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nov/5 up
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Gerald Bauer
parent
780ac9e05b
commit
ca94e2fef5
261 changed files with 32420 additions and 31899 deletions
337
europe/up.json
337
europe/up.json
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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{
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"Introduction": {
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"Background": {
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"text": "Ukraine was the center of the first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in Europe. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was absorbed by the Russian Empire. Following the collapse of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine achieved a short-lived period of independence (1917-20), but was reconquered and endured a brutal Soviet rule that engineered two forced famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died. In World War II, German and Soviet armies were responsible for 7 to 8 million more deaths. Although Ukraine achieved final independence in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR, democracy and prosperity remained elusive as the legacy of state control and endemic corruption stalled efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties. ++ A peaceful mass protest referred to as the \"Orange Revolution\" in the closing months of 2004 forced the authorities to overturn a rigged presidential election and to allow a new internationally monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. Subsequent internal squabbles in the YUSHCHENKO camp allowed his rival Viktor YANUKOVYCH to stage a comeback in parliamentary (Rada) elections, become prime minister in August 2006, and be elected president in February 2010. In October 2012, Ukraine held Rada elections, widely criticized by Western observers as flawed due to use of government resources to favor ruling party candidates, interference with media access, and harassment of opposition candidates. President YANUKOVYCH's backtracking on a trade and cooperation agreement with the EU in November 2013 - in favor of closer economic ties with Russia - and subsequent use of force against civil society activists in favor of the agreement led to a three-month protest occupation of Kyiv's central square. The government's use of violence to break up the protest camp in February 2014 led to all out pitched battles, scores of deaths, international condemnation, and the president's abrupt departure to Russia. New elections in the spring allowed pro-West president Petro POROSHENKO to assume office on 7 June 2014. ++ Shortly after YANUKOVYCH's departure in March 2014, Russian President PUTIN ordered the invasion of Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula claiming the action was to protect ethnic Russians living there. Two weeks later, a \"referendum\" was held regarding the integration of Crimea into the Russian Federation. The \"referendum\" was condemned as illegitimate by the Ukrainian Government, the EU, the US, and the UN General Assembly. Although Russia illegally annexed Crimea after the \"referendum,\" the Ukrainian Government asserts that Crimea remains part of Ukraine. Russia also continues to supply separatists in two of Ukraine's eastern provinces with manpower, funding, and materiel resulting in an armed conflict with the Ukrainian Government."
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"text": "Ukraine was the center of the first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in Europe. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was absorbed by the Russian Empire. Following the collapse of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine achieved a short-lived period of independence (1917-20), but was reconquered and endured a brutal Soviet rule that engineered two forced famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died. In World War II, German and Soviet armies were responsible for 7 to 8 million more deaths. Although Ukraine achieved final independence in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR, democracy and prosperity remained elusive as the legacy of state control and endemic corruption stalled efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties. ++ A peaceful mass protest referred to as the \"Orange Revolution\" in the closing months of 2004 forced the authorities to overturn a rigged presidential election and to allow a new internationally monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. Subsequent internal squabbles in the YUSHCHENKO camp allowed his rival Viktor YANUKOVYCH to stage a comeback in parliamentary (Rada) elections, become prime minister in August 2006, and be elected president in February 2010. In October 2012, Ukraine held Rada elections, widely criticized by Western observers as flawed due to use of government resources to favor ruling party candidates, interference with media access, and harassment of opposition candidates. President YANUKOVYCH's backtracking on a trade and cooperation agreement with the EU in November 2013 - in favor of closer economic ties with Russia - and subsequent use of force against civil society activists in favor of the agreement led to a three-month protest occupation of Kyiv's central square. The government's use of violence to break up the protest camp in February 2014 led to all out pitched battles, scores of deaths, international condemnation, and the president's abrupt departure to Russia. New elections in the spring allowed pro-West president Petro POROSHENKO to assume office on 7 June 2014. ++ Shortly after YANUKOVYCH's departure in late February 2014, Russian President PUTIN ordered the invasion of Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula claiming the action was to protect ethnic Russians living there. Two weeks later, a \"referendum\" was held regarding the integration of Crimea into the Russian Federation. The \"referendum\" was condemned as illegitimate by the Ukrainian Government, the EU, the US, and the UN General Assembly (UNGA). Although Russia illegally annexed Crimea after the \"referendum,\" the Ukrainian Government, backed by UNGA resolution 68/262, asserts that Crimea remains part of Ukraine and fully under Ukrainian sovereignty. Russia also continues to supply separatists in two of Ukraine's eastern provinces with manpower, funding, and materiel resulting in an armed conflict with the Ukrainian Government. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, and the unrecognized separatist republics signed a ceasefire agreement in September 2014. However, this ceasefire failed to stop the fighting. In a renewed attempt to alleviate ongoing clashes, leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, and Germany negotiated a follow-on peace deal in February 2015 known as the Minsk Agreements. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe also meet regularly to facilitate implementation of the peace deal. Scattered fighting between Ukrainian and Russian-backed separatist forces is still ongoing in eastern Ukraine."
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}
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},
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"Geography": {
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@ -26,10 +26,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Area - comparative": {
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"text": "almost four times the size of Georgia; slightly smaller than Texas",
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"Area comparison map": {
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"text": null
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}
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"text": "almost four times the size of Georgia; slightly smaller than Texas"
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},
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"Land boundaries": {
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"total": {
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@ -59,12 +56,12 @@
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"Terrain": {
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"text": "mostly fertile plains (steppes) and plateaus, with mountains found only in the west (the Carpathians) or in the extreme south of the Crimean Peninsula"
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},
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"Elevation extremes": {
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"lowest point": {
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"text": "Black Sea 0 m"
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"Elevation": {
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"mean elevation": {
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"text": "175 m"
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},
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"highest point": {
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"text": "Hora Hoverla 2,061 m"
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"elevation extremes": {
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"text": "lowest point: Black Sea 0 m ++ highest point: Hora Hoverla 2,061 m"
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}
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},
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"Natural resources": {
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@ -82,18 +79,10 @@
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}
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},
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"Irrigated land": {
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"text": "21,750 sq km (2010)"
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"text": "21,670 sq km (2012)"
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "139.6 cu km (2011)"
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},
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"Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)": {
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"total": {
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"text": "19.24 cu km/yr (24%/69%/7%)"
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},
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"per capita": {
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"text": "415.7 cu m/yr (2010)"
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}
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"Population - distribution": {
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"text": "densest settlement in the eastern (Donbas) and western regions; noteable concentrations in and around major urban areas of Kyiv, Kharkiv, Donets'k, Dnipropetrovs'k, and Odesa"
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},
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"Natural hazards": {
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"text": "NA"
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@ -110,10 +99,13 @@
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}
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},
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"Geography - note": {
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"text": "strategic position at the crossroads between Europe and Asia; second-largest country in Europe"
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"text": "strategic position at the crossroads between Europe and Asia; second-largest country in Europe after Russia"
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}
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},
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"People and Society": {
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"Population": {
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"text": "44,209,733 (July 2016 est.)"
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},
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"Nationality": {
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"noun": {
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"text": "Ukrainian(s)"
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@ -137,27 +129,21 @@
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"text": "Ukraine's population is overwhelmingly Christian; the vast majority - up to two-thirds - identify themselves as Orthodox, but many do not specify a particular branch; the UOC-KP and the UOC-MP each represent less than a quarter of the country's population, the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church accounts for 8-10%, and the UAOC accounts for 1-2%; Muslim and Jewish adherents each compose less than 1% of the total population (2013 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Population": {
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"text": "44,429,471 (July 2015 est.)"
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},
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"Age structure": {
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"0-14 years": {
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"text": "15.22% (male 3,480,870/female 3,281,363)"
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"text": "15.51% (male 3,528,821/female 3,326,405)"
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},
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"15-24 years": {
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"text": "10.85% (male 2,470,594/female 2,349,313)"
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"text": "10.3% (male 2,334,454/female 2,218,718)"
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},
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"25-54 years": {
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"text": "44.63% (male 9,703,407/female 10,126,348)"
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"text": "44.47% (male 9,639,404/female 10,020,385)"
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},
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"55-64 years": {
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"text": "13.5% (male 2,563,195/female 3,435,022)"
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"text": "13.68% (male 2,587,898/female 3,458,016)"
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},
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"65 years and over": {
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"text": "15.8% (male 2,343,097/female 4,676,262) (2015 est.)"
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},
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"population pyramid": {
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"text": null
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"text": "16.05% (male 2,375,904/female 4,719,728) (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Dependency ratios": {
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@ -176,26 +162,29 @@
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},
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"Median age": {
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"total": {
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"text": "40.1 years"
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"text": "40.4 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "37 years"
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"text": "37.2 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "43.3 years (2015 est.)"
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"text": "43.5 years (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Population growth rate": {
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"text": "-0.6% (2015 est.)"
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"text": "-0.39% (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Birth rate": {
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"text": "10.72 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "10.5 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Death rate": {
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"text": "14.46 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "14.4 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Net migration rate": {
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"text": "-2.25 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Population distribution": {
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"text": "densest settlement in the eastern (Donbas) and western regions; noteable concentrations in and around major urban areas of Kyiv, Kharkiv, Donets'k, Dnipropetrovs'k, and Odesa"
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},
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"Urbanization": {
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"urban population": {
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@ -228,42 +217,45 @@
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"text": "0.5 male(s)/female"
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},
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"total population": {
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"text": "0.86 male(s)/female (2015 est.)"
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"text": "0.86 male(s)/female (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
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"text": "25 (2013 est.)"
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},
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"Maternal mortality rate": {
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"text": "24 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Infant mortality rate": {
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"total": {
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"text": "8.12 deaths/1,000 live births"
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"text": "8 deaths/1,000 live births"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "9.03 deaths/1,000 live births"
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"text": "8.9 deaths/1,000 live births"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "7.16 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)"
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"text": "7 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Life expectancy at birth": {
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"total population": {
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"text": "71.57 years"
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"text": "71.8 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "66.81 years"
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"text": "67.1 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "76.63 years (2015 est.)"
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"text": "76.9 years (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Total fertility rate": {
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"text": "1.53 children born/woman (2015 est.)"
