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Gerald Bauer
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europe/ri.json
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europe/ri.json
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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{
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"Introduction": {
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"Background": {
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"text": "The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes was formed in 1918; its name was changed to Yugoslavia in 1929. Communist Partisans resisted the Axis occupation and division of Yugoslavia from 1941 to 1945 and fought nationalist opponents and collaborators as well. The military and political movement headed by Josip Broz \"TITO\" (Partisans) took full control of Yugoslavia when their domestic rivals and the occupiers were defeated in 1945. Although communists, TITO and his successors (Tito died in 1980) managed to steer their own path between the Warsaw Pact nations and the West for the next four and a half decades. In 1989, Slobodan MILOSEVIC became president of the Republic of Serbia and his ultranationalist calls for Serbian domination led to the violent breakup of Yugoslavia along ethnic lines. In 1991, Croatia, Slovenia, and Macedonia declared independence, followed by Bosnia in 1992. The remaining republics of Serbia and Montenegro declared a new Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) in April 1992 and under MILOSEVIC's leadership, Serbia led various military campaigns to unite ethnic Serbs in neighboring republics into a \"Greater Serbia.\" These actions ultimately failed and, after international intervention, led to the signing of the Dayton Peace Accords in 1995. ++ MILOSEVIC retained control over Serbia and eventually became president of the FRY in 1997. In 1998, an ethnic Albanian insurgency in the formerly autonomous Serbian province of Kosovo provoked a Serbian counterinsurgency campaign that resulted in massacres and massive expulsions of ethnic Albanians living in Kosovo. The MILOSEVIC government's rejection of a proposed international settlement led to NATO's bombing of Serbia in the spring of 1999. Serbian military and police forces withdrew from Kosovo in June 1999, and the UN Security Council authorized an interim UN administration and a NATO-led security force in Kosovo. FRY elections in late 2000 led to the ouster of MILOSEVIC and the installation of democratic government. In 2003, the FRY became the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro, a loose federation of the two republics. Widespread violence predominantly targeting ethnic Serbs in Kosovo in March 2004 led to more intense calls to address Kosovo's status, and the UN began facilitating status talks in 2006. In June 2006, Montenegro seceded from the federation and declared itself an independent nation. Serbia subsequently gave notice that it was the successor state to the union of Serbia and Montenegro. ++ In February 2008, after nearly two years of inconclusive negotiations, Kosovo declared itself independent of Serbia - an action Serbia refuses to recognize. At Serbia's request, the UN General Assembly (UNGA) in October 2008 sought an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on whether Kosovo's unilateral declaration of independence was in accordance with international law. In a ruling considered unfavorable to Serbia, the ICJ issued an advisory opinion in July 2010 stating that international law did not prohibit declarations of independence. In late 2010, Serbia agreed to an EU-drafted UNGA Resolution acknowledging the ICJ's decision and calling for a new round of talks between Serbia and Kosovo, this time on practical issues rather than Kosovo's status. Serbia and Kosovo signed the first agreement of principles governing the normalization of relations between the two countries in April 2013 and are in the process of implementing its provisions. In January 2014, the EU opened formal negotiations on Serbia's accession to the EU."
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"text": "The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes was formed in 1918; its name was changed to Yugoslavia in 1929. Communist Partisans resisted the Axis occupation and division of Yugoslavia from 1941 to 1945 and fought nationalist opponents and collaborators as well. The military and political movement headed by Josip Broz \"TITO\" (Partisans) took full control of Yugoslavia when their domestic rivals and the occupiers were defeated in 1945. Although communists, TITO and his successors (Tito died in 1980) managed to steer their own path between the Warsaw Pact nations and the West for the next four and a half decades. In 1989, Slobodan MILOSEVIC became president of the Republic of Serbia and his ultranationalist calls for Serbian domination led to the violent breakup of Yugoslavia along ethnic lines. In 1991, Croatia, Slovenia, and Macedonia declared independence, followed by Bosnia in 1992. The remaining republics of Serbia and Montenegro declared a new Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) in April 1992 and under MILOSEVIC's leadership, Serbia led various military campaigns to unite ethnic Serbs in neighboring republics into a \"Greater Serbia.\" These actions ultimately failed and, after international intervention, led to the signing of the Dayton Peace Accords in 1995. ++ MILOSEVIC retained control over Serbia and eventually became president of the FRY in 1997. In 1998, an ethnic Albanian insurgency in the formerly autonomous Serbian province of Kosovo provoked a Serbian counterinsurgency campaign that resulted in massacres and massive expulsions of ethnic Albanians living in Kosovo. The MILOSEVIC government's rejection of a proposed international settlement led to NATO's bombing of Serbia in the spring of 1999. Serbian military and police forces withdrew from Kosovo in June 1999, and the UN Security Council authorized an interim UN administration and a NATO-led security force in Kosovo. FRY elections in late 2000 led to the ouster of MILOSEVIC and the installation of democratic government. In 2003, the FRY became the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro, a loose federation of the two republics. Widespread violence predominantly targeting ethnic Serbs in Kosovo in March 2004 led to more intense calls to address Kosovo's status, and the UN began facilitating status talks in 2006. In June 2006, Montenegro seceded from the federation and declared itself an independent nation. Serbia subsequently gave notice that it was the successor state to the union of Serbia and Montenegro. ++ In February 2008, after nearly two years of inconclusive negotiations, Kosovo declared itself independent of Serbia - an action Serbia refuses to recognize. At Serbia's request, the UN General Assembly (UNGA) in October 2008 sought an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on whether Kosovo's unilateral declaration of independence was in accordance with international law. In a ruling considered unfavorable to Serbia, the ICJ issued an advisory opinion in July 2010 stating that international law did not prohibit declarations of independence. In late 2010, Serbia agreed to an EU-drafted UNGA Resolution acknowledging the ICJ's decision and calling for a new round of talks between Serbia and Kosovo, this time on practical issues rather than Kosovo's status. Serbia and Kosovo signed the first agreement of principles governing the normalization of relations between the two countries in April 2013 and are in the process of implementing its provisions. Prime Minister Aleksandar VUCIC, has promoted an ambitious goal of Serbia joining the EU by 2020. Under his leadership, in January 2014 Serbia opened formal negotiations for accession."
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}
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},
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"Geography": {
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@ -48,12 +48,12 @@
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"Terrain": {
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"text": "extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountains and hills"
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},
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"Elevation extremes": {
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"lowest point": {
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"text": "Danube and Timok Rivers 35 m"
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"Elevation": {
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"mean elevation": {
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"text": "442 m"
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},
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"highest point": {
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"text": "Midzor 2,169 m"
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"elevation extremes": {
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"text": "lowest point: Danube and Timok Rivers 35 m ++ highest point: Midzor 2,169 m"
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}
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},
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"Natural resources": {
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@ -71,10 +71,10 @@
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}
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},
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"Irrigated land": {
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"text": "919.6 sq km (2011)"
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"text": "950 sq km (2012)"
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "162.2 cu km (note - includes Kosovo) (2011)"
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"Population - distribution": {
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"text": "a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations"
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},
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"Natural hazards": {
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"text": "destructive earthquakes"
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@ -95,6 +95,12 @@
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}
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},
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"People and Society": {
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"Population": {
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"text": "7,143,921",
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"note": {
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"text": "does not include the population of Kosovo (July 2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Nationality": {
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"noun": {
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"text": "Serb(s)"
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@ -109,36 +115,27 @@
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"Languages": {
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"text": "Serbian (official) 88.1%, Hungarian 3.4%, Bosnian 1.9%, Romany 1.4%, other 3.4%, undeclared or unknown 1.8%",
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"note": {
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"text": "Serbian, Hungarian, Slovak, Romanian, Croatian, and Rusyn all official in Vojvodina (2011 est.)"
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"text": "Serbian, Hungarian, Slovak, Romanian, Croatian, and Rusyn are official in Vojvodina (2011 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Religions": {
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"text": "Serbian Orthodox 84.6%, Catholic 5%, Muslim 3.1%, Protestant 1%, atheist 1.1%, other 0.8%, undeclared or unknown 4.5% (2011 est.)"
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},
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"Population": {
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"text": "7,176,794",
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"note": {
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"text": "does not include the population of Kosovo (July 2015 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Age structure": {
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"0-14 years": {
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"text": "14.74% (male 545,685/female 512,443)"
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"text": "14.64% (male 539,189/female 506,727)"
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},
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"15-24 years": {
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"text": "11.46% (male 423,785/female 398,878)"
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"text": "11.34% (male 417,692/female 392,379)"
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},
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"25-54 years": {
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"text": "41.52% (male 1,503,100/female 1,476,843)"
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"text": "41.41% (male 1,492,799/female 1,465,270)"
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},
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"55-64 years": {
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"text": "14.66% (male 506,796/female 545,165)"
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"text": "14.58% (male 502,172/female 539,349)"
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},
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"65 years and over": {
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"text": "17.61% (male 519,501/female 744,598) (2015 est.)"
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},
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"population pyramid": {
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"text": null
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"text": "18.03% (male 530,827/female 757,517) (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Dependency ratios": {
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@ -157,26 +154,29 @@
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},
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"Median age": {
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"total": {
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"text": "42.1 years"
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"text": "42.3 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "40.4 years"
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"text": "40.7 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "43.8 years (2015 est.)"
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"text": "44 years (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Population growth rate": {
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"text": "-0.46% (2015 est.)"
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"text": "-0.46% (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Birth rate": {
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"text": "9.08 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "9 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Death rate": {
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"text": "13.66 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "13.6 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Net migration rate": {
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"text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Population distribution": {
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"text": "a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations"
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},
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"Urbanization": {
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"urban population": {
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@ -194,7 +194,7 @@
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"text": "1.07 male(s)/female"
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},
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"0-14 years": {
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"text": "1.07 male(s)/female"
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"text": "1.06 male(s)/female"
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},
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"15-24 years": {
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"text": "1.06 male(s)/female"
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@ -209,42 +209,45 @@
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"text": "0.7 male(s)/female"
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},
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"total population": {
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"text": "0.95 male(s)/female (2015 est.)"
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"text": "0.95 male(s)/female (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
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"text": "27.8 (2013 est.)"
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},
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"Maternal mortality rate": {
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"text": "17 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Infant mortality rate": {
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"total": {
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"text": "6.05 deaths/1,000 live births"
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"text": "5.9 deaths/1,000 live births"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "6.96 deaths/1,000 live births"
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"text": "6.8 deaths/1,000 live births"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "5.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)"
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"text": "5 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Life expectancy at birth": {
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"total population": {
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"text": "75.26 years"
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"text": "75.5 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "72.39 years"
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"text": "72.6 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "78.31 years (2015 est.)"
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"text": "78.5 years (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Total fertility rate": {
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"text": "1.43 children born/woman (2015 est.)"
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"text": "1.43 children born/woman (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
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"text": "60.8% (2010)"
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},
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"Health expenditures": {
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"text": "10.6% of GDP (2013)"
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"text": "10.4% of GDP (2014)"
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},
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"Physicians density": {
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"text": "2.11 physicians/1,000 population (2009)"
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"text": "intermediate"
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},
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"food or waterborne diseases": {
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"text": "bacterial diarrhea"
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},
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"note": {
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"text": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)"
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"text": "bacterial diarrhea (2016)"
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}
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},
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"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
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@ -295,7 +295,7 @@
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"text": "1.8% (2014)"
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},
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"Education expenditures": {
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"text": "4.8% of GDP (2011)"
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"text": "4.4% of GDP (2012)"
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},
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"Literacy": {
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"definition": {
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@ -319,7 +319,7 @@
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"text": "14 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "15 years (2013)"
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"text": "15 years (2014)"
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}
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},
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"Child labor - children ages 5-14": {
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@ -332,7 +332,13 @@
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},
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"Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": {
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"total": {
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"text": "51.1% (2012 est.)"
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"text": "49.4%"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "N/A"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "N/A (2013 est.)"
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}
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}
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},
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@ -352,10 +358,13 @@
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},
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"former": {
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"text": "People's Republic of Serbia, Socialist Republic of Serbia"
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},
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"etymology": {
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"text": "the origin of the name in uncertain, but seems to be related to the name of the West Slavic Sorbs who reside in the Lusatian region in present-day eastern Germany; by tradition, the Serbs migrated from that region to the Balkans in about the 6th century A.D."
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}
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},
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"Government type": {
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"text": "republic"
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"text": "parliamentary republic"
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},
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"Capital": {
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"name": {
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@ -372,12 +381,12 @@
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}
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},
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"Administrative divisions": {
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"text": "122 municipalities (opstine, singular - opstina) and 23 cities (gradovi, singular - grad)",
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"text": "119 municipalities (opstine, singular - opstina) and 26 cities (gradovi, singular - grad)",
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"municipalities": {
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"text": "Ada*, Aleksandrovac, Aleksinac, Alibunar*, Apatin*, Arandelovac, Arilje, Babusnica, Bac*, Backa Palanka*, Backa Topola*, Backi Petrovac*, Bajina Basta, Batocina, Becej*, Bela Crkva*, Bela Palanka, Beocin*, Blace, Bogatic, Bojnik, Boljevac, Bor, Bosilegrad, Brus, Bujanovac, Cajetina, Cicevac, Coka*, Crna Trava, Cuprija, Despotovac, Dimitrov, Doljevac, Gadzin Han, Golubac, Gornji Milanovac, Indija*, Irig*, Ivanjica, Kanjiza*, Kikinda*, Kladovo, Knic, Knjazevac, Koceljeva, Kosjeric, Kovacica*, Kovin*, Krupanj, Kucevo, Kula*, Kursumlija, Lajkovac, Lapovo, Lebane, Ljig, Ljubovija, Lucani, Majdanpek, Mali Idos*, Mali Zvornik, Malo Crnice, Medveda, Merosina, Mionica, Negotin, Nova Crnja*, Nova Varos, Novi Becej*, Novi Knezevac*, Odzaci*, Opovo*, Osecina, Paracin, Pecinci*, Petrovac na Mlavi, Pirot, Plandiste*, Pozega, Presevo, Priboj, Prijepolje, Prokuplje, Raca, Raska, Razanj, Rekovac, Ruma*, Secanj*, Senta*, Sid*, Sjenica, Smederevska Palanka, Sokobanja, Srbobran*, Sremski Karlovci*, Stara Pazova*, Surdulica, Svilajnac, Svrljig, Temerin*, Titel*, Topola, Trgoviste, Trstenik, Tutin, Ub, Varvarin, Velika Plana, Veliko Gradiste, Vladicin Han, Vladimirci, Vlasotince, Vrbas*, Vrnjacka Banja, Vrsac*, Zabalj*, Zabari, Zagubica, Zitiste*, Zitorada"
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"text": "Ada*, Aleksandrovac, Aleksinac, Alibunar*, Apatin*, Arandelovac, Arilje, Babusnica, Bac*, Backa Palanka*, Backa Topola*, Backi Petrovac*, Bajina Basta, Batocina, Becej*, Bela Crkva*, Bela Palanka, Beocin*, Blace, Bogatic, Bojnik, Boljevac, Bor, Bosilegrad, Brus, Bujanovac, Cajetina, Cicevac, Coka*, Crna Trava, Cuprija, Despotovac, Dimitrov, Doljevac, Gadzin Han, Golubac, Gornji Milanovac, Indija*, Irig*, Ivanjica, Kanjiza*, Kladovo, Knic, Knjazevac, Koceljeva, Kosjeric, Kovacica*, Kovin*, Krupanj, Kucevo, Kula*, Kursumlija, Lajkovac, Lapovo, Lebane, Ljig, Ljubovija, Lucani, Majdanpek, Mali Idos*, Mali Zvornik, Malo Crnice, Medveda, Merosina, Mionica, Negotin, Nova Crnja*, Nova Varos, Novi Becej*, Novi Knezevac*, Odzaci*, Opovo*, Osecina, Paracin, Pecinci*, Petrovac na Mlavi, Plandiste*, Pozega, Presevo, Priboj, Prijepolje, Prokuplje, Raca, Raska, Razanj, Rekovac, Ruma*, Secanj*, Senta*, Sid*, Sjenica, Smederevska Palanka, Sokobanja, Srbobran*, Sremski Karlovci*, Stara Pazova*, Surdulica, Svilajnac, Svrljig, Temerin*, Titel*, Topola, Trgoviste, Trstenik, Tutin, Ub, Varvarin, Velika Plana, Veliko Gradiste, Vladicin Han, Vladimirci, Vlasotince, Vrbas*, Vrnjacka Banja, Zabalj*, Zabari, Zagubica, Zitiste*, Zitorada"
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},
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"cities": {
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"text": "Beograd, Cacak, Jagodina, Kragujevac, Kraljevo, Krusevac, Leskovac, Loznica, Nis, Novi Pazar, Novi Sad*, Pancevo*, Pozarevac, Sabac, Smederevo, Sombor*, Sremska Mitrovica*, Subotica*, Uzice, Vajevo, Vranje, Zajecar, Zrenjanin*"
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"text": "Beograd, Cacak, Jagodina, Kikinda*, Kragujevac, Kraljevo, Krusevac, Leskovac, Loznica, Nis, Novi Pazar, Novi Sad*, Pancevo*, Pirot, Pozarevac, Sabac, Smederevo, Sombor*, Sremska Mitrovica*, Subotica*, Uzice, Valjevo, Vranje, Vrsac, Zajecar, Zrenjanin*"
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},
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"note": {
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"text": "the northern 39 municipalities and 6 cities - about 28% of Serbia's area - compose the autonomous province of Vojvodina and are indicated with *"
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"text": "National Day, 15 February (1835), the day the first constitution of the country was adopted"
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},
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"Constitution": {
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"text": "many previous; latest approved by referendum 28-29 October 2006, adopted 30 September 2006, effective 8 November 2006; note - proposed amendments to establish a special court for war crimes were defeated in June 2015 by the National Assembly (2015)"
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"text": "many previous; latest approved by referendum 28-29 October 2006, adopted 30 September 2006, effective 8 November 2006; note - proposed amendments to establish a special court for war crimes were defeated in June 2015 by the National Assembly (2016)"
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},
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"Legal system": {
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"text": "civil law system"
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@ -399,14 +408,17 @@
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"text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
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},
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"Citizenship": {
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"birthright citizenship": {
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"text": ""
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"citizenship by birth": {
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"text": "no"
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},
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"citizenship by descent only": {
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"text": "at least one parent must be a citizen of Serbia"
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},
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"dual citizenship recognized": {
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"text": "yes"
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},
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"residency requirement for naturalization": {
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"text": ""
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"text": "3 years"
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}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Suffrage": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -417,7 +429,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "President Tomislav NIKOLIC (since 11 June 2012)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"head of government": {
|
||||
"text": "Prime Minister Aleksandar VUCIC (since 22 April 2014)"
|
||||
"text": "Prime Minister Aleksandar VUCIC (since 27 April 2014)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"cabinet": {
|
||||
"text": "Cabinet elected by the National Assembly"
|
||||
|
|
@ -431,13 +443,13 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Legislative branch": {
|
||||
"description": {
|
||||
"text": "unicameral National Assembly or Narodna Skupstina (250 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)"
|
||||
"text": "unicameral National Assembly or Narodna Skupstina (250 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by party list proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"elections": {
|
||||
"text": "last held on 16 March 2014 (next to be held by March 2018)"
|
||||
"text": "last held on 24 April 2016 (next to be held by April 2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"election results": {
|
||||
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - SNS-led coalition 48.4%, SPS/PUPS/JS 13.5%, DS 6.0%, Boris Tadic coalition 5.7%, DSS 4.2%, Dveri 3.6%, LDP-led coalition 3.4%, URS 3.0%, SVM 2.1%, Enough of that 2.1%, SRS 2.0%, SDA 1.0%, PDD .7%, other and invalid 4.3%; seats by party/coalition - SNS-led coalition 158, SPS/PUPS/JS 44, DS 19, Boris Tadic coalition 18, SVM 6, SDA 3, PDD 2"
|
||||
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - Serbia is Winning 48.2%, SPS-JS-ZS-KP 11.0%, SRS 8.1%, For a Just Serbia 6.0%, Enough is Enough 6.0%, Alliance for a Better Serbia 5.0%, Dveri-DSS 5.0%, SVM 1.5%, other 9.2%; seats by party/coalition Serbia is Winning 131, SPS-JS-ZS-KP 29, SRS 22, For a Just Serbia 16, Enough is Enough 16, Alliance for a Better Serbia 13, Dveri-DSS 13, SVM 4, other 6"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Judicial branch": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -455,10 +467,13 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Political parties and leaders": {
|
||||
"text": "Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians or SVM [Istvan PASZTOR] ++ Boris Tadic coalition [Boris TADIC] (includes Social Democratic Party or SDS (formerly New Democratic Party-Greens or NDS-Z) [Boris TADIC], League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina or LSV [Nenad CANAK], Together for Serbia or ZZS [Dusan PETROVIC], Democratic Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians or VMDK [Aron CSONKA], Together for Vojvodina or ZZV [Olena PAPUGA], Democratic Left of Roma or DLR [Jovan DAMJANOVIC]) ++ Democratic Party of Serbia or DSS [Sanda Razkovic IVIC] ++ Dveri [Bosko OBRADOVIC] ++ Enough of That [Sasa RADULOVIC] ++ Party for Democratic Action or PDD [Riza HALIMI] ++ Party of Democratic Action of the Sandzak or SDA [Sulejman UGLJANIN] ++ Serbian Radical Party or SRS [Vojislav SESELJ] ++ SNS-led coalition/A Future We Believe In [Aleksandar VUCIC] (includes Serbian Progressive Party or SNS [Aleksandar VUCIC], Social Democratic Party of Serbia or SDPS [Rasim LJAJIC], New Serbia or NS [Velimir ILIC], Movement of Socialists or PS [Aleksandar VULIN], and Serbian Renewal Movement or SPO [Vuk DRASKOVIC]) ++ United Regions of Serbia or URS [Mladan DINKIC] ++ Democratic Party or DS [Bojan PAJTIC] ++ SPS/PUPS/JS [Ivica DACIC] (includes Socialist Party of Serbia or SPS [Ivica DACIC], Party of United Pensioners of Serbia or PUPS [Jovan KRKOBABIC], United Serbia or JS [Dragan \"Palma\" MARKOVIC]) ++ LDP-led coalition [Cedomir JOVANOVIC] (includes Liberal Democratic Party of LDP [Cedomir JOVANOVIC], Bosniak Democratic Union of Sandzak or BDZS [Esad DZUDZEVIC], Social Democratic Union of SDU [Zarko KORAC])"
|
||||
"text": "Alliance for a Better Serbia - coalition includes LDP, LSV, SDS ++ Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians or SVM [Istvan PASZTOR] ++ Communist Party or KP [Josip Joska BROZ] ++ Democratic Alliance of Croats in Vojvodina [Petar KUNTIC] ++ Democratic Party or DS [Dragan SUTANOVAC] ++ Democratic Party of Serbia or DSS [Sanda RASKOVIC-IVIC] ++ Dveri [Bosko OBRADOVIC] ++ Enough of Enough [Sasa RADULOVIC] ++ For a Just Serbia - coalition includes DS, NS, RS, DSVH, VVS, Together for Sumadija ++ Greens of Serbia or ZS [Ivan KARIC] ++ League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina or LSV [Nenad CANAK] ++ Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Cedomir JOVANOVIC] ++ Movement of Socialists or PS [Aleksandar VULIN] ++ New Serbia or NS [Velimir ILIC] ++ Party for Democratic Action or PDD [Riza HALIMI] ++ Party of Democratic Action of the Sandzak or SDA [Sulejman UGLJANIN] ++ Party of United Pensioners of Serbia or PUPS [Milan KRKOBABIC] ++ Reformist Party or RS [Aleksandar VISNJIC] ++ Serbia is Winning - coalition includes SNS, SDPS, PUPS, NS, SPO, PS, PSS, NDSS, SNP ++ Serbian People's Party or SNP [Nenad POPOVIC] ++ Serbian Progressive Party or SNS [Aleksandar VUCIC] ++ Serbian Radical Party or SRS [Vojislav SESELJ] ++ Serbian Renewal Movement or SPO [Vuk DRASKOVIC] ++ Social Democratic Party or SDS [Boris TADIC] ++ Social Democratic Party of Serbia or SDPS [Rasim LJAJIC] ++ Socialist Party of Serbia or SPS [Ivica DACIC] ++ Strength of Serbia or PSS [Bogoljub KARIC] ++ Together for Serbia or ZZS [Dusan PETROVIC] ++ Together for Sumadija [Veroljub STEVANOVIC]",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "as of April 2016, Serbia had 111 registered political parties and citizens' associations"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Political pressure groups and leaders": {
|
||||
"text": "Association of Journalists of Serbia or NUNS ++ Journalists Association of Serbia (Udruzenje novinara Srbije) or UNS ++ Obraz (Orthodox clero-fascist organization) ++ SNP 1389 (Serbian nationalist movement) ++ SNP NASI 1389 (Serbian National Movement NASI)"
|
||||
"text": "Independent Association of Journalists of Serbia or NUNS ++ Journalists Association of Serbia (Udruzenje novinara Srbije) or UNS ++ Obraz (Orthodox clero-fascist organization) ++ SNP 1389 (Serbian nationalist movement) ++ SNP NASI 1389 (Serbian National Movement NASI) ++ Eastern Alternative (pro-Russian association)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"International organization participation": {
|
||||
"text": "BIS, BSEC, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, EU (candidate country), FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -468,7 +483,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Ambassador Djerdj MATKOVIC (since 23 February 2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"chancery": {
|
||||
"text": "2134 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008"
|
||||
"text": "2233 Wisconsin Ave NW "
|
||||
},
|
||||
"telephone": {
|
||||
"text": "[1] (202) 332-0333"
|
||||
|
|
@ -482,7 +497,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Michael KIRBY (since 11 September 2012)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Kyle SCOTT (since 4 February 2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "92 Bulevar kneza Aleksandra Karadjordjevica, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia"
|
||||
|
|
@ -520,58 +535,58 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Economy": {
|
||||
"Economy - overview": {
|
||||
"text": "Serbia has a transitional economy largely dominated by market forces, but the state sector remains significant in certain areas and many institutional reforms are needed. The economy relies on manufacturing and exports, driven largely by foreign investment. MILOSEVIC-era mismanagement of the economy, an extended period of international economic sanctions, civil war, and the damage to Yugoslavia's infrastructure and industry during the NATO airstrikes in 1999 left the economy only half the size it was in 1990. After the ousting of former Federal Yugoslav President MILOSEVIC in September 2000, the Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS) coalition government implemented stabilization measures and embarked on a market reform program. After renewing its membership in the IMF in December 2000, Serbia continued to reintegrate into the international community by rejoining the World Bank (IBRD) and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). Serbia has made progress in trade liberalization and enterprise restructuring and privatization, but many large enterprises - including the power utilities, telecommunications company, natural gas company, and others - remain in state hands. Serbia has made some progress towards EU membership, signing a Stabilization and Association Agreement with Brussels in May 2008, and with full implementation of the Interim Trade Agreement with the EU in February 2010, gained candidate status in March 2012. In January 2014, Serbia's EU accession talks officially opened. Serbia's negotiations with the World Trade Organization are advanced, with the country's complete ban on the trade and cultivation of agricultural biotechnology products representing the primary remaining obstacle to accession. Serbia's program with the IMF was frozen in early 2012 because the 2012 budget approved by parliament deviated from the program parameters; the arrangement is now void. High unemployment and stagnant household incomes are ongoing political and economic problems. Structural economic reforms needed to ensure the country's long-term prosperity have largely stalled since the onset of the global financial crisis. Growing budget deficits constrain the use of stimulus efforts to revive the economy and contribute to growing concern of a public debt crisis, given that Serbia's total public debt as a share of GDP more than doubled between 2008 and 2014. Serbia's concerns about inflation and exchange-rate stability may preclude the use of expansionary monetary policy. During 2014 the SNS party addressed issues with the fiscal deficit, state-owned enterprises, the labor market, construction permits, bankruptcy and privatization, and other areas. Major challenges ahead include: high unemployment rates and the need for job creation; high government expenditures for salaries, pensions, healthcare, and unemployment benefits; a growing need for new government borrowing; rising public and private foreign debt; attracting new foreign direct investment; and getting the IMF program back on track. Other serious longer-term challenges include an inefficient judicial system, high levels of corruption, and an aging population. Factors favorable to Serbia's economic growth include its strategic location, a relatively inexpensive and skilled labor force, and free trade agreements with the EU, Russia, Turkey, and countries that are members of the Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA). In late 2014, Serbia and the IMF announced a tentative plan for a precautionary loan worth approximately $1 billion. In 2015, the government will be challenged to implement IMF-mandated reforms—which will target social spending, the large public sector, and social spending."
|
||||
"text": "Serbia has a transitional economy largely dominated by market forces, but the state sector remains significant in certain areas and many institutional reforms are needed. The economy relies on manufacturing and exports, driven largely by foreign investment. MILOSEVIC-era mismanagement of the economy, an extended period of international economic sanctions, civil war, and the damage to Yugoslavia's infrastructure and industry during the NATO airstrikes in 1999 left the economy only half the size it was in 1990. ++ ++ After former Federal Yugoslav President MILOSEVIC was ousted in September 2000, the Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS) coalition government implemented stabilization measures and embarked on a market reform program. Serbia renewed its membership in the IMF in December 2000 and rejoined the World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Serbia has made progress in trade liberalization and enterprise restructuring and privatization, but many large enterprises - including the power utilities, telecommunications company, natural gas company, and others - remain state-owned. Serbia has made some progress towards EU membership, signing a Stabilization and Association Agreement with Brussels in May 2008, and with full implementation of the Interim Trade Agreement with the EU in February 2010, gained candidate status in March 2012. In January 2014, Serbia's EU accession talks officially opened. Serbia's negotiations with the WTO are advanced, with the country's complete ban on the trade and cultivation of agricultural biotechnology products representing the primary remaining obstacle to accession. Serbia's program with the IMF was frozen in early 2012 because the 2012 budget approved by parliament deviated from the program parameters; the arrangement is now void. In late 2014, Serbia and the IMF announced a tentative plan for a precautionary loan worth approximately $1 billion, but the government will be challenged to implement IMF-mandated reforms that will target social spending and the large public sector. ++ ++ High unemployment and stagnant household incomes are ongoing political and economic problems. Structural economic reforms needed to ensure the country's long-term prosperity have largely stalled since the onset of the global financial crisis. Growing budget deficits constrain the use of stimulus efforts to revive the economy and contribute to growing concern of a public debt crisis, given that Serbia's total public debt as a share of GDP more than doubled between 2008 and 2014. Serbia's concerns about inflation and exchange-rate stability preclude the use of expansionary monetary policy. During 2014 the SNS party addressed issues with the fiscal deficit, state-owned enterprises, the labor market, construction permits, bankruptcy and privatization, and other areas. ++ ++ Major challenges ahead include: high unemployment rates and the need for job creation; high government expenditures for salaries, pensions, healthcare, and unemployment benefits; a growing need for new government borrowing; rising public and private foreign debt; attracting new foreign direct investment; and getting the IMF program back on track. Other serious longer-term challenges include an inefficient judicial system, high levels of corruption, and an aging population. Factors favorable to Serbia's economic growth include its strategic location, a relatively inexpensive and skilled labor force, and free trade agreements with the EU, Russia, Turkey, and countries that are members of the Central European Free Trade Agreement."
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
|
||||
"text": "$95.84 billion (2014 est.) ++ $97.61 billion (2013 est.) ++ $95.16 billion (2012 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "$97.7 billion (2015 est.) ++ $96.98 billion (2014 est.) ++ $98.79 billion (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
|
||||
"text": "$43.87 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$36.51 billion (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - real growth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "-1.8% (2014 est.) ++ 2.6% (2013 est.) ++ -1% (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0.7% (2015 est.) ++ -1.8% (2014 est.) ++ 2.6% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
|
||||
"text": "$13,400 (2014 est.) ++ $13,600 (2013 est.) ++ $13,300 (2012 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "$13,700 (2015 est.) ++ $13,600 (2014 est.) ++ $13,800 (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving": {
|
||||
"text": "9.6% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 11.5% of GDP (2013 est.) ++ 9.5% of GDP (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "13% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 11.5% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 11.5% of GDP (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
|
||||
"household consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "82.3%"
|
||||
"text": "81.4%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"government consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "18.2%"
|
||||
"text": "11.4%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"investment in fixed capital": {
|
||||
"text": "17.2%"
|
||||
"text": "18.1%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"investment in inventories": {
|
||||
"text": "-7.7%"
|
||||
"text": "-1.1%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"exports of goods and services": {
|
||||
"text": "44.3%"
|
||||
"text": "47.7%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"imports of goods and services": {
|
||||
"text": "-54.3% ++ (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-57.4% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
"text": "10.3%"
|
||||
"text": "9.5%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"industry": {
|
||||
"text": "39.3%"
|
||||
"text": "41.9%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"services": {
|
||||
"text": "50.4% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "48.6% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Agriculture - products": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -581,10 +596,10 @@
|
|||
"text": "automobiles, base metals, furniture, food processing, machinery, chemicals, sugar, tires, clothes, pharmaceuticals"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Industrial production growth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "-7% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "4.7% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force": {
|
||||
"text": "2.89 million (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "2.9 million (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force - by occupation": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -598,7 +613,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Unemployment rate": {
|
||||
"text": "19.7% (2014 est.) ++ 20.1% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "19.3% (2015 est.) ++ 19.7% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Population below poverty line": {
|
||||
"text": "9.2% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -608,83 +623,91 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$17.56 billion"
|
||||
"text": "$15.58 billion"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "$20.47 billion"
|
||||
"text": "$16.95 billion"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "this is the consolidated budget, including both central government and local goverment budgets (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "this is the consolidated budget, including both central government and local goverment budgets (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "40% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "42.7% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
|
||||
"text": "-6.7% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-3.8% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Public debt": {
|
||||
"text": "70% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 63.8% of GDP (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "77% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 70.4% of GDP (2014 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued or owned by government entities other than the treasury (for which the Government of Singapore issued guarantees); the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities (for which the GOS also issued guarantees), as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
|
||||
"text": "2.1% (2014 est.) ++ 7.7% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "1.4% (2015 est.) ++ 2.1% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Central bank discount rate": {
|
||||
"text": "9.5% (18 March 2014) ++ 11.75% (6 February 2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Commercial bank prime lending rate": {
|
||||
"text": "13.04% (31 December 2014 est.) ++ 12.35% (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "11% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 14.81% (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of narrow money": {
|
||||
"text": "$4.332 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $4.671 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$4.535 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.332 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of broad money": {
|
||||
"text": "$18.75 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $20.65 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$18.37 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $18.75 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of domestic credit": {
|
||||
"text": "$21.23 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $25.78 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$19.81 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $20.59 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Market value of publicly traded shares": {
|
||||
"text": "$7.696 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $8.1 billion (31 December 2013) ++ $7.451 billion (31 December 2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$7.696 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $8.1 billion (31 December 2013 est.) ++ $7.451 billion (31 December 2012 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Current account balance": {
|
||||
"text": "-$2.632 billion (2014 est.) ++ -$2.778 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-$1.751 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$2.632 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports": {
|
||||
"text": "$14.84 billion (2014 est.) ++ $14.61 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$12.6 billion (2015 est.) ++ $14.14 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "iron and steel, rubber, clothes, wheat, fruit and vegetables, nonferrous metals, electric appliances, metal products, weapons and ammunition, automobiles"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "Italy 17.4%, Germany 12%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 8.8%, Russia 7%, Romania 5.6%, Macedonia, The Former Yugo Rep of 4% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "Italy 16.2%, Germany 12.6%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 8.7%, Romania 5.6%, Russia 5.4% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports": {
|
||||
"text": "$19.56 billion (2014 est.) ++ $19.53 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$17.03 billion (2015 est.) ++ $19.58 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "machinery and transport equipment, fuels and lubricants, manufactured goods, chemicals, food and live animals, raw materials"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "Germany 12%, Russia 11.3%, Italy 11.3%, China 7.6%, Hungary 5%, Poland 4.8% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "Germany 12.4%, Italy 10.6%, Russia 9.6%, China 8.5%, Hungary 4.8%, Poland 4.2% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
|
||||
"text": "$12.05 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $15.43 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$11.35 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $12.05 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Debt - external": {
|
||||
"text": "$36.09 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $36.4 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$32.44 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $33.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": {
|
||||
"text": "$29.41 billion (31 December 2009 est.) ++ $11.95 billion (2006 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$36.67 billion (31 December 2009 est.) ++ $11.95 billion (2006 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": {
|
||||
"text": "$NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exchange rates": {
|
||||
"text": "Serbian dinars (RSD) per US dollar - ++ 88.405 (2014 est.) ++ 88.405 (2013 est.) ++ 87.99 (2012 est.) ++ 72.455 (2011 est.) ++ 77.729 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "Serbian dinars (RSD) per US dollar - ++ 108.811 (2015 est.) ++ 88.405 (2014 est.) ++ 88.405 (2013 est.) ++ 87.99 (2012 est.) ++ 72.455 (2011 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Energy": {
|
||||
"Electricity access": {
|
||||
"electrification - total population": {
|
||||
"text": "100% (2016)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - production": {
|
||||
"text": "34.4 billion kWh (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -758,18 +781,18 @@
|
|||
"Communications": {
|
||||
"Telephones - fixed lines": {
|
||||
"total subscriptions": {
|
||||
"text": "2.86 million"
|
||||
"text": "2,770,462"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "40 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "39 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephones - mobile cellular": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "9.3 million"
|
||||
"text": "9.156 million"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "130 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "128 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephone system": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -783,25 +806,36 @@
|
|||
"text": "country code - 381 (2011)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Radio broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "308 (station frequency types NA) (2009)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Television broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "138 (2009)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet country code": {
|
||||
"text": ".rs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "3.6 million"
|
||||
"text": "4.688 million"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "49.7% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "65.3% (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transportation": {
|
||||
"National air transport system": {
|
||||
"number of registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "21"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "2,424,886"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual freight traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "2.748 million mt-km (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
|
||||
"text": "YU (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports": {
|
||||
"text": "26 (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -833,7 +867,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "10"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": " ++ 5 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "5 (2013)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -867,49 +901,33 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military": {
|
||||
"Military and Security": {
|
||||
"Military branches": {
|
||||
"text": "Serbian Armed Forces (Vojska Srbije, VS): Land Forces Command (includes Riverine Component, consisting of a river flotilla on the Danube), Air and Air Defense Forces Command (2012)"
|
||||
"text": "Serbian Armed Forces (Vojska Srbije, VS): Land Forces (includes Riverine Component, consisting of a river flotilla on the Danube), Air and Air Defense Forces (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished December 2010; reserve obligation to age 60 for men and age 50 for women (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower fit for military service": {
|
||||
"males age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "1,395,426"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"females age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "1,356,415 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually": {
|
||||
"male": {
|
||||
"text": "43,945"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"female": {
|
||||
"text": "41,080 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "1.44% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 1.49% of GDP (2014) ++ 1.48% of GDP (2013) ++ 1.77% of GDP (2012)"
|
||||
"text": "1.37% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 1.41% of GDP (2015) ++ 1.49% of GDP (2014) ++ 1.48% of GDP (2013) ++ 1.77% of GDP (2012)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
"Disputes - international": {
|
||||
"text": "Serbia with several other states protest the US and other states' recognition of Kosovo's declaration of its status as a sovereign and independent state in February 2008; ethnic Serbian municipalities along Kosovo's northern border challenge final status of Kosovo-Serbia boundary; several thousand NATO-led Kosovo Force peacekeepers under United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo authority continue to keep the peace within Kosovo between the ethnic Albanian majority and the Serb minority in Kosovo; Serbia delimited about half of the boundary with Bosnia and Herzegovina, but sections along the Drina River remain in dispute"
|
||||
"text": "Serbia with several other states protest the US and other states' recognition of Kosovo's declaration of its status as a sovereign and independent state in February 2008; ethnic Serbian municipalities along Kosovo's northern border challenge final status of Kosovo-Serbia boundary; several thousand NATO-led Kosovo Force peacekeepers under UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo authority continue to keep the peace within Kosovo between the ethnic Albanian majority and the Serb minority in Kosovo; Serbia delimited about half of the boundary with Bosnia and Herzegovina, but sections along the Drina River remain in dispute"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "32,408 (Croatia); 11,325 (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "25,996 (Croatia); 9,288 (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"IDPs": {
|
||||
"text": "97,000 (most are Kosovar Serbs, some are Roma, Ashkalis, and Egyptian (RAE); some RAE IDPs are unregistered) (2015)"
|
||||
"text": "220,002 (most are Kosovar Serbs, some are Roma, Ashkalis, and Egyptian (RAE); some RAE IDPs are unregistered) (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "3,578 (includes stateless persons in Kosovo) (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "2,700 (includes stateless persons in Kosovo) (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "404,022 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (October 2015)"
|
||||
"text": "670,302 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (2015 - October 2016)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Illicit drugs": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue