{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "The UK established a protectorate over the Solomon Islands in the 1890s. Some of the bitterest fighting of World War II occurred on this archipelago and the Guadalcanal Campaign (August 1942-February 1943) proved a turning point in the Pacific War, since after the operation the Japanese lost their strategic initiative and remained on the defensive until thier final defeat in 1945. Self-government for the Solomon Islands came in 1976 and independence two years later. Ethnic violence, government malfeasance, endemic crime, and a narrow economic base have undermined stability and civil society. In June 2003, then Prime Minister Sir Allan KEMAKEZA sought the assistance of Australia in reestablishing law and order; the following month, an Australian-led multinational force arrived to restore peace and disarm ethnic militias. The Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI), which ended in June 2017, was generally effective in restoring law and order and rebuilding government institutions."
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Papua New Guinea"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "8 00 S, 159 00 E"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "Oceania"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total": {
        "text": "28,896 sq km"
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "27,986 sq km"
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "910 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "slightly smaller than Maryland"
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "total": {
        "text": "0 km"
      }
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "5,313 km"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "territorial sea": {
        "text": "12 nm"
      },
      "exclusive economic zone": {
        "text": "200 nm"
      },
      "continental shelf": {
        "text": "200 nm"
      },
      "note": "measured from claimed archipelagic baselines"
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical monsoon; few temperature and weather extremes"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "mostly rugged mountains with some low coral atolls"
    },
    "Elevation": {
      "highest point": {
        "text": "Mount Popomanaseu 2,335 m"
      },
      "lowest point": {
        "text": "Pacific Ocean 0 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "fish, forests, gold, bauxite, phosphates, lead, zinc, nickel"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "3.9% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 0.7% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 2.9% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 0.3% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "78.9% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "17.2% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Irrigated land": {
      "text": "0 sq km NA (2012)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "most of the population lives along the coastal regions; about one in five live in urban areas, and of these some two-thirds reside in Honiara, the largest town and chief port"
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "<p>tropical cyclones, but rarely destructive; geologically active region with frequent earthquakes, tremors, and volcanic activity; tsunamis</p><p><strong>volcanism:</strong> Tinakula (851 m) has frequent eruption activity, while an eruption of Savo (485 m) could affect the capital Honiara on nearby Guadalcanal</p>"
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "strategic location on sea routes between the South Pacific Ocean, the Solomon Sea, and the Coral Sea"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Population": {
      "text": "690,598 (July 2021 est.)"
    },
    "Nationality": {
      "noun": {
        "text": "Solomon Islander(s)"
      },
      "adjective": {
        "text": "Solomon Islander"
      }
    },
    "Ethnic groups": {
      "text": "Melanesian 95.3%, Polynesian 3.1%, Micronesian 1.2%, other 0.3% (2009 est.)"
    },
    "Languages": {
      "text": "Melanesian pidgin (in much of the country is lingua franca), English (official but spoken by only 1%-2% of the population), 120 indigenous languages"
    },
    "Religions": {
      "text": "Protestant 73.4% (Church of Melanesia 31.9%, South Sea Evangelical 17.1%, Seventh Day Adventist 11.7%, United Church 10.1%, Christian Fellowship Church 2.5%), Roman Catholic 19.6%, other Christian 2.9%, other 4%, unspecified 0.1% (2009 est.)"
    },
    "Age structure": {
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "32.99% (male 116,397/female 109,604)"
      },
      "15-24 years": {
        "text": "19.82% (male 69,914/female 65,874)"
      },
      "25-54 years": {
        "text": "37.64% (male 131,201/female 126,681)"
      },
      "55-64 years": {
        "text": "5.04% (male 17,844/female 16,704)"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "4.51% (male 14,461/female 16,417) (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Dependency ratios": {
      "total dependency ratio": {
        "text": "77.6"
      },
      "youth dependency ratio": {
        "text": "71.1"
      },
      "elderly dependency ratio": {
        "text": "6.5"
      },
      "potential support ratio": {
        "text": "15.3 (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Median age": {
      "total": {
        "text": "23.5 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "23.2 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "23.7 years (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "1.75% (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Birth rate": {
      "text": "23.07 births/1,000 population (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Death rate": {
      "text": "3.97 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Net migration rate": {
      "text": "-1.57 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "most of the population lives along the coastal regions; about one in five live in urban areas, and of these some two-thirds reside in Honiara, the largest town and chief port"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "25.1% of total population (2021)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "3.57% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major urban areas - population": {
      "text": "82,000 HONIARA (capital) (2018)"
    },
    "Sex ratio": {
      "at birth": {
        "text": "1.05 male(s)/female"
      },
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "1.06 male(s)/female"
      },
      "15-24 years": {
        "text": "1.06 male(s)/female"
      },
      "25-54 years": {
        "text": "1.04 male(s)/female"
      },
      "55-64 years": {
        "text": "1.07 male(s)/female"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "0.88 male(s)/female"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "1.04 male(s)/female (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Mother's mean age at first birth": {
      "text": "22.6 years (2015 est.)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-29",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-29"
    },
    "Maternal mortality ratio": {
      "text": "104 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Infant mortality rate": {
      "total": {
        "text": "20.52 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "24.49 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "16.36 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Life expectancy at birth": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "76.45 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "73.78 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "79.25 years (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total fertility rate": {
      "text": "2.92 children born/woman (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
      "text": "29.3% (2015)"
    },
    "Drinking water source": {
      "improved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 95% of population"
      },
      "improved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 67.1% of population"
      },
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 73.6% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 5% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 32.9% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 26.4% of population (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Current Health Expenditure": {
      "text": "4.5% (2018)"
    },
    "Physicians density": {
      "text": "0.19 physicians/1,000 population (2016)"
    },
    "Hospital bed density": {
      "text": "1.4 beds/1,000 population (2012)"
    },
    "Sanitation facility access": {
      "improved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 95.6% of population"
      },
      "improved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 22% of population"
      },
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 39.1% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 4.4% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 78% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 60.9% of population (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Major infectious diseases": {
      "degree of risk": {
        "text": "high (2020)"
      },
      "food or waterborne diseases": {
        "text": "bacterial diarrhea"
      },
      "vectorborne diseases": {
        "text": "malaria"
      }
    },
    "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "22.5% (2016)"
    },
    "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
      "text": "16.2% (2015)"
    },
    "Education expenditures": {
      "text": "9.9% of GDP (2010)"
    },
    "Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": {
      "total": {
        "text": "1.3%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "1%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "1.6% (2013)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Environment": {
    "Environment - current issues": {
      "text": "deforestation; soil erosion; many of the surrounding coral reefs are dead or dying; effects of climate change and rising sea levels"
    },
    "Environment - international agreements": {
      "party to": {
        "text": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling"
      },
      "signed, but not ratified": {
        "text": "Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban"
      }
    },
    "Air pollutants": {
      "particulate matter emissions": {
        "text": "10.67 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
      },
      "carbon dioxide emissions": {
        "text": "0.17 megatons (2016 est.)"
      },
      "methane emissions": {
        "text": "0.43 megatons (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total renewable water resources": {
      "text": "44.7 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical monsoon; few temperature and weather extremes"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "3.9% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 0.7% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 2.9% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 0.3% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "78.9% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "17.2% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Revenue from forest resources": {
      "forest revenues": {
        "text": "20.27% of GDP (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Revenue from coal": {
      "coal revenues": {
        "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "25.1% of total population (2021)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "3.57% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major infectious diseases": {
      "degree of risk": {
        "text": "high (2020)"
      },
      "food or waterborne diseases": {
        "text": "bacterial diarrhea"
      },
      "vectorborne diseases": {
        "text": "malaria"
      }
    },
    "Waste and recycling": {
      "municipal solid waste generated annually": {
        "text": "179,972 tons (2013 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "none"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "Solomon Islands"
      },
      "local long form": {
        "text": "none"
      },
      "local short form": {
        "text": "Solomon Islands"
      },
      "former": {
        "text": "British Solomon Islands"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "Spanish explorer Alvaro de MENDANA named the isles in 1568 after the wealthy biblical King SOLOMON in the mistaken belief that the islands contained great riches"
      }
    },
    "Government type": {
      "text": "parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm"
    },
    "Capital": {
      "name": {
        "text": "Honiara"
      },
      "geographic coordinates": {
        "text": "9 26 S, 159 57 E"
      },
      "time difference": {
        "text": "UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> the name derives from \"nagho ni ara,\" which in one of the Guadalcanal languages roughly translates as \"facing the eastern wind\""
    },
    "Administrative divisions": {
      "text": "9 provinces and 1 city*; Central, Choiseul, Guadalcanal, Honiara*, Isabel, Makira and Ulawa, Malaita, Rennell and Bellona, Temotu, Western"
    },
    "Independence": {
      "text": "7 July 1978 (from the UK)"
    },
    "National holiday": {
      "text": "Independence Day, 7 July (1978)"
    },
    "Constitution": {
      "history": {
        "text": "adopted 31 May 1978, effective 7 July 1978; note - in late 2017, provincial leaders agreed to adopt a new federal constitution, with passage&nbsp;expected in 2018, but it has been postponed indefinitely"
      },
      "amendments": {
        "text": "proposed by the National Parliament; passage of constitutional sections, including those on fundamental rights and freedoms, the legal system, Parliament, alteration of the constitution and the ombudsman, requires three-fourths majority vote by Parliament and assent of the governor general; passage of other amendments requires two-thirds majority vote and assent of the governor general; amended several times, last in 2018; note - a new constitution was drafted in mid-2009 and the latest version drafted in 2013"
      }
    },
    "Legal system": {
      "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and customary law"
    },
    "International law organization participation": {
      "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt"
    },
    "Citizenship": {
      "citizenship by birth": {
        "text": "no"
      },
      "citizenship by descent only": {
        "text": "at least one parent must be a citizen of the Solomon Islands"
      },
      "dual citizenship recognized": {
        "text": "no"
      },
      "residency requirement for naturalization": {
        "text": "7 years"
      }
    },
    "Suffrage": {
      "text": "21 years of age; universal"
    },
    "Executive branch": {
      "chief of state": {
        "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General David VUNAGI (since&nbsp;8 July 2019)"
      },
      "head of government": {
        "text": "Prime Minister Rick HOU (since 16 November 2017)"
      },
      "cabinet": {
        "text": "Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister"
      },
      "elections/appointments": {
        "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the National Parliament for up to 5 years (eligible for a second term); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by the National Parliament; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister from among members of the National Parliament"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "Manasseh SOGAVARE (independent) defeated in no-confidence vote on 6 November 2017; Rick HOU elected prime minister on 15 November 2017"
      }
    },
    "Legislative branch": {
      "description": {
        "text": "unicameral National Parliament (50 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)"
      },
      "elections": {
        "text": "last held on 3 April 2019 (next to be held in 2023)"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "percent of vote by party - UDP 10.7%, DAP 7.8%, PAP 4.4%, other 20.8%, independent 56.3%; seats by party - DAP 7, UDP 5, PAP 3, KPSI 1, SIPFP 1, SIPRA 1, independent 32; composition - men 49, women 1, percent of women 2%"
      }
    },
    "Judicial branch": {
      "highest courts": {
        "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and ex officio members including the High Court chief justice and its puisne judges); High Court (consists of the chief justice and puisne judges, as prescribed by the National Parliament)"
      },
      "judge selection and term of office": {
        "text": "Court of Appeal and High Court president, chief justices, and puisne judges appointed by the governor general upon recommendation of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission, chaired by the chief justice and includes 5 members, mostly judicial officials and legal professionals; all judges serve until retirement at age 60"
      },
      "subordinate courts": {
        "text": "Magistrates' Courts; Customary Land Appeal Court; local courts"
      }
    },
    "Political parties and leaders": {
      "text": "Democratic Alliance Party or DAP [Steve ABANA]<br>Kadere Party of Solomon Islands or KPSI [Peter BOYERS]<br>People's Alliance Party or PAP [Nathaniel WAENA]<br>Solomon Islands People First Party or SIPFP [Dr. Jimmie RODGERS]<br>Solomon Islands Party for Rural Advancement or SIPRA [Manasseh MAELANGA]<br>United Democratic Party or UDP [Sir Thomas Ko CHAN]<br><br><strong>note:</strong> in general, Solomon Islands politics is characterized by fluid coalitions",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> in general, Solomon Islands politics is characterized by fluid coalitions"
    },
    "International organization participation": {
      "text": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, EITI (candidate country), ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, ITU, MIGA, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Janice MOSE"
      },
      "chancery": {
        "text": "800 Second Avenue, Suite 400L, New York, NY 10017"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[1] (212) 599-6192, 6193"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[1] (212) 661-8925"
      }
    },
    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
      "embassy": {
        "text": "the US does not have an embassy in the Solomon Islands; the US Ambassador to Papua New Guinea is accredited to the Solomon Islands"
      }
    },
    "Flag description": {
      "text": "divided diagonally by a thin yellow stripe from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is blue with five white five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern; the lower triangle is green; blue represents the ocean, green the land, and yellow sunshine; the five stars stand for the five main island groups of the Solomon Islands"
    },
    "National symbol(s)": {
      "text": "national colors: blue, yellow, green, white"
    },
    "National anthem": {
      "name": {
        "text": "God Save Our Solomon Islands"
      },
      "lyrics/music": {
        "text": "Panapasa BALEKANA and Matila BALEKANA/Panapasa BALEKANA"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1978"
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
    "Economic overview": {
      "text": "The bulk of the population depends on agriculture, fishing, and forestry for at least part of its livelihood. Most manufactured goods and petroleum products must be imported. The islands are rich in undeveloped mineral resources such as lead, zinc, nickel, and gold. Prior to the arrival of The Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI), severe ethnic violence, the closure of key businesses, and an empty government treasury culminated in economic collapse. RAMSI's efforts, which concluded in Jun 2017, to restore law and order and economic stability have led to modest growth as the economy rebuilds."
    },
    "Real GDP growth rate": {
      "Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
        "text": "3.5% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2016": {
        "text": "3.5% (2016 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2015": {
        "text": "2.5% (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
        "text": "0.5% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": {
        "text": "0.5% (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Credit ratings": {
      "Moody's rating": {
        "text": "B3 (2015)"
      }
    },
    "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
        "text": "$1.783 billion (2019 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
        "text": "$1.762 billion (2018 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": {
        "text": "$1.695 billion (2017 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
    },
    "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
      "text": "$1.298 billion (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Real GDP per capita": {
      "Real GDP per capita 2019": {
        "text": "$2,663 (2019 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2018": {
        "text": "$2,700 (2018 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2017": {
        "text": "$2,666 (2017 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
    },
    "Gross national saving": {
      "Gross national saving 2017": {
        "text": "13.1% of GDP (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Gross national saving 2016": {
        "text": "15.2% of GDP (2016 est.)"
      },
      "Gross national saving 2015": {
        "text": "14.5% of GDP (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "34.3% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "7.6% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "58.1% (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "GDP - composition, by end use": {
      "household consumption": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "government consumption": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "investment in fixed capital": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "investment in inventories": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "exports of goods and services": {
        "text": "25.8% (2011 est.)"
      },
      "imports of goods and services": {
        "text": "-49.6% (2011 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": {
      "Overall score": {
        "text": "55.3 (2020)"
      },
      "Starting a Business score": {
        "text": "85.6 (2020)"
      },
      "Trading score": {
        "text": "53.4 (2020)"
      },
      "Enforcement score": {
        "text": "43.5 (2020)"
      }
    },
    "Agricultural products": {
      "text": "oil palm fruit, sweet potatoes, coconuts, taro, yams, fruit, pulses nes, vegetables, cocoa, cassava"
    },
    "Industries": {
      "text": "fish (tuna), mining, timber"
    },
    "Industrial production growth rate": {
      "text": "3.6% (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force": {
      "text": "202,500 (2007 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force - by occupation": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "75%"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "5%"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "20% (2000 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Unemployment rate": {
      "text": "<p>NA</p>"
    },
    "Population below poverty line": {
      "text": "12.7% (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
      "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2013": {
        "text": "37.1 (2013 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
      "lowest 10%": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "highest 10%": {
        "text": "NA"
      }
    },
    "Budget": {
      "revenues": {
        "text": "532.5 million (2017 est.)"
      },
      "expenditures": {
        "text": "570.5 million (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Taxes and other revenues": {
      "text": "41% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
      "text": "-2.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Public debt": {
      "Public debt 2017": {
        "text": "9.4% of GDP (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Public debt 2016": {
        "text": "7.9% of GDP (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Fiscal year": {
      "text": "calendar year"
    },
    "Current account balance": {
      "Current account balance 2017": {
        "text": "-$54 million (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Current account balance 2016": {
        "text": "-$49 million (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Exports": {
      "Exports 2017": {
        "text": "$468.6 million (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Exports 2016": {
        "text": "$419.9 million (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Exports - partners": {
      "text": "China 65%, Italy 9%, India 6% (2019)"
    },
    "Exports - commodities": {
      "text": "lumber, fish, aluminum, palm oil, cocoa beans (2019)"
    },
    "Imports": {
      "Imports 2017": {
        "text": "$462.1 million (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Imports 2016": {
        "text": "$419.3 million (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Imports - partners": {
      "text": "China 24%, Australia 13%, South Korea 12%, Singapore 12%, Malaysia 10% (2019)"
    },
    "Imports - commodities": {
      "text": "refined petroleum, fish, insulated wiring, broadcasting equipment, excavation machinery (2019)"
    },
    "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": {
        "text": "$0 (31 December 2017 est.)"
      },
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": {
        "text": "$421 million (31 December 2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Debt - external": {
      "Debt - external 31 December 2017": {
        "text": "$757 million (31 December 2017 est.)"
      },
      "Debt - external 31 December 2016": {
        "text": "$643 million (31 December 2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Exchange rates": {
      "currency": {
        "text": "Solomon Islands dollars (SBD) per US dollar -"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2020": {
        "text": "8.06126 (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2019": {
        "text": "8.10373 (2019 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2018": {
        "text": "8.01282 (2018 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2014": {
        "text": "7.9147 (2014 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2013": {
        "text": "7.3754 (2013 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Energy": {
    "Electricity access": {
      "electrification - total population": {
        "text": "66.7% (2018)"
      },
      "electrification - urban areas": {
        "text": "76.7% (2018)"
      },
      "electrification - rural areas": {
        "text": "63.5% (2018)"
      }
    },
    "Electricity - production": {
      "text": "103 million kWh (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - consumption": {
      "text": "95.79 million kWh (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - exports": {
      "text": "0 kWh (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - imports": {
      "text": "0 kWh (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - installed generating capacity": {
      "text": "38,000 kW (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from fossil fuels": {
      "text": "92% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from hydroelectric plants": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from other renewable sources": {
      "text": "8% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - production": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2018 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - exports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - imports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - proved reserves": {
      "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2018 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - production": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - consumption": {
      "text": "1,600 bbl/day (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - exports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - imports": {
      "text": "1,577 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - production": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - consumption": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - exports": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - imports": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - proved reserves": {
      "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Communications": {
    "Telephones - fixed lines": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "7,104"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "1.07 (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephones - mobile cellular": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "478,116"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "71.75 (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telecommunication systems": {
      "general assessment": {
        "text": "Internet penetration has reached 20%; 3G and&nbsp;4G LTE mobile network expansions, investment in mobile services in the region; otherwise 3G and satellite services for communication and Internet access; increase in broadband subscriptions; the launch of the Kacific-1 satellite in 2019 and the Coral Sea Cable System have vastly improved the telecom sector (2020)"
      },
      "domestic": {
        "text": "fixed-line is 1 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular telephone density is about 71 per 100 persons; domestic cable system to extend to key major islands (2019)"
      },
      "international": {
        "text": "country code - 677; landing points for the CSCS and ICNS2 submarine cables providing connectivity from Solomon Islands, to PNG, Vanuatu and Australia; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2019)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and the consequent restriction on disposable incomes; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home became evident, and received some support from governments"
    },
    "Broadcast media": {
      "text": "Solomon Islands Broadcasting Corporation (SIBC) does not broadcast television; multi-channel pay-TV is available; SIBC operates 2 national radio stations and 2 provincial stations; there are 2 local commercial radio stations; Radio Australia is available via satellite feed (since 2009) (2019)"
    },
    "Internet country code": {
      "text": ".sb"
    },
    "Internet users": {
      "total": {
        "text": "78,686"
      },
      "percent of population": {
        "text": "11.92% (July 2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": {
      "total": {
        "text": "1,045"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "less than 1 (2018 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "National air transport system": {
      "number of registered air carriers": {
        "text": "1 (2020)"
      },
      "inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
        "text": "6"
      },
      "annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers": {
        "text": "427,806 (2018)"
      },
      "annual freight traffic on registered air carriers": {
        "text": "3.84 million mt-km (2018)"
      }
    },
    "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
      "text": "H4"
    },
    "Airports": {
      "total": {
        "text": "36 (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Airports - with paved runways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "1 (2019)"
      },
      "1,524 to 2,437 m": {
        "text": "1"
      }
    },
    "Airports - with unpaved runways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "35 (2013)"
      },
      "1,524 to 2,437 m": {
        "text": "1 (2013)"
      },
      "914 to 1,523 m": {
        "text": "10 (2013)"
      },
      "under 914 m": {
        "text": "24 (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Heliports": {
      "text": "3 (2013)"
    },
    "Roadways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "1,390 km (2011)"
      },
      "paved": {
        "text": "34 km (2011)"
      },
      "unpaved": {
        "text": "1,356 km (2011)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes 920 km of private plantation roads"
    },
    "Merchant marine": {
      "total": {
        "text": "24"
      },
      "by type": {
        "text": "general cargo 8, oil tanker 1, other 15 (2020)"
      }
    },
    "Ports and terminals": {
      "major seaport(s)": {
        "text": "Honiara, Malloco Bay, Viru Harbor, Tulagi"
      }
    }
  },
  "Military and Security": {
    "Military and security forces": {
      "text": "no regular military forces; Royal Solomon Islands Police Force"
    },
    "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
      "text": "the maritime branch of the Royal Solomon Islands Police Force operates patrol boats provided by Australia"
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
    "Disputes - international": {
      "text": "<p>since 2003, the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands, consisting of police, military, and civilian advisors drawn from 15 countries, has assisted in reestablishing and maintaining civil and political order while reinforcing regional stability and security</p>"
    }
  }
}