mirror of
https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json.git
synced 2026-06-22 19:28:07 +02:00
nov/5 up
This commit is contained in:
Gerald Bauer
parent
780ac9e05b
commit
ca94e2fef5
261 changed files with 32420 additions and 31899 deletions
315
europe/pl.json
315
europe/pl.json
|
|
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
|
|||
{
|
||||
"Introduction": {
|
||||
"Background": {
|
||||
"text": "Poland's history as a state began near the middle of the 10th century. By the mid-16th century, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ruled a vast tract of land in central and eastern Europe. During the 18th century, internal disorders weakened the nation, and in a series of agreements between 1772 and 1795, Russia, Prussia, and Austria partitioned Poland among themselves. Poland regained its independence in 1918 only to be overrun by Germany and the Soviet Union in World War II. It became a Soviet satellite state following the war, but its government was comparatively tolerant and progressive. Labor turmoil in 1980 led to the formation of the independent trade union \"Solidarity\" that over time became a political force with over 10 million members. Free elections in 1989 and 1990 won Solidarity control of the parliament and the presidency, bringing the communist era to a close. A \"shock therapy\" program during the early 1990s enabled the country to transform its economy into one of the most robust in Central Europe. Poland joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004. With its transformation to a democratic, market-oriented country largely completed and with large investments in defense, energy, and other infrastructure, Poland is an increasingly active member of Euro-Atlantic organizations."
|
||||
"text": "Poland's history as a state began near the middle of the 10th century. By the mid-16th century, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ruled a vast tract of land in Central and Eastern Europe. During the 18th century, internal disorders weakened the nation, and in a series of agreements between 1772 and 1795, Russia, Prussia, and Austria partitioned Poland among themselves. Poland regained its independence in 1918 only to be overrun by Germany and the Soviet Union in World War II. It became a Soviet satellite state following the war, but its government was comparatively tolerant and progressive. Labor turmoil in 1980 led to the formation of the independent trade union \"Solidarity\" that over time became a political force with over 10 million members. Free elections in 1989 and 1990 won Solidarity control of the parliament and the presidency, bringing the communist era to a close. A \"shock therapy\" program during the early 1990s enabled the country to transform its economy into one of the most robust in Central Europe. Poland joined NATO in 1999 and the EU in 2004. With its transformation to a democratic, market-oriented country largely completed and with large investments in defense, energy, and other infrastructure, Poland is an increasingly active member of Euro-Atlantic organizations."
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Geography": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -26,10 +26,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Area - comparative": {
|
||||
"text": "about twice the size of Georgia; slightly smaller than New Mexico",
|
||||
"Area comparison map": {
|
||||
"text": null
|
||||
}
|
||||
"text": "about twice the size of Georgia; slightly smaller than New Mexico"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Land boundaries": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -56,12 +53,12 @@
|
|||
"Terrain": {
|
||||
"text": "mostly flat plain; mountains along southern border"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Elevation extremes": {
|
||||
"lowest point": {
|
||||
"text": "near Raczki Elblaskie -2 m"
|
||||
"Elevation": {
|
||||
"mean elevation": {
|
||||
"text": "173 m"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"highest point": {
|
||||
"text": "Rysy 2,499 m"
|
||||
"elevation extremes": {
|
||||
"text": "lowest point: near Raczki Elblaskie -2 m ++ highest point: Rysy 2,499 m"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Natural resources": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -79,18 +76,10 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Irrigated land": {
|
||||
"text": "1,157 sq km (2007)"
|
||||
"text": "970 sq km (2012)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||||
"text": "61.6 cu km (2011)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "11.96 cu km/yr (31%/60%/10%)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"per capita": {
|
||||
"text": "312.3 cu m/yr (2009)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"Population - distribution": {
|
||||
"text": "population concentrated in the southern (Krakow) and central (Warsaw, Lodz) areas, with an extension to the northern coastal city of Gdansk"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Natural hazards": {
|
||||
"text": "flooding"
|
||||
|
|
@ -111,6 +100,9 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"People and Society": {
|
||||
"Population": {
|
||||
"text": "38,523,261 (July 2016 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Nationality": {
|
||||
"noun": {
|
||||
"text": "Pole(s)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -134,27 +126,21 @@
|
|||
"Religions": {
|
||||
"text": "Catholic 87.2% (includes Roman Catholic 86.9% and Greek Catholic, Armenian Catholic, and Byzantine-Slavic Catholic .3%), Orthodox 1.3% (almost all are Polish Autocephalous Orthodox), Protestant 0.4% (mainly Augsburg Evangelical and Pentacostal), other 0.4% (includes Jehovah's Witness, Buddhist, Hare Krishna, Gaudiya Vaishnavism, Muslim, Jewish, Mormon), unspecified 10.8% (2012 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Population": {
|
||||
"text": "38,562,189 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Age structure": {
|
||||
"0-14 years": {
|
||||
"text": "14.7% (male 2,915,674/female 2,753,218)"
|
||||
"text": "14.72% (male 2,915,840/female 2,754,098)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"15-24 years": {
|
||||
"text": "11.52% (male 2,279,404/female 2,163,621)"
|
||||
"text": "11.11% (male 2,195,587/female 2,082,634)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"25-54 years": {
|
||||
"text": "43.56% (male 8,471,593/female 8,326,656)"
|
||||
"text": "43.5% (male 8,456,789/female 8,301,167)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"55-64 years": {
|
||||
"text": "14.54% (male 2,645,228/female 2,962,305)"
|
||||
"text": "14.42% (male 2,623,838/female 2,931,215)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"65 years and over": {
|
||||
"text": "15.67% (male 2,362,421/female 3,682,069) (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"population pyramid": {
|
||||
"text": null
|
||||
"text": "16.26% (male 2,460,648/female 3,801,445) (2016 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Dependency ratios": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -173,26 +159,29 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Median age": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "39.9 years"
|
||||
"text": "40.3 years"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"male": {
|
||||
"text": "38.2 years"
|
||||
"text": "38.6 years"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"female": {
|
||||
"text": "41.6 years (2015 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "42 years (2016 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Population growth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "-0.09% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-0.11% (2016 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Birth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "9.74 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "9.6 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Death rate": {
|
||||
"text": "10.19 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "10.3 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Net migration rate": {
|
||||
"text": "-0.46 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Population distribution": {
|
||||
"text": "population concentrated in the southern (Krakow) and central (Warsaw, Lodz) areas, with an extension to the northern coastal city of Gdansk"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Urbanization": {
|
||||
"urban population": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -219,15 +208,18 @@
|
|||
"text": "1.02 male(s)/female"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"55-64 years": {
|
||||
"text": "0.89 male(s)/female"
|
||||
"text": "0.9 male(s)/female"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"65 years and over": {
|
||||
"text": "0.64 male(s)/female"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"total population": {
|
||||
"text": "0.94 male(s)/female (2015 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0.94 male(s)/female (2016 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
|
||||
"text": "27.2 (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Maternal mortality rate": {
|
||||
"text": "3 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -236,28 +228,28 @@
|
|||
"text": "4.5 deaths/1,000 live births"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"male": {
|
||||
"text": "4.89 deaths/1,000 live births"
|
||||
"text": "4.8 deaths/1,000 live births"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"female": {
|
||||
"text": "4.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "4 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Life expectancy at birth": {
|
||||
"total population": {
|
||||
"text": "77.4 years"
|
||||
"text": "77.6 years"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"male": {
|
||||
"text": "73.53 years"
|
||||
"text": "73.7 years"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"female": {
|
||||
"text": "81.5 years (2015 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "81.7 years (2016 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Total fertility rate": {
|
||||
"text": "1.33 children born/woman (2015 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "1.34 children born/woman (2016 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Health expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "6.7% of GDP (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "6.4% of GDP (2014)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Physicians density": {
|
||||
"text": "2.22 physicians/1,000 population (2012)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -295,17 +287,14 @@
|
|||
"text": "intermediate"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"vectorborne diseases": {
|
||||
"text": "tickborne encephalitis"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "tickborne encephalitis (2016)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "27% (2014)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Education expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "4.9% of GDP (2011)"
|
||||
"text": "4.8% of GDP (2012)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Literacy": {
|
||||
"definition": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -323,24 +312,24 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "15 years"
|
||||
"text": "16 years"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"male": {
|
||||
"text": "15 years"
|
||||
"text": "16 years"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"female": {
|
||||
"text": "16 years (2012)"
|
||||
"text": "17 years (2013)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "26.5%"
|
||||
"text": "23.9%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"male": {
|
||||
"text": "24.1%"
|
||||
"text": "22.7%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"female": {
|
||||
"text": "30% (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "25.5% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -357,10 +346,13 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"local short form": {
|
||||
"text": "Polska"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"etymology": {
|
||||
"text": "name derives from the Polanians, a west Slavic tribe that united several surrounding Slavic groups (9th-10th centuries A.D.) and who passed on their name to the country; the name of the tribe likely comes from the Slavic \"pole\" (field or plain), indicating the flat nature of their country"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government type": {
|
||||
"text": "republic"
|
||||
"text": "parliamentary republic"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Capital": {
|
||||
"name": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -386,23 +378,26 @@
|
|||
"text": "Constitution Day, 3 May (1791)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Constitution": {
|
||||
"text": "several previous; latest adopted 2 April 1997, approved by referendum 25 May 1997, effective 17 October 1997; amended 2006, 2009 (2015)"
|
||||
"text": "several previous; latest adopted 2 April 1997, approved by referendum 25 May 1997, effective 17 October 1997; amended 2006, 2009, 2015 (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Legal system": {
|
||||
"text": "civil law system; changes gradually being introduced as part of broader democratization process; limited judicial review of legislative acts, but rulings of the Constitutional Tribunal are final"
|
||||
"text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative, administrative, and other governmental acts; constitutional law rulings of the Constitutional Tribunal are final"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"International law organization participation": {
|
||||
"text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Citizenship": {
|
||||
"birthright citizenship": {
|
||||
"text": ""
|
||||
"citizenship by birth": {
|
||||
"text": "no"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"citizenship by descent only": {
|
||||
"text": "both parents must be citizens of Poland"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"dual citizenship recognized": {
|
||||
"text": "no"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"residency requirement for naturalization": {
|
||||
"text": ""
|
||||
"text": "5 years"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Suffrage": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -413,13 +408,13 @@
|
|||
"text": "President Andrzej DUDA (since 6 August 2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"head of government": {
|
||||
"text": "Prime Minister Beata SZYDLO (since 13 November 2015); Deputy Prime Ministers Janusz PIECHOCINSKI (since 6 December 2012) and Tomasz SIEMONIAK (since 22 September 2014)"
|
||||
"text": "Prime Minister Beata SZYDLO (since 16 November 2015); Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Culture and National Heritage Piotr GLINSKI (since 16 November 2015), Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Science and Higher Education Jaroslaw GOWIN (since 16 November 2015), and Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Development Mateusz MORAWIECKI (since 16 November 2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"cabinet": {
|
||||
"text": "Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president, and approved by the Sejm"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"elections/appointments": {
|
||||
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 10 and 24 May 2015 (next to be held in 2020); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm"
|
||||
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 10 and 24 May 2015 (next to be held in 2020); prime minister, deputy prime ministers, and Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"election results": {
|
||||
"text": "Andrzej DUDA elected president; percent of vote in runoff - Andrzej DUDA 51.5%, Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (independent) 48.5%"
|
||||
|
|
@ -436,7 +431,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Senate - last held on 25 October 2015 (next to be held in October 2019); Sejm - last held on 25 October 2015 (next to be held in October 2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"election results": {
|
||||
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PiS 61, PO 34, PSL 1, independents 4; seats by party as of 26 February 2015 - PO 63, PiS 31, PSL 2, independent 4; Sejm - percent of vote by party - PiS 37.6%, PO 24.1%, K15 8.8%, .N 7.6%, ZL 7.5%, PSL 5.1% other 9.3%; seats by party - PiS 235, PO 138, K15 42, .N 28, ZL 0, PSL 16, German minority 1"
|
||||
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PiS 62, PO 33, PSL 1, independents 4; Sejm - percent of vote by party - PiS 37.6%, PO 24.1%, K15 8.8%, N 7.6%, PSL 5.1% other 16.8%; seats by party - PiS 234, PO 138, K15 40, N 29, PSL 16, independent 2, German minority 1"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Judicial branch": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -451,7 +446,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Political parties and leaders": {
|
||||
"text": "A Just Poland (union of PR and SP) [Jaroslaw GOWIN] ++ Civic Platform or PO [Ewa KOPACZ,chairperson; Rafal GRUPINSKI, parliamentary caucus leader] ++ Democratic Left Alliance or SLD [Leszek MILLER, chairman, parliamentary caucus leader] ++ German Minority of Lower Silesia or MNSO [Ryszard GALLA, representative] ++ Kukiz 15 [Pawel KUKIZ] ++ Law and Justice or PiS [Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI, chairman; Mariusz BLASZCZAK, parliamentary caucus leader] ++ .Modern or .N [Ryszard PETRU] ++ New Right Congress or KNP [Michal MARUSIK, chairman] ++ Poland Together or PR [Jaroslaw GOWIN, chairman] ++ Polish People's Party or PSL [Janusz PIECHOCINSKI, chairman; Jan BURY, parliamentary caucus leader] ++ Social Democratic Party of Poland or SDPL [Wojciech FILEMONOWICZ, chairman] ++ United Left alliance or ZL [Barbara NOWACKA] ++ United Poland or SP [Zbigniew ZIOBRO, chairperson] ++ Your Movement or TR [Janusz PALIKOT, chairman, parliamentary caucus leader]"
|
||||
"text": "Civic Platform or PO [Grzegorz SCHETYNA, chairperson; Slawomir NEUMANN, parliamentary caucus leader] ++ Congress of the New Right or KNP [Michal MARUSIK, chairman] ++ Democratic Left Alliance or SLD [Wlodzimierz CZARZASTY, chairman] ++ German Minority of Lower Silesia or MNSO [Ryszard GALLA, representative] ++ Kukiz 15 [Pawel KUKIZ; chairman, parliamentary caucus leader] ++ Law and Justice or PiS [Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI, chairman; Ryszard TERLECKI, parliamentary caucus leader] ++ Nowoczesna (\"Modern\") or N [Ryszard PETRU; chairman, parliamentary caucus leader] ++ Polish People's Party or PSL [Wladyslaw KOSINIAK-KAMYSZ; chairman, parliamentary caucus leader] ++ Razem (Together) [no party chair, led by nine-member management board]"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Political pressure groups and leaders": {
|
||||
"text": "All Poland Trade Union Alliance or OPZZ [Jan GUZ] (trade union) ++ Independent Self-Governing Trade Union \"Solidarity\" [Piotr DUDA] ++ Roman Catholic Church [Archbishop Wojciech POLAK, Archbishop Stanislaw GADECKI]"
|
||||
|
|
@ -478,7 +473,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Stephen MULL (since 24 October 2012)"
|
||||
"text": "Ambassador Paul JONES (since 7 October 2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"embassy": {
|
||||
"text": "Aleje Ujazdowskie 29/31 00-540 Warsaw"
|
||||
|
|
@ -519,58 +514,58 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Economy": {
|
||||
"Economy - overview": {
|
||||
"text": "Poland has pursued a policy of economic liberalization since 1990 and Poland's economy was the only one in the EU to avoid a recession through the 2008-09 economic downturn. Although EU membership and access to EU structural funds have provided a major boost to the economy since 2004, GDP per capita remains significantly below the EU average. The unemployment rate is now below the EU average. The government of Prime Minister Donald TUSK steered the Polish economy through the economic downturn by skillfully managing public finances and adopting controversial pension and tax reforms to further shore up public finances. While the Polish economy has performed well over the past five years, growth slowed in 2013 and picked back up in 2014. Short-term, the key policy challenge will be to consolidate debt and spending without stifling economic growth. Over the longer term, Poland's economic performance could improve if the country addresses some of the remaining deficiencies in its road and rail infrastructure, business environment, rigid labor code, commercial court system, government red tape, and burdensome tax system, especially for entrepreneurs. Poland’s long-term challenges include diversifying Poland’s energy mix and sources of supply, as well as stemming the outflow of educated young Poles to other EU Member States, especially in light of a coming demographic contraction as the Solidarity-era baby boom generation ages."
|
||||
"text": "Poland has pursued a policy of economic liberalization since 1990 and Poland's economy was the only EU country to avoid a recession through the 2008-09 economic downturn. Although EU membership and access to EU structural funds have provided a major boost to the economy since 2004, GDP per capita remains significantly below the EU average and the unemployment rate is now below the EU average. ++ ++ The government of Prime Minister Donald TUSK steered the Polish economy through the economic downturn by skillfully managing public finances and adopting controversial pension and tax reforms to further shore up public finances. While the Polish economy has performed well over the past five years, growth slowed in 2013 and picked back up in 2014-15. Poland’s new center-right Law and Justice government plans to introduce expansionary economic policies to spur long-term growth, but social spending programs are expected to lead to increased deficit spending over the medium term. ++ ++ Poland faces several challenges, which include addressing some of the remaining deficiencies in its road and rail infrastructure, business environment, rigid labor code, commercial court system, government red tape, and burdensome tax system, especially for entrepreneurs. Additional long-term challenges include diversifying Poland’s energy mix and sources of supply, strengthening investments in innovation, research, and development, and as well as stemming the outflow of educated young Poles to other EU member states, especially in light of a coming demographic contraction due to emigration, persistently low fertility rates, and the aging of the Solidarity-era baby boom generation."
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
|
||||
"text": "$959.8 billion (2014 est.) ++ $927.9 billion (2013 est.) ++ $912.1 billion (2012 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "$1.007 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $971.6 billion (2014 est.) ++ $940.8 billion (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
|
||||
"text": "$547.9 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$474.8 billion (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - real growth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "3.4% (2014 est.) ++ 1.7% (2013 est.) ++ 1.8% (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "3.7% (2015 est.) ++ 3.3% (2014 est.) ++ 1.3% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
|
||||
"text": "$25,200 (2014 est.) ++ $24,400 (2013 est.) ++ $24,000 (2012 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "$26,500 (2015 est.) ++ $25,600 (2014 est.) ++ $24,700 (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving": {
|
||||
"text": "18.9% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 17.8% of GDP (2013 est.) ++ 17.2% of GDP (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "20.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 18.3% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 17.7% of GDP (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
|
||||
"household consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "60.1%"
|
||||
"text": "58.7%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"government consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "18.2%"
|
||||
"text": "18%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"investment in fixed capital": {
|
||||
"text": "19.5%"
|
||||
"text": "20.1%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"investment in inventories": {
|
||||
"text": "0.7%"
|
||||
"text": "0.4%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"exports of goods and services": {
|
||||
"text": "46.9%"
|
||||
"text": "49.4%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"imports of goods and services": {
|
||||
"text": "-45.4% ++ (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-46.6% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
"text": "3.4%"
|
||||
"text": "3.3%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"industry": {
|
||||
"text": "40.1%"
|
||||
"text": "41.1%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"services": {
|
||||
"text": "56.5% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "55.6% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Agriculture - products": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -580,55 +575,55 @@
|
|||
"text": "machine building, iron and steel, coal mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing, glass, beverages, textiles"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Industrial production growth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "4.2% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "5.4% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force": {
|
||||
"text": "18.26 million (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "17.76 million (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force - by occupation": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
"text": "12.9%"
|
||||
"text": "12.6%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"industry": {
|
||||
"text": "30.2%"
|
||||
"text": "30.4%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"services": {
|
||||
"text": "57% (2010)"
|
||||
"text": "57% (2012)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Unemployment rate": {
|
||||
"text": "12.3% (2014 est.) ++ 13.5% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "10.5% (2015 est.) ++ 12.3% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Population below poverty line": {
|
||||
"text": "10.6% (2008 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "17.3% (2012 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
|
||||
"lowest 10%": {
|
||||
"text": "3.3%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"highest 10%": {
|
||||
"text": "27.1% (2009 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "25.6% (2012 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Distribution of family income - Gini index": {
|
||||
"text": "34.1 (2009) ++ 31.6 (1998)"
|
||||
"text": "32.4 (2012) ++ 33.7 (2008)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$89.91 billion"
|
||||
"text": "$76.65 billion"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "$99.09 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$87.95 billion (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "16.4% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "16.1% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
|
||||
"text": "-1.7% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-2.4% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Public debt": {
|
||||
"text": "43.7% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 48.9% of GDP (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "45% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 43.9% of GDP (2014 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, the data include subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -637,64 +632,69 @@
|
|||
"text": "calendar year"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
|
||||
"text": "0% (2014 est.) ++ 0.9% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-0.9% (2015 est.) ++ 0% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Central bank discount rate": {
|
||||
"text": "4.25% (31 December 2012) ++ 4% (31 December 2010)"
|
||||
"text": "2.5% (31 December 2014) ++ 1.5% (31 December 2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Commercial bank prime lending rate": {
|
||||
"text": "6.18% (31 December 2014 est.) ++ 7.07% (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "4.92% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 6.25% (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of narrow money": {
|
||||
"text": "$172.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $184.5 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$177.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $172.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of broad money": {
|
||||
"text": "$306.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $318.8 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of domestic credit": {
|
||||
"text": "$348 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $369.8 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$337.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $348 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Market value of publicly traded shares": {
|
||||
"text": "$177.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $138.2 billion (31 December 2011) ++ $190.2 billion (31 December 2010 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$137.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $168.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $204.5 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Current account balance": {
|
||||
"text": "-$6.915 billion (2014 est.) ++ -$6.856 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-$1.117 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$11.13 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports": {
|
||||
"text": "$210.7 billion (2014 est.) ++ $198.1 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$190.8 billion (2015 est.) ++ $210.7 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "machinery and transport equipment 37.8%, intermediate manufactured goods 23.7%, miscellaneous manufactured goods 17.1%, food and live animals 7.6% (2012 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "Germany 27.1%, UK 6.6%, Czech Republic 6.6%, France 5.8%, Italy 4.7%, Netherlands 4.3%, Russia 4.2% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "Germany 27.1%, UK 6.8%, Czech Republic 6.6%, France 5.5%, Italy 4.8%, Netherlands 4.4% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports": {
|
||||
"text": "$215 billion (2014 est.) ++ $198.5 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$188.4 billion (2015 est.) ++ $215 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "machinery and transport equipment 38%, intermediate manufactured goods 21%, chemicals 15%, minerals, fuels, lubricants, and related materials 9% (2011 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "Germany 28%, Russia 9.1%, China 6.5%, Netherlands 5.9%, Italy 5.5%, France 4.2%, Czech Republic 4.2% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "Germany 27.6%, China 7.5%, Russia 7.2%, Netherlands 5.9%, Italy 5.2%, France 4.1% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
|
||||
"text": "$100.4 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $106.2 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$94.91 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $100.4 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Debt - external": {
|
||||
"text": "$358.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $359.4 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$332.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $338.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": {
|
||||
"text": "$280.3 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $270.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$221.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $249.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": {
|
||||
"text": "$70.69 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $69.89 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$62.12 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $65.85 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exchange rates": {
|
||||
"text": "zlotych (PLN) per US dollar - ++ 3.1538 (2014 est.) ++ 3.1538 (2013 est.) ++ 3.26 (2012 est.) ++ 2.9639 (2011 est.) ++ 3.0153 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "zlotych (PLN) per US dollar - ++ 3.7721 (2015 est.) ++ 3.1538 (2014 est.) ++ 3.1538 (2013 est.) ++ 3.26 (2012 est.) ++ 2.9639 (2011 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Energy": {
|
||||
"Electricity access": {
|
||||
"electrification - total population": {
|
||||
"text": "100% (2016)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - production": {
|
||||
"text": "152.7 billion kWh (2012 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -711,16 +711,16 @@
|
|||
"text": "35.22 million kW (2012 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - from fossil fuels": {
|
||||
"text": "84.6% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "89.5% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - from nuclear fuels": {
|
||||
"text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - from hydroelectric plants": {
|
||||
"text": "1.6% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "1.5% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - from other renewable sources": {
|
||||
"text": "8.8% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "8.5% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Crude oil - production": {
|
||||
"text": "19,260 bbl/day (2014 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -768,18 +768,18 @@
|
|||
"Communications": {
|
||||
"Telephones - fixed lines": {
|
||||
"total subscriptions": {
|
||||
"text": "5.04 million"
|
||||
"text": "4.245 million"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "13 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "11 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephones - mobile cellular": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "59.8 million"
|
||||
"text": "56.838 million"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "155 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "147 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephone system": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -787,34 +787,45 @@
|
|||
"text": "modernization of the telecommunications network has accelerated with market-based competition; fixed-line service, dominated by the former state-owned company, is dwarfed by the growth in mobile-cellular services"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"domestic": {
|
||||
"text": "mobile-cellular service available since 1993 and provided by four nation-wide networks; coverage is generally good with some gaps in the east; fixed-line service lags in rural areas"
|
||||
"text": "several nation-wide networks provide mobile-cellular service; coverage is generally good; fixed-line service lags in rural areas"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"international": {
|
||||
"text": "country code - 48; international direct dialing with automated exchanges; satellite earth station - 1 with access to Intelsat, Eutelsat, Inmarsat, and Intersputnik (2011)"
|
||||
"text": "country code - 48; international direct dialing with automated exchanges; satellite earth station - 1 with access to Intelsat, Eutelsat, Inmarsat, and Intersputnik (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Broadcast media": {
|
||||
"text": "state-run public TV operates 2 national channels supplemented by 16 regional channels and several niche channels; privately owned entities operate several national TV networks and a number of special interest channels; many privately owned channels broadcasting locally; roughly half of all households are linked to either satellite or cable TV systems providing access to foreign television networks; state-run public radio operates 5 national networks and 17 regional radio stations; 2 privately owned national radio networks, several commercial stations broadcasting to multiple cities, and many privately owned local radio stations (2007)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Radio broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "AM 14, FM 63, shortwave 2 (2008)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Television broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "75 (2008)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet country code": {
|
||||
"text": ".pl"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "25.9 million"
|
||||
"text": "26.221 million"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "67.2% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "68% (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transportation": {
|
||||
"National air transport system": {
|
||||
"number of registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "6"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "92"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "4,841,128"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual freight traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "120,016,466 mt-km (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
|
||||
"text": "SP (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports": {
|
||||
"text": "126 (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -849,7 +860,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "17"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": " ++ 21 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "21 (2013)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -906,39 +917,15 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military": {
|
||||
"Military and Security": {
|
||||
"Military branches": {
|
||||
"text": "Polish Armed Forces: Land Forces, Navy, Air and Air Defense Aviation Forces, Special Forces (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18-28 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; conscription phased out in 2009-12; service obligation shortened from 12 to 9 months in 2005; women only allowed to serve as officers and noncommissioned officers (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower available for military service": {
|
||||
"males age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "9,531,855"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"females age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "9,298,593 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower fit for military service": {
|
||||
"males age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "7,817,556"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"females age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "7,766,361 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually": {
|
||||
"male": {
|
||||
"text": "221,889"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"female": {
|
||||
"text": "211,172 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "1.95% of GDP (2014) ++ 1.95% of GDP (2013) ++ 1.91% of GDP (2012) ++ 1.83% of GDP (2011) ++ 1.91% of GDP (2010)"
|
||||
"text": "2% of GDP (2016) ++ 2.27% of GDP (2015) ++ 1.95% of GDP (2014) ++ 1.95% of GDP (2013) ++ 1.91% of GDP (2012) ++ 1.83% of GDP (2011)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -947,10 +934,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "14,277 (Russia) (2014); 71,302 applicants for forms of legal stay other than asylum (Ukraine) (2015)"
|
||||
"text": "12,304 (Russia) (2015); 71,302 applicants for forms of legal stay other than asylum (Ukraine) (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "10,825 (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "10,825 (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Illicit drugs": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue