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This commit is contained in:
Gerald Bauer
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780ac9e05b
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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{
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"Introduction": {
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"Background": {
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"text": "Following World War II, the British withdrew from their mandate of Palestine, and the UN proposed partitioning the area into Arab and Jewish states, an arrangement rejected by the Arabs. Nonetheless, an Israeli state was declared in 1948 and the Israelis subsequently defeated the Arabs in a series of wars without ending the deep tensions between the two sides. (The territories Israel occupied since the 1967 war are not included in the Israel country profile, unless otherwise noted.) On 25 April 1982, Israel withdrew from the Sinai pursuant to the 1979 Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty. In keeping with the framework established at the Madrid Conference in October 1991, bilateral negotiations were conducted between Israel and Palestinian representatives and Syria to achieve a permanent settlement. Israel and Palestinian officials signed on 13 September 1993 a Declaration of Principles (also known as the \"Oslo Accords\"), enshrining the idea of a two-state solution to their conflict and guiding an interim period of Palestinian self-rule. Outstanding territorial and other disputes with Jordan were resolved in the 26 October 1994 Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace. ++ Progress toward a permanent status agreement with the Palestinians was undermined by Israeli-Palestinian violence between 2001 and February 2005. Israel in 2005 unilaterally disengaged from the Gaza Strip, evacuating settlers and its military while retaining control over most points of entry into the Gaza Strip. The election of HAMAS to head the Palestinian Legislative Council in 2006 froze relations between Israel and the Palestinian Authority (PA). Israel engaged in a 34-day conflict with Hizballah in Lebanon in June-August 2006 and a 23-day conflict with HAMAS in the Gaza Strip during December 2008 and January 2009. Direct talks with the Palestinians launched in September 2010 collapsed following the expiration of Israel's 10-month partial settlement construction moratorium in the West Bank. In November 2012, Israel engaged in a seven-day conflict with HAMAS in the Gaza Strip. Direct talks with the Palestinians resumed in July 2013 but were suspended in April 2014. Three months later HAMAS and other militant groups launched rockets into Israel, which led to a 51-day conflict between Israel and militants in Gaza."
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"text": "Following World War II, Britain withdrew from its mandate of Palestine, and the UN proposed partitioning the area into Arab and Jewish states, an arrangement rejected by the Arabs. Nonetheless, an Israeli state was declared in 1948, and Israel subsequently defeated the Arab armies in a series of wars that did not end deep tensions between the two sides. (The territories Israel has occupied since the 1967 war are not included in the Israel country profile, unless otherwise noted.) On 25 April 1982, Israel withdrew from the Sinai Peninsula pursuant to the 1979 Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty. In keeping with the framework established at the Madrid Conference in October 1991, Israel conducted bilateral negotiations with Palestinian representatives and Syria to achieve a permanent settlement with each. Israel and Palestinian officials on 13 September 1993 signed a Declaration of Principles (also known as the \"Oslo Accords\"), enshrining the idea of a two-state solution to their conflict and guiding an interim period of Palestinian self-rule. The parties achieved six additional significant interim agreements between 1994 and 1999 aimed at creating the conditions for a two-state solution, but most were never fully realized. Outstanding territorial and other disputes with Jordan were resolved in the 26 October 1994 Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty. ++ Progress toward a final status agreement with the Palestinians was undermined by Israeli-Palestinian violence between 2001 and February 2005. Israel in 2005 unilaterally disengaged from the Gaza Strip, evacuating settlers and its military while retaining control over most points of entry into the Gaza Strip. The election of HAMAS to head the Palestinian Legislative Council in 2006 temporarily froze relations between Israel and the Palestinian Authority (PA). Israel engaged in a 34-day conflict with Hizballah in Lebanon from July-August 2006 and a 23-day conflict with HAMAS in the Gaza Strip from December 2008-January 2009. In November 2012, Israel engaged in a seven-day conflict with HAMAS in the Gaza Strip. Direct talks with the Palestinians most recently launched in July 2013 but were suspended in April 2014. The talks represented the fourth concerted effort to resolve final status issues between the sides since they were first discussed at Camp David in 2000. Three months later HAMAS and other militant groups launched rockets into Israel, which led to a 51-day conflict between Israel and militants in Gaza."
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}
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},
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"Geography": {
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@ -26,10 +26,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Area - comparative": {
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"text": "slightly larger than New Jersey",
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"Area comparison map": {
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"text": null
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}
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"text": "slightly larger than New Jersey"
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},
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"Land boundaries": {
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"total": {
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@ -56,12 +53,12 @@
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"Terrain": {
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"text": "Negev desert in the south; low coastal plain; central mountains; Jordan Rift Valley"
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},
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"Elevation extremes": {
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"lowest point": {
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"text": "Dead Sea -408 m"
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"Elevation": {
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"mean elevation": {
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"text": "508 m"
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},
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"highest point": {
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"text": "Har Meron 1,208 m"
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"elevation extremes": {
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"text": "lowest point: Dead Sea -408 m ++ highest point: Har Meron 1,208 m"
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}
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},
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"Natural resources": {
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@ -79,18 +76,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Irrigated land": {
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"text": "2,250 sq km (2004)"
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "1.78 cu km (2011)"
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},
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"Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)": {
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"total": {
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"text": "1.95 cu km/yr (39%/6%/55%)"
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},
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"per capita": {
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"text": "282.4 cu m/yr (2009)"
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}
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"text": "2,250 sq km (2012)"
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},
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"Natural hazards": {
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"text": "sandstorms may occur during spring and summer; droughts; periodic earthquakes"
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@ -111,6 +97,12 @@
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}
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},
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"People and Society": {
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"Population": {
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"text": "8,174,527 (includes populations of the Golan Heights of Golan Sub-District and also East Jerusalem, which was annexed by Israel after 1967) (July 2016 est.)",
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"note": {
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"text": "approximately 20,500 Israeli settlers live in the Golan Heights; approximately 211,640 Israeli settlers live in East Jerusalem (2014)"
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}
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},
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"Nationality": {
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"noun": {
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"text": "Israeli(s)"
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@ -120,41 +112,29 @@
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}
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},
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"Ethnic groups": {
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"text": "Jewish 75% (of which Israel-born 74.4%, Europe/America/Oceania-born 17.4%, Africa-born 5.1%, Asia-born 3.1%), non-Jewish 25% (mostly Arab) (2013 est.)"
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"text": "Jewish 74.8% (of which Israel-born 75.6%, Europe/America/Oceania-born 16.6%, Africa-born 4.9%, Asia-born 2.9%), non-Jewish 25.2% (mostly Arab) (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Languages": {
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"text": "Hebrew (official), Arabic (used officially for Arab minority), English (most commonly used foreign language)"
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},
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"Religions": {
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"text": "Jewish 75%, Muslim 17.5%, Christian 2%, Druze 1.6%, other 3.9% (2013 est.)",
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"religious affiliation": {
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"text": null
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}
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},
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"Population": {
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"text": "8,049,314 (includes populations of the Golan Heights of Golan Sub-District and East Jerusalem, which was annexed by Israel after 1967) (July 2014 est.)",
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"note": {
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"text": "approximately 19,400 Israeli settlers live in the Golan Heights; approximately 200,000 Israeli settlers live in East Jerusalem (2013) (July 2015 est.)"
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}
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"text": "Jewish 74.8%, Muslim 17.6%, Christian 2%, Druze 1.6%, other 4% (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Age structure": {
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"0-14 years": {
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"text": "27.95% (male 1,151,247/female 1,098,632)"
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"text": "27.73% (male 1,159,980/female 1,106,946)"
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},
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"15-24 years": {
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"text": "15.5% (male 637,758/female 609,597)"
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"text": "15.52% (male 648,199/female 620,218)"
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},
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"25-54 years": {
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"text": "37.13% (male 1,528,271/female 1,460,772)"
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"text": "37.15% (male 1,552,754/female 1,484,059)"
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},
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"55-64 years": {
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"text": "8.57% (male 336,662/female 353,352)"
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"text": "8.51% (male 340,601/female 355,382)"
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},
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"65 years and over": {
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"text": "10.85% (male 389,401/female 483,622) (2015 est.)"
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},
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"population pyramid": {
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"text": null
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"text": "11.09% (male 405,511/female 500,877) (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Dependency ratios": {
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@ -173,26 +153,26 @@
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},
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"Median age": {
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"total": {
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"text": "39.6 years"
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"text": "29.7 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "28.9 years"
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"text": "29.1 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "30.2 years (2015 est.)"
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"text": "30.4 years (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Population growth rate": {
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"text": "1.56% (2015 est.)"