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"text": "1.54 children born/woman (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
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"text": "65.4% (2012)"
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},
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"Health expenditures": {
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"text": "7.8% of GDP (2013)"
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"text": "7.1% of GDP (2014)"
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},
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"Physicians density": {
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"text": "3.54 physicians/1,000 population (2013)"
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@ -288,19 +280,19 @@
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}
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
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"text": "0.83% (2013 est.)"
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"text": "0.86% (2015 est.)"
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
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"text": "210,700 (2013 est.)"
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"text": "219,000 (2015 est.)"
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
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"text": "13,400 (2013 est.)"
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"text": "7,900 (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
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"text": "21.7% (2014)"
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},
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"Education expenditures": {
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"text": "6.7% of GDP (2012)"
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"text": "6.7% of GDP (2013)"
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},
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"Literacy": {
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"definition": {
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@ -324,7 +316,7 @@
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"text": "15 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "15 years (2013)"
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"text": "16 years (2014)"
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}
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},
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"Child labor - children ages 5-14": {
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@ -337,13 +329,13 @@
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},
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"Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": {
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"total": {
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"text": "17.3%"
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"text": "23.1%"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "18.1%"
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"text": "23.7%"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "16.1% (2012 est.)"
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"text": "22.4% (2014 est.)"
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}
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}
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},
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@ -364,12 +356,12 @@
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"former": {
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"text": "Ukrainian National Republic, Ukrainian State, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic"
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},
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"note": {
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"text": "name derives from the Old East Slavic word \"ukraina\" meaning borderland or march (militarized border region)"
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"etymology": {
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"text": "name derives from the Old East Slavic word \"ukraina\" meaning \"borderland or march (militarized border region)\""
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}
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},
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"Government type": {
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"text": "republic"
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"text": "semi-presidential republic"
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},
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"Capital": {
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"name": {
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@ -389,9 +381,9 @@
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}
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},
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"Administrative divisions": {
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"text": "24 provinces (oblasti, singular - oblast'), 1 autonomous republic* (avtonomna respublika), and 2 municipalities (mista, singular - misto) with oblast status**; Cherkasy, Chernihiv, Chernivtsi, Crimea or Avtonomna Respublika Krym* (Simferopol'), Dnipropetrovs'k, Donets'k, Ivano-Frankivs'k, Kharkiv, Kherson, Khmel'nyts'kyy, Kirovohrad, Kyiv**, Kyiv, Luhans'k, L'viv, Mykolayiv, Odesa, Poltava, Rivne, Sevastopol'**, Sumy, Ternopil', Vinnytsya, Volyn' (Luts'k), Zakarpattya (Uzhhorod), Zaporizhzhya, Zhytomyr",
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"text": "24 provinces (oblasti, singular - oblast'), 1 autonomous republic* (avtonomna respublika), and 2 municipalities (mista, singular - misto) with oblast status**; Cherkasy, Chernihiv, Chernivtsi, Crimea or Avtonomna Respublika Krym* (Simferopol'), Dnipropetrovs'k (Dnipro), Donets'k, Ivano-Frankivs'k, Kharkiv, Kherson, Khmel'nyts'kyy, Kirovohrad (Kropyvnyts'kyy), Kyiv**, Kyiv, Luhans'k, L'viv, Mykolayiv, Odesa, Poltava, Rivne, Sevastopol'**, Sumy, Ternopil', Vinnytsya, Volyn' (Luts'k), Zakarpattya (Uzhhorod), Zaporizhzhya, Zhytomyr",
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"note 1": {
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"text": "administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)"
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"text": "administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses); plans include the eventual renaming of Dnipropetrovsk and Kirovohrad oblasts, but because these names are mentioned in the Constitution of Ukraine, the change will require a constitutional amendment"
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},
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"note 2": {
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"text": "the United States does not recognize Russia's annexation of Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the municipality of Sevastopol, nor their redesignation as the Republic of Crimea and the Federal City of Sevastopol"
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@ -404,7 +396,7 @@
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"text": "Independence Day, 24 August (1991); note - 22 January 1918, the day Ukraine first declared its independence (from Soviet Russia) and the day the short-lived Western and Greater (Eastern) Ukrainian republics united (1919), is now celebrated as Unity Day"
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},
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"Constitution": {
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"text": "several previous; latest adopted and ratified 28 June 1996; amended 2004, 2010, 2015 (2015)"
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"text": "several previous; latest adopted and ratified 28 June 1996; amended 2004, 2010, 2015 (2016)"
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},
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"Legal system": {
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"text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts"
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@ -412,6 +404,20 @@
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"International law organization participation": {
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"text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt"
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},
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"Citizenship": {
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"citizenship by birth": {
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"text": "no"
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},
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"citizenship by descent only": {
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"text": "at least one parent must be a citizen of Ukraine"
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},
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"dual citizenship recognized": {
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"text": "no"
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},
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"residency requirement for naturalization": {
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"text": "5 years"
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}
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},
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"Suffrage": {
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"text": "18 years of age; universal"
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},
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@ -420,16 +426,16 @@
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"text": "President Petro POROSHENKO (since 7 June 2014)"
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},
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"head of government": {
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"text": "Prime Minister Arseniy YATSENYUK (since 27 February 2014)"
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"text": "Prime Minister Volodymyr HROISMAN (since 14 April 2016); Deputy Prime Minister Vyacheslav KYRYLENKO (since 2 December 2014)"
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},
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"cabinet": {
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"text": "Cabinet of Ministers nominated by the president, approved by the Verkhovna Rada"
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"text": "Cabinet of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, approved by the Verkhovna Rada"
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},
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"elections/appointments": {
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"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 25 May 2014 (next to be held in 2019); prime minister nominated by the president, confirmed by the Verkhovna Rada"
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},
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"election results": {
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"text": "Petro POROSHENKO elected president; percent of vote - Petro POROSHENKO (independent) 54.5%, Yuliya TYMOSHENKO (Fatherland) 12.9%, Oleh LYASHKO (Radical Party) 8.4%, other 24.2%"
|
||||
"text": "Petro POROSHENKO elected president; percent of vote - Petro POROSHENKO (independent) 54.5%, Yuliya TYMOSHENKO (Fatherland) 12.9%, Oleh LYASHKO (Radical Party) 8.4%, other 24.2%; Volodymyr HROISMAN elected prime minister; Verkhovna Rada vote 257-50"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "there is also a National Security and Defense Council or NSDC originally created in 1992 as the National Security Council; the NSDC staff is tasked with developing national security policy on domestic and international matters and advising the president; a presidential administration helps draft presidential edicts and provides policy support to the president"
|
||||
|
|
@ -437,13 +443,13 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Legislative branch": {
|
||||
"description": {
|
||||
"text": "unicameral Supreme Council or Verkhovna Rada (450 seats; 225 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 225 directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - because of the Russian annexation of Crimea and the partial occupation of two eastern provinces, 28 of the 450 seats remain unfilled"
|
||||
"text": "unicameral Supreme Council or Verkhovna Rada (450 seats; 225 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 225 directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - because of the Russian annexation of Crimea and the partial occupation of two eastern provinces, 27 of the 450 seats remain unfilled"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"elections": {
|
||||
"text": "last held on 26 October 2014 (next to be held fall of 2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"election results": {
|
||||
"text": "percent of vote by party - NF 22.1%, BPP 21.8%, Samopomich 11.0%, OB 9.4%, Radical 7.4%, Batkivshchyna 5.7%, Svoboda 4.7%, CPU 3.9%, other 13.9%; seats by party - BPP 132, NF 82, Samopomich 33, OB 29, Radical 22, Batkivshchyna 19, Svoboda 6, other 4, independent 96, vacant 27; note - voting not held in Crimea and parts of two Russian-occupied eastern oblasts leaving 27 seats vacant; seats as of 1 July 2015 - BPP 144, NF 81, OB 43, Samopomich 31, ER 22, Radical 21, Batkivshchyna 19, VN 19, independent 42, vacant 28"
|
||||
"text": "percent of vote by party - NF 22.1%, BPP 21.8%, Samopomich 11.0%, OB 9.4%, Radical 7.4%, Batkivshchyna 5.7%, Svoboda 4.7%, CPU 3.9%, other 13.9%; seats by party - BPP 132, NF 82, Samopomich 33, OB 29, Radical 22, Batkivshchyna 19, Svoboda 6, other 4, independent 96, vacant 27; note - voting not held in Crimea and parts of two Russian-occupied eastern oblasts leaving 27 seats vacant; seats as of December 2015 - BPP 139, NF 81, OB 43, Samopomich 26, Vidrozhennya 23, Radical 21, Batkivshchyna 19, VN 20, independent 50, vacant 28"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Judicial branch": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -458,17 +464,17 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Political parties and leaders": {
|
||||
"text": "Batkivshchyna (\"Fatherland\") [Yuliya TYMOSHENKO] ++ Communist Party of Ukraine or CPU [Petro SYMONENKO] ++ Opposition Bloc or OB [Yuriy BOIKO] ++ People's Front or NF [Arseniy YATSENIUK] ++ People's Will or VN (parliamentary group) ++ Petro Poroshenko Bloc or BPP [Vitali KLITSCHKO] (formed from the merger of Solidarity and UDAR) ++ Radical Party [Oleh LYASHKO] ++ Revival or ER [Vitaliy KHOMUTYNNIK] (parliamentary group) ++ Samopomich (\"Self Reliance\") [Andriy SADOVYI] ++ Svoboda (\"Freedom\") [Oleh TYAHNYBOK]"
|
||||
"text": "Batkivshchyna (\"Fatherland\") [Yuliya TYMOSHENKO] ++ Bloc of Petro Poroshenko – Solidarnist or BPP [Vitali KLYCHKO] (formed from the merger of Solidarnist and UDAR) ++ Narodnyy Front (\"People's Front\") or NF [Arseniy YATSENIUK] ++ Opposition Bloc or OB [Yuriy BOYKO] ++ Radical Party [Oleh LYASHKO] ++ Samopomich (\"Self Reliance\") [Andriy SADOVYY] ++ Svoboda (\"Freedom\") [Oleh TYAHNYBOK] ++ Ukrainian Association of Patriots or UKROP [Hennadiy KORBAN] ++ Vidrozhennya (\"Revival\") [Vitaliy KHOMUTYNNIK] (parliamentary group) ++ Volya Naroda (“People's Will”) or VN (parliamentary group)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Political pressure groups and leaders": {
|
||||
"text": "Committee of Voters of Ukraine [Oleksandr CHERNENKO] ++ OPORA [Olha AIVAZOVSKA]"
|
||||
"text": "Centre UA [Oleh RYBACHUK] ++ Committee of Voters of Ukraine [Oleksandr CHERNENKO] ++ OPORA [Olha AIVAZOVSKA]"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"International organization participation": {
|
||||
"text": "Australia Group, BSEC, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CICA (observer), CIS (participating member, has not signed the 1993 CIS charter), EAEC (observer), EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Valerii CHALYI (since 3 August 2015)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Valeriy CHALYY (since 3 August 2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"chancery": {
|
||||
"text": "3350 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007"
|
||||
|
|
@ -485,7 +491,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Geoffrey R. PYATT (since 7 August 2013)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Marie YOVANOVITCH (since 29 August 2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "4 Igor Sikorsky Street, 04112 Kyiv"
|
||||
|
|
@ -520,58 +526,58 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Economy": {
|
||||
"Economy - overview": {
|
||||
"text": "After Russia, the Ukrainian republic was the most important economic component of the former Soviet Union, producing about four times the output of the next-ranking republic. Its fertile black soil generated more than one-fourth of Soviet agricultural output, and its farms provided substantial quantities of meat, milk, grain, and vegetables to other republics. Likewise, its diversified heavy industry supplied the unique equipment (for example, large diameter pipes) and raw materials to industrial and mining sites (vertical drilling apparatus) in other regions of the former USSR. ++ ++ Shortly after independence in August 1991, the Ukrainian Government liberalized most prices and erected a legal framework for privatization, but widespread resistance to reform within the government and the legislature soon stalled reform efforts and led to some backtracking. Output by 1999 had fallen to less than 40% of the 1991 level. Outside institutions - particularly the IMF –encouraged Ukraine to quicken the pace and scope of reforms to foster economic growth. Ukrainian Government officials eliminated most tax and customs privileges in a March 2005 budget law, bringing more economic activity out of Ukraine's large shadow economy, but more improvements are needed, including fighting corruption, developing capital markets, and improving the legislative framework. From 2000 until mid-2008, Ukraine's economy was buoyant despite political turmoil between the prime minister and president. ++ ++ Ukraine's dependence on Russia for energy supplies and the lack of significant structural reform have made the Ukrainian economy vulnerable to external shocks. Ukraine depends on imports to meet about three-fourths of its annual oil and natural gas requirements and 100% of its nuclear fuel needs. In January 2009, after a two-week dispute that saw gas supplies cutoff to Europe, Ukraine agreed to 10-year gas supply and transit contracts with Russia that brought gas prices to \"world\" levels. The strict terms of the contracts further hobbled Ukraine's cash-strapped state gas company, Naftohaz. The economy contracted nearly 15% in 2009, among the worst economic performances in the world. In April 2010, Ukraine negotiated a price discount on Russian gas imports in exchange for extending Russia's lease on its naval base in Crimea. ++ ++ Movement toward an Association Agreement with the European Union, which would commit Ukraine to economic and financial reforms in exchange for preferential access to EU markets, was curtailed by a November 2013 decision of President YANUKOVYCH. In response, on 17 December 2013 then President YANUKOVYCH and President PUTIN concluded a financial assistance package containing $15 billion in loans and lower gas prices. However, the end of the YANUKOVYCH government in February 2014 caused Russia to halt further funding. With the formation of an interim government in late February 2014, the international community began efforts to stabilize the Ukrainian economy, including a 27 March 2014 IMF assistance package of $14-18 billion. Russia’s seizure of the Crimean Peninsula created uncertainty as to the annual rate of growth of the Ukrainian economy in 2014."
|
||||
"text": "After Russia, the Ukrainian republic was the most important economic component of the former Soviet Union, producing about four times the output of the next-ranking republic. Its fertile black soil generated more than one-fourth of Soviet agricultural output, and its farms provided substantial quantities of meat, milk, grain, and vegetables to other republics. Likewise, its diversified heavy industry supplied unique equipment, such as, large diameter pipes and vertical drilling apparatus, and raw materials to industrial and mining sites in other regions of the former USSR. ++ ++ Shortly after independence in August 1991, the Ukrainian Government liberalized most prices and erected a legal framework for privatization, but widespread resistance to reform within the government and the legislature soon stalled reform efforts and led to some backtracking. Output by 1999 had fallen to less than 40% of the 1991 level. Outside institutions - particularly the IMF –encouraged Ukraine to quicken the pace and scope of reforms to foster economic growth. Ukrainian Government officials eliminated most tax and customs privileges in a March 2005 budget law, bringing more economic activity out of Ukraine's large shadow economy. But more improvements are needed, including fighting corruption, developing capital markets, and improving the legislative framework. From 2000 until mid-2008, Ukraine's economy was buoyant despite political turmoil between the prime minister and president. ++ ++ Ukraine's dependence on Russia for energy supplies and the lack of significant structural reform have made the Ukrainian economy vulnerable to external shocks. Ukraine depends on imports to meet about three-fourths of its annual oil and natural gas requirements and 100% of its nuclear fuel needs. In January 2009, after a two-week dispute that saw gas supplies cut off to Europe, Ukraine agreed to 10-year gas supply and transit contracts with Russia that brought gas prices to \"world\" levels. The strict terms of the contracts further hobbled Ukraine's cash-strapped state gas company, Naftohaz. The economy contracted nearly 15% in 2009, among the worst economic performances in the world. In April 2010, Ukraine negotiated a price discount on Russian gas imports in exchange for extending Russia's lease on its naval base in Crimea. ++ ++ Ukraine’s oligarch-dominated economy grew slowly from 2010 to 2014. After former President YANUKOVYCH fled the country during the Revolution of Dignity, the international community began efforts to stabilize the Ukrainian economy, including a March 2014 IMF assistance package of $14-18 billion. Ukraine has made significant progress on reforms designed to make the country a prosperous, democratic, and transparent country. ++ ++ Russia’s occupation of Crimea in March 2014 and on-going aggression in eastern Ukraine have hurt economic growth. With the loss of a major portion of Ukraine’s heavy industry in Donbas and ongoing violence, Ukraine’s economy contracted by 6.8% in 2014 and by an estimated 10.5% in 2015. Ukraine and Russia have engaged in a trade war with sharply reduced trade between the countries by the end of 2015. The EU-Ukraine Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area finally started up on 1 January 2016, and is expected to help Ukraine integrate its economy with Europe by opening up markets and harmonizing regulations."
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
|
||||
"text": "$371.8 billion (2014 est.) ++ $399.1 billion (2013 est.) ++ $399.2 billion (2012 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "$340.2 billion (2015 est.) ++ $377.4 billion (2014 est.) ++ $403.9 billion (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
|
||||
"text": "$130.7 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$90.52 billion (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - real growth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "-6.8% (2014 est.) ++ 0% (2013 est.) ++ 0.2% (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-9.9% (2015 est.) ++ -6.6% (2014 est.) ++ 0% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
|
||||
"text": "$8,700 (2014 est.) ++ $9,300 (2013 est.) ++ $9,300 (2012 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "$8,000 (2015 est.) ++ $8,800 (2014 est.) ++ $8,900 (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving": {
|
||||
"text": "10.1% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 9.3% of GDP (2013 est.) ++ 13.6% of GDP (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "15% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 9.5% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 9.3% of GDP (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
|
||||
"household consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "71.4%"
|
||||
"text": "67.6%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"government consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "18.6%"
|
||||
"text": "19%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"investment in fixed capital": {
|
||||
"text": "14%"
|
||||
"text": "13.3%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"investment in inventories": {
|
||||
"text": "0.1%"
|
||||
"text": "2%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"exports of goods and services": {
|
||||
"text": "49.2%"
|
||||
"text": "52.8%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"imports of goods and services": {
|
||||
"text": "-53.2% ++ (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-54.8% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
"text": "11.8%"
|
||||
"text": "14.1%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"industry": {
|
||||
"text": "25.5%"
|
||||
"text": "26.4%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"services": {
|
||||
"text": "63% ++ (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "60% ++ (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Agriculture - products": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -581,26 +587,26 @@
|
|||
"text": "coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food processing"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Industrial production growth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "-13% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-13.4% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force": {
|
||||
"text": "19.92 million (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "18.1 million (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force - by occupation": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
"text": "5.6%"
|
||||
"text": "5.8%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"industry": {
|
||||
"text": "26%"
|
||||
"text": "26.5%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"services": {
|
||||
"text": "68.4% ++ (2012)"
|
||||
"text": "67.8% ++ (2014)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Unemployment rate": {
|
||||
"text": "9.3% (2014 est.) ++ 7.3% (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "9.1% (2015 est.) ++ 9.3% (2014 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "officially registered; large number of unregistered or underemployed workers"
|
||||
"text": "officially registered workers; large number of unregistered or underemployed workers"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Population below poverty line": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -615,27 +621,27 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Distribution of family income - Gini index": {
|
||||
"text": "28.2 (2009) ++ 29 (1999)"
|
||||
"text": "24.6 (2013) ++ 28.2 (2009)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$38.36 billion"
|
||||
"text": "$29.85 billion"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "$44 billion"
|
||||
"text": "$31.12 billion"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "this is the planned, consolidated budget (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "this is the planned, consolidated budget (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "29.4% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "33% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
|
||||
"text": "-4.3% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-1.4% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Public debt": {
|
||||
"text": "70.3% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 39.9% of GDP (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "79.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 69.4% of GDP (2014 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "the total public debt of $64.5 billion consists of: domestic public debt ($23.8 billion); external public debt ($26.1 billion); and sovereign guarantees ($14.6 billion)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -644,64 +650,72 @@
|
|||
"text": "calendar year"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
|
||||
"text": "12.1% (2014 est.) ++ -0.3% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "48.7% (2015 est.) ++ 12.1% (2014 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "Excluding the temporarily occupied territories of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the city of Sevastopol and part of the anti-terrorist operation zone"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Central bank discount rate": {
|
||||
"text": "7.5% (31 January 2012) ++ 11.97% (31 December 2010)"
|
||||
"text": "22% (23 December 2015) ++ 7.5% (31 January 2012)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Commercial bank prime lending rate": {
|
||||
"text": "17.72% (31 December 2014 est.) ++ 16.65% (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "21.82% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 17.72% (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of narrow money": {
|
||||
"text": "$27.62 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $48.02 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$19.68 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $27.62 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of broad money": {
|
||||
"text": "$78.02 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $113.4 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of domestic credit": {
|
||||
"text": "$95.93 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $150.9 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$62.77 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $95.93 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Market value of publicly traded shares": {
|
||||
"text": "$20.71 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $25.56 billion (31 December 2011) ++ $39.46 billion (31 December 2010 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$20.71 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $25.56 billion (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $39.46 billion (31 December 2010 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Current account balance": {
|
||||
"text": "-$6.187 billion (2014 est.) ++ -$16.48 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-$251 million (2015 est.) ++ -$5.113 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports": {
|
||||
"text": "$50.77 billion (2014 est.) ++ $59.19 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$35.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $50.76 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "ferrous and nonferrous metals, fuel and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, foodstuffs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "Russia 18.2%, Turkey 6.6%, Egypt 5.3%, China 5%, Poland 4.9%, Italy 4.6% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "Russia 12.7%, Turkey 7.3%, China 6.3%, Egypt 5.5%, Italy 5.2%, Poland 5.2% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports": {
|
||||
"text": "$58.2 billion (2014 est.) ++ $81.16 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$38.94 billion (2015 est.) ++ $58.24 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "energy, machinery and equipment, chemicals"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "Russia 23.3%, China 10%, Germany 9.9%, Belarus 7.3%, Poland 5.6% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "Russia 20%, Germany 10.4%, China 10.1%, Belarus 6.5%, Poland 6.2%, Hungary 4.2% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
|
||||
"text": "$7.53 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $20.42 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$13.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $7.53 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Debt - external": {
|
||||
"text": "$125.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $147.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$119.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $130.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": {
|
||||
"text": "$57.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $57.06 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$60.95 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $57.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": {
|
||||
"text": "$7.145 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $6.597 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$7.183 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $7.145 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exchange rates": {
|
||||
"text": "hryvnia (UAH) per US dollar - ++ 11.8867 (2014 est.) ++ 11.8867 (2013 est.) ++ 7.99 (2012 est.) ++ 7.9676 (2011 est.) ++ 7.9356 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "hryvnia (UAH) per US dollar - ++ 21.8447 (2015 est.) ++ 11.8867 (2014 est.) ++ 11.8867 (2013 est.) ++ 7.99 (2012 est.) ++ 7.9676 (2011 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Energy": {
|
||||
"Electricity access": {
|
||||
"electrification - total population": {
|
||||
"text": "100% (2016)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - production": {
|
||||
"text": "187.1 billion kWh (2012 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -754,16 +768,16 @@
|
|||
"text": "175,100 bbl/day (2012 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Natural gas - production": {
|
||||
"text": "21.1 billion cu m (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "19.9 billion cu m (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Natural gas - consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "47 billion cu m (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "33.8 billion cu m (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Natural gas - exports": {
|
||||
"text": "0 cu m (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0 cu m (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Natural gas - imports": {
|
||||
"text": "25.9 billion cu m (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "16.4 billion cu m (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Natural gas - proved reserves": {
|
||||
"text": "1.104 trillion cu m (1 January 2014 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -775,18 +789,18 @@
|
|||
"Communications": {
|
||||
"Telephones - fixed lines": {
|
||||
"total subscriptions": {
|
||||
"text": "10.46 million"
|
||||
"text": "9,113,061"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "23 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "21 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephones - mobile cellular": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "61.2 million"
|
||||
"text": "60.72 million"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "136 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "137 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephone system": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -794,34 +808,45 @@
|
|||
"text": "Ukraine's telecommunication development plan emphasizes improving domestic trunk lines, international connections, and the mobile-cellular system"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"domestic": {
|
||||
"text": "at independence in December 1991, Ukraine inherited a telephone system that was antiquated, inefficient, and in disrepair; more than 3.5 million applications for telephones could not be satisfied; telephone density is rising and the domestic trunk system is being improved; about one-third of Ukraine's networks are digital, and a majority of regional centers now have digital switching stations; improvements in local networks and local exchanges continue to lag; the mobile-cellular telephone system's expansion has slowed, largely due to saturation of the market which has reached 125 mobile phones per 100 people"
|
||||
"text": "the country's former sole telephone provider, Ukrtelekom, was successfully privatized 2011 and independent foreign-invested private companies now provide substantial telecommunications services; the mobile-cellular telephone system's expansion has slowed, largely due to saturation of the market that is now over 135 mobile phones per 100 persons"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"international": {
|
||||
"text": "country code - 380; 2 new domestic trunk lines are a part of the fiber-optic Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) system and 3 Ukrainian links have been installed in the fiber-optic Trans-European Lines (TEL) project that connects 18 countries; additional international service is provided by the Italy-Turkey-Ukraine-Russia (ITUR) fiber-optic submarine cable and by an unknown number of earth stations in the Intelsat, Inmarsat, and Intersputnik satellite systems (2010)"
|
||||
"text": "country code - 380; 2 new domestic trunk lines are a part of the fiber-optic Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) system and 3 Ukrainian links have been installed in the fiber-optic Trans-European Lines (TEL) project that connects 18 countries; additional international service is provided by the Italy-Turkey-Ukraine-Russia (ITUR) fiber-optic submarine cable and by an unknown number of earth stations in the Intelsat, Inmarsat, and Intersputnik satellite systems (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Broadcast media": {
|
||||
"text": "state-controlled nationwide TV broadcast channel (UT1) and a number of privately owned TV networks provide basic TV coverage; multi-channel cable and satellite TV services are available; Russian television broadcasts have a small audience nationwide, but larger audiences in the eastern and southern regions; the radio broadcast market, a mix of independent and state-owned networks, is comprised of some 300 stations (2007)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Radio broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "524 (station frequency types NA) (2006)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Television broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "647 (2006)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet country code": {
|
||||
"text": ".ua"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "16.8 million"
|
||||
"text": "21.886 million"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "37.5% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "49.3% (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transportation": {
|
||||
"National air transport system": {
|
||||
"number of registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "17"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "92"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "4,613,224"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual freight traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "37,721,565 mt-km (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
|
||||
"text": "UR (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports": {
|
||||
"text": "187 (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -856,7 +881,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "5"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": " ++ 69 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "69 (2013)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -907,39 +932,15 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military": {
|
||||
"Military and Security": {
|
||||
"Military branches": {
|
||||
"text": "Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Air Forces (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18-25 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation is 12 months for Army and Air Force, 18 months for Navy (2012)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower available for military service": {
|
||||
"males age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "10,984,394"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"females age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "11.26 million (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower fit for military service": {
|
||||
"males age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "6,893,551"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"females age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "8,792,504 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually": {
|
||||
"male": {
|
||||
"text": "246,397"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"female": {
|
||||
"text": "234,916 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"text": "20-27 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation is 18 months (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "2.77% of GDP (2012) ++ 2.4% of GDP (2011) ++ 2.77% of GDP (2010)"
|
||||
"text": "3.8% of GDP (2016) ++ 2.7% of GDP (2015) ++ 1.77% of GDP (2014) ++ 0.97% of GDP (2013)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -948,10 +949,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"IDPs": {
|
||||
"text": "1,505,600 (Russian-sponsored separatist violence in Crimea and eastern Ukraine) (2015)"
|
||||
"text": "800,000 (Russian-sponsored separatist violence in Crimea and eastern Ukraine) (2015); note - revised figure reflects updates to UN's IDP verification and registration processes"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "35,335 (2014); note - citizens of the former USSR who were permanently resident in Ukraine were granted citizenship upon Ukraine's independence in 1991, but some missed this window of opportunity; people arriving after 1991, Crimean Tatars, ethnic Koreans, people with expired Soviet passports, and people with no documents have difficulty acquiring Ukrainian citizenship; following the fall of the Soviet Union in 1989, thousands of Crimean Tatars and their descendants deported from Ukraine under the STALIN regime returned to their homeland, some being stateless and others holding the citizenship of Uzbekistan or other former Soviet republics; a 1998 bilateral agreement between Ukraine and Uzbekistan simplified the process of renouncing Uzbek citizenship and obtaining Ukrainian citizenship"
|
||||
"text": "35,228 (2015); note - citizens of the former USSR who were permanently resident in Ukraine were granted citizenship upon Ukraine's independence in 1991, but some missed this window of opportunity; people arriving after 1991, Crimean Tatars, ethnic Koreans, people with expired Soviet passports, and people with no documents have difficulty acquiring Ukrainian citizenship; following the fall of the Soviet Union in 1989, thousands of Crimean Tatars and their descendants deported from Ukraine under the STALIN regime returned to their homeland, some being stateless and others holding the citizenship of Uzbekistan or other former Soviet republics; a 1998 bilateral agreement between Ukraine and Uzbekistan simplified the process of renouncing Uzbek citizenship and obtaining Ukrainian citizenship"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Trafficking in persons": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -959,7 +960,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Ukraine is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; Ukrainian victims are sex trafficked within Ukraine as well as in Russia, Poland, Iraq, Spain, Turkey, Cyprus, Greece, Seychelles, Portugal, the Czech Republic, Israel, Italy, South Korea, Moldova, China, the United Arab Emirates, Montenegro, UK, Kazakhstan, Tunisia, and other countries; small numbers of foreigners from Moldova, Russia, Vietnam, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, Cameroon, and Azerbaijan were victims of labor trafficking in Ukraine; Ukrainian recruiters most often target Ukrainians from rural areas with limited job prospects using fraud, coercion, and debt bondage"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"tier rating": {
|
||||
"text": "Tier 2 Watch List – Ukraine does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the former Yanukovych government adopted standards of social services for victims, re-established its anti-trafficking unit, and increased the unit’s number of officers; the number of human trafficking cases investigated and prosecuted continued to decline in 2013, but significantly fewer victims were identified and referred to care; the government continued to rely on international donors to fund protective services and to provide inadequate funding to NGOs for assisting trafficking victims (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "Tier 2 Watch List – Ukraine does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government’s focus on its security situation constrained its anti-trafficking capabilities; law enforcement efforts to pursue trafficking cases weakened in 2014, continuing a multi-year decline, and no investigations, prosecutions, or convictions of government officials were made, despite reports of official complicity in the sex and labor trafficking of children living in state-run institutions; fewer victims were identified and referred to NGOs, which continued to provide and to fund the majority of victims’ services (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Illicit drugs": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue