From fb2891aeae29f56a483a954957862e9d563420d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Gerald Bauer Date: Sat, 12 Jul 2014 14:54:44 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] everything is new --- README.md | 79 +++- europe/at-austria.json | 612 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ europe/be-belgium.json | 624 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ north-america/mx-mexico.json | 644 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ north-america/us-united-states.json | 636 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ south-america/br-brazil.json | 636 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 6 files changed, 3229 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) create mode 100644 europe/at-austria.json create mode 100644 europe/be-belgium.json create mode 100644 north-america/mx-mexico.json create mode 100644 north-america/us-united-states.json create mode 100644 south-america/br-brazil.json diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 3cac4e2a..245c3a83 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,4 +1,79 @@ -factbook.json -============= +# factbook.json World Factbook Country Profiles in JSON + +### What's the World Factbook? + +The World Factbook [1][2] published by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) +offers free country profiles in the public domain (that is, no copyright(s), no rights reserved). + +- [1] [The World Factbook](https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/) +- [2] [Wikipedia Article: The World Factbook](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_World_Factbook) + +### Example + +`at.json` - Austria (`at`) + +~~~ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Once the center of power for the large Austro-Hungarian Empire, + Austria was reduced to a small republic after its defeat in World War ..." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Central Europe, north of Italy and Slovenia" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "47 20 N, 13 20 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Europe" + }, + "area": { + "total": "83,871 sq km", + "land": "82,445 sq km", + "water": "1,426 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than Maine" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "2,562 km", + "border_countries": "Czech Republic 362 km, Germany 784 km, Hungary 366 km, Italy 430 km, Liechtenstein 35 km, Slovakia 91 km, Slovenia 330 km, Switzerland 164 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "0 km (landlocked)" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "text": "none (landlocked)" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain and some snow in lowlands and snow in mountains; moderate summers with occasional showers" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "in the west and south mostly mountains (Alps); along the eastern and northern margins mostly flat or gently sloping" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Neusiedler See 115 m", + "highest_point": "Grossglockner 3,798 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "oil, coal, lignite, timber, iron ore, copper, zinc, antimony, magnesite, tungsten, graphite, salt, hydropower" + }, + ... +~~~ + + +## Build Your Own Up-to-Date Country Profiles + +See the [`factbook`](https://github.com/worlddb/factbook.ruby) +command line tool and scripts for details. + + +## Questions? Comments? + +Send them along to the [Open World Database (world.db) and Friends Forum/Mailing List](http://groups.google.com/group/openmundi). +Thanks! diff --git a/europe/at-austria.json b/europe/at-austria.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6e60a6b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/europe/at-austria.json @@ -0,0 +1,612 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Once the center of power for the large Austro-Hungarian Empire, Austria was reduced to a small republic after its defeat in World War I. Following annexation by Nazi Germany in 1938 and subsequent occupation by the victorious Allies in 1945, Austria's status remained unclear for a decade. A State Treaty signed in 1955 ended the occupation, recognized Austria's independence, and forbade unification with Germany. A constitutional law that same year declared the country's \"perpetual neutrality\" as a condition for Soviet military withdrawal. The Soviet Union's collapse in 1991 and Austria's entry into the European Union in 1995 have altered the meaning of this neutrality. A prosperous, democratic country, Austria entered the EU Economic and Monetary Union in 1999." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Central Europe, north of Italy and Slovenia" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "47 20 N, 13 20 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Europe" + }, + "area": { + "total": "83,871 sq km", + "land": "82,445 sq km", + "water": "1,426 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than Maine" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "2,562 km", + "border_countries": "Czech Republic 362 km, Germany 784 km, Hungary 366 km, Italy 430 km, Liechtenstein 35 km, Slovakia 91 km, Slovenia 330 km, Switzerland 164 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "0 km (landlocked)" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "text": "none (landlocked)" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain and some snow in lowlands and snow in mountains; moderate summers with occasional showers" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "in the west and south mostly mountains (Alps); along the eastern and northern margins mostly flat or gently sloping" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Neusiedler See 115 m", + "highest_point": "Grossglockner 3,798 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "oil, coal, lignite, timber, iron ore, copper, zinc, antimony, magnesite, tungsten, graphite, salt, hydropower" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "16.25%", + "permanent_crops": "0.77%", + "other": "82.98% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "1,170 sq km (2007)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "77.7 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "3.66 cu km/yr (18%/79%/3%)", + "per_capita": "452.4 cu m/yr (2008)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "landslides; avalanches; earthquakes" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "some forest degradation caused by air and soil pollution; soil pollution results from the use of agricultural chemicals; air pollution results from emissions by coal- and oil-fired power stations and industrial plants and from trucks transiting Austria between northern and southern Europe" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "landlocked; strategic location at the crossroads of central Europe with many easily traversable Alpine passes and valleys; major river is the Danube; population is concentrated on eastern lowlands because of steep slopes, poor soils, and low temperatures elsewhere" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Austrian(s)", + "adjective": "Austrian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Austrians 91.1%, former Yugoslavs 4% (includes Croatians, Slovenes, Serbs, and Bosniaks), Turks 1.6%, German 0.9%, other or unspecified 2.4% (2001 census)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "German (official nationwide) 88.6%, Turkish 2.3%, Serbian 2.2%, Croatian (official in Burgenland) 1.6%, other (includes Slovene, official in Carinthia, and Hungarian, official in Burgenland) 5.3% (2001 census)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Roman Catholic 73.6%, Protestant 4.7%, Muslim 4.2%, other 3.5%, unspecified 2%, none 12% (2001 census)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "8,221,646 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "13.7% (male 577,390/female 550,496)", + "15_24_years": "11.8% (male 494,324/female 474,171)", + "25_54_years": "43.1% (male 1,779,534/female 1,766,779)", + "55_64_years": "12.5% (male 506,419/female 520,552)", + "65_years_and_over": "18.9% (male 656,883/female 895,098) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "48.9 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "21.6 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "27.3 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "3.7 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "43.9 years", + "male": "42.8 years", + "female": "44.9 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.02% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "8.73 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "10.31 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "1.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "68% of total population (2010)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "0.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "VIENNA (capital) 1.72 million (2011)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.97 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.73 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.95 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "28.5 (2011 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "4 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "4.21 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "5.09 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "3.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "80.04 years", + "male": "77.13 years", + "female": "83.1 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "1.42 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "69.6%", + "note": "percent of women aged 18-46 (2009)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "11% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "4.75 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "7.7 beds/1,000 population (2009)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "0.3% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "15,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "20.9% (2008)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "6% of GDP (2009)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "98%", + "male": "NA", + "female": "NA" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "16 years", + "male": "15 years", + "female": "16 years (2011)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "8.3%", + "male": "7.9%", + "female": "8.8% (2011)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Austria", + "conventional_short_form": "Austria", + "local_long_form": "Republik Oesterreich", + "local_short_form": "Oesterreich" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "federal republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Vienna", + "geographic_coordinates": "48 12 N, 16 22 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", + "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "9 states (Bundeslaender, singular - Bundesland); Burgenland, Karnten (Carinthia), Niederoesterreich (Lower Austria), Oberoesterreich (Upper Austria), Salzburg, Steiermark (Styria), Tirol (Tyrol), Vorarlberg, Wien (Vienna)" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "12 November 1918 (republic proclaimed); notable earlier dates: 976 (Margravate of Austria established); 17 September 1156 (Duchy of Austria founded); 11 August 1804 (Austrian Empire proclaimed)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "National Day, 26 October (1955); note - commemorates the passage of the law on permanent neutrality" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "1 October 1920; revised 1929; reinstated 1 May 1945; revised many times; note - during the period 1 May 1934-1 May 1945 there was a fascist (corporative) constitution in place" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts by the Constitutional Court" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "16 years of age; universal; note - reduced from 18 years of age in 2007" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Heinz FISCHER (SPOe) (since 8 July 2004)", + "head_of_government": "Chancellor Werner FAYMANN (SPOe) (since 2 December 2008); Vice Chancellor Michael SPINDELEGGER (OeVP) (since 21 April 2011)", + "cabinet": "Council of Ministers chosen by the president on the advice of the chancellor", + "elections": "president elected for a six-year term (eligible for a second term) by direct popular vote and formally sworn into office before the Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung; presidential election last held on 25 April 2010 (next to be held on 25 April 2016); chancellor formally chosen by the president but determined by the coalition parties forming a parliamentary majority; vice chancellor chosen by the president on the advice of the chancellor", + "election_results": "Heinz FISCHER reelected president; percent of vote - Heinz FISCHER 79.33%, Barbara ROSENKRANZ 15.24%, Rudolf GEHRING 5.43%", + "note": "government coalition - SPOe and OeVP" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung consists of Federal Council or Bundesrat (62 seats; delegates appointed by state parliaments with each state receiving 3 to 12 seats in proportion to its population; members serve five- or six-year terms) and the National Council or Nationalrat (183 seats; members elected by popular vote for a five-year term under a system of proportional representation with partially-open party lists)", + "elections": "National Council - last held on 28 September 2008 (next to be held by September 2013)", + "election_results": "National Council - percent of vote by party - SPOe 29.3%, OeVP 26%, FPOe 17.5%, BZOe 10.7%, Greens 10.4%, other 6.1%; seats by party - SPOe 57, OeVP 51, FPOe 34, BZOe 21, Greens 20; note - seats by party since 2012 - SPOe 56, OeVP 51, FPOe 34, Greens 20, BZOe 13, Stronach 5, other 4" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Justice or Oberster Gerichtshof (consists of 85 judges organized into 17 senates or panels of five judges each); Constitutional Court or Verfassungsgerichtshof (consists of 20 judges including 6 substitutes; Administrative Court or Verwaltungsgerichtshof - 2 judges plus other members depending on the importance of the case)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges nominated by executive branch departments and appointed by the president; judges serve for life; Constitutional Court judges nominated by several executive branch departments and approved by the president; judges serve for life; Administrative Court judges recommended by executive branch departments and appointed by the president; terms of judges and members determined by the president", + "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal (4); Regional Courts (20); district courts (120); county courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Alliance for the Future of Austria or BZOe [Josef BUCHER]; Austrian People's Party or OeVP [Michael SPINDELEGGER]; Freedom Party of Austria or FPOe [Heinz Christian STRACHE]; Social Democratic Party of Austria or SPOe [Werner FAYMANN]; The Greens [Eva GLAWISCHNIG]; Communist Party of Austria or KPOe [Mirko MESSNER]; \"Team Stronach for Austria\" [Frank STRONACH]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Austrian Trade Union Federation or OeGB (nominally independent but primarily Social Democratic); Federal Economic Chamber; Labor Chamber or AK (Social Democratic-leaning think tank); OeVP-oriented Association of Austrian Industrialists or IV; Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action", + "other": "three composite leagues of the Austrian People's Party or OeVP representing business, labor, farmers, and other nongovernment organizations in the areas of environment and human rights" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIFIL, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Hans Peter MANZ", + "chancery": "3524 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008-3035", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 895-6700", + "fax": "[1] (202) 895-6750", + "consulates_general": "Chicago, Los Angeles, New York" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador William C. EACHO III", + "embassy": "Boltzmanngasse 16, A-1090, Vienna", + "mailing_address": "use embassy street address", + "telephone": "[43] (1) 31339-0", + "fax": "[43] (1) 3100682" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and red; the flag design is certainly one of the oldest - if not the oldest - national banners in the world; according to tradition, in 1191, following a fierce battle in the Third Crusade, Duke Leopold V of Austria's white tunic became completely blood-spattered; upon removal of his wide belt or sash, a white band was revealed; the red-white-red color combination was subsequently adopted as his banner" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "golden eagle" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Bundeshymne\" (Federal Hymn)", + "lyrics_music": "Paula von PRERADOVIC/Wolfgang Amadeus MOZART or Johann HOLZER (disputed)", + "note": "adopted 1947; the anthem is also known as \"Land der Berge, Land am Strome\" (Land of the Mountains, Land on the River); Austria adopted a new national anthem after World War II to replace the former imperial anthem composed by Franz Josef HAYDN, which had been appropriated by Germany in 1922 and was now associated with the Nazi regime" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Austria, with its well-developed market economy, skilled labor force, and high standard of living, is closely tied to other EU economies, especially Germany's. Its economy features a large service sector, a sound industrial sector, and a small, but highly developed agricultural sector. Following several years of solid foreign demand for Austrian exports and record employment growth, the international financial crisis of 2008 and subsequent global economic downturn led to a sharp but brief recession. Austrian GDP contracted 3.8% in 2009 but saw positive growth of about 2% in 2010 and 2.7% in 2011. Growth fell to 0.6% in 2012. Unemployment did not rise as steeply in Austria as elsewhere in Europe, partly because the government subsidized reduced working hour schemes to allow companies to retain employees. The 2012 unemployment rate of 4.3% was the lowest within the EU. Stabilization measures, stimulus spending, and an income tax reform pushed the budget deficit to 4.5% in 2010 and 2.6% in 2011, from only about 0.9% in 2008. The international financial crisis of 2008 caused difficulties for Austria's largest banks whose extensive operations in central, eastern, and southeastern Europe faced large losses. The government provided bank support - including in some instances, nationalization - to support aggregate demand and stabilize the banking system. Austria's fiscal position compares favorably with other euro-zone countries, but it faces external risks, such as Austrian banks' continued exposure to Central and Eastern Europe as well as political and economic uncertainties caused by the European sovereign debt crisis. In 2011 the government attempted to pass a constitutional amendment limiting public debt to 60% of GDP by 2020, but it was unable to obtain sufficient support in parliament and instead passed the measure as a simple law. In March 2012, the Austrian parliament approved an austerity package consisting of a mix of expenditure cuts and new revenues that will bring public finances into balance by 2016. In 2012, the budget deficit rose to 3.1% of GDP." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$364.9 billion (2012 est.); $362.1 billion (2011 est.); $352.6 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$398.6 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.8% (2012 est.); 2.7% (2011 est.); 2.1% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$43,100 (2012 est.); $43,000 (2011 est.); $42,000 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "25.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 25.2% of GDP (2011 est.); 25.7% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "54.5%", + "government_consumption": "18.8%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "21.5%", + "investment_in_inventories": "1.8%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "57.1%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-53.7% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "1.5%", + "industry": "30.1%", + "services": "68.4% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "grains, potatoes, wine, fruit; dairy products, cattle, pigs, poultry; lumber" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "construction, machinery, vehicles and parts, food, metals, chemicals, lumber and wood processing, paper and paperboard, communications equipment, tourism" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.5% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "3.726 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "5.5%", + "industry": "26%", + "services": "68.5% (2012 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "4.4% (2012 est.); 4.2% (2011 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "6.2% (2012)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "4%", + "highest_10%": "22% (2011)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "26.3 (2007); 31 (1995)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$193.8 billion", + "expenditures": "$206.2 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "48.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-3.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "73.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 72.5% of GDP (2011 est.)", + "note": "this is general government gross debt, defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year; it covers the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; as a percentage of GDP, the GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product in current year prices" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "2.6% (2012 est.); 3.5% (2011 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "2.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 2.95% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$201 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $176.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.)", + "note": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$426.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $400.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$543.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $526.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$100.4 billion (31 December 2012); $88.6 billion (31 December 2011); $120.7 billion (31 December 2010)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "$8.09 billion (2012 est.); $7.242 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$160.1 billion (2012 est.); $169.9 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, paper and paperboard, metal goods, chemicals, iron and steel, textiles, foodstuffs" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "Germany 31.4%, Italy 7%, France 4.7%, Switzerland 4.5%, US 4.4% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$163.2 billion (2012 est.); $175.4 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, metal goods, oil and oil products; foodstuffs" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "Germany 42.1%, Italy 6.6%, Switzerland 5.1% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$27.21 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $25.16 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$808.1 billion (31 December 2012); $786.1 billion (31 December 2011)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$265.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $253.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$331.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $303.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -; 0.7778 (2012 est.); 0.7185 (2011 est.); 0.755 (2010 est.); 0.7198 (2009 est.); 0.6827 (2008 est.)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "69 billion kWh (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "63.8 billion kWh (2011 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "16.75 billion kWh (2011 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "24.98 billion kWh (2011 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "21.11 million kW (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "27.5% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "59.6% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "12.8% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "17,630 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "139,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "85 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "159,200 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "210,700 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "43,010 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "117,100 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "1.6 billion cu m (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "9.27 billion cu m (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "4.96 billion cu m (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "14.28 billion cu m (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "23.9 billion cu m (1 January 2011 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "71 million Mt (2011 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "3.388 million (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "13.023 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "highly developed and efficient", + "domestic": "fixed-line subscribership has been in decline since the mid-1990s with mobile-cellular subscribership eclipsing it by the late 1990s; the fiber-optic net is very extensive; all telephone applications and Internet services are available", + "international": "country code - 43; satellite earth stations - 15; in addition, there are about 600 VSATs (very small aperture terminals) (2007)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "Austria's public broadcaster, Osterreichischer Rundfunk (ORF), was the main broadcast source until commercial radio and TV service was introduced in the 1990s; cable and satellite TV are available, including German TV stations (2008)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".at" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "3.512 million (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "6.143 million (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "52 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "24", + "over_3_047_m": "1", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "5", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", + "914_to_1_523_m": "4", + "under_914_m": "13 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "28", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", + "914_to_1_523_m": "3", + "under_914_m": "24 (2013)" + }, + "heliports": { + "text": "1 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "gas 4,736 km; oil 663 km; refined products 157 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "6,399 km", + "standard_gauge": "5,927 km 1.435-m gauge (3,853 km electrified)", + "narrow_gauge": "384 km 1.000-m gauge (15 km electrified); 88 km 0.760-m gauge (10 km electrified) (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "124,508 km", + "paved": "124,508 km (includes 1,719 km of expressways) (2012)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "358 km (2011)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "registered_in_other_countries": "3 (Cyprus 1, Kazakhstan 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "river_ports": "Enns, Krems, Linz, Vienna (Danube)" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Land Forces (KdoLdSK), Air Forces (KdoLuSK)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "registration requirement at age 17, the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; 18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory service; males under the age of 35 must complete basic military training (6 month duration); males 18 to 50 years old in the militia or inactive reserve are subject to compulsory service (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "1,941,110", + "females_age_16_49": "1,910,434 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "1,579,862", + "females_age_16_49": "1,554,130 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "48,108", + "female": "45,752 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "0.8% of GDP (2009)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "none" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "19,517 (Russia); 10,158 (Afghanistan) (2012)", + "stateless_persons": "542 (2012)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; increasing consumption of European-produced synthetic drugs" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/be-belgium.json b/europe/be-belgium.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..02ac6811 --- /dev/null +++ b/europe/be-belgium.json @@ -0,0 +1,624 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Belgium became independent from the Netherlands in 1830; it was occupied by Germany during World Wars I and II. The country prospered in the past half century as a modern, technologically advanced European state and member of NATO and the EU. Tensions between the Dutch-speaking Flemings of the north and the French-speaking Walloons of the south have led in recent years to constitutional amendments granting these regions formal recognition and autonomy. Its capital, Brussels, is home to numerous international organizations including the EU and NATO." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between France and the Netherlands" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "50 50 N, 4 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Europe" + }, + "area": { + "total": "30,528 sq km", + "land": "30,278 sq km", + "water": "250 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "about the size of Maryland" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "1,385 km", + "border_countries": "France 620 km, Germany 167 km, Luxembourg 148 km, Netherlands 450 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "66.5 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "geographic coordinates define outer limit", + "continental_shelf": "median line with neighbors" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudy" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "flat coastal plains in northwest, central rolling hills, rugged mountains of Ardennes Forest in southeast" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "North Sea 0 m", + "highest_point": "Botrange 694 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "construction materials, silica sand, carbonates" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "27.06%", + "permanent_crops": "0.72%", + "other": "72.22%", + "note": "includes Luxembourg (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "233.5 sq km (2007)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "18.3 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "6.22 cu km/yr (12%/88%/1%)", + "per_capita": "589.8 cu m/yr (2007)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "flooding is a threat along rivers and in areas of reclaimed coastal land, protected from the sea by concrete dikes" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "the environment is exposed to intense pressures from human activities: urbanization, dense transportation network, industry, extensive animal breeding and crop cultivation; air and water pollution also have repercussions for neighboring countries; uncertainties regarding federal and regional responsibilities (now resolved) had slowed progress in tackling environmental challenges" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "crossroads of Western Europe; most West European capitals within 1,000 km of Brussels, the seat of both the European Union and NATO" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Belgian(s)", + "adjective": "Belgian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Fleming 58%, Walloon 31%, mixed or other 11%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Dutch (official) 60%, French (official) 40%, German (official) less than 1%, legally bilingual (Dutch and French)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Roman Catholic 75%, other (includes Protestant) 25%" + }, + "population": { + "text": "10,444,268 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "15.7% (male 835,569/female 801,959)", + "15_24_years": "11.8% (male 629,753/female 603,550)", + "25_54_years": "40.6% (male 2,145,075/female 2,100,014)", + "55_64_years": "13.2% (male 681,946/female 695,188)", + "65_years_and_over": "18.7% (male 819,694/female 1,131,520) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "53.8 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "26.1 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "27.7 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "3.6 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "42.8 years", + "male": "41.5 years", + "female": "44.2 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.05% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "10 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "10.7 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "1.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "97% of total population (2010)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "0.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "BRUSSELS (capital) 1.892 million; Antwerp 961,000 (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.72 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.96 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "28", + "note": "Data refer to first birth within current marriage. (2008 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "8 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "4.23 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "4.73 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "3.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "79.78 years", + "male": "76.62 years", + "female": "83.08 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "1.65 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "70.4%", + "note": "percent of women aged 18-49 (2010)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "10.7% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "2.99 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "6.5 beds/1,000 population (2010)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "0.2% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "14,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "22.1% (2008)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "6.6% of GDP (2009)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "99%", + "male": "99%", + "female": "99% (2003 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "16 years", + "male": "16 years", + "female": "17 years (2010)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "18.7%", + "male": "18.7%", + "female": "18.7% (2011)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Kingdom of Belgium", + "conventional_short_form": "Belgium", + "local_long_form": "Royaume de Belgique/Koninkrijk Belgie", + "local_short_form": "Belgique/Belgie" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Brussels", + "geographic_coordinates": "50 50 N, 4 20 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", + "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "3 regions (French: regions, singular - region; Dutch: gewesten, singular - gewest); Brussels-Capital Region, also known as Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest (Dutch), Region de Bruxelles-Capitale (French long form), Bruxelles-Capitale (French short form); Flemish Region (Flanders), also known as Vlaams Gewest (Dutch long form), Vlaanderen (Dutch short form), Region Flamande (French long form), Flandre (French short form); Walloon Region (Wallonia), also known as Region Wallone (French long form), Wallonie (French short form), Waals Gewest (Dutch long form), Wallonie (Dutch short form)", + "note": "as a result of the 1993 constitutional revision that furthered devolution into a federal state, there are now three levels of government (federal, regional, and linguistic community) with a complex division of responsibilities" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "4 October 1830 (a provisional government declared independence from the Netherlands); 21 July 1831 (King LEOPOLD I ascended to the throne)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "21 July (1831) ascension to the Throne of King LEOPOLD I" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "drafted 25 November 1830; approved by a Belgium National Congress 7 February 1831; entered into force 26 July 1831; amended many times; revised 14 July 1993 to create a federal state; in 1967 an official Dutch version of the constitution was adopted; in 1991 an official German version of the constitution was adopted; in 1993 an official consolidated version of the constitution was adopted" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "civil law system based on the French Civil Code; note - Belgian law continues to be modified in conformance with the legislative norms mandated by the European Union; judicial review of legislative acts" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "King PHILIPPE (since 21 August 2013); Heir Apparent Princess ELISABETH, daughter of the monarch", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Elio DI RUPO (since 6 December 2011); Deputy Prime Minister Alexander DE CROO (since 22 October 2012); Joelle MILQUET (since 20 March 2008); Laurette ONKELINX (since 30 December 2008); Didier REYNDERS (since 30 December 2008); Pieter DE CREM (since 5 March 2013)", + "cabinet": "Council of Ministers are formally appointed by the monarch", + "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary and constitutional; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch and then approved by parliament" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of a Senate or Senaat in Dutch, Senat in French (71 seats; 40 members directly elected by popular vote, 31 indirectly elected; members serve four-year terms) and a Chamber of Deputies or Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers in Dutch, Chambre des Representants in French (150 seats; members directly elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms)", + "elections": "Senate and Chamber of Deputies - last held on 13 June 2010 (next to be held no later than June 2014)", + "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - N-VA 19.6%, PS 13.6%, CD&V 10%, SP.A 9.5%, MR 9.3%, Open VLD 8.2%, VB 7.6%, Ecolo 5.5%, CDH 5.1% Groen! 3.9%, other 7.7%; seats by party - N-VA 9, PS 7, CD&V 4, SP.A 4, MR 4, Open VLD 4, VB 3, Ecolo 2, CDH 2, Groen! 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - N-VA 17.4%, PS 13.7%, CD&V 10.9%, MR 9.3%, SP.A 9.2%, Open VLD 8.6%, VB 7.8%, CDH 5.5%, Ecolo 4.8%, Groen! 4.4%, List Dedecker 2.3%, the Popular Party 1.3%, other 4.8%; seats by party - N-VA 27, PS 26, CD&V 17, MR 18, sp.a 13, Open VLD 13, VB 12, CDH 9, Ecolo 8, Groen! 5, List Dedecker 1, the Popular Party 1", + "note": "as a result of the 1993 constitutional revision that furthered devolution into a federal state, there are now three levels of government (federal, regional, and linguistic community) with a complex division of responsibilities; this reality leaves six governments, each with its own legislative assembly" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Constitutional Court or Grondwettelijk Hof in Dutch and Cour constitutionelle in French (consists of 12 judges - 6 Dutch-speaking and 6 French-speaking); Supreme Court of Justice or Hof van Cassatie in Dutch and Cour de Cassation in French (court organized into 3 chambers: civil and commercial; criminal; social, fiscal, and armed forces; each chamber includes a Dutch division and a French division, each with a chairperson and 5-6 judges)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Constitutional Court judges appointed by the monarch from candidates submitted by Parliament; judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 70; Supreme Court judges appointed by the monarch from candidates submitted by the High Council of Justice, a 44-member independent body of judicial and non-judicial members; judges appointed for life", + "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal; regional courts; specialized courts for administrative, commercial, labor, and audit issues; magistrate's courts; justices of the peace" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "flemish_parties": "Christian Democratic and Flemish or CD&V [Wouter BEKE]; Flemish Liberals and Democrats or Open VLD [Gwendolyn RUTTEN]; Groen! [Wouter VAN BESIEN] (formerly AGALEV, Flemish Greens); Libertarian, Direct, Democratic or LDD (formerly Dedecker's List) [Jean-Marie DEDECKER]; New Flemish Alliance or N-VA [Bart DE WEVER]; Social Progressive Alternative or SP.A [Bruno TOBBACK]; Vlaams Belang (Flemish Interest) or VB [Gerolf ANNEMANS]", + "francophone_parties": "Ecolo (Francophone Greens) [Olivier DELEUZE, Emily HOYOS]; Humanist and Democratic Center or CDH [Benoit LUTGEN]; Popular Party or PP [ Mischael MODRIKAMEN]; Reform Movement or MR [Charles MICHEL]; Socialist Party or PS [Paul MAGNETTE]; other minor parties" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Federation of Belgian Industries", + "other": "trade unions; numerous other associations representing bankers, manufacturers, middle-class artisans, and the legal and medical professions; various organizations represent the cultural interests of Flanders and Wallonia; various peace groups such as Pax Christi and groups representing immigrants" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ADB (nonregional members), AfDB (nonregional members), Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Jan MATTHYSEN", + "chancery": "3330 Garfield Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 333-6900", + "fax": "[1] (202) 338-4960", + "consulates_general": "Atlanta, Los Angeles, New York" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Howard W. GUTMAN", + "embassy": "27 Boulevard du Regent [Regentlaan], B-1000 Brussels", + "mailing_address": "PSC 82, Box 002, APO AE 09710", + "telephone": "[32] (2) 811-4000", + "fax": "[32] (2) 811-4500" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), yellow, and red; the vertical design was based on the flag of France; the colors are those of the arms of the duchy of Brabant (yellow lion with red claws and tongue on a black field)" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "lion" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"La Brabanconne\" (The Song of Brabant)", + "lyrics_music": "Louis-Alexandre DECHET[French] Victor CEULEMANS [Dutch]/Francois VAN CAMPENHOUT", + "note": "adopted 1830; Louis-Alexandre DECHET was an actor at the theater in which the revolution against the Netherlands began; according to legend, he wrote the lyrics with a group of young people in a Brussels cafe" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "This modern, open, and private-enterprise-based economy has capitalized on its central geographic location, highly developed transport network, and diversified industrial and commercial base. Industry is concentrated mainly in the more heavily-populated region of Flanders in the north. With few natural resources, Belgium imports substantial quantities of raw materials and exports a large volume of manufactures, making its economy vulnerable to volatility in world markets. Roughly three-quarters of Belgium's trade is with other EU countries, and Belgium has benefited most from its proximity to Germany. In 2011 Belgian GDP grew by 1.8%, the unemployment rate decreased slightly to 7.2% from 8.3% the previous year, and the government reduced the budget deficit from a peak of 6% of GDP in 2009 to 4.2% in 2011 and 3.3% in 2012. Fourth quarter GDP growth in 2012 was at -0.1%, the third consecutive quarter of negative growth. This brought economic growth for the whole of 2012 to negative 0.2%. It also left Belgium on the brink of a possible recession at the end of 2012. However, at year's end, the government appeared close to meeting its 2012 budget deficit goal of 3% of GDP. Despite the relative improvement in Belgium's budget deficit, public debt hovers around 100% of GDP, a factor that has contributed to investor perceptions that the country is increasingly vulnerable to spillover from the euro-zone crisis. Belgian banks were severely affected by the international financial crisis in 2008 with three major banks receiving capital injections from the government, and the nationalization of the Belgian retail arm of a Franco-Belgian bank." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$427.2 billion (2012 est.); $428.1 billion (2011 est.); $420.6 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$484.7 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "-0.2% (2012 est.); 1.8% (2011 est.); 2.4% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$38,500 (2012 est.); $38,900 (2011 est.); $38,800 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "20.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 21.1% of GDP (2011 est.); 21.8% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "52.9%", + "government_consumption": "24.9%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "20.7%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0.3%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "84.8%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-83.6% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "0.7%", + "industry": "22.3%", + "services": "77% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "sugar beets, fresh vegetables, fruits, grain, tobacco; beef, veal, pork, milk" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "engineering and metal products, motor vehicle assembly, transportation equipment, scientific instruments, processed food and beverages, chemicals, basic metals, textiles, glass, petroleum" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "-0.8% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "5.189 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "2%", + "industry": "25%", + "services": "73% (2007 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "7.6% (2012 est.); 7.2% (2011 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "15.2% (2007 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "3.4%", + "highest_10%": "28.4% (2006)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "28 (2005); 28.7 (1996)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$245.9 billion", + "expenditures": "$265.5 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "50.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-4% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "99.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 97.8% of GDP (2011 est.)", + "note": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions; general government debt is defined by the Maastricht definition and calculated by the National Bank of Belgium as consolidated gross debt; the debt is defined in European Regulation EC479/2009 concerning the implementation of the protocol on the excessive deficit procedure annexed to the Treaty on European Union (Treaty of Maastricht) of 7 February 1992; the sub-sectors of consolidated gross debt are: federal government, communities and regions, local government, and social security funds" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "2.6% (2012 est.); 3.4% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "1.5% (31 December 2012); 1.75% (31 December 2010)", + "note": "this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "3.62% (31 December 2012 est.); 3.93% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$185.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $170.4 billion (31 December 2011 est.)", + "note": "see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$543.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $547.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$574.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $559.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$229.9 billion (31 December 2011); $269.3 billion (31 December 2010); $261.4 billion (31 December 2009)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$4.8 billion (2012 est.); -$3.709 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$315.4 billion (2012 est.); $332.3 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "machinery and equipment, chemicals, finished diamonds, metals and metal products, foodstuffs" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "Germany 18%, France 16.1%, Netherlands 13%, UK 7.3%, US 5.3%, Italy 4.4% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$322 billion (2012 est.); $342.3 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "raw materials, machinery and equipment, chemicals, raw diamonds, pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs, transportation equipment, oil products" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "Netherlands 20.9%, Germany 14.2%, France 10.6%, US 6.1%, UK 5.5%, Ireland 4.4% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$30.77 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $29.43 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$1.424 trillion (31 December 2012); $1.417 trillion (31 December 2011)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$1.082 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $992.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$1.024 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $987.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -; 0.7778 (2012 est.); 0.7185 (2011 est.); 0.755 (2010 est.); 0.7198 (2009 est.); 0.6827 (2008 est.)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "89.25 billion kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "78.53 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "11.84 billion kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "12.41 billion kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "17.5 million kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "46.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "33.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "0.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "11.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "624,500 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "693,500 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "644,400 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "353,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "370,800 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "13.46 billion cu m (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "2.511 billion cu m (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "15.94 billion cu m (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "127.2 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "4.631 million (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "12.541 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "highly developed, technologically advanced, and completely automated domestic and international telephone and telegraph facilities", + "domestic": "nationwide mobile-cellular telephone system; extensive cable network; limited microwave radio relay network", + "international": "country code - 32; landing point for a number of submarine cables that provide links to Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; satellite earth stations - 7 (Intelsat - 3) (2007)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "a segmented market with the three major communities (Flemish, French, and German-speaking) each having responsibility for their own broadcast media; multiple TV channels exist for each community; additionally, in excess of 90% of households are connected to cable and can access broadcasts of TV stations from neighboring countries; each community has a public radio network co-existing with private broadcasters (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".be" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "5.192 million (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "8.113 million (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "41 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "26", + "over_3_047_m": "6", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "9", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2", + "914_to_1_523_m": "1", + "under_914_m": "8 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "15", + "under_914_m": "15 (2013)" + }, + "heliports": { + "text": "1 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "gas 3,139 km; oil 154 km; refined products 535 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "3,233 km", + "standard_gauge": "3,233 km 1.435-m gauge (2,950 km electrified) (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "154,012 km", + "paved": "120,514 km (includes 1,756 km of expressways)", + "unpaved": "33,498 km (2010)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "2,043 km (1,528 km in regular commercial use) (2012)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "87", + "by_type": "bulk carrier 23, cargo 15, chemical tanker 5, container 4, liquefied gas 23, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 8, roll on/roll off 7", + "foreign_owned": "15 (Denmark 4, France 7, Russia 1, UK 2, US 1)", + "registered_in_other_countries": "107 (Bahamas 6, Cambodia 1, Cyprus 3, France 7, Gibraltar 1, Greece 17, Hong Kong 26, Liberia 1, Luxembourg 11, Malta 7, Marshall Islands 1, Mozambique 2, North Korea 1, Panama 1, Portugal 8, Russia 4, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 7, Singapore 1, Vanuatu 1) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Oostende, Zeebrugge", + "river_ports": "Antwerp, Gent (Schelde River); Brussels (Senne River); Liege (Meuse River)", + "container_ports_teus": "Antwerp (8,664,243), Zeebrugge (2,207,257) (2011)" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Belgian Armed Forces: Land Operations Command, Naval Operations Command, Air Operations Command (2012)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 1994 (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "2,359,232", + "females_age_16_49": "2,291,689 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "1,934,957", + "females_age_16_49": "1,877,268 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "59,665", + "female": "57,142 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "1.3% of GDP (2005 est.)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "none" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "stateless_persons": "3,898 (2012)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "growing producer of synthetic drugs and cannabis; transit point for US-bound ecstasy; source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine processors; transshipment point for cocaine, heroin, hashish, and marijuana entering Western Europe; despite a strengthening of legislation, the country remains vulnerable to money laundering related to narcotics, automobiles, alcohol, and tobacco; significant domestic consumption of ecstasy" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/north-america/mx-mexico.json b/north-america/mx-mexico.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..92afc869 --- /dev/null +++ b/north-america/mx-mexico.json @@ -0,0 +1,644 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "The site of several advanced Amerindian civilizations - including the Olmec, Toltec, Teotihuacan, Zapotec, Maya, and Aztec - Mexico was conquered and colonized by Spain in the early 16th century. Administered as the Viceroyalty of New Spain for three centuries, it achieved its independence early in the 19th century. The global financial crisis beginning in late 2008 caused a massive economic downturn the following year, although growth returned quickly in 2010. Ongoing economic and social concerns include low real wages, underemployment for a large segment of the population, inequitable income distribution, and few advancement opportunities for the largely indigenous population in the impoverished southern states. The elections held in 2000 marked the first time since the 1910 Mexican Revolution that an opposition candidate - Vicente FOX of the National Action Party (PAN) - defeated the party in government, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). He was succeeded in 2006 by another PAN candidate Felipe CALDERON, but the PRI regained the presidency in 2012. Since 2007, Mexico's powerful drug-trafficking organizations have engaged in bloody feuding, resulting in tens of thousands of drug-related homicides." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "North America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, between Belize and the United States and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and the United States" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "23 00 N, 102 00 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "North America" + }, + "area": { + "total": "1,964,375 sq km", + "land": "1,943,945 sq km", + "water": "20,430 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly less than three times the size of Texas" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "4,353 km", + "border_countries": "Belize 250 km, Guatemala 962 km, US 3,141 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "9,330 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", + "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "varies from tropical to desert" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "high, rugged mountains; low coastal plains; high plateaus; desert" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Laguna Salada -10 m", + "highest_point": "Volcan Pico de Orizaba 5,700 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "petroleum, silver, copper, gold, lead, zinc, natural gas, timber" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "12.98%", + "permanent_crops": "1.36%", + "other": "85.66% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "64,600 sq km (2009)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "457.2 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "80.4 cu km/yr (14%/9%/77%)", + "per_capita": "700.4 cu m/yr (2009)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "tsunamis along the Pacific coast, volcanoes and destructive earthquakes in the center and south, and hurricanes on the Pacific, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean coasts", + "volcanism": "volcanic activity in the central-southern part of the country; the volcanoes in Baja California are mostly dormant; Colima (elev. 3,850 m), which erupted in 2010, is Mexico's most active volcano and is responsible for causing periodic evacuations of nearby villagers; it has been deemed a \"Decade Volcano\" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Popocatepetl (elev. 5,426 m) poses a threat to Mexico City; other historically active volcanoes include Barcena, Ceboruco, El Chichon, Michoacan-Guanajuato, Pico de Orizaba, San Martin, Socorro, and Tacana" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "scarcity of hazardous waste disposal facilities; rural to urban migration; natural freshwater resources scarce and polluted in north, inaccessible and poor quality in center and extreme southeast; raw sewage and industrial effluents polluting rivers in urban areas; deforestation; widespread erosion; desertification; deteriorating agricultural lands; serious air and water pollution in the national capital and urban centers along US-Mexico border; land subsidence in Valley of Mexico caused by groundwater depletion", + "note": "the government considers the lack of clean water and deforestation national security issues" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "strategic location on southern border of US; corn (maize), one of the world's major grain crops, is thought to have originated in Mexico" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Mexican(s)", + "adjective": "Mexican" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish) 60%, Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian 30%, white 9%, other 1%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Spanish only 92.7%, Spanish and indigenous languages 5.7%, indigenous only 0.8%, unspecified 0.8%", + "note": "indigenous languages include various Mayan, Nahuatl, and other regional languages (2005)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Roman Catholic 82.7%, Protestant 1.6%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.4%, other Evangelical Churches 5%, other 1.9%, none 4.7%, unspecified 2.7% (2000 census)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "116,220,947 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "27.4% (male 16,268,424/female 15,587,324)", + "15_24_years": "18.1% (male 10,566,890/female 10,421,798)", + "25_54_years": "40.7% (male 22,647,828/female 24,677,965)", + "55_64_years": "6.9% (male 3,703,316/female 4,337,956)", + "65_years_and_over": "6.9% (male 3,574,207/female 4,435,239) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "53.6 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "43.7 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "9.8 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "10.2 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "27.7 years", + "male": "26.6 years", + "female": "28.8 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.07% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "18.61 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "4.94 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-2.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "78% of total population (2010)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "1.2% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)", + "note": "Mexico City is the second-largest urban agglomeration in the Western Hemisphere, after Sao Paulo (Brazil), but before New York-Newark (US)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "MEXICO CITY (capital) 19.319 million; Guadalajara 4.338 million; Monterrey 3.838 million; Puebla 2.278 million; Tijuana 1.629 million (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.92 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.86 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.81 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.96 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "21.3", + "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2006 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "50 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "16.26 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "18.04 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "14.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "76.86 years", + "male": "74.03 years", + "female": "79.83 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "2.25 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "70.9% (2006)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "6.3% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "2.89 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "1.6 beds/1,000 population (2009)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 97% of population; rural: 91% of population; total: 96% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 3% of population; rural: 9% of population; total: 4% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 87% of population; rural: 79% of population; total: 85% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 13% of population; rural: 21% of population; total: 15% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "0.3% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "220,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "intermediate", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A", + "vectorborne_disease": "dengue fever (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "32.1% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "3.4% (2006)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "5.3% of GDP (2009)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "93.5%", + "male": "94.8%", + "female": "92.3% (2011 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "14 years", + "male": "14 years", + "female": "14 years (2011)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "1,105,617", + "percentage": "5 % (2009 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "9.8%", + "male": "9.5%", + "female": "10.4% (2011)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "United Mexican States", + "conventional_short_form": "Mexico", + "local_long_form": "Estados Unidos Mexicanos", + "local_short_form": "Mexico" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "federal republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Mexico City (Distrito Federal)", + "geographic_coordinates": "19 26 N, 99 08 W", + "time_difference": "UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)", + "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins first Sunday in April; ends last Sunday in October", + "note": "Mexico is divided into three time zones" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "31 states (estados, singular - estado) and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Aguascalientes, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila de Zaragoza, Colima, Distrito Federal*, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan de Ocampo, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro de Arteaga, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave (Veracruz), Yucatan, Zacatecas" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "16 September 1810 (declared); 27 September 1821 (recognized by Spain)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 16 September (1810)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "5 February 1917" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "civil law system with US constitutional law theory influence; judicial review of legislative acts" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory (but not enforced)" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Enrique PENA NIETO (since 1 December 2012); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", + "head_of_government": "President Enrique PENA NIETO (since 1 December 2012)", + "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president; note - appointment of attorney general, the head of the Bank of Mexico, and senior treasury officials require consent of the Senate", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a single six-year term; election last held on 1 July 2012 (next to be held July 2018)", + "election_results": "Enrique PENA NIETO elected president; percent of vote - Enrique PENA NIETO (PRI) 38.21%, Andres Manuel LOPEZ OBRADOR (PRD) 31.59%, Josefina Eugenia VAZQUEZ Mota (PAN) 25.41%, other 4.79%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral National Congress or Congreso de la Union consists of the Senate or Camara de Senadores (128 seats; 96 members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms, and 32 seats allocated on the basis of each party's popular vote) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (500 seats; 300 members are elected by popular vote; remaining 200 members are allocated on the basis of each party's popular vote; members to serve three-year terms)", + "elections": "Senate - last held on 1 July 2012 for all of the seats (next to be held on 1 July 2018); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 1 July 2012 (next to be held on 5 July 2015)", + "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PRI 52, PAN 38, PRD 22, PVEM 9, PT 4, Movimiento Ciudadano 2, PANAL 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PRI 208, PAN 114, PRD 100, PVEM 33, PT 19, Movimiento Ciudadano 16, PANAL 10" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Justice or Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nacion (consists of 21 ministers or judges and 5 supernumerary judges)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges nominated by the president and approved by the Senate; judges serve for life", + "subordinate_courts": "federal level includes Electoral Tribunal, circuit, collegiate, and unitary courts; state level and district level courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Citizen's Movement (Movimiento Ciudadano) [Luis WALTON Aburto]; Institutional Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario Institucional) or PRI [Cesar CAMACHO Quiroz]; Labor Party (Partido del Trabajo) or PT [Alberto ANAYA Gutierrez]; Mexican Green Ecological Party (Partido Verde Ecologista de Mexico) or PVEM [vacant]; National Action Party (Partido Accion Nacional) or PAN [Gustavo MADERO Munoz]; New Alliance Party (Partido Nueva Alianza) or PNA/PANAL [Luis CASTRO Obregon]; Party of the Democratic Revolution (Partido de la Revolucion Democratica) or PRD [Jesus ZAMBRANO Grijalva]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Businessmen's Coordinating Council or CCE; Confederation of Employers of the Mexican Republic or COPARMEX; Confederation of Industrial Chambers or CONCAMIN; Confederation of Mexican Workers or CTM; Confederation of National Chambers of Commerce or CONCANACO; Coordinator for Foreign Trade Business Organizations or COECE; Federation of Unions Providing Goods and Services or FESEBES; National Chamber of Transformation Industries or CANACINTRA; National Peasant Confederation or CNC; National Small Business Chamber or CANACOPE; National Syndicate of Education Workers or SNTE; National Union of Workers or UNT; Popular Assembly of the People of Oaxaca or APPO; Roman Catholic Church" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "APEC, BCIE, BIS, CAN (observer), Caricom (observer), CD, CDB, CE (observer), CELAC, CSN (observer), EBRD, FAO, FATF, G-20, G-3, G-15, G-24, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, MIGA, NAFTA, NAM (observer), NEA, OAS, OECD, OPANAL, OPCW, Paris Club (associate), PCA, SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR (observer), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina (observer), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Eduardo MEDINA MORA Icaza", + "chancery": "1911 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20006", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 728-1600", + "fax": "[1] (202) 728-1698", + "consulates_general": "Anchorage, Atlanta, Austin, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, El Paso (TX), Houston, Laredo (TX), Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Nogales (AZ), Phoenix, Sacramento (CA), San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose (CA), San Juan (Puerto Rico), Saint Paul (MN)", + "consulates": "Albuquerque, Anchorage (AK), Boise (ID), Brownsville (TX), Calexico (CA), Del Rio (TX), Detroit, Douglas (AZ), Eagle Pass (TX), Fresno (CA), Indianapolis (IN), Kansas City (MO), Las Vegas (NV), Little Rock (AR), McAllen (TX), Midland (TX), New Orleans, Omaha (NE), Orlando (FL), Oxnard (CA), Philadelphia, Portland (OR), Presidio (TX), Raleigh (NC), Salt Lake City, San Bernardino (CA), Santa Ana (CA), Seattle, Tucson (AZ), Yuma (AZ); note - Washington DC Consular Section located in a separate building from the Mexican Embassy and has jurisdiction over DC, parts of Virginia, Maryland, and West Virginia" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Earl Anthony WAYNE", + "embassy": "Paseo de la Reforma 305, Colonia Cuauhtemoc, 06500 Mexico, Distrito Federal", + "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 9000, Brownsville, TX 78520-9000", + "telephone": "[52] (55) 5080-2000", + "fax": "[52] (55) 5080-2834", + "consulates_general": "Ciudad Juarez, Guadalajara, Hermosillo, Matamoros, Merida, Monterrey, Nogales, Nuevo Laredo, Tijuana" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and red; Mexico's coat of arms (an eagle with a snake in its beak perched on a cactus) is centered in the white band; green signifies hope, joy, and love; white represents peace and honesty; red stands for hardiness, bravery, strength, and valor; the coat of arms is derived from a legend that the wandering Aztec people were to settle at a location where they would see an eagle on a cactus eating a snake; the city they founded, Tenochtitlan, is now Mexico City", + "note": "similar to the flag of Italy, which is shorter, uses lighter shades of red and green, and does not have anything in its white band" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "golden eagle" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Himno Nacional Mexicano\" (National Anthem of Mexico)", + "lyrics_music": "Francisco Gonzalez BOCANEGRA/Jaime Nuno ROCA", + "note": "adopted 1943, in use since 1854; the anthem is also known as \"Mexicanos, al grito de Guerra\" (Mexicans, to the War Cry); according to tradition, Francisco Gonzalez BOCANEGRA, an accomplished poet, was uninterested in submitting lyrics to a national anthem contest; his fiancee locked him in a room and refused to release him until the lyrics were completed" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Mexico has a free market economy in the trillion dollar class. It contains a mixture of modern and outmoded industry and agriculture, increasingly dominated by the private sector. Recent administrations have expanded competition in seaports, railroads, telecommunications, electricity generation, natural gas distribution, and airports. Per capita income is roughly one-third that of the US; income distribution remains highly unequal. Since the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994, Mexico's share of US imports has increased from 7% to 12%, and its share of Canadian imports has doubled to 5.5%. Mexico has free trade agreements with over 50 countries including Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, the European Free Trade Area, and Japan - putting more than 90% of trade under free trade agreements. In 2012 Mexico formally joined the Trans-Pacific Partnership negotiations and in July it formed the Pacific Alliance with Peru, Colombia and Chile. In 2007, during its first year in office, the Felipe CALDERON administration was able to garner support from the opposition to successfully pass pension and fiscal reforms. The administration passed an energy reform measure in 2008 and another fiscal reform in 2009. Mexico's GDP plunged 6.2% in 2009 as world demand for exports dropped, asset prices tumbled, and remittances and investment declined. GDP posted positive growth of 5.6% in 2010 with exports - particularly to the United States - leading the way. Growth slowed to 3.9% in 2011 and slightly recovered to 4% in 2012. In November 2012, Mexico's legislature passed a comprehensive labor reform which was signed into law by former President Felipe CALDERON. Mexico's new PRI government, led by President Enrique PENA NIETO, has said it will prioritize structural economic reforms and competitiveness. The new president signed the Pact for Mexico, an agreement that lists 95 priority commitments, along with the leaders of the country's three main political parties: the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), the National Action Party (PAN) and the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD)." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$1.788 trillion (2012 est.); $1.72 trillion (2011 est.); $1.655 trillion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$1.177 trillion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "3.9% (2012 est.); 3.9% (2011 est.); 5.3% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$15,600 (2012 est.); $15,100 (2011 est.); $14,700 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "23.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 24.3% of GDP (2011 est.); 23.7% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "64.8%", + "government_consumption": "11.6%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "20.7%", + "investment_in_inventories": "4%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "32.9%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-34% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "4.1%", + "industry": "34.2%", + "services": "61.8% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "corn, wheat, soybeans, rice, beans, cotton, coffee, fruit, tomatoes; beef, poultry, dairy products; wood products" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and steel, petroleum, mining, textiles, clothing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, tourism" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "3.6% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "50.64 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "13.7%", + "industry": "23.4%", + "services": "62.9% (2005)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "5% (2012 est.); 5.2% (2011 est.)", + "note": "underemployment may be as high as 25%" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "51.3%", + "note": "based on food-based definition of poverty; asset based poverty amounted to more than 47% (2010 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "1.5%", + "highest_10%": "41.4% (2008)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "48.3 (2008); 53.1 (1998)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$266.9 billion", + "expenditures": "$297.7 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "22.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-2.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "35.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 35.3% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "4.1% (2012 est.); 3.4% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "4.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 4.5% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "4.73% (31 December 2012 est.); 4.92% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$175.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $148.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$738 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $684.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$404.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $359.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$408.7 billion (31 December 2011); $454.3 billion (31 December 2010); $340.6 billion (31 December 2009)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$11 billion (2012 est.); -$11.07 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$370.9 billion (2012 est.); $349.4 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "manufactured goods, oil and oil products, silver, fruits, vegetables, coffee, cotton" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "US 78% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$370.8 billion (2012 est.); $350.8 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "metalworking machines, steel mill products, agricultural machinery, electrical equipment, car parts for assembly, repair parts for motor vehicles, aircraft, and aircraft parts" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "US 50.5%, China 15.5%, Japan 4.8% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$167.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $149.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$352.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $286.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$315 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $302.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$137.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $112.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Mexican pesos (MXN) per US dollar -; 13.17 (2012 est.); 12.423 (2011 est.); 12.636 (2010 est.); 13.514 (2009); 11.016 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "254.4 billion kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "203.8 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "1.32 billion kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "624.5 million kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "59.33 million kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "75% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "2.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "19.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "3.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "2.934 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "1.299 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "12.17 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "1.458 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "2.133 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "199,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "496,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "55.1 billion cu m (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "59.15 billion cu m (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "13 million cu m (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "13.95 billion cu m (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "490.3 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "445.3 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "19.684 million (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "94.565 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "adequate telephone service for business and government; improving quality and increasing mobile cellular availability, with mobile subscribers far outnumbering fixed-line subscribers; domestic satellite system with 120 earth stations; extensive microwave radio relay network; considerable use of fiber-optic cable and coaxial cable", + "domestic": "despite the opening to competition in January 1997, Telmex remains dominant; Fixed-line teledensity is less than 20 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity is about 80 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 52; Columbus-2 fiber-optic submarine cable with access to the US, Virgin Islands, Canary Islands, Spain, and Italy; the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) and the MAYA-1 submarine cable system together provide access to Central America, parts of South America and the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth stations - 120 (32 Intelsat, 2 Solidaridad (giving Mexico improved access to South America, Central America, and much of the US as well as enhancing domestic communications), 1 Panamsat, numerous Inmarsat mobile earth stations); linked to Central American Microwave System of trunk connections (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "many TV stations and more than 1,400 radio stations with most privately owned; the Televisa group once had a virtual monopoly in TV broadcasting, but new broadcasting groups and foreign satellite and cable operators are now available (2012)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".mx" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "16.233 million (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "31.02 million (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "1,714 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "243", + "over_3_047_m": "12", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "32", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "80", + "914_to_1_523_m": "86", + "under_914_m": "33 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "1,471", + "over_3_047_m": "1", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "42", + "914_to_1_523_m": "281", + "under_914_m": "1,146 (2013)" + }, + "heliports": { + "text": "1 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "gas 18,074 km; liquid petroleum 2,102 km; oil 8,775 km; oil/gas/water 369 km; refined products 7,565 km; water 123 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "17,166 km", + "standard_gauge": "17,166 km 1.435-m gauge (22 km electrified) (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "366,095 km", + "paved": "132,289 km (includes 6,279 km of expressways)", + "unpaved": "233,806 km (2008)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "2,900 km (navigable rivers and coastal canals mostly connected with ports on the country's east coast) (2012)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "52", + "by_type": "bulk carrier 5, cargo 3, chemical tanker 11, liquefied gas 3, passenger/cargo 10, petroleum tanker 17, roll on/roll off 3", + "foreign_owned": "5 (France 1, Greece 2, South Africa 1, UAE 1)", + "registered_in_other_countries": "12 (Antigua and Barbuda 1, Marshall Islands 2, Panama 5, Portugal 1, Spain 1, Venezuela 1, unknown 1) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Altamira, Coatzacoalcos, Lazaro Cardenas, Manzanillo, Salina Cruz, Veracruz", + "oil_terminals": "Cayo Arcas terminal, Dos Bocas terminal" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Secretariat of National Defense (Secretaria de Defensa Nacional, Sedena): Army (Ejercito), Mexican Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Mexicana, FAM); Secretariat of the Navy (Secretaria de Marina, Semar): Mexican Navy (Armada de Mexico (ARM); includes Naval Air Force (FAN), Mexican Naval Infantry Corps (Cuerpo de Infanteria de Marina, Mexmar or CIM)) (2013)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for compulsory military service, conscript service obligation is 12 months; 16 years of age with consent for voluntary enlistment; conscripts serve only in the Army; Navy and Air Force service is all voluntary; women are eligible for voluntary military service; cadets enrolled in military schools from the age of 15 are considered members of the armed forces (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "28,815,506", + "females_age_16_49": "30,363,558 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "23,239,866", + "females_age_16_49": "25,642,549 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "1,105,371", + "female": "1,067,007 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "0.5% of GDP (2012)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "abundant rainfall in recent years along much of the Mexico-US border region has ameliorated periodically strained water-sharing arrangements; the US has intensified security measures to monitor and control legal and illegal personnel, transport, and commodities across its border with Mexico; Mexico must deal with thousands of impoverished Guatemalans and other Central Americans who cross the porous border looking for work in Mexico and the United States; Belize and Mexico are working to solve minor border demarcation discrepancies arising from inaccuracies in the 1898 border treaty" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "idps": "160,000 (government's quashing of Zapatista uprising in 1994 in eastern Chiapas Region; drug cartel violence and government's military response since 2007; violence between and within indigenous groups) (2011)", + "stateless_persons": "7 (2012)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "major drug-producing and transit nation; world's second largest opium poppy cultivator; opium poppy cultivation in 2009 rose 31% over 2008 to 19,500 hectares yielding a potential production of 50 metric tons of pure heroin, or 125 metric tons of \"black tar\" heroin, the dominant form of Mexican heroin in the western United States; marijuana cultivation increased 45% to 17,500 hectares in 2009; government conducts the largest independent illicit-crop eradication program in the world; continues as the primary transshipment country for US-bound cocaine from South America, with an estimated 95% of annual cocaine movements toward the US stopping in Mexico; major drug syndicates control the majority of drug trafficking throughout the country; producer and distributor of ecstasy; significant money-laundering center; major supplier of heroin and largest foreign supplier of marijuana and methamphetamine to the US market (2007)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/north-america/us-united-states.json b/north-america/us-united-states.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ef8818f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/north-america/us-united-states.json @@ -0,0 +1,636 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Britain's American colonies broke with the mother country in 1776 and were recognized as the new nation of the United States of America following the Treaty of Paris in 1783. During the 19th and 20th centuries, 37 new states were added to the original 13 as the nation expanded across the North American continent and acquired a number of overseas possessions. The two most traumatic experiences in the nation's history were the Civil War (1861-65), in which a northern Union of states defeated a secessionist Confederacy of 11 southern slave states, and the Great Depression of the 1930s, an economic downturn during which about a quarter of the labor force lost its jobs. Buoyed by victories in World Wars I and II and the end of the Cold War in 1991, the US remains the world''s most powerful nation state. Since the end of World War II, the economy has achieved relatively steady growth, low unemployment and inflation, and rapid advances in technology." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "North America, bordering both the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean, between Canada and Mexico" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "38 00 N, 97 00 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "North America" + }, + "area": { + "total": "9,826,675 sq km", + "land": "9,161,966 sq km", + "water": "664,709 sq km", + "note": "includes only the 50 states and District of Columbia" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "about half the size of Russia; about three-tenths the size of Africa; about half the size of South America (or slightly larger than Brazil); slightly larger than China; more than twice the size of the European Union" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "12,034 km", + "border_countries": "Canada 8,893 km (including 2,477 km with Alaska), Mexico 3,141 km", + "note": "US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba is leased by the US and is part of Cuba; the base boundary is 28 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "19,924 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", + "continental_shelf": "not specified" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the great plains west of the Mississippi River, and arid in the Great Basin of the southwest; low winter temperatures in the northwest are ameliorated occasionally in January and February by warm chinook winds from the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "vast central plain, mountains in west, hills and low mountains in east; rugged mountains and broad river valleys in Alaska; rugged, volcanic topography in Hawaii" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Death Valley -86 m", + "highest_point": "Mount McKinley (Denali) 6,194 m (highest point in North America)", + "note": "the peak of Mauna Kea (4,207 m above sea level) on the island of Hawaii rises about 10,200 m above the Pacific Ocean floor; by this measurement, it is the world's tallest mountain - higher than Mount Everest (8,850 m), which is recognized as the tallest mountain above sea level" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, rare earth elements, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel, potash, silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum, natural gas, timber", + "note": "the US has the world's largest coal reserves with 491 billion short tons accounting for 27% of the world's total" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "16.29%", + "permanent_crops": "0.26%", + "other": "83.44% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "266,440 sq km (2007)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "3,069 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "478.4 cu km/yr (14%/46%/40%)", + "per_capita": "1,583 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "tsunamis; volcanoes; earthquake activity around Pacific Basin; hurricanes along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts; tornadoes in the Midwest and Southeast; mud slides in California; forest fires in the west; flooding; permafrost in northern Alaska, a major impediment to development", + "volcanism": "volcanic activity in the Hawaiian Islands, Western Alaska, the Pacific Northwest, and in the Northern Mariana Islands; both Mauna Loa (elev. 4,170 m) in Hawaii and Mount Rainier (elev. 4,392 m) in Washington have been deemed \"Decade Volcanoes\" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to their explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Pavlof (elev. 2,519 m) is the most active volcano in Alaska's Aleutian Arc and poses a significant threat to air travel since the area constitutes a major flight path between North America and East Asia; St. Helens (elev. 2,549 m), famous for the devastating 1980 eruption, remains active today; numerous other historically active volcanoes exist, mostly concentrated in the Aleutian arc and Hawaii; they include: in Alaska: Aniakchak, Augustine, Chiginagak, Fourpeaked, Iliamna, Katmai, Kupreanof, Martin, Novarupta, Redoubt, Spurr, Wrangell; in Hawaii: Trident, Ugashik-Peulik, Ukinrek Maars, Veniaminof; in the Northern Mariana Islands: Anatahan; and in the Pacific Northwest: Mount Baker, Mount Hood" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "air pollution resulting in acid rain in both the US and Canada; large emitter of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels; water pollution from runoff of pesticides and fertilizers; limited natural freshwater resources in much of the western part of the country require careful management; desertification" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Hazardous Wastes" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "world's third-largest country by size (after Russia and Canada) and by population (after China and India); Mt. McKinley is highest point in North America and Death Valley the lowest point on the continent" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "American(s)", + "adjective": "American" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "white 79.96%, black 12.85%, Asian 4.43%, Amerindian and Alaska native 0.97%, native Hawaiian and other Pacific islander 0.18%, two or more races 1.61% (July 2007 estimate)", + "note": "a separate listing for Hispanic is not included because the US Census Bureau considers Hispanic to mean persons of Spanish/Hispanic/Latino origin including those of Mexican, Cuban, Puerto Rican, Dominican Republic, Spanish, and Central or South American origin living in the US who may be of any race or ethnic group (white, black, Asian, etc.); about 15.1% of the total US population is Hispanic" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "English 82.1%, Spanish 10.7%, other Indo-European 3.8%, Asian and Pacific island 2.7%, other 0.7% (2000 census)", + "note": "the US has no official national language, but English has acquired official status in 28 of the 50 states; Hawaiian is an official language in the state of Hawaii" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Protestant 51.3%, Roman Catholic 23.9%, Mormon 1.7%, other Christian 1.6%, Jewish 1.7%, Buddhist 0.7%, Muslim 0.6%, other or unspecified 2.5%, unaffiliated 12.1%, none 4% (2007 est.)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "316,668,567 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "20% (male 32,344,207/female 31,006,688)", + "15_24_years": "13.7% (male 22,082,128/female 21,157,025)", + "25_54_years": "40.2% (male 63,802,736/female 63,581,749)", + "55_64_years": "12.3% (male 18,699,338/female 20,097,791)", + "65_years_and_over": "13.9% (male 19,122,853/female 24,774,052) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "50.4 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "29.4 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "21 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "4.8 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "37.2 years", + "male": "35.9 years", + "female": "38.5 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.9% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "13.66 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "8.39 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "3.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "82% of total population (2010)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "1.2% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "New York-Newark 19.3 million; Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana 12.675 million; Chicago 9.134 million; Miami 5.699 million; WASHINGTON, D.C. (capital) 4.421 million (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.93 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.77 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.97 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "25 (2006 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "21 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "5.9 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "6.55 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "5.22 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "78.62 years", + "male": "76.19 years", + "female": "81.17 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "2.06 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "76.4%", + "note": "percent of women aged 15-44 (2010)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "17.9% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "2.67 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "3 beds/1,000 population (2009)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 94% of population; total: 99% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 6% of population; total: 1% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 99% of population; total: 100% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 1% of population; total: 0% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "0.6% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "1.2 million (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "17,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "33% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "1.3% (2004)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "5.4% of GDP (2009)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "99%", + "male": "99%", + "female": "99% (2003 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "17 years", + "male": "16 years", + "female": "18 years (2010)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "17.3%", + "male": "18.7%", + "female": "15.7% (2011)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "United States of America", + "conventional_short_form": "United States", + "abbreviation": "US or USA" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "Constitution-based federal republic; strong democratic tradition" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Washington, DC", + "geographic_coordinates": "38 53 N, 77 02 W", + "time_difference": "UTC-5 (during Standard Time)", + "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November", + "note": "the 50 United States cover six time zones" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "50 states and 1 district*; Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia*, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming" + }, + "dependent_areas": { + "text": "American Samoa, Baker Island, Guam, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Navassa Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palmyra Atoll, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Wake Island", + "note": "from 18 July 1947 until 1 October 1994, the US administered the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; it entered into a political relationship with all four political entities: the Northern Mariana Islands is a commonwealth in political union with the US (effective 3 November 1986); the Republic of the Marshall Islands signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 21 October 1986); the Federated States of Micronesia signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 3 November 1986); Palau concluded a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 1 October 1994)" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "4 July 1776 (declared); 3 September 1783 (recognized by Great Britain)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 4 July (1776)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "17 September 1787, effective 4 March 1789; amended many times, most recently in 1992" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "common law system based on English common law at the federal level; state legal systems based on common law except Louisiana, which is based on Napoleonic civil code; judicial review of legislative acts" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "withdrew acceptance of compulsory ICJ jurisdiction in 2005; withdrew acceptance of ICCt jurisdiction in 2002" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Barack H. OBAMA (since 20 January 2009); Vice President Joseph R. BIDEN (since 20 January 2009); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", + "head_of_government": "President Barack H. OBAMA (since 20 January 2009); Vice President Joseph R. BIDEN (since 20 January 2009)", + "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president with Senate approval", + "elections": "president and vice president elected on the same ticket by a college of representatives who are elected directly from each state; president and vice president serve four-year terms (eligible for a second term); election last held 6 November 2012 (next to be held on 8 November 2016)", + "election_results": "Barack H. OBAMA reelected president; percent of popular vote - Barack H. OBAMA 50.6%, Mitt ROMNEY 47.9%, other 1.5%;" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral Congress consists of the Senate (100 seats, 2 members elected from each state by popular vote to serve six-year terms; one-third elected every two years) and the House of Representatives (435 seats; members directly elected by popular vote to serve two-year terms)", + "elections": "Senate - last held on 6 November 2012 (next to be held on 4 November 2014); House of Representatives - last held on 6 November 2012 (next to be held on 4 November 2014)", + "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 54, Republican Party 45, independent 1; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 201, Republican Party 234" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "US Supreme Court (consists of 9 justices - the chief justice and 8 associate justices) note - The US court system consists of the federal court system and the state court systems; although each court system is responsible for hearing certain types of cases, neither is completely independent of the other, and the systems often interact", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "president nominates, and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoints Supreme Court justices; justices appointed for life", + "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal (includes the US Court of Appeal for the Federal District and 12 regional appeals courts); 94 federal district courts in 50 states and territories" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Democratic Party [Debbie Wasserman SCHULTZ]; Green Party; Libertarian Party [Mark HINKLE]; Republican Party [Reince PRIEBUS]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "environmentalists; business groups; labor unions; churches; ethnic groups; political action committees or PACs; health groups; education groups; civic groups; youth groups; transportation groups; agricultural groups; veterans groups; women's groups; reform lobbies" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), ANZUS, APEC, Arctic Council, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CE (observer), CERN (observer), CICA (observer), CP, EAPC, EAS, EBRD, EITI (implementing country), FAO, FATF, G-20, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAFTA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNSC (permanent), UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "13 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing 50 small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six stars (top and bottom) alternating with rows of five stars; the 50 stars represent the 50 states, the 13 stripes represent the 13 original colonies; the blue stands for loyalty, devotion, truth, justice, and friendship; red symbolizes courage, zeal, and fervency, while white denotes purity and rectitude of conduct; commonly referred to by its nickname of Old Glory", + "note": "the design and colors have been the basis for a number of other flags, including Chile, Liberia, Malaysia, and Puerto Rico" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "bald eagle" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"The Star-Spangled Banner\"", + "lyrics_music": "Francis Scott KEY/John Stafford SMITH", + "note": "adopted 1931; during the War of 1812, after witnessing the successful American defense of Fort McHenry in Baltimore following British naval bombardment, Francis Scott KEY wrote the lyrics to what would become the national anthem; the lyrics were set to the tune of \"The Anacreontic Song\"; only the first verse is sung" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "The US has the largest and most technologically powerful economy in the world, with a per capita GDP of $49,800. In this market-oriented economy, private individuals and business firms make most of the decisions, and the federal and state governments buy needed goods and services predominantly in the private marketplace. US business firms enjoy greater flexibility than their counterparts in Western Europe and Japan in decisions to expand capital plant, to lay off surplus workers, and to develop new products. At the same time, they face higher barriers to enter their rivals' home markets than foreign firms face entering US markets. US firms are at or near the forefront in technological advances, especially in computers and in medical, aerospace, and military equipment; their advantage has narrowed since the end of World War II. The onrush of technology largely explains the gradual development of a \"two-tier labor market\" in which those at the bottom lack the education and the professional/technical skills of those at the top and, more and more, fail to get comparable pay raises, health insurance coverage, and other benefits. Since 1975, practically all the gains in household income have gone to the top 20% of households. Since 1996, dividends and capital gains have grown faster than wages or any other category of after-tax income. Imported oil accounts for nearly 55% of US consumption. Crude oil prices doubled between 2001 and 2006, the year home prices peaked; higher gasoline prices ate into consumers' budgets and many individuals fell behind in their mortgage payments. Oil prices climbed another 50% between 2006 and 2008, and bank foreclosures more than doubled in the same period. Besides dampening the housing market, soaring oil prices caused a drop in the value of the dollar and a deterioration in the US merchandise trade deficit, which peaked at $840 billion in 2008. The sub-prime mortgage crisis, falling home prices, investment bank failures, tight credit, and the global economic downturn pushed the United States into a recession by mid-2008. GDP contracted until the third quarter of 2009, making this the deepest and longest downturn since the Great Depression. To help stabilize financial markets, in October 2008 the US Congress established a $700 billion Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP). The government used some of these funds to purchase equity in US banks and industrial corporations, much of which had been returned to the government by early 2011. In January 2009 the US Congress passed and President Barack OBAMA signed a bill providing an additional $787 billion fiscal stimulus to be used over 10 years - two-thirds on additional spending and one-third on tax cuts - to create jobs and to help the economy recover. In 2010 and 2011, the federal budget deficit reached nearly 9% of GDP. In 2012 the federal government reduced the growth of spending and the deficit shrank to 7.6% of GDP. Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan required major shifts in national resources from civilian to military purposes and contributed to the growth of the budget deficit and public debt. Through 2011, the direct costs of the wars totaled nearly $900 billion, according to US government figures. US revenues from taxes and other sources are lower, as a percentage of GDP, than those of most other countries. In March 2010, President OBAMA signed into law the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, a health insurance reform that will extend coverage to an additional 32 million American citizens by 2016, through private health insurance for the general population and Medicaid for the impoverished. Total spending on health care - public plus private - rose from 9.0% of GDP in 1980 to 17.9% in 2010. In July 2010, the president signed the DODD-FRANK Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, a law designed to promote financial stability by protecting consumers from financial abuses, ending taxpayer bailouts of financial firms, dealing with troubled banks that are \"too big to fail,\" and improving accountability and transparency in the financial system - in particular, by requiring certain financial derivatives to be traded in markets that are subject to government regulation and oversight. In December 2012, the Federal Reserve Board announced plans to purchase $85 billion per month of mortgage-backed and Treasury securities in an effort to hold down long-term interest rates, and to keep short term rates near zero until unemployment drops to 6.5% from the December rate of 7.8%, or until inflation rises above 2.5%. Long-term problems include stagnation of wages for lower-income families, inadequate investment in deteriorating infrastructure, rapidly rising medical and pension costs of an aging population, energy shortages, and sizable current account and budget deficits - including significant budget shortages for state governments." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$15.94 trillion (2012 est.); $15.6 trillion (2011 est.); $15.32 trillion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$15.68 trillion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.2% (2012 est.); 1.8% (2011 est.); 2.4% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$50,700 (2012 est.); $50,000 (2011 est.); $49,500 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "10.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 9.2% of GDP (2011 est.); 8.9% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "70.9%", + "government_consumption": "19.5%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "12.8%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0.4%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "13.9%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-17.5% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "1.1%", + "industry": "19.2%", + "services": "79.7% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "wheat, corn, other grains, fruits, vegetables, cotton; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; fish; forest products" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "highly diversified, world leading, high-technology innovator, second largest industrial output in world; petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber, mining" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "3.2% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "155 million", + "note": "includes unemployed (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "farming_forestry_and_fishing": "0.7%", + "manufacturing_extraction_transportation_and_crafts": "20.3%", + "managerial_professional_and_technical": "37.3%", + "sales_and_office": "24.2%", + "other_services": "17.6%", + "note": "figures exclude the unemployed (2009)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "8.1% (2012 est.); 9% (2011 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "15.1% (2010 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "2%", + "highest_10%": "30% (2007 est.)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "45 (2007); 40.8 (1997)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$2.449 trillion", + "expenditures": "$3.538 trillion", + "note": "for the US, revenues exclude social contributions of approximately $1.0 trillion; expenditures exclude social benefits of approximately $2.3 trillion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "15.6% of GDP", + "note": "excludes contributions for social security and other programs; if social contributions were added, taxes and other revenues would amount to approximately 22% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-6.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "72.5% of GDP (2012 est.); 67.8% of GDP (2011 est.)", + "note": "data cover only what the United States Treasury denotes as \"Debt Held by the Public,\" which includes all debt instruments issued by the Treasury that are owned by non-US Government entities; the data include Treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by individual US states, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of Treasury borrowings from surpluses in the trusts for Federal Social Security, Federal Employees, Hospital Insurance (Medicare and Medicaid), Disability and Unemployment, and several other smaller trusts; if data for intra-government debt were added, \"Gross Debt\" would increase by about one-third of GDP" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "1 October - 30 September" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "2.1% (2012 est.); 3.1% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "0.5% (31 December 2010); 0.5% (31 December 2009)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "3.25% (31 December 2012 est.); 3.25% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$2.311 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.01 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$12.99 trillion (31 December 2011 est.); $12.07 trillion (31 December 2010 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$16.16 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $15.61 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$15.64 trillion (31 December 2011); $17.14 trillion (31 December 2010); $15.08 trillion (31 December 2009)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$487.2 billion (2012 est.); -$465.9 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$1.564 trillion (2012 est.); $1.497 trillion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "agricultural products (soybeans, fruit, corn) 9.2%, industrial supplies (organic chemicals) 26.8%, capital goods (transistors, aircraft, motor vehicle parts, computers, telecommunications equipment) 49.0%, consumer goods (automobiles, medicines) 15.0%" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "Canada 18.9%, Mexico 14%, China 7.2%, Japan 4.5% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$2.299 trillion (2012 est.); $2.236 trillion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "agricultural products 4.9%, industrial supplies 32.9% (crude oil 8.2%), capital goods 30.4% (computers, telecommunications equipment, motor vehicle parts, office machines, electric power machinery), consumer goods 31.8% (automobiles, clothing, medicines, furniture, toys)" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "China 19%, Canada 14.1%, Mexico 12%, Japan 6.4%, Germany 4.7% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$150.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $148 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$15.93 trillion (31 December 2012); $15.51 trillion (31 December 2011)", + "note": "approximately 4/5ths of US external debt is denominated in US dollars; foreign lenders have been willing to hold US dollar denominated debt instruments because they view the dollar as the world's reserve currency" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$2.723 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.548 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$4.507 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.156 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "british_pounds_per_us_dollar": "0.6324 (2012 est.), 0.624 (2011 est.), 0.6472 (2010), 0.6175 (2009), 0.5302 (2008)", + "canadian_dollars_per_us_dollar": "(2012 est.), 1.001 (2012 est.), 0.9895 (2011 est), 1.0302 (2010 est.), 1.1431 (2009), 1.0364 (2008)", + "chinese_yuan_per_us_dollar": "(2011 est.), 6.311 (2012 est.), 6.4615 (20111 est.), 6.7703 (2010 est.), 6.8314 (2009), 6.9385 (2008)", + "euros_per_us_dollar": "0.7838 (2012 est.), 0.7185 (2011 est.), 0.755 (2010 est.), 0.7198 (2009), 0.6827 (2008)", + "japanese_yen_per_us_dollar": "79.42 (2012 est.), 79.81 (2011 est.), 87.78 (2010), 93.57 (2009), 103.58 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "4.12 trillion kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "3.889 trillion kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "19.41 billion kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "45.23 billion kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "1.025 billion kW (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "75.5% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "9.9% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "7.7% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "4.8% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "9.023 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "43,800 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "9.013 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "20.68 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "17.88 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "18.84 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "1.876 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "1.255 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "651.3 billion cu m (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "689.9 billion cu m (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "42.67 billion cu m (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "97.86 billion cu m (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "7.716 trillion cu m (1 January 2009 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "5.61 billion Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "146 million (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "290.3 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "a large, technologically advanced, multipurpose communications system", + "domestic": "a large system of fiber-optic cable, microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, and domestic satellites carries every form of telephone traffic; a rapidly growing cellular system carries mobile telephone traffic throughout the country", + "international": "country code - 1; multiple ocean cable systems provide international connectivity; satellite earth stations - 61 Intelsat (45 Atlantic Ocean and 16 Pacific Ocean), 5 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 4 Inmarsat (Pacific and Atlantic Ocean regions) (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "4 major terrestrial TV networks with affiliate stations throughout the country, plus cable and satellite networks, independent stations, and a limited public broadcasting sector that is largely supported by private grants; overall, thousands of TV stations broadcasting; multiple national radio networks with many affiliate stations; while most stations are commercial, National Public Radio (NPR) has a network of some 600 member stations; satellite radio available; overall, nearly 15,000 radio stations operating (2008)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".us" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "505 million (2012); note - the US Internet total host count includes the following top level domain host addresses: .us, .com, .edu, .gov, .mil, .net, and .org" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "245 million (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "13,513 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "5,054", + "over_3_047_m": "189", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "235", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1,478", + "914_to_1_523_m": "2,249", + "under_914_m": "903 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "8,459", + "over_3_047_m": "1", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "6", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "140", + "914_to_1_523_m": "1,552", + "under_914_m": "6,760 (2013)" + }, + "heliports": { + "text": "5,287 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "natural gas 1,984,321 km; petroleum products 240,711 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "224,792 km", + "standard_gauge": "224,792 km 1.435-m gauge (2007)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "6,506,204 km", + "paved": "4,374,784 km (includes 75,238 km of expressways)", + "unpaved": "2,131,420 km (2008)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "41,009 km (19,312 km used for commerce; Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint Lawrence River of 3,058 km, is shared with Canada) (2012)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "393", + "by_type": "barge carrier 6, bulk carrier 55, cargo 51, carrier 2, chemical tanker 30, container 84, passenger 18, passenger/cargo 56, petroleum tanker 35, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 27, vehicle carrier 26", + "foreign_owned": "85 (Australia 1, Bermuda 5, Denmark 31, France 4, Germany 5, Malaysia 2, Norway 17, Singapore 16, UK 4)", + "registered_in_other_countries": "794 (Antigua and Barbuda 7, Australia 2, Bahamas 109, Belgium 1, Bermuda 26, Canada 10, Cayman Islands 57, Comoros 2, Cyprus 5, Georgia 1, Greece 8, Honduras 1, Hong Kong 44, Indonesia 2, Ireland 2, Isle of Man 1, Italy 23, Liberia 53, Malta 34, Marshall Islands 200, Netherlands 16, Norway 10, Panama 90, Portugal 4, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 18, Singapore 36, South Korea 8, Togo 1, UK 14, Vanuatu 2, unknown 6) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "cargo_ports_tonnage": "Baton Rouge, Corpus Christi, Hampton Roads, Houston, Long Beach, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York, Plaquemines, Tampa, Texas City", + "container_ports_teus": "Los Angeles (7,849,985), Long Beach (6,350,125), New York/New Jersey (5,265,058), Savannah (2,616,126), Oakland (2,236,244), Hampton Roads (2,083,278) (2008)", + "cruise_departure_ports_passengers": "Miami (2,032,000), Port Everglades (1,277,000), Port Canaveral (1,189,000), Seattle (430,000), Long Beach (415,000) (2009)", + "oil_terminals": "LOOP terminal, Haymark terminal" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "United States Armed Forces: US Army, US Navy (includes Marine Corps), US Air Force, US Coast Guard; note - Coast Guard administered in peacetime by the Department of Homeland Security, but in wartime reports to the Department of the Navy (2013)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age (17 years of age with parental consent) for male and female voluntary service; no conscription; maximum enlistment age 42 (Army), 27 (Air Force), 34 (Navy), 28 (Marines); service obligation 8 years, including 2-5 years active duty (Army), 2 years active (Navy), 4 years active (Air Force, Marines); DoD is eliminating prohibitions restricting women from assignments in units smaller than brigades or near combat units (2013)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "73,270,043", + "females_age_16_49": "71,941,969 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "60,620,143", + "females_age_16_49": "59,401,941 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "2,161,727", + "female": "2,055,685 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "4.6% of GDP (2010)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "the US has intensified domestic security measures and is collaborating closely with its neighbors, Canada and Mexico, to monitor and control legal and illegal personnel, transport, and commodities across the international borders; abundant rainfall in recent years along much of the Mexico-US border region has ameliorated periodically strained water-sharing arrangements; 1990 Maritime Boundary Agreement in the Bering Sea still awaits Russian Duma ratification; Canada and the United States dispute how to divide the Beaufort Sea and the status of the Northwest Passage but continue to work cooperatively to survey the Arctic continental shelf; The Bahamas and US have not been able to agree on a maritime boundary; US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased from Cuba and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the area can terminate the lease; Haiti claims US-administered Navassa Island; US has made no territorial claim in Antarctica (but has reserved the right to do so) and does not recognize the claims of any other states; Marshall Islands claims Wake Island; Tokelau included American Samoa's Swains Island among the islands listed in its 2006 draft constitution" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "the US admitted 58,238 refugees during FY2012 including 15,070 (Bhutan); 14,160 (Burma); 12,163 (Iraq); 4,911 (Somalia); 1,948 (Cuba); 1,758 (Iran); 1,346 (Eritrea)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "world's largest consumer of cocaine (shipped from Colombia through Mexico and the Caribbean), Colombian heroin, and Mexican heroin and marijuana; major consumer of ecstasy and Mexican methamphetamine; minor consumer of high-quality Southeast Asian heroin; illicit producer of cannabis, marijuana, depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, and methamphetamine; money-laundering center" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/south-america/br-brazil.json b/south-america/br-brazil.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a63b0ede --- /dev/null +++ b/south-america/br-brazil.json @@ -0,0 +1,636 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Following more than three centuries under Portuguese rule, Brazil gained its independence in 1822, maintaining a monarchical system of government until the abolition of slavery in 1888 and the subsequent proclamation of a republic by the military in 1889. Brazilian coffee exporters politically dominated the country until populist leader Getulio VARGAS rose to power in 1930. By far the largest and most populous country in South America, Brazil underwent more than a half century of populist and military government until 1985, when the military regime peacefully ceded power to civilian rulers. Brazil continues to pursue industrial and agricultural growth and development of its interior. Exploiting vast natural resources and a large labor pool, it is today South America's leading economic power and a regional leader, one of the first in the area to begin an economic recovery. Highly unequal income distribution and crime remain pressing problems." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Eastern South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "10 00 S, 55 00 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "South America" + }, + "area": { + "total": "8,514,877 sq km", + "land": "8,459,417 sq km", + "water": "55,460 sq km", + "note": "includes Arquipelago de Fernando de Noronha, Atol das Rocas, Ilha da Trindade, Ilhas Martin Vaz, and Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than the US" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "16,885 km", + "border_countries": "Argentina 1,261 km, Bolivia 3,423 km, Colombia 1,644 km, French Guiana 730 km, Guyana 1,606 km, Paraguay 1,365 km, Peru 2,995 km, Suriname 593 km, Uruguay 1,068 km, Venezuela 2,200 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "7,491 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", + "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to edge of the continental margin" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "mostly tropical, but temperate in south" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "mostly flat to rolling lowlands in north; some plains, hills, mountains, and narrow coastal belt" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Pico da Neblina 2,994 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, platinum, tin, rare earth elements, uranium, petroleum, hydropower, timber" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "8.45%", + "permanent_crops": "0.83%", + "other": "90.72% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "54,000 sq km (2011)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "8,233 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "58.07 cu km/yr (28%/17%/55%)", + "per_capita": "306 cu m/yr (2006)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "recurring droughts in northeast; floods and occasional frost in south" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "deforestation in Amazon Basin destroys the habitat and endangers a multitude of plant and animal species indigenous to the area; there is a lucrative illegal wildlife trade; air and water pollution in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and several other large cities; land degradation and water pollution caused by improper mining activities; wetland degradation; severe oil spills" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "largest country in South America; shares common boundaries with every South American country except Chile and Ecuador" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Brazilian(s)", + "adjective": "Brazilian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "white 53.7%, mulatto (mixed white and black) 38.5%, black 6.2%, other (includes Japanese, Arab, Amerindian) 0.9%, unspecified 0.7% (2000 census)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Portuguese (official and most widely spoken language)", + "note": "less common languages include Spanish (border areas and schools), German, Italian, Japanese, English, and a large number of minor Amerindian languages" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Roman Catholic (nominal) 73.6%, Protestant 15.4%, Spiritualist 1.3%, Bantu/Voodoo 0.3%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.2%, none 7.4% (2000 census)" + }, + "demographic_profile": { + "text": "Brazil's rapid fertility decline since the 1960s is the main factor behind the country's slowing population growth rate, aging population, and fast-paced demographic transition. Brasilia has not taken full advantage of its large working-age population to develop its human capital and strengthen its social and economic institutions. The current favorable age structure will begin to shift around 2025, with the labor force shrinking and the elderly starting to compose an increasing share of the total population. Well-funded public pensions have nearly wiped out poverty among the elderly, but limited social spending on children has restricted investment in education - a primary means of escaping poverty. Brazil's poverty and income inequality levels remain high despite improvements in the 2000s and continue to disproportionately affect the Northeast, North, and Center-West, women, and black, mixed race, and indigenous populations. Disparities in opportunities foster social exclusion and contribute to Brazil's high crime rate, particularly violent crime in cities and favelas. Brazil has traditionally been a net recipient of immigrants, with its southeast being the prime destination. After the importation of African slaves was outlawed in the mid-19th century, Brazil sought Europeans (Italians, Portuguese, Spaniards, and Germans) and later Asians (Japanese) to work in agriculture, especially coffee cultivation. Recent immigrants come mainly from Argentina, Chile, and Andean countries (many are unskilled illegal migrants) or are returning Brazilian nationals. Since Brazil's economic downturn in the 1980s, emigration to the United States, Europe, and Japan has been rising but is negligible relative to Brazil's total population. The majority of these emigrants are well-educated and middle-class. Fewer Brazilian peasants are emigrating to neighboring countries to take up agricultural work." + }, + "population": { + "text": "201,009,622 (July 2013 est.) (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "24.2% (male 24,814,906/female 23,879,697)", + "15_24_years": "16.7% (male 16,982,245/female 16,513,161)", + "25_54_years": "43.6% (male 43,396,927/female 44,170,680)", + "55_64_years": "8.2% (male 7,792,041/female 8,736,359)", + "65_years_and_over": "7.3% (male 6,250,580/female 8,473,026) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "46.2 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "35.2 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "11 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "9.1 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "30.3 years", + "male": "29.5 years", + "female": "31.1 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.83% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "14.97 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "6.51 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-0.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "87% of total population (2010)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "1.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "Sao Paulo 19.96 million; Rio de Janeiro 11.836 million; Belo Horizonte 5.736 million; Porto Alegre 4.034 million; BRASILIA (capital) 3.813 million (2011)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.89 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.74 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "56 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "19.83 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "23.16 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "16.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "73.02 years", + "male": "69.48 years", + "female": "76.74 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "1.81 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "80.3% (2006)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "9% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "1.72 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "2.4 beds/1,000 population (2010)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 85% of population; total: 98% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 15% of population; total: 2% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 85% of population; rural: 44% of population; total: 79% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 15% of population; rural: 56% of population; total: 21% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "18.8% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "2.2% (2007)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "5.6% of GDP (2009)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "90.4%", + "male": "90.1%", + "female": "90.7% (2010 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "14 years", + "male": "14 years", + "female": "15 years (2005)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "959,942", + "percentage": "3 %", + "note": "data represents children ages 5-13 (2009 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "17.8%", + "male": "13.9%", + "female": "23.1% (2009)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Federative Republic of Brazil", + "conventional_short_form": "Brazil", + "local_long_form": "Republica Federativa do Brasil", + "local_short_form": "Brasil" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "federal republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Brasilia", + "geographic_coordinates": "15 47 S, 47 55 W", + "time_difference": "UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", + "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins third Sunday in October; ends third Sunday in February", + "note": "Brazil is divided into three time zones, including one for the Fernando de Noronha Islands" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "26 states (estados, singular - estado) and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Acre, Alagoas, Amapa, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceara, Distrito Federal*, Espirito Santo, Goias, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Para, Paraiba, Parana, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondonia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Sergipe, Tocantins" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "7 September 1822 (from Portugal)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 7 September (1822)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "5 October 1988" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "civil law; note - a new civil law code was enacted in 2002 replacing the 1916 code" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "voluntary between 16 to under 18 years of age and over 70; compulsory 18 to 70 years of age; note - military conscripts do not vote by law" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Dilma ROUSSEFF (since 1 January 2011); Vice President Michel TEMER (since 1 January 2011); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", + "head_of_government": "President Dilma ROUSSEFF (since 1 January 2011); Vice President Michel TEMER (since 1 January 2011)", + "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president", + "elections": "president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a single four-year term; election last held on 3 October 2010 with runoff on 31 October 2010 (next to be held on 5 October 2014 and, if necessary, a runoff election on 2 November 2014)", + "election_results": "Dilma ROUSSEFF (PT) elected president in a runoff election; percent of vote - Dilma ROUSSEFF 56.01%, Jose SERRA (PSDB) 43.99%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral National Congress or Congresso Nacional consists of the Federal Senate or Senado Federal (81 seats; 3 members from each state and federal district elected according to the principle of majority to serve eight-year terms; one-third and two-thirds of members elected every four years, alternately) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara dos Deputados (513 seats; members are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms)", + "elections": "Federal Senate - last held on 3 October 2010 for two-thirds of the Senate (next to be held in October 2014 for one-third of the Senate); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 3 October 2010 (next to be held in October 2014)", + "election_results": "Federal Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PMDB 20, PT 13, PSDB 10, DEM (formerly PFL) 7, PTdoB 6, PP 5, PDT 4, PR 4, PSB 4, PPS 1, PRB 1, other 3; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PT 87, PMDB 80, PSDB 53, DEM (formerly PFL) 43, PP 41, PR 41, PSB 34, PDT 28, PTdoB 21, PSC 17, PCdoB 15, PV 15, PPS 12, other 26" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Federal Court (consists of 11 justices)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "justices appointed by the president and approved by the Federal Senate; justices appointed to serve until mandatory retirement at age 70", + "subordinate_courts": "Federal Appeals Court, Superior Court of Justice, Superior Electoral Court, regional federal courts; state court system" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Brazilian Communist Party or PCB [Ivan Martins PINHEIRO]; Brazilian Democratic Movement Party or PMDB [Valdir RAUPP, acting]; Brazilian Labor Party or PTB [Benito GAMA, acting]; Brazilian Renewal Labor Party or PRTB [Jose Levy FIDELIX da Cruz]; Brazilian Republican Party or PRB [Marcos Antonio PEREIRA]; Brazilian Social Democracy Party or PSDB [Sergio GUERRA]; Brazilian Socialist Party or PSB [Eduardo CAMPOS]; Christian Labor Party or PTC [Daniel TOURINHO]; Christian Social Democratic Party or PSDC [Jose Maria EYMAEL]; Communist Party of Brazil or PCdoB [Jose Renato RABELO]; Democratic Labor Party or PDT [Carlos Roberto LUPI]; the Democrats or DEM [Jose AGRIPINO] (formerly Liberal Front Party or PFL); Free Homeland Party or PPL [Sergio Rubens de Araujo TORRES]; Green Party or PV [Jose Luiz PENNA]; Humanist Party of Solidarity or PHS [Eduardo Machado e Silva RODRIGUES]; Labor Party of Brazil or PTB [Luis Henrique de Oliveira RESENDE]; National Ecologic Party or PEN [Adilson Barroso OLIVEIRA]; National Labor Party or PTN [Jose Masci de ABREU]; National Mobilization Party or PMN [Oscar Noronha FILHO]; Party of the Republic or PR [Alfredo NASCIMENTO]; Popular Socialist Party or PPS [Roberto Joao PEREIRA FREIRE]; Progressive Party or PP [Francisco DORNELLES]; Progressive Republican Party or PRP [Ovasco Roma Altimari RESENDE]; Social Christian Party or PSC [Vitor Jorge Abdala NOSSEIS]; Social Democratic Party (Partido Social Democratico) or PSD [Gilberto KASSAB]; Social Liberal Party or PSL [Luciano Caldas BIVAR]; Socialism and Freedom Party (Partido Socialismo e Liberdade) or PSOL [Ivan VALENTE]; United Socialist Workers' Party or PSTU [Jose Maria DE ALMEIDA]; Workers' Cause Party or PCO [Rui Costa PIMENTA]; Workers' Party or PT [Rui FALCAO]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Landless Workers' Movement or MST", + "other": "industrial federations; labor unions and federations; large farmers' associations; religious groups including evangelical Christian churches and the Catholic Church" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "AfDB (nonregional member), BIS, BRICS, CAN (associate), CD, CELAC, CPLP, FAO, FATF, G-15, G-20, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, LAS (observer), Mercosur, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS, OECD (Enhanced Engagement, OPANAL, OPCW, Paris Club (associate), PCA, SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNMIT, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Mauro Luiz Iecker VIEIRA", + "chancery": "3006 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 238-2805", + "fax": "[1] (202) 238-2827", + "consulates_general": "Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Hartford (CT), Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Thomas A. SHANNON", + "embassy": "Avenida das Nacoes, Quadra 801, Lote 3, Distrito Federal Cep 70403-900, Brasilia", + "mailing_address": "Unit 7500, DPO, AA 34030", + "telephone": "[55] (61) 3312-7000", + "fax": "[55] (61) 3225-9136", + "consulates_general": "Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo", + "consulates": "Recife" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "green with a large yellow diamond in the center bearing a blue celestial globe with 27 white five-pointed stars; the globe has a white equatorial band with the motto ORDEM E PROGRESSO (Order and Progress); the current flag was inspired by the banner of the former Empire of Brazil (1822-1889); on the imperial flag, the green represented the House of Braganza of Pedro I, the first Emperor of Brazil, while the yellow stood for the Habsburg Family of his wife; on the modern flag the green represents the forests of the country and the yellow rhombus its mineral wealth; the blue circle and stars, which replaced the coat of arms of the original flag, depict the sky over Rio de Janeiro on the morning of 15 November 1889 - the day the Republic of Brazil was declared; the number of stars has changed with the creation of new states and has risen from an original 21 to the current 27 (one for each state and the Federal District)" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "Southern Cross constellation" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Hino Nacional Brasileiro\" (Brazilian National Anthem)", + "lyrics_music": "Joaquim Osorio Duque ESTRADA/Francisco Manoel DA SILVA", + "note": "music adopted 1890, lyrics adopted 1922; the anthem's music, composed in 1822, was used unofficially for many years before it was adopted" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Characterized by large and well-developed agricultural, mining, manufacturing, and service sectors, Brazil's economy outweighs that of all other South American countries, and Brazil is expanding its presence in world markets. Since 2003, Brazil has steadily improved its macroeconomic stability, building up foreign reserves, and reducing its debt profile by shifting its debt burden toward real denominated and domestically held instruments. In 2008, Brazil became a net external creditor and two ratings agencies awarded investment grade status to its debt. After strong growth in 2007 and 2008, the onset of the global financial crisis hit Brazil in 2008. Brazil experienced two quarters of recession, as global demand for Brazil's commodity-based exports dwindled and external credit dried up. However, Brazil was one of the first emerging markets to begin a recovery. In 2010, consumer and investor confidence revived and GDP growth reached 7.5%, the highest growth rate in the past 25 years. Rising inflation led the authorities to take measures to cool the economy; these actions and the deteriorating international economic situation slowed growth to 2.7% in 2011, and 1.3% in 2012. Unemployment is at historic lows and Brazil's traditionally high level of income inequality has declined for each of the last 14 years. Brazil's historically high interest rates have made it an attractive destination for foreign investors. Large capital inflows over the past several years have contributed to the appreciation of the currency, hurting the competitiveness of Brazilian manufacturing and leading the government to intervene in foreign exchange markets and raise taxes on some foreign capital inflows. President Dilma ROUSSEFF has retained the previous administration's commitment to inflation targeting by the central bank, a floating exchange rate, and fiscal restraint. In an effort to boost growth, in 2012 the administration implemented a somewhat more expansionary monetary policy that has failed to stimulate much growth." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$2.394 trillion (2012 est.); $2.374 trillion (2011 est.); $2.31 trillion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$2.396 trillion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.9% (2012 est.); 2.7% (2011 est.); 7.5% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$12,100 (2012 est.); $12,100 (2011 est.); $11,900 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "15.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 17.6% of GDP (2011 est.); 18% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "62.3%", + "government_consumption": "21.5%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "18.1%", + "investment_in_inventories": "-0.5%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "12.6%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-14% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "5.2%", + "industry": "26.3%", + "services": "68.5% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "coffee, soybeans, wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, citrus; beef" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and equipment" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "-0.8% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "106.3 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "15.7%", + "industry": "13.3%", + "services": "71% (2011 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "5.5% (2012 est.); 6% (2011 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "21.4%", + "note": "official Brazilian data show 4.2% of the population being below the \"extreme\" poverty line in 2011 (2009 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "0.8%", + "highest_10%": "42.9% (2009 est.)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "51.9 (2012); 55.3 (2001)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$875.5 billion", + "expenditures": "$822.1 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "36.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "2.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "58.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 54.2% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "5.4% (2012 est.); 6.6% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "7.25% (31 December 2012 est.); 11% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "36.63% (31 December 2012 est.); 43.88% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$158.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $152.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$1.878 trillion (30 November 2011 est.); $1.826 trillion (31 December 2010 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$2.381 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.22 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$1.229 trillion (31 December 2011); $1.546 trillion (31 December 2010); $1.167 trillion (31 December 2009)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$65.13 billion (2012 est.); -$52.48 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$242.6 billion (2012 est.); $256 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "transport equipment, iron ore, soybeans, footwear, coffee, autos" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "China 17%, US 11.1%, Argentina 7.4%, Netherlands 6.2% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$223.2 billion (2012 est.); $226.2 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "machinery, electrical and transport equipment, chemical products, oil, automotive parts, electronics" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "China 15.4%, US 14.7%, Argentina 7.4%, Germany 6.4%, South Korea 4.1% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$373.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $352 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$428.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $404.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$609.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $544.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$182 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $184.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "reals (BRL) per US dollar -; 1.9546 (2012 est.); 1.675 (2011 est.); 1.7592 (2010 est.); 2 (2009); 1.8644 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "489.5 billion kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "438.3 billion kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "1.257 billion kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "36.63 billion kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "106.2 million kW (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "17.1% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "1.9% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "74.7% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "6.3% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "2.633 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "533,200 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "412,500 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "26 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "2.008 million bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "2.594 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "164,300 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "325,400 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "24.07 billion cu m (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "26.7 billion cu m (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "12.6 billion cu m (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "416.9 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "453.9 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "43.026 million (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "244.358 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "good working system including an extensive microwave radio relay system and a domestic satellite system with 64 earth stations", + "domestic": "fixed-line connections have remained relatively stable in recent years and stand at about 20 per 100 persons; less expensive mobile-cellular technology has been a major driver in expanding telephone service to the lower-income segments of the population with mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 120 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 55; landing point for a number of submarine cables, including Americas-1, Americas-2, Atlantis-2, GlobeNet, South America-1, South American Crossing/Latin American Nautilus, and UNISUR that provide direct connectivity to South and Central America, the Caribbean, the US, Africa, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region east), connected by microwave relay system to Mercosur Brazilsat B3 satellite earth station (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "state-run Radiobras operates a radio and a TV network; more than 1,000 radio stations and more than 100 TV channels operating - mostly privately owned; private media ownership highly concentrated (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".br" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "26.577 million (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "75.982 million (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "4,093 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "698", + "over_3_047_m": "7", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "27", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "179", + "914_to_1_523_m": "436", + "under_914_m": "49 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "3,395", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "92", + "914_to_1_523_m": "1,619", + "under_914_m": "1,684 (2013)" + }, + "heliports": { + "text": "13 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "condensate/gas 251 km; gas 17,312 km; liquid petroleum gas 352 km; oil 4,831 km; refined products 4,722 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "28,538 km", + "broad_gauge": "5,627 km 1.600-m gauge (467 km electrified)", + "standard_gauge": "194 km 1.440-m gauge", + "narrow_gauge": "22,717 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "1,580,964 km", + "paved": "212,798 km", + "unpaved": "1,368,166 km", + "note": "does not include urban roads (2010)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "50,000 km (most in areas remote from industry and population) (2012)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "109", + "by_type": "bulk carrier 18, cargo 16, chemical tanker 7, container 13, liquefied gas 11, petroleum tanker 39, roll on/roll off 5", + "foreign_owned": "27 (Chile 1, Denmark 3, Germany 6, Greece 1, Norway 3, Spain 12, Turkey 1)", + "registered_in_other_countries": "36 (Argentina 1, Bahamas 1, Ghana 1, Liberia 20, Marshall Islands 1, Panama 3, Singapore 9) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Belem, Paranagua, Rio Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Santos, Sao Sebastiao, Tubarao", + "river_ports": "Manaus (Amazon)", + "dry_bulk_cargo_ports": "Sepetiba ore terminal", + "container_ports_teus": "Santos (2,985,922), Itajai (983,985)(2011)", + "oil_gas_terminals": "DTSE/Gegua oil terminal, Ilha Grande (Gebig), Guaiba Island terminal, Guamare oil terminal" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Brazilian Army (Exercito Brasileiro, EB), Brazilian Navy (Marinha do Brasil (MB), includes Naval Air and Marine Corps (Corpo de Fuzileiros Navais)), Brazilian Air Force (Forca Aerea Brasileira, FAB) (2011)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18-45 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation is 9-12 months; 17-45 years of age for voluntary service; an increasing percentage of the ranks are \"long-service\" volunteer professionals; women were allowed to serve in the armed forces beginning in early 1980s when the Brazilian Army became the first army in South America to accept women into career ranks; women serve in Navy and Air Force only in Women's Reserve Corps (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "53,350,703", + "females_age_16_49": "53,433,918 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "38,993,989", + "females_age_16_49": "44,841,661 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "1,733,168", + "female": "1,672,477 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "1.3% of GDP (2012)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "uncontested boundary dispute between Brazil and Uruguay over Braziliera/Brasiliera Island in the Quarai/Cuareim River leaves the tripoint with Argentina in question; smuggling of firearms and narcotics continues to be an issue along the Uruguay-Brazil border; Colombian-organized illegal narcotics and paramilitary activities penetrate Brazil's border region with Venezuela" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "second-largest consumer of cocaine in the world; illicit producer of cannabis; trace amounts of coca cultivation in the Amazon region, used for domestic consumption; government has a large-scale eradication program to control cannabis; important transshipment country for Bolivian, Colombian, and Peruvian cocaine headed for Europe; also used by traffickers as a way station for narcotics air transshipments between Peru and Colombia; upsurge in drug-related violence and weapons smuggling; important market for Colombian, Bolivian, and Peruvian cocaine; illicit narcotics proceeds are often laundered through the financial system; significant illicit financial activity in the Tri-Border Area (2008)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file