From fa5abe17b3ea9788672ef174094c1524a47c5b7b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Yo Robot Date: Thu, 13 Oct 2022 22:33:13 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] auto-update week 41 --- africa/ao.json | 2 +- africa/cd.json | 4 ++-- africa/cf.json | 2 +- africa/cm.json | 2 +- africa/eg.json | 2 +- africa/ek.json | 2 +- africa/et.json | 2 +- africa/lt.json | 4 ++-- africa/mo.json | 2 +- africa/mp.json | 2 +- africa/mz.json | 2 +- africa/od.json | 2 +- africa/rw.json | 2 +- africa/sf.json | 2 +- africa/so.json | 2 +- africa/su.json | 2 +- africa/to.json | 2 +- africa/ts.json | 2 +- africa/tz.json | 2 +- africa/ug.json | 10 +++++----- africa/wa.json | 2 +- antarctica/fs.json | 17 +++++++++++++++-- australia-oceania/fj.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/tn.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/td.json | 2 +- central-asia/kg.json | 2 +- central-asia/kz.json | 2 +- central-asia/rs.json | 2 +- central-asia/ti.json | 2 +- central-asia/tx.json | 2 +- central-asia/uz.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json | 6 +++--- east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/la.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json | 4 ++-- east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json | 6 +++--- east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json | 4 ++-- east-n-southeast-asia/th.json | 8 ++++---- east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json | 4 ++-- europe/an.json | 2 +- europe/au.json | 26 +++++++++++++------------- europe/be.json | 28 ++++++++++++++-------------- europe/bk.json | 2 +- europe/bo.json | 2 +- europe/cy.json | 2 +- europe/da.json | 18 ++++++++---------- europe/en.json | 4 ++-- europe/ez.json | 2 +- europe/fi.json | 4 ++-- europe/gm.json | 4 ++-- europe/gr.json | 2 +- europe/hr.json | 2 +- europe/hu.json | 2 +- europe/lg.json | 2 +- europe/lh.json | 2 +- europe/lo.json | 2 +- europe/lu.json | 2 +- europe/md.json | 4 ++-- europe/mj.json | 2 +- europe/mk.json | 4 ++-- europe/mt.json | 4 ++-- europe/nl.json | 4 ++-- europe/no.json | 6 +++--- europe/pl.json | 15 ++++++++------- europe/po.json | 2 +- europe/ri.json | 12 ++++++------ europe/ro.json | 4 ++-- europe/si.json | 2 +- europe/sm.json | 2 +- europe/sp.json | 4 ++-- europe/sw.json | 4 ++-- europe/sz.json | 2 +- europe/up.json | 10 +++++----- middle-east/am.json | 2 +- middle-east/ir.json | 2 +- middle-east/sa.json | 5 +++-- middle-east/tu.json | 2 +- middle-east/ym.json | 2 +- north-america/mx.json | 2 +- oceans/oo.json | 2 +- oceans/zn.json | 2 +- south-asia/af.json | 11 ++++++----- south-asia/in.json | 2 +- 88 files changed, 185 insertions(+), 171 deletions(-) diff --git a/africa/ao.json b/africa/ao.json index 8388f0eb..4f8b6977 100644 --- a/africa/ao.json +++ b/africa/ao.json @@ -1296,7 +1296,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "37,177 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 9,272 (Guinea), 6,357 (Cote d'Ivoire), 5,725 (Mauritania) (2022)" + "text": "37,162 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 9,272 (Guinea), 6,357 (Cote d'Ivoire), 5,725 (Mauritania) (2022)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { diff --git a/africa/cd.json b/africa/cd.json index 0c7c60a1..24a7fa61 100644 --- a/africa/cd.json +++ b/africa/cd.json @@ -1238,7 +1238,7 @@ "text": "the ANT is mostly armed with older or second-hand equipment from Belgium, France, Russia, and the former Soviet Union; since 2010, it has received equipment, including donations, from more than 10 countries, including China, Italy, Ukraine, and the US (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "20 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service for men with an 18-36 month service obligation (information varies); women are subject to 12 months of compulsory military or civic service at age 21; 18-35 for voluntary service; soldiers released from active duty are in the reserves until the age of 50 (2021)" + "text": "20 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service for men with an 18-36 month service obligation (information varies); women are subject to 12 months of compulsory military or civic service at age 21; 18-35 for voluntary service; soldiers released from active duty are in the reserves until the age of 50 (2022)" }, "Military deployments": { "text": "1,450 Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022)", @@ -1260,7 +1260,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "387,753 (Sudan), 124,488 (Central African Republic), 35,137 (Cameroon), 20,218 (Nigeria) (2022)" + "text": "387,753 (Sudan), 124,509 (Central African Republic), 35,137 (Cameroon), 20,272 (Nigeria) (2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "381,289 (majority are in the east) (2022)" diff --git a/africa/cf.json b/africa/cf.json index f002cf26..c0fce940 100644 --- a/africa/cf.json +++ b/africa/cf.json @@ -1287,7 +1287,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "29,168 (Central African Republic), 22,150 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022)" + "text": "29,229 (Central African Republic), 22,150 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "159,830 (multiple civil wars since 1992) (2022)" diff --git a/africa/cm.json b/africa/cm.json index 9d09c3cc..e9649290 100644 --- a/africa/cm.json +++ b/africa/cm.json @@ -1339,7 +1339,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "347,937 (Central African Republic), 135,472 (Nigeria) (2022)" + "text": "351,541 (Central African Republic), 136,036 (Nigeria) (2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "975,786 (2022) (includes far north, northwest, and southwest)" diff --git a/africa/eg.json b/africa/eg.json index 20466423..07072f24 100644 --- a/africa/eg.json +++ b/africa/eg.json @@ -1328,7 +1328,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "70,022 (West Bank and Gaza Strip) (mid-year 2021); 144,167 (Syria), 52,446 (Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 20,970 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 21,105 (Eritrea) (refugees and asylum seekers), 15,585 (Ethiopia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 10,025 (Yemen) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,815 (Iraq) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,802 (Somalia) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022)" + "text": "70,022 (West Bank and Gaza Strip) (mid-year 2021); 144,768 (Syria), 52,446 (Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 20,970 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 21,105 (Eritrea) (refugees and asylum seekers), 15,585 (Ethiopia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 10,025 (Yemen) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,815 (Iraq) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,802 (Somalia) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "7 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/africa/ek.json b/africa/ek.json index a8bf4989..7b67bc96 100644 --- a/africa/ek.json +++ b/africa/ek.json @@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ }, "Capital": { "name": { - "text": "Malabo; note - a new capital of Ciudad de la Paz (formerly referred to as Oyala) is being built on the mainland near Djibloho; Malabo is on the island of Bioko" + "text": "Malabo; note - Malabo is on the island of Bioko; in 2017, some governmental offices began to move to a new capital of Ciudad de la Paz (formerly referred to as Oyala) on the mainland near Djibloho, but a lack of funds has halted progress on construction " }, "geographic coordinates": { "text": "3 45 N, 8 47 E" diff --git a/africa/et.json b/africa/et.json index 78db9139..564ee4e5 100644 --- a/africa/et.json +++ b/africa/et.json @@ -1335,7 +1335,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "405,252 (South Sudan), 250,097 (Somalia), 161,781 (Eritrea), 48,046 (Sudan) (2022)" + "text": "406,001 (South Sudan), 250,719 (Somalia), 161,781 (Eritrea), 48,046 (Sudan) (2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "2,114,653 (includes conflict- and climate-induced IDPs, excluding unverified estimates from the Amhara region; border war with Eritrea from 1998-2000; ethnic clashes; and ongoing fighting between the Ethiopian military and separatist rebel groups in the Somali and Oromia regions; natural disasters; intercommunal violence; most IDPs live in Sumale state) (2021)" diff --git a/africa/lt.json b/africa/lt.json index 7bd4a9d5..a68db1bc 100644 --- a/africa/lt.json +++ b/africa/lt.json @@ -603,10 +603,10 @@ "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (33 seats; 22 principal chiefs and 11 other senators nominated by the king with the advice of the Council of State, a 13-member body of key government and non-government officials; members serve 5-year terms)
National Assembly (120 seats; 80 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 40 elected through proportional representation; members serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "Senate - last nominated by the king on 11 July 2017 (next in late July 2022)
National Assembly - last held on 3 June 2017 (next to be held on 30 September 2022)" + "text": "Senate - last nominated by the king on July 2022 (next in late July 2027)
National Assembly - last held on 7 October 2022 (next to be held on October 2027)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Senate - percent of votes by party - NA, seats by party - NA; composition - men 26, women 7, percent of women 21.2%
National Assembly - percent of votes by party - ABC 40.5%, DC 25.8%, LCD 9%, AD 7.3%, MEC 5.1%, BNP 4.1, PFD 2.3%, other 5.9%; seats by party - ABC 51, DC 30, LCD 11, AD 9, MEC 6, BNP 5, PFD 3, other 5; composition - men 87, women 28, percent of women 23.3%; note - total Parliament percent of women 22.9%" + "text": "Senate - percent of votes by party - NA, seats by party - NA; composition - men 26, women 7, percent of women 21.2%
National Assembly - percent of votes by party - RFP 38.9%, DC 24.7%, ABC 7.1%, BAP 5.4%, AD 4.0%, MEC 3.2%, LCD 2.3%, SR 2.1%, BNP 1.4%, PFD 0.9%, BCM 0.8%, MPS 0.8%, MIP 0.7%; seats by party - RFP 56, DC 29, ABC 8, BAP 6, AD 5, MEC 4, LCD 3, SR 2, BNP 1, PFD 1,BCM 1, MPS 1, NIP 1, HOPE 1, TBD 1; composition - men 87, women 28, percent of women 23.3%; note - total Parliament percent of women 22.9%" } }, "Judicial branch": { diff --git a/africa/mo.json b/africa/mo.json index 824a3ed0..4945556f 100644 --- a/africa/mo.json +++ b/africa/mo.json @@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ "text": "the Moroccan military's inventory is comprised of mostly older French and US equipment; since 2010, it has received equipment from about a dozen countries with France and the US as the leading suppliers (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "19-25 years of age for 12-month compulsory military service (reintroduced in 2019); both sexes (age 20-27 for women) are obligated to national service (2021)" + "text": "19-25 years of age for 12-month compulsory and voluntary military service for men and women (conscription abolished 2006 and reintroduced in 2019) (2022)" }, "Military deployments": { "text": "775 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 925 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) (May 2022)" diff --git a/africa/mp.json b/africa/mp.json index 154dd3f9..6bbaa9d2 100644 --- a/africa/mp.json +++ b/africa/mp.json @@ -1178,7 +1178,7 @@ "text": "service is voluntary (2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "as of 2022, the country’s primary security partner was India, and Indian naval vessels often patrol Mauritian waters; the MPF has also received assistance and training from France, the UK, and the US; the MPF’s chief security concerns are piracy and narcotics trafficking

the Special Mobile Force was created in 1960 following the withdrawal of the British garrison (2022)" + "text": "as of 2022, the country’s primary security partner was India, and Indian naval vessels often patrol Mauritian waters; the MPF has also received assistance and training from France, the UK, and the US; the MPF’s chief security concerns were piracy and narcotics trafficking

the Special Mobile Force was created in 1960 following the withdrawal of the British garrison (2022)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/africa/mz.json b/africa/mz.json index e7c43734..eedd27c1 100644 --- a/africa/mz.json +++ b/africa/mz.json @@ -1293,7 +1293,7 @@ "text": "the FADM's inventory consists primarily of Soviet-era equipment, although since 2010 it has received limited quantities of more modern equipment from a variety of countries, mostly as aid/donations (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "registration for military service is mandatory for all males and females at 18 years of age; 18-35 years of age for selective compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary service; 2-year service obligation; women may serve as officers or enlisted (2021)" + "text": "registration for military service is mandatory for all men and women at 18 years of age; 18-35 years of age for selective compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary service for men and women; 2-year service obligation (2021)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "the Government of Mozambique is facing an insurgency driven by militants with ties to the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) terrorist group in the northern province of Cabo Delgado, an area known for rich liquid natural gas deposits; insurgent attacks in the province began in 2017 and as of 2022, the fighting had left an estimated 4,000 dead and as many as 900,000 displaced; the FADM is widely assessed as lacking the training, equipment, and overall capabilities to address the insurgency; as of 2022, several countries from the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) and the European Union, as well as Rwanda and the US were providing various forms of military assistance; the SADC countries and Zambia have sent more than 3,000 military and security personnel, while the EU and the US have provided training assistance; the counterterrorism efforts of the Mozambique and allied African military and security forces have seen some success against the militants, but as of 2022 terrorist attacks had expanded into the neighboring provinces of Niassa and Nampula (2022)" diff --git a/africa/od.json b/africa/od.json index d2e9b9e0..c7425695 100644 --- a/africa/od.json +++ b/africa/od.json @@ -1048,7 +1048,7 @@ "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { "text": "South Sudan People’s Defense Force (SSPDF): Ground Force (includes Presidential Guard, aka Tiger Division), Air Force, Air Defense Forces; National (or Necessary) Unified Forces (NUF) (2022)", - "note": "note 1: the NUF are being formed by retraining rebel and pro-government fighters into military, police, and other government security forces; in August 2022, South Sudan held the first graduation ceremony for retrained personnel

note 2: numerous irregular forces operate in the country with official knowledge, including militias operated by the National Security Service (an internal security force under the Ministry of National Security) and proxy forces" + "note": "note 1: the NUF are being formed by retraining rebel and pro-government militia fighters into military, police, and other government security forces; in August 2022, South Sudan held the first graduation ceremony for retrained personnel

note 2: numerous irregular forces operate in the country with official knowledge, including militias operated by the National Security Service (an internal security force under the Ministry of National Security) and proxy forces" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2021": { diff --git a/africa/rw.json b/africa/rw.json index 48d22cd1..9b037567 100644 --- a/africa/rw.json +++ b/africa/rw.json @@ -1237,7 +1237,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "76,465 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) 48,349 (Burundi) (2022)" + "text": "76,465 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) 48,474 (Burundi) (2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "9,500 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/africa/sf.json b/africa/sf.json index 61a7450e..4c07dccc 100644 --- a/africa/sf.json +++ b/africa/sf.json @@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ "text": "yes, but requires prior permission of the government" }, "residency requirement for naturalization": { - "text": "1 year" + "text": "5 year" } }, "Suffrage": { diff --git a/africa/so.json b/africa/so.json index 2500d025..e12a38bf 100644 --- a/africa/so.json +++ b/africa/so.json @@ -1137,7 +1137,7 @@ }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { "text": "estimates vary widely due to inconsistent data and ongoing efforts to integrate various militias; up to 20,000 active duty SNA personnel (2022)", - "note": "note 1: in 2017, the Somali Government announced a plan for the SNA to eventually number about 18,000 troops; the same plan called for 32,000 federal and regional police

note 2: as of 2021, there were up to 50,000 militia forces were estimated to be operating in the country" + "note": "note 1: in 2017, the Somali Government announced a plan for the SNA to eventually number about 18,000 troops; the same plan called for 32,000 federal and regional police

note 2: as of 2021, there were estimates of up to 50,000 militia forces operating in the country" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the SNA is lightly armed with an inventory that includes a variety of older, second-hand equipment largely from Italy, Russia, South Africa, and the UK; since 2015, it has received small quantities of second-hand equipment from a variety of countries, usually as aid/donations (2021)" diff --git a/africa/su.json b/africa/su.json index 10bef3ea..8512af79 100644 --- a/africa/su.json +++ b/africa/su.json @@ -1269,7 +1269,7 @@ "text": "Sudan joined the Saudi-led coalition that intervened in Yemen in 2015, reportedly providing as many as 40,000 troops during the peak of the war in 2016-17, mostly from the Rapid Support Forces; by 2021, Sudan had reduced the size of the force to about a brigade (approximately 2-3,000 troops) (2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "

the Sudanese military has been a dominant force in the ruling of the country since its independence in 1956; in addition, the Sudanese military and security forces have a large role in the country's economy, reportedly controlling over 200 commercial companies, including businesses involved in gold mining, rubber production, agriculture, and meat exports

the United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has operated in the disputed Abyei region along the border between Sudan and South Sudan since 2011; UNISFA's mission includes ensuring security, protecting civilians, strengthening the capacity of the Abyei Police Service, de-mining, monitoring/verifying the redeployment of armed forces from the area, and facilitating the flow of humanitarian aid; UNISFA had about 2,000 personnel deployed as of mid-2022

in addition, the United Nations African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) operated in the war-torn Darfur region between 2007 and the end of its mandate in July 2021; UNAMID was a joint African Union-UN peacekeeping force with the mission of bringing stability to Darfur, including protecting civilians, facilitating humanitarian assistance, and promoting mediation efforts, while peace talks on a final settlement continued; UNAMID withdrew the last of its personnel in December 2021; note - the October 2020 peace agreement provided for the establishment of a Joint Security Keeping Forces (JSKF) comprised of 12,000 personnel tasked with securing the Darfur region in the place of UNAMID; in June 2021, Sudan's transitional government announced it would increase the size of this force to 20,000 and expand its mission scope to include the capital and other parts of the country suffering from violence; the force would include the SAF, RSF, police, intelligence, and representatives from armed groups involved in peace negotiations; in Sep 2022, the first 2,000 members of the JSKF completed trainingmake note of the official name (2022)" + "text": "

the Sudanese military has been a dominant force in the ruling of the country since its independence in 1956; in addition, the Sudanese military and security forces have a large role in the country's economy, reportedly controlling over 200 commercial companies, including businesses involved in gold mining, rubber production, agriculture, and meat exports

the United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has operated in the disputed Abyei region along the border between Sudan and South Sudan since 2011; UNISFA's mission includes ensuring security, protecting civilians, strengthening the capacity of the Abyei Police Service, de-mining, monitoring/verifying the redeployment of armed forces from the area, and facilitating the flow of humanitarian aid; UNISFA had about 2,000 personnel deployed as of mid-2022

in addition, the United Nations African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) operated in the war-torn Darfur region between 2007 and the end of its mandate in July 2021; UNAMID was a joint African Union-UN peacekeeping force with the mission of bringing stability to Darfur, including protecting civilians, facilitating humanitarian assistance, and promoting mediation efforts, while peace talks on a final settlement continued; UNAMID withdrew the last of its personnel in December 2021; note - the October 2020 peace agreement provided for the establishment of a Joint Security Keeping Forces (JSKF) comprised of 12,000 personnel tasked with securing the Darfur region in the place of UNAMID; in June 2021, Sudan's transitional government announced it would increase the size of this force to 20,000 and expand its mission scope to include the capital and other parts of the country suffering from violence; the force would include the SAF, RSF, police, intelligence, and representatives from armed groups involved in peace negotiations; in Sep 2022, the first 2,000 members of the JSKF completed training (2022)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/africa/to.json b/africa/to.json index 4a1ea533..63051c8f 100644 --- a/africa/to.json +++ b/africa/to.json @@ -652,7 +652,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Dodji APEVON]
Alliance of Democrats for Integral Development or ADDI [Tchaboure GOGUE]
Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA [Léopold GNININVI]
Democratic Forces for the Republic or FDR [Dodji APEVON]
National Alliance for Change or ANC [Jean-Pierre FABRE]
New Togolese Commitment [Gerry TAAMA]
Pan-African National Party or PNP [Tikpi ATCHADAM]
Pan-African Patriotic Convergence or CPP [Edem KODJO]
Patriotic Movement for Democracy and Development or MPDD [Agbeyome KODJO]
Socialist Pact for Renewal or PSR [Abi TCHESSA]
The Togolese Party [Nathaniel OLYMPIO]
Union of Forces for Change or UFC [NA]
Union for the Republic or UNIR [Faure GNASSINGBE]" + "text": "Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Dodji APEVON]
Alliance of Democrats for Integral Development or ADDI [Tchaboure GOGUE]
Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA [Léopold GNININVI]
Democratic Forces for the Republic or FDR [Dodji APEVON]
National Alliance for Change or ANC [Jean-Pierre FABRE]
New Togolese Commitment [Gerry TAAMA]
Pan-African National Party or PNP [Tikpi ATCHADAM]
Pan-African Patriotic Convergence or CPP [Edem KODJO]
Patriotic Movement for Democracy and Development or MPDD [Agbeyome KODJO]
Socialist Pact for Renewal or PSR [Abi TCHESSA]
The Togolese Party [Nathaniel OLYMPIO]
Union of Forces for Change or UFC [N/A]
Union for the Republic or UNIR [Faure GNASSINGBE]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" diff --git a/africa/ts.json b/africa/ts.json index 20f7fb25..0ae86a1a 100644 --- a/africa/ts.json +++ b/africa/ts.json @@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ "note": "note: the new Tunisian constitution of January 2014 called for the creation of a constitutional court by the end of 2015, but as November 2021, the court had not been appointed; the court to consist of 12 members - 4 each to be appointed by the president, the Supreme Judicial Council (an independent 4-part body consisting mainly of elected judges and the remainder are legal specialists), and the Chamber of the People's Deputies (parliament); members are to serve 9-year terms with one-third of the membership renewed every 3 years" }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Afek Tounes [Yassine BRAHIM]
Al Badil Al-Tounisi (The Tunisian Alternative) [Mehdi JOMAA]
Amal Party [Ridha BELHAJ]
Call for Tunisia Party (Nidaa Tounes) [Ali HAFSI]
Current of Love [Hachemi HAMDI] (formerly the Popular Petition party)
Democratic Current [Ghazi CHAOUACHI]
Democratic Patriots' Unified Party [Zied LAKHDHAR]
Dignity Coalition or Al Karama Coalition [Seifeddine MAKHIOUF]
Ennahda Movement (The Renaissance) [Rached GHANNOUCHI]
Free Destourian Party or PDL [Abir MOUSSI]
Green Tunisia Party [Abdelkader ZITOUNI]
Heart of Tunisia (Qalb Tounes) [Nabil KAROUI]
Long Live Tunisia (Tahya Tounes) [Youssef CHAHED]
Machrou Tounes (Tunisia Project) [Mohsen MARZOUK]
Movement of Socialist Democrats or MDS [Ahmed KHASKHOUSSI]
Party of the Democratic Arab Vanguard [Kheireddine SOUABNI]
People's Movement [Zouheir MAGHZAOUI]
Republican Party (Al Joumhouri) [Issam CHEBBI]
The Movement Party (Hizb Harak) [Moncef MARZOUKI]
Third Republic Party [Olfa Hamdi]
Tunisian Ba'ath Movement [Othmen Bel Haj AMOR]
Workers' Party [Hamma HAMMAMI]" + "text": "Afek Tounes [Fadhel ABDELKEFI]
Al Badil Al-Tounisi (The Tunisian Alternative) [Mehdi JOMAA]
Amal Party [Ridha BELHAJ]
Call for Tunisia Party (Nidaa Tounes) [Ali HAFSI]
Current of Love [Hachemi HAMDI] (formerly the Popular Petition party)
Democratic Current [Ghazi CHAOUACHI]
Democratic Patriots' Unified Party [Zied LAKHDHAR]
Dignity Coalition or Al Karama Coalition [Seifeddine MAKHLOUF]
Ennahda Movement (The Renaissance) [Rached GHANNOUCHI]
Free Destourian Party or PDL [Abir MOUSSI]
Green Tunisia Party [Abdelkader ZITOUNI]
Heart of Tunisia (Qalb Tounes) [Nabil KAROUI]
Long Live Tunisia (Tahya Tounes) [Youssef CHAHED]
Machrou Tounes (Project Tunisia) [Mohsen MARZOUK]
Movement of Socialist Democrats or MDS [Ahmed KHASKHOUSSI]
Party of the Democratic Arab Vanguard [Kheireddine SOUABNI]
People's Movement [Zouheir MAGHZAOUI]
Republican Party (Al Joumhouri) [Issam CHEBBI]
The Movement Party (Hizb Harak) [Moncef MARZOUKI]
Third Republic Party [Olfa HAMDI]
Tunisian Ba'ath Movement [Othmen Bel Haj AMOR]
Workers' Party [Hamma HAMMAMI]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BSEC (observer), CAEU, CD, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" diff --git a/africa/tz.json b/africa/tz.json index a99f60e4..a06f0379 100644 --- a/africa/tz.json +++ b/africa/tz.json @@ -674,7 +674,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Alliance for Change and Transparency (Wazalendo) or ACT [Zitto KABWE]
Alliance for Democratic Change or ADC [Hamad Rashid MOHAMED]
Civic United Front (Chama Cha Wananchi) or CUF [Ibrahim LIPUMBA]
National Convention for Construction and Reform-Mageuzi or NCCR-M [James Francis MBATIA]
National League for Democracy
Party of Democracy and Development (Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo) or Chadema [President Samia Suluhu HASSAN]
Revolutionary Party (Chama Cha Mapinduzi) or CCM
Tanzania Labor Party or TLP [Augustine MREMA]
United Democratic Party or UDP [John Momose CHEYO]" + "text": "Alliance for Change and Transparency (Wazalendo) or ACT-Wazalendo [Zitto KABWE]
Alliance for Democratic Change or ADC [Hamad Rashid MOHAMED]
Civic United Front (Chama Cha Wananchi) or CUF [Ibrahim Haruna LIPUMBA]
National Convention for Construction and Reform-Mageuzi or NCCR-M [James Francis MBATIA]
National League for Democracy
Party of Democracy and Development (Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo) or Chadema [President Samia Suluhu HASSAN]
Revolutionary Party (Chama Cha Mapinduzi) or CCM
Tanzania Labor Party or TLP [Augustine MREMA]
United Democratic Party or UDP [John Momose CHEYO]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, EAC, EADB, EITI, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" diff --git a/africa/ug.json b/africa/ug.json index 4ea4d4c9..7cb53a13 100644 --- a/africa/ug.json +++ b/africa/ug.json @@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ "animal contact diseases": { "text": "rabies" }, - "note": "note: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Uganda is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an “infected” person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine" + "note": "note: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Uganda is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an “infected” person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine
note: on 4 October 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Level Two Travel Alert (Practice Enhanced Precautions) for Ebola virus in Uganda, currently present in the following districts:  Mubende, Kassandra, Kyegegwa, Kagadi, and Bunyangabu, and recommended that people avoid non-essential travel to these regions; this outbreak has been linked to the Sudan ebolavirus for which there are no vaccines or therapeutics approved for prevention or treatment of the Sudan ebolavirus; in addition, on 6 October 2022, the State Department issued a Level Three Travel Advisory to reconsider travel to Uganda and also announced the following \"The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the CDC announced entrance screening for travelers who have been in Uganda in the last 21 days.  All U.S.-bound passengers who have been in Uganda at any point in the 21 days prior to their arrival will be routed to one of the following designated airports: New York (JFK), Newark (EWR), Atlanta (ATL), Chicago (ORD), or Washington (IAD), where they will undergo enhanced screening, including a health questionnaire and temperature checks. This applies to all passengers, including U.S. citizens, lawful permanent residents, and foreign nationals (to include Diplomatic and Official visas).\"" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "5.3% (2016)" @@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ "animal contact diseases": { "text": "rabies" }, - "note": "note: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Uganda is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an “infected” person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine" + "note": "note: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Uganda is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an “infected” person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine
note: on 4 October 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Level Two Travel Alert (Practice Enhanced Precautions) for Ebola virus in Uganda, currently present in the following districts:  Mubende, Kassandra, Kyegegwa, Kagadi, and Bunyangabu, and recommended that people avoid non-essential travel to these regions; this outbreak has been linked to the Sudan ebolavirus for which there are no vaccines or therapeutics approved for prevention or treatment of the Sudan ebolavirus; in addition, on 6 October 2022, the State Department issued a Level Three Travel Advisory to reconsider travel to Uganda and also announced the following \"The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the CDC announced entrance screening for travelers who have been in Uganda in the last 21 days.  All U.S.-bound passengers who have been in Uganda at any point in the 21 days prior to their arrival will be routed to one of the following designated airports: New York (JFK), Newark (EWR), Atlanta (ATL), Chicago (ORD), or Washington (IAD), where they will undergo enhanced screening, including a health questionnaire and temperature checks. This applies to all passengers, including U.S. citizens, lawful permanent residents, and foreign nationals (to include Diplomatic and Official visas).\"" }, "Food insecurity": { "severe localized food insecurity": { @@ -1247,7 +1247,7 @@ "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { "text": "Uganda People's Defense Force (UPDF): Land Forces, Air Forces, Marine Forces, Special Forces Command, Reserve Force (2022)", - "note": "note 1: the Special Forces Command is a separate branch within the UPDF; it evolved from the former Presidential Guard Brigade and continues to have presidential protection duties in addition to its conventional missions, such as counterinsurgency

note 2: in 2018, President MUSEVENI created a volunteer force of Local Defense Units under the military to beef up local security in designated parts of the country" + "note": "note 1: the Special Forces Command is a separate branch within the UPDF; it evolved from the former Presidential Guard Brigade and has continued to retain presidential protection duties in addition to its conventional missions, such as counterinsurgency

note 2: in 2018, President MUSEVENI created a volunteer force of Local Defense Units under the military to beef up local security in designated parts of the country" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2021": { @@ -1267,7 +1267,7 @@ } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "information varies; approximately 50,000 troops, including about 1,000-1,500 air and marine personnel; approximately 20-30,000 personnel in the Local Defense Units (2022)" + "text": "approximately 50,000 troops, including about 1,000-1,500 air and marine personnel; approximately 20-30,000 personnel in the Local Defense Units (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the UPDF's inventory is mostly older Russian/Soviet-era equipment with a limited mix of more modern Russian- and Western-origin arms; since 2010, Russia has been the leading supplier of arms to the UPDF (2021)" @@ -1279,7 +1279,7 @@ "text": "6,800 Somalia (6,200 ATMIS; 625 UNSOM); 250 Equatorial Guinea (training mission) (2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "

the UPDF, which is constitutionally granted seats in parliament, is widely viewed as a key constituency for MUSEVENI; it has been used by MUSEVENI and his political party to break up rallies, raid opposition offices, and surveil rival candidates

as of 2022, the UPDF was conducting operations along the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo (including cross-border operations) against a Congo-based (and formerly based in western Uganda) Ugandan rebel group, the Allied Democratic Front (ADF), which was designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organization by the US State Department in March 2021 as the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (ISIS-DRC; see Appendix T); in addition, elements of the UPDF were deployed in the northeast region of Karamoja against cattle rustlers and criminal gangs

beginning in 2012, the UPDF led regional efforts to pursue the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), a small, violent group of Ugandan origin that conducted widespread attacks against civilians in much of Central Africa; the UPDF withdrew from the mission in 2017 after declaring that the LRA no longer posed a security threat; Uganda intervened in the South Sudan civil war in 2013-2016 and UPDF forces have clashed with South Sudanese forces along the border as recently as 2020

the military traces its history back to the formation of the Uganda Rifles in 1895 under the British colonial government; the Uganda Rifles were merged with the Central Africa Regiment and the East Africa Rifles to form the King’s African Rifles (KAR) in 1902, which participated in both world wars, as well as the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya (1952-1960); in 1962, the Ugandan battalion of the KAR was transformed into the country's first military force, the Uganda Rifles, which was subsequently renamed the Uganda Army; the Uganda People's Defense Force was established in 1995 from the former rebel National Resistance Army following the enactment of the 1995 Constitution of Uganda

" + "text": "the UPDF, which is constitutionally granted seats in parliament, is widely viewed as a key constituency for MUSEVENI; it has been used by MUSEVENI and his political party to break up rallies, raid opposition offices, and surveil rival candidates

as of 2022, the UPDF was conducting operations along the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo (including cross-border operations) against a Congo-based (and formerly based in western Uganda) Ugandan rebel group, the Allied Democratic Front (ADF), which was designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organization by the US in March 2021 as the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (ISIS-DRC; see Appendix T); in addition, elements of the UPDF were deployed in the northeast region of Karamoja against cattle rustlers and criminal gangs

beginning in 2012, the UPDF led regional efforts to pursue the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), a small, violent group of Ugandan origin that conducted widespread attacks against civilians in much of Central Africa; the UPDF withdrew from the mission in 2017 after declaring that the LRA no longer posed a security threat; Uganda intervened in the South Sudan civil war in 2013-2016 and UPDF forces have clashed with South Sudanese forces along the border as recently as 2020

the military traces its history back to the formation of the Uganda Rifles in 1895 under the British colonial government; the Uganda Rifles were merged with the Central Africa Regiment and the East Africa Rifles to form the King’s African Rifles (KAR) in 1902, which participated in both world wars, as well as the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya (1952-1960); in 1962, the Ugandan battalion of the KAR was transformed into the country's first military force, the Uganda Rifles, which was subsequently renamed the Uganda Army; the Uganda People's Defense Force was established in 1995 from the former rebel National Resistance Army following the enactment of the 1995 Constitution of Uganda (2022)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/africa/wa.json b/africa/wa.json index 64b7f37c..0a677aed 100644 --- a/africa/wa.json +++ b/africa/wa.json @@ -1267,7 +1267,7 @@ "text": "the NDF's inventory consists of a mix of Soviet-era and some more modern systems from a variety of countries, including Brazil, China, Germany, India, and South Africa; it has a small defense industry that produces items such as armored personnel carriers (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-25 years of age for men and women for voluntary military service; no conscription (2021)", + "text": "18-25 years of age for men and women for voluntary military service; no conscription (2022)", "note": "note: as of 2018, women comprised more than 20% of the active duty military" }, "Military - note": { diff --git a/antarctica/fs.json b/antarctica/fs.json index 7b2d1ac7..e0ef9064 100644 --- a/antarctica/fs.json +++ b/antarctica/fs.json @@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017), represented by Prefect Charles GIUSTI (since 12 October 2020)" + "text": "President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017), represented by Prefect Florence JEANBLANC-RISLER (since 5 October 2022)" } }, "International organization participation": { @@ -232,6 +232,19 @@ "text": "4 (2021)" } }, + "Airports - with unpaved runways": { + "total": { + "text": "4" + }, + "914 to 1,523 m": { + "text": "4 (2022)" + }, + "note": "Note: 1 - Europa Island, 1 - Glorioso Islands, 1 - Juan de Nova Island, 1 - Tromelin Island" + }, + "Heliports": { + "text": "3 (2022)", + "note": "Note: 1 - Ile Amsterdam, 1 - Ile Kerguelen, 1 - Ile de la Possession" + }, "Merchant marine": { "total": { "text": "2" @@ -246,7 +259,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military - note": { - "text": "defense is the responsibility of France" + "text": "defense is the responsibility of France; French forces on Mayotte, the Détachement de Légion Étrangère de Mayotte (DLEM), regularly deploys small elements for periodic rotations to Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, and Tromelin Island" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/fj.json b/australia-oceania/fj.json index 907944c6..f06bf5d4 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fj.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fj.json @@ -1217,7 +1217,7 @@ "text": "170 Egypt (MFO); 165 Iraq (UNAMI); 150 Golan Heights (UNDOF) (2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the RFMF has a history of intervening in the country’s politics since the late 1980s, including coups in 1987 and 2006, and a mutiny in 2000

the RFMF also has a long tradition of participating in UN peacekeeping operations; since its first deployment of troops to South Lebanon in 1978 under the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL), it has deployed troops on nearly 20 additional UN missions (2022)" + "text": "the RFMF was established in 1920; it has a history of intervening in the country’s politics since the late 1980s, including coups in 1987 and 2006, and a mutiny in 2000

the RFMF also has a long tradition of participating in UN peacekeeping operations; since its first deployment of troops to South Lebanon in 1978 under the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL), it has deployed troops on nearly 20 additional UN missions (2022)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/tn.json b/australia-oceania/tn.json index a43dbb13..f8984b20 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tn.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tn.json @@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands or DPFI or PTOA [Semisi SIKA]
People's Democratic Party or PDP [Tesina FUKO]
Sustainable Nation-Building Party [Sione FONUA]
Tonga Democratic Labor Party [vacant]
Tonga Human Rights and Democracy Movement or HRDM ['Uliti UATA]
Tonga People's Party or PAK (Paati ʻa e Kakai ʻo Tonga) [Pohiva TU'I'ONETOA] (split from Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands)" + "text": "Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands or DPFI or PTOA [Semisi SIKA]
People's Democratic Party or PDP [Tesina FUKO]
Tonga Democratic Labor Party [vacant]
Tonga Human Rights and Democracy Movement or HRDM ['Uliti UATA]
Tonga People's Party or PAK or TPPI (Paati ʻa e Kakai ʻo Tonga) [Pohiva TU'I'ONETOA] (split from Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands)" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json index 4dee5e9d..76f442dc 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json @@ -1050,7 +1050,7 @@ "text": "the SKNDF is lightly armed with equipment from Belgium, the UK, and the US (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service (under 18 with written parental permission); no conscription (2021)" + "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service (under 18 with written parental permission); no conscription (2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "St. Kitts joined the Caribbean Regional Security System (RSS) in 1984; RSS signatories (Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) agreed to prepare contingency plans and assist one another, on request, in national emergencies, prevention of smuggling, search and rescue, immigration control, fishery protection, customs and excise control, maritime policing duties, protection of off-shore installations, pollution control, national and other disasters, and threats to national security

SKNDF's missions included defense of the country's territorial integrity and sovereignty, protecting natural resources, interdicting narcotics trafficking, and providing humanitarian relief as needed (2022)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json index e4e347dc..728601d3 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json @@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Congress of the People or COP [Kirt SINNETTE]
People's National Movement or PNM [Keith ROWLEY]
Progressive Democratic Patriots (Tobago) [Watson DUKE]
United National Congress or UNC [Kamla PERSAD-BISSESSAR]" + "text": "Congress of the People or COP [Kirt SINNETTE]
People's National Movement or PNM [Keith ROWLEY]
Progressive Democratic Patriots or PDP (Tobago) [Watson DUKE]
United National Congress or UNC [Kamla PERSAD-BISSESSAR]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" diff --git a/central-asia/kg.json b/central-asia/kg.json index c80caa40..b74304e0 100644 --- a/central-asia/kg.json +++ b/central-asia/kg.json @@ -1226,7 +1226,7 @@ "text": "the Kyrgyz military inventory is comprised of mostly older Russian and Soviet-era equipment; Kyrgyzstan relies on donations of military equipment, which come mostly from Russia under a 2013 agreement between Bishkek and Moscow (2022)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary male military service in the Armed Forces or Interior Ministry; 1-year service obligation (9 months for university graduates), with optional fee-based 3-year service in the call-up mobilization reserve; women may volunteer at age 19; 16-17 years of age for military cadets, who cannot take part in military operations (2022)" + "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary male military service in the Armed Forces or Interior Ministry; 12-month service obligation (9 months for university graduates), with optional fee-based 3-year service in the call-up mobilization reserve; women may volunteer at age 19; 16-17 years of age for military cadets, who cannot take part in military operations (2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "Kyrgyzstan has been a member of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) since 1994 and contributes troops to CSTO's rapid reaction force (2022)" diff --git a/central-asia/kz.json b/central-asia/kz.json index 36019d83..0b2c9c31 100644 --- a/central-asia/kz.json +++ b/central-asia/kz.json @@ -1275,7 +1275,7 @@ "text": "the Kazakh military's inventory is comprised of mostly older Russian and Soviet-era equipment; since 2010, Russia has been the leading supplier of weapons systems (2022)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "all men 18-27 are required to serve in the military for at least one year (2022)" + "text": "all men 18-27 are required to serve in the military for 12-24 months (2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "Kazakhstan has been a member of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) since 1994 and contributes troops to CSTO's rapid reaction force (2022)" diff --git a/central-asia/rs.json b/central-asia/rs.json index b2bc3ab2..d7a7e7ef 100644 --- a/central-asia/rs.json +++ b/central-asia/rs.json @@ -1360,7 +1360,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "2,772,010 (Ukraine) (as of 26 September 2022)" + "text": "2,852,395 (Ukraine) (as of 3 October 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "56,960 (mid-year 2021); note - Russia's stateless population consists of Roma, Meskhetian Turks, and ex-Soviet citizens from the former republics; between 2003 and 2010 more than 600,000 stateless people were naturalized; most Meskhetian Turks, followers of Islam with origins in Georgia, fled or were evacuated from Uzbekistan after a 1989 pogrom and have lived in Russia for more than the required five-year residency period; they continue to be denied registration for citizenship and basic rights by local Krasnodar Krai authorities on the grounds that they are temporary illegal migrants" diff --git a/central-asia/ti.json b/central-asia/ti.json index 44e2c141..e2577236 100644 --- a/central-asia/ti.json +++ b/central-asia/ti.json @@ -610,7 +610,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Agrarian Party of Tajikistan or APT [Rustam LATIFZODA]
Communist Party of Tajikistan or CPT [Miroj ABDULLOEV]
Democratic Party of Tajikistan or DPT [Saidjafar USMONZODA]
Party of Economic Reform of Tajikistan or PERT [Rustam RAHMATZODA]
People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMON]
Social Democratic Party of Tajikistan or SDPT [Qiyomiddin AZIZOV]
Socialist Party of Tajikistan or SPT [Abduhalim GHAFFORZODA]" + "text": "Agrarian Party of Tajikistan or APT [Rustam LATIFZODA]
Communist Party of Tajikistan or CPT [Miroj ABDULLOEV]
Democratic Party of Tajikistan or DPT [Saidjafar USMONZODA]
Party of Economic Reform of Tajikistan or PERT [Rustam RAHMATZODA]
People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMON]
Social Democratic Party of Tajikistan or SDPT [vacant]
Socialist Party of Tajikistan or SPT [Abduhalim GHAFFORZODA]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" diff --git a/central-asia/tx.json b/central-asia/tx.json index 4c6a1ad0..d26317e2 100644 --- a/central-asia/tx.json +++ b/central-asia/tx.json @@ -1202,7 +1202,7 @@ "text": "the inventory for Turkmenistan's military is comprised largely of older Russian and Soviet-era weapons systems; since 2010, however, it has attempted to diversify and purchased equipment from more than a dozen countries, with Turkey as the top supplier (2022)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-30 years of age for compulsory male military service; 2-year conscript service obligation (2.5 years for the Navy); 20 years of age for voluntary service (including females); males may enroll in military schools from age 15 (2022)" + "text": "18-30 years of age for compulsory male military service; 24-month conscript service obligation (30 months for the Navy); 20 years of age for voluntary service (including females); males may enroll in military schools from age 15 (2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "

as of 2022, Turkmenistan continued to pursue a nationalist and isolationist security policy and has declined to participate in post-Soviet military groupings such as the Collective Security Treaty Organization military alliance (CSTO) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO); however, in September 2020, it participated in a Russian-led multinational military exercise held in southern Russia’s Astrakhan region alongside Russian, Chinese, Pakistani, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Tajik, Uzbek, Mongolian, Syrian, Iranian, Egyptian, Belarusian, Turkish, Armenian, and Azerbaijani contingents

as of 2022, Turkmenistan continued efforts to improve its naval capabilities on the Caspian Sea, including expanding ship building capabilities and adding larger vessels to the Navy’s inventory; in 2018, it opened its first naval shipyard and in August 2021, the Navy commissioned its largest warship, a corvette that was jointly constructed with Turkey

" diff --git a/central-asia/uz.json b/central-asia/uz.json index a86c8ba7..0a6fbca5 100644 --- a/central-asia/uz.json +++ b/central-asia/uz.json @@ -1206,7 +1206,7 @@ "text": "the Uzbek Armed Forces use mainly Soviet-era equipment; since 2010, Russia has been the leading supplier of arms, followed by China (2022)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory military service; 12 month conscript service obligation for men (conscripts have the option of paying for a shorter service of 1 month while remaining in the reserves until the age of 27); Uzbek citizens who have completed their service terms in the armed forces have privileges in employment and admission to higher educational institutions (2022)" + "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory military service; 12-month conscript service obligation for men (those conscripted have the option of paying for a shorter service of 1 month while remaining in the reserves until the age of 27); Uzbek citizens who have completed their service terms in the armed forces have privileges in employment and admission to higher educational institutions (2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "

the Uzbek armed forces were established in January 1992, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, when the newly-established Ministry for Defense Affairs assumed jurisdiction over all former Soviet ground, air, and air defense units, formations, and installations then deployed on its soil; the building hosting the headquarters for the ex-Soviet Turkestan Military District became the headquarters for the Uzbek armed forces; all former Soviet troops departed Uzbekistan by 1995; as of 2022, Uzbekistan continued to maintain bilateral defense ties with Russia based on a 2005 mutual security agreement

as of 2022, Uzbekistan was not part of the Russian-sponsored Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) that is comprised of former Soviet Republics; Uzbekistan joined in the 1990s but withdrew in 1999; it returned in 2006 but left again in 2012

" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json index afa21494..62626b94 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json @@ -1272,14 +1272,14 @@ "note": "note: in December 2021, the US Government halted arms-related trade with Cambodia, citing deepening Chinese military influence, corruption, and human rights abuses by the government and armed forces; the policy of denial applied to licenses or other approvals for exports and imports of defense articles and defense services destined for or originating in Cambodia, with exceptions (on a case-by-case basis) related to conventional weapons destruction and humanitarian demining activities" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory and voluntary military service (conscription only selectively enforced since 1993); women may volunteer (2021)", - "note": "note: in 2018, women made up an estimated 6% of the active duty military and 88 women held the rank of general " + "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory and voluntary military service (conscription only selectively enforced since 1993); women may volunteer (2022)", + "note": "note: in 2018, women made up an estimated 6% of the active duty military and 88 women held the rank of general" }, "Military deployments": { "text": "225 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 180 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 290 Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF) was re-established in 1993 under the first coalition government from the merger of the Cambodian Government’s military forces (Cambodian People’s Armed Forces) and the two non-communist resistance forces (Sihanoukist National Army, aka National Army for Khmer Independence, and the Khmer People's National Liberation Armed Forces); thousands of communist Khmer Rouge fighters began surrendering by 1994 under a government amnesty program and the last of the Khmer Rouge forces (National Army of Democratic Kampuchea) were demobilized or absorbed into the RCAF in 1999 (2022)" + "text": "the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF) was re-established in 1993 under the first coalition government from the merger of the Cambodian Government’s military forces (Cambodian People’s Armed Forces) and the two non-communist resistance forces (Sihanoukist National Army, aka National Army for Khmer Independence, and the Khmer People's National Liberation Armed Forces); thousands of communist Khmer Rouge fighters began surrendering by 1994 under a government amnesty program and the last of the Khmer Rouge forces (National Army of Democratic Kampuchea) were demobilized or absorbed into the RCAF in 1999

Cambodia was once one of the most land mined countries in the world; by the early 1990s, various aid organizations estimated there were 8 to 10 million landmines scattered throughout the country; the mines were laid during Cambodia’s decades-long war by the Cambodian army, the Vietnamese, the Khmer Rouge, the non-communist fighters, and US forces; part of Cambodia's defense policy is demining the territory with the intent of having the entire country cleared of unexploded ordnances by 2035; over 1 million landmines and over 3 million explosives were discovered and removed from 1992 to 2018 (2022)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json index 60d6468a..d918c828 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json @@ -1088,7 +1088,7 @@ "note": "note: since 2006, the UN Security Council has passed nearly a dozen resolutions sanctioning North Korea for developing nuclear weapons and related activities, starting with Resolution 1718, which condemned the North's first nuclear test and placed sanctions on the supply of heavy weaponry (including tanks, armored combat vehicles, large calibre artillery, combat aircraft, attack helicopters, warships, and missiles and missile launchers), missile technology and material, and select luxury goods; additional resolutions have expanded to include all arms, including small arms and light weapons; the US and other countries have also imposed unilateral sanctions" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "17 years of age for compulsory male and female military service; service obligation 10 years for men, to age 23 for women (some information indicates these were reduced in 2021 to 7-8 years for men and 5 years for women) (2021)", + "text": "17 years of age for compulsory military service for men and women; service obligation 10 years for men, 5 years for women (some information indicates service for men was reduced in 2021 to 7-8 years) (2022)", "note": "note: the bulk of the KPA is made up of conscripts; as many as 20% of North Korean males between the ages of 16 and 54 are in the military at a given time and possibly up to 30 percent of males between the ages of 18 and 27, not counting the reserves or paramilitary units" }, "Military - note": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json index d6b13314..62b412ec 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json @@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ }, "Capital": { "name": { - "text": "Seoul; note - Sejong, located some 120 km (75 mi) south of Seoul, is serving as an administrative capital for segments of the South Korean Government" + "text": "Seoul; note - Sejong, located some 120 km (75 mi) south of Seoul, serves as an administrative capital for segments of the South Korean Government" }, "geographic coordinates": { "text": "37 33 N, 126 59 E" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json index e0fc2c71..a42b1f23 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json @@ -1237,7 +1237,7 @@ "text": "the LPAF is armed largely with Soviet-era weapons acquired from the former Soviet Union, Russia, and Vietnam; since 2010, China and Russia have been the leading suppliers of military equipment to Laos (2022)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - minimum 18 months (2022)" + "text": "18 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service; minimum 18-month service obligation (2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "the LPAF’s primary missions are border and internal security, including counterinsurgency and counterterrorism

Vietnam is the Laotian military's primary security partner, although in recent years, Laos has expanded defense ties with China (2022)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json index 73f9d1b1..5f2e70ce 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json @@ -1253,7 +1253,7 @@ "text": "the MAF are armed with Soviet-era equipment supplemented by deliveries of second-hand Russian weapons (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; 12-month conscript service obligation for men in the army, air forces, or police (can be exchanged for a 24‐month stint in the civil service or a tax voucher); after conscription, soldiers can contract into military service for 2 or 4 years; women may volunteer (2021)" + "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service (can enter military schools at age 17); 12-month conscript service obligation for men in the army, air forces, or police (can be extended 3 months under special circumstances); conscription service can be exchanged for a 24‐month stint in the civil service or a cash payment determined by the Mongolian Government; after conscription, soldiers can contract into military service for 2 or 4 years; volunteer military service for men and women is 24 months, which can be extended for another two years up to the age of 31 (2022)" }, "Military deployments": { "text": "860 South Sudan (UNMISS) (May 2022)", diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json index 604d02b3..464d4c14 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json @@ -1224,10 +1224,10 @@ "text": "the PNGDF has a limited inventory consisting of a diverse mix of foreign-supplied weapons and equipment; Papua New Guinea has received most of its military assistance from Australia (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "16 years of age for voluntary military service (with parental consent); no conscription (2021)" + "text": "18-27 for a general enlistee or 18-30 for an officer cadet; no conscription (2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "

as of 2022, Australia and the US were assisting Papua New Guinea with expanding and improving the Defense Force naval base at Lombrum on Manus Island; the US first established a Lombrum base in 1944 during World War II

" + "text": "as of 2022, Australia and the US were assisting Papua New Guinea with expanding and improving the Defense Force naval base at Lombrum on Manus Island; the US first established a Lombrum base in 1944 during World War II

the PNGDF was established in 1973; its infantry regiment and primary unit, the Royal Pacific Islands Regiment (RPIR), is descended from Australian Army infantry battalions comprised of native soldiers and led by Australian officers and non-commissioned officers formed during World War II to help fight the Japanese; the RPIR was disbanded after the war, but reestablished in 1951 as part of the Australian Army where it continued to serve until Papua New Guinea gained its independence in 1975, when it became part of the PNGDF (2022)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json index ceac57c1..4f3c76f1 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json @@ -1292,14 +1292,14 @@ "text": "approximately 130,000 active duty personnel (90,000 Army; 25,000 Navy, including about 8,000 Marine Corps; 15,000 Air Force) (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the AFP is equipped with a mix of imported weapons systems, particularly second-hand equipment from the US; since 2014, its top weapons suppliers include South Korea and the US (2021)" + "text": "the AFP is equipped with a mix of imported weapons systems, particularly second-hand equipment from the US; since 2014, top weapons suppliers include South Korea and the US (2022)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-23 years of age (officers 21-29; 21-26 for women officers) for voluntary military service (men and women); no conscription (2021)", + "text": "18-25 (enlisted) and 21-29 (officers) years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; no conscription (2022)", "note": "note: as of 2020, women made up about 6% of the active military; women were allowed to enter the Philippine Military Academy and train as combat soldiers in 1993" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "

the US and Philippines agreed to a mutual defense treaty in 1951; the Philippines has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments

as of 2022, the AFP's primary air and ground operational focus was on internal security duties, particularly in the south, where several separatist insurgent and terrorist groups operated and up to 60% of the armed forces were deployed; additional combat operations were being conducted against the Communist Peoples Party/New People’s Army, which was active mostly on Luzon, the Visayas, and areas of Mindanao

in addition to its typical roles of patrolling and defending the country's maritime claims, the Navy conducts interdiction operations against terrorist, insurgent, and criminal groups around the southern islands; in 2017, the Philippines began conducting joint maritime patrols with Indonesia and Malaysia to counter regional terrorist activities, particularly in the Sulu Sea; the Philippine Marine Corps assists the Army in counterinsurgency operations

the Philippines National Police (PNP) also has an active role in counterinsurgency and counter-terrorism operations alongside the AFP, particularly the Special Action Force, a PNP commando unit that specializes in urban counter-terrorism operations" + "text": "the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) were formally organized during the American colonial period as the Philippine Army; they were established by the National Defense Act of 1935 and were composed of both Filipinos and Americans; the US and Philippines agreed to a mutual defense treaty in 1951; in 2014, both governments signed an Enhanced Defence Cooperation Agreement (EDCA) that established new parameters for military cooperation; under the EDCA, the Philippine Government can invite US forces to use designated facilities but stops short of a permanent US military presence; the Philippines has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments

as of 2022, the AFP's primary air and ground operational focus was on internal security duties, particularly in the south, where several separatist insurgent and terrorist groups operated and up to 60% of the armed forces were deployed; additional combat operations were being conducted against the Communist Peoples Party/New People’s Army, which was active mostly on Luzon, the Visayas, and areas of Mindanao

in addition to its typical roles of patrolling and defending the country's maritime claims, the Navy conducts interdiction operations against terrorist, insurgent, and criminal groups around the southern islands; in 2017, the Philippines began conducting joint maritime patrols with Indonesia and Malaysia to counter regional terrorist activities, particularly in the Sulu Sea; the Philippine Marine Corps assists the Army in counterinsurgency operations

the Philippines National Police (PNP) also has an active role in counterinsurgency and counter-terrorism operations alongside the AFP, particularly the Special Action Force, a PNP commando unit that specializes in urban counter-terrorism operations (2022)" }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "

the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial waters of littoral states and offshore waters in the South China Sea as high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; an emerging threat area lies in the Celebes and Sulu Seas between the Philippines and Malaysia where 11 ships were attacked in 2021; numerous commercial vessels have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; hijacked vessels are often disguised and cargoes stolen

" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json index 73b60bb8..c9e77130 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json @@ -1210,10 +1210,10 @@ "text": "information varies; approximately 60,000 active duty troops (45,000 Army; 7,000 Navy; 8,000 Air Force) (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the SAF has a diverse and largely modern mix of domestically-produced and imported weapons; since 2010, the US has been the chief supplier of arms; Singapore has the most developed arms industry in Southeast Asia and is also its largest importer of weapons (2021)" + "text": "the SAF has a diverse and largely modern mix of domestically-produced and imported weapons; since 2010, the US has been the chief supplier of arms; other significant suppliers include France, Germany, Israel, and Sweden; Singapore has the most developed arms industry in Southeast Asia and is also its largest importer of weapons (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-21 years of age for male compulsory military service; 16 1/2 years of age for voluntary enlistment (with parental consent); 2-year conscript service obligation, with a reserve obligation to age 40 (enlisted) or age 50 (officers); women are not conscripted, but they are allowed to volunteer for all services and branches, including combat arms (2021)", + "text": "18-21 years of age for male compulsory military service; 16.5 years of age for voluntary enlistment (with parental consent); 24-month conscript service obligation, with a reserve obligation to age 40 (enlisted) or age 50 (officers); women are not conscripted, but they are allowed to volunteer for all services and branches, including combat arms (2022)", "note": "note 1: under the Enlistment Act, all male Singaporean citizens and permanent residents, unless exempted, are required to enter National Service (NS) upon attaining the age of 18; most NS conscripts serve in the Armed Forces, but some go into the Police Force or Civil Defense Force; as of 2020, conscripts comprised over half of the defense establishment

note 2: as of 2017, women made up about 7% of the active force" }, "Military deployments": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json index 7240b738..b3f38482 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json @@ -651,7 +651,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Action Coalition of Thailand Party or ACT [ANEK Laothamatas]
Bhumjaithai Party or BJT [ANUTIN Charnvirakul]
Chat Phatthana Party (National Development Party) [THEWAN Liptaphanlop]
Chat Thai Phatthana Party (Thai Nation Development Party) or CTP [KANCHANA Sinlapa-acha]
New Economics Party or NEP [MINGKHWAN Sangsuwan]
Move Forward Party or MFP (formed in 2020 from the disbanded Future Forward Party, FPP) [PHITHA Limcharoenrat]
Palang Pracharat Party or PPRP [PRAWIT Wongsuwan] (a pro-military party formed in 2018 by members of the military junta’s cabinet) 
Phumchai Thai Party (Thai Pride Party) or PJT [ANUTHIN Chanwirakun]
Prachachat Party of PCC [WAN Muhamad NOOR Matha]
Prachathipat Party (Democrat Party) or DP [JURIN Laksanawisit]
Puea Chat Party (For Nation Party) or PCP [SARUNWUT Sarunket]
Puea Thai Party (For Thais Party) or PTP [CHONLANON Sikaew]
Puea Tham Party (For Dharma Party) [NALINI Thawisin]
Seri Ruam Thai Party (Thai Liberal Party) or TLP [SERIPHISUT Temiyawet]
Thai Civilized Party or TCL [MONGKOLKIT Suksintharanon]
Thai Forest Conservation Party or TFCP [DAMRONG Phidet]
Thai Liberal Party or TLP [SERIPISUT TEMIYAVET]
Thai Local Power Party or TLP [CHATCHAWAI Kong-udom]
Thai People Power Party or TLPT [NIKHOM Bunwiset]
Thai Raksa Chat Party (Thai National Preservation Party) [PRICHAPHON Phongpanit]" + "text": "Action Coalition of Thailand Party or ACT [ANEK Laothamatas]
Bhumjaithai Party (aka Phumchai Thai Party or PJT; aka Thai Pride Party) or BJT [ANUTIN Charnvirakul]
Chat Phatthana Party (National Development Party) [THEWAN Liptaphanlop]
Chat Thai Phatthana Party (Thai Nation Development Party) or CTP [VARAWUT Silpa-archa]
New Economics Party or NEP [MINGKHWAN Sangsuwan]
Move Forward Party or MFP [PHITHA Limcharoenrat] (formed in 2020 from the disbanded Future Forward Party or FPP) 
Palang Pracharat Party (People's State Power Party) or PPRP [PRAWIT Wongsuwan] (a pro-military party formed in 2018 by members of the military junta’s cabinet) 
Prachachat Party of PCC [WAN Muhamad NOOR Matha]
Prachathipat Party (Democrat Party) or DP [JURIN Laksanawisit]
Puea Chat Party (For Nation Party) or PCP [SARUNWUT Sarunket]
Puea Thai Party (For Thais Party) or PTP [CHONLANON Sikaew]
Puea Tham Party (For Dharma Party) [NALINI Thawisin]
Seri Ruam Thai Party (Thai Liberal Party or TLP) [SERIPHISUT Temiyawet]
Thai Civilized Party or TCL [MONGKOLKIT Suksintharanon]
Thai Local Power Party or TLP [CHATCHAWAI Kong-udom]
Thai People Power Party or TLPT [NIKHOM Bunwiset]
Thai Raksa Chat Party (Thai National Preservation Party) [PRICHAPHON Phongpanit]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, BIS, CD, CICA, CP, EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE (partner), PCA, PIF (partner), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMOGIP, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" @@ -1294,14 +1294,14 @@ } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "estimates vary widely; approximately 300,000 active duty personnel (200,000 Army; 70,000 Navy; 30,000 Air Force); estimated 20,000 Thai Rangers; estimated 5,000 Internal Security Operations Command personnel (2022)" + "text": "estimates vary widely; approximately 300,000 active duty personnel (200,000 Army; 70,000 Navy; 30,000 Air Force); estimated 20,000 Thai Rangers (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the RTARF has a diverse array of foreign-supplied weapons systems, including a large amount of obsolescent or second-hand US equipment; since 2010, Thailand has received military equipment from nearly 20 countries, including China, South Korea, Sweden, Ukraine, and the US (2022)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; 21 years of age for compulsory military service (men only); males register at 18 years of age; 2-year conscript service obligation varies by educational qualifications (2021)", - "note": "note 1: information varies, but conscripts reportedly comprise as much as 50% of the armed forces; around 100,000 males are drafted each year

note 2: as of 2020, women comprised about 8% of active duty military personnel" + "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; 21 years of age for compulsory military service (men only); males register at 18 years of age; 2-year conscript service obligation varies by educational qualifications (2022)", + "note": "note 1: serving in the armed forces is a national duty of all Thai citizens; conscription was introduced in 1905; it includes women, however, only men over the age of 21 who have not gone through reserve training are conscripted; conscripts are chosen by lottery (on draft day, eligible draftees can request to volunteer to serve, or they may choose to stay for the lottery); there are reductions or deferments of service obligation for those with higher educational qualifications, but most conscripts serve for 24 months; approximately 75-100,000 men are drafted for military service each year and conscripts reportedly comprise as much as 50% of the armed forces

note 2: as of 2020, women comprised about 8% of active duty military personnel" }, "Military deployments": { "text": "280 South Sudan (UNMISS) (May 2022)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json index 75998a7a..1b56f6ff 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json @@ -610,7 +610,7 @@ "note": "note: the UN Justice System Programme, launched in 2003 and being rolled out in 4 phases through 2018, is helping strengthen the country's justice system; the Programme is aligned with the country's long-range Justice Sector Strategic Plan, which includes legal reforms" }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Alliance for Change and Progress or AMP [Xanana GUSMAO] (collapsed in 2020; alliance included CNRT, KHUNTO, PLP)
Democratic Party or PD [Mariano Assanami SABINO]
Frenti-Mudanca (Front for National Reconstruction of Timor-Leste - Change) or FM [Jose Luis GUTERRES]
Kmanek Haburas Unidade Nasional Timor Oan or KHUNTO [Armanda BERTA DOS SANTOS]
National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction or CNRT [Kay Rala Xanana GUSMAO]
People's Liberation Party or PLP [Taur Matan RUAK]
Revolutionary Front of Independent Timor-Leste or FRETILIN [Mari ALKATIRI]
Timorese Democratic Union or UDT [Gilman SANTOS]" + "text": "Democratic Party or PD [Mariano Assanami SABINO Lopes]
Frenti-Mudanca (Front for National Reconstruction of Timor-Leste - Change) or FM [Jose Luis GUTERRES]
Kmanek Haburas Unidade Nasional Timor Oan or KHUNTO [Armanda BERTA DOS SANTOS]
National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction or CNRT [Kay Rala Xanana GUSMAO]
People's Liberation Party or PLP [Taur Matan RUAK]
Revolutionary Front of Independent Timor-Leste or FRETILIN [Mari ALKATIRI]
Timorese Democratic Union or UDT [Gilman SANTOS]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, ARF, ASEAN (observer), CPLP, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PIF (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WMO" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json index e1cad6ca..4de1f129 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json @@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Democratic Progressive Party or DPP [TSAI Ing-wen]
Kuomintang or KMT (Nationalist Party) [CHU Chi-luan, aka Eric CHU]
New Power Party or NPP [KAO Yu-ting]
People First Party or PFP [James SOONG]
Taiwan People's Party or TPP [KO Wen-je]
Taiwan Statebuilding Party or TSP [CHEN Yi-chi]", + "text": "Democratic Progressive Party or DPP [TSAI Ing-wen]
Kuomintang or KMT (Nationalist Party) [Eric CHU Chi-luan]
New Power Party or NPP [CHEN Jiau-hua]
People First Party or PFP [James SOONG]
Taiwan People's Party or TPP [KO Wen-je]
Taiwan Statebuilding Party or TSP [CHEN Yi-chi]", "note": "note: the DPP and the KMT are the two major political parties; there are hundreds of registered minor parties" }, "International organization participation": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json index 85eef042..19b63377 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json @@ -1277,10 +1277,10 @@ "text": "the PAVN is armed largely with weapons and equipment from Russia and the former Soviet Union; since 2010, Russia has remained the main supplier of newer PAVN military equipment, although in recent years Vietnam has purchased arms from more than a dozen other countries including Belarus, Israel, South Korea, Ukraine, and the US; Vietnam has a limited defense industry (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service for men and women (in practice only men are drafted); conscription typically takes place twice annually and service obligation is 2 years (Army, Air Defense) and 3 years (Navy and Air Force) (2021)" + "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service for men and women (in practice only men are drafted); service obligation is between 24 (Army, Air Defense) and 36 (Navy and Air Force) months (2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the PAVN is the military arm of the ruling Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) and responsible to the Central Military Commission (CMC), the highest party organ on military policy; the CMC is led by the CPV General Secretary

Vietnam has a security policy of non-alignment, but noted in 2019 that it would consider developing appropriate defense and security relations with other countries depending on circumstances (2022)" + "text": "the PAVN is the military arm of the ruling Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) and responsible to the Central Military Commission (CMC), the highest party organ on military policy; the CMC is led by the CPV General Secretary

Vietnam has a security policy of non-alignment, commonly referred to as the 'three no's: no military alliances, no foreign bases or usage of the territory for military activities, and no siding with one country against another; however, in 2019, Vietnam noted that it would consider developing appropriate defense and security relations with other countries depending on circumstances  (2022)" }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the South China Sea as high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; numerous commercial vessels have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; hijacked vessels are often disguised and cargo diverted to ports in East Asia; the number of reported incidents decreased from four in 2020 to one in 2021" diff --git a/europe/an.json b/europe/an.json index e892b12a..bd4bb482 100644 --- a/europe/an.json +++ b/europe/an.json @@ -660,7 +660,7 @@ } }, "Agricultural products": { - "text": "small quantities of rye, wheat, barley, oats, vegetables, tobacco; sheep, cattle" + "text": "small quantities of rye, wheat, barley, oats, vegetables, tobacco, sheep, cattle" }, "Industries": { "text": "tourism (particularly skiing), banking, timber, furniture" diff --git a/europe/au.json b/europe/au.json index b96b738c..c4184695 100644 --- a/europe/au.json +++ b/europe/au.json @@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, "etymology": { - "text": "the origin of the name is disputed but may derive from early Celtic settlements of the area; a possible reconstructed Celtic name from several centuries B.C. is *Vedunia (meaning \"forest stream\"); under Roman settlement, beginning around 15 B.C., the name became Vindobona (likely from the Celtic windo, meaning \"white, fair, or bright\" and bona meaning \"base, fortification, or settlement\" to give a connotation of \"white settlement\" or \"white fort\"); archeological remains of the latter survive at many sites in the center of Vienna" + "text": "the origin of the name is disputed but may derive from early Celtic settlements of the area; a possible reconstructed Celtic name from several centuries B.C. is Vedunia (meaning \"forest stream\"); under Roman settlement, beginning around 15 B.C., the name became Vindobona (likely from the Celtic windo, meaning \"white, fair, or bright\" and bona meaning \"base, fortification, or settlement\" to give a connotation of \"white settlement\" or \"white fort\"); archeological remains of the latter survive at many sites in the center of Vienna" } }, "Administrative divisions": { @@ -576,16 +576,16 @@ "text": "President Alexander VAN DER BELLEN (since 26 January 2017)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Chancellor Karl NEHAMMER (since 6 December 2021); note - Chancellor Alexander SCHALLENBERG (since 9 October 2021) resigned on 2 December 2021" + "text": "Chancellor Karl NEHAMMER (since 6 December 2021); note - Chancellor Alexander SCHALLENBERG resigned on 2 December 2021" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers chosen by the president on the advice of the chancellor" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 24 April 2016 (first round), 22 May 2016 (second round, which was annulled), and 4 December 2016 (second round re-vote) (next election to be held in October 2022); chancellor appointed by the president but determined by the majority coalition parties in the Federal Assembly; vice chancellor appointed by the president on the advice of the chancellor" + "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 24 April 2016 (first round), 22 May 2016 (second round, which was annulled), and 4 December 2016 (second round re-vote) (next election to be held on 9 October 2022); chancellor appointed by the president but determined by the majority coalition parties in the Federal Assembly; vice chancellor appointed by the president on the advice of the chancellor" }, "election results": { - "text": "2016: Alexander VAN DER BELLEN elected in second round; percent of vote in first round - Norbert HOFER (FPOe) 35.1%, Alexander VAN DER BELLEN (independent, allied with the Greens) 21.3%, Irmgard GRISS (independent) 18.9%, Rudolf HUNDSTORFER (SPOe) 11.3%, Andreas KHOL (OeVP) 11.1%, Richard LUGNER (independent) 2.3%; percent of vote in second round re-vote - Alexander VAN DER BELLEN 53.8%, Norbert HOFER 46.2%

2010:  Heinz Fischer re-elected; percent of vote - Heinz Fischer 79.3%, Barbara Rosenkranz 15.2%, Rudolf Gehring 5.4%" + "text": "2016: Alexander VAN DER BELLEN elected in second round; percent of vote in first round - Norbert HOFER (FPOe) 35.1%, Alexander VAN DER BELLEN (independent, allied with the Greens) 21.3%, Irmgard GRISS (independent) 18.9%, Rudolf HUNDSTORFER (SPOe) 11.3%, Andreas KHOL (OeVP) 11.1%, Richard LUGNER (independent) 2.3%; percent of vote in second round re-vote - Alexander VAN DER BELLEN 53.8%, Norbert HOFER 46.2%

2010:  Heinz FISCHER re-elected; percent of vote - Heinz FISCHER 79.3%, Barbara ROSENKRANZ 15.2%, Rudolf GEHRING 5.4%" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -672,7 +672,7 @@ "lyrics/music": { "text": "Paula von PRERADOVIC/Wolfgang Amadeus MOZART or Johann HOLZER (disputed)" }, - "note": "note 1: adopted 1947; the anthem is also known as \"Land der Berge, Land am Strome\" (Land of the Mountains, Land by the River); Austria adopted a new national anthem after World War II to replace the former imperial anthem composed by Franz Josef HAYDN, which had been appropriated by Germany in 1922 and was thereafter associated with the Nazi regime; a gendered version of the lyrics was adopted by the Austrian Federal Assembly in fall 2011 and became effective 1 January 2012

note 2: the beloved waltz \"The Blue Danube\" (\"An der schoenen, blauen Donau\"), composed in 1866 by the Austrian composer Johann STRAUSS II, is consistently referred to as Austria's unofficial national anthem " + "note": "note 1: adopted 1947; the anthem is also known as \"Land der Berge, Land am Strome\" (Land of the Mountains, Land by the River); Austria adopted a new national anthem after World War II to replace the former imperial anthem composed by Franz Josef HAYDN, which had been appropriated by Germany in 1922 and was thereafter associated with the Nazi regime; a gender-neutral version of the lyrics was adopted by the Austrian Federal Assembly in fall 2011 and became effective 1 January 2012

note 2: the beloved waltz \"The Blue Danube\" (\"An der schoenen, blauen Donau\"), composed in 1866 by the Austrian composer Johann STRAUSS II, is consistently referred to as Austria's unofficial national anthem " }, "National heritage": { "total World Heritage Sites": { @@ -685,7 +685,7 @@ }, "Economy": { "Economic overview": { - "text": "

Austria is a well-developed market economy with skilled labor force and high standard of living. It is closely tied to other EU economies, especially Germany's, but also the US’, its third-largest trade partner. Its economy features a large service sector, a sound industrial sector, and a small, but highly developed agricultural sector.

 

Austrian economic growth strengthen in 2017, with a 2.9% increase in GDP. Austrian exports, accounting for around 60% of the GDP, were up 8.2% in 2017. Austria’s unemployment rate fell by 0.3% to 5.5%, which is low by European standards, but still at its second highest rate since the end of World War II, driven by an increased number of refugees and EU migrants entering the labor market.

 

Austria's fiscal position compares favorably with other euro-zone countries. The budget deficit stood at a low 0.7% of GDP in 2017 and public debt declined again to 78.4% of GDP in 2017, after reaching a post-war high 84.6% in 2015. The Austrian government has announced it plans to balance the fiscal budget in 2019. Several external risks, such as Austrian banks' exposure to Central and Eastern Europe, the refugee crisis, and continued unrest in Russia/Ukraine, eased in 2017, but are still a factor for the Austrian economy. Exposure to the Russian banking sector and a deep energy relationship with Russia present additional risks.

 

Austria elected a new pro-business government in October 2017 that campaigned on promises to reduce bureaucracy, improve public sector efficiency, reduce labor market protections, and provide positive investment incentives.

" + "text": "

Austria is a well-developed market economy with skilled labor force and high standard of living. It is closely tied to other EU economies, especially Germany's, but also the US’, its third-largest trade partner. Its economy features a large service sector, a sound industrial sector, and a small, but highly developed agricultural sector.

 

Austrian economic growth strengthened in 2017, with a 2.9% increase in GDP. Austrian exports, accounting for around 60% of the GDP, were up 8.2% in 2017. Austria’s unemployment rate fell by 0.3% to 5.5%, which is low by European standards, but still at its second highest rate since the end of World War II, driven by an increased number of refugees and EU migrants entering the labor market.

 

Austria's fiscal position compares favorably with other euro-zone countries. The budget deficit stood at a low 0.7% of GDP in 2017 and public debt declined again to 78.4% of GDP in 2017, after reaching a post-war high 84.6% in 2015. The Austrian government has announced it plans to balance the fiscal budget in 2019. Several external risks, such as Austrian banks' exposure to Central and Eastern Europe, the refugee crisis, and continued unrest in Russia/Ukraine, eased in 2017, but are still a factor for the Austrian economy. Exposure to the Russian banking sector and a deep energy relationship with Russia present additional risks.

 

Austria elected a new pro-business government in October 2017 that campaigned on promises to reduce bureaucracy, improve public sector efficiency, reduce labor market protections, and provide positive investment incentives.

" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { @@ -928,19 +928,19 @@ "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -" }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "0.82771 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.828 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "0.90338 (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.903 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "0.87789 (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.878 (2018 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2014": { "text": "0.885 (2014 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "text": "0.763 (2013 est.)" } } }, @@ -1092,7 +1092,7 @@ }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "mature telecom market, dominated by Telekom Austria, Magenta Telekom (formed from the merger of T-Mobile Austria and the cableco UPC Austria), and 3 Austria; the mobile market benefits from a growing number of MVNOs; the telcos as well as the government and regulator have been focused on delivering improved telecom infrastructure; the government has a program to provide a national gigabit service by 2030, delivered by private enterprise though with some state funding; this is based on fibrer networks supported by 5G, with the MNOs able to expand the reach of their 5G services following auctions held in March 2019 and September 2020; the fixed-line broadband market is still dominated by the DSL sector, while the cable broadband sector has held a steady share of connections in recent years; the fiber sector was slow to develop, and although fiber remains low there are plans to build out the network infrastructure; by February 2021, A1 Telekom’s fibre network reached more than 2.3 million premises; Magenta Telekom continues to invest in DOCSIS3.1 technology, and by mid-2021 about a third of premises (some 1.4 million) nationally could access the company’s gigabit service. (2021)" + "text": "mature telecom market, dominated by Telekom Austria, Magenta Telekom (formed from the merger of T-Mobile Austria and the cableco UPC Austria), and 3 Austria; the mobile market benefits from a growing number of mobile virtual network operators; the telcos as well as the government and regulator have been focused on delivering improved telecom infrastructure; the government has a program to provide a national gigabit service by 2030, delivered by private enterprise though with some state funding; this is based on fiber networks supported by 5G, with the Mobile Network Operators able to expand the reach of their 5G services following auctions held in March 2019 and September 2020; the fixed-line broadband market is still dominated by the DSL sector, while the cable broadband sector has held a steady share of connections in recent years; the fiber sector was slow to develop, and although fiber remains low there are plans to build out the network infrastructure; by February 2021, A1 Telekom’s fibre network reached more than 2.3 million premises; Magenta Telekom continues to invest in DOCSIS3.1 technology, and by mid-2021 about a third of premises (some 1.4 million) nationally could access the company’s gigabit service. (2021)" }, "domestic": { "text": "developed and efficient; 42 per 100 fixed-line for households, 174 per 100 for companies; roughly 119 per 100 mobile-cellular; broadband: 138 per 100 on smartphones; roughly 29 per 100 fixed broadband and 107 per 100 mobile broadband (2020)" @@ -1125,7 +1125,7 @@ } }, "Communications - note": { - "text": "note 1: the Austrian National Library contains important collections of the Imperial Library of the Holy Roman Empire and of the Austrian Empire, as well as of the Austrian Republic; among its more than 12 million items are outstanding holdings of rare books, maps, globes, papyrus, and music; its Globe Museum is the only one in the world

note 2: on 1 October 1869, Austria-Hungary introduced the world's first postal card - postal stationery with an imprinted stamp indicating the prepayment of postage; simple and cheap (sent for a fraction of the cost of a regular letter), postal cards became an instant success, widely produced in the millions worldwide

note 3: Austria followed up with the creation of the world's first commercial picture postcards - cards bearing a picture or photo to which postage is affixed - in May 1871; sent from Vienna, the image served as a souvenir of the city; together, postal cards and post cards served as the world's e-mails of the late 19th and early 20th centuries

note 4: Austria was also an airmail pioneer; from March to October of 1918, it conducted the world's first regular (daily) airmail service - between the imperial cities of Vienna, Krakow, and Lemberg - a combined distance of some 650 km (400 mi) (earlier airmail services had been set up in a few parts of the world, but only for short stretches and none lasted beyond a few days or weeks); an expansion of the route in June of 1918 allowed private mail to be flown to Kyiv, in newly independent Ukraine, which made the route the world's first regular international airmail service (covering a distance of some 1,200 km; 750 mi)" + "text": "note 1: the Austrian National Library contains important collections of the Imperial Library of the Holy Roman Empire and of the Austrian Empire, as well as of the Austrian Republic; among its more than 12 million items are outstanding holdings of rare books, maps, globes, papyrus, and music; its Globe Museum is the only one in the world

note 2: on 1 October 1869, Austria-Hungary introduced the world's first postal card - postal stationery with an imprinted stamp indicating the prepayment of postage; simple and cheap (sent for a fraction of the cost of a regular letter), postal cards became an instant success, widely produced in the millions worldwide

note 3: Austria followed up with the creation of the world's first commercial picture postcards - cards bearing a picture or photo to which postage is affixed - in May 1871; sent from Vienna, the image served as a souvenir of the city; together, postal cards and post cards served as the world's e-mails of the late 19th and early 20th centuries

note 4: Austria was also an airmail pioneer; from March to October of 1918, it conducted the world's first regular (daily) airmail service - between the imperial cities of Vienna, Krakow, and Lemberg - a combined distance of some 650 km (400 mi) (earlier airmail services had been set up in a few parts of the world but only for short stretches, and none lasted beyond a few days or weeks); an expansion of the route in June of 1918 allowed private mail to be flown to Kyiv, in newly independent Ukraine, which made the route the world's first regular international airmail service (covering a distance of some 1,200 km; 750 mi)" } }, "Transportation": { @@ -1274,7 +1274,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "57,887 (Syria), 41,037 (Afghanistan), 9,661 (Iraq), 8,212 (Somalia), 7,046 (Iran), 7,003 (Russia) (mid-year 2021); 82,446 (Ukraine) (as of 27 September 2022)" + "text": "57,887 (Syria), 41,037 (Afghanistan), 9,661 (Iraq), 8,212 (Somalia), 7,046 (Iran), 7,003 (Russia) (mid-year 2021); 83,081 (Ukraine) (as of 4 October 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "3,229 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/be.json b/europe/be.json index f4e940bf..5c2794f3 100644 --- a/europe/be.json +++ b/europe/be.json @@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ "text": "230 sq km (2012)" }, "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { - "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Seine 78,919 sq km), Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km)" + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Seine (78,919 sq km), Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km)" }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most of the population concentrated in the northern two-thirds of the country; the southeast is more thinly populated; considered to have one of the highest population densities in the world; approximately 97% live in urban areas" @@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ "text": "flooding is a threat along rivers and in areas of reclaimed coastal land, protected from the sea by concrete dikes" }, "Geography - note": { - "text": "crossroads of Western Europe; most West European capitals are within 1,000 km of Brussels, the seat of both the European Union and NATO" + "text": "crossroads of Western Europe; most West European capitals are within 1,000 km of Brussels, the seat of both the EU and NATO" }, "Map description": { "text": "

Belgium map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the North Sea.

" @@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ } }, "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { - "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Seine 78,919 sq km), Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km)" + "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Seine (78,919 sq km), Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km)" }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { @@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Flemish parties:
Christian Democratic and Flemish or CD&V [Sammy MAHDI]
Forward [Conner ROUSSEAU] (formerly Social Progressive Alternative or SP.A)
Groen or Green [Nadia NAJI and Jeremie VANEECKHOUT] (formerly AGALEV, Flemish Greens)
New Flemish Alliance or N-VA [Bart DE WEVER]
Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats or Open VLD [Egbert LACHAERT]
Vlaams Belang (Flemish Interest) or VB [Tom VAN GRIEKEN]
Francophone parties:
Ecolo (Francophone Greens) [Jean-Marc NOLLET, Rajae MAOUANE]
Francophone Federalist Democrats or Defi [Francois DE SMET]
Les Engages [Maxine PREVOT] (formerly Humanist and Democratic Center or CDH)
People's Party or PP [Mischael MODRIKAMEN] (dissolved 18 June 2019)
Reform Movement or MR [George-Louis BOUCHEZ]
Socialist Party or PS [Paul MAGNETTE]
Workers' Party or PVDA-PTB [Raoul HEDEBOUW]" + "text": "Flemish parties:
Christian Democratic and Flemish or CD&V [Sammy MAHDI]
Forward [Conner ROUSSEAU] (formerly Social Progressive Alternative or SP.A)
Groen or Green [Nadia NAJI and Jeremie VANEECKHOUT] (formerly AGALEV, Flemish Greens)
New Flemish Alliance or N-VA [Bart DE WEVER]
Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats or Open VLD [Egbert LACHAERT]
Vlaams Belang (Flemish Interest) or VB [Tom VAN GRIEKEN]
Francophone parties:
Ecolo (Francophone Greens) [Jean-Marc NOLLET and Rajae MAOUANE]
Francophone Federalist Democrats or Defi [Francois DE SMET]
Les Engages [Maxine PREVOT] (formerly Humanist and Democratic Center or CDH)
People's Party or PP [Mischael MODRIKAMEN] (dissolved 18 June 2019)
Reform Movement or MR [George-Louis BOUCHEZ]
Socialist Party or PS [Paul MAGNETTE]
Workers' Party or PVDA-PTB [Raoul HEDEBOUW]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ADB (nonregional members), AfDB (nonregional members), Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" @@ -658,7 +658,7 @@ "text": "\"La Brabanconne\" (The Song of Brabant)" }, "lyrics/music": { - "text": "Louis-Alexandre DECHET[French] Victor CEULEMANS [Dutch]/Francois VAN CAMPENHOUT" + "text": "Louis-Alexandre DECHET [French] and Victor CEULEMANS [Dutch]/Francois VAN CAMPENHOUT" }, "note": "note: adopted 1830; according to legend, Louis-Alexandre DECHET, an actor at the theater in which the revolution against the Netherlands began, wrote the lyrics with a group of young people in a Brussels cafe" }, @@ -845,7 +845,7 @@ "Public debt 2016": { "text": "106% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, - "note": "note: data cover general government debt and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions; general government debt is defined by the Maastricht definition and calculated by the National Bank of Belgium as consolidated gross debt; the debt is defined in European Regulation EC479/2009 concerning the implementation of the protocol on the excessive deficit procedure annexed to the Treaty on European Union (Treaty of Maastricht) of 7 February 1992; the sub-sectors of consolidated gross debt are: federal government, communities and regions, local government, and social security funds" + "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions; general government debt is defined by the Maastricht definition and calculated by the National Bank of Belgium as consolidated gross debt; the debt is defined in European Regulation EC479/2009 concerning the implementation of the protocol on the excessive deficit procedure annexed to the Treaty on European Union (Treaty of Maastricht) of 7 February 1992; the sub-sectors of consolidated gross debt are: federal government, communities and regions, local government, and social security funds" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { "text": "51.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" @@ -916,19 +916,19 @@ "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -" }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "0.82771 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.828 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "0.90338 (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.903 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "0.87789 (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.878 (2018 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2014": { "text": "0.885 (2014 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "text": "0.763 (2013 est.)" } } }, @@ -1080,18 +1080,18 @@ }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "Belgium’s mobile market is served by the three network operators Proximus, Orange Belgium and BASE, and by a good number of MVNOs; mobile networks have been upgraded to support growing mobile data use among subscribers, with near-comprehensive LTE coverage; operators have also trialed 5G in preparation for launching services; the auction of 5G-suitable spectrum has been delayed to the beginning of 2022, while the onerous restrictions on radiation have meant that some 5G trials have been suspended; there is effective competition in Belgium between the DSL and cable platforms, while in recent years government support has also encouraged investment in fiber networks; Telenet, supported by its parent Liberty Global, has extended the reach of services based on the DOCSIS3.1 standard, while Proximus also has extensive fibre/VDSL and FttP deployments and is currently investing in €3 billion 'Fibre for Belgium' program through to 2027; in a bid to encourage investment in under served areas, the regulator in 2018 amended the conditions by which market players grant wholesale access to copper and fiber infrastructure; in May 2019 it opened a further consultation on cost models for access to the networks of cablecos and those of Proximus’s fibre infrastructure. (2021)" + "text": "Belgium’s mobile market is served by the three network operators Proximus, Orange Belgium, and BASE, and by a good number of Mobile Virtual Network Operators; mobile networks have been upgraded to support growing mobile data use among subscribers, with near-comprehensive LTE coverage; operators have also trialed 5G in preparation for launching services; the auction of 5G-suitable spectrum has been delayed to the beginning of 2022, while the onerous restrictions on radiation have meant that some 5G trials have been suspended; there is effective competition in Belgium between the DSL and cable platforms, while in recent years government support has also encouraged investment in fiber networks; Telenet, supported by its parent Liberty Global, has extended the reach of services based on the DOCSIS3.1 standard, while Proximus also has extensive fiber/Very high-speed digital subscriber line and FttP deployments and is currently investing in $2.9 billion 'Fiber for Belgium' program through 2027; in a bid to encourage investment in under served areas, the regulator in 2018 amended the conditions by which market players grant wholesale access to copper and fiber infrastructure; in May 2019 it opened a further consultation on cost models for access to the networks of cablecos and those of Proximus’s fiber infrastructure. (2021)" }, "domestic": { "text": "about 31 per 100 fixed-line and 99 per 100 mobile-cellular; nationwide mobile-cellular telephone system; extensive cable network; limited microwave radio relay network (2020)" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 32; landing points for Concerto, UK-Belgium, Tangerine, and SeaMeWe-3, submarine cables that provide links to Europe, the Middle East, Australia and Asia; satellite earth stations - 7 (Intelsat - 3) (2019)" + "text": "country code - 32; landing points for Concerto, UK-Belgium, Tangerine, and SeaMeWe-3, submarine cables that provide links to Europe, the Middle East, Australia, and Asia; satellite earth stations - 7 (Intelsat - 3) (2019)" }, "note": "note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services" }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "a segmented market with the three major communities (Flemish, French, and German-speaking) each having responsibility for their own broadcast media; multiple TV channels exist for each community; additionally, in excess of 90% of households are connected to cable and can access broadcasts of TV stations from neighboring countries; each community has a public radio network coexisting with private broadcasters" + "text": "a segmented market with the three major communities (Flemish-, French-, and German-speaking) each having responsibility for their own broadcast media; multiple TV channels exist for each community; additionally, in excess of 90% of households are connected to cable and can access broadcasts of TV stations from neighboring countries; each community has a public radio network coexisting with private broadcasters" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".be" @@ -1264,7 +1264,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "18,493 (Syria), 5,094 (Iraq) (2020); 56,464 (Ukraine) (as of 26 September 2022)" + "text": "18,493 (Syria), 5,094 (Iraq) (2020); 56,854 (Ukraine) (as of 4 October 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "1,159 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/bk.json b/europe/bk.json index 1a5223f6..5574ac66 100644 --- a/europe/bk.json +++ b/europe/bk.json @@ -1251,7 +1251,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "149 (mid-year 2021)" }, - "note": "note: 100,895 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2022)" + "note": "note: 101,922 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2022)" }, "Trafficking in persons": { "current situation": { diff --git a/europe/bo.json b/europe/bo.json index e333a24f..9fc15641 100644 --- a/europe/bo.json +++ b/europe/bo.json @@ -1265,7 +1265,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "14,219 (Ukraine) (as of 26 September 2022)" + "text": "14,881 (Ukraine) (as of 3 October 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "6,104 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/cy.json b/europe/cy.json index 39de18ca..ece5f673 100644 --- a/europe/cy.json +++ b/europe/cy.json @@ -1255,7 +1255,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "9,820 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 13,852 (Ukraine) (as of 25 September 2022)" + "text": "9,820 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 14,157 (Ukraine) (as of 2 October 2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "242,000 (both Turkish and Greek Cypriots; many displaced since 1974) (2021)" diff --git a/europe/da.json b/europe/da.json index 2c536c9c..1717db7b 100644 --- a/europe/da.json +++ b/europe/da.json @@ -92,8 +92,7 @@ }, "other": { "text": "23.7% (2018 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: highest percentage of arable land for any country in the world" + } }, "Irrigated land": { "text": "4,350 sq km (2012)" @@ -438,8 +437,7 @@ }, "other": { "text": "23.7% (2018 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: highest percentage of arable land for any country in the world" + } }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { @@ -527,7 +525,7 @@ "text": "metropolitan Denmark - 5 regions (regioner, singular - region); Hovedstaden (Capital), Midtjylland (Central Jutland), Nordjylland (North Jutland), Sjaelland (Zealand), Syddanmark (Southern Denmark)" }, "Independence": { - "text": "ca. 965 (unified and Christianized under HARALD I Gormsson); 5 June 1849 (became a parliamentary constitutional monarchy)" + "text": "ca. 965 (unified and Christianized under Harald I GORMSSON); 5 June 1849 (became a parliamentary constitutional monarchy)" }, "National holiday": { "text": "Constitution Day, 5 June (1849); note - closest equivalent to a national holiday" @@ -600,7 +598,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "The Alternative AP (Franciska ROSENKILDE)
Conservative People's Party or DKF or C [Soren PAPE POULSEN]
Danish People's Party or DF or O [Morten MESSERSCHMIDT]
Green Left or SF or F [Pia OLSEN DYHR] (formerly Socialist People's Party or SF or F)
Liberal Alliance or LA or I [Alex VANOPSLAGH]
Liberal Party (Venstre) or V [Jakob ELLEMANN-JENSEN]
New Right Party or NB or D [Pernille VERMUND]
Red-Green Alliance (Unity List) or EL [collective leadership, Mai VILLADSEN, spokesperson]
Social Democrats or SDP or A [Mette FREDERIKSEN]
Social Liberal Party or SLP or B [Sofie CARSTEN NIELSEN]" + "text": "The Alternative AP [Franciska ROSENKILDE]
Conservative People's Party or DKF or C [Soren PAPE POULSEN]
Danish People's Party or DF or O [Morten MESSERSCHMIDT]
Green Left or SF or F [Pia OLSEN DYHR] (formerly Socialist People's Party or SF or F)
Liberal Alliance or LA or I [Alex VANOPSLAGH]
Liberal Party (Venstre) or V [Jakob ELLEMANN-JENSEN]
New Right Party or NB or D [Pernille VERMUND]
Red-Green Alliance (Unity List) or EL [collective leadership, Mai VILLADSEN, spokesperson]
Social Democrats or SDP or A [Mette FREDERIKSEN]
Social Liberal Party or SLP or B [Sofie CARSTEN NIELSEN]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" @@ -627,7 +625,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Jim BOUGHNER" + "text": "Ambassador Alan LEVENTHAL (since 1 July 2022)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Dag Hammarskjolds Alle 24, 2100 Kobenhavn 0" @@ -1241,8 +1239,8 @@ "text": "the Danish military inventory is comprised of a mix of modern European, US, and domestically-produced equipment; the US has been the largest supplier of military equipment to Denmark since 2010; the Danish defense industry is active in the production of naval vessels, defense electronics, and subcomponents of larger weapons systems, such as the US F-35 fighter aircraft (2022)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscripts serve an initial training period that varies from 4 to 12 months depending on specialization; former conscripts are assigned to mobilization units; women eligible to volunteer for military service; in addition to full time employment, the Danish Military offers reserve contracts in all three branches (2021)", - "note": "note: women have been able serve in all military occupations, including combat arms, since 1988; as of 2019, they made up about 8% of the military's full-time personnel; conscientious objectors can choose to instead serve 6 months in a non-military position, for example in Beredskabsstyrelsen (dealing with non-military disasters like fires, flood, pollution, etc.) or overseas foreign aid work" + "text": "18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscripts serve an initial training period that varies from 4 to 12 months depending on specialization; former conscripts are assigned to mobilization units; women eligible to volunteer for military service; in addition to full time employment, the Danish Military offers reserve contracts in all three branches (2022)", + "note": "note 1: women have been able serve in all military occupations, including combat arms, since 1988; as of 2019, they made up about 8% of the military's full-time personnel; conscientious objectors can choose to instead serve 6 months in a non-military position, for example in Beredskabsstyrelsen (dealing with non-military disasters like fires, flood, pollution, etc.) or overseas foreign aid work

note 2: foreign nationals living in another EU country may apply to join the Danish armed forces, provided they are fluent in Dutch and have lived one year in Denmark or six years if applying within an EU country

note 2: Denmark has had compulsory military service since 1849" }, "Military deployments": { "text": "approximately 220 Estonia (NATO); approximately 100 Middle East/Iraq (NATO) (2022)", @@ -1264,7 +1262,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "19,833 (Syria), 5,634 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2021); 35,193 (Ukraine) (as of 27 September 2022)" + "text": "19,833 (Syria), 5,634 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2021); 35,535 (Ukraine) (as of 4 October 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "11,608 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/en.json b/europe/en.json index 7fd34e59..867ddb14 100644 --- a/europe/en.json +++ b/europe/en.json @@ -1245,7 +1245,7 @@ }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-27 for compulsory military or governmental service for men; conscript service requirement 8-11 months depending on education; non-commissioned officers, reserve officers, and specialists serve 11 months; women can volunteer, and as of 2018 could serve in any military branch (2022)", - "note": "note 1: conscripts comprise approximately 3,000-3,300 of the Estonian military's 7,000 active duty personnel and serve in all branches, except for the Air Force, which does not have conscripts; after conscript service, reservists are called up for training every 5 years

note 2: in 2020, women comprised about 10% of the full-time professional military force" + "note": "note 1: conscripts comprise approximately 3,000-3,300 of the Estonian military's 7,000 active duty personnel and serve in all branches, except for the Air Force, which does not have conscripts; after conscript service, reservists are called up for training every 5 years; Estonia has had conscription since 1991

note 2: in 2020, women comprised about 10% of the full-time professional military force" }, "Military - note": { "text": "Estonia became a member of NATO in 2004

since 2017, Estonia has hosted a UK-led multi-national NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the Alliance’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative; NATO has provided air protection for Estonia since 2004 through its Air Policing mission; NATO member countries that possess air combat capabilities voluntarily contribute to the mission on 4-month rotations; NATO fighter aircraft have been hosted at Estonia’s Ämari Air Base since 2014 (2022)" @@ -1257,7 +1257,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "57,257 (Ukraine) (as of 26 September 2022)" + "text": "58,225 (Ukraine) (as of 30 September 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "71,873 (mid-year 2021); note - following independence in 1991, automatic citizenship was restricted to those who were Estonian citizens prior to the 1940 Soviet occupation and their descendants; thousands of ethnic Russians remained stateless when forced to choose between passing Estonian language and citizenship tests or applying for Russian citizenship; one reason for demurring on Estonian citizenship was to retain the right of visa-free travel to Russia; stateless residents can vote in local elections but not general elections; stateless parents who have been lawful residents of Estonia for at least five years can apply for citizenship for their children before they turn 15 years old" diff --git a/europe/ez.json b/europe/ez.json index 2f991a9e..88b22c84 100644 --- a/europe/ez.json +++ b/europe/ez.json @@ -1252,7 +1252,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "439,043 (Ukraine) (as of 27 September 2022)" + "text": "442,443 (Ukraine) (as of 4 October 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "1,498 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/fi.json b/europe/fi.json index 16e1a4c7..302df1e2 100644 --- a/europe/fi.json +++ b/europe/fi.json @@ -1256,7 +1256,7 @@ }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "at age 18, all Finnish men are obligated to serve 5.5-12 months of service within a branch of the military or the Border Guard (length of service depends on the type of duty), and women 18-29 may volunteer for service; there is also an option to perform non-military service which lasts for 8.5 or 11.5 months; after completing their initial conscript obligation, individuals enter the reserves and remain eligible for mobilization until the age of 50 for rank-and-file and 60 for non-commissioned and commissioned officers (2022)", - "note": "note: the military trains approximately 21,000 (20,000 Army) conscripts each year; as of 2019, women made up about 4% of the military's full-time personnel" + "note": "note 1: the military trains approximately 21,000 (20,000 Army) conscripts each year; as of 2019, women made up about 4% of the military's full-time personnel

note 2: Finland has had conscription since 1951" }, "Military deployments": { "text": "160 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (May 2022)" @@ -1271,7 +1271,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "9,053 (Iraq) (mid-year 2021); 38,588 (Ukraine) (as of 25 September 2022)" + "text": "9,053 (Iraq) (mid-year 2021); 39,083 (Ukraine) (as of 2 October 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "3,416 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/gm.json b/europe/gm.json index b20b71a8..83050e94 100644 --- a/europe/gm.json +++ b/europe/gm.json @@ -1112,7 +1112,7 @@ }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "with one of Europe’s largest telecom markets, Germany hosts a number of significant networks which offer effective competition in the mobile and broadband sectors; Telekom Deutschland remains the dominant provider in the fixed-line segment, though there is increasing competition from networks including freenet, Vodafone Germany, and Telefónica Germany, each of which is making use of regulatory measures aimed at facilitating wholesale network access to provide fiber-based broadband services; the German mobile market is driven by mobile data, with the number of mobile broadband subscribers having increased rapidly in recent years; with LTE now universally available, progress has recently been made in building out 5G networks; Telekom’s 5G service provided about 80% population coverage by March 2021; this was expected to be increased to 90% coverage by the end of the year (2021)" + "text": "with one of Europe’s largest telecom markets, Germany hosts a number of significant operators which offer effective competition in the mobile and broadband sectors; Telekom Deutschland remains the dominant provider in the fixed-line segment, though there is increasing competition from operators including Freenet, Vodafone Germany, and Telefónica Germany, each of which is making use of regulatory measures aimed at facilitating wholesale network access to provide fiber-based broadband services; the German mobile market is driven by mobile data, with the number of mobile broadband subscribers having increased rapidly in recent years; with LTE now effectively universally available, considerable progress has recently been made in building out 5G networks;  Telekom’s 5G service provided about 80% population coverage by March 2021; this was expected to be increased to 90% coverage by the end of the year. (2022)" }, "domestic": { "text": "extensive system of automatic telephone exchanges connected by modern networks of fiber-optic cable, coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, and a domestic satellite system; cellular telephone service is widely available, expanding rapidly, and includes roaming service to many foreign countries; approximately 46 per 100 for fixed-line and 128 per 100 for mobile-cellular (2020)" @@ -1310,7 +1310,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "616,325 (Syria), 152,677 (Afghanistan), 147,400 (Iraq), 62,152 (Eritrea), 45,704 (Iran), 34,465 (Turkey), 29,137 (Somalia), 9,329 (Russia), 9,323 (Nigeria), 8,600 (Pakistan), 7,503 (Serbia and Kosovo), 6,057 (Ethiopia) (mid-year 2021); 1,003,029 (Ukraine) (as of 20 September 2022)" + "text": "616,325 (Syria), 152,677 (Afghanistan), 147,400 (Iraq), 62,152 (Eritrea), 45,704 (Iran), 34,465 (Turkey), 29,137 (Somalia), 9,329 (Russia), 9,323 (Nigeria), 8,600 (Pakistan), 7,503 (Serbia and Kosovo), 6,057 (Ethiopia) (mid-year 2021); 997,895 (Ukraine) (as of 4 October 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "26,980 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/gr.json b/europe/gr.json index fa5d77f9..4b390251 100644 --- a/europe/gr.json +++ b/europe/gr.json @@ -1278,7 +1278,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "5,552 (mid-year 2021)" }, - "note": "note: 1,224,577 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2022); as of the end of February 2022, Greece hosted an estimated 161,419 refugees and asylum seekers" + "note": "note: 1,224,758 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2022); as of the end of February 2022, Greece hosted an estimated 161,419 refugees and asylum seekers" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis products and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine transits or is consumed in Greece; money laundering related to drug trafficking and organized crime" diff --git a/europe/hr.json b/europe/hr.json index de3ac535..81dbb04a 100644 --- a/europe/hr.json +++ b/europe/hr.json @@ -1290,7 +1290,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "18,328 (Ukraine) (as of 26 September 2022)" + "text": "18,500 (Ukraine) (as of 3 October 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "2,910 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/hu.json b/europe/hu.json index 7693dde9..91bedf4a 100644 --- a/europe/hu.json +++ b/europe/hu.json @@ -1293,7 +1293,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "30,000 (Ukraine) (as of 27 September 2022)" + "text": "30,000 (Ukraine) (as of 4 October 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "130 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/lg.json b/europe/lg.json index 2a35a9b2..20074995 100644 --- a/europe/lg.json +++ b/europe/lg.json @@ -1265,7 +1265,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "38,915 (Ukraine) (as of 26 September 2022)" + "text": "39,083 (Ukraine) (as of 4 October 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "209,168 (mid-year 2021); note - individuals who were Latvian citizens prior to the 1940 Soviet occupation and their descendants were recognized as Latvian citizens when the country's independence was restored in 1991; citizens of the former Soviet Union residing in Latvia who have neither Latvian nor other citizenship are considered non-citizens (officially there is no statelessness in Latvia) and are entitled to non-citizen passports; children born after Latvian independence to stateless parents are entitled to Latvian citizenship upon their parents' request; non-citizens cannot vote or hold certain government jobs and are exempt from military service but can travel visa-free in the EU under the Schengen accord like Latvian citizens; non-citizens can obtain naturalization if they have been permanent residents of Latvia for at least five years, pass tests in Latvian language and history, and know the words of the Latvian national anthem" diff --git a/europe/lh.json b/europe/lh.json index a53b8eec..c7b0e460 100644 --- a/europe/lh.json +++ b/europe/lh.json @@ -1278,7 +1278,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "66,368 (Ukraine) (as of 27 September 2022)" + "text": "67,048 (Ukraine) (as of 4 October 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "2,721 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/lo.json b/europe/lo.json index fbc570c8..26f9d9da 100644 --- a/europe/lo.json +++ b/europe/lo.json @@ -1238,7 +1238,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "95,375 (Ukraine) (as of 27 September 2022)" + "text": "96,336 (Ukraine) (as of 11 October 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "1,532 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/lu.json b/europe/lu.json index 06bfe966..952b13ee 100644 --- a/europe/lu.json +++ b/europe/lu.json @@ -1213,7 +1213,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "6,561 (Ukraine) (as of 20 September 2022)" + "text": "6,561 (Ukraine) (as of 4 October 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "194 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/md.json b/europe/md.json index 2e48c4d3..fdf77493 100644 --- a/europe/md.json +++ b/europe/md.json @@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@ "text": "the Moldovan military's inventory is limited and almost entirely comprised of older Russian and Soviet-era equipment; since 2000, it has received small amounts of donated material from other nations, including the US (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service; male registration required at age 16; 12-month service obligation (2021)", + "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service; male registration required at age 16; 12-month service obligation (2022)", "note": "note: as of 2019, women made up about 20% of the military's full-time personnel" }, "Military - note": { @@ -1235,7 +1235,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "92,443 (Ukraine) (as of 27 September 2022)" + "text": "93,117 (Ukraine) (as of 11 October 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "3,372 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/mj.json b/europe/mj.json index c464b4b1..62301d2c 100644 --- a/europe/mj.json +++ b/europe/mj.json @@ -1277,7 +1277,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "458 (mid-year 2021)" }, - "note": "note: 25,996 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2022)" + "note": "note: 26,276 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2022)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "

drug trafficking groups are major players in the procurement and transportation of large quantities of cocaine  destined for  European markets

" diff --git a/europe/mk.json b/europe/mk.json index 355a0b86..8c93c35a 100644 --- a/europe/mk.json +++ b/europe/mk.json @@ -1188,7 +1188,7 @@ }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2007 (2021)", - "note": "note: as of 2019, women made up about 8% of the military's full-time personnel" + "note": "note: as of 2022, women made up about 10% of the military's full-time personnel" }, "Military - note": { "text": "North Macedonia became the 30th member of NATO in 2020; as of 2022, Greece provided NATO's air policing mission for North Macedonia" @@ -1206,7 +1206,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "5,817 (Ukraine) (as of 27 September 2022)" + "text": "5,929 (Ukraine) (as of 4 October 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "553 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/mt.json b/europe/mt.json index a8164ada..8b0ab778 100644 --- a/europe/mt.json +++ b/europe/mt.json @@ -1195,7 +1195,7 @@ "text": "the military has a small inventory that consists of equipment from a mix of European countries, particularly Italy, and the US (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-30 years of age for men and women for voluntary military service; no conscription (2021)" + "text": "18-30 years of age for men and women for voluntary military service; no conscription (2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "

Malta maintains a security policy of neutrality, but contributes to EU and UN military missions and joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1995 (suspended in 1996, but reactivated in 2008); it also participates in various bilateral and multinational military exercises; Malta cooperates closely with Italy on defense matters; in 1973, Italy established a military mission in Malta to provide advice, training, and search and rescue assistance

 

" @@ -1209,7 +1209,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "11 (mid-year 2021)" }, - "note": "note: 8,388 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals by sea (January 2015-August 2022)" + "note": "note: 8,402 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals by sea (January 2015-September 2022)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "minor transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Western Europe" diff --git a/europe/nl.json b/europe/nl.json index 71556055..6d80b85f 100644 --- a/europe/nl.json +++ b/europe/nl.json @@ -1257,7 +1257,7 @@ "text": "the military's inventory consists of a mix of domestically-produced and modern European- and US-sourced equipment; since 2010, the US has been the leading supplier of weapons systems to the Netherlands; the Netherlands has an advanced domestic defense industry that focuses on armored vehicles, naval ships, and air defense systems; it also participates with the US and other European countries on joint development and production of advanced weapons systems (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "17 years of age for an all-volunteer force; conscription remains in place, but the requirement to show up for compulsory military service was suspended in 1997 (2021)", + "text": "17 years of age for voluntary service for men and women; the military is an all-volunteer force; conscription remains in place, but the requirement to show up for compulsory military service was suspended in 1997; must be a citizen of the Netherlands (2022)", "note": "note: in 2019, women made up about 11% of the military's full-time personnel" }, "Military deployments": { @@ -1280,7 +1280,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "37,792 (Syria), 14,787 (Eritrea), 8,368 (Somalia), 6,636 (Iraq), 5,346 (Iran) (mid-year 2021); 76,660 (Ukraine) (as of 5 September 2022)" + "text": "37,792 (Syria), 14,787 (Eritrea), 8,368 (Somalia), 6,636 (Iraq), 5,346 (Iran) (mid-year 2021); 79,250 (Ukraine) (as of 30 September 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "2,087 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/no.json b/europe/no.json index 9901aab6..85f4491f 100644 --- a/europe/no.json +++ b/europe/no.json @@ -1229,8 +1229,8 @@ "text": "the military's inventory includes a mix of imported European, US, and domestically-produced weapons systems and equipment; since 2010, the US has been the leading supplier of weapons systems to Norway (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "19-35 years of age for selective compulsory military service for men and women; 17 years of age for male volunteers; 18 years of age for women volunteers; 19-month service obligation; conscripts first serve 12 months between the ages of 19 and 28, and then up to 4-5 refresher training periods until age 35, 44, 55, or 60 depending on rank and function (2021)", - "note": "note 1: Norway conscripts about 8,000 individuals annually

note 2: Norway was the first NATO country to allow women to serve in all combat arms branches of the military (1985); it also has an all-female special operations unit known as Jegertroppen (The Hunter Troop), which was established in 2014; as of 2019, women comprised about 14% of the military's full-time personnel" + "text": "19-35 years of age for selective compulsory military service for men and women; 17 years of age for male volunteers; 18 years of age for women volunteers; 12-19 month service obligation; conscripts first serve 12 months between the ages of 19 and 28, and then up to 4-5 refresher training periods until age 35, 44, 55, or 60 depending on rank and function (2022)", + "note": "note 1: Norway conscripts about 8,000 individuals annually; it has had compulsory military service since 1907

note 2: Norway was the first NATO country to allow women to serve in all combat arms branches of the military (1985); it also has an all-female special operations unit known as Jegertroppen (The Hunter Troop), which was established in 2014; as of 2019, women comprised about 14% of the military's full-time personnel" }, "Military deployments": { "text": "up to 190 Lithuania (NATO) (2022)", @@ -1246,7 +1246,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "15,542 (Syria), 11,965 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2021); 27,845 (Ukraine) (as of 23 September 2022)" + "text": "15,542 (Syria), 11,965 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2021); 28,492 (Ukraine) (as of 30 September 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "4,154 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/pl.json b/europe/pl.json index b410669e..72540d13 100644 --- a/europe/pl.json +++ b/europe/pl.json @@ -1269,8 +1269,11 @@ "note": "note: the Polish Armed Forces are organized into a General Staff, an Armed Forces General Command, an Armed Forces Operational Command, Territorial Defense Forces (established 2017), Military Police, and the Warsaw Garrison Command" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2022": { + "text": "2.2% of GDP (2022 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2021": { - "text": "2.3% of GDP (2021 est.)" + "text": "2.3% of GDP (2021)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { "text": "2.2% of GDP (2020)" @@ -1281,9 +1284,7 @@ "Military Expenditures 2018": { "text": "2% of GDP (2018) (approximately $16.8 billion)" }, - "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "1.9% of GDP (2017) (approximately $14.9 billion)" - } + "note": "note: in 2022, the Polish Government announced plans to increase defense spending to 3% of GDP for 2023" }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { "text": "approximately 120,000 active duty personnel (65,000 Army; 7,000 Navy; 15,000 Air Force; 3,000 Special Forces; 25,000 joint service/other; 5,000 active Territorial Defense Forces); approximately 25,000 other Territorial Defense Forces (reserves) (2022)", @@ -1294,8 +1295,8 @@ "note": "note: in late 2018, Poland announced a 7-year (through 2026) approximately $50 billion defense modernization plan that would include such items as 5th generation combat aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles, rocket artillery, helicopters, submarines, frigates, and improved cyber security" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-28 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; conscription phased out in 2009-12; professional soldiers serve on a permanent basis (for an unspecified period of time) or on a contract basis (for a specified period of time); initial contract period is 24 months; women serve in the military on the same terms as men (2021)", - "note": "note: as of 2019, women made up about 7% of the military's full-time personnel" + "text": "18-28 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; conscription phased out in 2009-12; professional soldiers serve on a permanent basis (for an unspecified period of time) or on a contract basis (for a specified period of time); initial contract period is 24 months; women serve in the military on the same terms as men (2022)", + "note": "note 1: as of 2019, women made up about 7% of the military's full-time personnel

note 2: in May 2022, Poland announced a new 12-month voluntary military service program with recruits going through a 1-month basic training period with a military unit, followed by 11 months of specialized training; upon completion of service, the volunteers would be allowed to join the Territorial Defense Forces or the active reserve, and have priority to join the professional army and be given preference for employment in the public sector; the program is part of an effort to increase the size of the Polish military" }, "Military deployments": { "text": "250 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); up to 180 Latvia (NATO); 190 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 230 Romania (NATO) (2022)", @@ -1317,7 +1318,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "9,870 (Russia) (2019); 1,409,139 (Ukraine) (as of 26 September 2022)" + "text": "9,870 (Russia) (2019); 1,422,482 (Ukraine) (as of 11 October 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "1,389 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/po.json b/europe/po.json index 3ef664b3..17d43efe 100644 --- a/europe/po.json +++ b/europe/po.json @@ -1252,7 +1252,7 @@ "text": "the military's inventory includes mostly European- and US-origin weapons systems along with a smaller mix of domestically-produced equipment; since 2010, Germany and the US have been the leading suppliers of armaments to Portugal; Portugal's defense industry is primarily focused on shipbuilding (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-30 years of age for voluntary or contract military service; no compulsory military service (abolished 2004), but conscription possible if insufficient volunteers available; women serve in the armed forces, but are prohibited from serving in some combatant specialties; contract service lasts for an initial period from two to six years, and can be extended to a maximum of 20 years of service; voluntary military service lasts 12 months; reserve obligation to age 35 (2021)", + "text": "18-30 years of age for voluntary or contract military service; no compulsory military service (abolished 2004), but conscription possible if insufficient volunteers available; women serve in the armed forces, but are prohibited from serving in some combatant specialties; contract service lasts for an initial period from two to six years, and can be extended to a maximum of 20 years of service; initial voluntary military service lasts 12 months; reserve obligation to age 35 (2022)", "note": "note: as of 2019, women made up about 12% of the military's full-time personnel" }, "Military deployments": { diff --git a/europe/ri.json b/europe/ri.json index 68e31b0f..4abd816b 100644 --- a/europe/ri.json +++ b/europe/ri.json @@ -1256,20 +1256,20 @@ } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "information varies; approximately 25,000 active duty troops (15,000 Land Forces; 5,000 Air/Air Defense; 5,000 other); approximately 3,000 Gendarmerie (2022)" + "text": "approximately 25,000 active duty troops (15,000 Land Forces; 5,000 Air/Air Defense; 5,000 other); approximately 3,000 Gendarmerie (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the inventory of the Serbian Armed Forces consists of Russian and Soviet-era weapons systems; since 2010, Russia has been the largest suppliers of arms to Serbia; China has also provided a growing amount of arms (2022)" + "text": "the military's inventory consists of Russian and Soviet-era weapons systems; since 2010, Russia has been the largest suppliers of arms to Serbia; China has also provided a growing amount of arms (2022)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; conscription abolished January 2011 (2021)", - "note": "note: as of 2019, women made up about 6% of the military's full-time personnel" + "note": "note: as of 2019, women made up about 6% of the military's full-time personnel 2011" }, "Military deployments": { "text": "175 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (May 2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "Serbia does not aspire to join NATO, but has cooperated with the Alliance since 2006 when it joined the Partnership for Peace program; Serbia maintains security ties with Russia (2022)" + "text": "the Serbian Armed Forces were established in June 2006; the Serbian military traces its origins to the First (1804-1813) and Second (1815-1817) Uprisings against the Ottoman Empire

Serbia does not aspire to join NATO, but has cooperated with the Alliance since 2006 when it joined the Partnership for Peace program; Serbia maintains security ties with Russia (2022)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { @@ -1278,7 +1278,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "17,336 (Croatia), 7,997 (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (mid-year 2021); 19,722 (Ukraine) (includes Ukrainian refugees in Kosovo; as of 27 September 2022)" + "text": "17,336 (Croatia), 7,997 (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (mid-year 2021); 20,225 (Ukraine) (includes Ukrainian refugees in Kosovo; as of 4 October 2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "196,995 (most are Kosovar Serbs, some are Roma, Ashkalis, and Egyptian (RAE); some RAE IDPs are unregistered) (2021)" @@ -1286,7 +1286,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "2,113 (includes stateless persons in Kosovo) (mid-year 2021)" }, - "note": "note: 891,083 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2022); Serbia is predominantly a transit country and hosts an estimated 6,313 migrants and asylum seekers as of June 2022" + "note": "note: 895,278 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2022); Serbia is predominantly a transit country and hosts an estimated 6,313 migrants and asylum seekers as of June 2022" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "

drug trafficking groups are major players in the procurement and transportation of large quantities of cocaine destined for European markets

" diff --git a/europe/ro.json b/europe/ro.json index acc746b1..f9153b81 100644 --- a/europe/ro.json +++ b/europe/ro.json @@ -1260,7 +1260,7 @@ "text": "the inventory of the Romanian Armed Forces is comprised mostly of Soviet-era and older domestically-produced weapons systems; there is also a smaller mix of Western-origin equipment received in more recent years from European countries and the US  (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "conscription ended in 2006; 18 years of age for male and female voluntary service; all military inductees contract for an initial 5-year term of service, with subsequent successive 3-year terms until age 36 (2021)" + "text": "18 years of age for voluntary service for men and women; all military inductees contract for an initial 5-year term of service, with subsequent successive 3-year terms until age 36; conscription ended in 2006 (2021)" }, "Military deployments": { "text": "up to 120 Poland (NATO) (2022)" @@ -1286,7 +1286,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "314 (mid-year 2021)" }, - "note": "note: 11,318 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2022)" + "note": "note: 11,467 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2022)" }, "Trafficking in persons": { "current situation": { diff --git a/europe/si.json b/europe/si.json index c7bd03b1..5791f364 100644 --- a/europe/si.json +++ b/europe/si.json @@ -1241,7 +1241,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "7,768 (Ukraine) (as of 26 September 2022)" + "text": "8,801 (Ukraine) (as of 4 October 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "10 (2020)" diff --git a/europe/sm.json b/europe/sm.json index 5e2be9bb..3da0154c 100644 --- a/europe/sm.json +++ b/europe/sm.json @@ -882,7 +882,7 @@ "note": "note: the captains regent oversee the Gendarmerie and National Guard when they are performing duties related to public order and security; the Ministry of Foreign Affairs exercises control over such administrative functions as personnel and equipment, and the courts exercise control over the Gendarmerie when it acts as judicial police" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription; government has the authority to call up all San Marino citizens from 16-60 years of age to serve in the military (2021)" + "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription; government has the authority to call up all San Marino citizens from 16-60 years of age to serve in the military (2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "defense is the responsibility of Italy" diff --git a/europe/sp.json b/europe/sp.json index 0e92440e..0bdd2f5d 100644 --- a/europe/sp.json +++ b/europe/sp.json @@ -1303,12 +1303,12 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "14,823 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 418,200 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum, are recognized as refugees, or have received alternative legal stay) (2021); 144,668 (Ukraine) (as of 25 September 2022)" + "text": "14,823 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 418,200 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum, are recognized as refugees, or have received alternative legal stay) (2021); 145,838 (Ukraine) (as of 2 October 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "692 (mid-year 2021)" }, - "note": "note: 270,669 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals, including Canary Islands (January 2015-September 2022)" + "note": "note: 271,063 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals, including Canary Islands (January 2015-October 2022)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "primary transit point in Europe for cocaine from South America and for hashish from Morocco; cocaine is shipped in raw or liquid form with mixed cargo to avoid detection; traffickers ship methamphetamine via express mail; increasing number of indoor cannabis production; illegal labs cutting, mixing, and reconstituting cocaine, and heroin and methamphetamine labs; synthetic drugs, including ketamine and MDMA (ecstasy) transit from Spain to the United States" diff --git a/europe/sw.json b/europe/sw.json index 9b61cf53..ad978677 100644 --- a/europe/sw.json +++ b/europe/sw.json @@ -1242,7 +1242,7 @@ "text": "the inventory of the SAF is comprised of domestically-produced and imported Western weapons systems; since 2010, the US is the leading supplier of military hardware to Sweden; Sweden's defense industry produces a range of air, land, and naval systems (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-47 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; service obligation: 7.5 months (Army), 7-15 months (Navy), 8-12 months (Air Force); after completing initial service, soldiers have a reserve commitment until age 47; compulsory military service, abolished in 2010, was reinstated in January 2018; conscription is selective, includes both men and women (age 18), and requires 9-12 months of service (2021)", + "text": "18-47 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; service obligation: 7.5 months (Army), 7-15 months (Navy), 8-12 months (Air Force); after completing initial service, soldiers have a reserve commitment until age 47; compulsory military service, abolished in 2010, was reinstated in January 2018; conscription is selective, includes both men and women (age 18), and requires 9-12 months of service (2022)", "note": "note 1: Sweden conscripts about 5,500 men and women each year

note 2: as of 2021, women made up about 11% of the military's full-time personnel" }, "Military deployments": { @@ -1264,7 +1264,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "114,995 (Syria), 28,744 (Afghanistan), 26,911 (Eritrea), 11,574 (Somalia), 11,153 (Iraq), 7,516 (Iran) (2020); 45,895 (Ukraine) (as of 23 September 2022)" + "text": "114,995 (Syria), 28,744 (Afghanistan), 26,911 (Eritrea), 11,574 (Somalia), 11,153 (Iraq), 7,516 (Iran) (2020); 46,236 (Ukraine) (as of 30 September 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "50,098 (mid-year 2021); note - the majority of stateless people are from the Middle East and Somalia" diff --git a/europe/sz.json b/europe/sz.json index 75ec7949..6bb1c81f 100644 --- a/europe/sz.json +++ b/europe/sz.json @@ -1276,7 +1276,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "38,219 (Eritrea), 20,043 (Syria), 14,649 (Afghanistan), 6,069 (Sri Lanka), 6,197 (Turkey) (mid-year 2021); 65,098 (Ukraine) (as of 26 September 2022)" + "text": "38,219 (Eritrea), 20,043 (Syria), 14,649 (Afghanistan), 6,069 (Sri Lanka), 6,197 (Turkey) (mid-year 2021); 65,618 (Ukraine) (as of 4 October 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "684 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/up.json b/europe/up.json index ef1e0f8b..6cda8173 100644 --- a/europe/up.json +++ b/europe/up.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

Ukraine was the center of the first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in Europe. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was absorbed by the Russian Empire. Following the collapse of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine achieved a short-lived period of independence (1917-20), but was reconquered and endured a brutal Soviet rule that engineered two forced famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died. In World War II, German and Soviet armies were responsible for 7 to 8 million more deaths. Although Ukraine achieved independence in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR, democracy and prosperity remained elusive as the legacy of state control and endemic corruption stalled efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties.

A peaceful mass protest referred to as the \"Orange Revolution\" in the closing months of 2004 forced the authorities to overturn a rigged presidential election and to allow a new internationally monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. Subsequent internal squabbles in the YUSHCHENKO camp allowed his rival Viktor YANUKOVYCH to stage a comeback in parliamentary (Rada) elections, become prime minister in August 2006, and be elected president in February 2010. In October 2012, Ukraine held Rada elections, widely criticized by Western observers as flawed due to use of government resources to favor ruling party candidates, interference with media access, and harassment of opposition candidates. President YANUKOVYCH's backtracking on a trade and cooperation agreement with the EU in November 2013 - in favor of closer economic ties with Russia - and subsequent use of force against students, civil society activists, and other civilians in favor of the agreement led to a three-month protest occupation of Kyiv's central square. The government's use of violence to break up the protest camp in February 2014 led to all out pitched battles, scores of deaths, international condemnation, a failed political deal, and the president's abrupt departure for Russia. New elections in the spring allowed pro-West president Petro POROSHENKO to assume office in June 2014; he was succeeded by Volodymyr ZELENSKY in May 2019.

Shortly after YANUKOVYCH's departure in late February 2014, Russian President PUTIN ordered the invasion of Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula falsely claiming the action was to protect ethnic Russians living there. Two weeks later, a \"referendum\" was held regarding the integration of Crimea into the Russian Federation. The \"referendum\" was condemned as illegitimate by the Ukrainian Government, the EU, the US, and the UN General Assembly (UNGA). In response to Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea, 100 members of the UN passed UNGA resolution 68/262, rejecting the \"referendum\" as baseless and invalid and confirming the sovereignty, political independence, unity, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. In mid-2014, Russia began supplying proxies in two of Ukraine's eastern provinces with manpower, funding, and materiel driving an armed conflict with the Ukrainian Government that continues to this day. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, and the unrecognized Russian proxy republics signed the Minsk Protocol and Memorandum in September 2014 to end the conflict. However, this agreement failed to stop the fighting or find a political solution. In a renewed attempt to alleviate ongoing clashes, leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, and Germany negotiated a follow-on Package of Measures in February 2015 to implement the Minsk agreements. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, the unrecognized Russian proxy republics, and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe also meet regularly to facilitate implementation of the peace deal. By early 2022, more than 14,000 civilians were killed or wounded as a result of the Russian intervention in eastern Ukraine.

On 24 February 2022, Russia escalated its conflict with Ukraine by invading the country on several fronts in what has become the largest conventional military attack on a sovereign state in Europe since World War II. The invasion has received near universal international condemnation, and many countries have imposed sanctions on Russia and also supplied humanitarian and military aid to Ukraine. The invasion has also created Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. As of 27 September, approximately 13.38 million people had fled Ukraine, and 6.98 million people were internally displaced as of 23 August.  Over 14,800 civilian casualties had been reported, as of 25 September. The invasion of Ukraine remains one of the two largest displacement crises worldwide (the other is the conflict in Syria).

 

" + "text": "

Ukraine was the center of the first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in Europe. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was absorbed by the Russian Empire. Following the collapse of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine achieved a short-lived period of independence (1917-20), but was reconquered and endured a brutal Soviet rule that engineered two forced famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died. In World War II, German and Soviet armies were responsible for 7 to 8 million more deaths. Although Ukraine achieved independence in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR, democracy and prosperity remained elusive as the legacy of state control and endemic corruption stalled efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties.

A peaceful mass protest referred to as the \"Orange Revolution\" in the closing months of 2004 forced the authorities to overturn a rigged presidential election and to allow a new internationally monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. Subsequent internal squabbles in the YUSHCHENKO camp allowed his rival Viktor YANUKOVYCH to stage a comeback in parliamentary (Rada) elections, become prime minister in August 2006, and be elected president in February 2010. In October 2012, Ukraine held Rada elections, widely criticized by Western observers as flawed due to use of government resources to favor ruling party candidates, interference with media access, and harassment of opposition candidates. President YANUKOVYCH's backtracking on a trade and cooperation agreement with the EU in November 2013 - in favor of closer economic ties with Russia - and subsequent use of force against students, civil society activists, and other civilians in favor of the agreement led to a three-month protest occupation of Kyiv's central square. The government's use of violence to break up the protest camp in February 2014 led to all out pitched battles, scores of deaths, international condemnation, a failed political deal, and the president's abrupt departure for Russia. New elections in the spring allowed pro-West president Petro POROSHENKO to assume office in June 2014; he was succeeded by Volodymyr ZELENSKY in May 2019.

Shortly after YANUKOVYCH's departure in late February 2014, Russian President PUTIN ordered the invasion of Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula falsely claiming the action was to protect ethnic Russians living there. Two weeks later, a \"referendum\" was held regarding the integration of Crimea into the Russian Federation. The \"referendum\" was condemned as illegitimate by the Ukrainian Government, the EU, the US, and the UN General Assembly (UNGA). In response to Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea, 100 members of the UN passed UNGA resolution 68/262, rejecting the \"referendum\" as baseless and invalid and confirming the sovereignty, political independence, unity, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. In mid-2014, Russia began supplying proxies in two of Ukraine's eastern provinces with manpower, funding, and materiel driving an armed conflict with the Ukrainian Government that continues to this day. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, and the unrecognized Russian proxy republics signed the Minsk Protocol and Memorandum in September 2014 to end the conflict. However, this agreement failed to stop the fighting or find a political solution. In a renewed attempt to alleviate ongoing clashes, leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, and Germany negotiated a follow-on Package of Measures in February 2015 to implement the Minsk agreements. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, the unrecognized Russian proxy republics, and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe also meet regularly to facilitate implementation of the peace deal. By early 2022, more than 14,000 civilians were killed or wounded as a result of the Russian intervention in eastern Ukraine.

On 24 February 2022, Russia escalated its conflict with Ukraine by invading the country on several fronts in what has become the largest conventional military attack on a sovereign state in Europe since World War II. The invasion has received near universal international condemnation, and many countries have imposed sanctions on Russia and also supplied humanitarian and military aid to Ukraine. The invasion has also created Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. As of 4 October, approximately 13.74 million people had fled Ukraine, and 6.24 million people were internally displaced as of 26 September.  Nearly 15,600 civilian casualties had been reported, as of 9 October. The invasion of Ukraine remains one of the two largest displacement crises worldwide (the other is the conflict in Syria).

 

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -1255,7 +1255,7 @@ "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { "text": "Armed Forces of Ukraine (AFU; Zbroyni Syly Ukrayiny or ZSU): Ground Forces (Sukhoputni Viys’ka), Naval Forces (Viys’kovo-Mors’ki Syly, VMS), Air Forces (Povitryani Syly, PS), Air Assault Forces (Desantno-shturmovi Viyska, DShV), Ukrainian Special Operations Forces (UASOF), Territorial Defense Forces (Reserves); Ministry of Internal Affairs: National Guard of Ukraine, State Border Guard Service of Ukraine (includes Maritime Border Guard) (2022)", - "note": "note 1: in the event that martial law is declared, all National Guard units, with certain exceptions such as those tasked with providing for diplomatic security of embassies and consulates, would come under the command of the Ministry of Defense as auxiliary forces to the Armed Forces

note 2: Territorial Defense Forces have military, civilian, and civilian-military components; its forces are organized into brigades for each of the 24 oblasts, plus the capitol city of Kyiv" + "note": "note 1: in the event that martial law is declared, all National Guard units, with certain exceptions such as those tasked with providing for diplomatic security of embassies and consulates, would come under the command of the Ministry of Defense as auxiliary forces to the Armed Forces

note 2: the Territorial Defense Forces (TDF) were formally established in July 2021; the TDF evolved from former Territorial Defense Battalions and other volunteer militia and paramilitary units that were organized in 2014-2015 to fight Russian-backed separatists in the Donbas; in January 2022, the TDF was activated as a separate military branch; it is organized into 25 brigades of varying size representing each of the 24 oblasts, plus the city of Kyiv; the International Legion of Territorial Defense, comprised of foreigners who have volunteered for Ukrainian military service since February 2022, is under the TDF" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2021": { @@ -1279,11 +1279,11 @@ "note": "note 1: following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, President ZELENSKY announced a general mobilization of the country; prior to the invasion, approximately 200,000 active Armed Forces troops (125,000 Army; 25,000 Airborne/Air Assault Forces; 2,000 Special Operations Forces; 10,000 Navy; 40,000 Air Force); approximately 50,000 National Guard; approximately 40,000 State Border Guard" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Ukrainian military is equipped mostly with Russian-origin and Soviet-era weapons systems; since the Russian invasion in February 2022, it has received considerable quantities of weapons, including more modern Western systems, from European countries and the US; Ukraine has a broad defense industry capable of building Soviet-era land systems and maintaining and upgrading Soviet-era combat aircraft, as well as missile and air defense systems (2022)" + "text": "the Ukrainian military is equipped mostly with Russian-origin and Soviet-era weapons systems; since the Russian invasion in February 2022, it has received considerable quantities of weapons, including more modern Western systems, from European countries and the US; Ukraine has a broad defense industry capable of building, maintaining, and upgrading a variety of Soviet-era weapons systems, including armored vehicles, combat aircraft, missiles, and air defense systems (2022)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "conscription abolished in 2012, but reintroduced in 2014; 20-27 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation is 12-18 months, depending on the service (2022)", - "note": "note 1: following the Russian invasion of February 2022, all nonexempt men ages 18 to 60 were required to register with their local recruitment offices and undergo medical screening for possible service; hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians have volunteered  for the regular armed forces, the Territorial Defense Forces, or to work in civilian defense activities 

note 2: women have been able to volunteer for military service since 1993; as of September 2022, approximately 50,000 were serving" + "note": "note 1: following the Russian invasion of February 2022, all nonexempt men ages 18 to 60 were required to register with their local recruitment offices and undergo medical screening for possible service; the Territorial Defense Forces (TDF) accepts volunteers, 18-60 years of age; since the invasion, hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians have volunteered for the regular armed forces, the TDF, or to work in civilian defense activities 

note 2: women have been able to volunteer for military service since 1993; as of September 2022, approximately 50,000 were serving" }, "Military deployments": { "text": "note: prior to the Russian invasion in 2022, Ukraine contributed about 500 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Poland and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units; units affiliated with the multinational brigade remain within the structures of the armed forces of their respective countries until the brigade is activated for participation in an international operation" @@ -1298,7 +1298,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "IDPs": { - "text": "

1,461,700 (Russian-sponsored separatist violence in Crimea and eastern Ukraine) (2021); 6.98 million (Russian invasion), according to the UN (as of 23 August 2022); note – the more recent invasion total may reflect some double counting, since it is impossible to determine how many of the recent IDPs may also include IDPs from the earlier Russian-sponsored violence in Crimea and eastern Ukraine

" + "text": "

1,461,700 (Russian-sponsored separatist violence in Crimea and eastern Ukraine) (2021); 6.24 million (Russian invasion), according to the UN (as of 26 September 2022); note – the more recent invasion total may reflect some double counting, since it is impossible to determine how many of the recent IDPs may also include IDPs from the earlier Russian-sponsored violence in Crimea and eastern Ukraine

" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "35,875 (mid-year 2021); note - citizens of the former USSR who were permanently resident in Ukraine were granted citizenship upon Ukraine's independence in 1991, but some missed this window of opportunity; people arriving after 1991, Crimean Tatars, ethnic Koreans, people with expired Soviet passports, and people with no documents have difficulty acquiring Ukrainian citizenship; following the fall of the Soviet Union in 1989, thousands of Crimean Tatars and their descendants deported from Ukraine under the STALIN regime returned to their homeland, some being stateless and others holding the citizenship of Uzbekistan or other former Soviet republics; a 1998 bilateral agreement between Ukraine and Uzbekistan simplified the process of renouncing Uzbek citizenship and obtaining Ukrainian citizenship" diff --git a/middle-east/am.json b/middle-east/am.json index 4f456146..0b4e3a68 100644 --- a/middle-east/am.json +++ b/middle-east/am.json @@ -1209,7 +1209,7 @@ "text": "the inventory of the Armenian Armed Forces includes mostly Russian and Soviet-era equipment (2022)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-27 for voluntary/contract (men and women) or compulsory (men) military service; contract military service is 3-12 months or 3 or 5 years; conscripts serve 24 months; men under the age of 36, who have not previously served as contract servicemen and are registered in the reserve, as well as women, regardless of whether they are registered in the reserve can be enrolled in contractual military service; all citizens aged 27 to 50 are registered in the military reserve and may be called to serve if mobilization is declared  (2022)", + "text": "18-27 for voluntary/contract (men and women) or compulsory (men) military service; contract military service is 3-12 months or 3 or 5 years; conscripts serve 24 months; men under the age of 36, who have not previously served as contract servicemen and are registered in the reserve, as well as women, regardless of whether they are registered in the reserve can be enrolled in contractual military service; all citizens aged 27 to 50 are registered in the military reserve and may be called to serve if mobilization is declared (2022)", "note": "note: as of 2021, conscripts comprised about half of the military's active personnel; as of 2018, women made up about 13% of the active duty military" }, "Military - note": { diff --git a/middle-east/ir.json b/middle-east/ir.json index c4156df3..c6906b92 100644 --- a/middle-east/ir.json +++ b/middle-east/ir.json @@ -1249,7 +1249,7 @@ }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for men for compulsory military service; 16 years of age for volunteers; 17 years of age for Law Enforcement Forces; 15 years of age for Basij Forces (Popular Mobilization Army); conscript military service obligation is 18-24 months, depending on the location of service (soldiers serving in places of high security risk and deprived areas serve shorter terms); women exempt from military service (2021)", - "note": "note: as of 2019, approximately 80% of Artesh ground forces personnel were conscripts, while Navy and Air/Air Defense Force personnel were primarily volunteers; conscripts reportedly comprised more than 50% of the IRGC " + "note": "note: as of 2019, approximately 80% of Artesh ground forces personnel were conscripts, while Navy and Air/Air Defense Force personnel were primarily volunteers; conscripts reportedly comprised more than 50% of the IRGC" }, "Military deployments": { "text": "estimated to have up to 3,000 military personnel in Syria (2022)", diff --git a/middle-east/sa.json b/middle-east/sa.json index 7372625b..ccbb2b6e 100644 --- a/middle-east/sa.json +++ b/middle-east/sa.json @@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ "text": "King SALMAN bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud (since 23 January 2015); Crown Prince MUHAMMAD BIN SALMAN bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud (born 31 August 1985)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Crown Prince MUHAMMAD BIN SALMAN bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud (since 27 September 2022) (born 31 August 1985)" + "text": "King and Prime Minister SALMAN bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud (since 23 January 2015); Crown Prince MUHAMMAD BIN SALMAN bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud (born 31 August 1985)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch every 4 years and includes many royal family members" @@ -1246,7 +1246,8 @@ "note": "note: as of 2022, the Saudi Navy was in the midst of a multi-year and multi-billion dollar expansion and modernization program to purchase new frigates, corvettes, and other naval craft; in 2022, it received two of an expected five corvettes as part of a joint construction effort with Spain; in 2018, it signed a contract to acquire four US-built multi-purpose littoral mission ships, which will be comparable to frigates in capabilities" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "17-40 for voluntary military service for men; no conscription; as of 2021, women (aged 18-40) were allowed to serve in the Army, Air Defense, Navy, Strategic Missile Force, medical services, and internal security forces up to the rank of non-commissioned officer (2021)" + "text": "men (17-40) and women (21-40) may volunteer for military service; no conscription (2022)", + "note": "note: in 2021, women were allowed to serve in the Army, Air Defense, Navy, Strategic Missile Force, medical services, and internal security forces up to the rank of non-commissioned officer " }, "Military deployments": { "text": "estimated 2,500-5,000 Yemen (varies depending on operations) (2022)" diff --git a/middle-east/tu.json b/middle-east/tu.json index 1f6a3f28..e00926fe 100644 --- a/middle-east/tu.json +++ b/middle-east/tu.json @@ -1304,7 +1304,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "3,655,489 (Syria) (2022); 145,000 (Ukraine) (as of 19 May 2022)" + "text": "3,636,698 (Syria) (2022); 145,000 (Ukraine) (as of 19 May 2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "1.099 million (displaced from 1984-2005 because of fighting between the Kurdish PKK and Turkish military; most IDPs are Kurds from eastern and southeastern provinces; no information available on persons displaced by development projects) (2021)" diff --git a/middle-east/ym.json b/middle-east/ym.json index 95d5a641..bae09ca8 100644 --- a/middle-east/ym.json +++ b/middle-east/ym.json @@ -1227,7 +1227,7 @@ "text": "information limited and widely varied; Yemen Government: up to 300,000 estimated military, paramilitary, militia, and other security forces; UAE- and Saudi-backed forces: estimated 150-200,000 trained militia and paramilitary fighters; Huthis: up to 200,000 estimated fighters (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the inventory of the Yemeni Government forces consists primarily of Russian and Soviet-era equipment, although much of it has been lost in the current conflict; since the start of the civil war in 2014, it has received limited amounts of donated equipment from some Gulf States, including Saudi Arabia and UAE

Huthi forces are armed largely with weapons seized from Yemeni Government forces; they are also reported to have received military hardware from Iran  (2021)" + "text": "the inventory of the Yemeni Government forces consists primarily of Russian and Soviet-era equipment, although much of it has been lost in the current conflict; since the start of the civil war in 2014, it has received limited amounts of donated equipment from some Gulf States, including Saudi Arabia and UAE

Huthi forces are armed largely with weapons seized from Yemeni Government forces; they are also reported to have received military hardware from Iran (2022)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2001; 2-year service obligation (note - limited information since the start of the civil war in 2014) (2021)" diff --git a/north-america/mx.json b/north-america/mx.json index ad54cace..7da9f4d3 100644 --- a/north-america/mx.json +++ b/north-america/mx.json @@ -1346,7 +1346,7 @@ "note": "note: as of 2022, women comprised about 15% of the active duty military" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the constitution was amended in 2019 to grant the president the authority to use the armed forces to protect internal and national security, and courts have upheld the legality of the armed forces’ role in law enforcement activities in support of civilian authorities through 2024; as of 2022, Mexican military operations were heavily focused on internal security duties, particularly in countering drug cartels and organized crime groups, as well as border control and immigration enforcement; the armed forces also administered most of the country's land and sea ports and customs services, and it built and ran approximately 2,700 branches of a state-owned development bank; in addition, President LOPEZ OBRADOR has placed the military in charge of a growing number of infrastructure projects, such as building a new airport for Mexico City and sections of a train line in the country’s southeast (2022)" + "text": "the constitution was amended in 2019 to grant the president the authority to use the armed forces to protect internal and national security, and courts have upheld the legality of the armed forces’ role in law enforcement activities in support of civilian authorities through at least 2024; as of 2022, Mexican military operations were heavily focused on internal security duties, particularly in countering drug cartels and organized crime groups, as well as border control and immigration enforcement; the armed forces also administered most of the country's land and sea ports and customs services, and it built and ran approximately 2,700 branches of a state-owned development bank; in addition, President LOPEZ OBRADOR has placed the military in charge of a growing number of infrastructure projects, such as building a new airport for Mexico City and sections of a train line in the country’s southeast (2022)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/oceans/oo.json b/oceans/oo.json index 673a0d42..a2c19765 100644 --- a/oceans/oo.json +++ b/oceans/oo.json @@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ "text": "the Southern Ocean is subject to all international agreements regarding the world's oceans; in addition, it is subject to these agreements specific to the Antarctic region: International Whaling Commission (prohibits commercial whaling south of 40 degrees south [south of 60 degrees south between 50 degrees and 130 degrees west]); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (limits sealing); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (regulates fishing)

note: mineral exploitation except for scientific research is banned by the Environmental Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty; additionally, many nations (including the US) prohibit mineral resource exploration and exploitation south of the fluctuating Polar Front (Antarctic Convergence), which is in the middle of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and serves as the dividing line between the cold polar surface waters to the south and the warmer waters to the north

" }, "Marine fisheries": { - "text": "the Southern Ocean fishery is relatively small with a total catch of 380,771 mt in 2019; the Food and Agriculture Organization has delineated three regions in the Southern Ocean (Regions 48, 58, 88) that generally encompass the waters south of 40° to 60° South latitude; the most important producers in these regions include Norway (230,258 mt), China (50,381 mt), and South Korea (43,336 mt); Antarctic Krill made up 96% of the total catch in 2019, while other important species include Patagonian and Antarctic toothfish

Regional fisheries bodies: Commission on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources" + "text": "the Southern Ocean fishery is relatively small with a total catch of 388,901 mt in 2021; the Food and Agriculture Organization has delineated three regions in the Southern Ocean (Regions 48, 58, 88) that generally encompass the waters south of 40° to 60° South latitude; the most important producers in these regions include Norway (241,408 mt), China (47,605 mt), and South Korea (39,487 mt); Antarctic Krill made up 95.5% of the total catch in 2021, while other important species include Patagonian and Antarctic toothfish

Regional fisheries bodies: Commission on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources" }, "Climate": { "text": "sea temperatures vary from about 10 degrees Celsius to -2 degrees Celsius; cyclonic storms travel eastward around the continent and frequently are intense because of the temperature contrast between ice and open ocean; the ocean area from about latitude 40 south to the Antarctic Circle has the strongest average winds found anywhere on Earth; in winter the ocean freezes outward to 65 degrees south latitude in the Pacific sector and 55 degrees south latitude in the Atlantic sector, lowering surface temperatures well below 0 degrees Celsius; at some coastal points intense persistent drainage winds from the interior keep the shoreline ice-free throughout the winter" diff --git a/oceans/zn.json b/oceans/zn.json index ac15f88c..3d5078a7 100644 --- a/oceans/zn.json +++ b/oceans/zn.json @@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ "text": "pollution (such as sewage, runoff from land and toxic waste); habitat destruction; over-fishing; climate change leading to sea level rise, ocean acidification, and warming; endangered marine species include the dugong, sea lion, sea otter, seals, turtles, and whales; oil pollution in Philippine Sea and South China Sea" }, "Marine fisheries": { - "text": "

the Pacific Ocean fisheries are the most important in the world accounting for 57.8%, or 46,144,490 mt, of the global marine capture in 2019; of the six regions delineated by the Food and Agriculture Organization in the Pacific Ocean, the following are the most important:

Northwest Pacific region (Region 61) is the world’s most important fishery producing 24% of the global catch or 19,151,516 mt in 2019; it encompasses the waters north of 20º north latitude and west of 175º west longitude with the major producers including China (29,080726 mt), Japan (3,417,871 mt), South Korea (1,403,892 mt), and Taiwan (487,739 mt); the principal catches include Alaska Pollock, Japanese anchovy, chub mackerel, and scads

Western Central Pacific region (Region 71) is the world’s second most important fishing region producing 17.3%, or 13,798,443 mt, of the global catch in 2019; tuna is the most important species in this region; the region includes the waters between 20º North and 25º South latitude and west of 175º West longitude with the major producers including Indonesia (6,907,932 mt), Vietnam (4,571,497 mt), Philippines (2,416,879 mt), Thailand (1,509,574 mt), and Malaysia (692,553 mt); the principal catches include Skipjack and Yellowfin tuna, sardinellas, and cephalopods

Southeast Pacific region (Region 87) is the third major Pacific fishery and third largest in the world producing 9.7%, or 7,755,134 mt, of the global catch in 2019; this region includes the nutrient rich upwelling waters off the west coast of South America between 5º North and 60º South latitude and east of 120º West longitude with the major producers including Peru (4,888,730 mt), Chile (3,298,795 mt), and Ecuador (1,186,249 mt); the principal catches include Peruvian anchovy (68.5% of the catch), Jumbo flying squid, and Chilean jack mackerel

Pacific Northeast region (Region 67) is the fourth largest Pacific Ocean fishery and seventh largest in the world producing 4% of the global catch or 3,160,372 mt in 2019; this region encompasses the waters north of 40º North latitude and east of 175º West longitude including the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea with the major producers including the US (3,009,568 mt), Canada (276,677 mt), and Russia (6,908 mt); the principal catches include Alaska pollock, Pacific cod, and North Pacific hake

Regional fisheries bodies: Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna, Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, International  Council for the Exploration of the Seas, North Pacific Fisheries Commission, South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organization, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission" + "text": "

the Pacific Ocean fisheries are the most important in the world accounting for 57.8%, or 46,144,490 mt, of the global marine capture in 2019; of the six regions delineated by the Food and Agriculture Organization in the Pacific Ocean, the following are the most important:

Northwest Pacific region (Region 61) is the world’s most important fishery producing 24% of the global catch or 19,151,516 mt in 2019; it encompasses the waters north of 20º north latitude and west of 175º west longitude with the major producers including China (29,080726 mt), Japan (3,417,871 mt), South Korea (1,403,892 mt), and Taiwan (487,739 mt); the principal catches include Alaska Pollock, Japanese anchovy, chub mackerel, and scads

Western Central Pacific region (Region 71) is the world’s second most important fishing region producing 17.3%, or 13,798,443 mt, of the global catch in 2019; tuna is the most important species in this region; the region includes the waters between 20º North and 25º South latitude and west of 175º West longitude with the major producers including Indonesia (6,907,932 mt), Vietnam (4,571,497 mt), Philippines (2,416,879 mt), Thailand (1,509,574 mt), and Malaysia (692,553 mt); the principal catches include Skipjack and Yellowfin tuna, sardinellas, and cephalopods

Southeast Pacific region (Region 87) is the third major Pacific fishery and third largest in the world producing 9.7%, or 7,755,134 mt, of the global catch in 2019; this region includes the nutrient rich upwelling waters off the west coast of South America between 5º North and 60º South latitude and east of 120º West longitude with the major producers including Peru (4,888,730 mt), Chile (3,298,795 mt), and Ecuador (1,186,249 mt); the principal catches include Peruvian anchovy (68.5% of the catch), Jumbo flying squid, and Chilean jack mackerel

Pacific Northeast region (Region 67) is the fourth largest Pacific Ocean fishery and seventh largest in the world producing 4% of the global catch or 3,160,372 mt in 2019; this region encompasses the waters north of 40º North latitude and east of 175º West longitude including the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea with the major producers including the US (3,009,568 mt), Canada (276,677 mt), and Russia (6,908 mt); the principal catches include Alaska pollock, Pacific cod, and North Pacific hake

Regional fisheries bodies: Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna, Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, International  Council for the Exploration of the Seas, North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission, North Pacific Fisheries Commission, South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organization, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission" }, "Climate": { "text": "planetary air pressure systems and resultant wind patterns exhibit remarkable uniformity in the south and east; trade winds and westerly winds are well-developed patterns, modified by seasonal fluctuations; tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south of Mexico from June to October and affect Mexico and Central America; continental influences cause climatic uniformity to be much less pronounced in the eastern and western regions at the same latitude in the North Pacific Ocean; the western Pacific is monsoonal - a rainy season occurs during the summer months, when moisture-laden winds blow from the ocean over the land, and a dry season during the winter months, when dry winds blow from the Asian landmass back to the ocean; tropical cyclones (typhoons) may strike southeast and east Asia from May to December" diff --git a/south-asia/af.json b/south-asia/af.json index 107f98c7..13ecfaff 100644 --- a/south-asia/af.json +++ b/south-asia/af.json @@ -672,7 +672,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d’Affaires: Ian MCCARY (since August 2021); note – since 15 August 2021, the United States has not yet made a decision whether to recognize the Taliban or any other entity as the Government of Afghanistan

 

 

 

 

" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d’Affaires: Ian McCARY (since August 2021); note – since 15 August 2021, the United States has not yet made a decision whether to recognize the Taliban or any other entity as the Government of Afghanistan" }, "embassy": { "text": "Embassy Kabul, operations have been suspended; Department of State’s Afghanistan Affairs Unit operates from Doha, Qatar.

 

 

 

 

" @@ -680,7 +680,7 @@ }, "Flag description": { "text": "three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), red, and green, with the national emblem in white centered on the red band and slightly overlapping the other 2 bands; the center of the emblem features a mosque with pulpit and flags on either side, below the mosque are Eastern Arabic numerals for the solar year 1298 (1919 in the Gregorian calendar, the year of Afghan independence from the UK); this central image is circled by a border consisting of sheaves of wheat on the left and right, in the upper-center is an Arabic inscription of the Shahada (Muslim creed) below which are rays of the rising sun over the Takbir (Arabic expression meaning \"God is great\"), and at bottom center is a scroll bearing the name Afghanistan; black signifies the past, red is for the blood shed for independence, and green can represent either hope for the future, agricultural prosperity, or Islam", - "note": "note 1: the United States has not recognized the Taliban or any other entity as the government of Afghanistan and, accordingly, continues to display the flag of Afghanistan as set forth in the country's constitution

note 2: Afghanistan had more changes to its national flag in the 20th century - 19 by one count - than any other country; the colors black, red, and green appeared on most of them




" + "note": "note 1: the United States has not recognized the Taliban or any other entity as the government of Afghanistan and, accordingly, continues to display the flag of Afghanistan as set forth in the country's constitution of 2004

note 2: Afghanistan had more changes to its national flag in the 20th century - 19 by one count - than any other country; the colors black, red, and green appeared on most of them




" }, "National symbol(s)": { "text": "lion; national colors: red, green, black" @@ -692,7 +692,7 @@ "lyrics/music": { "text": "Abdul Bari JAHANI/Babrak WASA" }, - "note": "note: adopted 2006; the 2004 constitution of the post-Taliban government mandated that a new national anthem should be written containing the phrase \"Allahu Akbar\" (God is Greatest) and mentioning the names of Afghanistan's ethnic groups" + "note": "note: adopted 2006" }, "National heritage": { "total World Heritage Sites": { @@ -700,7 +700,8 @@ }, "selected World Heritage Site locales": { "text": "Minaret of Jam; Buddhas of Bamyan" - } + }, + "note": "note: the monumental 6th- and 7th-century statues were destroyed by the Taliban in 2001" } }, "Economy": { @@ -1102,7 +1103,7 @@ "text": "before 15 August 2021, Afghanistan had successfully rebuilt infrastructure to create a functional telecom sector that covered nearly all of the population; due to mountainous geography, Afghanistan relies on its mobile network; mobile broadband penetration growing, but is still low compared to other countries in Asia; operator launched LTE in Kabul; World Bank and other donors support development of a nationwide fiber backbone; terrestrial cable connectivity to five neighboring countries; work on the ‘Wakhan Corridor Fiber Optic Survey Project’ to connect to China is nearing completion; major importer of broadcasting equipment from UAE (2021)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "before 15 August 2021, less than 1 per 100 for fixed-line teledensity; 59 per 100 for mobile-cellular; an increasing number of Afghans utilize mobile-cellular phone networks (2021)" + "text": "before 15 August 2021, less than 1 per 100 for fixed-line teledensity; 58 per 100 for mobile-cellular; an increasing number of Afghans utilize mobile-cellular phone networks (2021)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 93; multiple VSAT's provide international and domestic voice and data connectivity (2019)" diff --git a/south-asia/in.json b/south-asia/in.json index 4c736252..87db5439 100644 --- a/south-asia/in.json +++ b/south-asia/in.json @@ -1332,7 +1332,7 @@ "text": "information varies; approximately 1.45 million active personnel (estimated 1.25 million Army; 65,000 Navy; 140,000 Air Force; 12,000 Coast Guard) (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the military's inventory consists mostly of Russian- and Soviet-origin equipment along with a smaller mix of Western and domestically-produced arms; since 2010, Russia has been the leading supplier of arms to India; other key suppliers included France, Israel, and the US; India's defense industry is capable of producing a range of air, land, missile, and naval weapons systems for both domestic use and export (2022)" + "text": "the military's inventory consists mostly of Russian- and Soviet-origin equipment along with a smaller mix of Western and domestically-produced arms; since 2010, Russia has been the leading supplier of arms to India; other key suppliers included France, Israel, and the US; India's defense industry is capable of producing a range of air, land, missile, and naval weapons systems for both domestic use and export; it also produces weapons systems under license (2022)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "16-18 years of age for voluntary military service (Army 17.5, Air Force 17, Navy 16.5); no conscription (2022)",