{ "Introduction": { "Background": { "text": "

After World War I and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, the League of Nations awarded Britain the mandate to govern much of the Middle East. In 1921, Britain demarcated from Palestine a semi-autonomous region of Transjordan and recognized ABDALLAH I from the Hashemite family as the country's first leader. The Hashemites also controlled the Hijaz, or the western coastal area of modern-day Saudi Arabia, until 1925, when IBN SAUD and Wahhabi tribes pushed them out. The country gained its independence in 1946 and thereafter became the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.

The country has had four kings. Long-time ruler King HUSSEIN (r. 1953-99) successfully navigated competing pressures from the major powers (US, UK, and Soviet Union), various Arab states, Israel, and Palestinian militants, the latter of which led to a brief civil war in 1970 that is known as \"Black September\" and ended in King HUSSEIN ousting the militants.

Jordan's borders have changed since it gained independence. In 1948, Jordan took control of the West Bank and East Jerusalem in the first Arab-Israeli War, eventually annexing those territories in 1950 and granting its new Palestinian residents Jordanian citizenship. In 1967, Jordan lost the West Bank and East Jerusalem to Israel in the Six-Day War but retained administrative claims to the West Bank until 1988, when King HUSSEIN permanently relinquished Jordanian claims to the West Bank in favor of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). King HUSSEIN signed a peace treaty with Israel in 1994, after Israel and the PLO signed the Oslo Accords in 1993.

Jordanian kings continue to claim custodianship of the Muslim holy sites in Jerusalem by virtue of their Hashemite heritage as descendants of the Prophet Mohammad and agreements with Israel and Jerusalem-based religious and Palestinian leaders. After Israel captured East Jerusalem in the 1967 War, it authorized the Jordanian-controlled Islamic Trust, or Waqf, to continue administering the Al Haram ash Sharif/Temple Mount holy compound, and the Jordan-Israel peace treaty reaffirmed Jordan's \"special role\" in administering the Muslim holy shrines in Jerusalem. Jordanian kings claim custodianship of the Christian sites in Jerusalem on the basis of the 7th-century Pact of Omar, when the Muslim leader, after conquering Jerusalem, agreed to permit Christian worship.

King HUSSEIN died in 1999 and was succeeded by his eldest son and current King ABDALLAH II. In 2009, ABDALLAH II designated his son HUSSEIN as the Crown Prince. During his reign, ABDALLAH II has contended with a series of challenges, including the Arab Spring influx of refugees from neighboring states, the COVID-19 pandemic, the effects of the war in Ukraine, a perennially weak economy, and the Israel-HAMAS conflict that began in October 2023." } }, "Geography": { "Location": { "text": "Middle East, northwest of Saudi Arabia, between Israel (to the west) and Iraq" }, "Geographic coordinates": { "text": "31 00 N, 36 00 E" }, "Map references": { "text": "Middle East" }, "Area": { "total ": { "text": "89,342 sq km" }, "land": { "text": "88,802 sq km" }, "water": { "text": "540 sq km" } }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about three-quarters the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Indiana" }, "Land boundaries": { "total": { "text": "1,744 km" }, "border countries": { "text": "Iraq 179 km; Israel 307 km; Saudi Arabia 731 km; Syria 379 km; West Bank 148 km" } }, "Coastline": { "text": "26 km" }, "Maritime claims": { "territorial sea": { "text": "3 nm" } }, "Climate": { "text": "mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to April)" }, "Terrain": { "text": "mostly arid desert plateau; a great north-south geological rift along the west of the country is the dominant topographical feature and includes the Jordan River Valley, the Dead Sea, and the Jordanian Highlands" }, "Elevation": { "highest point": { "text": "Jabal Umm ad Dami 1,854 m" }, "lowest point": { "text": "Dead Sea -431 m" }, "mean elevation": { "text": "812 m" } }, "Natural resources": { "text": "phosphates, potash, shale oil" }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { "text": "11.5% (2023 est.)" }, "agricultural land: arable land": { "text": "arable land: 2.3% (2023 est.)" }, "agricultural land: permanent crops": { "text": "permanent crops: 0.9% (2023 est.)" }, "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { "text": "permanent pasture: 8.4% (2023 est.)" }, "forest": { "text": "0.8% (2023 est.)" }, "other": { "text": "87.7% (2023 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { "text": "875 sq km (2022)" }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "salt water lake(s)": { "text": "Dead Sea (shared with Israel and West Bank) - 1,020 sq km
note - endorheic hypersaline lake; 9.6 times saltier than the ocean; lake shore is 431 meters below sea level" } }, "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { "Indian Ocean drainage": { "text": "(Persian Gulf) Tigris and Euphrates (918,044 sq km)" } }, "Major aquifers": { "text": "Arabian Aquifer System" }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population heavily concentrated in the west, and particularly the northwest, in and around the capital of Amman; a sizeable but smaller population is located in the southwest along the shore of the Gulf of Aqaba" }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "droughts; periodic earthquakes; flash floods" }, "Geography - note": { "text": "strategic location at the head of the Gulf of Aqaba; the Arab country that shares the longest border with Israel and the West Bank; the Dead Sea, the lowest point in Asia and the second saltiest body of water in the world (after Lac Assal in Djibouti), lies on Jordan's western border with Israel and the West Bank; Jordan is almost landlocked but does have a 26 km southwestern coastline with a single port, Al 'Aqabah (Aqaba)" } }, "People and Society": { "Population": { "total": { "text": "11,312,507 (2025 est.)" }, "male": { "text": "5,908,853" }, "female": { "text": "5,403,654" } }, "Nationality": { "noun": { "text": "Jordanian(s)" }, "adjective": { "text": "Jordanian" } }, "Ethnic groups": { "text": "Jordanian 69.3%, Syrian 13.3%, Palestinian 6.7%, Egyptian 6.7%, Iraqi 1.4%, other 2.6% (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data represent population by self-identified nationality in national census" }, "Languages": { "Languages": { "text": "Arabic (official), English (widely understood among upper and middle classes)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." } }, "Religions": { "text": "Muslim 97.1% (official; predominantly Sunni), Christian 2.1% (majority Greek Orthodox, but some Greek and Roman Catholics, Syrian Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Armenian Orthodox, and Protestant denominations), Buddhist 0.4%, Hindu 0.1%, Jewish <0.1%, folk <0.1%, other <0.1%, unaffiliated <0.1% (2020 est.)" }, "Age structure": { "0-14 years": { "text": "30.9% (male 1,771,840/female 1,678,178)" }, "15-64 years": { "text": "64.9% (male 3,844,575/female 3,409,164)" }, "65 years and over": { "text": "4.2% (2024 est.) (male 228,564/female 241,703)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { "total dependency ratio": { "text": "53.3 (2025 est.)" }, "youth dependency ratio": { "text": "46.6 (2025 est.)" }, "elderly dependency ratio": { "text": "6.7 (2025 est.)" }, "potential support ratio": { "text": "14.9 (2025 est.)" } }, "Median age": { "total": { "text": "25.4 years (2025 est.)" }, "male": { "text": "25.5 years" }, "female": { "text": "24.4 years" } }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.68% (2025 est.)" }, "Birth rate": { "text": "21.9 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)" }, "Death rate": { "text": "3.5 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)" }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)" }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population heavily concentrated in the west, and particularly the northwest, in and around the capital of Amman; a sizeable but smaller population is located in the southwest along the shore of the Gulf of Aqaba" }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "92% of total population (2023)" }, "rate of urbanization": { "text": "0.98% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, "Major urban areas - population": { "text": "2.232 million AMMAN (capital) (2023)" }, "Sex ratio": { "at birth": { "text": "1.06 male(s)/female" }, "0-14 years": { "text": "1.06 male(s)/female" }, "15-64 years": { "text": "1.13 male(s)/female" }, "65 years and over": { "text": "0.95 male(s)/female" }, "total population": { "text": "1.1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)" } }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { "text": "24.6 years (2017/18 est.)", "note": "note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "31 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)" }, "Infant mortality rate": { "total": { "text": "12.