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"text": "1.53% (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Birth rate": {
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"text": "18.48 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "18.3 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Death rate": {
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"text": "5.15 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "5.2 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Net migration rate": {
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"text": "2.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "2.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Urbanization": {
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"urban population": {
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@ -203,7 +183,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Major urban areas - population": {
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"text": "Tel Aviv-Yafo 3.608 million; Haifa 1.097 million; JERUSALEM (capital) 839,000 (2015)"
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"text": "Tel Aviv-Yafo 3.608 million; Haifa 1.097 million; JERUSALEM (proclaimed capital) 839,000 (2015)"
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},
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"Sex ratio": {
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"at birth": {
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@ -219,45 +199,48 @@
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"text": "1.05 male(s)/female"
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},
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"55-64 years": {
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"text": "0.95 male(s)/female"
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"text": "0.96 male(s)/female"
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},
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"65 years and over": {
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"text": "0.81 male(s)/female"
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},
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"total population": {
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"text": "1.01 male(s)/female (2015 est.)"
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"text": "1.01 male(s)/female (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
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"text": "27.3 (2011 est.)"
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},
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"Maternal mortality rate": {
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"text": "5 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Infant mortality rate": {
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"total": {
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"text": "3.55 deaths/1,000 live births"
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"text": "3.5 deaths/1,000 live births"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "3.51 deaths/1,000 live births"
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"text": "3.5 deaths/1,000 live births"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "3.58 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)"
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"text": "3.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Life expectancy at birth": {
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"total population": {
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"text": "82.27 years"
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"text": "82.4 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "80.43 years"
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"text": "80.6 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "84.21 years (2015 est.)"
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"text": "84.4 years (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Total fertility rate": {
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"text": "2.68 children born/woman (2015 est.)"
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"text": "2.66 children born/woman (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Health expenditures": {
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"text": "7.2% of GDP (2013)"
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"text": "7.8% of GDP (2014)"
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},
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"Physicians density": {
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"text": "3.34 physicians/1,000 population (2012)"
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@ -294,7 +277,7 @@
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"text": "25.8% (2014)"
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},
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"Education expenditures": {
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"text": "5.6% of GDP (2011)"
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"text": "5.9% of GDP (2013)"
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},
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"Literacy": {
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"definition": {
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@ -315,21 +298,21 @@
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"text": "16 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "15 years"
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"text": "16 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "16 years (2012)"
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"text": "16 years (2014)"
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}
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},
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"Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": {
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"total": {
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"text": "12.1%"
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"text": "10.6%"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "11.6%"
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"text": "10.1%"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "12.7% (2012 est.)"
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"text": "11.1% (2014 est.)"
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}
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}
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},
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@ -346,6 +329,9 @@
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},
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"local short form": {
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"text": "Yisra'el"
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},
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"etymology": {
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"text": "named after the ancient Kingdom of Israel; according to Biblical tradition, the Jewish patriarch Jacob received the name \"Israel\" (\"He who struggles with God\") after he wrestled an entire night with an angel of the Lord; Jacob's 12 sons became the ancestors of the Israelites, also known as the Twelve Tribes of Israel, who formed the Kingdom of Israel"
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}
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},
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"Government type": {
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@ -353,7 +339,7 @@
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},
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"Capital": {
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"name": {
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"text": "Jerusalem: note - Israel proclaimed Jerusalem as its capital in 1950, but the US, like all other countries, maintains its embassy in Tel Aviv"
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"text": "Jerusalem: note - while Israel proclaimed Jerusalem as its capital in 1950, the international community does not recognize it as such; the US, like all other countries, maintains its embassy in Tel Aviv-Yafo"
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},
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"geographic coordinates": {
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"text": "31 46 N, 35 14 E"
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@ -362,7 +348,7 @@
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"text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
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},
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"daylight saving time": {
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"text": "+1hr, begins Friday before the last Sunday in March; ends the last Sunday in October"
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"text": "+1hr, Friday before the last Sunday in March; ends the last Sunday in October"
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}
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},
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"Administrative divisions": {
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@ -375,23 +361,29 @@
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"text": "Independence Day, 14 May (1948); note - Israel declared independence on 14 May 1948, but the Jewish calendar is lunar and the holiday may occur in April or May"
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},
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"Constitution": {
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"text": "no formal constitution; some functions of a constitution are filled mostly by the Declaration of Establishment (1948), the Basic Laws, and the Law of Return (as amended) (2015)"
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"text": "no formal constitution; some functions of a constitution are filled mostly by the Declaration of Establishment (1948), the Basic Laws, and the Law of Return (as amended); Basic Laws amended several times, last in 2014 (2016)"
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},
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"Legal system": {
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"text": "mixed legal system of English common law, British Mandate regulations, and Jewish, Christian, and Muslim religious laws"
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},
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"International law organization participation": {
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"text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; withdrew acceptance of ICCt jurisdiction in 2002"
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"text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; withdrew acceptance of International Criminal Court jurisdiction in 2002"
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},
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"Citizenship": {
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"birthright citizenship": {
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"text": ""
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"citizenship by birth": {
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"text": "no"
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},
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"citizenship by descent only": {
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"text": "at least one parent must be a citizen of Israel"
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},
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"dual citizenship recognized": {
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"text": "yes"
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"text": "yes, but naturalized citizens are not allowed to maintain dual citizenship"
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},
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"residency requirement for naturalization": {
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"text": ""
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"text": "3 out of the 5 years preceding the application for naturalization"
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},
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"note": {
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"text": "Israeli law (Law of Return, 5 July 1950) provides for the granting of citizenship to any Jew - defined as a person being born to a Jewish mother or having converted to Judaism while renouncing any other religion - who immigrates to and expresses a desire to settle in Israel on the basis of the Right of aliyah; the 1970 amendment of this act extended the right to family members including the spouse of a Jew, any child or grandchild, and the spouses of children and grandchildren"
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}
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},
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"Suffrage": {
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"text": "Cabinet selected by prime minister and approved by the Knesset"
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},
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"elections/appointments": {
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"text": "president indirectly elected by the Knesset for a 7-year term (limited to 1 term); election last held on 10 June 2014 (next to be held in 2021 but can be called earlier); following legislative elections, the president, in consultation with party leaders, selects a Knesset member as prime minister most likely to form a new government"
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"text": "president indirectly elected by the Knesset for a 7-year term (limited to 1 term); election last held on 10 June 2014 (next to be held in 2021 but can be called earlier); following legislative elections, the president, in consultation with party leaders, tasks a Knesset member (usually the member of the largest party) with forming a government"
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},
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"election results": {
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"text": "Reuven RIVLIN elected president in second round; Knesset vote - Reuven RIVLIN (Likud) 63, Meir SHEETRIT (The Movement) 53 , other/invalid 4"
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@ -422,7 +414,7 @@
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"text": "last held on 17 March 2015 (next to be held in 2019 but can be called earlier)"
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},
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"election results": {
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"text": "percent of vote by party - Likud 23.4%, Zionist Union 18.7%, Joint List 10.6%, Yesh Atid 8.8%, Kulanu 7.5%, The Jewish Home 6.7%, Shas, 5.7%, Yisrael Beitenu 5.1%, UTJ 5%, Meretz 3.9%, Yachad 3.0%, other 1.6%; seats by party - Likud 30, Zionist Union 24, Joint List 13, Yesh Atid 11, Kulanu 10, The Jewish Home 8, Shas 7, Yisrael Beitenu 6, , UTJ 6, Meretz 5"
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"text": "percent of vote by party - Likud 23.4%, Zionist Camp 18.7%, Joint List 10.6%, Yesh Atid 8.8%, Kulanu 7.5%, The Jewish Home 6.7%, Shas, 5.7%, Yisrael Beitenu 5.1%, UTJ 5.0%, Meretz 3.9%, Yachad 3.0%, other 1.6%; seats by party - Likud 30, Zionist Camp 24, Joint List 13, Yesh Atid 11, Kulanu 10, The Jewish Home 8, Shas 7, Yisrael Beitenu 6, UTJ 6, Meretz 5"
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}
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},
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"Judicial branch": {
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@ -430,17 +422,17 @@
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"text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 14 judges)"
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},
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"judge selection and term of office": {
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"text": "judges selected by the Judicial Selection Committee, made up of all 3 branches of the government and chaired by the Minister of Justice; judges can serve up to mandatory retirement at age 70"
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"text": "judges selected by the Judicial Selection Committee consisting of 3 Supreme Court judges, 2 Cabinet members including the Minister of Justice as chairman, 2 Knesset members, and 2 representatives from the Israel Bar Association; judges can serve up to mandatory retirement at age 70"
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},
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"subordinate courts": {
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"text": "district and magistrate courts; national and regional labor courts; special and religious courts"
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}
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},
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"Political parties and leaders": {
|
||||
"text": "Balad [Jamal ZAHALKA] ++ Democratic Front for Peace and Equality (HADASH) [Aiman UDA] ++ Kadima [Shaul MOFAZ] ++ Kulanu [Moshe KAHLON] ++ Joint List [Ayman ODEH] ++ Labor Party [Isaac HERZOG] ++ Likud [Binyamin NETANYAHU] ++ Meretz [Zehava GALON] ++ Shas [Arye DERI] ++ The Jewish Home (Bayit Yehudi) [Naftali BENNETT] ++ The Movement (Hatnuah) [Tzipora \"Tzipi\" LIVNI] ++ The New Movement-Meretz [Haim ORON] ++ United Arab List-Ta'al [Ibrahim SARSUR] ++ United Torah Judaism or UTJ [Yaakov LITZMAN] (an alliance of three parties) ++ Yesh Atid [Yair LAPID] ++ Yisrael Beiteinu [Avigdor LIEBERMAN] ++ Zionist Union [Isaac HERZOG, Tzipora \"Tzipi\" LIVNI] (established by the Labor Party and Hatnuah for March 2015 election)"
|
||||
"text": "Balad [Jamal ZAHALKA] ++ Democratic Front for Peace and Equality (HADASH) [ODEH] ++ Kulanu [Moshe KAHLON] ++ Labor [Yitzhak HERZOG] ++ Likud [Binyamin NETANYAHU] ++ Meretz [Zehava GALON] ++ SHAS [Arye DERI] ++ Tekumah/National Union (Ichud Leumi) [Uri ARIEL] ++ The Jewish Home (Habayit Hayehudi) [Naftali BENNETT] ++ The Movement (Hatnuah) [Tzipora \"Tzipi\" LIVNI] ++ United Arab List-Ta'al [Masud GANAIM] ++ United Torah Judaism or UTJ [Yaakov LITZMAN] (an alliance of three parties) ++ Yesh Atid [Yair LAPID] ++ Yisrael Beiteinu [Avigdor LIEBERMAN] ++ "
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Political pressure groups and leaders": {
|
||||
"text": "Breaking the Silence [Yehuda SHAUL, Executive Director] collects testimonies from soldiers who served in the West Bank and Gaza Strip ++ B'Tselem [Jessica MONTELL, Executive Director] monitors human rights abuses ++ Peace Now [Yariv OPPENHEIMER, Secretary General] supports territorial concessions in the West Bank and Gaza Strip ++ YESHA Council [Danny DAYAN, Chairman] promotes settler interests and opposes territorial compromise"
|
||||
"text": "Breaking the Silence [Yehuda SHAUL, executive director] collects testimonies from soldiers who served in the West Bank and Gaza Strip ++ B'Tselem [Hagai EL-AD, executive director] monitors human rights abuses ++ Peace Now [Yariv OPPENHEIMER, secretary general] supports territorial concessions in the West Bank and Gaza Strip ++ YESHA Council [Avi ROEHD, chairman] promotes settler interests and opposes territorial compromise"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"International organization participation": {
|
||||
"text": "BIS, BSEC (observer), CE (observer), CERN, CICA, EBRD, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW (signatory), OSCE (partner), Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
|
||||
|
|
@ -499,58 +491,58 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Economy": {
|
||||
"Economy - overview": {
|
||||
"text": "Israel has a technologically advanced market economy. Cut diamonds, high-technology equipment, and pharmaceuticals are among the leading exports. Its major imports include crude oil, grains, raw materials, and military equipment. Israel usually posts sizable trade deficits, which are covered by tourism and other service exports, as well as significant foreign investment inflows. Between 2004 and 2013, growth averaged nearly 5% per year, led by exports. The global financial crisis of 2008-09 spurred a brief recession in Israel, but the country entered the crisis with solid fundamentals, following years of prudent fiscal policy and a resilient banking sector. Israel's economy also has weathered the Arab Spring because strong trade ties outside the Middle East have insulated the economy from spillover effects. Slowing demand domestically and internationally and reduced investment due to uncertainties caused by the Gaza conflict in summer 2014 have reduced GDP growth to about 2% during 2014. Natural gas fields discovered off Israel's coast since 2009 have brightened Israel's energy security outlook. The Tamar and Leviathan fields were some of the world's largest offshore natural gas finds this past decade. The massive Leviathan field is expected to come online no sooner than 2017, but production from Tamar provided a one percentage point boost to Israel's GDP in 2013 and a 0.5% boost in 2014. In mid-2011, public protests arose around income inequality and rising housing and commodity prices. Israel's income inequality and poverty rates are among the highest of OECD countries and there is a broad perception among the public that a small number of \"tycoons\" have a cartel-like grip over the major parts of the economy. The government formed committees and has started splitting up the oligopolies to address some of the grievances but has maintained that it will not engage in deficit spending to satisfy populist demands. Over the long term, Israel faces structural issues, including low labor participation rates for its fastest growing social segments - the ultra-orthodox and Arab-Israeli communities. Also, Israel's progressive, globally competitive, knowledge-based technology sector employs only 9% of the workforce, with the rest employed in manufacturing and services - sectors which face downward wage pressures from global competition."
|
||||
"text": "Israel has a technologically advanced free market economy. Cut diamonds, high-technology equipment, and pharmaceuticals are among its leading exports. Its major imports include crude oil, grains, raw materials, and military equipment. Israel usually posts sizable trade deficits, which are covered by tourism and other service exports, as well as significant foreign investment inflows. ++ ++ Between 2004 and 2013, growth averaged nearly 5% per year, led by exports. The global financial crisis of 2008-09 spurred a brief recession in Israel, but the country entered the crisis with solid fundamentals, following years of prudent fiscal policy and a resilient banking sector. Israel's economy also weathered the 2011 Arab Spring because strong trade ties outside the Middle East have insulated the economy from spillover effects. ++ ++ Slowing domestic and international demand and decreased investment resulting from Israel’s uncertain security situation reduced GDP growth to an average of roughly 2.6% per year during 2014-15. Natural gas fields discovered off Israel's coast since 2009 have brightened Israel's energy security outlook. The Tamar and Leviathan fields were some of the world's largest offshore natural gas finds in the last decade. Political and regulatory issues have delayed the development of the massive Leviathan field, but production from Tamar provided a 0.8% boost to Israel's GDP in 2013 and a 0.3% boost in 2014. One of the most carbon intense OECD countries, Israel generates about 57% of its power from coal and only 2.6% from renewable sources. ++ ++ Income inequality and high housing and commodity prices continue to be a concern for many Israelis. Israel's income inequality and poverty rates are among the highest of OECD countries, and there is a broad perception among the public that a small number of \"tycoons\" have a cartel-like grip over the major parts of the economy. Government officials have called for reforms to boost the housing supply and to increase competition in the banking sector to address these public grievances. Despite calls for reforms, the restricted housing supply continues to impact the well-being of younger Israelis seeking to purchase homes. Tariffs and non-tariff barriers, coupled with guaranteed prices and customs tariffs for farmers have kept food prices high through 2015. ++ ++ In the long term, Israel faces structural issues, including low labor participation rates for its fastest growing social segments - the ultraorthodox and Arab-Israeli communities. Also, Israel's progressive, globally competitive, knowledge-based technology sector employs only about 8% of the workforce, with the rest mostly employed in manufacturing and services - sectors which face downward wage pressures from global competition. Expenditures on educational institutions remain low compared to most other OECD countries with similar GDP per capita."
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
|
||||
"text": "$272.1 billion (2014 est.) ++ $265.3 billion (2013 est.) ++ $257 billion (2012 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "$285.3 billion (2015 est.) ++ $278.3 billion (2014 est.) ++ $269.7 billion (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
|
||||
"text": "$305.7 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$299.4 billion (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - real growth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "2.6% (2014 est.) ++ 3.3% (2013 est.) ++ 2.9% (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "2.5% (2015 est.) ++ 3.2% (2014 est.) ++ 4.4% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
|
||||
"text": "$33,100 (2014 est.) ++ $32,300 (2013 est.) ++ $31,300 (2012 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "$34,100 (2015 est.) ++ $33,900 (2014 est.) ++ $33,500 (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving": {
|
||||
"text": "24.3% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 23.2% of GDP (2013 est.) ++ 22.5% of GDP (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "24.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 24.2% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 23.6% of GDP (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
|
||||
"household consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "55.9%"
|
||||
"text": "55.3%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"government consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "22.5%"
|
||||
"text": "22.3%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"investment in fixed capital": {
|
||||
"text": "19.4%"
|
||||
"text": "18.6%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"investment in inventories": {
|
||||
"text": "0.6%"
|
||||
"text": "0.9%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"exports of goods and services": {
|
||||
"text": "32.3%"
|
||||
"text": "31.2%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"imports of goods and services": {
|
||||
"text": "-30.6% ++ (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-28.3% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
"text": "2.4%"
|
||||
"text": "2.1%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"industry": {
|
||||
"text": "25.7%"
|
||||
"text": "27.2%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"services": {
|
||||
"text": "71.9% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "69.1% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Agriculture - products": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -560,121 +552,126 @@
|
|||
"text": "high-technology products (including aviation, communications, computer-aided design and manufactures, medical electronics, fiber optics), wood and paper products, potash and phosphates, food, beverages, and tobacco, caustic soda, cement, construction, metal products, chemical products, plastics, cut diamonds, textiles, footwear"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Industrial production growth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "2% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "3.2% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force": {
|
||||
"text": "3.778 million (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "3.846 million (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force - by occupation": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
"text": "1.6%"
|
||||
"text": "1.1%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"industry": {
|
||||
"text": "18.1%"
|
||||
"text": "17.3%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"services": {
|
||||
"text": "80.3% (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "81.6% (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Unemployment rate": {
|
||||
"text": "5.9% (2014 est.) ++ 6.2% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "5.3% (2015 est.) ++ 5.9% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Population below poverty line": {
|
||||
"text": "21%",
|
||||
"text": "22%",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "Israel's poverty line is $7.30 per person per day (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "Israel's poverty line is $7.30 per person per day (2014 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
|
||||
"lowest 10%": {
|
||||
"text": "2.5%"
|
||||
"text": "1.7%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"highest 10%": {
|
||||
"text": "24.3% (2008)"
|
||||
"text": "31.3% (2010)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Distribution of family income - Gini index": {
|
||||
"text": "37.6 (2012) ++ 39.2 (2008)"
|
||||
"text": "42.8 (2013) ++ 39.2 (2008)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$78.78 billion"
|
||||
"text": "$77.22 billion"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "$87.14 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$83.53 billion (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "25.8% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "26.1% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
|
||||
"text": "-2.7% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-2.1% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Public debt": {
|
||||
"text": "65.9% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 66% of GDP (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "63.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 65.9% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Fiscal year": {
|
||||
"text": "calendar year"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
|
||||
"text": "0.5% (2014 est.) ++ 1.5% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-0.6% (2015 est.) ++ 0.5% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Central bank discount rate": {
|
||||
"text": "0.25% (31 December 2014) ++ 1% (31 December 2013)"
|
||||
"text": "0.1% (15 December 2015) ++ 0.25% (31 December 2014)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Commercial bank prime lending rate": {
|
||||
"text": "3.91% (31 December 2014 est.) ++ 4.54% (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "3.46% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 3.91% (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of narrow money": {
|
||||
"text": "$43.13 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $39.39 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$63.41 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $43.13 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of broad money": {
|
||||
"text": "$153.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $155.6 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$246 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $155.6 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of domestic credit": {
|
||||
"text": "$201.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $217 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$211.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $201.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Market value of publicly traded shares": {
|
||||
"text": "$148.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $145 billion (31 December 2011) ++ $218.1 billion (31 December 2010 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$243.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $200.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $203.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Current account balance": {
|
||||
"text": "$13.25 billion (2014 est.) ++ $8.813 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$13.89 billion (2015 est.) ++ $12.48 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports": {
|
||||
"text": "$63.34 billion (2014 est.) ++ $62.67 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$56.29 billion (2015 est.) ++ $63.76 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "machinery and equipment, software, cut diamonds, agricultural products, chemicals, textiles and apparel"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "US 26.9%, Hong Kong 8.9%, UK 5.8%, Belgium 4.8%, China 4%, Turkey 4% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "US 27.5%, Hong Kong 8%, UK 6.1%, China 4.9% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports": {
|
||||
"text": "$71.2 billion (2014 est.) ++ $71.08 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$59.49 billion (2015 est.) ++ $70.36 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "raw materials, military equipment, investment goods, rough diamonds, fuels, grain, consumer goods"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "US 11.8%, China 8.3%, Switzerland 7.2%, Germany 6.4%, Belgium 5.3% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "US 13%, China 9.3%, Switzerland 7.1%, Germany 6.1%, Belgium 5.3%, Italy 4% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
|
||||
"text": "$86.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $81.79 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$90.58 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $86.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Debt - external": {
|
||||
"text": "$97.12 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $101.9 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$89.36 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $96.13 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": {
|
||||
"text": "$98.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $87.97 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$104.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $93.28 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": {
|
||||
"text": "$78.02 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $75.37 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$89.39 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $79.69 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exchange rates": {
|
||||
"text": "new Israeli shekels (ILS) per US dollar - ++ 3.5779 (2014 est.) ++ 3.5779 (2013 est.) ++ 3.86 (2012 est.) ++ 3.5781 (2011 est.) ++ 3.739 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "new Israeli shekels (ILS) per US dollar - ++ 3.8869 (2015 est.) ++ 3.5779 (2014 est.) ++ 3.5779 (2013 est.) ++ 3.86 (2012 est.) ++ 3.5781 (2011 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Energy": {
|
||||
"Electricity access": {
|
||||
"electrification - total population": {
|
||||
"text": "100% (2016)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - production": {
|
||||
"text": "64.44 billion kWh (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -748,18 +745,18 @@
|
|||
"Communications": {
|
||||
"Telephones - fixed lines": {
|
||||
"total subscriptions": {
|
||||
"text": "2.9 million"
|
||||
"text": "3.412 million"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "37 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "42 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephones - mobile cellular": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "9.5 million"
|
||||
"text": "10.57 million"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "120 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "131 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephone system": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -767,34 +764,45 @@
|
|||
"text": "most highly developed system in the Middle East"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"domestic": {
|
||||
"text": "good system of coaxial cable and microwave radio relay; all systems are digital; four privately owned mobile-cellular service providers with countrywide coverage"
|
||||
"text": "good system of coaxial cable and microwave radio relay; all systems are digital; competition among both fixed-line and mobile cellular providers results in good coverage countrywide"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"international": {
|
||||
"text": "country code - 972; submarine cables provide links to Europe, Cyprus, and parts of the Middle East; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) (2011)"
|
||||
"text": "country code - 972; submarine cables provide links to Europe, Cyprus, and parts of the Middle East; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Broadcast media": {
|
||||
"text": "state broadcasting network, operated by the Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA), broadcasts on 2 channels, one in Hebrew and the other in Arabic; 5 commercial channels including a channel broadcasting in Russian, a channel broadcasting Knesset proceedings, and a music channel supervised by a public body; multi-channel satellite and cable TV packages provide access to foreign channels; IBA broadcasts on 8 radio networks with multiple repeaters and Israel Defense Forces Radio broadcasts over multiple stations; about 15 privately owned radio stations; overall more than 100 stations and repeater stations (2008)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Radio broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "AM 23, FM 15, shortwave 0 (2010)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Television broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "7 (2009)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet country code": {
|
||||
"text": ".il"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "6 million"
|
||||
"text": "6.35 million"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "75.8% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "78.9% (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transportation": {
|
||||
"National air transport system": {
|
||||
"number of registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "6"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "60"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "6,064,478"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual freight traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "758,633,996 mt-km (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
|
||||
"text": "4X (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports": {
|
||||
"text": "47 (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -829,7 +837,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": " ++ 14 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "14 (2013)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -874,39 +882,15 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military": {
|
||||
"Military and Security": {
|
||||
"Military branches": {
|
||||
"text": "Israel Defense Forces (IDF), Israel Naval Force (IN), Israel Air Force (IAF) (2010)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18 years of age for compulsory (Jews, Druzes) military service; 17 years of age for voluntary (Christians, Muslims, Circassians) military service; both sexes are obligated to military service; conscript service obligation - 36 months for enlisted men, 21 months for enlisted women, 48 months for officers; pilots commit to 9 years service; reserve obligation to age 41-51 (men), 24 (women) (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower available for military service": {
|
||||
"males age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "1,797,960"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"females age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "1,713,230 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower fit for military service": {
|
||||
"males age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "1,517,510"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"females age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "1,446,132 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually": {
|
||||
"male": {
|
||||
"text": "62,304"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"female": {
|
||||
"text": "59,418 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"text": "18 years of age for compulsory (Jews, Druze) military service; 17 years of age for voluntary (Christians, Muslims, Circassians) military service; both sexes are obligated to military service; conscript service obligation - 32 months for enlisted men and 24 months for enlisted women (varies based on military occupation), 48 months for officers; pilots commit to 9 years service; reserve obligation to age 41-51 (men), age 24 (women) (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "5.69% of GDP (2012) ++ 5.87% of GDP (2011) ++ 5.69% of GDP (2010)"
|
||||
"text": "5.58% of GDP (2014) ++ 5.53% of GDP (2013) ++ 5.69% of GDP (2012) ++ 5.87% of GDP (2011) ++ 5.69% of GDP (2010)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -915,10 +899,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "32,668 (Eritrea); 6,588 (Sudan) (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "31,708 (Eritrea); 6,333 (Sudan) (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "10 (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "15 (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Illicit drugs": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue