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@ -121,8 +121,8 @@
}
},
"Military and Security": {
"Maritime threats": {
"text": "<p>the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2022, there were 19 reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea region; although a decrease from the total number of 34 incidents in 2021, it included the two hijackings and both ships fired upon worldwide; while boarding and attempted boarding to steal valuables from ships and crews are the most common types of incidents, almost a third of all incidents involve a hijacking and/or kidnapping; though crew kidnappings have decreased from 57 in 2021 to two in 2022, during the duration of the hijackings 29 crew were kept hostage; Nigerian pirates in particular are well armed and very aggressive, operating as far as 200 nm offshore; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2023-008 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 30 June 2023, which states in part, \"Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea;” South American ports in Brazil, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela as well as those in Mexico and Haiti continue to be affected by the crime of armed robbery; a decrease, in this region, has been noticed in 2022 with 24 incidents reported compared to 36 in 2021; the reduction is partially attributed to the decrease in reported incidents in Callao, Peru which saw a 33% decrease compared to 2021; the majority of the vessels boarded were anchored and occurred during the hours of darkness; during these incidents, seven crew were taken hostage and six each assaulted and threatened, making this region quite at risk for crew</p>"
"Military - note": {
"text": "according to the International Maritime Bureau and the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation, the risk of piracy and armed robbery of ships in the territorial and offshore waters of the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea off the western coast of Africa is high; some criminals/pirates have operated as far as 200 nm offshore (2023)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {