stations, and 14 web-based radio stations; 140 commercial and 187 community (non-commercial) radio stations (2019)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".dk" }, "Internet users": { "total": { "text": "5.841 million (2021 est.)" }, "percent of population": { "text": "99% (2021 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { "text": "2,590,282 (2020 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { "text": "45 (2020 est.)" } } }, "Transportation": { "National air transport system": { "number of registered air carriers": { "text": "10 (2020)" }, "inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": { "text": "76" }, "annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers": { "text": "582,011 (2015)" }, "annual freight traffic on registered air carriers": { "text": "mt-km" } }, "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": { "text": "OY" }, "Airports": { "text": "80 (2021)" }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { "text": "28" }, "note": "note: paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)" }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { "text": "52" }, "note": "note: unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "1,536 km gas, 330 km oil (2015)" }, "Railways": { "total": { "text": "2,682 km (2020) 876 km electrified" } }, "Roadways": { "total": { "text": "74,558 km (2017)" }, "paved": { "text": "74,558 km (2017) (includes 1,205 km of expressways)" } }, "Waterways": { "text": "400 km (2010)" }, "Merchant marine": { "total": { "text": "731" }, "by type": { "text": "bulk carrier 13, container ship 137, general cargo 70, oil tanker 118, other 393 (2022)" } }, "Ports and terminals": { "major seaport(s)": { "text": "Baltic Sea - Aarhus, Copenhagen, Fredericia, Kalundborg" }, "cruise port(s)": { "text": "Copenhagen" }, "river port(s)": { "text": "Aalborg (Langerak)" }, "dry bulk cargo port(s)": { "text": "Ensted (coal)" }, "note": "North Sea - Esbjerg," }, "Transportation - note": { "text": "Denmark operates icebreakers in the Baltic Sea and Danish Straits; currently operating three PC 5 or 6 class light icebreakers
note - PC indicates a Polar Class vessel: PC 5 - year-round operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 70-120 cm); PC 6 - summer/autumn operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 30-70 cm)" } }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { "text": "Danish Armed Forces (Forsvaret): Royal Danish Army, Royal Danish Navy, Royal Danish Air Force, Danish Home Guard (Reserves) (2023)", "note": "note: the Danish military maintains a Joint Arctic Command with the mission of protecting the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Denmark in the Arctic Region, including the Faroe Islands and Greenland; the command also conducts maritime pollution prevention, environmental monitoring, fishery inspections, search and rescue, hydrographical surveys, and provides support to governmental science missions" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2022": { "text": "1.4% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2021": { "text": "1.4% of GDP (2021)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { "text": "1.4% of GDP (2020)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.3% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { "text": "1.3% of GDP (2018)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { "text": "approximately 17,000 active duty personnel (10,000 Army; 3,500 Navy; 3,500 Air Force) (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the Danish military inventory is comprised of a mix of modern European, US, and domestically produced equipment; the US has been the largest supplier of military equipment to Denmark in recent years; the Danish defense industry is active in the production of naval vessels, defense electronics, and subcomponents of larger weapons systems, such as the US F-35 fighter aircraft (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscripts serve an initial training period that varies from 4 to 12 months depending on specialization; former conscripts are assigned to mobilization units; women eligible to volunteer for military service; in addition to full time employment, the Danish military offers reserve contracts in all three branches (2023)", "note": "note 1: women have been able serve in all military occupations, including combat arms, since 1988; as of 2019, they made up about 8% of the military's full-time personnel; conscientious objectors can choose to instead serve 6 months in a non-military position, for example in Beredskabsstyrelsen (dealing with non-military disasters like fires, flood, pollution, etc.) or overseas foreign aid work

note 2: foreigners who have lived in Denmark for at least 1 year or in another EU country for 6 years may apply to join the armed forces, provided they are fluent in Danish 

note 2: Denmark has had compulsory military service since 1849" }, "Military deployments": { "text": "approximately 225 Estonia (NATO); approximately 800 Latvia (NATO) (2023)", "note": "note: in response to Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Denmark, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe" }, "Military - note": { "text": "Denmark is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949

Denmark is a member of the EU and voted to join the EU’s Common Defense and Security Policy in a June 2022 referendum

the Danish Armed Forces cooperate closely with the militaries of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; areas of cooperation include armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations; NORDEFCO was established in 2009

in 2018, the Defense Ministers of Belgium, Denmark and the Netherlands signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for the creation of a Composite Special Operations Component Command (C-SOCC); the C-SOCC was declared operational in December 2020 (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { "Terrorist group(s)": { "text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force", "note": "note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T" } }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { "text": "

Iceland, the UK, and Ireland dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm; sovereignty dispute with Canada over Hans Island in the Kennedy Channel between Ellesmere Island and Greenland; Denmark (Greenland) and Norway have made submissions to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) and Russia is collecting additional data to augment its 2001 CLCS submission

" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { "text": "19,424 (Syria), 5,885 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2022); 41,560 (Ukraine) (as of 10 April 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "11,644 (2022)" } } } }