diff --git a/africa/ao.json b/africa/ao.json index d41aa88f..3f57220b 100644 --- a/africa/ao.json +++ b/africa/ao.json @@ -1296,7 +1296,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "23,141 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 9,272 (Guinea), 6,357 (Cote d'Ivoire), 5,725 (Mauritania) (2022)" + "text": "23,155 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 9,272 (Guinea), 6,357 (Cote d'Ivoire), 5,725 (Mauritania) (2022)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { diff --git a/africa/by.json b/africa/by.json index 94098d8a..763424be 100644 --- a/africa/by.json +++ b/africa/by.json @@ -1241,7 +1241,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "87,176 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022)" + "text": "87,485 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "84,791 (some ethnic Tutsis remain displaced from intercommunal violence that broke out after the 1993 coup and fighting between government forces and rebel groups; violence since April 2015) (2022)" diff --git a/africa/cf.json b/africa/cf.json index f7506f4a..8395454b 100644 --- a/africa/cf.json +++ b/africa/cf.json @@ -1319,7 +1319,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "29,644 (Central African Republic), 22,174 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022)" + "text": "29,644 (Central African Republic), 28,554 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "159,830 (multiple civil wars since 1992) (2022)" diff --git a/africa/cg.json b/africa/cg.json index fbe09908..413f92b7 100644 --- a/africa/cg.json +++ b/africa/cg.json @@ -1346,7 +1346,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "211,180 (Central African Republic), 208,789 (Rwanda), 57,127 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 43,623 (Burundi) (2022)" + "text": "211,180 (Central African Republic), 208,789 (Rwanda), 55,829 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 43,623 (Burundi) (2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "5.52 million (fighting between government forces and rebels since mid-1990s; conflict in Kasai region since 2016) (2022)" diff --git a/africa/ct.json b/africa/ct.json index 98280342..65c60899 100644 --- a/africa/ct.json +++ b/africa/ct.json @@ -1244,7 +1244,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "6,365 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (2022)" + "text": "6,619 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "518,116 (clashes between army and rebel groups since 2005; tensions between ethnic groups) (2022)" diff --git a/africa/et.json b/africa/et.json index 508a5b69..c0c66a03 100644 --- a/africa/et.json +++ b/africa/et.json @@ -1322,7 +1322,7 @@ "text": "information varies; prior to the 2020-2022 Tigray conflict, approximately 150,000 active-duty troops, including about 3,000 Air Force personnel (no personnel numbers available for the re-established Navy) (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the ENDF's inventory is comprised mostly of Russian and Soviet-era equipment; in recent years, the ENDF has received arms from a variety of countries, including China, Israel, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine, and the United Arab Emirates; Ethiopia has a modest industrial defense base centered on small arms and production of armored vehicles (2022)" + "text": "the ENDF's inventory is comprised mostly of Russian and Soviet-era equipment; in recent years, the ENDF has received arms from a variety of countries, including China, Israel, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine, and the United Arab Emirates; Ethiopia has a modest industrial defense base centered on small arms and production of armored vehicles (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-22 years of age for voluntary military service (although the military may, when necessary, recruit a person more than 22 years old); no compulsory military service, but the military can conduct callups when necessary and compliance is compulsory (2022)", diff --git a/africa/gh.json b/africa/gh.json index ea184f00..bedd2fd9 100644 --- a/africa/gh.json +++ b/africa/gh.json @@ -923,7 +923,7 @@ } }, "Exports - partners": { - "text": "Switzerland 23%, India 17%, China 12%, United Arab Emirates 8%, South Africa 8% (2019)" + "text": "Switzerland 23%, United Arab Emirates 12%, China 12%, India 9%, Netherlands 5% (2020)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "gold, crude petroleum, cocoa products, manganese, cashews (2019)" @@ -940,10 +940,10 @@ } }, "Imports - partners": { - "text": "China 24%, Nigeria 22%, United States 5% (2019)" + "text": "China 42%, Netherlands 5%, United States 5%, India 5%, United Arab Emirates 3% (2020)" }, "Imports - commodities": { - "text": "metal tubing, ships, cars, refined petroleum, rice (2019)" + "text": "refined petroleum, cars, rice, delivery trucks, iron (2020)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { @@ -1284,13 +1284,13 @@ "text": "approximately 14,000 active personnel (10,000 Army; 2,000 Navy; 2,000 Air Force) (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the military's inventory is a mix of Russian, Chinese, and Western equipment; in recent years, China and Czechia have been among the leading arms suppliers (2022)" + "text": "the military's inventory is a mix of Russian, Chinese, and Western equipment; in recent years, China and Czechia have been among the leading arms suppliers (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-26 years of age for voluntary military service, with basic education certificate; no conscription (2022)" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "140 Mali (MINUSMA); 875 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 725 (plus about 275 police) South Sudan (UNMISS); 650 Sudan (UNISFA) (May 2022)", + "text": "140 Mali (MINUSMA); 875 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 725 (plus about 275 police) South Sudan (UNMISS); 650 Sudan (UNISFA) (2022)", "note": "note: since sending a contingent of troops to the Congo in 1960, the military has been a regular contributor to African- and UN-sponsored peacekeeping missions" }, "Military - note": { diff --git a/africa/ke.json b/africa/ke.json index 511629d4..84c55b03 100644 --- a/africa/ke.json +++ b/africa/ke.json @@ -725,7 +725,7 @@ }, "Economy": { "Economic overview": { - "text": "one of the fastest growing Sub-Saharan economies; hard-hit by COVID-19 disruptions and locust infestation, somewhat offset by agricultural growth; environmentally fragile economy; persistent poverty; better financial confidence; significant remittances" + "text": "fast growing, third largest Sub-Saharan economy; strong agriculture and emerging services and tourism industries; current account deficit and high debt; broadband and mobile-money platform investments; surging inflation due to oil and food hikes; new investor-friendly incentives; environmentally fragile economy" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { @@ -820,10 +820,10 @@ } }, "Agricultural products": { - "text": "sugar cane, milk, maize, potatoes, bananas, camel milk, cassava, sweet potatoes, mangoes/guavas, cabbages" + "text": "milk, tea, beef, maize, sugar cane, tomatoes, mangoes/guavas, potatoes, beans, bananas" }, "Industries": { - "text": "small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, clothing, soap, cigarettes, flour), agricultural products, horticulture, oil refining; aluminum, steel, lead; cement, commercial ship repair, tourism, information technology" + "text": "agriculture, transportation, services, manufacturing, construction, telecommunications, tourism, retail" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { "text": "7.17% (2021 est.)" @@ -928,10 +928,10 @@ } }, "Exports - partners": { - "text": "Uganda 10%, United States 9%, Netherlands 8%, Pakistan 7%, United Kingdom 6%, United Arab Emirates 6%, Tanzania 5% (2019)" + "text": "Uganda 14%, Pakistan 8%, Netherlands 8%, United States 8%, United Kingdom 7% (2020)" }, "Exports - commodities": { - "text": "tea, cut flowers, refined petroleum, coffee, titanium (2019)" + "text": "tea, cut flowers, refined petroleum, gold, coffee (2020)" }, "Imports": { "Imports 2021": { @@ -945,10 +945,10 @@ } }, "Imports - partners": { - "text": "China 24%, United Arab Emirates 10%, India 10%, Saudi Arabia 7%, Japan 5% (2019)" + "text": "China 27%, India 11%, United Arab Emirates 7%, Japan 4%, Saudi Arabia 3% (2020)" }, "Imports - commodities": { - "text": "refined petroleum, cars, packaged medicines, wheat, iron products (2019)" + "text": "refined petroleum, palm oil, broadcasting equipment, packaged medicines, cars (2020)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { @@ -1330,7 +1330,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "279,925 (Somalia), 153,289 (South Sudan), 53,439 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 21,457 (Ethiopia), 8,087 (Burundi), 5,289 (Sudan) (2022)" + "text": "279,925 (Somalia), 153,289 (South Sudan), 53,980 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 21,457 (Ethiopia), 8,087 (Burundi), 5,289 (Sudan) (2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "190,000 (election-related violence, intercommunal violence, resource conflicts, al-Shabaab attacks in 2017 and 2018) (2021)" diff --git a/africa/mz.json b/africa/mz.json index 90228ce7..5ecee42e 100644 --- a/africa/mz.json +++ b/africa/mz.json @@ -1323,7 +1323,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "11,479 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 8,968 (Burundi) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022)" + "text": "11,952 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 8,968 (Burundi) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "1.03 million (north Mozambique, violence between the government and an opposition group, violence associated with extremists groups in 2018, political violence 2019) (2022)" diff --git a/africa/ni.json b/africa/ni.json index b43619c5..8a13257e 100644 --- a/africa/ni.json +++ b/africa/ni.json @@ -1315,7 +1315,7 @@ "text": "information varies; approximately 135,000 active duty armed forces personnel (100,000 Army; 20,000 Navy/Coast Guard; 15,000 Air Force); approximately 80,000 Security and Civil Defense Corps (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the military's inventory consists of a wide variety of imported weapons systems of Chinese, European, Middle Eastern, Russian (including Soviet-era), and US origin; the military is undergoing a considerable modernization program, and in recent years has received equipment from some 20 countries with China, Russia, and the US as the leading suppliers; Nigeria is also developing a defense-industry capacity, including small arms, armored personnel vehicles, and small-scale naval production (2022)" + "text": "the military's inventory consists of a wide variety of imported weapons systems of Chinese, European, Middle Eastern, Russian (including Soviet-era), and US origin; the military is undergoing a considerable modernization program, and in recent years has received equipment from some 20 countries with China, Russia, and the US as the leading suppliers; Nigeria is also developing a defense-industry capacity, including small arms, armored personnel vehicles, and small-scale naval production (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-26 years of age for men and women for voluntary military service; no conscription (2022)" @@ -1325,7 +1325,7 @@ "note": "note: Nigeria has committed an Army combat brigade (approximately 3,000 troops) to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), a regional counter-terrorism force comprised of troops from Benin, Cameroon, Chad, and Niger; MNJTF conducts operations against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although cross‐border operations are conducted periodically" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "as of 2022, the Nigerian military was sub-Saharan Africa’s largest and regarded as one of its most capable forces; it was focused largely on internal security and faced a number of challenges that have stretched its resources, however; the Army was deployed in all 36 of the country's states; in the northeast, it was conducting counterinsurgency/counter-terrorist operations against the Boko Haram (BH) and Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in West Africa (ISIS-WA) terrorist groups, where it has deployed as many as 70,000 troops at times and jihadist-related violence has killed an estimated 35-40,000 people, mostly civilians, since 2009 (as of 2022); in the northwest, it faced growing threats from criminal gangs, bandits, and violence associated with historical and ongoing farmer-herder conflicts, as well as BH and ISIS-WA terrorists; bandits in the northwest were estimated to number in the low 10,000s and violence there has killed more than 10,000 since the mid-2010s; the military also continued to protect the oil industry in the Niger Delta region against militants and criminal activity, although the levels of violence there have decreased in recent years; beginning in May 2021, a contingent of military troops and police were deployed to eastern Nigeria to quell renewed agitation for a state of Biafra (Biafra seceded from Nigeria in the late 1960s, sparking a civil war that caused more than 1 million deaths)

as of 2022, the Navy was focused on security in the Gulf of Guinea; since 2016, it has developed a maritime strategy, boosted naval training and its naval presence in the Gulf, increased participation in regional maritime security efforts, and acquired a significant number of new naval platforms, including offshore and coastal patrol craft, fast attack boats, and air assets

the Nigerian military traces its origins to the Nigeria Regiment of the West African Frontier Force (WAFF), a multi-regiment force formed by the British colonial office in 1900 to garrison the West African colonies of Nigeria (Lagos and the protectorates of Northern and Southern Nigeria), Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, and Gambia; the WAFF served with distinction in both East and West Africa during World War I; in 1928, it received royal recognition and was re-named the Royal West African Frontier Force (RWAFF); the RWAFF went on to serve in World War II as part of the British 81st and 82nd (West African) divisions in the East Africa and Burma campaigns; in 1956, the Nigeria Regiment of the RWAFF was renamed the Nigerian Military Forces (NMF) and in 1958, the colonial government of Nigeria took over control of the NMF from the British War Office; the Nigerian Armed Forces were established following independence in 1960" + "text": "the Nigerian military is sub-Saharan Africa’s largest and regarded as one of its most capable forces; the Army and Air Force are focused largely on internal security and face a number of challenges that have stretched their resources; the Army is deployed in all 36 of the country's states; in the northeast, it is conducting counterinsurgency/counterterrorist operations against the Boko Haram (BH) and Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in West Africa (ISIS-WA) terrorist groups, where it has deployed as many as 70,000 troops at times and jihadist-related violence has killed an estimated 35-40,000 people, mostly civilians, since 2009; in the northwest, it faces growing threats from criminal gangs, bandits, and violence associated with long-standing farmer-herder conflicts, as well as BH and ISIS-WA terrorists; bandits in the northwest are estimated to number in the low 10,000s and violence there has killed more than 10,000 people since the mid-2010s; the military also continues to protect the oil industry in the Niger Delta region against militants and criminal activity, although the levels of violence there have decreased in recent years; since 2021, additional troops and security forces have been deployed to eastern Nigeria to quell renewed agitation for a state of Biafra (Biafra seceded from Nigeria in the late 1960s, sparking a civil war that caused more than 1 million deaths)

meanwhile, the Navy is focused on security in the Gulf of Guinea; since 2016, it has developed a maritime strategy, boosted naval training and its naval presence in the Gulf, increased participation in regional maritime security efforts, and acquired a considerable number of new naval platforms, including offshore and coastal patrol craft, fast attack boats, and air assets; its principal surface ships currently include a frigate and 4 corvettes or offshore patrol ships

the Nigerian military traces its origins to the Nigeria Regiment of the West African Frontier Force (WAFF), a multi-regiment force formed by the British colonial office in 1900 to garrison the West African colonies of Nigeria (Lagos and the protectorates of Northern and Southern Nigeria), Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, and Gambia; the WAFF served with distinction in both East and West Africa during World War I; in 1928, it received royal recognition and was re-named the Royal West African Frontier Force (RWAFF); the RWAFF went on to serve in World War II as part of the British 81st and 82nd (West African) divisions in the East Africa and Burma campaigns; in 1956, the Nigeria Regiment of the RWAFF was renamed the Nigerian Military Forces (NMF) and in 1958, the colonial government of Nigeria took over control of the NMF from the British War Office; the Nigerian Armed Forces were established following independence in 1960 (2023)" }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "

the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2021, there were 34 reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea region; although a significant decrease from the total number of 81 incidents in 2020, it included the one hijacking and three of five ships fired upon worldwide; while boarding and attempted boarding to steal valuables from ships and crews are the most common types of incidents, almost a third of all incidents involve a hijacking and/or kidnapping; in 2021, 57 crew members were kidnapped in seven separate incidents in the Gulf of Guinea, representing 100% of kidnappings worldwide; Nigerian pirates in particular are well armed and very aggressive, operating as far as 200 nm offshore; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2022-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 4 January 2022, which states in part, \"Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea\"

" @@ -1346,7 +1346,7 @@ "text": "86,731 (Cameroon) (2022)" }, "IDPs": { - "text": "3,030,544 (northeast Nigeria; Boko Haram attacks and counterinsurgency efforts in northern Nigeria; communal violence between Christians and Muslims in the middle belt region, political violence; flooding; forced evictions; cattle rustling; competition for resources) (2022)" + "text": "3.12 million (northeast Nigeria; Boko Haram attacks and counterinsurgency efforts in northern Nigeria; communal violence between Christians and Muslims in the middle belt region, political violence; flooding; forced evictions; cattle rustling; competition for resources) (2023)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { diff --git a/africa/od.json b/africa/od.json index d52be9b2..5100b4c4 100644 --- a/africa/od.json +++ b/africa/od.json @@ -1076,7 +1076,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "South Sudan People’s Defense Force (SSPDF): Ground Force (includes Presidential Guard, aka Tiger Division), Air Force, Air Defense Forces; National (or Necessary) Unified Forces (NUF) (2022)", + "text": "South Sudan People’s Defense Force (SSPDF): Ground Force (includes Presidential Guard), Air Force, Air Defense Forces; National (or Necessary) Unified Forces (NUF) (2022)", "note": "note 1: the NUF are being formed by retraining rebel and pro-government militia fighters into military, police, and other government security forces; in August 2022, South Sudan held the first graduation ceremony for retrained personnel

note 2: numerous irregular forces operate in the country with official knowledge, including militias operated by the National Security Service (an internal security force under the Ministry of National Security) and proxy forces" }, "Military expenditures": { @@ -1117,7 +1117,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "289,840 (Sudan), 15,105 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2022)" + "text": "289,840 (Sudan), 10,849 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "2.23 million (alleged coup attempt and ethnic conflict beginning in December 2013; information is lacking on those displaced in earlier years by: fighting in Abyei between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) in May 2011; clashes between the SPLA and dissident militia groups in South Sudan; inter-ethnic conflicts over resources and cattle; attacks from the Lord's Resistance Army; floods and drought) (2022)" diff --git a/africa/rw.json b/africa/rw.json index a6f85edf..8f8ab063 100644 --- a/africa/rw.json +++ b/africa/rw.json @@ -1249,7 +1249,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "72,192 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2022); 48,515 (Burundi) (2023)" + "text": "72,120 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2022); 48,515 (Burundi) (2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "9,500 (2022)" diff --git a/africa/sf.json b/africa/sf.json index b6d492fd..aed84985 100644 --- a/africa/sf.json +++ b/africa/sf.json @@ -1315,7 +1315,7 @@ "text": "1,150 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); up to 1,500 Mozambique (part of a Southern African Development Community force to help quell an insurgency) (2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the SANDF was created in 1994 to replace the South African Defense Force (SADF); the SANDF was opened to all South Africans who met military requirements, while the SADF was a mostly white force (only whites were subject to conscription) with non-whites only allowed to join in a voluntary capacity; the SANDF also absorbed members of the guerrilla and militia forces of the various anti-apartheid opposition groups, including the African National Congress, the Pan Africanist Congress, and the Inkatha Freedom Party, as well as the security forces of the formerly independent Bantustan homelands; the SANDF is one of Africa’s most capable militaries; over the past decade, however, its operational readiness and modernization programs have been hampered by funding shortfalls; it participates regularly in African and UN peacekeeping missions and has the ability to independently deploy throughout Africa (2022)" + "text": "the SANDF was created in 1994 to replace the South African Defense Force (SADF); the SANDF was opened to all South Africans who met military requirements, while the SADF was a mostly white force (only whites were subject to conscription) with non-whites only allowed to join in a voluntary capacity; the SANDF also absorbed members of the guerrilla and militia forces of the various anti-apartheid opposition groups, including the African National Congress, the Pan Africanist Congress, and the Inkatha Freedom Party, as well as the security forces of the formerly independent Bantustan homelands; the SANDF is one of Africa’s most capable militaries; over the past decade, however, its operational readiness and modernization programs have been hampered by funding shortfalls; it participates regularly in African and UN peacekeeping missions and has the ability to independently deploy throughout Africa (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/africa/sg.json b/africa/sg.json index 076937a4..e0fef1f9 100644 --- a/africa/sg.json +++ b/africa/sg.json @@ -1288,7 +1288,7 @@ "text": "approximately 19,000 active personnel (12,000 Army; 1,000 Navy/Coast Guard; 1,000 Air Force; 5,000 National Gendarmerie) (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the FAS inventory includes mostly older or secondhand equipment from a variety of countries, including France, South Africa, and Russia/former Soviet Union; in recent years, the FAS has undertaken a modernization program and has received small amounts of newer equipment from more than 10 countries, with France as the leading supplier (2022)" + "text": "the FAS inventory includes mostly older or secondhand equipment from a variety of countries, including France, South Africa, and Russia/former Soviet Union; in recent years, the FAS has undertaken a modernization program and has received small amounts of newer equipment from more than 10 countries, with France as the leading supplier (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; 20 years of age for selective conscript service; 2-year service obligation; women have been accepted into military service since 2008 (2022)" @@ -1297,7 +1297,7 @@ "text": "750 Gambia (ECOMIG); 970 Mali (MINUSMA); note - Senegal also has about 1,100 police deployed on various UN peacekeeping missions (2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "Senegalese security forces continue to be engaged in a low-level counterinsurgency campaign in the southern Casamance region against various factions of the separatist Movement of Democratic Forces of the Casamance (MDFC); while violent incidents have decreased since a tacit cease-fire was reached in 2012, the insurgency, which began in 1982, continued as of mid-2022 and remained one of longest running low-level conflicts in the world, claiming more than 5,000 lives and leaving another 60,000 displaced (2022)", + "text": "Senegalese security forces are engaged in a low-level counterinsurgency campaign in the southern Casamance region against various factions of the separatist Movement of Democratic Forces of the Casamance (MDFC); while violent incidents have decreased since a tacit cease-fire was reached in 2012, the insurgency, which began in 1982, continued as of late 2022 and remained one of longest running low-level conflicts in the world, claiming more than 5,000 lives and leaving another 60,000 displaced (2022)", "note": "note: in August 2022, a representative of the Senegalese Government and a leader of the MFDC signed an agreement in which the MFDC pledged to lay down its arms and work towards a permanent peace" } }, diff --git a/africa/su.json b/africa/su.json index b3dfae46..dd15c095 100644 --- a/africa/su.json +++ b/africa/su.json @@ -1281,7 +1281,7 @@ "text": "approximately 750 Democratic Republic of the Congo (East African Community stabilization force)

Sudan joined the Saudi-led coalition that intervened in Yemen in 2015, reportedly providing as many as 40,000 troops during the peak of the war in 2016-17, mostly from the Rapid Support Forces; by 2021, Sudan had reduced the size of the force to about a brigade (approximately 2-3,000 troops) (2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "

the Sudanese military has been a dominant force in the ruling of the country since its independence in 1956; in addition, the Sudanese military and security forces have a large role in the country's economy, reportedly controlling over 200 commercial companies, including businesses involved in gold mining, rubber production, agriculture, and meat exports

the United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has operated in the disputed Abyei region along the border between Sudan and South Sudan since 2011; UNISFA's mission includes ensuring security, protecting civilians, strengthening the capacity of the Abyei Police Service, de-mining, monitoring/verifying the redeployment of armed forces from the area, and facilitating the flow of humanitarian aid; UNISFA had about 2,000 personnel deployed as of mid-2022

in addition, the United Nations African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) operated in the war-torn Darfur region between 2007 and the end of its mandate in July 2021; UNAMID was a joint African Union-UN peacekeeping force with the mission of bringing stability to Darfur, including protecting civilians, facilitating humanitarian assistance, and promoting mediation efforts, while peace talks on a final settlement continued; UNAMID withdrew the last of its personnel in December 2021; note - the October 2020 peace agreement provided for the establishment of a Joint Security Keeping Forces (JSKF) comprised of 12,000 personnel tasked with securing the Darfur region in the place of UNAMID; in June 2021, Sudan's transitional government announced it would increase the size of this force to 20,000 and expand its mission scope to include the capital and other parts of the country suffering from violence; the force would include the SAF, RSF, police, intelligence, and representatives from armed groups involved in peace negotiations; in Sep 2022, the first 2,000 members of the JSKF completed training (2022)" + "text": "

the Sudanese military has been a dominant force in the ruling of the country since its independence in 1956; in addition, the Sudanese military and security forces have a large role in the country's economy, reportedly controlling over 200 commercial companies, including businesses involved in gold mining, rubber production, agriculture, and meat exports

the UN Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has operated in the disputed Abyei region along the border between Sudan and South Sudan since 2011; UNISFA's mission includes ensuring security, protecting civilians, strengthening the capacity of the Abyei Police Service, de-mining, monitoring/verifying the redeployment of armed forces from the area, and facilitating the flow of humanitarian aid; UNISFA had about 2,000 personnel deployed as of mid-2022

in addition, the UN African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) operated in the war-torn Darfur region between 2007 and the end of its mandate in July 2021; UNAMID was a joint African Union-UN peacekeeping force with the mission of bringing stability to Darfur, including protecting civilians, facilitating humanitarian assistance, and promoting mediation efforts, while peace talks on a final settlement continued; UNAMID withdrew the last of its personnel in December 2021; note - the October 2020 peace agreement provided for the establishment of a Joint Security Keeping Forces (JSKF) comprised of 12,000 personnel tasked with securing the Darfur region in the place of UNAMID; in June 2021, Sudan's transitional government announced it would increase the size of this force to 20,000 and expand its mission scope to include the capital and other parts of the country suffering from violence; the force would include the SAF, RSF, police, intelligence, and representatives from armed groups involved in peace negotiations; in Sep 2022, the first 2,000 members of the JSKF completed training (2022)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/africa/to.json b/africa/to.json index daebd182..dba1112b 100644 --- a/africa/to.json +++ b/africa/to.json @@ -1256,20 +1256,20 @@ "note": "note: the GNT falls under the Ministry of the Armed Forces but also reports to the Ministry of Security and Civil Protection on many matters involving law enforcement and internal security" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2022": { + "text": "2.1% of GDP (2022 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2021": { - "text": "1.8% of GDP (2021 est.)" + "text": "1.9% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { "text": "2% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "2.6% of GDP (2019 est.) (approximately $190 million)" + "text": "2.6% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "1.9% of GDP (2018 est.) (approximately $140 million)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "1.9% of GDP (2017 est.) (approximately $130 million)" + "text": "1.9% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/tz.json b/africa/tz.json index 04df5671..98844005 100644 --- a/africa/tz.json +++ b/africa/tz.json @@ -952,7 +952,7 @@ } }, "Imports - partners": { - "text": "China 34%, India 15%, United Arab Emirates 12% (2019)" + "text": "China 34%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 14%, India 12%, United Arab Emirates 6%, South Africa 3% (2020)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "copper, refined petroleum, packaged medicines, palm oil, wheat (2020)" @@ -1319,7 +1319,7 @@ "text": "450 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 850 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 125 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (May 2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "in 2021-2022, Tanzania contributed troops to the Southern African Development Community (SADC) intervention force that was assisting the Mozambique Government's fight against Islamic militants" + "text": "in 2021, Tanzania contributed troops to the Southern African Development Community (SADC) intervention force that was assisting the Mozambique Government's fight against Islamic militants (2023)" }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "

the International Maritime Bureau reports that shipping in territorial and offshore waters in the Indian Ocean remain at risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships

" @@ -1337,7 +1337,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "126,241 (Burundi), 80,360 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2022)" + "text": "126,241 (Burundi), 80,043 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2022)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { diff --git a/africa/ug.json b/africa/ug.json index 35e1eb3d..0f747f4e 100644 --- a/africa/ug.json +++ b/africa/ug.json @@ -1241,8 +1241,8 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Uganda People's Defense Force (UPDF): Land Forces, Air Forces, Marine Forces, Special Forces Command, Reserve Force (2022)", - "note": "note 1: the Special Forces Command is a separate branch within the UPDF; it evolved from the former Presidential Guard Brigade and has continued to retain presidential protection duties in addition to its conventional missions, such as counterinsurgency

note 2: in 2018, President MUSEVENI created a volunteer force of Local Defense Units under the military to beef up local security in designated parts of the country" + "text": "Uganda People's Defense Force (UPDF): Land Force (includes marines), Air Force, Special Forces Command, Reserve Force; Ministry of Internal Affairs: Uganda Police Force (2023)", + "note": "note 1: the Special Forces Command is a separate branch within the UPDF; it evolved from the former Presidential Guard Brigade and has continued to retain presidential protection duties in addition to its conventional missions, such as counterinsurgency

note 2: the Uganda Police Force includes air, field, territorial, and marine units, as well as a presidential guard force

note 3: in 2018, President MUSEVENI created a volunteer force of Local Defense Units under the military to beef up local security in designated parts of the country" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2021": { @@ -1275,7 +1275,7 @@ "note": "note: in December 2022, Uganda sent approximately 1,000 troops to the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) as part of a newly formed East Africa Community Regional Force (EACRF) to assist the DRC military against the rebel group M23" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the UPDF, which is constitutionally granted seats in parliament, is widely viewed as a key constituency for MUSEVENI; it has been used by MUSEVENI and his political party to break up rallies, raid opposition offices, and surveil rival candidates

as of 2022, the UPDF was conducting operations along the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo (including cross-border operations) against a Congo-based (and formerly based in western Uganda) Ugandan rebel group, the Allied Democratic Front (ADF), which was designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organization by the US in March 2021 as the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (ISIS-DRC; see Appendix T); in addition, elements of the UPDF were deployed in the northeast region of Karamoja against cattle rustlers and criminal gangs

beginning in 2012, the UPDF led regional efforts to pursue the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), a small, violent group of Ugandan origin that conducted widespread attacks against civilians in much of Central Africa; the UPDF withdrew from the mission in 2017 after declaring that the LRA no longer posed a security threat; Uganda intervened in the South Sudan civil war in 2013-2016 and UPDF forces have clashed with South Sudanese forces along the border as recently as 2020

the military traces its history back to the formation of the Uganda Rifles in 1895 under the British colonial government; the Uganda Rifles were merged with the Central Africa Regiment and the East Africa Rifles to form the King’s African Rifles (KAR) in 1902, which participated in both world wars, as well as the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya (1952-1960); in 1962, the Ugandan battalion of the KAR was transformed into the country's first military force, the Uganda Rifles, which was subsequently renamed the Uganda Army; the Uganda People's Defense Force was established in 1995 from the former rebel National Resistance Army following the enactment of the 1995 Constitution of Uganda (2022)" + "text": "the UPDF, which is constitutionally granted seats in parliament, is widely viewed as a key constituency for MUSEVENI; it has been used by MUSEVENI and his political party to break up rallies, raid opposition offices, and surveil rival candidates

as of 2022, the UPDF was conducting operations along the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo (including cross-border operations) against a Congo-based (and formerly based in western Uganda) Ugandan rebel group, the Allied Democratic Front (ADF), which was designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organization by the US in March 2021 as the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (ISIS-DRC; see Appendix T); in addition, elements of the UPDF were deployed in the northeast region of Karamoja against cattle rustlers and criminal gangs

beginning in 2012, the UPDF led regional efforts to pursue the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), a small, violent group of Ugandan origin that conducted widespread attacks against civilians in much of Central Africa; the UPDF withdrew from the mission in 2017 after declaring that the LRA no longer posed a security threat; Uganda intervened in the South Sudan civil war in 2013-2016 and UPDF forces have clashed with South Sudanese forces along the border as recently as 2020

the military traces its history back to the formation of the Uganda Rifles in 1895 under the British colonial government; the Uganda Rifles were merged with the Central Africa Regiment and the East Africa Rifles to form the King’s African Rifles (KAR) in 1902, which participated in both world wars, as well as the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya (1952-1960); in 1962, the Ugandan battalion of the KAR was transformed into the country's first military force, the Uganda Rifles, which was subsequently renamed the Uganda Army; the UPDF was established in 1995 from the former rebel National Resistance Army following the enactment of the 1995 Constitution of Uganda (2022)" } }, "Terrorism": { @@ -1290,7 +1290,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "473,529 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 26,683 (Eritrea), 23,251 (Rwanda), 5,330 (Ethiopia) (2022); 62,169 (Somalia) (2023); 857,322 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 40,501 (Burundi) (2023)" + "text": "479,364 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 26,683 (Eritrea), 23,251 (Rwanda), 5,330 (Ethiopia) (2022); 62,169 (Somalia) (2023); 857,322 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 40,501 (Burundi) (2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "67,000 (2022)" diff --git a/africa/wa.json b/africa/wa.json index b9965b5e..8f32dcac 100644 --- a/africa/wa.json +++ b/africa/wa.json @@ -705,7 +705,7 @@ }, "Economy": { "Economic overview": { - "text": "upper middle-income Sub-Saharan economy; environmentally fragile but natural resource rich; struggling to recover from 2016 recession; pegged exchange rate to South African rand; ongoing post-apartheid land reforms; still high socioeconomic inequality" + "text": "upper middle-income, export-driven Sub-Saharan economy; natural resource rich; Walvis Bay port expansion for trade; high potential for renewable power generation and energy independence; major nature-based tourist locale; natural resource rich; shortage of skilled labor" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { @@ -797,10 +797,10 @@ } }, "Agricultural products": { - "text": "roots/tubers nes, milk, maize, onions, beef, grapes, fruit, pulses nes, vegetables, millet" + "text": "beef, milk, grapes, millet, maize, mutton, pork, chickens, goats, wheat" }, "Industries": { - "text": "meatpacking, fish processing, dairy products, pasta, beverages; mining (diamonds, lead, zinc, tin, silver, tungsten, uranium, copper)" + "text": "mining, tourism, fishing, agriculture" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { "text": "1.44% (2021 est.)" @@ -909,10 +909,10 @@ } }, "Exports - partners": { - "text": "China 27%, South Africa 18%, Botswana 8%, Belgium 7% (2019)" + "text": "China 29%, South Africa 20%, Botswana 8%, Belgium 6%, Zambia 4% (2020)" }, "Exports - commodities": { - "text": "copper, diamonds, uranium, thorium, gold, radioactive chemicals, fish (2019)" + "text": "copper, gold, diamonds, uranium, fish (2020)" }, "Imports": { "Imports 2021": { @@ -926,10 +926,10 @@ } }, "Imports - partners": { - "text": "South Africa 47%, Zambia 16% (2019)" + "text": "South Africa 40%, Zambia 20%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 6%, China 5%, Bulgaria 3% (2020)" }, "Imports - commodities": { - "text": "copper, refined petroleum, delivery trucks, diamonds, cars (2019)" + "text": "copper, refined petroleum, delivery trucks, cobalt, cars (2020)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { @@ -1286,7 +1286,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "6,211 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022)" + "text": "6,285 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022)" } } } diff --git a/africa/za.json b/africa/za.json index e54b4c1d..3521332b 100644 --- a/africa/za.json +++ b/africa/za.json @@ -1115,18 +1115,18 @@ "Communications": { "Telephones - fixed lines": { "total subscriptions": { - "text": "71,844 (2020 est.)" + "text": "65,913 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "(2020 est.) less than 1" + "text": "(2021 est.) less than 1" } }, "Telephones - mobile cellular": { "total subscriptions": { - "text": "17,220,600 (2019)" + "text": "20,247,111 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "96.41 (2019)" + "text": "104 (2021)" } }, "Telecommunication systems": { @@ -1134,7 +1134,7 @@ "text": "following elections held in August 2021, the new government immediately established a Ministry of Technology and Science to promote the use of ICT in developing economic growth and social inclusion; this focus on ICT, and on telecoms in particular, has been central to government strategies for some years; as part of the Smart Zambia initiative, investment has been made in data centers, a computer assembly plant, ICT training centers, and a Smart Education program; these efforts have been combined with the extension of broadband access and improved connectivity to international submarine cables; in turn, this has resulted in a considerable reduction in fixed-line and mobile access pricing for end-users; mobile network operators continue to invest in 3G and LTE-based services, the government contracted to upgrade the state-owned mobile infrastructure for 5G services; delays in holding spectrum have stymied the development of 5G thus far; in mid-2021 the regulator completed a consultation of auctioning low, medium, and high band spectrum for 5G, aiming to provide sufficient spectrum to meet the anticipated increase in data traffic in coming years; fixed-line broadband services remain underdeveloped (2022)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "fiber optic connections are available between most larger towns and cities with microwave radio relays serving more rural areas; 3G and LTE with FttX in limited urban areas and private Ku or Ka band VSAT terminals in remote locations; fixed-line teledensity less than 1 per 100 and mobile-cellular roughly 104 per 100 (2020)" + "text": "fiber optic connections are available between most larger towns and cities with microwave radio relays serving more rural areas; 3G and LTE with FttX in limited urban areas and private Ku or Ka band VSAT terminals in remote locations; fixed-line teledensity less than 1 per 100 and mobile-cellular roughly 104 per 100 (2021)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 260; multiple providers operate overland fiber optic routes via Zimbabwe/South Africa, Botswana/Namibia and Tanzania provide access to the major undersea cables" @@ -1290,7 +1290,8 @@ "text": "the ZDF's inventory is largely comprised of Chinese, Russian, and Soviet-era armaments; in recent years, China has been the leading supplier of arms to Zambia (2022)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-25 years of age (16 with parental consent) for voluntary military service for men and women; no conscription; 12-year enlistment period (7 years active, 5 in the Reserves); all citizens are required to register at 16  (2022)" + "text": "18-25 years of age (17 with parental consent) for voluntary military service for men and women; no conscription; 12-year enlistment period (7 years active, 5 in the Reserves); must be Zambian citizens, holder of a green national registration card, and must have a school Grade 12 certification (2023)", + "note": "note: Zambia had military conscription from 1975-1980" }, "Military deployments": { "text": "930 Central African Republic (MINUSCA) (May 2022)" @@ -1305,7 +1306,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "56,527 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 7,230 (Burundi) (2022)" + "text": "46,777 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 7,230 (Burundi) (2022)" } }, "Trafficking in persons": { diff --git a/africa/zi.json b/africa/zi.json index ddcade1d..c7fab509 100644 --- a/africa/zi.json +++ b/africa/zi.json @@ -1105,18 +1105,18 @@ "Communications": { "Telephones - fixed lines": { "total subscriptions": { - "text": "252,067 (2020 est.)" + "text": "243,421 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "2 (2020 est.)" + "text": "2 (2021 est.)" } }, "Telephones - mobile cellular": { "total subscriptions": { - "text": "13,195,900 (2019)" + "text": "14,257,589 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "90.1 (2019)" + "text": "89 (2021)" } }, "Telecommunication systems": { @@ -1124,7 +1124,7 @@ "text": "Zimbabwe’s telcos continue to be affected by the country’s poor economy; this has been exacerbated by the significant economic difficulties related to the pandemic; revenue has also been under pressure from a number of recent regulatory measures and additional taxes imposed by the cash-strapped government; inflation has become so high that year-on-year revenue comparisons since 2019 have been difficult to assess meaningfully; the three MNOs continue to invest in network upgrades, partly supported by government efforts and cash released from the Universal Service Fund; as a result of these investments, LTE networks have expanded steadily, though services remain concentrated in urban areas; international bandwidth has improved since fiber links to several submarine cables were established via neighboring countries; the expansion of 3G and LTE-based mobile broadband services has meant that most of the population has access to the internet; the government has started a national broadband scheme aimed at delivering a 1Mb/s service nationally by 2030; investment in fixed broadband infrastructure has also resulted in a slow but steady growth in the number of DSL connections, and also fiber subscriptions; during 2021, most growth in the fixed broadband segment has been with fiber connections (2022)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "consists of microwave radio relay links, open-wire lines, radiotelephone communication stations, fixed wireless local loop installations, fiber-optic cable, VSAT terminals, and a substantial mobile-cellular network; Internet connection is most readily available in Harare and major towns; two government owned and two private cellular providers; fixed-line teledensity at nearly 2 per 100 and mobile-cellular nearly 89 per 100 (2020)" + "text": "consists of microwave radio relay links, open-wire lines, radiotelephone communication stations, fixed wireless local loop installations, fiber-optic cable, VSAT terminals, and a substantial mobile-cellular network; Internet connection is most readily available in Harare and major towns; two government owned and two private cellular providers; fixed-line teledensity at nearly 2 per 100 and mobile-cellular nearly 89 per 100 (2021)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 263; fiber-optic connections to neighboring states provide access to international networks via undersea cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat; 5 international digital gateway exchanges" @@ -1241,7 +1241,8 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Zimbabwe Defense Forces (ZDF): Zimbabwe National Army (ZNA), Air Force of Zimbabwe (AFZ) (2022)" + "text": "Zimbabwe Defense Forces (ZDF): Zimbabwe National Army (ZNA), Air Force of Zimbabwe (AFZ); Ministry of Home Affairs: Zimbabwe Republic Police  (2022)", + "note": "note: the Office of the President may direct the Zimbabwe Police to respond to civil unrest" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2019": { @@ -1279,7 +1280,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "11,728 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 9,887 (Mozambique) (2022)" + "text": "12,360 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 9,887 (Mozambique) (2022)" } }, "Trafficking in persons": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json index 6b1e77a8..dd2e9f56 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json @@ -783,10 +783,10 @@ "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, "Exports - partners": { - "text": "Poland 32%, United States 17%, Ecuador 9%, China 6%, Japan 5% (2019)" + "text": "Singapore 16%, US 16%, Poland 13%, Germany 12%, Ecuador 10% (2020)" }, "Exports - commodities": { - "text": "ships, refined petroleum, nitrogen compounds, crustaceans, styrene polymers (2019)" + "text": "refined petroleum, ships, raw aluminum, nitrogen compounds, styrene polymers (2020)" }, "Imports": { "Imports 2021": { @@ -800,10 +800,10 @@ } }, "Imports - partners": { - "text": "United States 31%, South Korea 29%, Japan 14% (2019)" + "text": "US 47%, Germany 11%, South Korea 8%, China 5%, Poland 4% (2020)" }, "Imports - commodities": { - "text": "ships, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, recreational boats, cars (2019)" + "text": "refined petroleum, ships, crude petroleum, cars, aircraft (2020)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json index e31fe987..0960fc07 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json @@ -803,15 +803,15 @@ "text": "76,000 (2020 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "73 (2020 est.)" + "text": "76 (2020 est.)" } }, "Telephones - mobile cellular": { "total subscriptions": { - "text": "59,121 (2018)" + "text": "80,000 (2020 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "204.5 (2019)" + "text": "80 (2020 est.)" } }, "Telecommunication systems": { @@ -819,7 +819,7 @@ "text": "modern system with total digital switching, uses fiber-optic cable and microwave radio relay; good interisland and international connections; broadband access; expansion of FttP (Fiber to the Home) markets; LTE launches; regulatory development and expansion in several markets point to investment and focus on data (2020)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "fixed-line 75 per 100 persons, with mobile-cellular 77 per 100 (2020)" + "text": "fixed-line 76 per 100 persons, with mobile-cellular 80 per 100 (2020)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 1-340; landing points for the BSCS, St Thomas-ST Croix System, Southern Caribbean Fiber, Americas II, GCN, MAC, PAN-AM and SAC submarine cable connections to US, the Caribbean, Central and South America; satellite earth stations - NA (2020)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json index ed14c7a5..1c9ccb9e 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json @@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ } }, "Natural resources": { - "text": "negligible mineral resources, fish; note - with virtually no natural energy resources, Japan is the world's largest importer of coal and liquefied natural gas, as well as the second largest importer of oil" + "text": "negligible mineral resources, fish; note - with virtually no natural energy resources, Japan is almost totally dependent on foreign, imported sources of energy" }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { @@ -590,13 +590,13 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "bicameral Diet or Kokkai consists of:
House of Councillors or Sangi-in (245 seats, currently 242; 146 members directly elected in multi-seat districts by simple majority vote and 96 directly elected in a single national constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 6-year terms with half the membership renewed every 3 years); note - the number of seats increases to 248 at the July 2022 election for renewal of half the membership
House of Representatives or Shugi-in (465 seats; 289 members directly elected in single-seat districts by simple majority vote and 176 directly elected in multi-seat districts by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" + "text": "bicameral Diet or Kokkai consists of:
House of Councillors or Sangi-in (248 seats; 146 members directly elected in multi-seat districts by simple majority vote and 96 directly elected in a single national constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 6-year terms with half the membership renewed every 3 years); note - the number of seats increased to 248 at the July 2022 election for renewal of half the membership
House of Representatives or Shugi-in (465 seats; 289 members directly elected in single-seat districts by simple majority vote and 176 directly elected in multi-seat districts by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "
House of Councillors - last held on 21 July 2019 (next to be held in July 2022)
House of Representatives - last held on 31 October 2021 (next to be held by October 2025)" + "text": "
House of Councillors - last held on 10 July 2022 (next to be held in July 2028)
House of Representatives - last held on 31 October 2021 (next to be held by October 2025)" }, "election results": { - "text": "
House of Councillors - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LDP 55, DP 32, Komeito 14, JCP 6, Osaka Ishin no Kai (Initiatives from Osaka) 7, PLPTYF 1, SDP 1, independent 5; composition - men 186, women 56, percent of women 21.3%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LDP 261, CDP 96, Ishin 41, Komeito 32, DPFP 11, JCP 10, Reiwa 3, SDP 1, independent 10; composition - men 420, women 45, percent of women 9.7%; note - total Diet percent of women 14.7%" + "text": "
House of Councillors - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LDP 119, CDP 39, Komeito 27, JCP 11, Osaka Ishin no Kai (Initiatives from Osaka) 21, DPFP 10, Reiwa Shinsengumi 5, NHK 2, DIY 1, SDP 1, independent 12
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LDP 261, CDP 96, Ishin 41, Komeito 32, DPFP 11, JCP 10, Reiwa 3, SDP 1, independent 10; composition - men 420, women 45, percent of women 9.7%; note - total Diet percent of women 14.7%" }, "note": "note: the Diet in June 2017 redrew Japan's electoral district boundaries and reduced from 475 to 465 seats in the House of Representatives; the amended electoral law, which cuts 6 seats in single-seat districts and 4 in multi-seat districts, was reportedly intended to reduce voting disparities between densely and sparsely populated voting districts" }, @@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan or CDP [Kenta IZUMI]
Democratic Party for the People Japan or DPFP [Yuichiro TAMAKI]
Group of Reformists [Sakihito OZAWA]
Japan Communist Party or JCP [Kazuo SHII]
Japan Innovation Party or Nippon Ishin no kai or Ishin [Ichiro MATSUI]
Komeito [Natsuo YAMAGUCHI]
Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Fumio KISHIDA]
Liberal Party [Ichiro OZAWA] (formerly People's Life Party & Taro Yamamoto and Friends or PLPTYF)
Party of Hope or Kibo no To [Nariaki NAKAYAMA]
Reiwa Shinsengumi [Taro YAMAMOTO]
Social Democratic Party or SDP [Mizuho FUKUSHIMA]" + "text": "Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan or CDP [Kenta IZUMI]
Democratic Party for the People Japan or DPFP [Yuichiro TAMAKI]
Group of Reformists [Sakihito OZAWA]
Japan Communist Party or JCP [Kazuo SHII]
Japan Innovation Party or Nippon Ishin no kai or Ishin [Ichiro MATSUI]
Komeito [Natsuo YAMAGUCHI]
Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Fumio KISHIDA]
Liberal Party [Ichiro OZAWA] (formerly People's Life Party & Taro Yamamoto and Friends or PLPTYF)
Party of Hope or Kibo no To [Nariaki NAKAYAMA]
Reiwa Shinsengumi [Taro YAMAMOTO]
Sanseitō or DIY [Sohei KAMIYA]
Social Democratic Party or SDP [Mizuho FUKUSHIMA]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ADB, AfDB (nonregional member), APEC, Arctic Council (observer), ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE (observer), CERN (observer), CICA (observer), CP, CPLP (associate), EAS, EBRD, EITI (implementing country), FAO, FATF, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE (partner), Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), Quad, SAARC (observer), SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" @@ -689,7 +689,7 @@ }, "Economy": { "Economic overview": { - "text": "third-largest, trade-oriented, and diversified economy; most indebted country; recent infrastructure spending, significant currency devaluations, consumption tax hikes; declining labor force; recent government stimulus largely offset COVID-19 downturn" + "text": "third-largest, trade-oriented, and diversified economy; highly indebted country; slow wage growth and declining labor force; still heavily hydrocarbon-reliant; central bank keeping low interest rates amid modest inflation; increased military spending; stagnant tourism sector" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { @@ -893,10 +893,10 @@ } }, "Exports - partners": { - "text": "United States 19%, China 18%, South Korea 6%, Taiwan 6% (2019)" + "text": "China 21%, United States 18%, South Korea 7%, Taiwan 7%, Hong Kong 4% (2020)" }, "Exports - commodities": { - "text": "cars and vehicle parts, integrated circuits, personal appliances, ships (2019)" + "text": "cars and vehicle parts, integrated circuits, personal appliances, photo equipment, ships (2020)" }, "Imports": { "Imports 2021": { @@ -910,10 +910,10 @@ } }, "Imports - partners": { - "text": "China 23%, United States 11%, Australia 6% (2019)" + "text": "China 26%, United States 11%, Australia 5%, South Korea 4%, Taiwan 4% (2020)" }, "Imports - commodities": { - "text": "crude petroleum, natural gas, coal, integrated circuits, broadcasting equipment (2019)" + "text": "crude oil, natural gas, integrated circuits, broadcasting equipment, computers (2020)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json index 25e33f66..7b8423a8 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json @@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ }, "Economy": { "Economic overview": { - "text": "strong export-driven East Asian economy; sustainable and social policy leader; foreign aid financier; automotive manufacturing; app-based developer and exporter; global healthcare technology leader; credit suffers due to tensions with North Korea" + "text": "strong export-driven East Asian economy; sustainable and social policy leader; foreign aid financier; automotive manufacturing; app-based developer and exporter; global healthcare technology leader; aging workforce; largest semiconductor producer" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { @@ -889,10 +889,10 @@ } }, "Exports - partners": { - "text": "China 25%, United States 14%, Vietnam 9%, Hong Kong 6%, Japan 5% (2019)" + "text": "China 25%, United States 14%, Vietnam 9%, Hong Kong 6%, Japan 5% (2020)" }, "Exports - commodities": { - "text": "integrated circuits, cars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, ships, office machinery (2019)" + "text": "integrated circuits, cars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, ships, office machinery (2020)" }, "Imports": { "Imports 2021": { @@ -906,10 +906,10 @@ } }, "Imports - partners": { - "text": "China 22%, United States 12%, Japan 9% (2019)" + "text": "China 25%, United States 12%, Japan 10%, Germany 4%, Vietnam 4% (2020)" }, "Imports - commodities": { - "text": "crude petroleum, integrated circuits, natural gas, refined petroleum, coal (2019)" + "text": "crude oil, integrated circuits, natural gas, refined petroleum, cars (2020)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json index 45c4363d..05af27d0 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json @@ -1314,7 +1314,7 @@ "text": "280 South Sudan (UNMISS) (May 2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "including the most recent in 2014, the military has attempted more than 20 coups since the fall of absolute monarchy in 1932

since 2004, the military has fought against separatist insurgents in the southern provinces of Pattani, Yala, and Narathiwat, as well as parts of Songkhla; the insurgency is rooted in ethnic Malay nationalist resistance to Thai rule that followed the extension of Siamese sovereignty over the Patani Sultanate in the 18th century; the insurgency consists of several armed groups, the largest of which is the Barisan Revolusi Nasional-Koordinasi (BRN-C): since 2020, the Thai military has been negotiating with BRN, and has parallel talks with an umbrella organization, MARA Pattani, that claims to represent the insurgency groups; since 2004, violence associated with the insurgency has claimed more than 7,300 lives (as of 2023); the Thai Government has had as many as 100,000 military and paramilitary forces deployed in the south to combat the insurgency

Thailand has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments (2023)" + "text": "including the most recent in 2014, the military has attempted more than 20 coups since the fall of absolute monarchy in 1932

since 2004, the military has fought against separatist insurgents in the southern provinces of Pattani, Yala, and Narathiwat, as well as parts of Songkhla; the insurgency is rooted in ethnic Malay nationalist resistance to Thai rule that followed the extension of Siamese sovereignty over the Patani Sultanate in the 18th century; the insurgency consists of several armed groups, the largest of which is the Barisan Revolusi Nasional-Koordinasi (BRN-C): since 2020, the Thai military has been negotiating with BRN, and has parallel talks with an umbrella organization, MARA Pattani, that claims to represent the insurgency groups; since 2004, violence associated with the insurgency has claimed more than 7,300 lives (as of 2023); the Thai Government has had as many as 100,000 military and paramilitary forces deployed in the south to combat the insurgency

Thailand has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments; the Thai and US militaries host the annual \"Cobra Gold\" multinational military exercises in Thailand; the exercise is one of the largest multinational exercises in the Pacific region (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/europe/au.json b/europe/au.json index 8de9606e..2b06ba2d 100644 --- a/europe/au.json +++ b/europe/au.json @@ -1276,7 +1276,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "67,588 (Syria), 43,725 (Afghanistan), 10,110 (Iraq), 8,684 (Somalia), 7,294 (Iran), 6,124 (Russia) (mid-year 2022); 92,821 (Ukraine) (as of 6 February 2023)" + "text": "67,588 (Syria), 43,725 (Afghanistan), 10,110 (Iraq), 8,684 (Somalia), 7,294 (Iran), 6,124 (Russia) (mid-year 2022); 93,171 (Ukraine) (as of 13 February 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "3,219 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/be.json b/europe/be.json index c06e1fd6..ce39a2f0 100644 --- a/europe/be.json +++ b/europe/be.json @@ -1269,7 +1269,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "20,086 (Syria), 7,049 (Afghanistan), 5,769 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 67,511 (Ukraine) (as of 6 February 2023)" + "text": "20,086 (Syria), 7,049 (Afghanistan), 5,769 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 67,761 (Ukraine) (as of 13 February 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "1,190 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/bo.json b/europe/bo.json index 644edc2d..dfef6b52 100644 --- a/europe/bo.json +++ b/europe/bo.json @@ -1270,7 +1270,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "19,673 (Ukraine) (as of 24 January 2023)" + "text": "20,235 (Ukraine) (as of 7 February 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "5,626 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/bu.json b/europe/bu.json index 04dafdf6..0340b298 100644 --- a/europe/bu.json +++ b/europe/bu.json @@ -1272,7 +1272,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "22,226 (Syria) (mid-year 2022); 49,897 (Ukraine) (as of 6 February 2023)" + "text": "22,226 (Syria) (mid-year 2022); 50,373 (Ukraine) (as of 13 February 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "1,129 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/en.json b/europe/en.json index b1cf6882..e256fce2 100644 --- a/europe/en.json +++ b/europe/en.json @@ -1261,7 +1261,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "66,074 (Ukraine) (as of 29 January 2023)" + "text": "67,243 (Ukraine) (as of 13 February 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "70,604 (2022); note - following independence in 1991, automatic citizenship was restricted to those who were Estonian citizens prior to the 1940 Soviet occupation and their descendants; thousands of ethnic Russians remained stateless when forced to choose between passing Estonian language and citizenship tests or applying for Russian citizenship; one reason for demurring on Estonian citizenship was to retain the right of visa-free travel to Russia; stateless residents can vote in local elections but not general elections; stateless parents who have been lawful residents of Estonia for at least five years can apply for citizenship for their children before they turn 15 years old" diff --git a/europe/ez.json b/europe/ez.json index ca5f7317..118b54f8 100644 --- a/europe/ez.json +++ b/europe/ez.json @@ -1229,7 +1229,7 @@ "text": "approximately 26,000 active personnel (20,000 Army; 6,000 Air Force) (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Czech military has a mix of Soviet-era and more modern equipment, mostly of Western European origin from such suppliers as Austria, Germany, and Spain; Czechia has a considerable domestic defense industry; during the Cold War, Czechoslovakia was a major producer of tanks, armored personnel carriers, military trucks, and trainer aircraft (2022)", + "text": "the Czech military has a mix of Soviet-era and more modern equipment, mostly of Western European origin from such suppliers as Austria, Germany, and Spain; Czechia has a considerable domestic defense industry; during the Cold War, Czechoslovakia was a major producer of tanks, armored personnel carriers, military trucks, and trainer aircraft (2023)", "note": "note: in 2019, Czechia announced a modernization plan to acquire more Western equipment that was compliant with NATO standards, including aircraft and armored vehicles" }, "Military service age and obligation": { @@ -1250,7 +1250,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "487,393 (Ukraine) (as of 6 February 2023)" + "text": "489,865 (Ukraine) (as of 12 February 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "1,625 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/fo.json b/europe/fo.json index 767cfff9..aaca50a0 100644 --- a/europe/fo.json +++ b/europe/fo.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "The population of the Faroe Islands, a self-governing dependency of Denmark, is largely descended from Viking settlers who arrived in the 9th century. The islands have been connected politically to Denmark since the 14th century. The Home Rule Act of 1948 granted a high degree of self-government to the Faroese, who have autonomy over most internal affairs and external trade, while Denmark is responsible for justice, defense, and some foreign affairs. The Faroe Islands are not part of the European Union." + "text": "The Faroe Islands were already populated by ca. A.D. 500, but whether the settlers were Celtic or early Norse (or someone else) has yet to be determined. The islands served as an important stepping stone for Medieval Viking exploration of the North Atlantic and Viking settlers arrived on the islands in the 9th century. The islands have been connected politically to Denmark since the 14th century and today the Faroe Islands are a self-governing dependency of Denmark. The Home Rule Act of 1948 granted a high degree of self-government to the Faroese, who have autonomy over most internal affairs and external trade, while Denmark is responsible for justice, defense, and some foreign affairs. The Faroe Islands are not part of the European Union." } }, "Geography": { diff --git a/europe/gm.json b/europe/gm.json index 8db5a92c..f7f5d1fb 100644 --- a/europe/gm.json +++ b/europe/gm.json @@ -699,7 +699,7 @@ }, "Economy": { "Economic overview": { - "text": "leading EU services-based export-driven economy; COVID-19 disrupted its modern manufacturing sector; highly skilled and educated labor force; positive current account balances; increasing public debt; low defense spending; second Russian gas pipeline" + "text": "leading EU service-based export-driven economy; highly skilled and educated labor force; fairly fiscally conservative; energy-related economic disruptions due to Russian gas cessations; increased defense spending and rising debts" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { @@ -794,10 +794,10 @@ } }, "Agricultural products": { - "text": "milk, sugar beets, wheat, barley, potatoes, pork, maize, rye, rapeseed, triticale" + "text": "milk, pork, wheat, beef, potatoes, barley, rapeseeds, chicken, eggs, sugar beets" }, "Industries": { - "text": "among the world's largest and most technologically advanced producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics, automobiles, food and beverages, shipbuilding, textiles" + "text": "automotive, mechanical engineering, chemicals, electrical and batteries, manufacturing, metals, finance and banking, telecommunications, healthcare, retail" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { "text": "3.61% (2021 est.)" @@ -903,10 +903,10 @@ } }, "Exports - partners": { - "text": "United States 9%, France 8%, China 7%, Netherlands 6%, United Kingdom 6%, Italy 5%, Poland 5%, Austria 5% (2019)" + "text": "United States 9%, China 8%, France 8%, Netherlands 6%, United Kingdom 6%  (2020)" }, "Exports - commodities": { - "text": "cars and vehicle parts, packaged medicines, aircraft, medical cultures/vaccines, industrial machinery (2019)" + "text": "cars and vehicle parts, packaged medicines, medical cultures/vaccines, aircraft, industrial machinery (2020)" }, "Imports": { "Imports 2021": { @@ -920,10 +920,10 @@ } }, "Imports - partners": { - "text": "Netherlands 9%, China 8%, France 7%, Belgium 6%, Poland 6%, Italy 6%, Czechia 5%, United States 5% (2019)" + "text": "China 10%, Netherlands 10%, Poland 7%, France 6%, Italy 6%  (2020)" }, "Imports - commodities": { - "text": "cars and vehicle parts, packaged medicines, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, medical cultures/vaccines (2019)" + "text": "cars and vehicle parts, packaged medicines, broadcasting equipment, medical cultures/vaccines, computers (2020)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { diff --git a/europe/gr.json b/europe/gr.json index 573b2aa1..c4b1291e 100644 --- a/europe/gr.json +++ b/europe/gr.json @@ -1276,7 +1276,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "4,488 (2022)" }, - "note": "note: 1,235,040 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-February 2023)" + "note": "note: 1,235,129 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-February 2023)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis products and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine transits or is consumed in Greece; money laundering related to drug trafficking and organized crime" diff --git a/europe/hr.json b/europe/hr.json index 66d7693f..585a8b99 100644 --- a/europe/hr.json +++ b/europe/hr.json @@ -1294,7 +1294,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "20,627 (Ukraine) (as of 3 February 2023)" + "text": "20,796 (Ukraine) (as of 10 February 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "2,889 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/hu.json b/europe/hu.json index 8b78e1f9..c8bc90d2 100644 --- a/europe/hu.json +++ b/europe/hu.json @@ -1290,7 +1290,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "33,603 (Ukraine) (as of 7 February 2023)" + "text": "34,248 (Ukraine) (as of 14 February 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "130 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/it.json b/europe/it.json index 3b1db342..26438dda 100644 --- a/europe/it.json +++ b/europe/it.json @@ -1294,7 +1294,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "3,000 (2022)" }, - "note": "note: 701,836 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-February 2023)" + "note": "note: 702,710 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-February 2023)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "important gateway for drug trafficking; organized crime groups allied with Colombian and Spanish groups trafficking cocaine to Europe" diff --git a/europe/lg.json b/europe/lg.json index 2bf2f3b5..ba0461e8 100644 --- a/europe/lg.json +++ b/europe/lg.json @@ -1266,7 +1266,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "35,523 (Ukraine) (as of 31 January 2023)" + "text": "35,322 (Ukraine) (as of 13 February 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "195,354 (2022); note - individuals who were Latvian citizens prior to the 1940 Soviet occupation and their descendants were recognized as Latvian citizens when the country's independence was restored in 1991; citizens of the former Soviet Union residing in Latvia who have neither Latvian nor other citizenship are considered non-citizens (officially there is no statelessness in Latvia) and are entitled to non-citizen passports; children born after Latvian independence to stateless parents are entitled to Latvian citizenship upon their parents' request; non-citizens cannot vote or hold certain government jobs and are exempt from military service but can travel visa-free in the EU under the Schengen accord like Latvian citizens; non-citizens can obtain naturalization if they have been permanent residents of Latvia for at least five years, pass tests in Latvian language and history, and know the words of the Latvian national anthem" diff --git a/europe/lh.json b/europe/lh.json index 13432b93..ac2ba1ad 100644 --- a/europe/lh.json +++ b/europe/lh.json @@ -1279,7 +1279,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "73,606 (Ukraine) (as of 30 January 2023)" + "text": "74,611 (Ukraine) (as of 13 February 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "2,720 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/lo.json b/europe/lo.json index ec94e450..22f56ef3 100644 --- a/europe/lo.json +++ b/europe/lo.json @@ -1236,7 +1236,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "107,199 (Ukraine) (as of 7 February 2023)" + "text": "109,185 (Ukraine) (as of 14 February 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "2,940 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/md.json b/europe/md.json index b83f019f..a99e4307 100644 --- a/europe/md.json +++ b/europe/md.json @@ -1227,7 +1227,7 @@ "text": "approximately 6,500 active troops (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Moldovan military's inventory is limited and almost entirely comprised of older Russian and Soviet-era equipment; in recent years, it has received small amounts of donated material from other nations, including the US (2022)" + "text": "the military's inventory is limited and almost entirely comprised of older Russian and Soviet-era equipment; in recent years, it has received small amounts of donated material from other nations, including the US (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service; male registration required at age 16; 12-month service obligation (2022)", @@ -1243,7 +1243,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "108,885 (Ukraine) (as of 6 February 2023)" + "text": "108,885 (Ukraine) (as of 12 February 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "1,701 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/mj.json b/europe/mj.json index 96f6fd32..2d84e050 100644 --- a/europe/mj.json +++ b/europe/mj.json @@ -1275,7 +1275,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "33,319 (Ukraine) (as of 30 January 2023)" + "text": "33,739 (Ukraine) (as of 13 February 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "468 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/no.json b/europe/no.json index f4ef5dab..258ae0fd 100644 --- a/europe/no.json +++ b/europe/no.json @@ -1250,7 +1250,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "15,901 (Syria), 10,883 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2022); 38,581 (Ukraine) (as of 30 January 2023)" + "text": "15,901 (Syria), 10,883 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2022); 39,931 (Ukraine) (as of 10 February 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "3,901 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/pl.json b/europe/pl.json index 88f99fdf..28806693 100644 --- a/europe/pl.json +++ b/europe/pl.json @@ -913,10 +913,10 @@ } }, "Exports - partners": { - "text": "Germany 27%, Czechia 6%, United Kingdom 6%, France 6%, Italy 5% (2019)" + "text": "Germany 28%, UK 6%, Czechia 6%, France 6%, Netherlands 4% (2020)" }, "Exports - commodities": { - "text": "cars and vehicle parts, seats, furniture, computers, video displays (2019)" + "text": "cars and vehicle parts, seats, furniture, electric batteries, computers (2020)" }, "Imports": { "Imports 2021": { @@ -930,10 +930,10 @@ } }, "Imports - partners": { - "text": "Germany 25%, China 10%, Italy 5%, Netherlands 5% (2019)" + "text": "Germany 25%, China 12%, Italy 5%, Netherlands 5%, Czechia 4% (2020)" }, "Imports - commodities": { - "text": "cars and vehicle parts, crude petroleum, packaged medicines, broadcasting equipment, office machinery/parts (2019)" + "text": "cars and vehicle parts, crude petroleum, packaged medicines, broadcasting equipment, office machinery/parts (2020)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { @@ -1289,7 +1289,7 @@ "note": "note: in June 2019, the Polish Government approved a plan to increase the size of the military over a period of 10 years to over 200,000 troops, including doubling the size of the Territorial Defense Forces; in 2021, it announced additional plans to increase the size of the military to over 300,000 personnel" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the inventory of the Polish Armed Forces consists of a mix of Soviet-era and more modern, mostly Western, weapons systems; in recent years, the leading suppliers of armaments have included Finland, Germany, Italy, South Korea, and the US; Poland has a large domestic defense sector that produces or provides upgrades to a wide variety of weapons systems, particularly ground systems such as tanks and other armored vehicles; it also cooperates with the European and US defense sectors (2022)", + "text": "the military's inventory consists of a mix of Soviet-era and more modern, mostly Western, weapons systems; in recent years, the leading suppliers of armaments have included several European countries, South Korea, and the US; Poland has a large domestic defense sector that produces or provides upgrades to a wide variety of weapons systems, particularly ground systems such as tanks and other armored vehicles; it also cooperates with the European and US defense sectors (2023)", "note": "note: in late 2018, Poland announced a 7-year (through 2026) approximately $50 billion defense modernization plan that would include such items as 5th generation combat aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles, rocket artillery, helicopters, submarines, frigates, and improved cyber security; in 2022, it signed large military weapons contracts with South Korea and the US" }, "Military service age and obligation": { @@ -1316,7 +1316,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "1,563,386 (Ukraine) (as of 7 February 2023)" + "text": "1,563,386 (Ukraine) (as of 14 February 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "1,435 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/po.json b/europe/po.json index c9b66942..62816818 100644 --- a/europe/po.json +++ b/europe/po.json @@ -1270,7 +1270,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "57,109 (Ukraine) (as of 17 January 2023)" + "text": "57,859 (Ukraine) (as of 12 February 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "55 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/ro.json b/europe/ro.json index 783fcd6f..be97b114 100644 --- a/europe/ro.json +++ b/europe/ro.json @@ -1277,7 +1277,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "108,663 (Ukraine) (as of 5 February 2023)" + "text": "109,871 (Ukraine) (as of 12 February 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "297 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/si.json b/europe/si.json index c9c71db5..a774b812 100644 --- a/europe/si.json +++ b/europe/si.json @@ -1241,7 +1241,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "9,081 (Ukraine) (as of 10 January 2023)" + "text": "9,076 (Ukraine) (as of 7 February 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "10 (2020)" diff --git a/europe/sp.json b/europe/sp.json index 22cd2134..c0f5cd5c 100644 --- a/europe/sp.json +++ b/europe/sp.json @@ -1299,12 +1299,12 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "14,994 (Syria) (mid-year 2022); 418,200 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum, are recognized as refugees, or have received alternative legal stay) (2021); 161,012 (Ukraine) (as of 31 January 2023)" + "text": "14,994 (Syria) (mid-year 2022); 418,200 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum, are recognized as refugees, or have received alternative legal stay) (2021); 166,832 (Ukraine) (as of 13 February 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "6,489 (2022)" }, - "note": "note: 280,905 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals, including Canary Islands (January 2015-February 2023)" + "note": "note: 281,609 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals, including Canary Islands (January 2015-February 2023)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "primary transit point in Europe for cocaine from South America and for hashish from Morocco; cocaine is shipped in raw or liquid form with mixed cargo to avoid detection; traffickers ship methamphetamine via express mail; increasing indoor cannabis production; illegal labs cutting, mixing, and reconstituting cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine labs; synthetic drugs, including ketamine and MDMA (ecstasy) transit from Spain to the US" diff --git a/europe/sw.json b/europe/sw.json index c1f7c920..d92b0447 100644 --- a/europe/sw.json +++ b/europe/sw.json @@ -1271,7 +1271,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "113,213 (Syria), 26,857 (Afghanistan), 25,849 (Eritrea), 10,464 (Iraq), 9,315 (Somalia), 7,146 (Iran) (mid-year 2022); 51,230 (Ukraine) (as of 27 January 2023)" + "text": "113,213 (Syria), 26,857 (Afghanistan), 25,849 (Eritrea), 10,464 (Iraq), 9,315 (Somalia), 7,146 (Iran) (mid-year 2022); 50,740 (Ukraine) (as of 13 February 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "46,515 (2022); note - the majority of stateless people are from the Middle East and Somalia" diff --git a/europe/sz.json b/europe/sz.json index 7c537149..37bcb85a 100644 --- a/europe/sz.json +++ b/europe/sz.json @@ -1274,7 +1274,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "14,726 (Eritrea), 11,441 (Afghanistan), 8,039 (Syria), (mid-year 2022); 78,888 (Ukraine) (as of 27 January 2023)" + "text": "14,726 (Eritrea), 11,441 (Afghanistan), 8,039 (Syria), (mid-year 2022); 80,324 (Ukraine) (as of 13 February 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "891 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/uk.json b/europe/uk.json index 16a688fe..65d099bc 100644 --- a/europe/uk.json +++ b/europe/uk.json @@ -1278,7 +1278,7 @@ "note": "note 1: women made up about 11% of the military's full-time personnel in 2021

note 2: the British military allows Commonwealth nationals who are current UK residents and have been in the country for at least 5 years to apply; it also accepts Irish citizens

note 3: the British Army has continued the historic practice of recruiting Gurkhas from Nepal to serve in the Brigade of Gurkhas; the British began to recruit Nepalese citizens (Gurkhas) into the East India Company Army during the Anglo-Nepalese War (1814-1816); the Gurkhas subsequently were brought into the British Indian Army and by 1914, there were 10 Gurkha regiments, collectively known as the Gurkha Brigade; following the partition of India in 1947, an agreement between Nepal, India, and Great Britain allowed for the transfer of the 10 regiments from the British Indian Army to the separate British and Indian armies; four of the regiments were transferred to the British Army, where they have since served continuously as the Brigade of Gurkhas" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "approximately 1,000 Brunei; approximately 400 Canada (BATUS); approximately 2,500 Cyprus (250 for UNFICYP); approximately 1,000 Estonia (NATO); approximately 1,200 Falkland Islands; approximately 200 Germany; 570 Gibraltar; approximately 1,400 Middle East (including Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE); up to 350 Kenya (BATUK); approximately 350 Mali (EUTM, MINUSMA); 150 Poland (NATO) (2022)", + "text": "approximately 1,000 Brunei; approximately 400 Canada (BATUS); approximately 2,500 Cyprus (250 for UNFICYP); approximately 1,000 Estonia (NATO); approximately 1,200 Falkland Islands; approximately 200 Germany; 570 Gibraltar; approximately 1,400 Middle East (including Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE); up to 350 Kenya (BATUK); approximately 350 Mali (MINUSMA); 150 Poland (NATO) (2022)", "note": "note: in response to Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including the UK, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe" }, "Military - note": { diff --git a/europe/up.json b/europe/up.json index b81224f8..450ff824 100644 --- a/europe/up.json +++ b/europe/up.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

Ukraine was the center of the first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in Europe. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was absorbed by the Russian Empire. Following the collapse of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine achieved a short-lived period of independence (1917-20) but was reconquered and endured a brutal Soviet rule that engineered two forced famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died. In World War II, German and Soviet armies were responsible for 7 to 8 million more deaths. Although Ukraine achieved independence in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR, democracy and prosperity remained elusive as the legacy of state control and endemic corruption stalled efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties.

A peaceful mass protest referred to as the \"Orange Revolution\" in the closing months of 2004 forced the authorities to overturn a rigged presidential election and to allow a new internationally monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. Subsequent internal squabbles in the YUSHCHENKO camp allowed his rival Viktor YANUKOVYCH to stage a comeback in parliamentary (Rada) elections, become prime minister in August 2006, and be elected president in February 2010. In October 2012, Ukraine held Rada elections, widely criticized by Western observers as flawed due to use of government resources to favor ruling party candidates, interference with media access, and harassment of opposition candidates. President YANUKOVYCH's backtracking on a trade and cooperation agreement with the EU in November 2013 - in favor of closer economic ties with Russia - and subsequent use of force against students, civil society activists, and other civilians in favor of the agreement led to a three-month protest occupation of Kyiv's central square. The government's use of violence to break up the protest camp in February 2014 led to all out pitched battles, scores of deaths, international condemnation, a failed political deal, and the president's abrupt departure for Russia. New elections in the spring allowed pro-West president Petro POROSHENKO to assume office in June 2014; he was succeeded by Volodymyr ZELENSKY in May 2019.

Shortly after YANUKOVYCH's departure in late February 2014, Russian President PUTIN ordered the invasion of Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula falsely claiming the action was to protect ethnic Russians living there. Two weeks later, a \"referendum\" was held regarding the integration of Crimea into the Russian Federation. The \"referendum\" was condemned as illegitimate by the Ukrainian Government, the EU, the US, and the UN General Assembly (UNGA). In response to Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea, 100 members of the UN passed UNGA resolution 68/262, rejecting the \"referendum\" as baseless and invalid and confirming the sovereignty, political independence, unity, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. In mid-2014, Russia began supplying proxies in two of Ukraine's eastern provinces with manpower, funding, and materiel driving an armed conflict with the Ukrainian Government that continues to this day. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, and the unrecognized Russian proxy republics signed the Minsk Protocol and Memorandum in September 2014 to end the conflict. However, this agreement failed to stop the fighting or find a political solution. In a renewed attempt to alleviate ongoing clashes, leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, and Germany negotiated a follow-on Package of Measures in February 2015 to implement the Minsk agreements. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, the unrecognized Russian proxy republics, and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe also meet regularly to facilitate implementation of the peace deal. By early 2022, more than 14,000 civilians were killed or wounded as a result of the Russian intervention in eastern Ukraine.

On 24 February 2022, Russia escalated its conflict with Ukraine by invading the country on several fronts in what has become the largest conventional military attack on a sovereign state in Europe since World War II. The invasion has received near universal international condemnation, and many countries have imposed sanctions on Russia and supplied humanitarian and military aid to Ukraine. Russia made substantial gains in the early weeks of the invasion but underestimated Ukrainian resolve and combat capabilities. By the end of 2022, Ukrainian forces had regained all territories in the north and northeast and made some advances in the east and south. Nonetheless, Russia in late September 2022 unilaterally declared its annexation of four Ukrainian oblasts - Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk, and Zaporizhzhia - even though none was fully under Russian control. The annexations remain unrecognized by the international community.

The invasion has also created Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. As of 7 February, 2023, approximately 18.38 million people had fled Ukraine, and 6.54 million people were internally displaced as of October 2022.  More than 18,800 civilian casualties had been reported, as of 5 February 2023. The invasion of Ukraine remains one of the two largest displacement crises worldwide (the other is the conflict in Syria).

 

" + "text": "

Ukraine was the center of the first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in Europe. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was absorbed by the Russian Empire. Following the collapse of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine achieved a short-lived period of independence (1917-20) but was reconquered and endured a brutal Soviet rule that engineered two forced famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died. In World War II, German and Soviet armies were responsible for 7 to 8 million more deaths. Although Ukraine achieved independence in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR, democracy and prosperity remained elusive as the legacy of state control and endemic corruption stalled efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties.

A peaceful mass protest referred to as the \"Orange Revolution\" in the closing months of 2004 forced the authorities to overturn a rigged presidential election and to allow a new internationally monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. Subsequent internal squabbles in the YUSHCHENKO camp allowed his rival Viktor YANUKOVYCH to stage a comeback in parliamentary (Rada) elections, become prime minister in August 2006, and be elected president in February 2010. In October 2012, Ukraine held Rada elections, widely criticized by Western observers as flawed due to use of government resources to favor ruling party candidates, interference with media access, and harassment of opposition candidates. President YANUKOVYCH's backtracking on a trade and cooperation agreement with the EU in November 2013 - in favor of closer economic ties with Russia - and subsequent use of force against students, civil society activists, and other civilians in favor of the agreement led to a three-month protest occupation of Kyiv's central square. The government's use of violence to break up the protest camp in February 2014 led to all out pitched battles, scores of deaths, international condemnation, a failed political deal, and the president's abrupt departure for Russia. New elections in the spring allowed pro-West president Petro POROSHENKO to assume office in June 2014; he was succeeded by Volodymyr ZELENSKY in May 2019.

Shortly after YANUKOVYCH's departure in late February 2014, Russian President PUTIN ordered the invasion of Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula falsely claiming the action was to protect ethnic Russians living there. Two weeks later, a \"referendum\" was held regarding the integration of Crimea into the Russian Federation. The \"referendum\" was condemned as illegitimate by the Ukrainian Government, the EU, the US, and the UN General Assembly (UNGA). In response to Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea, 100 members of the UN passed UNGA resolution 68/262, rejecting the \"referendum\" as baseless and invalid and confirming the sovereignty, political independence, unity, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. In mid-2014, Russia began supplying proxies in two of Ukraine's eastern provinces with manpower, funding, and materiel driving an armed conflict with the Ukrainian Government that continues to this day. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, and the unrecognized Russian proxy republics signed the Minsk Protocol and Memorandum in September 2014 to end the conflict. However, this agreement failed to stop the fighting or find a political solution. In a renewed attempt to alleviate ongoing clashes, leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, and Germany negotiated a follow-on Package of Measures in February 2015 to implement the Minsk agreements. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, the unrecognized Russian proxy republics, and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe also meet regularly to facilitate implementation of the peace deal. By early 2022, more than 14,000 civilians were killed or wounded as a result of the Russian intervention in eastern Ukraine.

On 24 February 2022, Russia escalated its conflict with Ukraine by invading the country on several fronts in what has become the largest conventional military attack on a sovereign state in Europe since World War II. The invasion has received near universal international condemnation, and many countries have imposed sanctions on Russia and supplied humanitarian and military aid to Ukraine. Russia made substantial gains in the early weeks of the invasion but underestimated Ukrainian resolve and combat capabilities. By the end of 2022, Ukrainian forces had regained all territories in the north and northeast and made some advances in the east and south. Nonetheless, Russia in late September 2022 unilaterally declared its annexation of four Ukrainian oblasts - Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk, and Zaporizhzhia - even though none was fully under Russian control. The annexations remain unrecognized by the international community.

The invasion has also created Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. As of 14 February, 2023, approximately 18.61 million people had fled Ukraine, and 5.35 million people were internally displaced as of January 2023.  Nearly 19,000 civilian casualties had been reported, as of 12 February 2023. The invasion of Ukraine remains one of the two largest displacement crises worldwide (the other is the conflict in Syria).

 

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -1306,7 +1306,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "IDPs": { - "text": "

1,461,700 (Russian-sponsored separatist violence in Crimea and eastern Ukraine) (2021); 6.54 million (Russian invasion), according to the UN (as of October 2022); note – the more recent invasion total may reflect some double counting, since it is impossible to determine how many of the recent IDPs may also include IDPs from the earlier Russian-sponsored violence in Crimea and eastern Ukraine

" + "text": "

1,461,700 (Russian-sponsored separatist violence in Crimea and eastern Ukraine) (2021); 5.35 million (Russian invasion), according to the UN (as of January 2023); note – the more recent invasion total may reflect some double counting, since it is impossible to determine how many of the recent IDPs may also include IDPs from the earlier Russian-sponsored violence in Crimea and eastern Ukraine

" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "36,459 (2022); note - citizens of the former USSR who were permanently resident in Ukraine were granted citizenship upon Ukraine's independence in 1991, but some missed this window of opportunity; people arriving after 1991, Crimean Tatars, ethnic Koreans, people with expired Soviet passports, and people with no documents have difficulty acquiring Ukrainian citizenship; following the fall of the Soviet Union in 1989, thousands of Crimean Tatars and their descendants deported from Ukraine under the STALIN regime returned to their homeland, some being stateless and others holding the citizenship of Uzbekistan or other former Soviet republics; a 1998 bilateral agreement between Ukraine and Uzbekistan simplified the process of renouncing Uzbek citizenship and obtaining Ukrainian citizenship" diff --git a/middle-east/we.json b/middle-east/we.json index 7c18def7..2c64d26c 100644 --- a/middle-east/we.json +++ b/middle-east/we.json @@ -846,28 +846,28 @@ "Communications": { "Telephones - fixed lines": { "total subscriptions": { - "text": "466,283 (2020 est.)" + "text": "485,829 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "9 (2020 est.)" + "text": "9 (2021 est.)" }, "note": "note: includes Gaza Strip" }, "Telephones - mobile cellular": { "total subscriptions": { - "text": "4,274,119 (2020 est.)" + "text": "4,052,966 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "84 (2020 est.)" + "text": "78 (2021 est.)" }, "note": "note: includes Gaza Strip" }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "continuing political and economic instability has impeded liberalization of the telecommunications industry (2018)" + "text": "most telecommunications companies in the West Bank and Gaza import directly from international vendors; the major challenge they face are Israeli restrictions on telecommunication imports that are listed as “Dual Use” products; during a visit to the West Bank in July 2022, U.S. President Joe Biden announced that Israeli and Palestinian teams will work together immediately to roll out an advanced infrastructure for 4G by the end of 2023; currently, only 2G service is available in Gaza (2022)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "Israeli has companies that are responsible for fixed-line services; two Palestinian cellular providers launched 3G mobile networks in the West Bank in January 2018 after Israel lifted its ban; fixed-line 9 per 100 and mobile-cellular subscriptions 84 per 100 (includes Gaza Strip) (2020)" + "text": "Israeli has companies that are responsible for fixed-line services; two Palestinian cellular providers launched 3G mobile networks in the West Bank in January 2018 after Israel lifted its ban; fixed-line 9 per 100 and mobile-cellular subscriptions 78 per 100 (includes Gaza Strip) (2021)" }, "international": { "text": "country code 970 or 972; 1 international switch in Ramallah" diff --git a/middle-east/ym.json b/middle-east/ym.json index e7c20285..f8eb638f 100644 --- a/middle-east/ym.json +++ b/middle-east/ym.json @@ -1072,10 +1072,10 @@ }, "Telephones - mobile cellular": { "total subscriptions": { - "text": "15,357,900 (2019)" + "text": "15.178 million (2020)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "55.18 (2019)" + "text": "47 (2020)" } }, "Telecommunication systems": { @@ -1083,7 +1083,7 @@ "text": "Yemen continues to provide an exceptionally challenging market for telcos; civil unrest has caused havoc and devastation across most parts of the country, while the threat of sanctions has also made it a challenging environment in which to operate; a large proportion of the population requires humanitarian assistance, and there is little disposable income for services upon which telcos can generate revenue; essential telecom infrastructure, such as mobile towers and fiber cabling, has often been targeted, destroyed, or damaged by the opposing sides in the ongoing conflict; these difficulties have proved to be a disincentive to telcos investing in infrastructure, with the result that the country lacks basic fixed-line infrastructure, and mobile services are based on outdated GSM; this has prevented the development of a mobile broadband sector, or the evolution of mobile data services; the ownership of telecommunication services, and the scrutiny of associated revenues and taxes, have become a political issue in Yemen; until telecom infrastructure can be improved across Yemen, and until civil unrest eases, there will be little progress for the sector (2022)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "the national network consists of microwave radio relay, cable, tropospheric scatter, GSM and CDMA mobile-cellular telephone systems; fixed-line teledensity remains low by regional standards at roughly 4 per 100 but mobile cellular use expanding at over 55 per 100 (2019)" + "text": "the national network consists of microwave radio relay, cable, tropospheric scatter, GSM and CDMA mobile-cellular telephone systems; fixed-line teledensity remains low by regional standards at roughly 4 per 100 but mobile cellular use expanding at over 47 per 100 (2020)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 967; landing points for the FALCON, SeaMeWe-5, Aden-Djibouti, and the AAE-1 international submarine cable connecting Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Asia and Southeast Asia; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 2 Arabsat; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and Djibouti (2020)" diff --git a/south-asia/af.json b/south-asia/af.json index 59ba7491..787c6f01 100644 --- a/south-asia/af.json +++ b/south-asia/af.json @@ -1230,7 +1230,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "the Taliban has established a de facto ministry of defense and named commanders and deputy commanders for 8 regional military corps; it has also formed a ministry of interior with a subordinate police force (2022)" + "text": "the Taliban has established a de facto ministry of defense and a national army (aka Army of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, Islamic Emirate Army, or Afghan Army); it has also formed a ministry of interior with a subordinate police force (2022)" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2019": { diff --git a/south-asia/bg.json b/south-asia/bg.json index 98dfd39d..7dbdac40 100644 --- a/south-asia/bg.json +++ b/south-asia/bg.json @@ -1311,13 +1311,13 @@ "text": "information varies; approximately 165,000 total active personnel (135,000 Army; 15,000 Navy; 15,000 Air Force) (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "much of the military's inventory is comprised of Chinese- and Russian-origin equipment, with a smaller mix from a variety of other suppliers; in recent years, China has been the leading provider of arms to Bangladesh; as of 2022, Bangladesh was undertaking a large defense modernization program, with a focus on naval acquisitions (2022)" + "text": "much of the military's inventory is comprised of Chinese- and Russian-origin equipment, with a smaller mix from a variety of other suppliers; in recent years, China has been the leading provider of arms to Bangladesh; as of 2022, Bangladesh was undertaking a large defense modernization program  (2022)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "16-21 years of age for voluntary military service; Bangladeshi nationality and 10th grade education required; officers: 17-21 years of age, Bangladeshi nationality, and 12th grade education required (2022)" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "1,375 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 1,625 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO; plus about 190 police); 120 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 1,100 Mali (MINUSMA; plus about 280 police); 1,600 South Sudan (UNMISS); 180 Sudan (UNISFA) (May 2022)" + "text": "1,375 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 1,625 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO; plus about 190 police); 120 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 1,100 Mali (MINUSMA; plus about 280 police); 1,600 South Sudan (UNMISS); 180 Sudan (UNISFA) (2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "the military’s chief areas of focus are border, economic exclusion zone, and domestic security; the Army maintains a large domestic security presence in the Chittagong Hills area where it conducted counterinsurgency operations against tribal guerrillas from the 1970s until the late 1990s; since 2009, the military has been in a force-wide expansion and modernization program known as Forces Goal 2030 (2022)" diff --git a/world/xx.json b/world/xx.json index 78032f61..d1d9a5f5 100644 --- a/world/xx.json +++ b/world/xx.json @@ -696,10 +696,10 @@ }, "Telephones - mobile cellular": { "total subscriptions": { - "text": "7.8 billion (2020 est.)" + "text": "8.06 billion (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "106 (2020 est.)" + "text": "110 (2021 est.)" } }, "Telecommunication systems": {