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)" }, "male": { "text": "14.3 deaths/1,000 live births" }, "female": { "text": "12.1 deaths/1,000 live births" } }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { "text": "76.5 years (2024 est.)" }, "male": { "text": "75 years" }, "female": { "text": "78.1 years" } }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.83 children born/woman (2025 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { "text": "1.37 (2025 est.)" }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 99.1% of population (2022 est.)" }, "improved: rural": { "text": "rural: 97% of population (2022 est.)" }, "improved: total": { "text": "total: 99% of population (2022 est.)" }, "unimproved: urban": { "text": "urban: 0.9% of population (2022 est.)" }, "unimproved: rural": { "text": "rural: 3% of population (2022 est.)" }, "unimproved: total": { "text": "total: 1% of population (2022 est.)" } }, "Health expenditure": { "Health expenditure (as % of GDP)": { "text": "7.3% of GDP (2021)" }, "Health expenditure (as % of national budget)": { "text": "7.6% of national budget (2022 est.)" } }, "Physician density": { "text": "2.85 physicians/1,000 population (2022)" }, "Hospital bed density": { "text": "1.4 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)" }, "Sanitation facility access": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 98.9% of population (2022 est.)" }, "improved: rural": { "text": "rural: 97.9% of population (2022 est.)" }, "improved: total": { "text": "total: 98.8% of population (2022 est.)" }, "unimproved: urban": { "text": "urban: 1.1% of population (2022 est.)" }, "unimproved: rural": { "text": "rural: 2.1% of population (2022 est.)" }, "unimproved: total": { "text": "total: 1.2% of population (2022 est.)" } }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "35.5% (2016)" }, "Alcohol consumption per capita": { "total": { "text": "0.25 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" }, "beer": { "text": "0.06 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" }, "wine": { "text": "0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" }, "spirits": { "text": "0.19 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" }, "other alcohols": { "text": "0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" } }, "Tobacco use": { "total": { "text": "37.1% (2025 est.)" }, "male": { "text": "58.6% (2025 est.)" }, "female": { "text": "13.9% (2025 est.)" } }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "2.5% (2023 est.)" }, "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { "text": "56% (2018 est.)" }, "Child marriage": { "women married by age 15": { "text": "1.5% (2018)" }, "women married by age 18": { "text": "9.7% (2018)" }, "men married by age 18": { "text": "0.1% (2018)" } }, "Education expenditure": { "Education expenditure (% GDP)": { "text": "3.5% of GDP (2023 est.)" }, "Education expenditure (% national budget)": { "text": "11.7% national budget (2024 est.)" } }, "Literacy": { "total population": { "text": "94.8% (2023 est.)" }, "male": { "text": "97.5% (2023 est.)" }, "female": { "text": "92.3% (2023 est.)" } }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { "text": "13 years (2023 est.)" }, "male": { "text": "13 years (2023 est.)" }, "female": { "text": "14 years (2023 est.)" } } }, "Environment": { "Environmental issues": { "text": "limited natural freshwater resources; declining water table; salination; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; biodiversity and ecosystem damage/loss" }, "International environmental agreements": { "party to": { "text": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands" }, "signed, but not ratified": { "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, "Climate": { "text": "mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to April)" }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { "text": "11.5% (2023 est.)" }, "agricultural land: arable land": { "text": "arable land: 2.3% (2023 est.)" }, "agricultural land: permanent crops": { "text": "permanent crops: 0.9% (2023 est.)" }, "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { "text": "permanent pasture: 8.4% (2023 est.)" }, "forest": { "text": "0.8% (2023 est.)" }, "other": { "text": "87.7% (2023 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "92% of total population (2023)" }, "rate of urbanization": { "text": "0.98% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, "Carbon dioxide emissions": { "total emissions": { "text": "22.434 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)" }, "from coal and metallurgical coke": { "text": "627,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)" }, "from petroleum and other liquids": { "text": "13.264 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)" }, "from consumed natural gas": { "text": "8.544 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)" } }, "Particulate matter emissions": { "text": "26.3 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)" }, "Methane emissions": { "energy": { "text": "12.2 kt (2022-2024 est.)" }, "agriculture": { "text": "25.4 kt (2019-2021 est.)" }, "waste": { "text": "188.2 kt (2019-2021 est.)" }, "other": { "text": "0.6 kt (2019-2021 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "2.53 million tons (2024 est.)" }, "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": { "text": "14.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { "text": "497.37 million cubic meters (2022 est.)" }, "industrial": { "text": "36.88 million cubic meters (2022 est.)" }, "agricultural": { "text": "570.61 million cubic meters (2022 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { "text": "937 million cubic meters (2022 est.)" } }, "Government": { "Country name": { "conventional long form": { "text": "Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan" }, "conventional short form": { "text": "Jordan" }, "local long form": { "text": "Al Mamlakah al Urduniyah al Hashimiyah" }, "local short form": { "text": "Al Urdun" }, "former": { "text": "Transjordan" }, "etymology": { "text": "named for the Jordan River, which makes up part of Jordan's northwest border; the origin of the river's name is unclear, but it may come from a local word meaning \"river\"" } }, "Government type": { "text": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy" }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Amman" }, "geographic coordinates": { "text": "31 57 N, 35 56 E" }, "time difference": { "text": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, "etymology": { "text": "in the 13th century B.C., the Ammonites named their primary city Rabbath Ammon; rabbath meant \"capital,\" so the name translated as \"The Capital of [the] Ammon[ites];\" over time, the name was shortened to Ammon, and then to Amman" } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "12 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); 'Ajlun, Al 'Aqabah, Al Balqa', Al Karak, Al Mafraq, Al ‘Asimah (Amman), At Tafilah, Az Zarqa', Irbid, Jarash, Ma'an, Madaba" }, "Legal system": { "text": "mixed system developed from Ottoman Empire codes (based on French law), British common law, and Islamic law" }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1928 (pre-independence); latest initially adopted 28 November 1947, revised and ratified 1 January 1952" }, "amendment process": { "text": "constitutional amendments require at least a two-thirds majority vote of both the Senate and the House and ratification by the king" } }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, "Citizenship": { "citizenship by birth": { "text": "no" }, "citizenship by descent only": { "text": "the father must be a citizen of Jordan" }, "dual citizenship recognized": { "text": "yes" }, "residency requirement for naturalization": { "text": "15 years" } }, "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "King ABDALLAH II (since 7 February 1999)" }, "head of government": { "text": "Prime Minister Jafar HASSAN (since 15 September 2024)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the monarch in consultation with the prime minister" }, "election/appointment process": { "text": "prime minister appointed by the monarch" } }, "Legislative branch": { "legislature name": { "text": "National Assembly (Majlis Al-Umma)" }, "legislative structure": { "text": "bicameral" } }, "Legislative branch - lower chamber": { "chamber name": { "text": "House of Representatives (Majlis Al-Nuwaab)" }, "number of seats": { "text": "138 (all directly elected)" }, "electoral system": { "text": "mixed system" }, "scope of elections": { "text": "full renewal" }, "term in office": { "text": "4 years" }, "most recent election date": { "text": "9/10/2024" }, "percentage of women in chamber": { "text": "19.6%" }, "expected date of next election": { "text": "September 2028" }, "note": "note: the total number of Chamber of Deputies' seats increased to 138 from 130 for the September 2024 election" }, "Legislative branch - upper chamber": { "chamber name": { "text": "Senate (Majlis Al-Aayan)" }, "number of seats": { "text": "69 (all appointed)" }, "scope of elections": { "text": "full renewal" }, "term in office": { "text": "4 years" }, "most recent election date": { "text": "10/24/2024" }, "percentage of women in chamber": { "text": "14.5%" }, "expected date of next election": { "text": "October 2028" } }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { "text": "Court of Cassation or Supreme Court (consists of 15 members, including the chief justice); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the king; other judges nominated by the Judicial Council, an 11-member judicial policymaking body consisting of high-level judicial officials and judges, and approved by the king; judge tenure not limited; Constitutional Court members appointed by the king for 6-year non-renewable terms with one third of the membership renewed every 2 years" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Courts of Appeal; Great Felonies Court; religious courts; military courts; juvenile courts; Land Settlement Courts; Income Tax Court; Higher Administrative Court; Customs Court; special courts including the State Security Court" } }, "Political parties": { "text": "'Azem
Blessed Land Party
Building and Labor Coalition
Eradah Party
Growth Party
Islamic Action Front or IAF
Jordanian al-Ansar Party
Jordanian al-Ghad Party
Jordanian Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party or JASBP
Jordanian Civil Democratic Party
Jordanian Communist Party or JCP
Jordanian Equality Party
Jordanian Democratic People's Party or HASD
Jordanian Democratic Popular Unity Party or JDPUP/Wihda
Jordanian Democratic Unionist Party
Jordanian Flame Party
Jordanian Future and Life Party
Jordanian Model Party
Jordanian National Integration Party
Jordanian National Loyalty Party
Jordanian Reform and Renewal Party or Hassad
Jordanian Shura Party 
Jordanian Social Democratic Party or JSDP
Justice and Reform Party or JRP 
Labor Party
National Charter Party
National Coalition Party
National Constitutional Party
National Current Party or NCP
National Islamic Party
National Union
Nationalist Movement Party or Hsq
New Path Party
Progress Party" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { "text": "Ambassador Dina Khalil Tawfiq KAWAR (since 27 June 2016)" }, "chancery": { "text": "3504 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008" }, "telephone": { "text": "[1] (202) 966-2664" }, "FAX": { "text": "[1] (202) 966-3110" }, "email address and website": { "text": "
hkjconsular@jordanembassyus.org

http://www.jordanembassyus.org/" } }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { "text": "Ambassador James HOLTSNIDER (since 7 December 2025)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Abdoun, Al-Umawyeen St., Amman" }, "mailing address": { "text": "6050 Amman Place, Washington DC  20521-6050" }, "telephone": { "text": "[962] (6) 590-6000" }, "FAX": { "text": "[962] (6) 592-0163" }, "email address and website": { "text": "
Amman-ACS@state.gov

https://jo.usembassy.gov/" } }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, CD, CICA, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM, NATO (partner), OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" }, "Independence": { "text": "25 May 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)" }, "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 25 May (1946)" }, "Flag": { "text": "description: three equal horizontal bands of black (top), white, and green; a red isosceles triangle is on the left side, with a small white seven-pointed star in the center

meaning: black stands for the Abbassid Caliphate, white for the Ummayyad Caliphate, and green for the Fatimid Caliphate; the triangle stands for the Great Arab Revolt of 1916, and the star's points for the seven verses of the opening Sura (Al-Fatiha) of the Quran, as well as faith in One God, humanity, national spirit, humility, social justice, virtue, and aspirations

history: the design is based on the Arab Revolt flag of World War I" }, "National symbol(s)": { "text": "eagle" }, "National color(s)": { "text": "black, white, green, red" }, "National anthem(s)": { "title": { "text": "\"As-salam al-malaki al-urdoni\" (Long Live the King of Jordan)" }, "lyrics/music": { "text": "Abdul-Mone'm al-RIFAI'/Abdul-Qader al-TANEER" }, "history": { "text": "adopted 1946; the shortened version of the anthem is most commonly used; the full version is reserved for special occasions" } }, "National heritage": { "total World Heritage Sites": { "text": "7 (6 cultural, 1 mixed)" }, "selected World Heritage Site locales": { "text": "Petra (c); Quseir Amra (c); Um er-Rasas (Kastrom Mefa'a) (c); Wadi Rum Protected Area (m); Baptism Site “Bethany Beyond the Jordan” (Al-Maghtas) (c); As-Salt - The Place of Tolerance and Urban Hospitality (c); Umm Al-Jimāl (c)" } } }, "Economy": { "Economic overview": { "text": "

upper-middle-income Middle Eastern economy; high debt and unemployment, especially for youth and women; global events triggering trade slump and decreased revenue from tourism; growing manufacturing and agricultural sectors; key US foreign assistance recipient; natural-resource-poor and import-reliant 

