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Gerald Bauer
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342
europe/md.json
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europe/md.json
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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{
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"Introduction": {
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"Background": {
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"text": "Part of Romania during the interwar period, Moldova was incorporated into the Soviet Union at the close of World War II. Although the country has been independent from the USSR since 1991, Russian forces have remained on Moldovan territory east of the Nistru River supporting the separatist region of Transnistria, composed of a Slavic majority population (mostly Ukrainians and Russians), but with a sizable ethnic Moldovan minority. Europe's poorest economy, Moldova became the first former Soviet state to elect a communist, Vladimir VORONIN, as its president in 2001. VORONIN served as Moldova's president until he resigned in September 2009. Four Moldovan opposition parties then formed a new coalition, the Alliance for European Integration (AEI), iterations of which acted as Moldova's governing coalitions over the next several years. In May 2013, two of the original AEI parties and a splinter group from a third re-formed a ruling coalition called the Pro-European Coalition. The Moldovan Government in summer 2014 signed and ratified an Association Agreement with the EU, advancing the Coalition's policy priority of EU integration. Following the country's most recent legislative election in November 2014, the three pro-European parties that entered Parliament won a total of 55 of the body's 101 seats, enough for a majority coalition. After negotiations among the three broke down, however, two of the parties - the Liberal Democratic Party (PLDM) and the Democratic Party (PD) - agreed to form the Alliance for a European Moldova (AEM) and a minority government with their combined 42 seats. In February 2015, the PLDM and the PD secured Communist Party of the Republic of Moldova support to win parliamentary approval with 60 votes for their minority government."
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"text": "Part of Romania during the interwar period, Moldova was incorporated into the Soviet Union at the close of World War II. Although the country has been independent from the USSR since 1991, Russian forces have remained on Moldovan territory east of the Nistru River supporting the breakaway region of Transnistria, composed of a Slavic majority population (mostly Ukrainians and Russians), but with a sizable ethnic Moldovan minority. Europe's poorest economy, Moldova became the first former Soviet state to elect a communist, Vladimir VORONIN, as its president in 2001. VORONIN served as Moldova's president until he resigned in September 2009. Four Moldovan opposition parties then formed a new coalition, the Alliance for European Integration (AEI), iterations of which acted as Moldova's governing coalitions over the next several years. In May 2013, two of the original AEI parties and a splinter group from a third re-formed a ruling coalition called the Pro-European Coalition. The Moldovan Government in summer 2014 signed and ratified an Association Agreement with the EU, advancing the Coalition's policy priority of EU integration. Following the country's most recent legislative election in November 2014, the three pro-European parties that entered Parliament won a total of 55 of the body's 101 seats. Infighting among coalition members led to prolonged legislative gridlock and political instability, as well as the collapse of two governments, all ruled by pro-European coalitions centered around the Liberal Democratic Party (PLDM) and the Democratic Party (PDM). A political impasse ended in January 2016 when a new parliamentary majority led by PDM, joined by defectors from the Communists and PLDM, supported Pavel FILIP as prime minister."
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}
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},
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"Geography": {
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@ -26,10 +26,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Area - comparative": {
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"text": "slightly larger than Maryland",
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"Area comparison map": {
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"text": null
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}
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"text": "slightly larger than Maryland"
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},
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"Land boundaries": {
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"total": {
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@ -51,12 +48,12 @@
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"Terrain": {
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"text": "rolling steppe, gradual slope south to Black Sea"
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},
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"Elevation extremes": {
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"lowest point": {
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"text": "Dniester (Nistru) 2 m"
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"Elevation": {
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"mean elevation": {
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"text": "139 m"
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},
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"highest point": {
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"text": "Dealul Balanesti 430 m"
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"elevation extremes": {
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"text": "lowest point: Dniester (Nistru) 2 m ++ highest point: Dealul Balanesti 430 m"
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}
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},
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"Natural resources": {
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@ -74,18 +71,10 @@
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}
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},
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"Irrigated land": {
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"text": "2,283 sq km (2011)"
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"text": "2,283 sq km (2012)"
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "11.65 cu km (2011)"
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},
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"Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)": {
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"total": {
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"text": "1.07 cu km/yr (14%/83%/4%)"
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},
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"per capita": {
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"text": "290 cu m/yr (2010)"
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}
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"Population - distribution": {
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"text": "pockets of agglomeration exist throughout the country, the largest being in the center of the country around the capital of Chisinau, followed by Tiraspol and Balti"
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},
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"Natural hazards": {
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"text": "landslides"
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@ -106,6 +95,9 @@
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}
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},
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"People and Society": {
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"Population": {
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"text": "3,510,485 (July 2016 est.)"
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},
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"Nationality": {
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"noun": {
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"text": "Moldovan(s)"
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@ -123,33 +115,27 @@
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"Languages": {
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"text": "Moldovan 58.8% (official; virtually the same as the Romanian language), Romanian 16.4%, Russian 16%, Ukrainian 3.8%, Gagauz 3.1% (a Turkish language), Bulgarian 1.1%, other 0.3%, unspecified 0.4%",
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"note": {
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"text": "percentages represent lanugage usually spoken (2004 est.)"
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"text": "represents lanugage usually spoken (2004 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Religions": {
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"text": "Orthodox 93.3%, Baptist 1%, other Christian 1.2%, other 0.9%, atheist 0.4%, none 1%, unspecified 2.2% (2004 est.)"
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},
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"Population": {
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"text": "3,546,847 (July 2015 est.)"
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},
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"Age structure": {
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"0-14 years": {
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"text": "17.86% (male 326,681/female 306,763)"
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"text": "18.03% (male 326,244/female 306,543)"
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},
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"15-24 years": {
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"text": "13.49% (male 247,183/female 231,389)"
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"text": "12.87% (male 233,694/female 218,189)"
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},
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"25-54 years": {
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"text": "43.73% (male 777,648/female 773,401)"
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"text": "43.55% (male 768,933/female 760,002)"
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},
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"55-64 years": {
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"text": "13.24% (male 214,846/female 254,818)"
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"text": "13.36% (male 214,852/female 254,224)"
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},
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"65 years and over": {
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"text": "11.68% (male 159,145/female 254,973) (2015 est.)"
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},
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"population pyramid": {
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"text": null
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"text": "12.19% (male 165,811/female 261,993) (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Dependency ratios": {
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@ -168,26 +154,29 @@
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},
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"Median age": {
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"total": {
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"text": "36 years"
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"text": "36.3 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "34.2 years"
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"text": "34.5 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "38 years (2015 est.)"
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"text": "38.3 years (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Population growth rate": {
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"text": "-1.03% (2015 est.)"
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"text": "-1.04% (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Birth rate": {
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"text": "12 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "11.8 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Death rate": {
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"text": "12.59 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "12.6 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Net migration rate": {
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"text": "-9.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "-9.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Population distribution": {
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"text": "pockets of agglomeration exist throughout the country, the largest being in the center of the country around the capital of Chisinau, followed by Tiraspol and Balti"
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},
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"Urbanization": {
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"urban population": {
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@ -205,7 +194,7 @@
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"text": "1.06 male(s)/female"
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},
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"0-14 years": {
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"text": "1.07 male(s)/female"
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"text": "1.06 male(s)/female"
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},
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"15-24 years": {
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"text": "1.07 male(s)/female"
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@ -214,48 +203,51 @@
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"text": "1.01 male(s)/female"
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},
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"55-64 years": {
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"text": "0.84 male(s)/female"
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"text": "0.85 male(s)/female"
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},
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"65 years and over": {
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"text": "0.62 male(s)/female"
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},
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"total population": {
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"text": "0.95 male(s)/female (2015 est.)"
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"text": "0.95 male(s)/female (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
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"text": "24 (2013 est.)"
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},
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"Maternal mortality rate": {
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"text": "23 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Infant mortality rate": {
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"total": {
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"text": "12.59 deaths/1,000 live births"
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"text": "12.3 deaths/1,000 live births"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "14.44 deaths/1,000 live births"
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"text": "14.1 deaths/1,000 live births"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "10.62 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)"
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"text": "10.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Life expectancy at birth": {
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"total population": {
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"text": "70.42 years"
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"text": "70.7 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "66.55 years"
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"text": "66.9 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "74.54 years (2015 est.)"
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"text": "74.8 years (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Total fertility rate": {
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"text": "1.56 children born/woman (2015 est.)"
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"text": "1.56 children born/woman (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
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"text": "67.8% (2005)"
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},
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"Health expenditures": {
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"text": "11.8% of GDP (2013)"
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"text": "10.3% of GDP (2014)"
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},
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"Physicians density": {
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"text": "2.98 physicians/1,000 population (2013)"
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@ -280,13 +272,13 @@
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}
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
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"text": "0.63% (2014 est.)"
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"text": "0.64% (2015 est.)"
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
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"text": "17,600 (2014 est.)"
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"text": "18,000 (2015 est.)"
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
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"text": "800 (2014 est.)"
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"text": "800 (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
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"text": "15.7% (2014)"
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@ -295,7 +287,7 @@
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"text": "2.2% (2012)"
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},
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"Education expenditures": {
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"text": "8.3% of GDP (2012)"
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"text": "7.5% of GDP (2014)"
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},
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"Literacy": {
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"definition": {
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@ -332,13 +324,13 @@
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},
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"Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": {
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"total": {
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"text": "13.1%"
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"text": "9.8%"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "12.8%"
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"text": "9.6%"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "13.4% (2012 est.)"
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"text": "10.2% (2014 est.)"
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}
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}
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},
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@ -358,10 +350,13 @@
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},
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"former": {
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"text": "Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic"
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},
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"etymology": {
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"text": "named for the Moldova River in neighboring eastern Romania"
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}
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},
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"Government type": {
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"text": "republic"
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"text": "parliamentary republic"
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},
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"Capital": {
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"name": {
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@ -402,7 +397,7 @@
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"text": "Independence Day, 27 August (1991)"
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},
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"Constitution": {
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"text": "previous 1978; latest adopted 29 July 1994, effective 27 August 1994; amended 2006, 2010 (2015)"
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"text": "previous 1978; latest adopted 29 July 1994, effective 27 August 1994; amended several times, last in 2010; note – in early 2016, a Moldovan Constitutional Court decision allows for direct presidential elections, reversing a constitutional amendment allowing Parliament to select the president (2016)"
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},
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"Legal system": {
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"text": "civil law system with Germanic law influences; Constitutional Court review of legislative acts"
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@ -410,6 +405,20 @@
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"International law organization participation": {
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"text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
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},
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"Citizenship": {
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"citizenship by birth": {
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"text": "no"
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},
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"citizenship by descent only": {
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"text": "at least one parent must be a citizen of Moldova"
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},
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"dual citizenship recognized": {
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"text": "no"
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},
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"residency requirement for naturalization": {
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"text": "10 years"
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}
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},
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"Suffrage": {
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"text": "18 years of age; universal"
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},
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@ -418,32 +427,32 @@
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"text": "President Nicolae TIMOFTI (since 23 March 2012)"
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},
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"head of government": {
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"text": "Interim Prime Minister Gheorghe BREGA (since 30 October 2015); Minister Valeriu STRELET (since 30 July 2015) ousted in no-confidence vote 29 October 2015"
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"text": "Prime Minister Pavel FILIP (since 20 January 2016)"
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},
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"cabinet": {
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"text": "Cabinet proposed by the prime minister-designate, nominated by the president, approved through a vote of confidence in Parliament"
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},
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"elections/appointments": {
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"text": "president indirectly elected by Parliament by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 16 March 2012 (next to be held in March 2016); prime minister designated by the president upon consultation with Parliament; within 15 days from designation, the prime minister-designate must request a vote of confidence for his/her proposed work program from the Parliament; the prime minister and Cabinet received a vote of confidence on 30 July 2015"
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"text": "president directly elected for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 16 March 2012 (under the previous system of indirect election by the Parliament; next to be held in fall 2016); prime minister designated by the president upon consultation with Parliament; within 15 days from designation, the prime minister-designate must request a vote of confidence for his/her proposed work program from the Parliament"
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},
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"election results": {
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"text": "Nicolae TIMOFTI (independent) elected president; Parliament vote - 62 of 101; Valeriu STRELET (Liberal Democratic) designated prime minister; Parliament confidence vote - 52 to 41"
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"text": "Nicolae TIMOFTI (independent) elected president; Parliament vote - 62 of 101; Pavel FILIP (Democratic Party) designated prime minister; Parliament vote - 57 of 101"
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}
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},
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"Legislative branch": {
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"description": {
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"text": "unicameral Parliament or Parlament (101 seats; members directly elected in a single, nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)"
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"text": "unicameral Parliament (101 seats; members directly elected in a single, nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)"
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},
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"elections": {
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"text": "last held on 30 November 2014 (next to be held in November 2018)"
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},
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"election results": {
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"text": "percent of vote by party - PSRM 20.5%, PLDM 20.2%, PCRM 17.5%, PD 15.8%, PL 9.7%, other 16.3%; seats by party - PSRM 25, PLDM 23, PCRM 21, PD 19, PL 13"
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"text": "percent of vote by party - PSRM 20.5%, PLDM 20.2%, PCRM 17.5%, PDM 15.8%, PL 9.7%, other 16.3%; seats by party - PSRM 25, PLDM 23, PCRM 21, PDM 19, PL 13"
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}
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},
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"Judicial branch": {
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"highest court(s)": {
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"text": "Supreme Court of Justice (consists of a chief judges, 3 deputy-chief judges, 45 judges, and 7 assistant judges); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president and 6 judges); note - the Constitutional Court is autonomous to the other branches of government; the Court interprets the Constitution and reviews the constitutionality of parliamentary laws and decisions, decrees of the president, and acts of the government"
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"text": "Supreme Court of Justice (consists of a chief judge, 3 deputy-chief judges, 45 judges, and 7 assistant judges); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president and 6 judges); note - the Constitutional Court is autonomous to the other branches of government; the Court interprets the Constitution and reviews the constitutionality of parliamentary laws and decisions, decrees of the president, and acts of the government"
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},
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"judge selection and term of office": {
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"text": "Supreme Court of Justice judges appointed by Parliament upon the recommendation of the Supreme Council of the Magistracy; all judges serve 4-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed 2 each by Parliament, the Moldovan president, and the Higher Council of Magistracy; court president elected by other court judges for a 3-year term; other judges appointed for 6-year terms"
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@ -454,10 +463,10 @@
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},
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"Political parties and leaders": {
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"represented in Parliament": {
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"text": " ++ Communist Party of the Republic of Moldova or PCRM [Vladimir VORONIN] ++ Democratic Party or PD [Marian LUPU] ++ Liberal Democratic Party or PLDM [Vladimir FILAT] ++ Liberal Party or PL [Mihai GHIMPU] ++ Party of Socialists or PSRM [Igor DODON]"
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"text": " ++ Communist Party of the Republic of Moldova or PCRM [Vladimir VORONIN] ++ Democratic Party of Moldova or PDM [Marian LUPU] ++ Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova or PLDM [Valeriu STRELET, acting] ++ Liberal Party or PL [Mihai GHIMPU] ++ Socialist Party of the Republic of Moldova or PSRM [Igor DODON]"
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},
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"not represented in Parliament": {
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"text": " ++ Anti-Fascist Movement or Antifa [Grigore PETRENCO] ++ Anti-Mafia Movement [Sergiu MOCANU] ++ Christian Democratic People's Party or PPCD [Iurie ROSCA] ++ Conservative Party or PC [Natalia NIRCA] ++ Ecological Party of Moldova \"Green Alliance\" or PEMAVE [Vladimir BRAGA] ++ European Action Movement or MAE [Veaceslav UNTILA] ++ Humanist Party of Moldova or PUM [Valeriu PASAT] ++ Labor Party or PM [Gheorghe SIMA] ++ Liberal Reformers Party or PLR [Ion HADARCA] ++ National Liberal Party or PNL [Vitalia PAVLICENKO] ++ Our Party [Renato USATII] ++ Patriots of Moldova Party or PPM [Mihail GARBUZ] ++ Popular Republican Party or PPR [Nicolae ANDRONIC] ++ Republican Party of Moldova or PRM [Andrei STRATAN] ++ Roma Social Political Movement of the Republic of Moldova or MRRM [Ion BUCUR] ++ Social Democratic Party or PSD [Victor SELIN] ++ Social Political Movement \"Equality\" or MR [Valeriy KLIMENCO] ++ United Moldova Party or PMUEM [Vladimir TURCAN]"
|
||||
"text": " ++ Anti-Mafia Movement [Sergiu MOCANU] ++ Christian Democratic People's Party or PPCD [Victor CIOBANU] ++ Conservative Party or PC [Natalia NIRCA] ++ Dignity and Truth Party [Andrei NASTASE] ++ Ecological Party of Moldova \"Green Alliance\" or PEMAVE [Vladimir BRAGA] ++ European People’s Party of Moldova (EPPM) [Iurie LEANCA] ++ Humanist Party of Moldova or PUM [Valeriu PASAT] ++ Labor Party or PM [Gheorghe SIMA] ++ Liberal Reformers Party or PLR [Ion HADARCA] ++ National Liberal Party or PNL [Vitalia PAVLICENKO] ++ Our Home Moldova [Grigore PETRENCO] ++ Our Party [Renato USATII] ++ Patriots of Moldova Party or PPM [Mihail GARBUZ] ++ Republican Party of Moldova or PRM [Andrei STRATAN] ++ Revival Party [Vadim MISIN] ++ Roma Social Political Movement of the Republic of Moldova or MRRM [Ion BUCUR] ++ Social Democratic Party or PSD [Victor SELIN] ++ Social Political Movement \"Equality\" or MR [Valeriy KLIMENCO] ++ United Moldova Party or PMUEM [Vladimir TURCAN]"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Political pressure groups and leaders": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -520,58 +529,58 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Economy": {
|
||||
"Economy - overview": {
|
||||
"text": "Despite recent progress, Moldova remains one of the poorest countries in Europe. With a moderate climate and good farmland, Moldova's economy relies heavily on its agriculture sector, featuring fruits, vegetables, wine, and tobacco. Moldova also depends on annual remittances of about $1.6 billion from the roughly one million Moldovans working in Europe, Russia, and other former Soviet Bloc countries. With few natural energy resources, Moldova imports almost all of its energy supplies from Russia and Ukraine. Moldova's dependence on Russian energy is underscored by a growing $5 billion debt to Russian natural gas supplier Gazprom, largely the result of unreimbursed natural gas consumption in the separatist Transnistria region. In August 2013, work began on a new pipeline between Moldova and Romania that may eventually break Russia's monopoly on Moldova's gas supplies. The government's goal of EU integration has resulted in some market-oriented progress. Moldova experienced better than expected economic growth in 2014 due to increased agriculture production, to economic policies adopted by the Moldovan government since 2009, and to the receipt of EU trade preferences. Moldova signed an Association Agreement and a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement with the EU during fall 2014, connecting Moldovan products to the world’s largest market. Still, growth has been hampered by high prices for Russian natural gas, a Russian import ban on Moldovan wine, increased foreign scrutiny of Moldovan agricultural products, and by Moldova’s large external debt. Over the longer term, Moldova's economy remains vulnerable to political uncertainty, weak administrative capacity, vested bureaucratic interests, corruption, higher fuel prices, Russian pressure, and the illegal separatist regime in Moldova's Transnistria region."
|
||||
"text": "Despite recent progress, Moldova remains one of the poorest countries in Europe. With a moderate climate and productive farmland, Moldova's economy relies heavily on its agriculture sector, featuring fruits, vegetables, wine, and tobacco. Moldova also depends on annual remittances of about $1.12 billion from the roughly one million Moldovans working in Europe, Russia, and other former Soviet Bloc countries. ++ ++ With few natural energy resources, Moldova imports almost all of its energy supplies from Russia and Ukraine. Moldova's dependence on Russian energy is underscored by a more than $5 billion debt to Russian natural gas supplier Gazprom, largely the result of unreimbursed natural gas consumption in the breakaway region of Transnistria. Moldova and Romania inaugurated the Ungheni-Iasi natural gas interconnector project in August 2014. The 43-kilometer pipeline between Moldova and Romania, allows for both the import and export of natural gas. Several technical and regulatory delays kept gas from flowing into Moldova until March 2015. Romanian gas exports to Moldova are largely symbolic. Moldova hopes to build a pipeline connecting Ungheni to Chisinau, bringing the gas to Moldovan population centers. ++ ++ The government's stated goal of EU integration has resulted in some market-oriented progress. Moldova experienced better than expected economic growth in 2014 due to increased agriculture production, to economic policies adopted by the Moldovan government since 2009, and to the receipt of EU trade preferences. Moldova signed an Association Agreement and a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement with the EU during fall 2014, connecting Moldovan products to the world’s largest market. Still, a $1 billion asset-stripping heist of Moldovan banks in late 2014 delivered a significant shock to the economy in 2015; a subsequent bank bailout increased inflationary pressures and contributed to the depreciation of the leu. Moldova’s growth has also been hampered by endemic corruption and a Russian import ban on Moldova’s agricultural products. ++ ++ Over the longer term, Moldova's economy remains vulnerable to corruption, political uncertainty, weak administrative capacity, vested bureaucratic interests, higher fuel prices, Russian political and economic pressure, and unresolved separatism in Moldova's Transnistria region."
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
|
||||
"text": "$17.78 billion (2014 est.) ++ $17 billion (2013 est.) ++ $15.54 billion (2012 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "$17.94 billion (2015 est.) ++ $18.03 billion (2014 est.) ++ $17.2 billion (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
|
||||
"text": "$7.962 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$6.475 billion (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - real growth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "4.6% (2014 est.) ++ 9.4% (2013 est.) ++ -0.7% (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-0.5% (2015 est.) ++ 4.8% (2014 est.) ++ 9.4% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
|
||||
"text": "$5,000 (2014 est.) ++ $4,800 (2013 est.) ++ $4,400 (2012 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "$5,000 (2015 est.) ++ $5,100 (2014 est.) ++ $4,800 (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving": {
|
||||
"text": "20.9% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 19.6% of GDP (2013 est.) ++ 14.6% of GDP (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "18% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 22.3% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 19.6% of GDP (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
|
||||
"household consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "88.1%"
|
||||
"text": "89.7%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"government consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "18.5%"
|
||||
"text": "20.7%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"investment in fixed capital": {
|
||||
"text": "24.7%"
|
||||
"text": "23.6%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"investment in inventories": {
|
||||
"text": "1.3%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"exports of goods and services": {
|
||||
"text": "42.9%"
|
||||
"text": "43.2%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"imports of goods and services": {
|
||||
"text": "-75.6% ++ (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-78.5% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
"text": "16%"
|
||||
"text": "14.1%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"industry": {
|
||||
"text": "20.4%"
|
||||
"text": "21.1%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"services": {
|
||||
"text": "63.6% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "64.7% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Agriculture - products": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -581,27 +590,27 @@
|
|||
"text": "sugar, vegetable oil, food processing, agricultural machinery; foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing machines; hosiery, shoes, textiles"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Industrial production growth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "7.1% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "1% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force": {
|
||||
"text": "1.23 million (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "1.228 million (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force - by occupation": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
"text": "26.4%"
|
||||
"text": "30.5%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"industry": {
|
||||
"text": "13.2%"
|
||||
"text": "12.2%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"services": {
|
||||
"text": "60.4% (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "57.3% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Unemployment rate": {
|
||||
"text": "6.2% (2014 est.) ++ 5.1% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "5.2% (2015 est.) ++ 3.9% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Population below poverty line": {
|
||||
"text": "21.9% (2010 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "20.8% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
|
||||
"lowest 10%": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -612,104 +621,109 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Distribution of family income - Gini index": {
|
||||
"text": "33 (2010) ++ 33.2 (2003)"
|
||||
"text": "28.5 (2013) ++ 33.2 (2003)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$3.025 billion"
|
||||
"text": "$2.158 billion"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "$3.164 billion"
|
||||
"text": "$2.292 billion"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "National Public Budget (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "National Public Budget (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "38% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "33.6% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
|
||||
"text": "-1.7% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-2.1% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Public debt": {
|
||||
"text": "17.2% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 19.3% of GDP (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "39.4% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Fiscal year": {
|
||||
"text": "calendar year"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
|
||||
"text": "5.1% (2014 est.) ++ 4.6% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "9.6% (2015 est.) ++ 5.1% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Central bank discount rate": {
|
||||
"text": "3.5% (31 December 2013) ++ 4.5% (31 December 2012)",
|
||||
"text": "19.5% (31 December 2015) ++ 6.5% (31 December 2014)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "this is the basic rate on short-term operations"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Commercial bank prime lending rate": {
|
||||
"text": "11.01% (31 December 2014 est.) ++ 12.29% (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "14.2% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 11.01% (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of narrow money": {
|
||||
"text": "$1.718 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $2.077 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$1.188 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.698 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of broad money": {
|
||||
"text": "$4.685 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $4.797 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$3.402 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.685 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of domestic credit": {
|
||||
"text": "$2.674 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $3.4 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$2.162 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.643 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Market value of publicly traded shares": {
|
||||
"text": "$65.28 million (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $51.46 million (31 December 2012) ++ $20.71 million (31 December 2011)"
|
||||
"text": "$9.723 million (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $50.47 million (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $51.46 million (31 December 2012 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Current account balance": {
|
||||
"text": "-$294 million (2014 est.) ++ -$399 million (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-$304 million (2015 est.) ++ -$300 million (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports": {
|
||||
"text": "$2.352 billion (2014 est.) ++ $2.466 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$1.507 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.805 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "foodstuffs, textiles, machinery"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "Romania 18.9%, Russia 18.4%, Italy 10.6%, Germany 6%, Belarus 5.9%, Ukraine 4.7%, UK 4.7%, Turkey 4.5% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "Romania 23.1%, Italy 10.2%, Turkey 9.4%, Russia 8%, Germany 6.6%, Belarus 6.4% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports": {
|
||||
"text": "$5.264 billion (2014 est.) ++ $5.449 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$3.595 billion (2015 est.) ++ $4.858 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "mineral products and fuel, machinery and equipment, chemicals, textiles"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "Romania 15.2%, Russia 13.5%, Ukraine 10.3%, China 9.1%, Germany 8.1%, Italy 6.7%, Turkey 5.7% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "Russia 22.7%, Romania 18.1%, Ukraine 11.5%, Germany 7%, Italy 4.8%, Turkey 4.4% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
|
||||
"text": "$2.157 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $2.821 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$1.757 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.157 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Debt - external": {
|
||||
"text": "$6.562 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $6.613 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$6.207 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $6.464 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": {
|
||||
"text": "$3.448 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $3.262 billion (31 December 2011 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$3.647 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $3.615 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": {
|
||||
"text": "$108.2 million (31 December 2012) ++ $88.42 million (31 December 2011)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exchange rates": {
|
||||
"text": "Moldovan lei (MDL) per US dollar - ++ 14.036 (2014 est.) ++ 14.036 (2013 est.) ++ 12.11 (2012 est.) ++ 11.738 (2011 est.) ++ 12.369 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "Moldovan lei (MDL) per US dollar - ++ 19.83 (2015 est.) ++ 15.435 (2014 est.) ++ 14.036 (2013 est.) ++ 12.11 (2012 est.) ++ 11.738 (2011 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Energy": {
|
||||
"Electricity access": {
|
||||
"electrification - total population": {
|
||||
"text": "100% (2016)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - production": {
|
||||
"text": "5.467 billion kWh (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "3.574 billion kWh (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "5.056 billion kWh (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "4.305 billion kWh (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - exports": {
|
||||
"text": "0 kWh (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0 kWh (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - imports": {
|
||||
"text": "846 million kWh (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "731 million kWh (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - installed generating capacity": {
|
||||
"text": "439,900 kW",
|
||||
|
|
@ -742,7 +756,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "0 bbl (1 January 2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Refined petroleum products - production": {
|
||||
"text": "354.3 bbl/day (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "354 bbl/day (2012 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Refined petroleum products - consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "16,000 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -754,10 +768,13 @@
|
|||
"text": "16,320 bbl/day (2012 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Natural gas - production": {
|
||||
"text": "0 cu m (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0 cu m (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Natural gas - consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "3.28 billion cu m (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "3.28 billion cu m",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "includes Transnistria; excluding Transnistria, consumption amounted to 2.92 billion cu m in 2015 (2013 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Natural gas - exports": {
|
||||
"text": "0 cu m (2013 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -765,7 +782,7 @@
|
|||
"Natural gas - imports": {
|
||||
"text": "3.28 billion cu m",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "excludes Transnistria (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "includes Transnistria; excluding Transnistria, imports amounted to 2.92 billion cu m in 2015 (2013 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Natural gas - proved reserves": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -778,53 +795,64 @@
|
|||
"Communications": {
|
||||
"Telephones - fixed lines": {
|
||||
"total subscriptions": {
|
||||
"text": "1.22 million"
|
||||
"text": "1,202,466"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "34 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "34 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephones - mobile cellular": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "3.7 million"
|
||||
"text": "3.713 million"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "104 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "105 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephone system": {
|
||||
"general assessment": {
|
||||
"text": "poor service outside Chisinau; some modernization is under way"
|
||||
"text": "the mobile market has extended the reach of service to outside the cities and across most of the country"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"domestic": {
|
||||
"text": "multiple private operators of GSM mobile-cellular telephone service are operating; GPRS system is being introduced; a CDMA mobile telephone network began operations in 2007; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity 100 per 100 persons"
|
||||
"text": "competition among mobile telephone providers has spurred subscriptions; little interest in expanding fixed-line service; mobile-cellular teledensity exceeds 100 per 100 persons"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"international": {
|
||||
"text": "country code - 373; service through Romania and Russia via landline; satellite earth stations - at least 3 (Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik) (2011)"
|
||||
"text": "country code - 373; service through Romania and Russia via landline; satellite earth stations - at least 3 (Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik) (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Broadcast media": {
|
||||
"text": "state-owned national radio-TV broadcaster operates 2 TV and 2 radio stations; a total of nearly 40 terrestrial TV channels and some 50 radio stations are in operation; Russian and Romanian channels also are available (2007)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Radio broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "AM 2, FM 29, shortwave NA (2006)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Television broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "40 (2006)"
|
||||
"text": "state-owned national radio-TV broadcaster operates 1 TV and 1 radio stations; a total of nearly 70 terrestrial TV channels and some 50 radio stations are in operation; Russian and Romanian channels also are available (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet country code": {
|
||||
"text": ".md"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "1.6 million"
|
||||
"text": "1.768 million"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "44.8% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "49.8% (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transportation": {
|
||||
"National air transport system": {
|
||||
"number of registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "12"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "1,005,942"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual freight traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "489,630 mt-km (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
|
||||
"text": "ER (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports": {
|
||||
"text": "7 (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -850,7 +878,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": " ++ 1 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "1 (2013)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Pipelines": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -889,43 +917,19 @@
|
|||
"text": "bulk carrier 7, cargo 88, carrier 1, chemical tanker 3, passenger/cargo 7, petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 11, specialized tanker 1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"foreign-owned": {
|
||||
"text": "63 (Bulgaria 1, Denmark 1, Egypt 5, Greece 1, Israel 2, Lebanon 1, Pakistan 1, Romania 2, Russia 5, Syria 5, Turkey 18, UK 3, Ukraine 14, Yemen 4) (2010)"
|
||||
"text": "63 (Bulgaria 1, Denmark 1, Egypt 5, Greece 1, Israel 2, Lebanon 1, Pakistan 1, Romania 2, Russia 5, Syria 5, Turkey 18, UK 3, Ukraine 14, Yemen 4) (2010)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military": {
|
||||
"Military and Security": {
|
||||
"Military branches": {
|
||||
"text": "National Army: Land Forces Command, Air Forces Command (includes air defense unit) (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "National Army: Land Forces Command, Air Forces Command (includes air defense unit); Carabinieri Troops: a component of the Ministry of Internal Affairs that also has official status as a service of the Armed Forces (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service; male registration required at age 16; 1-year service obligation (2012)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower available for military service": {
|
||||
"males age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "1,143,440"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"females age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "1,156,958 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower fit for military service": {
|
||||
"males age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "875,224"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"females age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "969,903 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually": {
|
||||
"male": {
|
||||
"text": "28,213"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"female": {
|
||||
"text": "26,614 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"text": "18 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service; male registration required at age 16; 1-year service obligation (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "0.3% of GDP (2014) ++ 0.3% of GDP (2012) ++ 0.3% of GDP (2011) ++ 0.3% of GDP (2010)"
|
||||
"text": "0.3% of GDP (2015 projected) ++ 0.3% of GDP (2014) ++ 0.3% of GDP (2012) ++ 0.3% of GDP (2011) ++ 0.3% of GDP (2010)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -937,7 +941,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "6,779 applicants for forms of legal stay other than asylum (Ukraine) (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "2,036 (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "5,014 (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Illicit drugs": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue