apunkt/factbook.json
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@ -48,12 +48,12 @@
"Terrain": {
"text": "mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third"
},
"Elevation extremes": {
"lowest point": {
"text": "Ruggeller Riet 430 m"
"Elevation": {
"mean elevation": {
"text": "NA"
},
"highest point": {
"text": "Vorder-Grauspitz 2,599 m"
"elevation extremes": {
"text": "lowest point: Ruggeller Riet 430 m ++ highest point: Vorder-Grauspitz 2,599 m"
}
},
"Natural resources": {
@ -71,7 +71,10 @@
}
},
"Irrigated land": {
"text": "NA"
"text": "0 sq km (2012)"
},
"Population - distribution": {
"text": "most of the population is found in the western half of the country along the Rhine River"
},
"Natural hazards": {
"text": "NA"
@ -92,6 +95,9 @@
}
},
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "37,937 (July 2016 est.)"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
"text": "Liechtensteiner(s)"
@ -101,7 +107,7 @@
}
},
"Ethnic groups": {
"text": "Liechtensteiner 65.6%, other 34.4% (2000 census)"
"text": "Liechtensteiner 66.3%, other 33.7% (2013 est.)"
},
"Languages": {
"text": "German 94.5% (official) (Alemannic is the main dialect), Italian 1.1%, other 4.3% (2010 est.)"
@ -109,51 +115,48 @@
"Religions": {
"text": "Roman Catholic (official) 75.9%, Protestant Reformed 6.5%, Muslim 5.4%, Lutheran 1.3%, other 2.9%, none 5.4%, unspecified 2.6% (2010 est.)"
},
"Population": {
"text": "37,624 (July 2015 est.)"
},
"Age structure": {
"0-14 years": {
"text": "15.54% (male 3,142/female 2,706)"
"text": "15.38% (male 3,141/female 2,694)"
},
"15-24 years": {
"text": "11.73% (male 2,182/female 2,230)"
"text": "11.71% (male 2,214/female 2,229)"
},
"25-54 years": {
"text": "42.65% (male 8,013/female 8,035)"
"text": "42.13% (male 7,983/female 8,001)"
},
"55-64 years": {
"text": "13.58% (male 2,504/female 2,606)"
"text": "13.82% (male 2,553/female 2,690)"
},
"65 years and over": {
"text": "16.49% (male 2,837/female 3,369) (2015 est.)"
},
"population pyramid": {
"text": null
"text": "16.95% (male 2,954/female 3,478) (2016 est.)"
}
},
"Median age": {
"total": {
"text": "42.7 years"
"text": "42.9 years"
},
"male": {
"text": "41.5 years"
"text": "41.7 years"
},
"female": {
"text": "43.8 years (2015 est.)"
"text": "44.1 years (2016 est.)"
}
},
"Population growth rate": {
"text": "0.84% (2015 est.)"
"text": "0.82% (2016 est.)"
},
"Birth rate": {
"text": "10.45 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
"text": "10.4 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
},
"Death rate": {
"text": "7.12 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
"text": "7.3 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
},
"Net migration rate": {
"text": "5.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
"text": "5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
},
"Population distribution": {
"text": "most of the population is found in the western half of the country along the Rhine River"
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
@ -171,48 +174,48 @@
"text": "1.26 male(s)/female"
},
"0-14 years": {
"text": "1.16 male(s)/female"
"text": "1.17 male(s)/female"
},
"15-24 years": {
"text": "0.98 male(s)/female"
"text": "0.99 male(s)/female"
},
"25-54 years": {
"text": "1 male(s)/female"
},
"55-64 years": {
"text": "0.96 male(s)/female"
"text": "0.95 male(s)/female"
},
"65 years and over": {
"text": "0.84 male(s)/female"
},
"total population": {
"text": "0.99 male(s)/female (2015 est.)"
"text": "0.99 male(s)/female (2016 est.)"
}
},
"Infant mortality rate": {
"total": {
"text": "4.29 deaths/1,000 live births"
"text": "4.3 deaths/1,000 live births"
},
"male": {
"text": "4.59 deaths/1,000 live births"
"text": "4.6 deaths/1,000 live births"
},
"female": {
"text": "3.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)"
"text": "3.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)"
}
},
"Life expectancy at birth": {
"total population": {
"text": "81.77 years"
"text": "81.9 years"
},
"male": {
"text": "79.6 years"
"text": "79.7 years"
},
"female": {
"text": "84.5 years (2015 est.)"
"text": "84.6 years (2016 est.)"
}
},
"Total fertility rate": {
"text": "1.69 children born/woman (2015 est.)"
"text": "1.69 children born/woman (2016 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "NA"
@ -224,7 +227,7 @@
"text": "NA"
},
"Education expenditures": {
"text": "2.1% of GDP (2008)"
"text": "2.6% of GDP (2011)"
},
"School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
"total": {
@ -234,7 +237,7 @@
"text": "16 years"
},
"female": {
"text": "14 years (2012)"
"text": "13 years (2014)"
}
}
},
@ -251,10 +254,13 @@
},
"local short form": {
"text": "Liechtenstein"
},
"etymology": {
"text": "named after the Liechtenstein dynasty that purchased and united the counties of Schellenburg and Vaduz and that were allowed by the Holy Roman Emperor in 1719 to rename the new property after their family; the name in German means \"light (bright) stone\""
}
},
"Government type": {
"text": "hereditary constitutional monarchy"
"text": "constitutional monarchy"
},
"Capital": {
"name": {
@ -280,7 +286,7 @@
"text": "Assumption Day, 15 August, and National Day, 15 August (1940)"
},
"Constitution": {
"text": "previous 1862; latest adopted 5 October 1921; amended many times, last in 2011 (2015)"
"text": "previous 1862; latest adopted 5 October 1921; amended many times, last in 2011 (2016)"
},
"Legal system": {
"text": "civil law system influenced by Swiss, Austrian, and German law"
@ -288,6 +294,20 @@
"International law organization participation": {
"text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
},
"Citizenship": {
"citizenship by birth": {
"text": "no"
},
"citizenship by descent only": {
"text": "the father must be a citizen of Liechtenstein; in the case of a child born out of wedlock, the mother must be a citizen"
},
"dual citizenship recognized": {
"text": "no"
},
"residency requirement for naturalization": {
"text": "5 years"
}
},
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
},
@ -302,7 +322,7 @@
"text": "Cabinet elected by the Parliament, confirmed by the monarch"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the Landtag usually appointed the head of government by the monarch, and the leader of the largest minority party in the Landtag usually appointed the deputy head of government by the monarch if there is a coalition government"
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the Parliament usually appointed the head of government by the monarch, and the leader of the largest minority party in the Landtag usually appointed the deputy head of government by the monarch if there is a coalition government"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -321,21 +341,21 @@
"text": "Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof (consists of 5 judges); Constitutional Court or Verfassungsgericht (consists of 5 judges and 5 alternates)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
"text": "judges of both courts elected by the Landtag and appointed by the monarch; Supreme Court judges serve 4-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court judge tenure NA"
"text": "judges of both courts elected by the Landtag and appointed by the monarch; Supreme Court judges serve 4-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed for renewable 5-year terms"
},
"subordinate courts": {
"text": "Court of Appeal or Obergericht (second instance), Court of Justice (first instance), Administrative Court, county courts"
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Fatherland Union (Vaterlaendische Union) or VU [Jakob BUECHEL] ++ Progressive Citizens' Party (Fortschrittliche Buergerpartei) or FBP [Elfried HASLER] ++ The Free List (Die Freie Liste) or FL [Wolfgang MARXER] ++ the independents (Die Unabhaengigen) or DU [Harry QUADERER]"
"text": "Fatherland Union (Vaterlaendische Union) or VU [Jakob BUECHEL] ++ Progressive Citizens' Party (Fortschrittliche Buergerpartei) or FBP [Elfried HASLER] ++ The Free List (Die Freie Liste) or FL [Wolfgang MARXER] ++ The Independents (Die Unabhaengigen) or DU [Harry QUADERER]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "CD, CE, EBRD, EFTA, IAEA, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WIPO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Claudia FRITSCHE (since 7 December 2000)"
"text": "Ambassador Kurt JAEGER (since 16 December 2016)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "2900 K Street, NW, Suite 602B, Washington, DC 20007"
@ -345,9 +365,6 @@
},
"FAX": {
"text": "[1] (202) 331-3221"
},
"consulate(s) general": {
"text": "Atlanta, New York, San Francisco"
}
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
@ -373,7 +390,7 @@
},
"Economy": {
"Economy - overview": {
"text": "Despite its small size and limited natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital financial service sector and the third highest per capita income in the world, after Qatar and Luxembourg. The Liechtenstein economy is widely diversified with a large number of small businesses. Low business taxes - the maximum tax rate is 20% - and easy incorporation rules have induced many holding companies to establish nominal offices in Liechtenstein, providing 30% of state revenues. The country participates in a customs union with Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc as its national currency. It imports more than 90% of its energy requirements. Liechtenstein has been a member of the European Economic Area (an organization serving as a bridge between the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and the EU) since May 1995. The government is working to harmonize its economic policies with those of an integrated Europe. Since 2008, Liechtenstein has faced renewed international pressure - particularly from Germany and the United States - to improve transparency in its banking and tax systems. In December 2008, Liechtenstein signed a Tax Information Exchange Agreement with the US. Upon Liechtenstein's conclusion of 12 bilateral information-sharing agreements, the OECD in October 2009 removed the principality from its \"grey list\" of countries that had yet to implement the organization's Model Tax Convention. By the end of 2010, Liechtenstein had signed 25 Tax Information Exchange Agreements or Double Tax Agreements. In 2011 Liechtenstein joined the Schengen area, which allows passport-free travel across 26 European countries."
"text": "Despite its small size and lack of natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital financial service sector and the third highest per capita income in the world, after Qatar and Luxembourg. The Liechtenstein economy is widely diversified with a large number of small businesses. Low business taxes - the maximum tax rate is 20% - and easy incorporation rules have induced many holding companies to establish nominal offices in Liechtenstein, providing 30% of state revenues. ++ ++ The country participates in a customs union with Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc as its national currency. It imports more than 90% of its energy requirements. Liechtenstein has been a member of the European Economic Area (an organization serving as a bridge between the European Free Trade Association and the EU) since May 1995. The government is working to harmonize its economic policies with those of an integrated Europe. ++ ++ Since 2008, Liechtenstein has faced renewed international pressure - particularly from Germany and the US - to improve transparency in its banking and tax systems. In December 2008, Liechtenstein signed a Tax Information Exchange Agreement with the US. Upon Liechtenstein's conclusion of 12 bilateral information-sharing agreements, the OECD in October 2009 removed the principality from its \"grey list\" of countries that had yet to implement the organization's Model Tax Convention. By the end of 2010, Liechtenstein had signed 25 Tax Information Exchange Agreements or Double Tax Agreements. In 2011, Liechtenstein joined the Schengen area, which allows passport-free travel across 26 European countries."
},
"GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"text": "$3.2 billion (2009 est.) ++ $3.216 billion (2008 est.) ++ $3.159 billion (2007 est.)"
@ -410,7 +427,7 @@
"Labor force": {
"text": "35,830 (2012)",
"note": {
"text": "51% of the labor force in Liechtenstein commute daily from Austria, Switzerland, or Germany (2012 est.)"
"text": "51% of the labor force in Liechtenstein commute daily from Austria, Switzerland, and Germany (2012 est.)"
}
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
@ -425,7 +442,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "2.3% (2012) ++ 2.5% (2011)"
"text": "3.4% (2014) ++ 2.3% (2012)"
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "NA%"
@ -456,7 +473,7 @@
"text": "calendar year"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"text": "-0.7% (2012) ++ 0.2% (2011)"
"text": "-0.2% (2013) ++ -0.7% (2012)"
},
"Market value of publicly traded shares": {
"text": "$NA"
@ -486,10 +503,15 @@
}
},
"Exchange rates": {
"text": "Swiss francs (CHF) per US dollar - ++ 0.9152 (2014) ++ 0.9377 (2012) ++ 0.94 (2012 est.) ++ 0.8876 (2011 est.) ++ 1.0429 (2010 est.)"
"text": "Swiss francs (CHF) per US dollar - ++ 0.9627 (2015) ++ 0.9377 (2012) ++ 0.9377 (2012) ++ 0.94 (2012 est.) ++ 0.8876 (2011 est.)"
}
},
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
"text": "145.3 million kWh (2012)"
},
@ -503,18 +525,18 @@
"Communications": {
"Telephones - fixed lines": {
"total subscriptions": {
"text": "18,000"
"text": "17,184"
},
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
"text": "48 (2014 est.)"
"text": "46 (July 2015 est.)"
}
},
"Telephones - mobile cellular": {
"total": {
"text": "38,800"
"text": "41,000"
},
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
"text": "104 (2014 est.)"
"text": "108 (July 2015 est.)"
}
},
"Telephone system": {
@ -525,31 +547,28 @@
"text": "fixed-line and mobile-cellular services widely available; combined telephone service subscribership exceeds 150 per 100 persons"
},
"international": {
"text": "country code - 423; linked to Swiss networks by cable and microwave radio relay (2011)"
"text": "country code - 423; linked to Swiss networks by cable and microwave radio relay (2015)"
}
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "relies on foreign terrestrial and satellite broadcasters for most broadcast media services; first Liechtenstein-based TV station established August 2008; Radio Liechtenstein operates multiple radio stations; a Swiss-based broadcaster operates several radio stations in Liechtenstein (2008)"
},
"Radio broadcast stations": {
"text": "AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)"
},
"Television broadcast stations": {
"text": "NA (linked to Swiss networks) (1997)"
},
"Internet country code": {
"text": ".li"
},
"Internet users": {
"total": {
"text": "34,500"
"text": "36,000"
},
"percent of population": {
"text": "92.4% (2014 est.)"
"text": "96.6% (July 2015 est.)"
}
}
},
"Transportation": {
"Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
"text": "HB (2016)"
},
"Pipelines": {
"text": "gas 20 km (2013)"
},
@ -576,33 +595,12 @@
"text": "28 km (2010)"
}
},
"Military": {
"Military and Security": {
"Military branches": {
"text": "no regular military forces; National Police maintains close relations with neighboring forces (2013)"
},
"Manpower available for military service": {
"males age 16-49": {
"text": "8,009 (2010 est.)"
}
},
"Manpower fit for military service": {
"males age 16-49": {
"text": "6,538"
},
"females age 16-49": {
"text": "6,746 (2010 est.)"
}
},
"Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually": {
"male": {
"text": "219"
},
"female": {
"text": "211 (2010 est.)"
}
"text": "no regular military forces; National Police maintain close relations with neighboring forces (2013)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "Liechtenstein has no military forces, but the modern National Police maintains close relations with neighboring forces (2013)"
"text": "Liechtenstein has no military forces, but the modern National Police maintain close relations with neighboring forces (2013)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {