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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "North Yemen became independent from the Ottoman Empire in 1918. The British, who had set up a protectorate area around the southern port of Aden in the 19th century, withdrew in 1967 from what became South Yemen. Three years later, the southern government adopted a Marxist orientation. The massive exodus of hundreds of thousands of Yemenis from the south to the north contributed to two decades of hostility between the states. The two countries were formally unified as the Republic of Yemen in 1990. A southern secessionist movement and brief civil war in 1994 was quickly subdued. In 2000, Saudi Arabia and Yemen agreed to delineate their border. Fighting in the northwest between the government and the Huthis, a Zaydi Shia minority, began in 2004 and has since resulted in six rounds of fighting that ended in early 2010 with a cease-fire. The southern secessionist movement was revitalized in 2008. Public rallies in Sana'a against then President SALIH - inspired by similar demonstrations in Tunisia and Egypt - slowly built momentum starting in late January 2011 fueled by complaints over high unemployment, poor economic conditions, and corruption. By the following month, some protests had resulted in violence, and the demonstrations had spread to other major cities. By March the opposition had hardened its demands and was unifying behind calls for SALIH's immediate ouster. In in late April 2011. the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), in an attempt to mediate the crisis in Yemen, proposed the GGC Initiative, an agreement in which the president would step down in exchange for immunity from prosecution. SALIH's refusal to sign an agreement led to further violence. The UN Security Council passed Resolution 2014 in October 2011 calling for an end to the violence and completing a power transfer deal. In late November 2011, SALIH signed the GCC Initiative to step down and to transfer some of his powers to Vice President Abd Rabuh Mansur HADI. Following HADI's election victory in February 2012, SALIH formally transferred his powers. In accordance with the GCC initiative, Yemen launched a National Dialogue Conference (NDC) in March 2013 to discuss key constitutional, political, and social issues. HADI concluded the NDC in January 2014. Subsequent steps in the transition process include constitutional drafting, a constitutional referendum, and national elections. Since the Arab Awakening in 2011, the Huthis have expanded their influence, culminating in a major offensive against military units and tribes affiliated with their Yemeni rivals and enabling their forces to overrun the capital, Sana'a, in September 2014. In January 2015, the Huthis attacked the presidential palace and President HADI's residence and surrounded key government facilities, prompting HADI and the cabinet to submit their resignations. HADI fled to Aden, and in late February he rescinded his resignation. He subsequently escaped to Saudi Arabia and asked the GCC to intervene militarily in Yemen to protect the legitimate government from the Huthis. In late March, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia launched Operation Decisive Storm, a series of airstrikes against Huthi and Huthi-affiliated forces. In late April, the Saudi Government announced completion of the operation and initiated Operation Restoring Hope, which focuses on humanitarian aid and a return to political dialogue. As of late April 2015, the Huthis controlled much of western Yemen."
"text": "North Yemen became independent from the Ottoman Empire in 1918. The British, who had set up a protectorate area around the southern port of Aden in the 19th century, withdrew in 1967 from what became South Yemen. Three years later, the southern government adopted a Marxist orientation. The massive exodus of hundreds of thousands of Yemenis from the south to the north contributed to two decades of hostility between the states. The two countries were formally unified as the Republic of Yemen in 1990. A southern secessionist movement and brief civil war in 1994 was quickly subdued. In 2000, Saudi Arabia and Yemen agreed to delineate their border. Fighting in the northwest between the government and the Huthis, a Zaydi Shia Muslim minority, began in 2004 and has since resulted in six rounds of fighting that ended in early 2010 with a cease-fire. The southern secessionist movement was revitalized in 2008. Public rallies in Sana'a against then President SALIH - inspired by similar demonstrations in Tunisia and Egypt - slowly built momentum starting in late January 2011 fueled by complaints over high unemployment, poor economic conditions, and corruption. By the following month, some protests had resulted in violence, and the demonstrations had spread to other major cities. By March the opposition had hardened its demands and was unifying behind calls for SALIH's immediate ouster. In April 2011, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), in an attempt to mediate the crisis in Yemen, proposed the GGC Initiative, an agreement in which the president would step down in exchange for immunity from prosecution. SALIH's refusal to sign an agreement led to further violence. ++ The UN Security Council passed Resolution 2014 in October 2011 calling for an end to the violence and completing a power transfer deal. In November 2011, SALIH signed the GCC Initiative to step down and to transfer some of his powers to Vice President Abd Rabuh Mansur HADI. Following HADI's election victory in February 2012, SALIH formally transferred his powers. In accordance with the GCC initiative, Yemen launched a National Dialogue Conference (NDC) in March 2013 to discuss key constitutional, political, and social issues. HADI concluded the NDC in January 2014. Subsequent steps in the transition process include constitutional drafting, a constitutional referendum, and national elections. Since the Arab Awakening in 2011, the Huthis have expanded their influence, culminating in a major offensive against military units and tribes affiliated with their Yemeni rivals and enabling their forces to overrun the capital, Sana'a, in September 2014. In January 2015, the Huthis attacked the presidential palace and President HADI's residence and surrounded key government facilities, prompting HADI and the cabinet to submit their resignations. HADI fled to Aden, and in February 2015 rescinded his resignation. He subsequently escaped to Saudi Arabia and asked the GCC to intervene militarily in Yemen to protect the legitimate government from the Huthis. In March, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia launched Operation Decisive Storm, a series of airstrikes against Huthi and Huthi-affiliated forces. In April 2015, the Saudi Government announced completion of the operation and initiated Operation Restoring Hope, which focuses on humanitarian aid and a return to political dialogue. However, fighting continued through the remainder of 2015 and into early 2016. In April, the UN brokered a \"cessation of hostilities\" among the warring parties and initiated peace talks in Kuwait."
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -29,10 +29,7 @@
}
},
"Area - comparative": {
"text": "almost four times the size of Alabama; slightly larger than twice the size of Wyoming",
"Area comparison map": {
"text": null
}
"text": "almost four times the size of Alabama; slightly larger than twice the size of Wyoming"
},
"Land boundaries": {
"total": {
@ -65,12 +62,12 @@
"Terrain": {
"text": "narrow coastal plain backed by flat-topped hills and rugged mountains; dissected upland desert plains in center slope into the desert interior of the Arabian Peninsula"
},
"Elevation extremes": {
"lowest point": {
"text": "Arabian Sea 0 m"
"Elevation": {
"mean elevation": {
"text": "999 m"
},
"highest point": {
"text": "Jabal an Nabi Shu'ayb 3,760 m"
"elevation extremes": {
"text": "lowest point: Arabian Sea 0 m ++ highest point: Jabal an Nabi Shu'ayb 3,760 m"
}
},
"Natural resources": {
@ -88,18 +85,7 @@
}
},
"Irrigated land": {
"text": "6,801 sq km (2004)"
},
"Total renewable water resources": {
"text": "2.1 cu km (2011)"
},
"Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)": {
"total": {
"text": "3.57 cu km/yr (7%/2%/91%)"
},
"per capita": {
"text": "162.4 cu m/yr (2005)"
}
"text": "6,800 sq km (2012)"
},
"Natural hazards": {
"text": "sandstorms and dust storms in summer",
@ -123,6 +109,9 @@
}
},
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "27,392,779 (July 2016 est.)"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
"text": "Yemeni(s)"
@ -141,32 +130,23 @@
}
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Muslim 99.1% (official; virtually all are citizens, an estimated 65% are Sunni and 35% are Shia), other 0.9% (includes Jewish, Baha'i, Hindu, and Christian; many are refugees or temporary foreign residents) (2010 est.)",
"religious affiliation": {
"text": null
}
},
"Population": {
"text": "26,737,317 (July 2015 est.)"
"text": "Muslim 99.1% (official; virtually all are citizens, an estimated 65% are Sunni and 35% are Shia), other 0.9% (includes Jewish, Baha'i, Hindu, and Christian; many are refugees or temporary foreign residents) (2010 est.)"
},
"Age structure": {
"0-14 years": {
"text": "41.09% (male 5,588,316/female 5,399,365)"
"text": "40.48% (male 5,639,657/female 5,447,662)"
},
"15-24 years": {
"text": "21.12% (male 2,865,453/female 2,782,109)"
"text": "21.16% (male 2,940,484/female 2,855,538)"
},
"25-54 years": {
"text": "31.33% (male 4,280,258/female 4,096,280)"
"text": "31.79% (male 4,451,305/female 4,257,877)"
},
"55-64 years": {
"text": "3.79% (male 468,869/female 543,336)"
"text": "3.87% (male 487,986/female 571,676)"
},
"65 years and over": {
"text": "2.67% (male 330,966/female 382,365) (2015 est.)"
},
"population pyramid": {
"text": null
"text": "2.7% (male 342,053/female 398,541) (2016 est.)"
}
},
"Dependency ratios": {
@ -185,26 +165,26 @@
},
"Median age": {
"total": {
"text": "18.9 years"
"text": "19.2 years"
},
"male": {
"text": "18.8 years"
"text": "19.1 years"
},
"female": {
"text": "19 years (2015 est.)"
"text": "19.3 years (2016 est.)"
}
},
"Population growth rate": {
"text": "2.47% (2015 est.)"
"text": "2.37% (2016 est.)"
},
"Birth rate": {
"text": "29.98 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
"text": "29.2 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
},
"Death rate": {
"text": "6.28 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
"text": "6.1 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
},
"Net migration rate": {
"text": "1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
"text": "0.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
@ -231,48 +211,51 @@
"text": "1.05 male(s)/female"
},
"55-64 years": {
"text": "0.86 male(s)/female"
"text": "0.85 male(s)/female"
},
"65 years and over": {
"text": "0.87 male(s)/female"
},
"total population": {
"text": "1.03 male(s)/female (2015 est.)"
"text": "1.02 male(s)/female (2016 est.)"
}
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "21.4 ++ median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2013)"
},
"Maternal mortality rate": {
"text": "385 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)"
},
"Infant mortality rate": {
"total": {
"text": "48.93 deaths/1,000 live births"
"text": "47.4 deaths/1,000 live births"
},
"male": {
"text": "53.14 deaths/1,000 live births"
"text": "51.6 deaths/1,000 live births"
},
"female": {
"text": "44.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)"
"text": "43.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)"
}
},
"Life expectancy at birth": {
"total population": {
"text": "65.18 years"
"text": "65.5 years"
},
"male": {
"text": "63.05 years"
"text": "63.4 years"
},
"female": {
"text": "67.41 years (2015 est.)"
"text": "67.8 years (2016 est.)"
}
},
"Total fertility rate": {
"text": "3.91 children born/woman (2015 est.)"
"text": "3.77 children born/woman (2016 est.)"
},
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
"text": "27.7% (2006)"
},
"Health expenditures": {
"text": "5.4% of GDP (2013)"
"text": "5.6% of GDP (2014)"
},
"Physicians density": {
"text": "0.2 physicians/1,000 population (2010)"
@ -297,13 +280,13 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "0.05% (2014 est.)"
"text": "0.06% (2015 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "7,200 (2014 est.)"
"text": "9,200 (2015 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "300 (2014 est.)"
"text": "300 (2015 est.)"
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"degree of risk": {
@ -316,14 +299,14 @@
"text": "dengue fever and malaria"
},
"water contact disease": {
"text": "schistosomiasis (2013)"
"text": "schistosomiasis (2016)"
}
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "14.2% (2014)"
},
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
"text": "35.5% (2011)"
"text": "39.9% (2013)"
},
"Education expenditures": {
"text": "4.6% of GDP (2008)"
@ -347,7 +330,7 @@
"text": "9 years"
},
"male": {
"text": "11 years"
"text": "10 years"
},
"female": {
"text": "8 years (2011)"
@ -389,10 +372,13 @@
},
"former": {
"text": "Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen] and People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen]"
},
"etymology": {
"text": "name derivation remains unclear but may come from the Arab term \"yumn\" (happiness) and be related to the region's classical name \"Arabia Felix\" (Fertile or Happy Arabia); the Romans referred to the rest of the peninsula as \"Arabia Deserta\" (Deserted Arabia)"
}
},
"Government type": {
"text": "republic"
"text": "in transition"
},
"Capital": {
"name": {
@ -406,7 +392,7 @@
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "21 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah) and 1 municipality*; Abyan, 'Adan (Aden), Ad Dali', Al Bayda', Al Hudaydah, Al Jawf, Al Mahrah, Al Mahwit, Amanat al 'Asimah (Sanaa City)*, 'Amran, Arkhabil Suqutra (Socotra Archipelago), Dhamar, Hadramawt, Hajjah, Ibb, Lahij, Ma'rib, Raymah, Sa'dah, San'a' (Sanaa), Shabwah, Ta'izz"
"text": "22 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Abyan, 'Adan (Aden), Ad Dali', Al Bayda', Al Hudaydah, Al Jawf, Al Mahrah, Al Mahwit, Amanat al 'Asimah (Sanaa City), 'Amran, Arkhabil Suqutra (Socotra Archipelago), Dhamar, Hadramawt, Hajjah, Ibb, Lahij, Ma'rib, Raymah, Sa'dah, San'a' (Sanaa), Shabwah, Ta'izz"
},
"Independence": {
"text": "22 May 1990 (Republic of Yemen was established with the merger of the Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen] and the Marxist-dominated People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen]); note - previously North Yemen became independent in November 1918 (from the Ottoman Empire) and became a republic with the overthrow of the theocratic Imamate in 1962; South Yemen became independent on 30 November 1967 (from the UK)"
@ -415,7 +401,7 @@
"text": "Unification Day, 22 May (1990)"
},
"Constitution": {
"text": "adopted by referendum 16 May 1991 (following unification); amended several times, last in 2009; note - from March 2014 to January 2015, a presidentially-formed Constitutional Drafting Committee drafted a new constitution and President Hadi reviewed it; the draft was slated for final revision by the National Authority, followed by a national referendum; however, with the resignation of the government in late January 2015, constitutional formation has been stalled (2015)"
"text": "adopted by referendum 16 May 1991 (following unification); amended several times, last in 2009; note - after the National Dialogue ended in January 2015, a presidentially-appointed Constitutional Drafting Committee worked to prepare a new draft constitution that was expected to be put to a national referendum before being adopted; however, the president’s resignation in January 2015 and the subsequent conflict interrupted the process (2016)"
},
"Legal system": {
"text": "mixed legal system of Islamic law, Napoleonic law, English common law, and customary law"
@ -423,15 +409,29 @@
"International law organization participation": {
"text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt"
},
"Citizenship": {
"citizenship by birth": {
"text": "no"
},
"citizenship by descent only": {
"text": "the father must be a citizen of Yemen; if the father is unknown, the mother must be a citizen"
},
"dual citizenship recognized": {
"text": "no"
},
"residency requirement for naturalization": {
"text": "10 years"
}
},
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Abd Rabuh Mansur HADI (since 21 February 2012); note - President HADI submitted his resignation in late January 2015, but Parliament did not convene to accept it; he later rescinded his resignation and remains the internationally recognized President of Yemen; he fled to Saudi Arabia in late March 2015 but returned in September after government loyalist forces aided by a Saudi-led coalition regained control of Aden from Huthi rebels in July"
"text": "President Abd Rabuh Mansur HADI (since 21 February 2012); Vice President Mohsin al-AHMAR, Gen. (since 3 April 2016)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Prime Minister Khalid Mahfuz BAHAH; note - BAHAH submitted his resignation in late January 2015, but Parliament did not convene to accept it; BAHAH later rescinded his resignation and remains prime minister; on 13 April he was named vice president, but continues to be the prime minister; he returned to Yemen from weeks of exile in Saudi Arabia on the 16 September 2015"
"text": "Prime Minister Obaid bin DAGHR (since 3 April 2016)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "appointed by the president"
@ -451,7 +451,7 @@
"text": "last held on 27 April 2003 (next scheduled for April 2009 but postponed indefinitely)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "House of Representatives percent of vote by party - GPC 58%, Islah 22.6%, YSP 3.8%, Unionist Party 1.9%, other 13.7%; seats by party - GPC 238, Islah 46, YSP 8, Nasserite Unionist Party 3, National Arab Socialist Ba'th Party 2, independent 4"
"text": "House of Representatives percent of vote by party - GPC 58.0%, Islah 22.6%, YSP 3.8%, Unionist Party 1.9%, other 13.7%; seats by party - GPC 238, Islah 46, YSP 8, Nasserist Unionist Party 3, National Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 2, independent 4"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -466,10 +466,10 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party ++ General People's Congress or GPC [Ali Abdallah SALIH] ++ Nasserite Unionist Popular Organization [Abdallah NU'MAN] ++ Yemeni Reform Grouping or Islah [Muhammed Abdallah al-YADUMI, Abdul Wahab al-ANSI] ++ Yemeni Socialist Party or YSP [Dr. Abd al-Rahman Umar al-SAQQAF]"
"text": "General People's Congress or GPC [Ali Abdallah SALIH] ++ National Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party [Qassem Salam SAID] ++ Nasserist Unionist People's Organization [Abdallah NU'MAN] ++ Yemeni Reform Grouping or Islah [Muhammed Abdallah al-YADUMI, Abdul Wahab al-ANSI] ++ Yemeni Socialist Party or YSP [Dr. Abd al-Rahman Umar al-SAQQAF]"
},
"Political pressure groups and leaders": {
"text": "Houthis ++ Muslim Brotherhood ++ Women National Committee",
"text": "Huthis ++ Muslim Brotherhood ++ Women National Committee",
"other": {
"text": "conservative tribal groups; southern secessionist groups; al-Qa'ida in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP)"
}
@ -479,7 +479,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Ahmed Awad AHMED bin Mubarak (since 3 August 2015)"
"text": "Ambassador Ahmad Awadh BIN MUBARAK (since 3 August 2015)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "2319 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008"
@ -493,7 +493,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
"note": {
"text": "US embassy operations suspended on 10 February 2015 amid growing violence; in March 2015, a team of US diplomats established the Yemen Affairs Unit in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"
"text": "US Embassy operations were suspended on 10 February 2015 amid growing violence; in March 2015, a team of US diplomats established the Yemen Affairs Unit in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"
},
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Matthew H. TUELLER (since 10 June 2014)"
@ -534,58 +534,58 @@
},
"Economy": {
"Economy - overview": {
"text": "Yemen is a low-income country that is highly dependent on declining oil resources for revenue. Oil and gas revenues account for roughly 25% of GDP and 65% of government revenue. Yemen has tried to counter the effects of its declining oil resources and continuing attacks on its oil pipelines by diversifying its economy through a 2006 reform program that was designed to bolster non-oil sectors of the economy and foreign investment. In October 2009, Yemen exported its first liquefied natural gas as part of this diversification effort. In January 2010, the international community established the Friends of Yemen group that aimed to support Yemen's efforts toward economic and political reform. In 2012, the Friends of Yemen pledged nearly $7 billion in assistance to Yemen. The Yemeni Government also endorsed a Mutual Accountability Framework to facilitate the efficient implementation of donor aid. The unrest that began in early 2011 caused GDP to plunge almost 11% in that year. Progress toward achieving stability has been slow and uneven. Yemen continues to face difficult long-term challenges, including declining water resources, high unemployment, severe food scarcity, and a high population growth rate. The Yemeni Government regularly faces annual budget shortfalls. In July 2014, the government eliminated some fuel subsidies that accounted for approximately 25% of government spending in 2013; and in August 2014, the IMF approved a three-year, $570 million Extended Credit Facility for Yemen. Deteriorating security restricts economic growth and the provision of government services."
"text": "Yemen is a low-income country that faces difficult long-term challenges to stabilizing and growing its economy, and the current conflict has only exacerbated those issues. The ongoing war has halted Yemen’s exports, pressured the currency’s exchange rate, accelerated inflation, severely limited food and fuel imports, and caused widespread damage to infrastructure. At least 82% of the population is in need of humanitarian assistance. ++ ++ Prior to the start of the conflict in 2014, Yemen was highly dependent on declining oil resources for revenue. Oil and gas earnings accounted for roughly 25% of GDP and 65% of government revenue. The Yemeni Government regularly faced annual budget shortfalls and has tried to diversify the Yemeni economy through a reform program designed to bolster non-oil sectors of the economy and foreign investment. As part of these reform efforts, Yemen exported its first liquefied natural gas in October 2009. The international community supported Yemen’s efforts toward economic and political reform in part by establishing the Friends of Yemen group. In 2012, the Friends of Yemen pledged nearly $7 billion in assistance to Yemen. In July 2014, the government continued reform efforts by eliminating some fuel subsidies and in August 2014, the IMF approved a three-year, $570 million Extended Credit Facility for Yemen. ++ ++ However, the conflict that began in 2014 stalled these reform efforts. Rebel Huthi groups have interfered with Ministry of Finance and Central Bank operations and diverted funds for their own use. Yemen’s Central Bank reserves, which stood at $5.2 billion prior to the conflict, currently stand at $1.5 billion. The Central Bank is exposed to approximately $7 billion in overdraft, more than three times the legal limit, directly linked to the Huthis withdrawing $116 million on a monthly basis. The private sector is hemorrhaging, with almost all businesses making substantial layoffs. The Port of Hudaydah, which handles 60% of Yemen’s commercial traffic, was damaged in August 2015 as a result of the conflict and is only operating at 50% capacity. Access to food and other critical commodities such as medical equipment is limited across the country due to security issues on the ground. The Social Welfare Fund, a cash transfer program for Yemen’s neediest, is no longer operational and has not made any disbursements since late 2014. ++ ++ Yemen will require significant international assistance during and after the protracted conflict to stabilize its economy. Long-term challenges include a high population growth rate, high unemployment, declining water resources, and severe food scarcity."
},
"GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"text": "$104 billion (2014 est.) ++ $104.2 billion (2013 est.) ++ $99.41 billion (2012 est.)",
"text": "$75.69 billion (2015 est.) ++ $105.3 billion (2014 est.) ++ $105.5 billion (2013 est.)",
"note": {
"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
}
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$43.23 billion (2014 est.)"
"text": "$37.73 billion (2015 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "-0.2% (2014 est.) ++ 4.8% (2013 est.) ++ 2.4% (2012 est.)"
"text": "-28.1% (2015 est.) ++ -0.2% (2014 est.) ++ 4.8% (2013 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$3,800 (2014 est.) ++ $3,800 (2013 est.) ++ $3,600 (2012 est.)",
"text": "$2,700 (2015 est.) ++ $3,800 (2014 est.) ++ $4,000 (2013 est.)",
"note": {
"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
}
},
"Gross national saving": {
"text": "6.2% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 5% of GDP (2013 est.) ++ 7% of GDP (2012 est.)"
"text": "-3.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 6.2% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 5% of GDP (2013 est.)"
},
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
"household consumption": {
"text": "77.1%"
"text": "98.5%"
},
"government consumption": {
"text": "16.2%"
"text": "11.9%"
},
"investment in fixed capital": {
"text": "17.3%"
"text": "7.2%"
},
"investment in inventories": {
"text": "-3%"
"text": "-5%"
},
"exports of goods and services": {
"text": "24.8%"
"text": "6.5%"
},
"imports of goods and services": {
"text": "-32.4% ++ (2014 est.)"
"text": "-19.1% (2015 est.)"
}
},
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
"agriculture": {
"text": "15.8%"
"text": "22%"
},
"industry": {
"text": "32.1%"
"text": "11.3%"
},
"services": {
"text": "52.1% (2014 est.)"
"text": "66.6% (2015 est.)"
}
},
"Agriculture - products": {
@ -595,10 +595,10 @@
"text": "crude oil production and petroleum refining; small-scale production of cotton textiles, leather goods; food processing; handicrafts; aluminum products; cement; commercial ship repair; natural gas production"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "-1.3% (2014 est.)"
"text": "-71.3% (2015 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "7.184 million (2014 est.)"
"text": "7.324 million (2015 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"note": {
@ -613,91 +613,105 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "2.9%"
"text": "2.6%"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "30.8% (2005)"
"text": "30.3% (2008 est.)"
}
},
"Distribution of family income - Gini index": {
"text": "37.7 (2005) ++ 33.4 (1998)"
"text": "37.9 (2009 est.) ++ 37.3 (1999 est.)"
},
"Budget": {
"revenues": {
"text": "$10.26 billion"
"text": "$3.113 billion"
},
"expenditures": {
"text": "$14.34 billion (2014 est.)"
"text": "$6.729 billion (2015 est.)"
}
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "23.7% of GDP (2014 est.)"
"text": "8.4% of GDP (2015 est.)"
},
"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
"text": "-9.4% of GDP (2014 est.)"
"text": "-9.8% of GDP (2015 est.)"
},
"Public debt": {
"text": "57.2% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 57% of GDP (2013 est.)"
"text": "86.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 57.4% of GDP (2014 est.)"
},
"Fiscal year": {
"text": "calendar year"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"text": "8.2% (2014 est.) ++ 11% (2013 est.)"
"text": "39.4% (2015 est.) ++ 8.2% (2014 est.)"
},
"Central bank discount rate": {
"text": "NA%"
},
"Commercial bank prime lending rate": {
"text": "24% (31 December 2014 est.) ++ 22% (31 December 2013 est.)"
"text": "25% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 24% (31 December 2014 est.)"
},
"Stock of narrow money": {
"text": "$5.256 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $5.196 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
"text": "$4.993 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $5.256 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
},
"Stock of broad money": {
"text": "$16.02 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $14.04 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
},
"Stock of domestic credit": {
"text": "$12.78 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $12.17 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
"text": "$10.23 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $12.78 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
},
"Market value of publicly traded shares": {
"text": "$NA"
},
"Current account balance": {
"text": "-$715 million (2014 est.) ++ -$1.242 billion (2013 est.)"
"text": "-$2.065 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$715 million (2014 est.)"
},
"Exports": {
"text": "$8.291 billion (2014 est.) ++ $7.842 billion (2013 est.)"
"text": "$1.364 billion (2015 est.) ++ $7.601 billion (2014 est.)"
},
"Exports - commodities": {
"text": "crude oil, coffee, dried and salted fish, liquefied natural gas"
},
"Exports - partners": {
"text": "China 28.3%, South Korea 23%, Thailand 11.2%, Japan 8.1%, UAE 5.3% (2014)"
"text": "China 24.5%, UAE 16.5%, South Korea 10%, Saudi Arabia 10%, Kuwait 9.1%, India 8.5% (2015)"
},
"Imports": {
"text": "$10.19 billion (2014 est.) ++ $10.76 billion (2013 est.)"
"text": "$4.793 billion (2015 est.) ++ $10.86 billion (2014 est.)"
},
"Imports - commodities": {
"text": "food and live animals, machinery and equipment, chemicals"
},
"Imports - partners": {
"text": "China 15.9%, UAE 14%, India 9.6%, Saudi Arabia 6.6%, Kuwait 5%, Turkey 4.6% (2014)"
"text": "UAE 20.9%, China 14.3%, Saudi Arabia 9.9%, Kuwait 7.4%, India 4.6% (2015)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"text": "$4.665 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $5.336 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
"text": "$1.978 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.665 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
},
"Debt - external": {
"text": "$7.772 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $7.671 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
"text": "$7.697 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $7.71 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
},
"Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": {
"text": "$NA"
},
"Exchange rates": {
"text": "Yemeni rials (YER) per US dollar - ++ 214.89 (2014 est.) ++ 214.89 (2013 est.) ++ 214.35 (2012 est.) ++ 213.8 (2011 est.) ++ 219.59 (2010 est.)"
"text": "Yemeni rials (YER) per US dollar - ++ 228 (2015 est.) ++ 214.89 (2014 est.) ++ 214.89 (2013 est.) ++ 214.35 (2012 est.) ++ 213.8 (2011 est.)"
}
},
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"population without electricity": {
"text": "13,300,000"
},
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "48%"
},
"electrification - urban areas": {
"text": "79%"
},
"electrification - rural areas": {
"text": "33% (2013)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
"text": "6.185 billion kWh (2012 est.)"
},
@ -735,7 +749,7 @@
"text": "0 bbl/day (2012 est.)"
},
"Crude oil - proved reserves": {
"text": "3 billion bbl (1 January 2014 est.)"
"text": "3 billion bbl (1 January 2015 est.)"
},
"Refined petroleum products - production": {
"text": "27,840 bbl/day (2012 est.)"
@ -771,18 +785,18 @@
"Communications": {
"Telephones - fixed lines": {
"total subscriptions": {
"text": "1.17 million"
"text": "1.195 million"
},
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
"text": "4 (2014 est.)"
"text": "4 (July 2015 est.)"
}
},
"Telephones - mobile cellular": {
"total": {
"text": "17.1 million"
"text": "17.359 million"
},
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
"text": "66 (2014 est.)"
"text": "65 (July 2015 est.)"
}
},
"Telephone system": {
@ -793,31 +807,42 @@
"text": "the national network consists of microwave radio relay, cable, tropospheric scatter, GSM and CDMA mobile-cellular telephone systems; fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity remains low by regional standards"
},
"international": {
"text": "country code - 967; landing point for the international submarine cable Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 2 Arabsat; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and Djibouti (2006)"
"text": "country code - 967; landing point for the international submarine cable Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 2 Arabsat; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and Djibouti (2010)"
}
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "state-run TV with 2 stations; state-run radio with 2 national radio stations and 5 local stations; stations from Oman and Saudi Arabia can be accessed (2007)"
},
"Radio broadcast stations": {
"text": "AM 6, FM 1, shortwave 2 (1998)"
},
"Television broadcast stations": {
"text": "3 (including one Egypt-based station that broadcasts in Yemen); plus several repeaters (2007)"
},
"Internet country code": {
"text": ".ye"
},
"Internet users": {
"total": {
"text": "5 million"
"text": "6.711 million"
},
"percent of population": {
"text": "19.1% (2014 est.)"
"text": "25.1% (July 2015 est.)"
}
}
},
"Transportation": {
"National air transport system": {
"number of registered air carriers": {
"text": "2"
},
"inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
"text": "10"
},
"annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers": {
"text": "1,387,999"
},
"annual freight traffic on registered air carriers": {
"text": "0 mt-km (2015)"
}
},
"Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
"text": "7O (2016)"
},
"Airports": {
"text": "57 (2013)"
},
@ -855,7 +880,7 @@
"text": "16"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": " ++ 9 (2013)"
"text": "9 (2013)"
}
},
"Pipelines": {
@ -892,37 +917,13 @@
"text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports offshore waters in the Gulf of Aden are high risk for piracy; numerous vessels, including commercial shipping and pleasure craft, have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; crew, passengers, and cargo are held for ransom; the presence of several naval task forces in the Gulf of Aden and additional anti-piracy measures on the part of ship operators reduced the incidence of piracy in that body of water"
}
},
"Military": {
"Military and Security": {
"Military branches": {
"text": "Land Forces, Naval and Coastal Defense Forces (includes Marines), Air and Air Defense Force (al-Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Yemeniya), Border Guards, Strategic Reserve Forces (2013)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription; 2-year service obligation (2012)"
},
"Manpower available for military service": {
"males age 16-49": {
"text": "5,652,256"
},
"females age 16-49": {
"text": "5,387,160 (2010 est.)"
}
},
"Manpower fit for military service": {
"males age 16-49": {
"text": "4,056,944"
},
"females age 16-49": {
"text": "4,116,895 (2010 est.)"
}
},
"Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually": {
"male": {
"text": "287,141"
},
"female": {
"text": "277,612 (2010 est.)"
}
},
"Military expenditures": {
"text": "4.02% of GDP (2012) ++ 3.48% of GDP (2011) ++ 4.02% of GDP (2010)"
},
@ -936,18 +937,18 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "5,934 (Ethiopia) (2014); 249,061 (Somalia) (2015)"
"text": "5,645 (Ethiopia) (2015); 254,294 (Somalia) (2016)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "2,305,048 (conflict in Sa'ada governorate; clashes between AQAP and government forces) (2015)"
"text": "2,179,278 (conflict in Sa'ada Governorate; clashes between al-Qa'ida in the Arabian Peninsula and government forces) (2016)"
}
},
"Trafficking in persons": {
"current situation": {
"text": "Yemen is a source and, to a lesser extent, transit and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and women and children subjected to sex trafficking; some Yemeni children, mostly boys, migrate to Yemeni cities or across the border to Saudi Arabia and, less frequently Oman, where they end up as beggars, prostitutes, or forced laborers in domestic service or small shops; other Yemeni children were recruited as combatants or checkpoint guards by armed groups and continues to be used in the government’s military forces; Yemen is also a source country for girls sex trafficked within country or to Saudi Arabia; thousands of Yemeni migrant workers deported from Saudi Arabia and Syrian refugees are vulnerable to trafficking; additionally, Yemen is a destination and transit country for women and children from the Horn of Africa who are looking for work or receive fraudulent job offers in the Gulf states but are subjected to sexual exploitation or forced labor upon arrival; reports indicate that adults and children are still sold or inherited as slaves in Yemen"
"text": "Yemen is a source and, to a lesser extent, transit and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and women and children subjected to sex trafficking; trafficking activities grew in Yemen in 2014, as the country’s security situation deteriorated and poverty worsened; armed groups increased their recruitment of Yemeni children as combatants or checkpoint guards, and the Yemeni military and security forces continue to use child soldiers; some other Yemeni children, mostly boys, migrate to Yemeni cities or Saudi Arabia and, less frequently Oman, where they end up as beggars, drug smugglers, prostitutes, or forced laborers in domestic service or small shops; Yemeni children increasingly are also subjected to sex trafficking in country and in Saudi Arabia; tens of thousands of Yemeni migrant workers deported from Saudi Arabia and thousands of Syrian refugees are vulnerable to trafficking; additionally, Yemen is a destination and transit country for women and children from the Horn of Africa who are looking for work or receive fraudulent job offers in the Gulf states but are subjected to sexual exploitation or forced labor upon arrival; reports indicate that adults and children are still sold or inherited as slaves in Yemen"
},
"tier rating": {
"text": "Tier 3 – Yemen does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; prolonged political, economic, and security crises, as well as the continued conflation of trafficking and smuggling, impeded the government’s modest anti-trafficking efforts; authorities did not institute formal procedures to identify and protect trafficking victims in 2013, nor did they investigate or prosecute officials complicit in trafficking-related crimes; the government did not report efforts to investigate, prosecute, or convict trafficking offenses, and no known efforts were made to investigate or punish persons practicing chattel slavery; officials acknowledged the use of child soldiers and agreed to a UN action plan to eliminate it but did not make efforts to remove child soldiers from the military; draft anti-trafficking legislation still awaits parliamentary endorsement (2014)"
"text": "Tier 3 – Yemen does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; weak government institutions, corruption, economic problems, security threats, and poor law enforcement capabilities impeded the government’s ability to combat human trafficking; not all forms of trafficking are criminalized, and officials continue to conflate trafficking and smuggling; the status of an anti-trafficking law drafted with assistance from an international organization remains unknown following the dissolution of the government in January 2015; the government did not report efforts to investigate, prosecute, or convict anyone of trafficking or slavery offenses, including complicit officials, despite reports of officials willfully ignoring trafficking crimes and using child soldiers in the government’s armed forces; the government acknowledged the use of child soldiers and signed a UN action plan to end the practice in 2014 but made no efforts to release child soldiers from the military and provide them with rehabilitative services; authorities failed to identify victims and refer them to protective services; the status of a draft national anti-trafficking strategy remains unknown (2015)"
}
}
}