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nov/5 up
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Gerald Bauer
parent
780ac9e05b
commit
ca94e2fef5
261 changed files with 32420 additions and 31899 deletions
318
europe/sp.json
318
europe/sp.json
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@ -29,10 +29,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Area - comparative": {
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"text": "almost five times the size of Kentucky; slightly more than twice the size of Oregon",
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"Area comparison map": {
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"text": null
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}
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"text": "almost five times the size of Kentucky; slightly more than twice the size of Oregon"
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},
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"Land boundaries": {
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"total": {
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@ -65,12 +62,12 @@
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"Terrain": {
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"text": "large, flat to dissected plateau surrounded by rugged hills; Pyrenees Mountains in north"
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},
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"Elevation extremes": {
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"lowest point": {
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"text": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m"
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"Elevation": {
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"mean elevation": {
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"text": "660 m"
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},
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"highest point": {
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"text": "Pico de Teide (Tenerife) on Canary Islands 3,718 m"
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"elevation extremes": {
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"text": "lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m ++ highest point: Pico de Teide (Tenerife) on Canary Islands 3,718 m"
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}
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},
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"Natural resources": {
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@ -88,18 +85,10 @@
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}
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},
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"Irrigated land": {
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"text": "34,700 sq km (2011)"
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"text": "38,000 sq km (2012)"
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "111.5 cu km (2011)"
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},
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"Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)": {
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"total": {
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"text": "32.46 cu km/yr (18%/22%/61%)"
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},
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"per capita": {
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"text": "698.7 cu m/yr (2008)"
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}
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"Population - distribution": {
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"text": "with the notable exception of Madrid, Sevilla, and Zaragoza, the largest urban agglomerations are found along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts; numerous smaller cities are spread throughout the interior reflecting Spain's agrarian heritage; dense settlement is found around the capital of Madrid, as well as the port city of Barcelona"
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},
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"Natural hazards": {
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"text": "periodic droughts, occasional flooding",
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@ -123,6 +112,9 @@
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}
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},
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"People and Society": {
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"Population": {
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"text": "48,563,476 (July 2016 est.)"
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},
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"Nationality": {
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"noun": {
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"text": "Spaniard(s)"
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@ -135,35 +127,29 @@
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"text": "composite of Mediterranean and Nordic types"
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},
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"Languages": {
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"text": "Castilian Spanish (official) 74%, Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, and Basque 2%",
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"text": "Castilian Spanish (official nationwide) 74%, Catalan (official in Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and the Valencian Community (where it is known as Valencian)) 17%, Galician (official in Galicia) 7%, Basque (official in the Basque Country and in the Basque-speaking area of Navarre) 2%, Aranese (official in the northwest corner of Catalonia (Vall d'Aran) along with Catalan; <5,000 speakers)",
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"note": {
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"text": "Catalan is official in Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and the Valencian Community (where it is known as Valencian); in the northwest corner of Catalonia (Vall d'Aran), Aranese is official along with Catalan; Galician is official in Galicia; Basque is official in the Basque Country and in the Basque-speaking area of Navarre; Aragonese, Aranese Asturian, Basque, Calo, Catalan, Galician, and Valencian are recognized as regional languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages"
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"text": "Aragonese, Aranese Asturian, Basque, Calo, Catalan, Galician, and Valencian are recognized as regional languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages"
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}
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},
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"Religions": {
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"text": "Roman Catholic 94%, other 6%"
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},
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"Population": {
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"text": "48,146,134 (July 2015 est.)"
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},
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"Age structure": {
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"0-14 years": {
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"text": "15.45% (male 3,827,552/female 3,610,910)"
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"text": "15.43% (male 3,854,687/female 3,638,288)"
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},
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"15-24 years": {
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"text": "9.56% (male 2,379,676/female 2,223,159)"
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"text": "9.56% (male 2,400,188/female 2,243,311)"
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},
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"25-54 years": {
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"text": "45.57% (male 11,180,532/female 10,762,002)"
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"text": "45.24% (male 11,200,786/female 10,771,652)"
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},
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"55-64 years": {
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"text": "11.67% (male 2,738,802/female 2,877,648)"
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"text": "11.91% (male 2,820,933/female 2,963,050)"
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},
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"65 years and over": {
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"text": "17.75% (male 3,642,559/female 4,903,294) (2015 est.)"
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},
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"population pyramid": {
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"text": null
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"text": "17.85% (male 3,700,832/female 4,969,749) (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Dependency ratios": {
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@ -182,26 +168,29 @@
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},
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"Median age": {
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"total": {
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"text": "42 years"
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"text": "42.3 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "40.8 years"
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"text": "41.2 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "43.2 years (2015 est.)"
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"text": "43.6 years (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Population growth rate": {
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"text": "0.89% (2015 est.)"
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"text": "0.84% (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Birth rate": {
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"text": "9.64 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "9.4 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Death rate": {
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"text": "9.04 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "9.1 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Net migration rate": {
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"text": "8.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Population distribution": {
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"text": "with the notable exception of Madrid, Sevilla, and Zaragoza, the largest urban agglomerations are found along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts; numerous smaller cities are spread throughout the interior reflecting Spain's agrarian heritage; dense settlement is found around the capital of Madrid, as well as the port city of Barcelona"
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},
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"Urbanization": {
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"urban population": {
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@ -234,9 +223,12 @@
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"text": "0.74 male(s)/female"
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},
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"total population": {
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"text": "0.98 male(s)/female (2015 est.)"
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"text": "0.98 male(s)/female (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
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"text": "29.8 (2010 est.)"
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},
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"Maternal mortality rate": {
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"text": "5 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)"
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},
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@ -245,31 +237,31 @@
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"text": "3.3 deaths/1,000 live births"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "3.63 deaths/1,000 live births"
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"text": "3.6 deaths/1,000 live births"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "2.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)"
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"text": "2.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Life expectancy at birth": {
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"total population": {
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"text": "81.57 years"
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"text": "81.7 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "78.57 years"
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"text": "78.7 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "84.77 years (2015 est.)"
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"text": "84.9 years (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Total fertility rate": {
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"text": "1.49 children born/woman (2015 est.)"
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"text": "1.49 children born/woman (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
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"text": "65.7% (2006)"
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},
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"Health expenditures": {
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"text": "8.9% of GDP (2013)"
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"text": "9% of GDP (2014)"
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},
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"Physicians density": {
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"text": "4.95 physicians/1,000 population (2013)"
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@ -294,19 +286,19 @@
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}
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
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"text": "0.42% (2013 est.)"
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"text": "0.39% (2015 est.)"
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
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"text": "150,400 (2013 est.)"
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"text": "148,900 (2015 est.)"
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
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"text": "800 (2013 est.)"
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"text": "1,200 (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
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"text": "26.5% (2014)"
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},
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"Education expenditures": {
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"text": "5% of GDP (2011)"
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"text": "4.3% of GDP (2013)"
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},
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"Literacy": {
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"definition": {
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@ -324,13 +316,13 @@
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},
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"School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
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"total": {
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"text": "17 years"
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"text": "18 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "17 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "18 years (2012)"
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"text": "18 years (2014)"
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}
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},
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"Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": {
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@ -338,10 +330,10 @@
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"text": "53.2%"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "54.4%"
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"text": "53.4%"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "51.8% (2012 est.)"
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"text": "52.9% (2014 est.)"
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}
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}
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},
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@ -358,10 +350,13 @@
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},
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"local short form": {
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"text": "Espana"
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},
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"etymology": {
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"text": "derivation of the name \"Espana\" is uncertain, but may come from the Phoenician term \"span,\" related to the word \"spy,\" meaning \"to forge metals,\" so, \"i-spn-ya\" would mean \"place where metals are forged\"; the ancient Phoenicians long exploited the Iberian Peninsula for its mineral wealth"
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}
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},
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"Government type": {
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"text": "parliamentary monarchy"
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"text": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy"
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},
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"Capital": {
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"name": {
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@ -381,7 +376,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Administrative divisions": {
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"text": "17 autonomous communities (comunidades autonomas, singular - comunidad autonoma) and 2 autonomous cities* (ciudades autonomas, singular - ciudad autonoma); Andalucia; Aragon; Asturias; Canarias (Canary Islands); Cantabria; Castilla-La Mancha; Castilla-Leon; Cataluna (Castilian), Catalunya (Catalan), Catalonha (Aranese) [Catalonia]; Ceuta*; Comunidad Valenciana (Castilian), Comunitat Valenciana (Valencian) [Valencian Community]; Extremadura; Galicia; Illes Baleares (Balearic Islands); La Rioja; Madrid; Melilla*; Murcia; Navarra (Castilian), Nafarroa (Basque) [Navarre]; Pais Vasco (Castilian), Euskadi (Basque) [Basque Country]",
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"text": "17 semi-autonomous communities (comunidades autonomas, singular - comunidad autonoma) and 2 autonomous cities* (ciudades autonomas, singular - ciudad autonoma); Andalucia; Aragon; Asturias; Canarias (Canary Islands); Cantabria; Castilla-La Mancha; Castilla-Leon; Cataluna (Castilian), Catalunya (Catalan), Catalonha (Aranese) [Catalonia]; Ceuta*; Comunidad Valenciana (Castilian), Comunitat Valenciana (Valencian) [Valencian Community]; Extremadura; Galicia; Illes Baleares (Balearic Islands); La Rioja; Madrid; Melilla*; Murcia; Navarra (Castilian), Nafarroa (Basque) [Navarre]; Pais Vasco (Castilian), Euskadi (Basque) [Basque Country]",
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"note": {
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"text": "the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla plus three small islands of Islas Chafarinas, Penon de Alhucemas, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera, administered directly by the Spanish central government, are all along the coast of Morocco and are collectively referred to as Places of Sovereignty (Plazas de Soberania)"
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}
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@ -393,7 +388,7 @@
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"text": "National Day, 12 October (1492); year when Columbus first set foot in the Americas"
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},
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"Constitution": {
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"text": "previous 1812; latest approved by the General Courts 31 October 1978, passed by referendum 6 December 1978, signed by the king 27 December 1978, effective 29 December 1978; amended 1992, 2011 (2015)"
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"text": "previous 1812; latest approved by the General Courts 31 October 1978, passed by referendum 6 December 1978, signed by the king 27 December 1978, effective 29 December 1978; amended 1992, 2007, 2011 (2016)"
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},
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"Legal system": {
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"text": "civil law system with regional variations"
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@ -402,14 +397,17 @@
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"text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
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},
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"Citizenship": {
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"birthright citizenship": {
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"text": ""
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"citizenship by birth": {
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"text": "no"
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},
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"citizenship by descent only": {
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"text": "at least one parent must be a citizen of Spain"
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},
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"dual citizenship recognized": {
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"text": "only with select Latin American countries"
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},
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"residency requirement for naturalization": {
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"text": ""
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"text": "10 years for persons with no ties to Spain"
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}
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},
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"Suffrage": {
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@ -417,19 +415,19 @@
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},
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"Executive branch": {
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"chief of state": {
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"text": "King FELIPE VI (since 19 June 2014); Heir Apparent Princess LEONOR daughter of the monarch, born 31 October 2005"
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"text": "King FELIPE VI (since 19 June 2014); Heir Apparent Princess LEONOR, Princess of Asturias, daughter of the monarch, born 31 October 2005"
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},
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"head of government": {
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"text": "President of the Government or Prime Minister Mariano RAJOY (since 20 December 2011); Vice President (and Minister of the President's Office) Soraya SAENZ DE SANTAMARIA (since 22 December 2011)"
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"text": "President of the Government or Acting Prime Minister Mariano RAJOY (since 20 December 2011); Vice President (and Minister of the President's Office) Soraya SAENZ DE SANTAMARIA (since 22 December 2011)"
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},
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"cabinet": {
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"text": "Council of Ministers designated by the president"
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},
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"elections/appointments": {
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"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually proposed as president by the monarch and indirectly elected by the National Assembly; election last held on 20 November 2011 (next to be held in November 2015); vice president and Council of Ministers appointed by the president"
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"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the monarch usually proposes the leader of the party or coalition with the largest majority of seats as president, who is then indirectly elected by the Congress of Deputies; election last held on 20 December 2015; vice president and Council of Ministers appointed by the president; note - because no party received a majority of the votes in both houses, and because the leaders of the parties with the most votes were unable to form a coalition to form a majority, new elections were held on 26 June 2016"
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},
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"election results": {
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"text": "Mariano RAJOY (PP) elected President of the Government; percent of National Assembly vote - 44.6%"
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"text": "percent of National Assembly vote - NA"
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},
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"note": {
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"text": "there is also a Council of State that is the supreme consultative organ of the government, but its recommendations are non-binding"
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@ -437,31 +435,31 @@
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},
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"Legislative branch": {
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"description": {
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"text": "bicameral General Courts or Las Cortes Generales consists of the Senate or Senado (257 seats as of 2013; 208 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 49 appointed by the regional legislatures; members serve 4-year terms) and the Congress of Deputies or Congreso de los Diputados (350 seats; 348 members directly elected in 50 multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 2 directly elected from the North African Ceuta and Melilla enclaves by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
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"text": "bicameral General Courts or Las Cortes Generales consists of the Senate or Senado (266 seats as of 2013; 208 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 58 appointed by the regional legislatures; members serve 4-year terms) and the Congress of Deputies or Congreso de los Diputados (350 seats; 348 members directly elected in 50 multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 2 directly elected from the North African Ceuta and Melilla enclaves by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms or until the government is dissolved)"
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},
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"elections": {
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"text": "Senate - last held on 20 November 2011 (next to be held by end of 2015); Congress of Deputies - last held on 20 November 2011 (next to be held by end of 2015)"
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"text": "Senate - last held on 26 June 2016 (next to be held 26 June 2016); Congress of Deputies - last held on 20 December 2015 (next to be held no later than 26 June 2020); note - the four main parties were unable to form a government so a second election was held six months later"
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},
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"election results": {
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"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PP 166, PSOE 66, CiU 13, ECP 10, EAJ/PNV 5, Amaiur 3, CC 2, FAC 1, members appointed by regional legislatures 49; Congress of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PP 44.6%, PSOE 28.8%, CiU 4.2%, IU 6.9%, Amaiur 1.4%, UPyD 4.7%, EAJ/PNV 1.3%, ERC 1.1%, BNG 8.2%, CC 0.6%, Compris-Q 0.5%, FAC 0.1%, GBai 0.1%; seats by party - PP 186, PSOE 110, CiU 16, IU 11, Amaiur 7, UPyD 5, EAJ/PNV 5, other 10"
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"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PP 151, PSOE 63, Podemos 23, ERC 12, EAJ/PNV 6, CDC 4, other 7; Congress of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PP 33.0%, PSOE 22.7%, Podemos 21.1%, C's 13.0%, ERC-CatSi 2.6%, CDC 2.0%, EAJ/PNV 1.2%, other 4.4%; seats by party - PP 137, PSOE 85, Podemos 71, C's 32, ERC-CatSi 9, CDC 8, EAJ/PNV 5, other 3"
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}
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},
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"Judicial branch": {
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"highest court(s)": {
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"text": "Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo (consists of the court president and organized into the Civil Room with a president and 9 magistrates, the Penal Room with a president and 14 magistrates, the Administrative Room with a president and 32 magistrates, the Social Room with a president and 12 magistrates, and the Military Room with a president and 7 magistrates); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional de Espana (consists of 12 judges)"
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"text": "Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo (consists of the court president and organized into the Civil Room with a president and 9 judges, the Penal Room with a president and 14 judges, the Administrative Room with a president and 32 judges, the Social Room with a president and 12 judges, and the Military Room with a president and 7 judges); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional de Espana (consists of 12 judges)"
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},
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"judge selection and term of office": {
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"text": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the monarch from candidates proposed by the General Council of the Judicial Power, a 20-member governing board chaired by the monarch and includes presidential appointees, and lawyers and jurists confirmed by the National Assembly; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges nominated by the General Assembly, executive branch, and the General Council of the Judiciary, and appointed by the monarch for 9-year terms"
|
||||
"text": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the monarch from candidates proposed by the General Council of the Judiciary Power, a 20-member governing board chaired by the monarch that includes presidential appointees, and lawyers and jurists confirmed by the National Assembly; judges can serve until age 70; Constitutional Court judges nominated by the National Assembly, executive branch, and the General Council of the Judiciary, and appointed by the monarch for 9-year terms"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subordinate courts": {
|
||||
"text": "National Court; High Courts of Justice (in each of the autonomous communities); provincial courts; courts of first instance"
|
||||
"text": "National High Court; High Courts of Justice (in each of the autonomous communities); provincial courts; courts of first instance"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Political parties and leaders": {
|
||||
"text": "Amaiur [collective leadership] (a separatist political coalition that advocates Basque independence from Spain) ++ Basque Nationalist Party or PNV or EAJ [Anoni ORTUZAR] ++ Canarian Coalition or CC [Claudina MORALES Rodriquez] (a coalition of five parties) ++ Ciutadans [Albert Rivera] (an anti-separatist Catalan party) ++ Convergence and Union or CiU [Artur MAS i Gavarro] (a coalition of the Democratic Convergence of Catalonia or CDC [Artur MAS i Gavarro] and the Democratic Union of Catalonia or UDC [Josep Antoni DURAN i LLEIDA]) ++ Entesa Catalonia de Progress [Carles BONET i Reves] (a Senate coalition grouping four Catalan parties - PSC, ERC, ICV, EUA) ++ Galician Nationalist Bloc or BNG [Xavier VENCE] ++ Initiative for Catalonia Greens or ICV [Joan HERRERA i Torres and Dolors CAMATS] ++ Popular Party or PP [Mariano RAJOY Brey] ++ Republican Left of Catalonia or ERC [Oriol JUNQUERAS i Vies] ++ Spanish Socialist Workers Party or PSOE [Pedro SANCHEZ] ++ Union of People of Navarra or UPN [Yolanda BARCINA Angulo] ++ Union, Progress and Democracy or UPyD [Rosa DIEZ Gonzalez] ++ United Left or IU [Cayo LARA Moya] (a coalition of parties including the Communist Party of Spain or PCE and other small parties) ++ Yes to the Future or Geroa Bai [Uxue BARKOS] (a coalition of four Navarran parties)"
|
||||
"text": "Amaiur [Xabier ERREKONDO] (a separatist political coalition that advocates Basque independence from Spain) ++ Asturias Forum or FAC [Cristina COTO] ++ Basque Country Unite (Euskal Herria Bildu) or EH Bildu [Pello URIZAR] (coalition of 4 Basque pro-independence parties) ++ Basque Nationalist Party or PNV or EAJ [Andoni ORTUZAR] ++ Canarian Coalition or CC [Claudina MORALES Rodriguez] (coalition of five parties) ++ Canarian Nationalist Party or PNC [Juan Manuel GARCIA Ramos] ++ Catalan Agreement of Progress (Entesa Catalonia de Progress) or ECP [Carles BONET i Reves] (Senate coalition of Catalan parties - PSC, ERC, ICV, EUA) ++ Change or Cambio-Aldaketa ++ Ciudadamos Party or C's [Albert RIVERA] ++ Democracy and Freedom or DiL [Francesc HOMS Molist] (2015 merger of Cemocratic Convergence of Catalonia or CDC, Democrats of Catalonia, Reagrupament) ++ Democratic Union of Catalonia or UDC [Josep Antoni DURAN i LLEIDA] ++ Galician Nationalist Bloc or BNG [Xavier VENCE] ++ Gomera Socialist Group or ASG ++ Initiative for Catalonia Greens or ICV [Joan HERRERA i Torres and Dolors CAMATS] ++ Podemos [Pablo IGLESIAS Turrion] ++ Popular Party or PP [Mariano RAJOY Brey] ++ Republican Left of Catalonia or ERC [Oriol JUNQUERAS i Vies] ++ Spanish Socialist Workers Party or PSOE [interim leader Javier FERNANDEZ] ++ Union of People of Navarra or UPN [Yolanda BARCINA Angulo] ++ Union, Progress and Democracy or UPyD [Rosa DIEZ Gonzalez] ++ United Left or IU [Alberto GARZON] (a coalition of parties including the Communist Party of Spain or PCE and other small parties; ran as Popular Unity or UP in 2015 election) ++ Yes to the Future or Geroa Bai [Uxue BARKOS] (a coalition of four Navarran parties)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Political pressure groups and leaders": {
|
||||
"text": "Association for Victims of Terrorism or AVT (grassroots organization devoted primarily to supporting victims of the Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) terrorist organization) ++ Catholic Church ++ 15-M or 15 May protest movement, also known as the Indignados, Spanish for the \"indignant ones\" (a loose association of grassroots organizations that advocate for greater accountability and transparency in Spanish politics, increased social justice and job creation) ++ Socialist General Union of Workers or UGT (includes the smaller independent Workers Syndical Union or USO) ++ Trade Union Confederation of Workers' Commissions or CC.OO. ++ Spanish Confederation of Employers' Organizations or CEOE",
|
||||
"text": "Association for Victims of Terrorism or AVT (grassroots organization devoted primarily to supporting victims of the Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) terrorist organization) ++ Catholic Church ++ Socialist General Union of Workers or UGT (includes the smaller independent Workers Syndical Union or USO) ++ Trade Union Confederation of Workers' Commissions or CC.OO. ++ Spanish Confederation of Employers' Organizations or CEOE",
|
||||
"other": {
|
||||
"text": "business and landowning interests; free labor unions (authorized in April 1977); university students"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -483,7 +481,10 @@
|
|||
"text": "[1] (202) 833-5670"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"consulate(s) general": {
|
||||
"text": "Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico)"
|
||||
"text": "Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"consulate(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "Kansas City (MO)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -529,47 +530,47 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Economy": {
|
||||
"Economy - overview": {
|
||||
"text": "After experiencing a prolonged recession in the wake of the global financial crisis that began in 2008, in 2014 Spain marked the first full year of positive economic growth in seven years, largely due to increased private consumption. At the onset of the global financial crisis Spain's GDP contracted by 3.7% in 2009, ending a 16-year growth trend, and continued contracting through most of 2013. In 2013 the government successfully shored up struggling banks - exposed to the collapse of Spain's depressed real estate and construction sectors - and in January 2014 completed an EU-funded restructuring and recapitalization program. ++ ++ Until 2014, credit contraction in the private sector, fiscal austerity, and high unemployment weighed on domestic consumption and investment. The unemployment rate rose from a low of about 8% in 2007 to more than 26% in 2013, but labor reforms prompted a modest reduction to 23.7% in 2014. High unemployment strained Spain's public finances, as spending on social benefits increased while tax revenues fell. Spain’s budget deficit peaked at 11.4% of GDP in 2010, but Spain gradually reduced the deficit to just under 7% of GDP in 2013-14, slightly above the 6.5% target negotiated between Spain and the EU. Public debt has increased substantially – from 60.1% of GDP in 2010 to more than 97% in 2014. ++ ++ Exports were resilient throughout the economic downturn and helped to bring Spain's current account into surplus in 2013 for the first time since 1986, where it remained in 2014. Rising labor productivity and an internal devaluation resulting from moderating labor costs and lower inflation have helped to improve foreign investor interest in the economy and positive FDI flows have been restored. ++ ++ The government's efforts to implement labor, pension, health, tax, and education reforms - aimed at supporting investor sentiment - have become overshadowed by political activity in 2015 in anticipation of the national parliamentary elections in November. Spain’s 2015 budget, published in September 2014, rolls back some recently imposed taxes in advance of the elections and leaves untouched the country’s value-added tax (VAT) regime, which continues to generate significantly lower revenue than the EU average. Spain’s borrowing costs are dramatically lower since their peak in mid-2012, and despite the recent uptic in economic activity, inflation has dropped sharply, from 1.5% in 2013 to nearly flat in 2014."
|
||||
"text": "After experiencing a prolonged recession in the wake of the global financial crisis that began in 2008, in 2014 Spain marked the first full year of positive economic growth in seven years, largely due to increased private consumption. At the onset of the financial crisis, Spain's GDP contracted by 3.7% in 2009, ending a 16-year growth trend, and continued contracting through most of 2013. In 2013, the government successfully shored up struggling banks - exposed to the collapse of Spain's depressed real estate and construction sectors - and in January 2014 completed an EU-funded restructuring and recapitalization program. ++ ++ Until 2014, credit contraction in the private sector, fiscal austerity, and high unemployment weighed on domestic consumption and investment. The unemployment rate rose from a low of about 8% in 2007 to more than 26% in 2013, but labor reforms prompted a modest reduction to 22% in 2015. High unemployment strained Spain's public finances, as spending on social benefits increased while tax revenues fell. Spain’s budget deficit peaked at 11.4% of GDP in 2010, but Spain gradually reduced the deficit to just under 7% of GDP in 2013-14, and 4.7% of GDP in 2015. Public debt has increased substantially – from 60.1% of GDP in 2010 to nearly 101% in 2015. ++ ++ Exports were resilient throughout the economic downturn and helped to bring Spain's current account into surplus in 2013 for the first time since 1986, where it remained in 2014-15. Rising labor productivity and an internal devaluation resulting from moderating labor costs and lower inflation have helped to improve foreign investor interest in the economy and positive FDI flows have been restored. ++ ++ The government's efforts to implement labor, pension, healthcare, tax, and education reforms - aimed at supporting investor sentiment - have become overshadowed by political activity in 2015 in anticipation of the national parliamentary elections in December. The European Commission criticized Spain’s 2016 budget for its easing of austerity measures and its alleged overly optimistic growth and deficit projections. Spain’s borrowing costs are dramatically lower since their peak in mid-2012, and despite the recent uptick in economic activity, inflation has dropped sharply, from 1.5% in 2013 to a negative 0.6% in 2015."
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
|
||||
"text": "$1.572 trillion (2014 est.) ++ $1.551 trillion (2013 est.) ++ $1.57 trillion (2012 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "$1.618 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $1.568 trillion (2014 est.) ++ $1.547 trillion (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
|
||||
"text": "$1.407 trillion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$1.2 trillion (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - real growth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "1.4% (2014 est.) ++ -1.2% (2013 est.) ++ -2.1% (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "3.2% (2015 est.) ++ 1.4% (2014 est.) ++ -1.7% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
|
||||
"text": "$33,800 (2014 est.) ++ $33,400 (2013 est.) ++ $33,800 (2012 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "$34,900 (2015 est.) ++ $33,800 (2014 est.) ++ $33,200 (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving": {
|
||||
"text": "20.3% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 20.4% of GDP (2013 est.) ++ 19.9% of GDP (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "22.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 20.8% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 20.7% of GDP (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
|
||||
"household consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "59%"
|
||||
"text": "57.6%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"government consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "19.2%"
|
||||
"text": "19.3%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"investment in fixed capital": {
|
||||
"text": "18.9%"
|
||||
"text": "20.4%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"investment in inventories": {
|
||||
"text": "0.6%"
|
||||
"text": "0.3%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"exports of goods and services": {
|
||||
"text": "32%"
|
||||
"text": "33.1%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"imports of goods and services": {
|
||||
"text": "-29.7% ++ (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-30.7% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -577,10 +578,10 @@
|
|||
"text": "2.5%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"industry": {
|
||||
"text": "23.1%"
|
||||
"text": "22.6%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"services": {
|
||||
"text": "74.4% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "74.9% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Agriculture - products": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -590,24 +591,24 @@
|
|||
"text": "textiles and apparel (including footwear), food and beverages, metals and metal manufactures, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles, machine tools, tourism, clay and refractory products, footwear, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Industrial production growth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "0.7% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "3.9% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force": {
|
||||
"text": "22.95 million (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "22.92 million (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force - by occupation": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
"text": "2.9%"
|
||||
"text": "4.2%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"industry": {
|
||||
"text": "15%"
|
||||
"text": "24%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"services": {
|
||||
"text": "58.4% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "71.7% (2009)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Unemployment rate": {
|
||||
"text": "24.5% (2014 est.) ++ 26.1% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "22.1% (2015 est.) ++ 24.5% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Population below poverty line": {
|
||||
"text": "21.1% (2012 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -621,30 +622,30 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Distribution of family income - Gini index": {
|
||||
"text": "34 (2011) ++ 32 (2005)"
|
||||
"text": "35.9 (2012) ++ 32 (2005)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$531.7 billion"
|
||||
"text": "$458.8 billion"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "$613.2 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$519.8 billion (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "37.8% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "38.2% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
|
||||
"text": "-5.8% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-5.1% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Public debt": {
|
||||
"text": "97.7% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 92.1% of GDP (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "99.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 99.3% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Fiscal year": {
|
||||
"text": "calendar year"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
|
||||
"text": "-0.2% (2014 est.) ++ 1.4% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-0.5% (2015 est.) ++ -0.1% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Central bank discount rate": {
|
||||
"text": "0.05% (10 September 2014) ++ 0.25% (13 November 2013)",
|
||||
|
|
@ -653,61 +654,66 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Commercial bank prime lending rate": {
|
||||
"text": "9.44% (31 December 2014 est.) ++ 9.34% (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "2.74% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 3.5% (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of narrow money": {
|
||||
"text": "$858.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $868.8 billion (31 December 2013 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "$745 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $716.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of broad money": {
|
||||
"text": "$1.369 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.504 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$1.257 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.369 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of domestic credit": {
|
||||
"text": "$2.662 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $3.163 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$2.279 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.662 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Market value of publicly traded shares": {
|
||||
"text": "$995.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $1.031 trillion (31 December 2011) ++ $1.172 trillion (31 December 2010 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$787.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $992.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.117 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Current account balance": {
|
||||
"text": "$11.2 billion (2014 est.) ++ $20.03 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$16.7 billion (2015 est.) ++ $13.6 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports": {
|
||||
"text": "$317.1 billion (2014 est.) ++ $310.7 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$277.9 billion (2015 est.) ++ $317.1 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "machinery, motor vehicles; foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, medicines, other consumer goods"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "France 16.2%, Germany 10.7%, Portugal 7.6%, Italy 7.3%, UK 7.1% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "France 15.7%, Germany 11%, Italy 7.4%, UK 7.4%, Portugal 7.1%, US 4.5% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports": {
|
||||
"text": "$345.6 billion (2014 est.) ++ $327.6 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$302.6 billion (2015 est.) ++ $347 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals, semi-finished goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods, measuring and medical control instruments"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "Germany 13.4%, France 11.9%, Italy 6.2%, China 6.1%, Netherlands 4.8%, UK 4.4% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "Germany 14.4%, France 11.7%, China 7.1%, Italy 6.5%, Netherlands 5%, UK 4.9% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
|
||||
"text": "$50.35 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $46.31 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$53.97 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $50.35 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Debt - external": {
|
||||
"text": "$50.35 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $46.31 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$2.064 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $2.238 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": {
|
||||
"text": "$721.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $802.8 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$758.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $736.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": {
|
||||
"text": "$674 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $719.5 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$720.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $673.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exchange rates": {
|
||||
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.7489 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.) ++ 0.755 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.7752 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Energy": {
|
||||
"Electricity access": {
|
||||
"electrification - total population": {
|
||||
"text": "100% (2016)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - production": {
|
||||
"text": "280 billion kWh (2012 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -781,53 +787,64 @@
|
|||
"Communications": {
|
||||
"Telephones - fixed lines": {
|
||||
"total subscriptions": {
|
||||
"text": "19.09 million"
|
||||
"text": "19,180,192"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "40 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "40 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephones - mobile cellular": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "50.8 million"
|
||||
"text": "50.926 million"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "106 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "106 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephone system": {
|
||||
"general assessment": {
|
||||
"text": "well-developed, modern facilities; fixed-line teledensity exceeds 40 per 100 persons"
|
||||
"text": "well-developed, modern facilities"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"domestic": {
|
||||
"text": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity exceeds 150 telephones per 100 persons"
|
||||
"text": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity exceeds 145 telephones per 100 persons"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"international": {
|
||||
"text": "country code - 34; submarine cables provide connectivity to Europe, Middle East, Asia, and US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to adjacent countries (2011)"
|
||||
"text": "country code - 34; submarine cables provide connectivity to Europe, Middle East, Asia, and US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to adjacent countries (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Broadcast media": {
|
||||
"text": "a mixture of both publicly operated and privately owned TV and radio stations; overall, hundreds of TV channels are available including national, regional, local, public, and international channels; satellite and cable TV systems available; multiple national radio networks, a large number of regional radio networks, and a larger number of local radio stations; overall, hundreds of radio stations (2008)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Radio broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "AM 18, FM 250, shortwave 2 (2008)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Television broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "379 (2008)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet country code": {
|
||||
"text": ".es"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "35.5 million"
|
||||
"text": "37.886 million"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "74.4% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "78.7% (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transportation": {
|
||||
"National air transport system": {
|
||||
"number of registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "20"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "414"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "60,809,228"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual freight traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "1,040,913,279 mt-km (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
|
||||
"text": "EC (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports": {
|
||||
"text": "150 (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -862,7 +879,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "13"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": " ++ 36 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "36 (2013)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -922,37 +939,13 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military": {
|
||||
"Military and Security": {
|
||||
"Military branches": {
|
||||
"text": "Spanish Armed Forces: Army (Ejercito de Tierra), Spanish Navy (Armada Espanola, AE; includes Marine Corps), Spanish Air Force (Ejercito del Aire Espanola, EdA) (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18-26 years of age for voluntary military service by a Spanish citizen or legal immigrant, 2-3 year obligation; women allowed to serve in all SAF branches, including combat units; no conscription, but Spanish Government retains right to mobilize citizens 19-25 years of age in a national emergency; mandatory retirement of non-NCO enlisted personnel at age 45 or 58, depending on service length (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower available for military service": {
|
||||
"males age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "11,759,557"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"females age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "11,204,688 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower fit for military service": {
|
||||
"males age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "9,603,939"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"females age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "9,116,928 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually": {
|
||||
"male": {
|
||||
"text": "217,244"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"female": {
|
||||
"text": "205,278 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "0.86% of GDP (2012) ++ 0.95% of GDP (2011) ++ 0.86% of GDP (2010)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -963,7 +956,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "270 (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "440 (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "14,661 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (2015 - October 2016)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Illicit drugs": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue