From d88e47c4ee2613ccdca300ad7e96cb082b8a90c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Yo Robot Date: Thu, 10 Jul 2025 22:21:23 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] auto-update week 28 --- africa/ag.json | 4 ++-- africa/ao.json | 4 ++-- africa/bc.json | 2 +- africa/bn.json | 2 +- africa/by.json | 6 +++--- africa/cd.json | 2 +- africa/cf.json | 2 +- africa/cg.json | 2 +- africa/cm.json | 4 ++-- africa/cn.json | 2 +- africa/ct.json | 2 +- africa/cv.json | 2 +- africa/dj.json | 2 +- africa/eg.json | 4 ++-- africa/ek.json | 4 ++-- africa/er.json | 2 +- africa/et.json | 4 ++-- africa/ga.json | 2 +- africa/gb.json | 4 ++-- africa/gh.json | 2 +- africa/gv.json | 4 ++-- africa/iv.json | 4 ++-- africa/ke.json | 2 +- africa/li.json | 2 +- africa/lt.json | 2 +- africa/ly.json | 2 +- africa/ma.json | 2 +- africa/mi.json | 2 +- africa/ml.json | 2 +- africa/mo.json | 2 +- africa/mp.json | 2 +- africa/mr.json | 2 +- africa/mz.json | 2 +- africa/ng.json | 5 ++++- africa/ni.json | 2 +- africa/od.json | 2 +- africa/pu.json | 4 ++-- africa/rw.json | 4 ++-- africa/se.json | 2 +- africa/sf.json | 4 ++-- africa/sg.json | 2 +- africa/sh.json | 2 +- africa/sl.json | 2 +- africa/so.json | 2 +- africa/su.json | 2 +- africa/to.json | 2 +- africa/tp.json | 2 +- africa/ts.json | 2 +- africa/tz.json | 2 +- africa/ug.json | 2 +- africa/uv.json | 2 +- africa/wa.json | 2 +- africa/wz.json | 2 +- africa/za.json | 2 +- africa/zi.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/aq.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/as.json | 19 +++++++++++++------ australia-oceania/bp.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/ck.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/cq.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/cw.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/fj.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/fm.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/fp.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/gq.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/kr.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/kt.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/nc.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/ne.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/nf.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/nh.json | 4 ++-- australia-oceania/nr.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/nz.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/pc.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/ps.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/rm.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/tl.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/tn.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/tv.json | 4 ++-- australia-oceania/wf.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/ws.json | 4 ++-- central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/av.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json | 4 ++-- central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/do.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/es.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json | 7 ++----- central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json | 4 ++-- central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json | 4 ++-- central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/st.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/td.json | 10 +++++----- central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json | 4 ++-- central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json | 2 +- central-asia/kg.json | 2 +- central-asia/kz.json | 2 +- central-asia/rs.json | 2 +- central-asia/ti.json | 4 ++-- central-asia/tx.json | 2 +- central-asia/uz.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json | 8 ++++---- east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json | 9 +++------ east-n-southeast-asia/id.json | 4 ++-- east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json | 4 ++-- east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json | 4 ++-- east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json | 4 ++-- east-n-southeast-asia/la.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/my.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json | 6 +++--- east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json | 6 +++--- east-n-southeast-asia/th.json | 7 ++++--- east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json | 2 +- europe/al.json | 2 +- europe/an.json | 2 +- europe/au.json | 2 +- europe/be.json | 4 ++-- europe/bk.json | 2 +- europe/bo.json | 2 +- europe/bu.json | 2 +- europe/cy.json | 2 +- europe/da.json | 11 ++++++----- europe/ee.json | 2 +- europe/ei.json | 6 +++--- europe/en.json | 2 +- europe/ez.json | 2 +- europe/fi.json | 2 +- europe/fo.json | 2 +- europe/fr.json | 2 +- europe/gi.json | 2 +- europe/gk.json | 20 ++++++++++---------- europe/gm.json | 2 +- europe/gr.json | 2 +- europe/hr.json | 2 +- europe/hu.json | 8 ++++---- europe/ic.json | 4 ++-- europe/im.json | 2 +- europe/it.json | 4 ++-- europe/je.json | 2 +- europe/kv.json | 2 +- europe/lg.json | 2 +- europe/lh.json | 2 +- europe/lo.json | 2 +- europe/ls.json | 2 +- europe/lu.json | 2 +- europe/md.json | 4 ++-- europe/mj.json | 2 +- europe/mk.json | 2 +- europe/mn.json | 2 +- europe/mt.json | 2 +- europe/nl.json | 4 ++-- europe/no.json | 2 +- europe/pl.json | 2 +- europe/po.json | 7 +++++-- europe/ri.json | 2 +- europe/ro.json | 2 +- europe/si.json | 2 +- europe/sm.json | 2 +- europe/sp.json | 2 +- europe/sv.json | 2 +- europe/sw.json | 2 +- europe/sz.json | 2 +- europe/uk.json | 2 +- europe/up.json | 2 +- europe/vt.json | 2 +- middle-east/ae.json | 2 +- middle-east/aj.json | 4 ++-- middle-east/am.json | 2 +- middle-east/ba.json | 4 ++-- middle-east/gg.json | 2 +- middle-east/ir.json | 10 +++++----- middle-east/is.json | 6 +++--- middle-east/iz.json | 8 ++++---- middle-east/jo.json | 4 ++-- middle-east/ku.json | 2 +- middle-east/le.json | 2 +- middle-east/qa.json | 2 +- middle-east/sa.json | 2 +- middle-east/sy.json | 4 ++-- middle-east/tu.json | 2 +- middle-east/ym.json | 2 +- north-america/bd.json | 2 +- north-america/ca.json | 4 ++-- north-america/gl.json | 4 ++-- north-america/mx.json | 2 +- north-america/sb.json | 2 +- north-america/us.json | 4 ++-- south-america/ar.json | 4 ++-- south-america/bl.json | 2 +- south-america/br.json | 2 +- south-america/ci.json | 4 ++-- south-america/co.json | 2 +- south-america/ec.json | 4 ++-- south-america/fk.json | 2 +- south-america/gy.json | 4 ++-- south-america/ns.json | 5 ++++- south-america/pa.json | 2 +- south-america/pe.json | 2 +- south-america/uy.json | 2 +- south-america/ve.json | 4 ++-- south-asia/af.json | 6 +++--- south-asia/bg.json | 2 +- south-asia/bt.json | 4 ++-- south-asia/ce.json | 2 +- south-asia/in.json | 10 +++++----- south-asia/io.json | 2 +- south-asia/mv.json | 2 +- south-asia/np.json | 2 +- south-asia/pk.json | 2 +- 235 files changed, 352 insertions(+), 340 deletions(-) diff --git a/africa/ag.json b/africa/ag.json index 01af1510..4abcc01b 100644 --- a/africa/ag.json +++ b/africa/ag.json @@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in two rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister nominated by the president after consultation with the majority party in Parliament" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -1189,7 +1189,7 @@ "text": "none; note - in 1947, Algeria began hosting a French military rocket test site, which was the continent of Africa's first rocket launch site; it was called the Centre Interarmées d’Essais d’Engins Spéciaux (CIEES or Interarmy Special Vehicles Test Center) and was in service until 1967" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "has a national space policy and a national space research program with stated goals of supporting internal development, managing resource usage, mastering space technology, and reinforcing national sovereignty; builds and operates communications and remote sensing (RS) satellites; researching and developing a range of space-related capabilities, including satellites and satellite payloads, communications, RS, instrumentation, satellite image processing, and geo-spatial information; has bilateral relationships with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Argentina, China, France, Germany, India, Russia, Ukraine, and the UK; also a member of the Arab Space Coordination Group, established by the UAE in 2019 (2024)", + "text": "has a national space policy and space research program with stated goals of supporting internal development, managing resources, mastering space technology, and reinforcing national sovereignty; builds and operates communications and remote sensing (RS) satellites; researching and developing a range of space-related capabilities, including satellites and satellite payloads, communications, RS, instrumentation, satellite image processing, and geo-spatial information; has bilateral relationships with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Argentina, China, France, Germany, India, Russia, Ukraine, and the UK; also a member of the Arab Space Coordination Group (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide" } }, diff --git a/africa/ao.json b/africa/ao.json index 842b6330..75822e55 100644 --- a/africa/ao.json +++ b/africa/ao.json @@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the candidate of the winning party or coalition in the last legislative election becomes the president; president serves a 5-year term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term)" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -1163,7 +1163,7 @@ "text": "National Space Program Office (Gabinete de Gestão do Programa Espacial Nacional, GGPEN; established 2013) (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "has a national space strategy with a focus on capacity building, developing space infrastructure, investing in domestic space sector, supporting socioeconomic growth, and establishing cooperation agreements with foreign technical and scientific institutions in the space industry; contracts with foreign companies to build and launch satellites; operates satellites; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of France, Russia, and the US (2024)", + "text": "has a national space strategy with a focus on capacity-building, developing space infrastructure, investing in domestic space sector, supporting socioeconomic growth, and establishing cooperation agreements with foreign technical and scientific institutions in the space industry; contracts with foreign companies to build and launch satellites; operates satellites; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of France, Russia, and the US (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide" } }, diff --git a/africa/bc.json b/africa/bc.json index d13a3682..c759e33c 100644 --- a/africa/bc.json +++ b/africa/bc.json @@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); vice president appointed by the president" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/bn.json b/africa/bn.json index 8647f95f..a9553b43 100644 --- a/africa/bn.json +++ b/africa/bn.json @@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/by.json b/africa/by.json index 56d3d161..81343537 100644 --- a/africa/by.json +++ b/africa/by.json @@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); vice presidents nominated by the president, endorsed by Parliament" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ "text": "National Assembly (Inama Nshingamateka)" }, "number of seats": { - "text": "123 (all directly elected)" + "text": "111 (all directly elected)" }, "electoral system": { "text": "proportional representation" @@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ "text": "National Council for the Defense of Democracy - Front for the Defense of Democracy (CNDD-FDD) (86); National Congress for Liberty (CNL) (32); Other (5)" }, "percentage of women in chamber": { - "text": "38.2%" + "text": "39.6%" }, "expected date of next election": { "text": "June 2025" diff --git a/africa/cd.json b/africa/cd.json index ca9a3803..9b7acb72 100644 --- a/africa/cd.json +++ b/africa/cd.json @@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (no term limits)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/cf.json b/africa/cf.json index 560f6209..3d16f273 100644 --- a/africa/cf.json +++ b/africa/cf.json @@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for 2 additional terms)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/cg.json b/africa/cg.json index 79e200f5..09264b92 100644 --- a/africa/cg.json +++ b/africa/cg.json @@ -578,7 +578,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Ministers of State appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by simple majority vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/cm.json b/africa/cm.json index b7abfe57..d4b49e97 100644 --- a/africa/cm.json +++ b/africa/cm.json @@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 7-year term (no term limits); prime minister appointed by the president" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ "text": "33.9%" }, "expected date of next election": { - "text": "March 2026" + "text": "February 2026" } }, "Legislative branch - upper chamber": { diff --git a/africa/cn.json b/africa/cn.json index 9473077a..863f6b49 100644 --- a/africa/cn.json +++ b/africa/cn.json @@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/ct.json b/africa/ct.json index e57ed6cb..faa5bcc7 100644 --- a/africa/ct.json +++ b/africa/ct.json @@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "current president was directly elected for 5-year term; constitutional referendum in July 2023 removed term limits and instituted 7-year terms" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/cv.json b/africa/cv.json index 1f272c5e..6bc21e72 100644 --- a/africa/cv.json +++ b/africa/cv.json @@ -523,7 +523,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister nominated by the National Assembly and appointed by the president" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/dj.json b/africa/dj.json index 853ff0c8..6eb4bf6c 100644 --- a/africa/dj.json +++ b/africa/dj.json @@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term; prime minister appointed by the president" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/eg.json b/africa/eg.json index 39075878..f0ffe4ad 100644 --- a/africa/eg.json +++ b/africa/eg.json @@ -578,7 +578,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet ministers nominated by the executive branch and approved by the House of Representatives" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 6-year term (eligible for 3 consecutive terms); prime minister appointed by the president, approved by the House of Representatives" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -1270,7 +1270,7 @@ "text": "Egyptian Space Agency (EgSA; public economic authority established 2019); National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Science (NARSS; formed in 1994 from the Remote Sensing Center, which was established in 1971) (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "has a growing program with a focus on developing the capabilities to manufacture satellites and associated support infrastructure; seeks to become a regional space power; operates satellites; builds satellites jointly with foreign partners but developing localized satellite manufacturing capabilities; acquiring through technology transfers and domestic development programs other space-related technologies, including those related to communications, Earth imaging/remote sensing (RS), and satellite payloads and components; cooperating on space-related issues with a variety of foreign governments and commercial space companies, including those of Belarus, Canada, China, the European Space Agency and its member states (particularly France, Germany, Italy), Ghana, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Nigeria, Russia, South Africa, Sudan, Uganda, Ukraine, the UAE, and the US; also a member of the Arab Space Coordination Group, established by the UAE in 2019; has a commercial space sector that focuses on satellite communications, satellite design and production, RS, and space applications (2024)", + "text": "has a growing program to manufacture satellites and associated support infrastructure; seeks to become a regional space power; operates satellites; builds satellites jointly with foreign partners but developing localized satellite manufacturing capabilities; acquiring other space-related technologies through transfers and domestic development, including on communications, Earth imaging/remote sensing (RS), and satellite payloads and components; cooperating on space-related issues with a variety of foreign governments and commercial space companies, including those of Belarus, Canada, China, the European Space Agency and its member states (particularly France, Germany, Italy), Ghana, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Nigeria, Russia, South Africa, Sudan, Uganda, Ukraine, the UAE, and the US; also a member of the Arab Space Coordination Group; has a commercial space sector that focuses on satellite communications, satellite design and production, RS, and space applications (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide" } }, diff --git a/africa/ek.json b/africa/ek.json index c19ad853..9e4ec066 100644 --- a/africa/ek.json +++ b/africa/ek.json @@ -484,12 +484,12 @@ "text": "President OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo (since 3 August 1979)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Manuela ROKA Botey (since 1 February 2023)" + "text": "Prime Minister Manuel Osa Nsue Nsua (since 17 August 2024)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president and overseen by the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/er.json b/africa/er.json index 30cca250..0756a7d9 100644 --- a/africa/er.json +++ b/africa/er.json @@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "State Council appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term), according to the constitution" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/et.json b/africa/et.json index 45ffcd5a..b738dccc 100644 --- a/africa/et.json +++ b/africa/et.json @@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers selected by the prime minister and approved by the House of People's Representatives" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president indirectly elected by both chambers of Parliament for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister designated by the majority party following legislative elections" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -1203,7 +1203,7 @@ "text": "Ethiopian Space Science and Geospatial Institute (ESSGI; formed in 2022 from the joining of the Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute or ESSTI and the Ethiopian Geospatial Information Institute or EGII) (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "has a small space program with a focus on acquiring and operating satellites, as well as research and astronomy; jointly builds satellites with foreign partners and operates and exploits remote sensing (RS) satellites; developing the ability to manufacture satellites and their associated payloads; involved in astronomy and in the construction of space observatories; cooperates on space-related issues with a variety of countries, including China, France, India, Russia, and multiple African countries, particularly Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda; shares RS data with neighboring countries (2024)", + "text": "has a small space program to acquire and operate satellites, as well as conduct research; jointly builds satellites with foreign partners and operates and exploits remote sensing (RS) satellites; developing the ability to manufacture satellites and their associated payloads; involved in astronomy and in the construction of space observatories; cooperates on space-related issues with a variety of countries, including China, France, India, Russia, and multiple African countries, particularly Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda; shares RS data with neighboring countries (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide" } }, diff --git a/africa/ga.json b/africa/ga.json index f1b7f2d5..220c5f29 100644 --- a/africa/ga.json +++ b/africa/ga.json @@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 5-year term (no term limits); vice president appointed by the president" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/gb.json b/africa/gb.json index a592cb0a..119a7129 100644 --- a/africa/gb.json +++ b/africa/gb.json @@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "cabinet appointed by president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the president directly elected by plurality vote to a 7-year term (no term limits)" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ "text": "25.5%" }, "expected date of next election": { - "text": "August 2025" + "text": "September 2025" } }, "Legislative branch - upper chamber": { diff --git a/africa/gh.json b/africa/gh.json index 4515b8c8..a97a6adf 100644 --- a/africa/gh.json +++ b/africa/gh.json @@ -548,7 +548,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers; nominated by the president, approved by Parliament" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); the president is both chief of state and head of government" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/gv.json b/africa/gv.json index 41e48c0d..f66d2327 100644 --- a/africa/gv.json +++ b/africa/gv.json @@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "formerly the Council of Ministers appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "formerly, the president was directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term), and the prime minister was appointed by the president" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -1115,7 +1115,7 @@ "text": "18 years of age for voluntary and selective conscripted service; 9-12 months of service (2023)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Guinean military is responsible for territorial defense, but also has some domestic security responsibilities and has historically been involved in suppressing public protests; in 2021 the Army’s special forces led a military overthrow of the government; the military-led government has since been accused of cracking down on dissent, the media, and political opposition (2024)" + "text": "the Guinean military is responsible for territorial defense, but also has some domestic security responsibilities and has historically been involved in suppressing public protests; in 2021 the Army’s special forces led a military overthrow of the government; the military-led government has since been accused of cracking down on dissent, the media, and political opposition (2025)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/africa/iv.json b/africa/iv.json index 32e96292..c0bf13ed 100644 --- a/africa/iv.json +++ b/africa/iv.json @@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a single renewable 5-year term; vice president elected on same ballot as president; prime minister appointed by the president" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -1212,7 +1212,7 @@ "text": "Space Agency of Côte d’Ivoire (ASCI; established June 2025) (2025)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "has as small, nascent program focused on acquiring a remote sensing (RS) satellite for purposes detecting illegal gold mining, facilitating access to drinking water, mapping deforestation, and national security issues; new space agency's responsibilities also include advancing the utilization of space-based technologies for sustainable development, promoting domestic expertise, and supporting scientific research (2025)", + "text": "has a small, nascent program focused on acquiring a remote sensing (RS) satellite for detecting illegal gold mining, facilitating access to drinking water, mapping deforestation, and national security issues; new space agency's responsibilities also include advancing the use of space-based technologies for sustainable development, promoting domestic expertise, and supporting scientific research (2025)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide" } }, diff --git a/africa/ke.json b/africa/ke.json index ae43e754..7d020dab 100644 --- a/africa/ke.json +++ b/africa/ke.json @@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president, subject to confirmation by the National Assembly" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and deputy president directly elected on the same ballot by majority vote nationwide and at least 25% of the votes cast in at least 24 of the 47 counties; failure to meet these thresholds requires a runoff between the top two candidates" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/li.json b/africa/li.json index 6a8b496e..23a333d5 100644 --- a/africa/li.json +++ b/africa/li.json @@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president, confirmed by the Senate" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/lt.json b/africa/lt.json index 197ef6ba..f6bff9f4 100644 --- a/africa/lt.json +++ b/africa/lt.json @@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "consists of the prime minister (appointed by the King on the advice of the Council of State), the deputy prime minister, and 18 other ministers; the prime minister is the leader of the majority party or majority coalition in the National Assembly" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary but has no executive or legislative powers under the constitution; under traditional law, the College of Chiefs has the power to depose the monarch, determine next in line of succession, or serve as regent in the event that a successor is not of mature age" }, "note": "note: King LETSIE III previously occupied the throne from November 1990 to February 1995 while his father was in exile" diff --git a/africa/ly.json b/africa/ly.json index 52215cb2..549607fa 100644 --- a/africa/ly.json +++ b/africa/ly.json @@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ "head of government": { "text": "GNU Interim Prime Minister Abd-al-Hamid DUBAYBAH (since 5 February 2021)" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "first direct presidential election was not held as planned" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/ma.json b/africa/ma.json index fbca8be6..0a1cd371 100644 --- a/africa/ma.json +++ b/africa/ma.json @@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister nominated by the National Assembly, appointed by the president" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/mi.json b/africa/mi.json index 71931582..0362012b 100644 --- a/africa/mi.json +++ b/africa/mi.json @@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet named by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/ml.json b/africa/ml.json index f987fb80..88dc08f5 100644 --- a/africa/ml.json +++ b/africa/ml.json @@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/mo.json b/africa/mo.json index ee9c592e..1a6f00aa 100644 --- a/africa/mo.json +++ b/africa/mo.json @@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers chosen by the prime minister in consultation with Parliament and appointed by the monarch; the monarch chooses the ministers of Interior, Foreign Affairs, Islamic Affairs, and National Defense Administration" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; monarch appoints the prime minister from the majority party following legislative elections" } }, diff --git a/africa/mp.json b/africa/mp.json index 42647c46..9e54de11 100644 --- a/africa/mp.json +++ b/africa/mp.json @@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet of Ministers (Council of Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and vice president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for 5-year renewable terms; the president appoints the prime minister and deputy prime minister who have the majority support in the National Assembly" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/mr.json b/africa/mr.json index 3686c4a4..b3d756b2 100644 --- a/africa/mr.json +++ b/africa/mr.json @@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers nominees suggested by the prime minister, appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/mz.json b/africa/mz.json index ebeb9afd..13a8e1f0 100644 --- a/africa/mz.json +++ b/africa/mz.json @@ -563,7 +563,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president elected directly by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for 2 consecutive terms); election last held on 9 October 2024 (next to be held by October 2029); prime minister appointed by the president" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/ng.json b/africa/ng.json index 0603a936..7d8d07dd 100644 --- a/africa/ng.json +++ b/africa/ng.json @@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the CNSP" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the CNSP rules by decree; previously, the president was directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister was appointed by the president, authorized by the National Assembly" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -587,6 +587,9 @@ "most recent election date": { "text": "5/1/2025" }, + "percentage of women in chamber": { + "text": "19.6%" + }, "note": "Note: on 26 July 2023, the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland, a military junta which took control of Niger's government, dissolved the National Assembly; a commission recommended to the junta in February 2025 a minimum of a five-year transition to democratic rule" }, "Judicial branch": { diff --git a/africa/ni.json b/africa/ni.json index 8d189421..1074d0bc 100644 --- a/africa/ni.json +++ b/africa/ni.json @@ -545,7 +545,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Federal Executive Council appointed by the president but constitutionally required to include at least one member from each of the 36 states" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by qualified-majority popular vote with at least 25% of the votes cast in 24 of Nigeria's 36 states; president elected for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/od.json b/africa/od.json index a3627850..ad97f17a 100644 --- a/africa/od.json +++ b/africa/od.json @@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "National Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Transitional National Legislative Assembly" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/pu.json b/africa/pu.json index c2a0017c..d424ca55 100644 --- a/africa/pu.json +++ b/africa/pu.json @@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for up to 2 consecutive 5-year terms; prime minister appointed by the president after consultation with party leaders in the National People's Assembly" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -1063,7 +1063,7 @@ "text": "18-25 years of age for selective compulsory military service for men and women (Air Force service is voluntary); 16 years of age or younger, with parental consent, for voluntary service (2023)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Armed Forces (FARP) are focused on external security, but also have some internal security duties; the FARP has been influential in the country’s politics since independence was gained in 1974, having staged at least nine coup attempts as well as several mutinies; FARP members were suspected of coup plotting as recently as 2021, and it put down an attempted coup in 2022, while the National Guard attempted a coup in December 2023; since the 2000s, the FARP has undergone various attempts at defense and security sector reforms under the auspices of the African Union, the EU, the Economic Community of West Africa (ECOWAS), and the UN 

from 2012-2020, ECOWAS deployed a security force to Guinea-Bissau to manage the post-coup transition, including protecting key political figures and public buildings, restoring civil institutions, and re-establishing the rule of law; the ECOWAS mission withdrew at the end of 2020, but returned in mid-2022 after the attempted coup in February 2022 (2024)" + "text": "the Armed Forces (FARP) are focused on external security, but also has some internal security duties; the FARP and the paramilitary National Guard have been influential in the country’s politics since independence and have attempted several coups; FARP members were suspected of coup plotting as recently as 2021, and it put down an attempted coup in 2022, while the National Guard attempted a coup in December 2023; since the 2000s, the FARP has undergone various attempts at defense and security sector reforms under the auspices of the African Union, the EU, the Economic Community of West Africa (ECOWAS), and the UN (2025)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/africa/rw.json b/africa/rw.json index 6b39b6c7..19c00008 100644 --- a/africa/rw.json +++ b/africa/rw.json @@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -1156,7 +1156,7 @@ "note": "note: Rwanda reportedly has several thousand military troops deployed in the Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "

the RDF is widely regarded as one of East Africa’s best trained and most experienced militaries; its principle responsibilities are ensuring territorial integrity and national sovereignty and preventing infiltrations of illegal armed groups from neighboring countries, particularly the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC); since 2021, Rwanda has deployed troops to the border region with the DRC to combat the rebel Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), which it has accused the DRC of backing; the RDF has been accused by the DRC, the UN, and the US of making incursions into the DRC and providing material support to the March 23 Movement (M23, aka Congolese Revolutionary Army) rebel group, which has been fighting with DRC troops and UN peacekeeping forces; the RDF also participates in UN and regional military operations, as well as multinational exercises

the Rwandan Armed Forces (FAR) were established following independence in 1962; after the 1990-1994 civil war and genocide, the victorious Tutsi-dominated Rwandan Patriotic Front's military wing, the Rwandan Patriotic Army (RPA), became the country's military force; the RPA participated in the First (1996-1997) and Second (1998-2003) Congolese Wars; the RPA was renamed the Rwanda Defense Force (RDF) in 2003, by which time it had assumed a more national character with the inclusion of many former Hutu officers as well as newly recruited soldiers (2024)" + "text": "

the RDF is widely regarded as one of East Africa’s best trained and most experienced militaries; its principle responsibilities are ensuring territorial integrity and national sovereignty and preventing infiltrations of illegal armed groups from neighboring countries, particularly the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC); since 2021, Rwanda has deployed troops to the border region with the DRC to combat the rebel Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), which it has accused the DRC of backing; the RDF has been accused by the DRC, the UN, and the US of making military incursions into the DRC and providing material support to the March 23 Movement (M23, aka Congolese Revolutionary Army) rebel group, which has been fighting with DRC troops and UN peacekeeping forces; the RDF also participates in UN and regional military operations, as well as multinational exercises

the Rwandan Armed Forces (FAR) were established following independence in 1962; after the 1990-1994 civil war and genocide, the victorious Tutsi-dominated Rwandan Patriotic Front's military wing, the Rwandan Patriotic Army (RPA), became the country's military force; the RPA participated in the First (1996-1997) and Second (1998-2003) Congolese Wars; the RPA was renamed the Rwanda Defense Force (RDF) in 2003, by which time it had assumed a more national character with the inclusion of many former Hutu officers as well as newly recruited soldiers (2024)" } }, "Space": { diff --git a/africa/se.json b/africa/se.json index ff82773c..7b28551f 100644 --- a/africa/se.json +++ b/africa/se.json @@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/sf.json b/africa/sf.json index 8c5d293e..a2e07082 100644 --- a/africa/sf.json +++ b/africa/sf.json @@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term)" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ "text": "5/29/2024" }, "percentage of women in chamber": { - "text": "44.7%" + "text": "44.5%" }, "expected date of next election": { "text": "May 2029" diff --git a/africa/sg.json b/africa/sg.json index bae9175e..7a427d51 100644 --- a/africa/sg.json +++ b/africa/sg.json @@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a single, renewable 5-year term" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/sh.json b/africa/sh.json index 72fdbf58..2d89439b 100644 --- a/africa/sh.json +++ b/africa/sh.json @@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Executive Council consists of the governor, 3 ex-officio officers, and 5 elected members of the Legislative Council" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch" }, "note": "note: the constitution order provides for an administrator for Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, appointed by the governor" diff --git a/africa/sl.json b/africa/sl.json index 17ada901..91363036 100644 --- a/africa/sl.json +++ b/africa/sl.json @@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Ministers of State appointed by the president, approved by Parliament; the cabinet is responsible to the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by 55% in the first round or absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/so.json b/africa/so.json index 3a6b5221..83818b8b 100644 --- a/africa/so.json +++ b/africa/so.json @@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the prime minister, approved by the House of the People" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president indirectly elected by the Federal Parliament by two-thirds majority vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a single 4-year term; prime minister appointed by the president, approved by the House of the People" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/su.json b/africa/su.json index 2408c1cd..847fa50c 100644 --- a/africa/su.json +++ b/africa/su.json @@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "the military forced most members of the Council of Ministers out of office in 2021; a handful of ministers appointed by former armed opposition groups were allowed to retain their posts; at present, most of the members of the Council are appointed senior civil servants serving in an acting-minister capacity" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "military members of the Sovereign Council are selected by the leadership of the security forces; representatives of former armed groups to the Sovereign Council are selected by the signatories of the Juba Peace Agreement" }, "election results": { diff --git a/africa/to.json b/africa/to.json index aab84f18..a20a30de 100644 --- a/africa/to.json +++ b/africa/to.json @@ -548,7 +548,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the advice of the president of the council of ministers" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president is appointed by the national assembly for one six-year term; the president of the council of ministers is the leader of the majority party in the national assembly and is confirmed by the Constitutional Court with no term limits" }, "election results": { diff --git a/africa/tp.json b/africa/tp.json index 33253381..bfcb9c0b 100644 --- a/africa/tp.json +++ b/africa/tp.json @@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister chosen by the National Assembly and approved by the president" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/ts.json b/africa/ts.json index 73488e46..0d4c1e87 100644 --- a/africa/ts.json +++ b/africa/ts.json @@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "prime minister appointed by the president; cabinet members appointed by the president in consultation with the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/tz.json b/africa/tz.json index 83219536..e0d7917f 100644 --- a/africa/tz.json +++ b/africa/tz.json @@ -578,7 +578,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president from among members of the National Assembly" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by simple majority popular vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/ug.json b/africa/ug.json index 6c2b1c7d..41bcc8e8 100644 --- a/africa/ug.json +++ b/africa/ug.json @@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president from among elected members of Parliament or persons who qualify to be elected as members of Parliament" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (no term limits)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/uv.json b/africa/uv.json index 924ae7d1..e4cc478b 100644 --- a/africa/uv.json +++ b/africa/uv.json @@ -548,7 +548,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "prior to the 2022 coups and ad hoc suspension of laws and constitutional provisions, Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "prior to the 2022 coups and ad hoc suspension of laws and constitutional provisions, president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president with consent of the National Assembly" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/wa.json b/africa/wa.json index 6209874f..55567fb2 100644 --- a/africa/wa.json +++ b/africa/wa.json @@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president from among members of the National Assembly" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/wz.json b/africa/wz.json index be9c9dff..e6a335a5 100644 --- a/africa/wz.json +++ b/africa/wz.json @@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet recommended by the prime minister, confirmed by the monarch; at least one-half of the cabinet membership must be appointed from among elected members of the House of Assembly" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch from among members of the House of Assembly" } }, diff --git a/africa/za.json b/africa/za.json index a09233c2..85bbf611 100644 --- a/africa/za.json +++ b/africa/za.json @@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by president from among members of the National Assembly" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/africa/zi.json b/africa/zi.json index 1a90933e..e08555fe 100644 --- a/africa/zi.json +++ b/africa/zi.json @@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by president, responsible to National Assembly" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "each presidential candidate nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least 1 candidate from each province) and directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (no term limits); co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/aq.json b/australia-oceania/aq.json index 970c265f..436d13b0 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/aq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/aq.json @@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet consists of 12 department directors appointed by the governor with the consent of the Legislature or Fono" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and vice president indirectly elected on the same ballot by an Electoral College of 'electors' chosen from each state to serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); under the US Constitution, residents of unincorporated territories such as American Samoa do not vote in elections for US president and vice president; however, they may vote in Democratic and Republican presidential primary elections; governor and lieutenant governor directly elected on the same ballot by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/as.json b/australia-oceania/as.json index f567e8dd..5166684e 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/as.json +++ b/australia-oceania/as.json @@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet nominated by the prime minister from among members of Parliament and sworn in by the governor general" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is sworn in as prime minister by the governor general" } }, @@ -601,8 +601,11 @@ "most recent election date": { "text": "5/3/2025" }, + "parties elected and seats per party": { + "text": "ALP (94); Liberal National coalition (43); the Greens (1); KAP (1); Independents (10)" + }, "percentage of women in chamber": { - "text": "39.1%" + "text": "45.7%" }, "expected date of next election": { "text": "May 2028" @@ -627,6 +630,9 @@ "most recent election date": { "text": "5/3/2025" }, + "parties elected and seats per party": { + "text": "ALP (16); Liberal (6); the Greens (6); Liberals/Nationals (4); One Nation (3); Liberal National Party of Queensland (2); others (3)" + }, "percentage of women in chamber": { "text": "56.6%" }, @@ -646,7 +652,7 @@ } }, "Political parties": { - "text": "Australian Greens Party or The Greens 
Australian Labor Party or ALP 
Centre Alliance (formerly known as the Nick Xenophon Team or NXT)
Jacqui Lambie Network or JLN 
Katter's Australian Party 
Liberal Party of Australia 
The Nationals 
One Nation or ONP 
United Australia Party ", + "text": "Australian Greens Party or The Greens 
Australian Labor Party or ALP 
Centre Alliance (formerly known as the Nick Xenophon Team or NXT)
Jacqui Lambie Network or JLN 
Katter's Australian Party (KAP)
Liberal Party of Australia 
Liberal National Party of Queensland 
The Nationals 
One Nation or ONP 
United Australia Party", "note": "note: the Labor Party is Australia’s oldest political party, established federally in 1901; the present Liberal Party was formed in 1944; the Country Party was formed in 1920, renamed the National Country Party in 1975, the National Party of Australia in 1982, and since 2003 has been known as the Nationals; since the general election of 1949, the Liberal Party and the Nationals (under various names) when forming government have done so as a coalition" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { @@ -724,11 +730,12 @@ }, "National heritage": { "total World Heritage Sites": { - "text": "20 (4 cultural, 12 natural, 4 mixed); note - includes one site on Heard Island and McDonald Islands" + "text": "20 (4 cultural, 12 natural, 4 mixed)" }, "selected World Heritage Site locales": { "text": "Great Barrier Reef (n); Greater Blue Mountains Area (n); Fraser Island (n); Gondwana Rainforests (n); Lord Howe Island Group (n); Royal Exhibition Building and Carlton Gardens (c); Shark Bay (n); Sydney Opera House (c); Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park (m); Kakadu National Park (m)" - } + }, + "note": "note: includes one site on Heard Island and McDonald Islands" } }, "Economy": { @@ -1241,7 +1248,7 @@ "text": "Whalers Way Orbital Launch Complex (commercial site, South Australia); Arnhem Space Center (commercial site, Northern Territory) (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "has a long history of involvement in space-related activities, including astronomy, rockets, satellites, and space tracking; develops, builds, operates, and tracks satellites, including communications, remote sensing (RS), navigational, and scientific/testing/research, often in partnership with other countries; develops other space technologies, including communications, RS capabilities, and telescopes; encouraging growth in domestic commercial space industry sector; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of China, the European Space Agency/EU and their individual member states, India, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, the UK, and the US; co-leads the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (2024)", + "text": "has a long history of involvement in space-related activities, including astronomy, rockets, satellites, and space tracking; develops, builds, operates, and tracks satellites, including communications, remote sensing (RS), navigational, and scientific/testing/research, often in partnership with other countries; develops other space technologies, including communications, RS capabilities, and telescopes; encouraging growth in domestic commercial space-industry sector; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of China, the European Space Agency (ESA), individual ESA member states, India, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, the UK, and the US; co-leads the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide" } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/bp.json b/australia-oceania/bp.json index b9123673..c47c4fdb 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/bp.json +++ b/australia-oceania/bp.json @@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the National Parliament for up to 5 years (eligible for a second term); following legislative elections, the National Parliament usually elects the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister" } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/ck.json b/australia-oceania/ck.json index 07afb67b..716f4ea4 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ck.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ck.json @@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "NA" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the Australian prime minister; administrator appointed by the governor-general for a 2-year term and represents the monarch and Australia" } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/cq.json b/australia-oceania/cq.json index e7aa8d94..886d9b79 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/cq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/cq.json @@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the governor with the advice and consent of the Senate" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and vice president indirectly elected on the same ballot by an Electoral College of electors chosen from each state; president and vice president serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); under the US Constitution, residents of the Northern Mariana Islands do not vote in elections for US president and vice president; however, they may vote in Democratic and Republican party presidential primary elections; governor directly elected by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds, if needed" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/cw.json b/australia-oceania/cw.json index f47eca92..9d7ce215 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/cw.json +++ b/australia-oceania/cw.json @@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet chosen by the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; UK representative appointed by the monarch; New Zealand high commissioner appointed by the New Zealand Government; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually becomes prime minister" } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/fj.json b/australia-oceania/fj.json index cdbe25c7..d9a60a68 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fj.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fj.json @@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the prime minister from among members of Parliament and is responsible to Parliament" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president elected by Parliament for a 3-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister endorsed by the president" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/fm.json b/australia-oceania/fm.json index 4e271019..cdc80ecb 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fm.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fm.json @@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet includes the vice president and the heads of the 8 executive departments" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and vice president indirectly elected by Congress from among the 4 'at large' senators for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/fp.json b/australia-oceania/fp.json index 88dce2bd..35e5ac0f 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fp.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fp.json @@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers approved by the Assembly from a list of its members submitted by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "French president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); high commissioner appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; French Polynesia president indirectly elected by Assembly of French Polynesia for a 5-year term (no term limits)" } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/gq.json b/australia-oceania/gq.json index d8d6ddce..ae049d8f 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/gq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/gq.json @@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the governor with the consent of the Legislature" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and vice president indirectly elected on the same ballot by an Electoral College of electors chosen from each state to serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); under the US Constitution, residents of unincorporated territories, such as Guam, do not vote in elections for US president and vice president, but they can vote in Democratic and Republican presidential primary elections; governor and lieutenant governor elected on the same ballot by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 4-year term (eligible for 2 consecutive terms)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/kr.json b/australia-oceania/kr.json index 2c86a1e0..c2c4be4c 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/kr.json +++ b/australia-oceania/kr.json @@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president from among House of Assembly members" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected for a 4-year term (eligible for 2 additional terms) by simple-majority popular vote, after candidates are nominated from among House of Assembly members; vice president appointed by the president" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/kt.json b/australia-oceania/kt.json index 667809cb..507b32b8 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/kt.json +++ b/australia-oceania/kt.json @@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "NA" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the Australian prime minister; administrator appointed by the governor-general of Australia for a 2-year term and represents the monarch and Australia" } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/nc.json b/australia-oceania/nc.json index ee44e062..b3db724b 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nc.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nc.json @@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet elected from and by the Territorial Congress" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "French president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); high commissioner appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of New Caledonia elected by Territorial Congress for a 5-year term (no term limits)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/ne.json b/australia-oceania/ne.json index c912ae07..d920e4cd 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ne.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ne.json @@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet chosen by the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister indirectly elected by the Legislative Assembly for a 3-year term" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/nf.json b/australia-oceania/nf.json index 18b37fb5..c7b9b976 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nf.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nf.json @@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Executive Council consists of 4 Legislative Assembly members" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia for a 2-year term and represents the monarch and Australia" } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/nh.json b/australia-oceania/nh.json index 3d75f019..d8376a96 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nh.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nh.json @@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and presidents of the 6 provinces; national president serves a 5-year term; following legislative elections, the Parliament usually elects the leader of the majority party or majority coalition (who must also be a member of Parliament) as prime minister" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ "email address and website": { "text": "
vanunmis@aol.com

https://www.un.int/vanuatu/" }, - "note": "note - the Vanuatu Permanent Mission to the UN serves as the embassy" + "note": "note: the Vanuatu Permanent Mission to the UN serves as the embassy" }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/nr.json b/australia-oceania/nr.json index 57c8ea9f..3e1f96e4 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nr.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nr.json @@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president from among members of Parliament" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president indirectly elected by Parliament for 3-year term (eligible for a second term)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/nz.json b/australia-oceania/nz.json index 151340ba..e744751c 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nz.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nz.json @@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Executive Council appointed by the governor-general on the recommendation of the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor-general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the governor-general appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister; deputy prime minister also appointed by the governor-general" } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/pc.json b/australia-oceania/pc.json index 57bef74c..f783e1fb 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/pc.json +++ b/australia-oceania/pc.json @@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "none" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor and commissioner appointed by the monarch; island mayor directly elected by majority popular vote for a 3-year term" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/ps.json b/australia-oceania/ps.json index a456a00c..edd3f350 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ps.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ps.json @@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate; also includes the vice president; the Council of Chiefs consists of chiefs from each of the states who advise the president on issues concerning traditional laws, customs, and their relationship to the constitution and laws" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and vice president directly elected on separate ballots by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/rm.json b/australia-oceania/rm.json index e3a0657f..e27dc659 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/rm.json +++ b/australia-oceania/rm.json @@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet nominated by the president from among members of the Nitijela, appointed by Nitijela speaker" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president indirectly elected by the Nitijela from among its members for a 4-year term (no term limits)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/tl.json b/australia-oceania/tl.json index 0bb0bd97..3850d473 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tl.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tl.json @@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council for the Ongoing Government of Tokelau (or Tokelau Council) functions as a cabinet; consists of 3 village leaders (Faipule) and 3 village mayors (Pulenuku)" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; administrator appointed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade in New Zealand; head of government chosen from the Council of Faipule to serve a 1-year term" }, "note": "note: the meeting place of the Tokelau Council and the head of government position rotates annually among the three atolls; this tradition has given rise to the somewhat misleading description that the capital rotates yearly between the three atolls, but Tokelau has no capital" diff --git a/australia-oceania/tn.json b/australia-oceania/tn.json index c7561198..5e365741 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tn.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tn.json @@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet nominated by the prime minister and appointed by the monarch" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister indirectly elected by the Legislative Assembly and appointed by the monarch" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/tv.json b/australia-oceania/tv.json index 4060c67b..46c1befa 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tv.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tv.json @@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet members selected by the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on recommendation of the prime minister and the parliament; prime minister and deputy prime minister elected by and from members of House of Assembly following parliamentary elections" }, "election results": { @@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ "email address and website": { "text": "
tuvalumission.un@gmail.com

tuvalu.unmission@gov.tv

https://www.un.int/tuvalu/about" }, - "note": "note - the Tuvalu Permanent Mission to the UN serves as the Embassy" + "note": "note: the Tuvalu Permanent Mission to the UN serves as the Embassy" }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "embassy": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/wf.json b/australia-oceania/wf.json index eae59ddd..3c113160 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/wf.json +++ b/australia-oceania/wf.json @@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of the Territory appointed by the administrator superior on the advice of the Territorial Assembly" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "French president elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); administrator superior appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; the presidents of the Territorial Government and the Territorial Assembly elected by assembly members" }, "note": "note: there are 3 traditional kings with limited powers" diff --git a/australia-oceania/ws.json b/australia-oceania/ws.json index 69b39795..8e573904 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ws.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ws.json @@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the chief of state on the advice of the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "chief of state indirectly elected by the Legislative Assembly to serve a 5-year term (2-term limit); following legislative elections, the chief of state usually appoints the leader of the majority party as prime minister, with the approval of the Legislative Assembly" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ "text": "13%" }, "expected date of next election": { - "text": "March 2026" + "text": "August 2025" } }, "Judicial branch": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json index 1130f876..9cb822a4 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json @@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers elected by the Legislature (Staten)" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch for a 6-year term; prime minister and deputy prime minister indirectly elected by the Staten for 4-year term" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json index 001e94e8..583bb2de 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json @@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the governor general usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister" } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json index 0d9a9d77..029f1ced 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json @@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Executive Council appointed by the governor from among elected members of the House of Assembly" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the governor usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as premier " } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json index 4ce3381f..b91ee813 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json @@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president elected by an electoral college of both Houses of Parliament for a 4-year renewable term; following legislative elections, the president usually appoints the leader of the majority party or leader of the majority coalition as prime minister; the prime minister recommends the deputy prime minister" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json index de31b0d3..2fcb9baf 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json @@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by governor-general on recommendation of prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor-general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the governor-general appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister; the prime minister recommends the deputy prime minister" } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json index 82c4aee1..f0780abb 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json @@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "governor general appoints Cabinet from among members of the National Assembly, on the advice of the prime minister " }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor-general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor-general; prime minister recommends the deputy prime minister" } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json index 4c64de3b..318d5831 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json @@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet selected from the Parliament and appointed by the governor on the advice of the premier" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the governor appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as premier" } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json index a0029eda..a2f3ff84 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json @@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet selected by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and vice presidents directly elected on the same ballot by modified majority popular vote (40% threshold) for a 4-year term (eligible for non-consecutive terms)" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@ "text": "Costa Rican Space Agency (ACE; established 2021); ACE is a non-state, public entity subject to guidelines issued by the Ministry of Science, Technology, and Telecommunications (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "has a small, recently established program focused on promoting the use of space to develop the country’s economy and industry, including acquiring and utilizing satellites; has built a remote sensing (RS) cube satellite; has relations with the space agencies and commercial space industries of the US, members of the European Space Agency, and members of the Latin American and Caribbean Space Agency (2024)", + "text": "has a small, recently established program focused on using space to develop the country’s economy and industry, including acquiring and utilizing satellites; has built a remote sensing (RS) cube satellite; has relations with the space agencies and commercial space industries of the US, the European Space Agency, and the Latin American and Caribbean Space Agency (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide" } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json index 6ab7f0a5..241c9ae1 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json @@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers proposed by the president and appointed by the National Assembly" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and vice president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json index a65a9232..6790abe9 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json @@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president nominated by the prime minister and leader of the opposition party and elected by the House of Assembly for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json index abcc75b1..6efee17c 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json @@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet nominated by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 4-year term (eligible for a maximum of two consecutive terms)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json index e7f8cd03..3aa32c0d 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json @@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers selected by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a single 5-year term" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json index 058d504a..3bb69640 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json @@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the governor general usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister" } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json index cd7d92d4..92395cee 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json @@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 4-year term (not eligible for consecutive terms)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json index f013fa90..7b776228 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json @@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president; parliament must ratify the Cabinet and prime minister's governing policy" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a single non-consecutive term)" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -611,9 +611,6 @@ "parties elected and seats per party": { "text": "Haitian Tet Kale Party (PHTK) (9); Truth (Vérité) (3); Konvansyon Inite Demokratik (KID) (2); Bouclier (2); Ayiti an aksyon (AAA) (2); Other (10)" }, - "percentage of women in chamber": { - "text": "0%" - }, "expected date of next election": { "text": "December 2025" } @@ -1119,7 +1116,7 @@ "text": "men and women 18-25 may volunteer for the FAdH (2023)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "Haiti's military was disbanded in 1995 after it participated in multiple coups and was accused of other political interference and human rights violations; the military was reinstated by former President MOISE in 2017 after the UN ended its peacekeeping operation in Haiti; the reconstituted military established an Army command in 2018 and has received some training assistance from Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, France, and Mexico; the military’s stated mission is to assist with natural disaster relief, border security, and combating transnational crime; in 2023, Prime Minister HENRY called upon the military to assist the National Police (PNH) in combating armed gangs, which have overwhelmed the PNH, killed hundreds of Haitians, and seized control of much of the capital Port-au-Prince since the assassination of President MOISE in 2021

in 2023, the UN Security Council approved the deployment of a Kenya-led multinational security support mission (MSS) to help bring gang violence under control; the first contingent of MSS personnel from the Kenya National Police Service arrived in mid-2024; other countries pledging forces included the Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Benin, Chad, and Jamaica; the mission is slated to have a total of 2,500 personnel (2024)" + "text": "Haiti's military was disbanded in 1995 after it participated in multiple coups and was accused of other political interference and human rights violations; the military was reinstated by former President MOISE in 2017 after the UN ended its peacekeeping operation in Haiti; the reconstituted military established an Army command in 2018 and has received some training assistance from Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, France, and Mexico; the military’s stated mission is to assist with natural disaster relief, border security, and combating transnational crime; in 2023, Prime Minister HENRY called upon the military to assist the National Police (PNH) in combating armed gangs, which have overwhelmed the PNH, killed hundreds of Haitians, and seized control of swaths of territory, including much of the capital Port-au-Prince, since the assassination of President MOISE in 2021

in 2023, the UN Security Council approved the deployment of a Kenya-led multinational security support mission (MSS) to help bring gang violence under control; the first contingent of MSS personnel from the Kenya National Police Service arrived in mid-2024; other countries pledging forces included the Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Benin, Chad, and Jamaica; the mission is slated to have a total of 2,500 personnel (2025)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json index b838f90f..7a66dab6 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json @@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 4-year term" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -1171,7 +1171,7 @@ "note": "note: as of 2023, women made up about 9% of the active duty military" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Honduran Armed Forces (FFAA) are responsible for maintaining the country’s territory, defending its sovereignty, providing emergency/humanitarian assistance, and supporting the National Police (PNH); the FFAA’s primary focus is internal and border security, and since 2011 a considerable portion of it has been deployed to support the PNH in combating narcotics trafficking and organized crime; military support to domestic security included the creation of the Military Police of Public Order (PMOP) in 2013 to provide security in areas controlled by street gangs to combat crime and make arrests; the PMOP also has sent personnel to reinforce security operations along the country’s border as part of a tri-national security task force with El Salvador and Guatemala

the FFAA has received military equipment, training, humanitarian, and technical assistance from the US military; the US military maintains a joint service task force co-located with the FFAA at Soto Cano Air Base (2025)" + "text": "the Honduran Armed Forces (FFAA) are responsible for maintaining the country’s territory, defending its sovereignty, providing emergency/humanitarian assistance, and supporting the National Police (PNH); the FFAA’s primary focus is internal and border security, and since 2011 a considerable portion of it has been deployed to support the PNH in combating narcotics trafficking and organized crime; military support to domestic security included the creation of the Military Police of Public Order (PMOP) in 2013 to provide security in areas controlled by street gangs to combat crime and make arrests; the FFAA, including the PMOP, cooperates with the militaries of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Nicaragua on border security

the FFAA has received military equipment, training, humanitarian, and technical assistance from the US military; the US military maintains a joint service task force co-located with the FFAA at Soto Cano Air Base (2025)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json index 14285d9e..48524d69 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json @@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the governor general appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition in the House of Representatives as prime minister" } }, @@ -1134,7 +1134,7 @@ "note": "note 1: the Jamaica Combined Cadet Force (JCCF), a youth organization under the Ministry of Security, also provides a recruitment pool for the JDF, as well as other government agencies

note 2: as of 2022, women made up about 20% of the JDF's uniformed personnel" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "in addition to its responsibility of defending against external aggression, the JDF's primary missions are border, internal, and maritime security, including support to police operations in combating crime and violence; other missions include search and rescue, disaster response, humanitarian assistance, and peacekeeping; it has arrest authority and partners with the Jamaica Constabulary Force (JCF); both the JDF and JCF are under the Ministry of National Security, which directs policy for the security forces; the JDF participates in bilateral and multinational training exercises, including with the militaries of Canada, the UK, the US, and other Caribbean nations 

while Jamaica had a militia force as early as the 1660s, the JDF was constituted in 1962 from the West India Regiment (WIR), a British colonial regiment which dates back to 1795 (2024)" + "text": "in addition to its responsibility of defending against external aggression, the Jamaican Defense Force's (JDF) primary missions are border, cyber, internal, and maritime security; other missions include search and rescue, disaster response, humanitarian assistance, and peacekeeping; it has arrest authority and partners with the Jamaica Constabulary Force (JCF), particularly in support of combating crime and violence; both the JDF and JCF are under the Ministry of National Security, which directs policy for the security forces; the JDF participates in bilateral and multinational training exercises, including with the armed forces of Canada, the UK, the US, and other Caribbean nations

while Jamaica had a militia force as early as the 1660s, the JDF was constituted in 1962 from the West India Regiment (WIR), a British colonial regiment which dates back to 1795 (2025)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json index f62d0a9e..8289bad9 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json @@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Executive Council consists of the governor, the premier, 3 other ministers, the attorney general, and the finance secretary" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party usually becomes premier" } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json index 36e83339..8762773a 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json @@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet nominated by the prime minister and appointed by the governor" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch for a 6-year term; following legislative elections, the Parliament usually elects the leader of the majority party as prime minister" } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json index 0490ae91..ab2d5d44 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json @@ -523,7 +523,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by qualified plurality vote for a 6-year term (no term limits)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json index 0a8736f0..a7649d04 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json @@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by simple-majority popular vote for a 5-year term; president eligible for a single non-consecutive term)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json index a9257bd8..63e1df4b 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json @@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Executive Council, as well as an advisory economic, social, and cultural council" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "French president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prefect appointed by French president on the advice of French Ministry of Interior; president of Territorial Council elected by its members for a 5-year term" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json index a62afdab..c2a21695 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json @@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by governor with the consent of the Legislative Assembly" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and vice president indirectly elected on the same ballot by an Electoral College of electors chosen from each state; president and vice president serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); under the US Constitution, residents of Puerto Rico do not vote in elections for US president and vice president, but they can vote in Democratic and Republican party presidential primary elections; governor directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 4-year term (no term limits)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json index ca7c5361..1f1add1e 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json @@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by governor general in consultation with prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the governor general usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister; deputy prime minister also appointed by governor general" } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json index 732b24f4..ae0bf278 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json @@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the governor general usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister; deputy prime minister also appointed by governor general" } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json index 1f62ad10..55069726 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json @@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Executive Council elected by the Territorial Council; there is also an advisory, economic, social, and cultural council" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "French president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of French Ministry of Interior; president of Territorial Council indirectly elected by its members for a 5-year term" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json index d5e837dd..f101623a 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json @@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed from among members of Parliament" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president indirectly elected by an electoral college of selected Senate and House of Representatives members for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); the president usually appoints the leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives as prime minister" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -541,10 +541,10 @@ "text": "4/28/2025" }, "parties elected and seats per party": { - "text": "United National Congress (UNC) (26); People's National Movement (PNM) (13); Tobago People’s Party (Tobago) (2)" + "text": "United National Congress (UNC) (26); People's National Movement (PNM) (13); Other (2)" }, "percentage of women in chamber": { - "text": "26.8%" + "text": "23.8%" }, "expected date of next election": { "text": "April 2030" @@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ "text": "Senate" }, "number of seats": { - "text": "32 (all appointed)" + "text": "31 (all appointed)" }, "scope of elections": { "text": "full renewal" @@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ "text": "5/23/2025" }, "percentage of women in chamber": { - "text": "32.3%" + "text": "25.8%" }, "expected date of next election": { "text": "May 2030" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json index 3778ab23..0b6f947d 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json @@ -418,8 +418,8 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the governor from among members of the House of Assembly" }, - "elections/appointments": { - "text": "the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party is appointed premier by the governor" + "election/appointment process": { + "text": "the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the governor appoints the leader of the majority party as the premier" } }, "Legislative branch": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json index f82349a6..161ff995 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json @@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet sworn-in by the governor" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the legislature usually elects the leader of the majority party as prime minister" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json index 4e3970b6..1d591cf3 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json @@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the governor general usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister; deputy prime minister also appointed by governor general on the advice of the prime minister" } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json index 30de1dbe..bad603cc 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json @@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Executive Council appointed by the governor from members of the House of Assembly" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the governor usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as premier " }, "note": "note: on 5 May 2022, Premier Andrew FAHIE was removed from office by a no-confidence vote in the House of Assembly after his arrest on drug-trafficking and money-laundering charges; Premier Dr. Natalio WHEATLEY was sworn in as premier on 5 May 2022" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json index 35aecf68..1c50427b 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json @@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Territorial Cabinet appointed by the governor and confirmed by the Senate" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and vice president indirectly elected on the same ballot by an Electoral College of electors chosen from each state; president and vice president serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); under the US Constitution, residents of the Virgin Islands do not vote in elections for US president and vice president, but they can vote in the Democratic and Republican party presidential primary elections; governor and lieutenant governor directly elected on the same ballot by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/central-asia/kg.json b/central-asia/kg.json index 844dec86..957d74a7 100644 --- a/central-asia/kg.json +++ b/central-asia/kg.json @@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a five-year term (eligible for a second term)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/central-asia/kz.json b/central-asia/kz.json index 48a5575a..a0bf9763 100644 --- a/central-asia/kz.json +++ b/central-asia/kz.json @@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "the president appoints ministers based on the prime minister's recommendations; the president has veto power over all appointments and independently appoints the ministers of defense, internal affairs, and foreign affairs" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a single 7-year term (prior to September 2022, the president of Kazakhstan could serve up to two 5-year terms; legislation reduced it to one 7-year term); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Mazhilis" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/central-asia/rs.json b/central-asia/rs.json index 7c62e452..bb5d994f 100644 --- a/central-asia/rs.json +++ b/central-asia/rs.json @@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "the government is composed of the premier, his deputies, and ministers, all appointed by the president; the premier is also confirmed by the Duma" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 6-year term (eligible for a second consecutive term)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/central-asia/ti.json b/central-asia/ti.json index 66ab1fc6..945ec182 100644 --- a/central-asia/ti.json +++ b/central-asia/ti.json @@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Supreme Assembly" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 7-year term (two-term limit), but as the \"Leader of the Nation,\" president has no term limit; prime minister appointed by the president" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ "text": "3/28/2025" }, "percentage of women in chamber": { - "text": "25.8%" + "text": "30.3%" }, "expected date of next election": { "text": "March 2030" diff --git a/central-asia/tx.json b/central-asia/tx.json index 8ceddf14..166eab63 100644 --- a/central-asia/tx.json +++ b/central-asia/tx.json @@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 7-year term (no term limits)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/central-asia/uz.json b/central-asia/uz.json index 9711d794..970177d2 100644 --- a/central-asia/uz.json +++ b/central-asia/uz.json @@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president with most requiring approval of the Senate chamber of the Supreme Assembly (Oliy Majlis)" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister nominated by majority party in the Supreme Assembly but appointed along with the ministers and deputy ministers by the president" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json index c80c1179..be52e20e 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json @@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointments shared by the president and the commander-in-chief" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "prior to the military takeover in 2021, president was indirectly elected by simple majority vote by the full Assembly of the Union from among 3 vice-presidential candidates nominated by the Presidential Electoral College (consists of members of the lower and upper houses and military members); the other 2 candidates become vice presidents (president elected for a 5-year term)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json index efd88bf2..8536e2eb 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json @@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "none; the monarchy is hereditary" }, "note": "note 1: the monarch is both chief of state and head of government, as well as Minister of Finance, Defense, and Foreign Affairs and Trade

note 2: 4 additional advisory councils appointed by the monarch are the Religious Council, Privy Council for Constitutional Issues, Council of Succession, and Legislative Council" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json index 7fc8a5a2..5231bb14 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json @@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and appointed by the monarch" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "monarch chosen by the 9-member Royal Council of the Throne from among all eligible males of royal descent; after legislative elections, a member of the majority party or majority coalition is named prime minister by the Chairman of the National Assembly and appointed by the monarch" }, "note": "note:  MANET succeeded his father, HUN SEN, who had been prime minister since 1985" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json index dc55e71c..8abb8fe3 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json @@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "State Council appointed by National People's Congress" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and vice president indirectly elected by National People's Congress; premier nominated by president, confirmed by National People's Congress" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ "text": "
chinaemppress_us@mfa.gov.cn

http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/" }, "consulate(s) general": { - "text": "Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco; note - the US ordered closure of the Houston consulate in late July 2020" + "text": "Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco" } }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { @@ -1262,8 +1262,8 @@ "text": "Jiuquan Launch Center (Inner Mongolia), Xichang Launch Center (Sichuan), Wenchang Launch Center (Hainan; Wenchang includes a commercial launch pad, the Hainan Commercial Space Launch Site, which became operational in December 2024), Taiyuan Launch Center (Shanxi), Eastern Spaceport (Shandong; a coastal spaceport designed to facilitate maritime launches); note - China also has a ship capable of conducting space launches (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "has a large, comprehensive, and ambitious space program and is considered one of the World’s leading space powers; capable of manufacturing and operating the full spectrum of space launch vehicles (SLVs) and spacecraft, including human crewed, satellite launchers, lunar/inter-planetary/asteroid probes, satellites (communications, remote sensing, navigational, scientific, etc.), space stations, and re-usable space transportation systems, such as orbital space planes/shuttles; trains astronauts (taikonauts); researches and develops a range of other space-related capabilities, including advanced telecommunications, optics, spacecraft components, satellite payloads, etc.; participates in international space programs, such as the Square Kilometer Array Project radio telescope project and co-leads (with Australian and Japan) the Global Earth Observation System of Systems; has signed space cooperation agreements with more than 30 countries, including Brazil, Canada, France, and Russia, as well as the European Space Agency (note – the US NASA is barred by a 2011 law from cooperating with the Chinese bilaterally in space unless approved by the US Congress; the US also objected to China’s participation in the International Space Station program); has a space industry dominated by two state-owned aerospace enterprises but since announcing in 2014 that it would allow private investment into the traditionally state-dominated space industry has developed a substantial commercial space sector, including space launch services (2024)", - "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide" + "text": "has a large, comprehensive, and ambitious space program and is considered one of the world’s leading space powers; capable of manufacturing and operating the full spectrum of space launch vehicles (SLVs) and spacecraft, including human-crewed satellite launchers, lunar/inter-planetary/asteroid probes, satellites (communications, remote sensing, navigational, scientific, etc.), space stations, and reusable space transportation systems such as orbital space planes/shuttles; trains astronauts; researches and develops a range of space-related capabilities, including advanced telecommunications, optics, spacecraft components, and satellite payloads; participates in international space programs and co-leads (with Australia and Japan) the Global Earth Observation System of Systems; has signed space cooperation agreements with more than 30 countries, including Brazil, Canada, France, and Russia, as well as the European Space Agency; has a space industry dominated by two state-owned aerospace enterprises, but has developed a substantial commercial space sector, including launch services (2024)", + "note": "note 1: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide

note 2: the US NASA is barred by a 2011 law from cooperating with the Chinese bilaterally in space unless approved by the US Congress; the US objected to China’s participation in the International Space Station program" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json index 9446d823..6aba2c7b 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json @@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Executive Council or ExCo appointed by the chief executive" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president indirectly elected by National People's Congress for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); chief executive indirectly elected by the Election Committee and appointed by the PRC Government for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term)" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ "HKETO offices": { "text": "New York, San Francisco, Washington DC" }, - "note": "Note:  Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region of China and does not have a diplomatic presence; the Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office (HKETO) carries out normal liaison activities and communication with the US Government and other US entities; the position of the Hong Kong Commissioner to the US Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is vacant; address: 1520 18th Street NW, Washington, DC 20036; telephone: [1] (202) 331-8947; FAX: [1] (202) 331-8958; email:  hketo@hketowashington.gov.hk; website: https://www.hketowashington.gov.hk/" + "note": "note: Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region of China and does not have a diplomatic presence; the Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office (HKETO) carries out normal liaison activities and communication with the US government and other US entities; the position of the Hong Kong Commissioner to the US Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is vacant; address: 1520 18th Street NW, Washington, DC 20036; telephone: [1] (202) 331-8947; FAX: [1] (202) 331-8958; email:  hketo@hketowashington.gov.hk; website: https://www.hketowashington.gov.hk/" }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { @@ -964,10 +964,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "no regular indigenous military forces; Hong Kong Police Force (specialized units include the Police Counterterrorism Response Unit, the Explosive Ordnance Disposal Bureau, the Special Duties Unit, the Airport Security Unit, and the VIP Protection Unit)

China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) Hong Kong Garrison is responsible for defense duties; the garrison includes elements of the PLA Army, PLA Navy, and PLA Air Force and are under the direct leadership of the Central Military Commission in Beijing and under administrative control of the adjacent Southern Theater Command (2025)" - }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "defense is the responsibility of China" + "text": "Hong Kong Police Force (specialized units include the Police Counterterrorism Response Unit, the Explosive Ordnance Disposal Bureau, the Special Duties Unit, the Airport Security Unit, and the VIP Protection Unit)

China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) Hong Kong Garrison is responsible for defense duties; the garrison includes elements of the PLA Army, PLA Navy, and PLA Air Force and are under the direct leadership of the Central Military Commission in Beijing and under administrative control of the adjacent Southern Theater Command (2025)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json index 2e8405cd..0258c1f1 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json @@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and vice president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term)" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -1230,7 +1230,7 @@ "text": "225 (plus about 140 police) Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 1,025 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 1,225 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (2024)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the military is responsible for external defense, combatting separatism, and responding to natural disasters; in certain conditions it may provide operational support to police, such as for counterterrorism operations, maintaining public order, and addressing communal conflicts; the TNI has undergone reforms since the 1990s to improve its professionalism and limit its involvement in internal politics

the Army is involved in counterinsurgency operations in Papua against the West Papua Liberation Army, the military wing of the Free Papua Organization, which has been fighting a low-level insurgency since Indonesia annexed the former Dutch colony in the 1960s; the Army has also been assisting police in Sulawesi in countering the Mujahideen Indonesia Timur (MIT; aka East Indonesia Mujahideen), a local militant group affiliated with the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)

the Navy is responsible for coastal defense and patrolling Indonesia’s territorial waters where it faces such issues as piracy, transnational crime, illegal fishing, and incursions by Chinese vessels; Indonesia is not a formal claimant in the South China Sea, although some of its waters lie within China's “nine-dash line” maritime claims, resulting in some stand offs in recent years; since 2016, the Indonesian military has bolstered its presence on Great Natuna Island (aka Pulau Natuna Besar), the main island of the Middle Natuna Archipelago, which is part of the Riau Islands Province, and held military exercises in the surrounding waters (2024)" + "text": "the military is responsible for external defense, combatting separatism, and responding to national emergencies and natural disasters; in certain conditions it may provide operational support to police, such as for counterterrorism operations, maintaining public order, and addressing communal conflicts

key operational priorities include an insurgency on Papua and the security of Indonesia's vast maritime domain; the West Papua Liberation Army, the military wing of the Free Papua Organization, has been fighting a low-level insurgency in Papua since Indonesia annexed the former Dutch colony in the 1960s; maritime issues include piracy, transnational crime, illegal fishing, and incursions by People's Republic of China (PRC) vessels; Indonesia is not a formal claimant in the South China Sea, although some of its waters lie within the PRC's “nine-dash line” maritime claims, resulting in some stand offs in recent years; over the past decade, the Indonesian military has bolstered its presence on and around the strategically located Natuna Islands (2025)" } }, "Space": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json index b5fd413e..c4ba8386 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json @@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; the leader of the majority party or majority coalition in the House of Representatives usually becomes prime minister" }, "election results": { @@ -1235,7 +1235,7 @@ "text": "approximately 200 Djibouti (2024)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Japan Self-Defense Force's (JSDF) primary concerns are perceived threats posed by China and North Korea; it has a range of missions, including territorial defense, monitoring the country’s air and maritime spaces, countering piracy and terrorism, and conducting humanitarian operations; it exercises regularly with the US military and increasingly with other regional countries, such as Australia

Japan’s alliance with the US (signed in 1951) is one of the cornerstones of the country’s security, as well as a large component of the US security role in Asia; approximately 55,000 US troops and other military assets, including aircraft and naval ships, are stationed in Japan and have exclusive use of more than 80 bases and facilities; in exchange for their use, the US guarantees Japan’s security; the Japanese Government provides about $2 billion per year to offset the cost of stationing US forces in Japan; in addition, it pays compensation to localities hosting US troops, rent for bases, and costs for new facilities to support the US presence; Japan also has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation

Japan was disarmed after its defeat in World War II; shortly after the Korean War began in 1950, US occupation forces in Japan created a 75,000-member lightly armed force called the National Police Reserve; the JSDF was founded in 1954; Article 9 of Japan’s 1947 constitution renounced the use of force as a means of settling international disputes; however, Japan has interpreted Article 9 to mean that it can maintain a military for national defense purposes and, since 1991, has allowed the JSDF to participate in noncombat roles overseas in a number of UN peacekeeping missions and in the US-led coalition in Iraq; in 2014-2015, the Japanese Government reinterpreted the constitution as allowing for \"collective self-defense,\" described as the use of force on others’ behalf if Japan’s security was threatened; in 2022, the government released three security policy documents that labeled China as an “unprecedented strategic challenge,” declared Japan’s intention to develop \"counterstrike” capabilities, including cruise missiles and armed drones, and outlined plans to increase Japan’s security-related expenditures to 2% of its national gross domestic product (GDP), in line with NATO standards (post-war Japan generally has limited defense spending to 1% of its GDP) (2024)" + "text": "the Japan Self-Defense Force (JSDF) has a range of missions, including territorial defense, monitoring the country’s air and maritime spaces, countering piracy and terrorism, and conducting humanitarian operations; the JSDF exercises regularly with the US military and increasingly with other regional countries, including Australia and the Philippines

Japan’s alliance with the US is one of the cornerstones of the country’s security, as well as a large component of the US security posture in Asia; the US-Japan mutual defense treaty grants the US the right to base US military forces in Japan, including aircraft and ships, in return for US security guarantees; the Japanese Government provides approximately $3 billion on average per year to offset the cost of stationing US forces in Japan; in addition, it pays compensation to localities hosting US troops, rent for bases, and costs for new facilities to support the US presence; Japan also has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation

Japan was disarmed after its defeat in World War II; shortly after the Korean War began in 1950, US occupation forces in Japan created a 75,000-member lightly armed force called the National Police Reserve; the JSDF was founded in 1954; Article 9 of Japan’s 1947 constitution renounced the use of force as a means of settling international disputes; however, Japan has interpreted Article 9 to mean that it can maintain a military for national defense purposes and, since 1991, has allowed the JSDF to participate in noncombat roles overseas in a number of UN peacekeeping missions and in the US-led coalition in Iraq; in 2014-2015, the Japanese Government reinterpreted the constitution as allowing for \"collective self-defense,\" described as the use of force on others’ behalf if Japan’s security was threatened; in 2022, the government released security policy documents that declared Japan’s intention to develop \"counterstrike” capabilities, including armed drones and cruise missiles, and outlined plans to increase Japan’s security-related expenditures to 2% of GDP (2025)" } }, "Space": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json index 4ac25b79..322c5b00 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json @@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet or Naegak members appointed by the Supreme People's Assembly, except the Minister of People's Armed Forces" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "chief of state and premier indirectly elected by the Supreme People's Assembly" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ "text": "major parties:
Korean Workers' Party or KWP (formally known as Workers' Party of Korea) 
General Association of Korean Residents in Japan (Chongryon; under KWP control) 
minor parties:
Chondoist Chongu Party (under KWP control)
Social Democratic Party or KSDP (under KWP control)" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { - "text": "none

Note:  North Korea has a Permanent Mission to the UN in New York" + "text": "none

note: North Korea has a Permanent Mission to the UN in New York" }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "embassy": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json index e931fc72..2f462b37 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json @@ -541,12 +541,12 @@ "text": "President LEE Jae-myung (since 4 June 2025)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Acting Prime Minister LEE Ju Ho (since 2 May 2025)" + "text": "Prime Minister KIM Min-seok (since 3 July 2025)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "State Council appointed by the president on the prime minister's recommendation" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a single 5-year term; prime minister appointed by president with consent of the National Assembly" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json index b2bd995a..15b3aa24 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json @@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president and approved by the National Assembly" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and vice president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for a 5-year term (no term limits); prime minister nominated by the president, elected by the National Assembly for a 5-year term" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json index a9fe64cb..024b6c9c 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json @@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Executive Council appointed by the chief executive" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president indirectly elected by National People's Congress for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); chief executive chosen by a 400-member Election Committee for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json index 8e807b0e..128f91cf 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json @@ -563,7 +563,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet directly appointed by the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "presidential candidates nominated by political parties represented in the State Great Hural and directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for one 6-year term; following legislative elections, the State Great Hural usually elects the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json index fbe539ae..fb946bc5 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json @@ -545,7 +545,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the prime minister from among members of Parliament with the consent of the king" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "king elected by and from the hereditary rulers of 9 states for a 5-year term; election is on a rotational basis among rulers of the 9 states; prime minister designated from among members of the House of Representatives; following legislative elections, the leader who has support of the majority of members in the House becomes prime minister" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json index 1263f5d0..78088892 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json @@ -545,7 +545,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "National Executive Council appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general nominated by the National Parliament and appointed by the chief of state; following legislative elections, the governor general usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister, pending a National Parliament vote" }, "election results": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json index 1218ec4e..372ae710 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json @@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president with the consent of the Commission of Appointments, an independent body of 25 Congressional members that includes the Senate president (ex officio chairman) and is appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and vice president directly elected on separate ballots by simple-majority popular vote for a single 6-year term" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ "text": "House of Representatives (Kapulungan Ng Mga Kinatawan)" }, "number of seats": { - "text": "316 (all directly elected)" + "text": "317 (all directly elected)" }, "electoral system": { "text": "mixed system" @@ -630,7 +630,7 @@ "text": "5/12/2025" }, "percentage of women in chamber": { - "text": "30.4%" + "text": "20.8%" }, "expected date of next election": { "text": "May 2028" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json index e411b408..0c8a6c32 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json @@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister; responsible to Parliament" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 6-year term (no term limits); following legislative elections, the president appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister; deputy prime ministers also appointed by the president" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ "text": "unicameral" }, "number of seats": { - "text": "104 (93 directly elected; 9 appointed)" + "text": "108 (97 directly elected; 9 appointed)" }, "electoral system": { "text": "plurality/majority" @@ -569,7 +569,7 @@ "text": "5/3/2025" }, "percentage of women in chamber": { - "text": "29.6%" + "text": "32.3%" }, "expected date of next election": { "text": "May 2030" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json index bdf55bf8..d750a2f7 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json @@ -575,14 +575,15 @@ "text": "King WACHIRALONGKON; also spelled Vajiralongkorn (since 1 December 2016)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister PHAETHONGTHAN Chinnawat; also spelled PAETONGTARN Shinawatra (since 18 August 2024)" + "text": "Interim Prime Minister PHUMTHAM Wechayachai (since 3 July 2025)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the king; a Privy Council advises the king" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister candidate approved by House of Representatives and appointed by the king" - } + }, + "note": "note: PHAETHONGTHAN Chinnawat (also spelled PAETONGTARN Shinawatra), Prime Minister since 18 August 2024, was suspended by Thailand's Constitutional Court on 1 July pending an investigation" }, "Legislative branch": { "legislature name": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json index f2b0145f..71a3620f 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json @@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers; ministers proposed to the prime minister by the coalition in the Parliament and sworn in by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); following parliamentary elections, the president appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as the prime minister" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json index f133851a..f61b0d3e 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json @@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Executive Yuan; ministers appointed by president on recommendation of premier" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by simple-majority popular vote for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); premier appointed by the president; vice premiers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the premier" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json index 1a450292..0cced497 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json @@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet proposed by the prime minister, confirmed by the National Assembly, and appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president indirectly elected by the National Assembly from among its members for a single 5-year term; prime minister recommended by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly; deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly" }, "note": "note: in August 2024, To LAM was elected general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the country’s most powerful position" diff --git a/europe/al.json b/europe/al.json index 73333eb7..f5202a20 100644 --- a/europe/al.json +++ b/europe/al.json @@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, nominated by the president, and approved by the Assembly" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president indirectly elected by the Assembly for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); a candidate needs three-fifths majority vote of the Assembly in 1 of 3 rounds or a simple majority in 2 additional rounds to become president; prime minister appointed by the president on the proposal of the majority party or coalition of parties in the Assembly" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/europe/an.json b/europe/an.json index c0a37d43..65f1fbbb 100644 --- a/europe/an.json +++ b/europe/an.json @@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Executive Council composed of head of government and 11 ministers designated by the head of government" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "head of government indirectly elected by the General Council (Andorran parliament), formally appointed by the co-princes for a 4-year term; the leader of the majority party in the General Council is usually elected head of government" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/europe/au.json b/europe/au.json index cdea3649..0bbfa89a 100644 --- a/europe/au.json +++ b/europe/au.json @@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers proposed by the chancellor and appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term); chancellor appointed by the president but determined by the majority coalition parties in the Federal Assembly; vice chancellor appointed by the president on the advice of the chancellor" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/europe/be.json b/europe/be.json index 9bd214b6..01b34cd1 100644 --- a/europe/be.json +++ b/europe/be.json @@ -563,7 +563,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers formally appointed by the monarch" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary and constitutional; following legislative elections, the monarch usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister, which the legislature approves" } }, @@ -1233,7 +1233,7 @@ "text": "Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy-Interfederal Space Agency of Belgium (BIRA-IASB; established 1964; IASB added 2017); Belgium Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "founding member of the European Space Agency (ESA), which acts as the de facto Belgian space agency as most programs are carried out under the ESA or bi-laterally with its member states; builds satellites, particularly research/science/technology and remote sensing (RS) platforms; also researches, develops, and produces a wide variety of other space technologies, including telecommunications, optics, robotics, scientific instruments, and space launch vehicle (SLV) components; supports the ESA’s SLV program with economic assistance (6% of the funding for the Ariane-5 SLV, for example), as well as legal, scientific, and technological expertise; hosts the European Space Security and Education Center (established 1968); participates in international astronomy efforts, particularly through the European Southern Observatory (ESO); participates in multiple ESA and EU space-related programs and research efforts; in addition to the ESA and EU and their individual country members, has cooperated with a variety foreign space agencies and commercial entities, including those of Argentina, China, India, Russia, South Africa, UAE, Vietnam, and the US (2024)", + "text": "founding member of the European Space Agency (ESA), which acts as the de facto Belgian space agency; builds satellites, particularly research/science/technology and remote sensing (RS) platforms; researches, develops, and produces a wide variety of space technologies, including telecommunications, optics, robotics, scientific instruments, and space launch vehicle (SLV) components; provides funding for the ESA’s SLV program, as well as legal, scientific, and technological expertise; hosts the European Space Security and Education Center (established 1968); participates in international astronomy efforts, particularly through the European Southern Observatory (ESO); in addition to the ESA members, has cooperated with a variety foreign space agencies and commercial entities, including those of Argentina, China, India, Russia, South Africa, UAE, Vietnam, and the US (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide" } }, diff --git a/europe/bk.json b/europe/bk.json index 708c0751..6b60f5c0 100644 --- a/europe/bk.json +++ b/europe/bk.json @@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers nominated by the council chairperson, approved by the state-level House of Representatives" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "3-member presidency (1 Bosniak and 1 Croat elected from the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and 1 Serb elected from the Republika Srpska) directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term but then ineligible for 4 years); the presidency chairpersonship rotates every 8 months, with the new member of the presidency elected with the highest number of votes starting the new mandate as chair; the chairperson of the Council of Ministers appointed by the presidency and confirmed by the state-level House of Representatives" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/europe/bo.json b/europe/bo.json index 11c93dc2..d64cbcc3 100644 --- a/europe/bo.json +++ b/europe/bo.json @@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (no term limits); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and approved by the National Assembly" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/europe/bu.json b/europe/bu.json index d261b828..7f782301 100644 --- a/europe/bu.json +++ b/europe/bu.json @@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, elected by the National Assembly" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and vice president elected on the same ballot by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); chairman of the Council of Ministers (prime minister) elected by the National Assembly; deputy prime ministers nominated by the prime minister, elected by the National Assembly" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/europe/cy.json b/europe/cy.json index cf8925ba..d6e10668 100644 --- a/europe/cy.json +++ b/europe/cy.json @@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (limited to 2 consecutive terms)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/europe/da.json b/europe/da.json index 0a0aad6b..6c62ce01 100644 --- a/europe/da.json +++ b/europe/da.json @@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of State appointed by the monarch" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the monarch usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister " }, "note": "note: Queen MARGRETHE II abdicated on 14 January 2024, the first Danish monarch to voluntarily abdicate since King ERIC III in 1146" @@ -679,11 +679,12 @@ }, "National heritage": { "total World Heritage Sites": { - "text": "11 (8 cultural, 3 natural); note - includes three sites in Greenland" + "text": "11 (8 cultural, 3 natural)" }, "selected World Heritage Site locales": { "text": "Denmark: Mounds, Runic Stones, and Church at Jelling (c); Roskilde Cathedral (c); Kronborg Castle (c); Wadden Sea (n); Stevns Klint (n); Christiansfeld, Moravian Church Settlement (c); Par force hunting landscape, North Zealand (c); Greenland: Ilulissat Icefjord (n); Kujataa, Norse and Inuit Farming (c); Aasivissuit–Nipisat, Inuit Hunting Ground (c); Viking-Age Ring Fortresses (c)" - } + }, + "note": "note: includes three sites in Greenland" } }, "Economy": { @@ -1169,7 +1170,7 @@ }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service for men and women; conscripts serve 11 months, including five months of basic training, followed by six months in an operational unit (2025)", - "note": "note 1: women have been able serve in all military occupations, including combat arms, since 1988; as of 2022, they made up about 9% of the military's full-time personnel; military conscription was extended to women in June 2025

note 2: Denmark has had compulsory military service since 1849; conscripts are chosen by lottery (about 4,700 were selected in 2024); conscientious objectors can choose to instead serve 6 months in a non-military position, for example in Beredskabsstyrelsen (dealing with non-military disasters like fires, flood, pollution, etc.) or overseas foreign aid work

note 3: foreigners who have lived in Denmark for at least one year or in another EU country for six years may apply to join the armed forces, provided they are fluent in Danish" + "note": "note 1: Denmark has had compulsory military service since 1849; conscripts are chosen by lottery (about 4,700 were selected in 2024); conscientious objectors can choose to instead serve 6 months in a non-military position, for example in Beredskabsstyrelsen (dealing with non-military disasters like fires, flood, pollution, etc.) or overseas foreign aid work

note 2: women have been able serve in all military occupations, including combat arms, since 1988; as of 2022, they made up about 9% of the military's full-time personnel; military conscription was extended to women in June 2025

note 3: foreigners who have lived in Denmark for at least one year or in another EU country for six years may apply to join the armed forces, provided they are fluent in Danish" }, "Military deployments": { "text": "approximately 800 Latvia (NATO); Denmark contributes small numbers of air, ground, and naval forces to a variety of other NATO and international missions (2024)" @@ -1183,7 +1184,7 @@ "text": "no formal space agency; the Ministry of Higher Education and Science has responsibility for coordinating Danish space activities managing international cooperation; the Danish Space Research Institute (Dansk Rumforskningsinstitut (DRKI) was the country’s space agency from 1966-2005; DTU Space, National Space Institute, is Denmark’s national space institute (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "a member of the European Space Agency (ESA) and fully integrated within its structure; participates in ESA programs, particularly those linked to human spaceflight and satellite-based remote sensing activities, as well as technology programs involving telecommunications and navigation; independently builds and operates satellites, particularly those with meteorological, science, technology, and signal/traffic monitoring capabilities; conducts research and development of such technologies as measurement and instrumentation systems, microwaves, remote sensing, electromagnetic systems, astrophysics, geomagnetism, etc.; in addition to cooperating with the ESA and EU, as well as bi-laterally with member states, it has relations with the space agencies and industries of Canada, India, Japan, and the US (2024)", + "text": "member of the European Space Agency (ESA); participates in ESA programs, particularly those linked to human spaceflight and satellite-based remote sensing activities, as well as technology programs involving telecommunications and navigation; independently builds and operates satellites, particularly with meteorological, science, technology, and signal/traffic monitoring capabilities; conducts research and development of technologies such as measurement and instrumentation systems, microwaves, remote sensing, electromagnetic systems, astrophysics, and geomagnetism; has relations with the space agencies and industries of Canada, India, Japan, and the US, in addition to the EU member states (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide" } }, diff --git a/europe/ee.json b/europe/ee.json index 51830393..d0d6e684 100644 --- a/europe/ee.json +++ b/europe/ee.json @@ -801,7 +801,7 @@ "text": "ESA’s spaceport is located in Kourou, French Guiana; Europe also has or is developing commercial space ports in Italy, Norway, Sweden, and the UK, as well as maritime launch capabilities with a logistics base in Germany (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "the EUSPA’s mission is to provide a link between European users and space technologies and capabilities, including remote sensing (RS), satellite navigation, and telecommunications; it is responsible for the operational management of the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) and Galileo satellite navigation programs; the EU has a space strategy, which includes encouraging investment in and the use of space services and data, fostering competition and innovation, developing space technologies, and reinforcing Europe’s autonomy in accessing space

the ESA is a comprehensive space agency and active across all areas of the space sector outside of launching humans into space, including producing and operating satellites with a full spectrum of capabilities (communications, multipurpose, navigational, RS, science/technology), satellite launch vehicles (SLVs), space launches, human space flight (has an astronaut training program), space transportation/automated transfer vehicles, re-usable spacecraft, space station modules, spacecraft components, robotic space labs, lunar/planetary surface rovers, interplanetary space probes and exploration, space telescopes, research, science, technology development, etc.; ESA also participates in international space programs such as the International Space Station and works closely with Europe’s commercial space industry; it also cooperates with a broad range of space agencies and industries of non-member countries, including China, Japan, Russia, and the US; many of its programs are conducted jointly, particularly with the US space program

Europe has a large and advanced commercial space sector capable of developing and producing a full range of capabilities and technologies; a key focus for both the ESA and EUSPA is encouraging the European commercial space sector; Europe is a global leader in satellite-based communications and hosts the headquarters of three of the world’s major satellite communications companies (2024)", + "text": "EU member states have a large and advanced commercial space sector capable of developing and producing a full range of capabilities and technologies; the EU's space capability includes two primary agencies, the European Space Agency (ESA) and the EU Agency for the Space Programme (EUSPA); a key focus for both the ESA and EUSPA is encouraging the European commercial space sector; Europe is a global leader in satellite-based communications and hosts the headquarters of three of the world’s major satellite communications companies

ESA is comprehensive space agency that is active across the sector except for launching humans into space, including producing and operating satellites with a full spectrum of capabilities (communications, multipurpose, navigational, RS, science/technology), satellite launch vehicles (SLVs), space launches, human space flight (has an astronaut training program), space transportation/automated transfer vehicles, reusable spacecraft, space station modules, spacecraft components, robotic space labs, lunar/planetary surface rovers, interplanetary space probes and exploration, space telescopes, and research; ESA participates in international space programs such as the International Space Station and works closely with Europe’s commercial space industry; it also cooperates with a broad range of space agencies and industries of non-member countries, including China, Japan, Russia, and the US; many of its programs are conducted jointly, particularly with the US space program

the EUSPA is responsible for the operational management of the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) and Galileo satellite navigation programs; the EU space strategy includes encouraging investment in and the use of space services and data, fostering competition and innovation, developing space technologies, and reinforcing Europe’s autonomy in accessing space
(2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide" } }, diff --git a/europe/ei.json b/europe/ei.json index 2a2bd2bf..5c4e93a2 100644 --- a/europe/ei.json +++ b/europe/ei.json @@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president, approved by the Dali Eireann (lower house of Parliament)" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); taoiseach (prime minister) nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann), appointed by the president" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ }, "Legislative branch - upper chamber": { "chamber name": { - "text": "Senate (Seanad Éireann - Senate)" + "text": "Senate (Seanad Éireann - Senate)" }, "number of seats": { "text": "60 (49 indirectly elected; 11 appointed)" @@ -1188,7 +1188,7 @@ "text": "130 Golan Heights (UNDOF); 325 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (2024)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "Ireland has a long-standing policy of military neutrality; however, it participates in multinational peacekeeping and humanitarian operations, as well as crisis management; Ireland is a signatory of the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy and has committed a battalion of troops to the EU’s Rapid Reaction Force; Ireland is not a member of NATO but has a relationship with it going back to 1997, when it deployed personnel in support of the NATO-led peacekeeping operation in Bosnia and Herzegovina; Ireland joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1999; it has been active in UN peacekeeping operations since the 1950s

the Irish Defense Forces trace their origins back to the Irish Volunteers, a unit established in 1913 which took part in the 1916 Easter Rising and the Irish War of Independence (1919-1921) (2024)" + "text": "the Irish Defense Forces (IDF) are responsible for external defense, assisting civil authorities upon request, participating in multinational peacekeeping and humanitarian operations, and providing for maritime security; the IDF traces its origins back to the Irish Volunteers, a unit established in 1913 which took part in the 1916 Easter Rising and the Irish War of Independence (1919-1921)

Ireland has a long-standing policy of military neutrality; however, Ireland is a signatory of the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy and has committed a battalion of troops to the EU’s Rapid Reaction Force; Ireland is not a member of NATO but has a relationship with it going back to 1997, when it deployed personnel in support of the NATO-led peacekeeping operation in Bosnia and Herzegovina; Ireland joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1999; it has been active in UN peacekeeping operations since the 1950s (2025)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/europe/en.json b/europe/en.json index 0b23eb17..70940752 100644 --- a/europe/en.json +++ b/europe/en.json @@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the prime minister, approved by Parliament" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president indirectly elected by Parliament for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); if a candidate does not secure two thirds of the votes after 3 rounds of balloting, then an electoral college consisting of Parliament members and local council members elects the president, choosing between the 2 candidates with the most votes; if a president is still not elected, the process begins again; prime minister nominated by the president and approved by Parliament" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/europe/ez.json b/europe/ez.json index b4a556e0..970a5bc3 100644 --- a/europe/ez.json +++ b/europe/ez.json @@ -548,7 +548,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (limited to 2 consecutive terms); prime minister appointed by the president for a 4-year term" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/europe/fi.json b/europe/fi.json index 8e4d2eed..59621fce 100644 --- a/europe/fi.json +++ b/europe/fi.json @@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of State or Valtioneuvosto appointed by the president, responsible to Parliament" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by Parliament" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/europe/fo.json b/europe/fo.json index 1bbf3903..31aec4a7 100644 --- a/europe/fo.json +++ b/europe/fo.json @@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Landsstyri appointed by the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; high commissioner appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the Parliament usually elects the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as the prime minister" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/europe/fr.json b/europe/fr.json index 4f52d45a..b0f81463 100644 --- a/europe/fr.json +++ b/europe/fr.json @@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president at the suggestion of the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/europe/gi.json b/europe/gi.json index 02cff053..2c3cee8c 100644 --- a/europe/gi.json +++ b/europe/gi.json @@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed from among the 17 elected members of Parliament by the governor, in consultation with the chief minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the governor usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as chief minister" } }, diff --git a/europe/gk.json b/europe/gk.json index dab157ef..42f10397 100644 --- a/europe/gk.json +++ b/europe/gk.json @@ -385,22 +385,22 @@ "text": "King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Lieutenant-Governor Richard CRIPWELL (since 15 February 2022)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Chief Minister Lyndon TROTT (since 13 December 2023)" + "text": "Chief Minister Lindsay de SAUSMAREZ (since 1 July 2025)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "none" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; lieutenant governor and bailiff appointed by the monarch; chief minister, who is the president of the Policy and Resources Committee, indirectly elected by the States of Deliberation for a 4-year term" }, "most recent election date": { - "text": "7 October 2020" + "text": "7/1/2025" }, "election results": { - "text": "
2020: Peter FERBRACHE (independent) elected president of the Policy and Resources Committee and chief minister: percent of States of Guernsey vote - 57.5%

2016: Gavin ST. PIER (independent) elected president of the Policy and Resources Committee and chief minister" + "text": "2025: Lindsay de SAUSMAREZ (independent) elected president of the Policy and Resources Committee and chief minister

2020: Peter FERBRACHE (independent) elected president of the Policy and Resources Committee and chief minister: percent of States of Guernsey vote - 57.5%

2016: Gavin ST. PIER (independent) elected president of the Policy and Resources Committee and chief minister" }, "expected date of next election": { - "text": "2024" + "text": "2029" }, "note": "note: the chief minister is the president of the Policy and Resources Committee and is the de facto head of government; the Policy and Resources Committee, elected by the States of Deliberation, functions as the executive; the 5 members all have equal voting rights" }, @@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ "text": "unicameral" }, "number of seats": { - "text": "40 (directly elected)" + "text": "38 (directly elected)" }, "electoral system": { "text": "plurality/majority" @@ -424,16 +424,16 @@ "text": "4 years" }, "most recent election date": { - "text": "10/7/2020" + "text": "7/1/2025" }, "parties elected and seats per party": { - "text": "GPI (10); GP (6); independent (22); States of Alderney (2)" + "text": "independent (35); Forward Guernsey (3)" }, "percentage of women in chamber": { "text": "20%" }, "expected date of next election": { - "text": "June 2025" + "text": "2030" }, "note": "note: non-voting members include the bailiff (presiding officer), attorney-general, and solicitor-general" }, @@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ "note": "note: appeals beyond Guernsey courts are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)" }, "Political parties": { - "text": "Alliance Party Guernsey or APG 
Guernsey Partnership of Independents or GPI 
Guernsey Party or GP " + "text": "Forward Guernsey " }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "text": "none (British crown dependency)" diff --git a/europe/gm.json b/europe/gm.json index 4c350f94..4d1e8176 100644 --- a/europe/gm.json +++ b/europe/gm.json @@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) recommended by the chancellor, appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president indirectly elected by a Federal Convention consisting of all members of the Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and an equivalent number of delegates indirectly elected by the state parliaments; president serves a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); following the most recent Federal Parliament election, the party or coalition with the most representatives usually elects the chancellor, who is appointed by the president to serve a renewable 4-year term" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/europe/gr.json b/europe/gr.json index 4751f67d..09bde7d3 100644 --- a/europe/gr.json +++ b/europe/gr.json @@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president elected by Hellenic Parliament for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); president appoints as prime minister the leader of the majority party or coalition in the Hellenic Parliament" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/europe/hr.json b/europe/hr.json index d39e379a..d41d53d2 100644 --- a/europe/hr.json +++ b/europe/hr.json @@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and approved by the Assembly" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president and approved by the Assembly" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/europe/hu.json b/europe/hu.json index 2ed500ac..76aeeca9 100644 --- a/europe/hu.json +++ b/europe/hu.json @@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet of Ministers proposed by the prime minister and appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president indirectly elected by the National Assembly with two-thirds majority vote in first round or simple majority vote in second round for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -1174,17 +1174,17 @@ "note": "note: in 2017, Hungary announced plans to increase the number of active soldiers to around 37,000 but did not give a timeline" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the HDF has a mix of Soviet-era and more modern, Western equipment from such countries as Germany, France, Sweden, and the US; in 2017, Budapest launched a modernization program known as Zrinyi 2026, which was aimed at replacing its Soviet-era weaponry with modern systems, and increasing Hungary’s defense expenditure to 2% of GDP by 2024, in line with NATO spending targets  (2024)" + "text": "the HDF has a mix of Soviet-era and more modern, Western equipment from such countries as Germany, France, Sweden, and the US; in 2017, Budapest launched a modernization program aimed at replacing its Soviet-era weaponry with modern systems; Hungary has also placed emphasis on building up its s defense industrial capacity  (2024)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (abolished 2005); 6-month service obligation (2023)", "note": "note: as of 2021, women comprised over 20% of Hungary's full-time military personnel" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "150 Bosnia-Herzegovina (EUFOR stabilization force); 150 Iraq (NATO); 410 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); note - Hungary has small numbers of troops on several UN missions (2024)" + "text": "250 Bosnia-Herzegovina (EUFOR stabilization force); 200 Chad; 365 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR) (2025)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Hungarian Defense Forces (HDF) are responsible for ensuring the defense of the country’s sovereignty, territorial integrity, and citizens, and fulfilling Hungary’s commitments to the EU and NATO, as well as contributing to other international peacekeeping efforts under the UN; the HDF is also responsible for some aspects of domestic security, crisis management, disaster response, and assisting law enforcement forces in border security; Hungary’s most recent national security strategy addressed migration as an important security concern, alongside other issues, such as great power competition and cyber security; modernizing the HDF by replacing Soviet-era equipment with Western systems and building up Hungary’s defense industrial capacity has been a priority over the past decade

Hungary has been a member of NATO since 1999 and considers the collective defense ensured within the Alliance as a cornerstone of the country’s security; NATO membership is complemented by Hungary’s ties to the EU under its Common Security and Defense Policy; the HDF has participated in multiple NATO-led security missions, including in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Kosovo, as well as EU-led missions in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Mali; it hosts a NATO battlegroup comprised of troops from Croatia, Hungary, Italy, and the US, and NATO’s Multinational Division Center, a headquarters capable of commanding a division-sized force (typically 15-20,000 troops) in a crisis; both organizations were established as a result of Russian aggression against Ukraine; Hungary also hosts NATO’s Center of Excellence for Military Medicine; Hungary is a member of the Visegrad Group, a regional platform that brings together Czechia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia to discuss cultural, defense, and political cooperation (2024)" + "text": "the Hungarian Defense Forces (HDF) are responsible for ensuring the defense of the country’s sovereignty, territorial integrity, and citizens, and fulfilling Hungary’s commitments to the EU and NATO, as well as contributing to other international peacekeeping efforts under the UN; key areas of concern for the HDF the HDF is also responsible for some aspects of domestic security, crisis management, disaster response, and assisting law enforcement forces in border security

Hungary has been a member of NATO since 1999 and considers the collective defense ensured within the Alliance as a cornerstone of the country’s security; NATO membership is complemented by Hungary’s ties to the EU under its Common Security and Defense Policy; the HDF has participated in multiple NATO-led security missions, including in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Kosovo, as well as EU-led missions in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Mali; it hosts a NATO battlegroup comprised of troops from Croatia, Hungary, Italy, and the US, and NATO’s Multinational Division Center, a headquarters capable of commanding a division-sized force (typically 15-20,000 troops) in a crisis; both organizations were established as a result of Russian aggression against Ukraine; Hungary is a member of the Visegrad Group, a regional platform that brings together Czechia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia to discuss cultural, defense, and political cooperation (2025)" } }, "Space": { diff --git a/europe/ic.json b/europe/ic.json index 53ba1fda..84da18b6 100644 --- a/europe/ic.json +++ b/europe/ic.json @@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president upon the recommendation of the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 4-year term (no term limits); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition becomes prime minister" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -1071,7 +1071,7 @@ "text": "the Icelandic Coast Guard's inventory consists of equipment from mostly European suppliers (2024)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "Iceland was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949; Iceland is the only NATO member that has no standing military force; defense of Iceland remains a NATO commitment and NATO maintains an air policing presence in Icelandic airspace; Iceland participates in international peacekeeping missions with the civilian-manned Icelandic Crisis Response Unit (ICRU)

Iceland cooperates with the militaries of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; areas of cooperation include armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations; NORDEFCO was established in 2009

in 1951, Iceland and the US concluded an agreement to make arrangements regarding the defense of Iceland and for the use of facilities in Iceland to that end; the agreement, along with NATO membership, is one of the two pillars of Iceland‘s security policy; since 2007 Iceland has concluded cooperation agreements with Canada, Denmark, Norway, and the UK; it also has regular consultations with Germany and France on security and defense (2025)" + "text": "Iceland was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949; Iceland is the only NATO member that has no standing military force; defense of Iceland remains a NATO commitment and NATO maintains an air policing presence in Icelandic airspace; Iceland participates in international peacekeeping missions with the civilian-manned Icelandic Crisis Response Unit (ICRU)

Iceland cooperates with the militaries of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO, established 2009), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; areas of cooperation include armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations

in 1951, Iceland and the US concluded an agreement to make arrangements regarding the defense of Iceland and for the use of facilities in Iceland to that end; the agreement, along with NATO membership, is one of the two pillars of Iceland‘s security policy; since 2007 Iceland has concluded cooperation agreements with Canada, Denmark, Norway, and the UK which entail dialogue on security and defense issues as well as situational awareness and search and rescue; it also has regular consultations with Germany and France  (2025)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/europe/im.json b/europe/im.json index 593d2c7a..01519064 100644 --- a/europe/im.json +++ b/europe/im.json @@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the lieutenant governor" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; lieutenant governor appointed by the monarch; chief minister indirectly elected by the Tynwald for a 5-year term (eligible for second term)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/europe/it.json b/europe/it.json index 8b935b77..32a6f5ad 100644 --- a/europe/it.json +++ b/europe/it.json @@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, who is known officially as the President of the Council of Ministers and locally as the premier; nominated by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of both houses of Parliament and 58 regional representatives for a 7-year term (no term limits); prime minister appointed by the president, confirmed by parliament" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -1233,7 +1233,7 @@ "note": "note 1: Italy has about 11,500 total air, ground, and naval forces deployed on foreign missions

note 2: since 1960, Italy has committed more than 60,000 troops to UN missions, and it hosts a training center in Vicenza for police personnel destined for peacekeeping missions" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Italian military is responsible for Italy’s national defense and security and fulfilling the country’s commitments to the EU, NATO, and the UN; it also has some domestic security duties; for example, the Army has provided troops for guarding public buildings and for more than a decade several thousand Army and Carabinieri personnel have been deployed domestically to support the National Police as part of a government effort to curb crime in various Italian cities 

Italy has been an active member of NATO since its founding in 1948, and the Alliance is a cornerstone of Rome’s national security strategy; it is a strong supporter of European/EU defense cooperation and integration; Italy is a frequent participant in EU, NATO, UN, and other multinational military, security, and humanitarian operations; key areas of emphasis for Italy’s security policy and multinational cooperation are NATO/Europe’s eastern and southern flanks, including the Mediterranean Sea, East and North Africa, and the Middle East and its adjacent waters

Italy is one of NATO’s leading contributors of military forces and participates in such missions as NATO’s Air Policing in the Baltics, the Enhanced Forward Presence in Eastern Europe, and maritime patrols in the Mediterranean and beyond; it hosts NATO’s Joint Force Command in Naples and a NATO Rapid Deployable Corps headquarters in Milan, as well as the headquarters for the EU’s Mediterranean naval operations force in Rome; in addition, Italy has close defense ties with the US and hosts several US military air, army, and naval bases and facilities (2024)" + "text": "the Italian military is responsible for Italy’s national defense and security and fulfilling the country’s commitments to the EU, NATO, the UN, and other multinational military, security, and humanitarian operations; it also has some domestic security duties; key areas of emphasis for Italy’s security policy and multinational cooperation are Europe’s eastern and southern flanks, including the Mediterranean Sea, East and North Africa, and the Middle East and its adjacent waters

Italy has been an active member of NATO since its founding in 1948, and the Alliance is a cornerstone of Rome’s national security strategy; it is one of NATO’s leading contributors of military forces and participates in such Alliance missions as Air Policing in the Baltics, the Enhanced Forward Presence in Eastern Europe, and maritime patrols in the Mediterranean and beyond; it hosts NATO’s Joint Force Command in Naples and a NATO Rapid Deployable Corps headquarters in Milan 

Italy is also active in European/EU defense cooperation and integration, including hosting the headquarters for the EU’s Mediterranean naval operations force in Rome; in addition, Italy has close defense ties with the US and hosts several US military air, army, and naval bases and facilities (2025)" } }, "Space": { diff --git a/europe/je.json b/europe/je.json index 73b6aa5e..56809a1c 100644 --- a/europe/je.json +++ b/europe/je.json @@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed individually by the states" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; Council of Ministers, including the chief minister, indirectly elected by the Assembly of States; lieutenant governor and bailiff appointed by the monarch" } }, diff --git a/europe/kv.json b/europe/kv.json index a71a4080..2e08f559 100644 --- a/europe/kv.json +++ b/europe/kv.json @@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet elected by the Assembly" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president indirectly elected for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term) by at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly; if a candidate does not reach this threshold in the first two ballots, the candidate winning a simple majority vote in the third ballot is elected; prime minister indirectly elected by the Assembly" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/europe/lg.json b/europe/lg.json index a6652f81..05fbfce9 100644 --- a/europe/lg.json +++ b/europe/lg.json @@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, appointed by Parliament" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president indirectly elected by Parliament for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president, confirmed by Parliament" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/europe/lh.json b/europe/lh.json index 89161b88..cb5f7d87 100644 --- a/europe/lh.json +++ b/europe/lh.json @@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president, approved by Parliament" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president, approved by Parliament" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/europe/lo.json b/europe/lo.json index 152640c7..d9095b8b 100644 --- a/europe/lo.json +++ b/europe/lo.json @@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); following National Council elections, the president designates a prime minister candidate, usually the leader of the party or coalition that wins the most votes, who must win a vote of confidence in the National Council" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/europe/ls.json b/europe/ls.json index d0932fcd..f10f0772 100644 --- a/europe/ls.json +++ b/europe/ls.json @@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet elected by the Parliament, confirmed by the monarch" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the monarch usually appoints the leader of the majority party in Parliament as the head of government, and also appoints the leader of the largest minority party in Parliament as the deputy head of government if there is a coalition government" }, "note": "note: the prince's successor is his son, Heir Apparent and Regent of Liechtenstein Prince ALOIS; on 15 August 2004, HANS-ADAM II transferred the official duties of the ruling prince to ALOIS, but Prince HANS-ADAM II retains the status of chief of state" diff --git a/europe/lu.json b/europe/lu.json index 64005d59..6660ff78 100644 --- a/europe/lu.json +++ b/europe/lu.json @@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers recommended by the prime minister, appointed by the monarch" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following elections to the Chamber of Deputies, monarch usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister; deputy prime minister also appointed by the monarch; prime minister and deputy prime minister are responsible to the Chamber of Deputies" } }, diff --git a/europe/md.json b/europe/md.json index 055f9856..2feb1ca2 100644 --- a/europe/md.json +++ b/europe/md.json @@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet proposed by the prime minister-designate, nominated by the president, approved through a vote of confidence in Parliament" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister designated by the president in consultation with Parliament; within 15 days from designation, the prime minister-designate must request a vote of confidence for his/her proposed work program from the Parliament" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ "text": "40%" }, "expected date of next election": { - "text": "July 2025" + "text": "September 2025" } }, "Judicial branch": { diff --git a/europe/mj.json b/europe/mj.json index fea713fb..90d4a680 100644 --- a/europe/mj.json +++ b/europe/mj.json @@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "ministers serve as the cabinet" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister nominated by the president, approved by the Assembly" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/europe/mk.json b/europe/mk.json index 690995af..d08c7c0a 100644 --- a/europe/mk.json +++ b/europe/mk.json @@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers elected by the Assembly by simple majority vote" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected using a modified 2-round system; a candidate can only be elected in the first round with an absolute majority from all registered voters; in the second round, voter turnout must be at least 40% for the result to be valid; president elected for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); following legislative elections, the Assembly usually elects the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/europe/mn.json b/europe/mn.json index 9d1e78e0..8999d047 100644 --- a/europe/mn.json +++ b/europe/mn.json @@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Government under the authority of the monarch" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government" } }, diff --git a/europe/mt.json b/europe/mt.json index 774d7450..efea247b 100644 --- a/europe/mt.json +++ b/europe/mt.json @@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president indirectly elected by the House of Representatives for a single 5-year term; following legislative elections, the president usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister for a 5-year term; deputy prime minister appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/europe/nl.json b/europe/nl.json index 51ed1a3d..f864fc4f 100644 --- a/europe/nl.json +++ b/europe/nl.json @@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following Second Chamber elections, the monarch usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister; deputy prime ministers are also appointed by the monarch" }, "note": "note: Prime Minister Dick SCHOOF resigned on 3 June 2025 after a party withdrew from his governing coalition, but he will continue in a caretaker capacity until new elections are held, probably in the fall of 2025" @@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ "text": "39.3%" }, "expected date of next election": { - "text": "November 2027" + "text": "October 2025" } }, "Legislative branch - upper chamber": { diff --git a/europe/no.json b/europe/no.json index c85f0879..10ea884e 100644 --- a/europe/no.json +++ b/europe/no.json @@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of State appointed by the monarch, approved by Parliament" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the monarch usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister, with the approval of Parliament" } }, diff --git a/europe/pl.json b/europe/pl.json index ff722bea..c1f7e6e6 100644 --- a/europe/pl.json +++ b/europe/pl.json @@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president, and approved by the Sejm" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister, deputy prime ministers, and Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm; all presidential candidates resign their party affiliation" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/europe/po.json b/europe/po.json index b544b1a1..1b882ae2 100644 --- a/europe/po.json +++ b/europe/po.json @@ -548,7 +548,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); following legislative elections, the president usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -584,8 +584,11 @@ "most recent election date": { "text": "5/18/2025" }, + "parties elected and seats per party": { + "text": "Social Democratic Party (PPD/PSD) - Democratic and Social Centre - People's Party (CDS-PP) (88); Chega (CH) (60); Socialist Party (PS) (58); Other (24)" + }, "percentage of women in chamber": { - "text": "34.8%" + "text": "33.5%" }, "expected date of next election": { "text": "September 2029" diff --git a/europe/ri.json b/europe/ri.json index 5ef9664b..30cd5ac6 100644 --- a/europe/ri.json +++ b/europe/ri.json @@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet elected by the National Assembly" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister elected by the National Assembly" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/europe/ro.json b/europe/ro.json index 9a607456..2f3de095 100644 --- a/europe/ro.json +++ b/europe/ro.json @@ -571,7 +571,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president with consent of Parliament" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/europe/si.json b/europe/si.json index 23572442..302f2a54 100644 --- a/europe/si.json +++ b/europe/si.json @@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, elected by the National Assembly" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second consecutive term); following National Assembly elections, the president usually nominates the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister, and the National Assembly elects the nominee" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/europe/sm.json b/europe/sm.json index ca394db6..cba05747 100644 --- a/europe/sm.json +++ b/europe/sm.json @@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Congress of State elected by the Grand and General Council" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/europe/sp.json b/europe/sp.json index f2ba69dd..1dc14c14 100644 --- a/europe/sp.json +++ b/europe/sp.json @@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers designated by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the monarch usually proposes as president the leader of the majority party or coalition, who is then indirectly elected by the Congress of Deputies; vice president and Council of Ministers appointed by the president" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/europe/sv.json b/europe/sv.json index fd85ad6c..ff04cd43 100644 --- a/europe/sv.json +++ b/europe/sv.json @@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ "head of government": { "text": "Governor Lars FAUSE (since 24 June 2021)" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor and assistant governor responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice" } }, diff --git a/europe/sw.json b/europe/sw.json index 39658bc2..3f5f8ae2 100644 --- a/europe/sw.json +++ b/europe/sw.json @@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually becomes the prime minister" } }, diff --git a/europe/sz.json b/europe/sz.json index 5b077837..8deb7e7c 100644 --- a/europe/sz.json +++ b/europe/sz.json @@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Federal Council or Bundesrat (in German), Conseil Federal (in French), Consiglio Federale (in Italian) indirectly elected by the Federal Assembly for a 4-year term" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and vice president elected by the Federal Assembly from among members of the Federal Council for a 1-year, non-consecutive term" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/europe/uk.json b/europe/uk.json index c5c77e0d..ebc84969 100644 --- a/europe/uk.json +++ b/europe/uk.json @@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually becomes the prime minister" }, "note": "note 1: in addition to serving as the UK head of state, the British sovereign is the constitutional monarch for 14 additional Commonwealth countries (each referred to as a \"Commonwealth realm\")

note 2: King CHARLES III succeeded his mother, Queen ELIZABETH II, after serving as Prince of Wales (heir apparent) for over 64 years -- the longest such tenure in British history" diff --git a/europe/up.json b/europe/up.json index 73806373..8f3281bd 100644 --- a/europe/up.json +++ b/europe/up.json @@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, approved by the Verkhovna Rada" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister selected by the Verkhovna Rada" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/europe/vt.json b/europe/vt.json index 92709de9..1d6df70e 100644 --- a/europe/vt.json +++ b/europe/vt.json @@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City appointed by the pope" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "pope elected by the College of Cardinals, usually for life or until voluntary resignation; Secretary of State appointed by the pope" }, "election results": { diff --git a/middle-east/ae.json b/middle-east/ae.json index 914d20a7..e5d5a58a 100644 --- a/middle-east/ae.json +++ b/middle-east/ae.json @@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers announced by the prime minister and approved by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and vice president indirectly elected by the Federal Supreme Council -- composed of the rulers of the 7 emirates -- for a 5-year term (no term limits);  prime minister appointed by the president" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/middle-east/aj.json b/middle-east/aj.json index 5191012e..ec20042d 100644 --- a/middle-east/aj.json +++ b/middle-east/aj.json @@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds (if needed) for a 7-year term; a single individual is eligible for unlimited terms; prime minister and first deputy prime minister appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -1136,7 +1136,7 @@ "text": "Azerbaijan National Aerospace Agency (NASA; Azərbaycan Milli Aerokosmik Agentliyi, MAKA; established in 1992 from the Kaspiy Scientific Center, established 1974); Space Agency of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azercosmos; established 2010 as a state-owned satellite operating company) (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "national space program largely focused on the acquisition and operation of satellites; operates foreign-built communications and remote sensing (RS) satellites; has two satellite ground control stations; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and commercial entities, including those of China, the European Space Agency (and individual member states such as France), Israel, Russia, Turkey, and the US; Azercosmos is the largest satellite operator in the Caucasus region (2024)", + "text": "national space program largely focused on the acquisition and operation of satellites; operates foreign-built communications and remote sensing (RS) satellites; has two satellite ground-control stations; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and commercial entities, including those of China, the European Space Agency (and individual member states such as France), Israel, Russia, Turkey, and the US; Azercosmos is the largest satellite operator in the Caucasus region (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide" } }, diff --git a/middle-east/am.json b/middle-east/am.json index 8896c603..d5cb90b5 100644 --- a/middle-east/am.json +++ b/middle-east/am.json @@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president indirectly elected by the National Assembly in 3 rounds, if needed, for a single 7-year term; prime minister indirectly elected by majority vote in two rounds, if needed, by the National Assembly" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/middle-east/ba.json b/middle-east/ba.json index 0e0da956..5a3c5562 100644 --- a/middle-east/ba.json +++ b/middle-east/ba.json @@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the monarch" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch" } }, @@ -1138,7 +1138,7 @@ "text": "Bahrain National Space Science Agency (NSSA; established 2014) (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "space program in nascent stages and is focused on developing the capabilities to build and operate satellites; the NSSA’s mission includes promoting space science, technology, and research, building capacity in the fields of satellite manufacturing, tracking, control, data processing and analysis, and remote sensing, developing space-related programs and space policy, and facilitating international cooperation; cooperates with a variety of foreign agencies and commercial entities, including those of India, Italy, Japan, Saudi Arabia, the UK, the UAE, and the US; also a member of the Arab Space Coordination Group, established by the UAE in 2019 (2024)", + "text": "has a space program in nascent stages and is developing the capabilities to build and operate satellites; the mission includes 1.) promoting space science, technology, and research, 2.) building capacity in the fields of satellite manufacturing, tracking, control, data processing and analysis, and remote sensing, 3.) developing space-related programs and space policy, and 4.) facilitating international cooperation; cooperates with a variety of foreign agencies and commercial entities, including those of India, Italy, Japan, Saudi Arabia, the UK, the UAE, and the US; also a member of the Arab Space Coordination Group (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide" } }, diff --git a/middle-east/gg.json b/middle-east/gg.json index 415933f3..01fbe104 100644 --- a/middle-east/gg.json +++ b/middle-east/gg.json @@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet of Ministers" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president elected by a 300-member College of Electors; prime minister nominated by Parliament, appointed by the president" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/middle-east/ir.json b/middle-east/ir.json index cbee72ee..0e25a3e8 100644 --- a/middle-east/ir.json +++ b/middle-east/ir.json @@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers selected by the president with legislative approval; the supreme leader has some control over appointments to several ministries" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "supreme leader appointed for life by Assembly of Experts; president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term and an additional nonconsecutive term)" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ "text": "Combatant Clergy Association (an active political group)
Executives of Construction Party
Front of Islamic Revolutionary Stability
Islamic Coalition Party
Progress and Justice Population of Islamic Iran
Militant Clerics Society (Majma-e Ruhaniyoun-e Mobarez) or MRM
Moderation and Development Party
National Trust Party (Hezb-e E'temad-eMelli) or HEM
Progress and Justice Society
Union of Islamic Iran People's Party (Hezb-e Ettehad-e Iran-e Eslami)" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { - "text": "none 

Note:  Iran has an Interests Section in the Pakistani Embassy; address: Iranian Interests Section, Embassy of Pakistan, 1250 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC 20037; telephone: [1] (202) 965-4990; FAX [1] (202) 965-1073; email:  requests@daftar.org; info@daftarwashington.com; website:  https://daftar.org/" + "text": "none 

note: Iran has an Interests Section in the Pakistani Embassy; address: Iranian Interests Section, Embassy of Pakistan, 1250 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC 20037; telephone: [1] (202) 965-4990; FAX [1] (202) 965-1073; email:  requests@daftar.org; info@daftarwashington.com; website:  https://daftar.org/" }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "embassy": { @@ -1142,8 +1142,8 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "the military forces of Iran are divided between the Islamic Republic of Iran Regular Forces (Artesh) and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC or Sepah):

Artesh: Ground Forces, Navy (includes marines), Air Force, Air Defense Forces

IRGC: Ground Forces, Navy (includes marines), Aerospace Force (controls strategic missile force), Qods Force (aka Quds Force; special operations), Cyber Electronic Command, Basij Paramilitary Forces

Ministry of Interior: Law Enforcement Command

Ministry of Intelligence and Security (2024)", - "note": "note 1: the Artesh Navy operates Iran’s larger warships and operates in the Gulf of Oman, the Caspian Sea, and deep waters in the region and beyond; the IRGC Navy has responsibility for the closer-in waters of the Persian Gulf and Strait of Hormuz

note 2: the Basij is a volunteer paramilitary group under the IRGC with local organizations across the country, which sometimes acts as an auxiliary law enforcement unit for the IRGC; it is formally known as the Organization for the Mobilization of the Oppressed and also known as the Popular Mobilization Army

note 3: the Ministry of Intelligence and Security and law enforcement forces under the Interior Ministry, which report to the president, and the IRGC, which reports to the supreme leader, share responsibility for law enforcement and maintaining order

note 4: the Law Enforcement Command (FARAJA) is the uniformed police of Iran and includes branches for public security, traffic control, anti-narcotics, special forces (riot control, counterterrorism, hostage rescue, etc), intelligence, and criminal investigations; it has responsibility for border security (Border Guard Command)" + "text": "the military forces of Iran are divided between the Islamic Republic of Iran Regular Forces (Artesh) and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC or Sepah):

Artesh: Ground Forces, Navy (includes marines), Air Force, Air Defense Forces

IRGC: Ground Forces, Navy (includes marines), Aerospace Force (controls strategic missile force), Qods Force (aka Quds Force; special operations), Cyber Electronic Command, Basij Paramilitary Forces

Ministry of Interior: Law Enforcement Command (FARAJA)

Ministry of Intelligence and Security (2025)", + "note": "note 1: the Artesh primarily focuses on defending Iran’s borders and territorial waters from external threats, while the IRGC has a broader mission to defend the Iranian revolution from any foreign or domestic threat

note 2: the Artesh Navy operates Iran’s larger warships and operates in the Gulf of Oman, the Caspian Sea, and deep waters in the region and beyond; the IRGC Navy has responsibility for the closer-in waters of the Persian Gulf and Strait of Hormuz

note 3: the Basij is a volunteer paramilitary group, which sometimes acts as an auxiliary law enforcement unit for the IRGC; it is formally known as the Organization for the Mobilization of the Oppressed and also known as the Popular Mobilization Army

note 4: the Ministry of Intelligence and Security and law enforcement forces under the Interior Ministry, which report to the president, and the IRGC, which reports to the supreme leader, share responsibility for law enforcement and maintaining order

note 5: the FARAJA is the uniformed police of Iran; it includes branches for public security, traffic control, anti-narcotics, special forces (riot control, counterterrorism, hostage rescue, etc), intelligence, and criminal investigations; the FARAJA also has responsibility for border security (Border Guard Command)" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2024": { @@ -1176,7 +1176,7 @@ "text": "note: Iran maintained a military presence in Syria and recruited, trained, and funded thousands of Syrian and foreign fighters to support the ASAD regime during the Syrian civil war (2011-December 2024)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) was formed in May 1979 in the immediate aftermath of Shah Mohammad Reza PAHLAVI’s fall, as leftists, nationalists, and Islamists jockeyed for power; while the interim prime minister controlled the government and state institutions, such as the Army, followers of Ayatollah Ruhollah KHOMEINI organized counterweights, including the IRGC, to protect the Islamic revolution; the IRGC’s command structure bypassed the elected president and went directly to KHOMEINI; the IRGC played a critical role in helping KHOMEINI consolidate power in the aftermath of the 1979 revolution, and it ensured that KHOMEINI's Islamic revolutionary vision prevailed against domestic challenges from nationalists and leftist factions in the scramble for control after the Shah's departure

the Iran-Iraq War (1980–88) transformed the IRGC into more of a conventional fighting force with its own ground, air, naval, and special forces, plus control over Iran’s strategic missile and rocket forces; today, the IRGC is a highly institutionalized and parallel military force to Iran’s regular armed forces (Artesh); it is heavily involved in internal security and has significant influence in the political and economic spheres of Iranian society, as well as Iran’s foreign policy; on the economic front, it owns factories and corporations and subsidiaries in banking, infrastructure, housing, airlines, tourism and other sectors; its special operations forces, known as the Qods/Quds Force, specialize in foreign missions and have provided advice, funding, guidance, material support, training, and weapons to militants in countries such as Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, and Yemen, as well as extremist groups, including HAMAS, Hizballah, Kata’ib Hizballah, and Palestine Islamic Jihad; the Qods Force also conducts intelligence and reconnaissance operations; note - both the IRGC and the Qods Force have been designated as foreign terrorist organizations by the US 

the Supreme Council for National Security (SCNS) is the senior-most body for formulating Iran’s foreign and security policy; it is formally chaired by the president, who also appoints the SCNS secretary; its members include the speaker of the Majles, the head of the judiciary, the chief of the Armed Forces General Staff (chief of defense or CHOD), the commanders of the Artesh (regular forces) and IRGC, and the ministers of defense, foreign affairs, interior, and intelligence; the SCNS reports to the supreme leader; the supreme leader is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces

the Iranian Armed Forces are divided between the regular forces (Artesh) and the IRGC; the Artesh primarily focuses on defending Iran’s borders and territorial waters from external threats, while the IRGC has a broader mission to defend the Iranian revolution from any foreign or domestic threat; in 1989, Iran established the Armed Forces General Staff to coordinate military action across both the Artesh and the IRGC; Iran also has a joint military headquarters, the Khatam ol-Anbia Central Headquarters, to command the Artesh and IRGC in wartime (2024)" + "text": "the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) was formed in May 1979 in the immediate aftermath of Shah Mohammad Reza PAHLAVI’s fall, as leftists, nationalists, and Islamists jockeyed for power; while the interim prime minister controlled the government and state institutions, such as the Army, followers of Ayatollah Ruhollah KHOMEINI organized counterweights, including the IRGC, to protect the Islamic revolution; the IRGC’s command structure bypassed the elected president and went directly to KHOMEINI; the IRGC played a critical role in helping KHOMEINI consolidate power in the aftermath of the 1979 revolution, and it ensured that KHOMEINI's Islamic revolutionary vision prevailed against domestic challenges from nationalists and leftist factions in the scramble for control after the Shah's departure

the Iran-Iraq War (1980–88) transformed the IRGC into more of a conventional fighting force with its own ground, air, naval, and special forces, plus control over Iran’s strategic missile and rocket forces; today, the IRGC is a highly institutionalized and parallel military force to Iran’s regular armed forces (Artesh); it is involved in internal security and has influence in the political and economic spheres of Iranian society, as well as Iran’s foreign policy; on the economic front, it owns factories and corporations and subsidiaries in banking, infrastructure, housing, airlines, tourism and other sectors; its special operations forces, known as the Qods/Quds Force, specialize in foreign missions and have provided advice, funding, guidance, material support, training, and weapons to militants in countries such as Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, and Yemen, as well as extremist groups, including HAMAS, Hizballah, Kata’ib Hizballah, and Palestine Islamic Jihad; the Qods Force also conducts intelligence and reconnaissance operations; note - both the IRGC and the Qods Force have been designated as foreign terrorist organizations by the US (see Terrorist Organizations under References)

the Supreme Council for National Security (SCNS) is the senior-most body for formulating Iran’s foreign and security policy; it is formally chaired by the president, who also appoints the SCNS secretary; its members include the speaker of the Majles, the head of the judiciary, the chief of the Armed Forces General Staff (chief of defense or CHOD), the commanders of the Artesh (regular forces) and IRGC, and the ministers of defense, foreign affairs, interior, and intelligence; the SCNS reports to the supreme leader; the supreme leader is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces

the Iranian Armed Forces are divided between the regular forces (Artesh) and the IRGC; the Artesh primarily focuses on defending Iran’s borders and territorial waters from external threats, while the IRGC has a broader mission to defend the Iranian revolution from any foreign or domestic threat; in 1989, Iran established the Armed Forces General Staff to coordinate military action across both the Artesh and the IRGC; Iran also has a joint military headquarters, the Khatam ol-Anbia Central Headquarters, to command the Artesh and IRGC in wartime (2024)" } }, "Space": { diff --git a/middle-east/is.json b/middle-east/is.json index be1738ea..dc7994ef 100644 --- a/middle-east/is.json +++ b/middle-east/is.json @@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet selected by prime minister and approved by the Knesset" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president indirectly elected by the Knesset for a single 7-year term; following legislative elections, the president, in consultation with party leaders, tasks a Knesset member (usually the member of the largest party) with forming a new government" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ } }, "Political parties": { - "text": "Balad
Blue and White
Hadash
Jewish Power (Otzma Yehudit)
Labor Party or HaAvoda
Likud
Meretz
National Unity (alliance includes Blue and White and New Hope)
New Hope
Noam
Religious Zionism (election alliance of Religious Zionist Party, Jewish Power (Otzma Yehudit), and Noam)
Religious Zionist Party
Shas
Ta'al
United Arab List
United Torah Judaism or UTJ (alliance includes Agudat Israel and Degel HaTorah)
Yesh Atid
Yisrael Beiteinu" + "text": "Balad
Blue and White
Hadash
Labor Party or HaAvoda
Likud
Meretz
National Unity (alliance includes Blue and White and New Hope)
New Hope
Noam
Otzma Yehudit
Religious Zionist Party
Shas
Ta'al
United Arab List
United Torah Judaism or UTJ (alliance includes Agudat Israel and Degel HaTorah)
Yesh Atid
Yisrael Beiteinu" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { @@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@ "note": "note: the IDF recruits foreign Jews and non-Jews with a minimum of one Jewish grandparent, as well as converts to Judaism; each year the IDF brings in about 800-1,000 foreign recruits from around the world" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the IDF is responsible for external defense but also has some domestic security responsibilities; its primary operational focuses include the threat posed by Iran, instability in Syria, and terrorist organizations, including HAMAS, Hizballah, the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS), and Palestine Islamic Jihad (PIJ)

since its creation from armed Jewish militias during the First Arab-Israeli War in 1948-49, the IDF, particularly the Ground Force, has been guided by a requirement to rapidly mobilize and defend the country’s territory from numerically superior neighboring countries; the active-duty military is backed up by a large force of trained reserves--approximately 300-400,000 personnel--that can be mobilized rapidly 

Israel’s primary security partner is the US; consistent with a 10-year (2019-2028) Memorandum of Understanding, the US annually provides over $3 billion in military financing and cooperative military programs, such as missile defense; the US also provides Israel access to US-produced military weapons systems including advanced fighter aircraft; Israel has Major Non-NATO Ally status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation

the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) has operated in the Golan between Israel and Syria since 1974 to monitor the ceasefire following the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and supervise the areas of separation between the two countries; UNDOF consists of about 1,300 total personnel (2024)" + "text": "the IDF is responsible for external defense but also has some domestic security responsibilities; its primary operational focuses include the threat posed by Iran, instability in Syria, and terrorist organizations, including HAMAS, Hizballah, and Palestine Islamic Jihad; since its creation from armed Jewish militias during the First Arab-Israeli War in 1948-49, the IDF, particularly the Ground Force, has been guided by a requirement to rapidly mobilize and defend the country’s territory from numerically superior neighboring countries; the active-duty military is backed up by a large force of trained reserves--approximately 300-400,000 personnel--that can be mobilized rapidly 

Israel’s primary security partner is the US; consistent with a 10-year (2019-2028) Memorandum of Understanding, the US annually provides over $3 billion in military financing and cooperative military programs, such as missile defense; the US also provides Israel access to US-produced military weapons systems including advanced fighter aircraft; Israel has Major Non-NATO Ally status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation

the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) has operated in the Golan between Israel and Syria since 1974 to monitor the ceasefire following the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and supervise the areas of separation between the two countries; UNDOF consists of about 1,300 total personnel (2025)" } }, "Space": { diff --git a/middle-east/iz.json b/middle-east/iz.json index 6a277cda..78b48ca7 100644 --- a/middle-east/iz.json +++ b/middle-east/iz.json @@ -548,7 +548,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, approved by Council of Representatives (COR)" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president indirectly elected by COR to serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term)" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -1112,8 +1112,8 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Ministry of Defense: Iraqi Army, Army Aviation Command, Iraqi Navy, Iraqi Air Force, Iraqi Air Defense Command, Special Forces Command, Special Security Division

National-Level Security Forces: Iraqi Counterterrorism Service (CTS), Prime Minister's Special Forces (Security) Division, Presidential Brigades

Ministry of Interior: Federal Police Forces Command, Border Guard Forces Command, Federal Intelligence and Investigations Agency, Emergency Response Division, Facilities Protection Directorate, and Provincial Police

Ministry of Oil: Energy Police Directorate

Popular Mobilization Committee (PMC): Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF), Tribal Mobilization Forces (TMF)

Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) Ministry of Peshmerga: Unit (or Division) 70 Forces, Unit (or Division) 80 Forces, Regional Guard Brigades, counterterrorism units (2025)", - "note": "note 1: the Iraqi military and associated forces are collectively known as the Iraqi Security Forces (ISF)

note 2: the PMF and TMF are a collection of more than 50 militias of widely varied sizes and political interests

note 3: the federal constitution provides the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) the right to maintain its own military/militia (peshmerga) and security forces, but the two main Kurdish political parties, the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), each maintain their own forces; the Unit/Division 80 Forces and the Counterterrorism Directorate (CTD) are under the KDP, while the Unit/Division 80 Forces and the Counter Terrorism Group (CTG) are under the PUK; the KDP and PUK jointly staff the Regional Guard Brigades; the KDP and PUK also maintain separate police, emergency response, and internal security/intelligence (Asayish) services under nominal KRG Ministry of Interior control" + "text": "Ministry of Defense: Iraqi Army, Army Aviation Command, Iraqi Navy, Iraqi Air Force, Iraqi Air Defense Command, Special Forces Command, Special Security Division

National-Level Security Forces: Iraqi Counterterrorism Service (CTS), Prime Minister's Special Forces (Security) Division, Presidential Brigades

Ministry of Interior: Federal Police Forces Command, Border Guard Forces Command, Federal Intelligence and Investigations Agency, Emergency Response Division, Facilities Protection Directorate, and Provincial Police

Ministry of Oil: Energy Police Directorate

Popular Mobilization Committee (PMC): Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF), Tribal Mobilization Forces (TMF)

Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG): Kurdish Security Forces (2025)", + "note": "note 1: the Iraqi military and associated forces are collectively known as the Iraqi Security Forces (ISF)

note 2: the PMF and TMF are a collection of more than 50 militias of widely varied sizes and political interests

note 3: the federal constitution provides the KRG the right to maintain its own military and security forces; some forces, such as the Regional Guard Brigades, are unified under the KRG's Ministry of Peshmerga Affairs, but the two main Kurdish political parties, the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), also maintain their own forces; the Unit/Division 80 Forces are under the KDP, while the Unit/Division 70 Forces are under the PUK; the KDP and PUK also maintain separate police, emergency response, and internal security/intelligence (Asayish) services under nominal KRG Ministry of Interior control; the KRG is working towards disbanding the partisan 70 and 80 Forces and integrating them into joint units under the Ministry of Peshmerga Affairs by September 2026" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2024": { @@ -1143,7 +1143,7 @@ "note": "note: service in the armed forces was mandatory in Iraq from 1935 up until 2003; in 2021, the Iraqi cabinet approved a draft law to reinstate compulsory military service and referred the proposed law to the Iraqi parliament; as of 2023, the proposed law had been shelved" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Iraqi security forces (ISF) are primarily focused on internal security duties; they are actively conducting counterinsurgency and counterterrorism operations against the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) terrorist group, particularly in northern and western Iraq; the Counter Terrorism Service (CTS), which is comprised of three special forces brigades, is the ISF's principal operational unit against ISIS

Kurdish Security Forces (KSF, aka Peshmerga) also conduct operations against ISIS; the KSF are recognized as a legitimate Iraqi military force under the country’s constitution and have operated jointly with the Iraqi military against ISIS militants, but largely operate outside of Iraqi military command structure; since 2021, the ISF and the KSF have conducted joint counter-ISIS operations in an area known as the Kurdish Coordination Line (KCL), a swath of disputed territory in northern Iraq claimed by both the Kurdistan Regional Government and the central Iraqi Government; the KSF/Peshmerga report to the Kurdistan Regional Government or Kurdistan Democratic Party and Patriotic Union of Kurdistan parties instead of the Iraqi Ministry of Defense

Popular Mobilization Commission and Affiliated Forces (PMF or PMC), also known as Popular Mobilization Units (PMU, or al-Hashd al-Sha’abi in Arabic), tribal militia units have fought alongside the Iraqi military against ISIS since 2014, but the majority of these forces continue to largely ignore the 2016 Law of the Popular Mobilization Authority, which mandated that armed militias must be regulated in a fashion similar to Iraq’s other security forces and act under the Iraqi Government’s direct control; the Iraqi Government funds the PMF, and the prime minister legally commands it, but many of the militia units take orders from associated political parties and/or other government officials, including some with ties to the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and some that have been designated as terrorist organizations by the US; the PMF/PMU is an umbrella organization comprised of many different militias, the majority of which are Shia:

--Shia militias backed by Iran; they are considered the most active and capable, and include such groups as the Badr Organization (Saraya al-Sala), Asaib Ahl al-Haq, and Kataib Hizballah

--Shia militias affiliated with Shia political parties, but not aligned with Iran, such as the Peace Brigades (Saray al-Salam)

--Shia militias not connected with political parties, but affiliated with the Najaf-based Grand Ayatollah Ali al-SISTANI (Iraq’s supreme Shia cleric), such as the Hawza militias

--other PMF/PMU militias include Sunni Tribal Mobilization militias, or Hashd al-Asha’iri; some of these militias take orders from the ISF and local authorities while others respond to orders from the larger Shia PMU militias; still other militias include Yazidi and Christian militias and the Turkmen brigades; the links of these forces to the PMU are not always clear-cut and may be loosely based on financial, legal, or political incentives

two international military task forces operate in Iraq to assist the country's security forces at the request of the Iraqi Government; in October 2018, NATO established an advisory, training and capacity-building mission for the Iraqi military known as the NATO Mission Iraq (NMI); in December 2021, a US-led task force that leads the defeat ISIS mission in Iraq, Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve (CJTF-OIR), transitioned from a combat role to an advise, assist, and enable role (2024)" + "text": "the Iraqi Security Forces (ISF) are primarily focused on internal and border security; they are actively conducting counterinsurgency and counterterrorism operations against the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) terrorist group, particularly in northern and western Iraq; the operations include securing the border with Syria; the Kurdish Security Forces, as well as are also active in conducting operations against ISIS 

two international military task forces operate in Iraq to assist the country's security forces at the request of the Iraqi Government; in 2018, NATO established an advisory, training and capacity-building mission for the Iraqi military known as the NATO Mission Iraq (NMI); in December 2021, the US-led Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve (CJTF-OIR) transitioned from a combat role to an advise, assist, and enable role (2025)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/middle-east/jo.json b/middle-east/jo.json index 224a69f9..8b45763b 100644 --- a/middle-east/jo.json +++ b/middle-east/jo.json @@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the monarch in consultation with the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "prime minister appointed by the monarch" } }, @@ -1198,7 +1198,7 @@ "text": "Jordan has about 200 police deployed to the MONUSCO mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2024)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the JAF traces its origins back to the Arab Legion, which was formed under the British protectorate of Transjordan in the 1920s; it is responsible for territorial defense and border security and has a supporting role for internal security; the JAF participates in both bilateral and multinational exercises, UN peacekeeping missions, and has taken part in regional military operations alongside international forces in Afghanistan, Syria, and Yemen

the JAF’s primary concerns include terrorist and criminal threats emanating from its borders with Syria and Iraq, as well as the ongoing Israel-Hamas war in Gaza and conflicts in southern Lebanon/northern Israel and the Red Sea; the terrorist group Hizballah and Iranian-backed militia forces operate in southwestern Syria near Jordan’s border while fighters from the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) terrorist group continue to operate in both Iraq and Syria; ISIS fighters have included Jordanian nationals, some of whom have returned to Jordan; individuals and groups sympathetic to Palestinian causes have planned and conducted terrorist attacks in Jordan

the US is a key security partner, and Jordan is one of the largest recipients of US military aid in the region; it cooperates with the US on a number of issues, including border and maritime security, arms transfers, cybersecurity, and counterterrorism; Jordan has Major Non-NATO Ally status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation (2024)" + "text": "the Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF) are responsible for territorial defense and border security and have a supporting role for internal security; key areas of concern include regional conflict and instability and unconventional threats, such as terrorism and weapons smuggling; the JAF participates in both bilateral and multinational exercises, UN peacekeeping missions, and have taken part in regional military operations alongside international forces in Afghanistan, Syria, and Yemen

the US is a key security partner, and Jordan is one of the largest recipients of US military aid in the region; it cooperates with the US on a number of issues, including border security, arms transfers, cybersecurity, and counterterrorism; Jordan has Major Non-NATO Ally status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation (2025)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/middle-east/ku.json b/middle-east/ku.json index 9d2293e5..ae4a64ed 100644 --- a/middle-east/ku.json +++ b/middle-east/ku.json @@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, approved by the amir" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "amir chosen from within the ruling family, confirmed by the National Assembly; prime minister appointed by the amir" } }, diff --git a/middle-east/le.json b/middle-east/le.json index d58ce195..efba74f5 100644 --- a/middle-east/le.json +++ b/middle-east/le.json @@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president and the National Assembly" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president indirectly elected by a qualified majority of two-thirds of Parliament members in the first round and, if needed, a two-thirds quorum of members by simple-majority popular vote for a 6-year term (eligible for non-consecutive terms); prime minister appointed by the president in consultation with the National Assembly" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/middle-east/qa.json b/middle-east/qa.json index d3ab3907..ff14a958 100644 --- a/middle-east/qa.json +++ b/middle-east/qa.json @@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the amir" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the amir" } }, diff --git a/middle-east/sa.json b/middle-east/sa.json index 709e378d..be3d9fba 100644 --- a/middle-east/sa.json +++ b/middle-east/sa.json @@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch every 4 years and includes many royal family members" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "none; the monarchy is hereditary; an Allegiance Council created by royal decree in 2006 established a committee of Saudi princes who have a voice in selecting future Saudi kings" } }, diff --git a/middle-east/sy.json b/middle-east/sy.json index 9d393ca5..f0f16170 100644 --- a/middle-east/sy.json +++ b/middle-east/sy.json @@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); the president appoints the vice president and prime minister" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -574,7 +574,7 @@ "text": "legal parties/alliances:
 Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
Arab Socialist (Ba'ath) Party – Syrian Regional
Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syrian Regional Branch, Socialist Unionist Democratic Party
Arab Socialist Union of Syria or ASU
Democratic Arab Socialist Union
National Progressive Front or NPF
Socialist Unionist Democratic Party
Socialist Unionist Party
Syrian Communist Party (two branches)
Syrian Social Nationalist Party or SSNP
Unionist Socialist Party

major political organizations:
Kurdish Democratic Union Party or PYD
Kurdish National Council or KNC
Syriac Union Party
Syrian Democratic Council or SDC
Syrian Democratic Party
Syrian Opposition Coalition

de facto governance entities:
Democratic Autonomous Administration of Northeast Syria or DAANES
Syrian Interim Government or SIG
Syrian Salvation Government or SSG

" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { - "text": "none

Note:  operations at the embassy were suspended on 18 March 2014" + "text": "none

note: operations at the embassy were suspended on 18 March 2014" }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { diff --git a/middle-east/tu.json b/middle-east/tu.json index e80c7fcb..65908813 100644 --- a/middle-east/tu.json +++ b/middle-east/tu.json @@ -571,7 +571,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/middle-east/ym.json b/middle-east/ym.json index 60d777f7..8e5573e9 100644 --- a/middle-east/ym.json +++ b/middle-east/ym.json @@ -523,7 +523,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "24 members from northern and southern Yemen, with representatives from Yemen's major political parties" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "formerly, the president was directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); vice president appointed by the president; prime minister appointed by the president" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/north-america/bd.json b/north-america/bd.json index 50aa4e12..a23e02ee 100644 --- a/north-america/bd.json +++ b/north-america/bd.json @@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet nominated by the premier, approved by the governor" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the governor usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as the premier" } }, diff --git a/north-america/ca.json b/north-america/ca.json index 4a93b549..0c228e84 100644 --- a/north-america/ca.json +++ b/north-america/ca.json @@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among members of his/her own party sitting in Parliament" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a 5-year term; after legislative elections, the governor general usually designates the leader of the majority party or majority coalition in the House of Commons as prime minister" }, "note": "note: the governor general position is largely ceremonial" @@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ "text": "4/28/2025" }, "parties elected and seats per party": { - "text": "Liberal Party (160); Conservative Party (119); Bloc Québécois (BQ) (32); NDP-New Democratic Party (NDP) (25); Other (2)" + "text": "Liberal Party (169); Conservative Party (144); Bloc Québécois (BQ) (22); Other (8)" }, "percentage of women in chamber": { "text": "30.3%" diff --git a/north-america/gl.json b/north-america/gl.json index b9ca9be1..6245c1e0 100644 --- a/north-america/gl.json +++ b/north-america/gl.json @@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Self-rule Government (Naalakkersuisut) elected by the Parliament (Inatsisartut)" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; high commissioner appointed by the monarch; premier indirectly elected by Parliament for a 4-year term" }, "election results": { @@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ "email address and website": { "text": "
washington@nanoq.gl

All Greenlandic Representations | Grønlands Repræsentation (grl-rep.dk); 
https://naalakkersuisut.gl/en/Naalakkersuisut/Groenlands-repraesentation-Washington" }, - "note": "Note:  Greenland also has offices in the Danish consulates in Chicago and New York" + "note": "note: Greenland also has offices in the Danish consulates in Chicago and New York" }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { diff --git a/north-america/mx.json b/north-america/mx.json index 128ad83b..5d838995 100644 --- a/north-america/mx.json +++ b/north-america/mx.json @@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a single 6-year term" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/north-america/sb.json b/north-america/sb.json index 23322f0a..eb9688e2 100644 --- a/north-america/sb.json +++ b/north-america/sb.json @@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Le Cabinet du Préfet" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "French president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prefect appointed by French president on the advice of French Ministry of Interior; Territorial Council president elected by Territorial Council councilors by absolute majority vote; term NA" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/north-america/us.json b/north-america/us.json index 34e77049..9e4de9d3 100644 --- a/north-america/us.json +++ b/north-america/us.json @@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president, approved by the Senate" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and vice president indirectly elected on the same ballot by the Electoral College of electors chosen from each state; president and vice president serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term)" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -1225,7 +1225,7 @@ "text": "has 20 commercial, government, and private space ports hosting Federal Aviation Administration-licensed activity spread across 10 states (Alabama, Alaska, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, and Virginia) (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "has a large and comprehensive space program and is one of the world’s top space powers; builds, launches, and operates space launch vehicles (SLVs)/rockets and the full spectrum of spacecraft, including interplanetary probes, manned craft, reusable rockets, satellites, space stations, and space planes; has an astronaut program and a large corps of astronauts; researching and developing a broad range of other space-related capabilities and technologies, such as advanced telecommunications and optics, navigational aids, propulsion, robotics, solar sails, space-based manufacturing, and robotic satellite repair/refueling; has launched orbital or lander probes to the Sun and all planets in the solar system, as well as to asteroids and beyond the solar system; has international missions and projects with dozens of countries and organizations, including such major partners as Canada, Japan, Russia, and South Korea, as well as the European Space Agency (ESA), the EU, and their individual member states; as of May 2025, 55 countries had signed onto the US-led Artemis Accords, whose purpose is to establish principles, guidelines, and best practices to enhance the governance of the civil exploration and use of outer space with the intention of advancing the Artemis Program, an international effort to establish a sustainable and robust presence on the Moon and an onward human mission to Mars; the US commercial space industry is one of the world’s largest and most capable and is active across the entire spectrum of US government space programs; the majority of both NASA and US military space launches are conducted by US commercial companies; the US space economy was valued at over $200 billion in 2021 (2025)", + "text": "has a large and comprehensive space program and is one of the world’s top space powers; builds, launches, and operates space launch vehicles (SLVs)/rockets and the full spectrum of spacecraft, including interplanetary probes, manned craft, reusable rockets, satellites, space stations, and space planes; has an astronaut program and a large corps of astronauts; researching and developing a broad range of other space-related technologies, such as advanced telecommunications and optics, navigational aids, propulsion, robotics, solar sails, space-based manufacturing, and robotic satellite repair/refueling; has launched orbital or lander probes to the Sun and all planets in the solar system, as well as to asteroids and beyond the solar system; has dozens of international missions and projects, including with Canada, Japan, Russia, South Korea, and the European Space Agency (ESA); as of May 2025, 55 countries had signed onto the US-led Artemis Accords to enhance the governance of civil exploration and use of outer space, with the intention of advancing the Artemis Program, an international effort to establish a sustainable and robust presence on the Moon and an onward human mission to Mars; the US commercial space industry is one of the world’s largest and most capable and is active across the spectrum of US government space programs; US commercial companies conduct the majority of NASA and US military space launches (2025)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide" } }, diff --git a/south-america/ar.json b/south-america/ar.json index 5bfcd131..5e05e2db 100644 --- a/south-america/ar.json +++ b/south-america/ar.json @@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by qualified majority vote (to win, a candidate must receive at least 45% of votes, or 40% of votes and a 10-point lead over the second-place candidate; if neither occurs, a second round is held); the president serves a 4-year term (eligible for a second consecutive term)" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -1270,7 +1270,7 @@ "text": "Manuel Belgrano Space Center (Buenos Aires province): planned launch platform of the Tronador SLV (see Appendix S); Punta Indio Space Center (Buenos Aires province): test facility; Teofilo Tabanera Space Center (CETT; Cordoba Province): testing, mission control site (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "has a long history of involvement in the development of space-related capabilities, including rockets and satellites; develops, builds, and operates communications, remote sensing (RS), and scientific satellites, often in partnership with other countries; developing additional satellites with more advanced payloads; has a national space plan; contracts with commercial and other government space agencies for launches but has a domestic rocket program and is developing space launch vehicle (SLV) capabilities; cooperates with a broad range of space agencies and industries, including those of Brazil, China, the European Space Agency and its member states (particularly France, Italy), and the US; also has a commercial space industry, which includes efforts to design, build, and launch reusable small SLVs (2024)", + "text": "has a long history in the development of space-related capabilities, including rockets and satellites; develops, builds, and operates communications, remote sensing (RS), and scientific satellites, often in partnership with other countries; developing additional satellites with more advanced payloads; has a national space plan; contracts with commercial and other government space agencies for launches but has a domestic rocket program and is developing space launch vehicle (SLV) capabilities; cooperates with a broad range of space agencies and industries, including those of Brazil, China, the European Space Agency and its member states (particularly France, Italy), and the US; also has a commercial space industry, which includes efforts to design, build, and launch reusable small SLVs (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide" } }, diff --git a/south-america/bl.json b/south-america/bl.json index 53ac733a..22671395 100644 --- a/south-america/bl.json +++ b/south-america/bl.json @@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot one of 3 ways: candidate wins at least 50% of the vote, or at least 40% of the vote and 10% more than the next highest candidate; otherwise, a second round is held and the winner determined by simple majority vote; president and vice president are elected by majority vote to serve a 5-year term; no term limits" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/south-america/br.json b/south-america/br.json index b1a7abb6..6f093c11 100644 --- a/south-america/br.json +++ b/south-america/br.json @@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 4-year term (eligible for a single consecutive term and additional terms after at least one term has elapsed)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/south-america/ci.json b/south-america/ci.json index 9a2481a5..7eaf121b 100644 --- a/south-america/ci.json +++ b/south-america/ci.json @@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a single 4-year term" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -1232,7 +1232,7 @@ "text": "the Chilean Space Agency was established in 2001 and dissolved in 2014, at which time the space program became part of the Ministry of Defense; the Ministry of Science also participates in Chile’s space program (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "has a space program with a considerable history and largely focused on the acquisition and operation of satellites; operates foreign-built satellites and satellite ground stations; building small remote sensing (RS) satellites; researching and developing additional capabilities and technologies associated with the production of satellites and satellite sub-systems; is a world leader in astronomy and astrophysics (Chile’s Atacama Desert, where the skies are exceptionally clear and dry for more than 300 days a year, is home to more than a dozen astronomical observatories including the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, the Las Campanas Observatory, and the European Southern Observatory); Chile is also home to several astronomy institutes; has established relations with space agencies and industries of Canada, China, France, India, Israel, Mexico, Russia, the UK, and the US (2024)", + "text": "has a space program with a considerable history, now largely focused on the acquisition and operation of satellites; operates foreign-built satellites and satellite ground stations; building small remote sensing (RS) satellites; researching and developing additional capabilities and technologies for the production of satellites and satellite sub-systems; is a world leader in astronomy and astrophysics; the Atacama Desert is home to more than a dozen astronomical observatories, including the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, the Las Campanas Observatory, and the European Southern Observatory; Chile is also home to several astronomy institutes; has established relations with space agencies and industries of Canada, China, France, India, Israel, Mexico, Russia, the UK, and the US (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide" } }, diff --git a/south-america/co.json b/south-america/co.json index 93d2e24c..fd236a6c 100644 --- a/south-america/co.json +++ b/south-america/co.json @@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a single 4-year term" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/south-america/ec.json b/south-america/ec.json index 64bc59b7..abeeb625 100644 --- a/south-america/ec.json +++ b/south-america/ec.json @@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term)" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -1187,7 +1187,7 @@ "text": "Ecuadorian Civilian Space Agency (EXA; a civilian independent research and development institution in charge of the administration and execution of Ecuador’s space program, established 2007); Ecuadorian Space Institute (established 2012, disbanded 2018) (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "has a small program focused on acquiring or manufacturing satellites; builds scientific satellites; conducts research and develops some space-related technologies; has established relations with the space agencies and industries of China and Russia, as well as the Latin American and Caribbean Space Agency (ALCE) and its member states (2024)", + "text": "has a small program focused on acquiring or manufacturing satellites; builds scientific satellites; conducts research and develops some space-related technologies; has relationships with China and Russia's space agencies and industries, as well as the Latin American and Caribbean Space Agency (ALCE) and its member states (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide" } }, diff --git a/south-america/fk.json b/south-america/fk.json index 054d5b26..a39a376c 100644 --- a/south-america/fk.json +++ b/south-america/fk.json @@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Executive Council elected by the Legislative Council" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; monarch appoints the governor, who appoints the chief executive" } }, diff --git a/south-america/gy.json b/south-america/gy.json index 39523adb..1a3ef6d7 100644 --- a/south-america/gy.json +++ b/south-america/gy.json @@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president, responsible to the National Assembly" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the predesignated candidate of the winning party in the last National Assembly election becomes president for a 5-year term (no term limits); prime minister appointed by the president" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -1099,7 +1099,7 @@ "text": "18-25 years of age or older for voluntary military service; no conscription (2024)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Guyana Defense Force (GDF) was established in 1965; its primary missions are defense of the country, including border security, assisting civil authorities with law and order as needed, and contributing to Guyana’s economic development; key areas of concern include disaster response, illegal fishing, narcotics trafficking, piracy, porous borders, and threats from Venezuela over disputed territory; the GDF participates in both bilateral and multinational exercises and has relationships with Brazil, China, France, the UK, and the US

Guyana joined the Caribbean Regional Security System (RSS) in 2022; RSS signatories (Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) agreed to prepare contingency plans and assist one another, on request, in national emergencies, prevention of smuggling, search and rescue, immigration control, fishery protection, customs and excise control, maritime policing duties, protection of off-shore installations, pollution control, national and other disasters, and threats to national security (2024)" + "text": "the Guyana Defense Force (GDF) was established in 1965; its primary missions are territorial defense, maritime security, search and rescue, medical evacuation, aviation and engineering support, disaster relief and humanitarian assistance, peace support operations, and community engagement; key areas of concern include illegal fishing, narcotics trafficking, piracy, porous borders, and threats from Venezuela over disputed territory; the GDF participates in both bilateral and multinational exercises and has relationships with Brazil, China, France, the UK, and the US

Guyana joined the Caribbean Regional Security System (RSS) in 2022; RSS signatories (Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) agreed to prepare contingency plans and assist one another, on request, in national emergencies, prevention of smuggling, search and rescue, immigration control, fishery protection, customs and excise control, maritime policing duties, protection of off-shore installations, pollution control, national and other disasters, and threats to national security (2025)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/south-america/ns.json b/south-america/ns.json index 4cb26244..91ba3778 100644 --- a/south-america/ns.json +++ b/south-america/ns.json @@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and vice president indirectly elected by the National Assembly; president and vice president serve a 5-year term (no term limits)" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -556,6 +556,9 @@ "most recent election date": { "text": "5/25/2025" }, + "parties elected and seats per party": { + "text": "National Democratic Party (NDP) (18); Progressive Reform Party (VHP) (17); National Party of Suriname (NPS) (6); General Liberation and Development Party (ABOP) (6); Other (4)" + }, "percentage of women in chamber": { "text": "31.4%" }, diff --git a/south-america/pa.json b/south-america/pa.json index 4b0c9177..8acdf279 100644 --- a/south-america/pa.json +++ b/south-america/pa.json @@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by simple-majority popular vote for a single 5-year term" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/south-america/pe.json b/south-america/pe.json index 53858acc..55a37d51 100644 --- a/south-america/pe.json +++ b/south-america/pe.json @@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for nonconsecutive terms)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/south-america/uy.json b/south-america/uy.json index 19789ae2..ecccbe39 100644 --- a/south-america/uy.json +++ b/south-america/uy.json @@ -569,7 +569,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president with approval of the General Assembly" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute-majority vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for nonconsecutive terms)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/south-america/ve.json b/south-america/ve.json index 9f1495e3..4b7c2132 100644 --- a/south-america/ve.json +++ b/south-america/ve.json @@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 6-year term (no term limits)" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -588,7 +588,7 @@ "text": "

A New Era (Un Nuevo Tiempo) or UNT
Cambiemos Movimiento Ciudadano or CMC
Christian Democrats or COPEI (also known as the Social Christian Party)
Citizens Encounter or EC
Clear Accounts or CC
Coalition of parties loyal to Nicolas MADURO - Great Patriotic Pole or GPP
Coalition of opposition parties - Democratic Alliance (Alianza Democratica) (includes AD, EL CAMBIO, COPEI, CMC, and AP)
Come Venezuela (Vente Venezuela) or VV
Communist Party of Venezuela or PCV
Consenso en la Zona or Conenzo
Convergencia
Democratic Action or AD
Fatherland for All (Patria para Todos) or PPT
Fearless People's Alliance or ABP
Fuerza Vecinal or FV
Hope for Change (Esperanza por el Cambio) or EL CAMBIO
Justice First (Primero Justicia) or PJ
LAPIZ
Movement to Socialism (Movimiento al Socialismo) or MAS
Popular Will (Voluntad Popular) or VP
Progressive Advance (Avanzada Progresista) or AP
The Radical Cause or La Causa R
United Socialist Party of Venezuela or PSUV
Venezuela First (Primero Venezuela) or PV
Venezuelan Progressive Movement or MPV
Venezuela Project or PV

" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { - "text": "none

Note:  the embassy, which had been run by the Venezuelan political opposition, announced on 5 January 2023, that it had ended all embassy functions" + "text": "none

note: the embassy, which had been run by the Venezuelan political opposition, announced on 5 January 2023, that it had ended all embassy functions" }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { diff --git a/south-asia/af.json b/south-asia/af.json index 66a387dd..cb7f1fc3 100644 --- a/south-asia/af.json +++ b/south-asia/af.json @@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ "text": "Afghanistan" }, "etymology": { - "text": "the name \"Afghan\" originally referred to the Pashtun people (today it is understood to include all the country's ethnic groups), while the suffix \"-stan\" means \"place of\" or \"country\"; so Afghanistan literally means the \"Land of the Afghans\"" + "text": "the name \"Afghan\" originally referred to the Pashtun people, but today it is understood to include all the country's ethnic groups; the suffix \"-stan\" means \"place of\" or \"country,\" so Afghanistan literally means the \"Land of the Afghans\"" } }, "Government type": { @@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "the Taliban have announced a “cabinet” for the “caretaker government,” including the “acting prime minister,” “acting deputy prime ministers,” and “ministers” who claim to represent 26 ministries" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the 2004 Afghan constitution directed that the president should be elected by majority popular vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); the Taliban have given no indication that they intend to reinstate elections or any other mechanism of democratic governance" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ "text": "the Taliban Government enforces an authoritarian state and has banned other political parties; note - before 15 August 2021, the Ministry of Justice had licensed 72 political parties as of April 2019

the Taliban have banned other political parties but have allowed some party leaders, including the head of Hezb-e-Islami, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, to continue to live and work in Afghanistan; Hekmatyar likely continues to enjoy some political support from loyalists; leaders of other parties, including Jamiat-e-Islami’s Salahuddin Rabbani and Jumbesh’s Rashid Dostum, operate from abroad but likely also command some following within Afghanistan; note - before 15 August 2021, the Ministry of Justice had licensed 72 political parties as of April 2019" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { - "text": "none

Note:  the Afghan Embassy closed in March 2022" + "text": "none

note: the Afghan Embassy closed in March 2022" }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "embassy": { diff --git a/south-asia/bg.json b/south-asia/bg.json index 0a39ba6d..7bd9ce39 100644 --- a/south-asia/bg.json +++ b/south-asia/bg.json @@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet selected by the prime minister, appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president indirectly elected by the National Parliament for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); the president appoints as prime minister the majority party leader in the National Parliament" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/south-asia/bt.json b/south-asia/bt.json index 27658d5a..3941fa76 100644 --- a/south-asia/bt.json +++ b/south-asia/bt.json @@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers or Lhengye Zhungtshog members nominated by the monarch in consultation with the prime minister and approved by the National Assembly; members serve 5-year terms" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary but can be removed by a two-thirds vote of Parliament; leader of the majority party in Parliament is nominated as the prime minister, appointed by the monarch" } }, @@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ "consulate(s) general": { "text": "343 East, 43rd Street, New York, NY 10017" }, - "note": "note - although Bhutan and the United States do not have diplomatic relations, the two countries established consular relations on 23 July 1986; the Consulate General of the Kingdom of Bhutan was established in New York with an officer from the Permanent Mission of the Kingdom of Bhutan to the United Nations holding dual accreditation as the Consul General with consular jurisdiction in the US" + "note": "note: Bhutan and the United States do not have diplomatic relations, but the two countries established consular relations on 23 July 1986; the Consulate General of the Kingdom of Bhutan was established in New York with an officer from the Permanent Mission of the Kingdom of Bhutan to the United Nations holding dual accreditation as the Consul General with consular jurisdiction in the US" }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "embassy": { diff --git a/south-asia/ce.json b/south-asia/ce.json index 58db7f72..3256ff7c 100644 --- a/south-asia/ce.json +++ b/south-asia/ce.json @@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president in consultation with the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by preferential majority popular vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/south-asia/in.json b/south-asia/in.json index fdeff30c..93a66e5f 100644 --- a/south-asia/in.json +++ b/south-asia/in.json @@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Union Council of Ministers recommended by the prime minister, appointed by the president" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president indirectly elected for a 5-year term (no term limits) by an electoral college consisting of elected members of both houses of Parliament; vice president indirectly elected for a 5-year term (no term limits) by an electoral college consisting of elected members of both houses of Parliament; following legislative elections, the prime minister is elected by Lok Sabha members of the majority party" }, "most recent election date": { @@ -1267,18 +1267,18 @@ "text": "information varies; approximately 1.5 million active Indian Armed Forces, including about 1.25 million in the Army (2025)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "much of the military's inventory consists of Russian- and Soviet-origin equipment; there is a smaller, but growing mix of Western and domestically produced arms; Russia continues to be the leading provider of arms to India, although in recent years India has increased acquisitions from other suppliers, including France, Israel, and the US; it is one of the world's largest importers of arms; India's defense industry is capable of producing a range of air, land, missile, and naval weapons systems for both domestic use and export; it also produces weapons systems under license (2024)" + "text": "much of the military's inventory consists of Russian- and Soviet-origin equipment along with a smaller, but growing mix of Western and domestically produced arms; Russia continues to be the leading provider of arms to India, although in recent years India has increased acquisitions from other suppliers, including France, Israel, and the US; India's defense industry is capable of producing a range of air, land, missile, and naval weapons systems for both domestic use and export; it also produces weapons systems under license (2024)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "ages vary by service, but generally 16.5-27 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; no conscription (2023)", - "note": "note 1: in 2022, the Indian Government began recruiting men aged 17.5-21 annually to serve on 4-year contracts under a process called the Agnipath scheme; at the end of their tenure, 25% would be retained for longer terms of service, while the remainder would be forced to leave the military, although some of those leaving would be eligible to serve in the Coast Guard, the Merchant Navy, civilian positions in the Ministry of Defense, and in the paramilitary forces of the Ministry of Home Affairs, such as the Central Armed Police Forces and Assam Rifles

note 2: as of 2023, women made up less than 1% of the Army, about 1% of the Air Force, and about 6% of the Navy 

note 3: the Indian military accepts citizens of Nepal and Bhutan; descendants of refugees from Tibet who arrived before 1962 and have resided permanently in India; peoples of Indian origin from nations such as Burma, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Uganda, and Vietnam with the intention of permanently settling in India; eligible candidates from “friendly foreign nations” may apply to the Armed Forces Medical Services 

note 4: the British began to recruit Nepalese citizens (Gurkhas) into the East India Company Army during the Anglo-Nepalese War (1814-1816), and the Gurkhas subsequently were brought into the British Indian Army; following the partition of India in 1947, an agreement between Nepal, India, and Great Britain allowed for the transfer of the 10 regiments from the British Indian Army to the separate British and Indian armies; six regiments of Gurkhas (aka Gorkhas in India) regiments went to the new Indian Army; a seventh regiment was later added" + "note": "note 1: in 2022, the Indian Government began recruiting men aged 17.5-21 annually to serve on 4-year contracts; at the end of their tenure, 25% would be retained for longer terms of service, while the remainder would be forced to leave the military, although some of those leaving would be eligible to serve in the Coast Guard, the Merchant Navy, civilian positions in the Ministry of Defense, and in the paramilitary forces of the Ministry of Home Affairs

note 2: as of 2023, women made up less than 1% of the Army, about 1% of the Air Force, and about 6% of the Navy 

note 3: the Indian military accepts citizens of Nepal and Bhutan; descendants of refugees from Tibet who arrived before 1962 and have resided permanently in India; peoples of Indian origin from nations such as Burma, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Uganda, and Vietnam with the intention of permanently settling in India; eligible candidates from “friendly foreign nations” may apply to the Armed Forces Medical Services 

note 4: the British began to recruit Nepalese citizens (Gurkhas) into the East India Company Army during the Anglo-Nepalese War (1814-1816), and the Gurkhas subsequently were brought into the British Indian Army; following the partition of India in 1947, an agreement between Nepal, India, and Great Britain allowed for the transfer of the 10 regiments from the British Indian Army to the separate British and Indian armies; six regiments of Gurkhas (aka Gorkhas in India) regiments went to the new Indian Army; a seventh regiment was later added" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "1,800 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 200 Golan Heights (UNDOF); 890 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 2,350 South Sudan (UNMISS); 590 Sudan (UNISFA) (2024)", + "text": "1,100 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 200 Golan Heights (UNDOF); 900 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 2,400 South Sudan (UNMISS); 600 Sudan (UNISFA) (2025)", "note": "note: India has over 6,000 total military and police personnel deployed on UN missions" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Indian military performs a variety of missions; it is primarily focused on China and Pakistan and territorial defense, while secondary missions include regional power projection, UN peacekeeping deployments, humanitarian operations, and support to internal security forces; it has fought in several significant conflicts and counterinsurgency operations since 1947 and regularly conducts large-scale exercises; the military may act internally under the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) of 1958, an act of the Indian Parliament that granted special powers to put down separatist movements in \"disturbed areas\"; the AFSPA of 1958 and a virtually identical law, the Armed Forces (Jammu & Kashmir) Special Powers Act of 1990, have been in force since 1958 in parts of northeast India, and since 1990 in Jammu & Kashmir

the short 1962 Sino-India War left in place one of the World’s longest disputed international borders, resulting in occasional standoffs between Indian and Chinese security forces, including lethal clashes in 1975 and 2020; meanwhile, India and Pakistan have fought several conflicts since 1947, including the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965 and the Indo-Pakistan and Bangladesh War of Independence of 1971, as well clashes over the disputed region of Kashmir (the First Kashmir War of 1947 and the 1999 Kargil Conflict); a fragile cease-fire in Kashmir was reached in 2003, revised in 2018, and reaffirmed in 2021, although the Line of Control remains contested, and India has accused Pakistan of backing armed separatists and terrorist organizations in Jammu and Kashmir where Indian forces have conducted counterinsurgency operations since the 1980s; in addition, India and Pakistan have battled over the Siachen Glacier of Kashmir, which was seized by India in 1984 with Pakistan attempting to retake the area at least three times between 1985 and 1995; despite a cease-fire, both sides continue to maintain a permanent military presence there with outposts at altitudes above 20,000 feet (over 6,000 meters) where most casualties are due to extreme weather and the hazards of operating in the high mountain terrain of the world’s highest conflict, including avalanches, exposure, and altitude sickness (2024)" + "text": "the Indian military's primary mission is external/territorial defense while secondary missions include regional power projection, UN peacekeeping deployments, humanitarian operations, and support to internal security forces; it has fought in several significant conflicts and counterinsurgency operations since 1947, regularly conducts large-scale exercises, and is one of the world's largest contributors to UN peacekeeping operations

the military's chief external focuses are China and Pakistan; the short 1962 Sino-India War between them left in place one of the World’s longest disputed international borders--known as the Line of Actual Control (LAC)--resulting in occasional standoffs between Indian and Chinese security forces, including lethal clashes in 1975 and 2020 

India has fought four wars and several skirmishes with Pakistan; three of the wars have been over the disputed region of Jammu and Kashmir, the status of which has been unsettled since the UK's 1947 withdrawal and the partition and independence of India and Pakistan; a fragile cease-fire in Kashmir was reached in 2003, revised in 2018, and reaffirmed in 2021, although the militarized Line of Control which serves as the border remains contested; India has accused Pakistan of backing armed separatists and terrorist organizations in Jammu and Kashmir where Indian forces have conducted counterinsurgency operations since the 1980s; in the Spring of 2025, Indian held Pakistan responsible for a terrorist attack in India-controlled Kashmir and retaliated, sparking a 12-day conflict 

the Kashmir dispute also includes the Siachen Glacier, located in the Karakoram Mountain Range, which was seized by India in 1984 with Pakistan attempting to retake the area several times between 1985 and 1995; despite a 2003 cease-fire, both sides continue to maintain a permanent military presence there with outposts at altitudes above 20,000 feet (over 6,000 meters) where most casualties are due to extreme weather and the hazards of operating in the high mountain terrain of the world’s highest conflict, including avalanches, exposure, and altitude sickness (2025)" } }, "Space": { diff --git a/south-asia/io.json b/south-asia/io.json index 91458be7..c8950a51 100644 --- a/south-asia/io.json +++ b/south-asia/io.json @@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "NA" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; commissioner and administrator appointed by the monarch" } }, diff --git a/south-asia/mv.json b/south-asia/mv.json index 95764b7b..75411196 100644 --- a/south-asia/mv.json +++ b/south-asia/mv.json @@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by People's Majlis" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/south-asia/np.json b/south-asia/np.json index 988c7eba..cd43e5c4 100644 --- a/south-asia/np.json +++ b/south-asia/np.json @@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister; cabinet positions shared among Nepali Congress, Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist Centre, and various coalition partners" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president indirectly elected by an electoral college of the Federal Parliament and the state assemblies for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term)" }, "most recent election date": { diff --git a/south-asia/pk.json b/south-asia/pk.json index e6e0ee8d..d01a0686 100644 --- a/south-asia/pk.json +++ b/south-asia/pk.json @@ -571,7 +571,7 @@ "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister" }, - "elections/appointments": { + "election/appointment process": { "text": "president indirectly elected for a 5-year term (limited to 2 consecutive terms) by the Electoral College, which consists of members of the Senate, National Assembly, and provincial assemblies" }, "most recent election date": {