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024": { "text": "$109.986 billion (2024 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": { "text": "$107.315 billion (2023 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": { "text": "$104.307 billion (2022 est.)" }, "note": "note: data in 2021 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2024": { "text": "2.5% (2024 est.)" }, "Real GDP growth rate 2023": { "text": "2.9% (2023 est.)" }, "Real GDP growth rate 2022": { "text": "2.6% (2022 est.)" }, "note": "note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency" }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2024": { "text": "$9,500 (2024 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2023": { "text": "$9,400 (2023 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2022": { "text": "$9,300 (2022 est.)" }, "note": "note: data in 2021 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$53.352 billion (2024 est.)", "note": "note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024": { "text": "1.6% (2024 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": { "text": "2.1% (2023 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": { "text": "4.2% (2022 est.)" }, "note": "note: annual % change based on consumer prices" }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "5.1% (2024 est.)" }, "industry": { "text": "25.1% (2024 est.)" }, "services": { "text": "60.4% (2024 est.)" }, "note": "note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "78.9% (2021 est.)" }, "government consumption": { "text": "15.8% (2021 est.)" }, "investment in fixed capital": { "text": "22.2% (2021 est.)" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "3% (2021 est.)" }, "exports of goods and services": { "text": "30% (2021 est.)" }, "imports of goods and services": { "text": "-50.4% (2021 est.)" }, "note": "note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection" }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "tomatoes, milk, chicken, potatoes, olives, cucumbers/gherkins, onions, chillies/peppers, peaches/nectarines, sheep milk (2023)", "note": "note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage" }, "Industries": { "text": "tourism, information technology, clothing, fertilizer, potash, phosphate mining, pharmaceuticals, petroleum refining, cement, inorganic chemicals, light manufacturing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { "text": "3.7% (2024 est.)", "note": "note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency" }, "Labor force": { "text": "3.08 million (2024 est.)", "note": "note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work" }, "Unemployment rate": { "Unemployment rate 2024": { "text": "18% (2024 est.)" }, "Unemployment rate 2023": { "text": "18% (2023 est.)" }, "Unemployment rate 2022": { "text": "18.2% (2022 est.)" }, "note": "note: % of labor force seeking employment" }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { "text": "41.7% (2024 est.)" }, "male": { "text": "39.8% (2024 est.)" }, "female": { "text": "49.2% (2024 est.)" }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "15.7% (2018 est.)", "note": "note: % of population with income below national poverty line" }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { "text": "25% of household expenditures (2023 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { "text": "4.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.)" } }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2023": { "text": "8.8% of GDP (2023 est.)" }, "Remittances 2022": { "text": "10.1% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, "Remittances 2021": { "text": "11% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "note": "note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities" }, "Budget": { "revenues": { "text": "$13.779 billion (2023 est.)" }, "expenditures": { "text": "$17.159 billion (2023 est.)" }, "note": "note: central government revenues and expenditures (excluding grants and social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated" }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2023": { "text": "102.8% of GDP (2023 est.)" }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { "text": "17% (of GDP) (2023 est.)", "note": "note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP" }, "Current account balance": { "Current account balance 2023": { "text": "-$1.91 billion (2023 est.)" }, "Current account balance 2022": { "text": "-$3.815 billion (2022 est.)" }, "Current account balance 2021": { "text": "-$3.718 billion (2021 est.)" }, "note": "note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars" }, "Exports": { "Exports 2023": { "text": "$22.186 billion (2023 est.)" }, "Exports 2022": { "text": "$20.743 billion (2022 est.)" }, "Exports 2021": { "text": "$13.87 billion (2021 est.)" }, "note": "note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars" }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "USA 21%, India 13%, Saudi Arabia 11%, China 7%, Iraq 6% (2023)", "note": "note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "fertilizers, garments, phosphates, jewelry, phosphoric acid (2023)", "note": "note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars" }, "Imports": { "Imports 2023": { "text": "$28.922 billion (2023 est.)" }, "Imports 2022": { "text": "$30.019 billion (2022 est.)" }, "Imports 2021": { "text": "$23.321 billion (2021 est.)" }, "note": "note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars" }, "Imports - partners": { "text": "China 17%, Saudi Arabia 14%, UAE 8%, India 6%, USA 5% (2023)", "note": "note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "cars, refined petroleum, gold, crude petroleum, jewelry (2023)", "note": "note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024": { "text": "$21.939 billion (2024 est.)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": { "text": "$19.069 billion (2023 est.)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": { "text": "$18.198 billion (2022 est.)" }, "note": "note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars" }, "Debt - external": { "Debt - external 2023": { "text": "$21.058 billion (2023 est.)" }, "note": "note: present value of external debt in current US dollars" }, "Exchange rates": { "Currency": { "text": "Jordanian dinars (JOD) per US dollar -" }, "Exchange rates 2024": { "text": "0.71 (2024 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2023": { "text": "0.71 (2023 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2022": { "text": "0.71 (2022 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2021": { "text": "0.71 (2021 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2020": { "text": "0.71 (2020 est.)" } } }, "Energy": { "Electricity access": { "electrification - total population": { "text": "100% (2022 est.)" }, "electrification - urban areas": { "text": "100%" }, "electrification - rural areas": { "text": "98.9%" } }, "Electricity": { "installed generating capacity": { "text": "6.891 million kW (2023 est.)" }, "consumption": { "text": "20.31 billion kWh (2023 est.)" }, "exports": { "text": "162.93 million kWh (2023 est.)" }, "imports": { "text": "383.073 million kWh (2023 est.)" }, "transmission/distribution losses": { "text": "2.472 billion kWh (2023 est.)" } }, "Electricity generation sources": { "fossil fuels": { "text": "76.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)" }, "solar": { "text": "15.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)" }, "wind": { "text": "7.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)" }, "hydroelectricity": { "text": "0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)" } }, "Coal": { "consumption": { "text": "269,000 metric tons (2023 est.)" }, "imports": { "text": "110,000 metric tons (2023 est.)" } }, "Petroleum": { "total petroleum production": { "text": "20 bbl/day (2023 est.)" }, "refined petroleum consumption": { "text": "97,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)" }, "crude oil estimated reserves": { "text": "1 million barrels (2021 est.)" } }, "Natural gas": { "production": { "text": "200.004 million cubic meters (2023 est.)" }, "consumption": { "text": "5.441 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)" }, "exports": { "text": "375.998 million cubic meters (2018 est.)" }, "imports": { "text": "4.865 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)" }, "proven reserves": { "text": "6.031 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)" } }, "Energy consumption per capita": { "Total energy consumption per capita 2023": { "text": "32.909 million Btu/person (2023 est.)" } } }, "Communications": { "Telephones - fixed lines": { "total subscriptions": { "text": "451,000 (2023 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { "text": "4 (2023 est.)" } }, "Telephones - mobile cellular": { "total subscriptions": { "text": "8.05 million (2024 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { "text": "70 (2024 est.)" } }, "Broadcast media": { "text": "radio and TV dominated by the government-owned Jordan Radio and Television Corporation (JRTV) that operates a main network, a sports network, a film network, and a satellite channel; first independent TV broadcaster aired in 2007; international satellite TV and Israeli and Syrian TV broadcasts are available; roughly 30 radio stations; transmissions of multiple international radio broadcasters are available" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".jo" }, "Internet users": { "percent of population": { "text": "93% (2023 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { "text": "805,000 (2023 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { "text": "7 (2023 est.)" } } }, "Transportation": { "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": { "text": "JY" }, "Airports": { "text": "18 (2025)" }, "Heliports": { "text": "6 (2025)" }, "Railways": { "total": { "text": "509 km (2020)" }, "narrow gauge": { "text": "509 km (2014) 1.050-m gauge" } }, "Merchant marine": { "total": { "text": "34 (2023)" }, "by type": { "text": "general cargo 5, other 29" } }, "Ports": { "total ports": { "text": "1 (2024)" }, "large": { "text": "0" }, "medium": { "text": "0" }, "small": { "text": "0" }, "very small": { "text": "1" }, "ports with oil terminals": { "text": "1" }, "key ports": { "text": "Al Aqabah" } } }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { "text": "Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF; aka Arab Army): Jordanian Army (Jordanian Ground Forces; includes Special Operations Forces, Border Guards, Royal Guard), Jordanian Air Force, Jordanian Navy)  

Ministry of Interior: Public Security Directorate (includes national police, the Gendarmerie, and the Civil Defense Directorate) (2025)" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2024": { "text": "4.5% of GDP (2024 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2023": { "text": "4.5% of GDP (2023 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2022": { "text": "4.8% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2021": { "text": "5% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { "text": "5% of GDP (2020 est.)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { "text": "approximately 100,000 active duty Armed Forces (2025)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the JAF inventory is comprised of mostly older or secondhand equipment provided by China, some European countries, select Gulf States, Russia, and the US (2025)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "17 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; initial service term is 24 months; selective compulsory military service (3 months) for men turning 18 will be reinstated in 2026; compulsory military service for jobless men aged 25-29 was reinstated in 2020 (12 months; 3 months of military training and 9 months of professional and technical training) (2025)" }, "Military deployments": { "text": "140 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) (2025)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "the Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF) are responsible for territorial defense and border security and have a supporting role for internal security; key areas of concern include regional conflict and instability and unconventional threats, such as terrorism and weapons smuggling; the JAF participates in both bilateral and multinational exercises, UN peacekeeping missions, and have taken part in regional military operations alongside international forces in Afghanistan, Syria, and Yemen

the US is a key security partner, and Jordan is one of the largest recipients of US military aid in the region; it cooperates with the US on a number of issues, including border security, arms transfers, cybersecurity, and counterterrorism; Jordan has Major Non-NATO Ally status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation (2025)" } }, "Terrorism": { "Terrorist group(s)": { "text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)", "note": "note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide" } }, "Transnational Issues": { "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees": { "text": "675,388 (2024 est.)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "17 (2024 est.)" } } } }