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Gerald Bauer
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europe/lg.json
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europe/lg.json
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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{
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"Introduction": {
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"Background": {
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"text": "The name \"Latvia\" originates from the ancient Latgalians, one of four eastern Baltic tribes that formed the ethnic core of the Latvian people (ca. 8th-12th centuries A.D.). The region subsequently came under the control of Germans, Poles, Swedes, and finally, Russians. A Latvian republic emerged following World War I, but it was annexed by the USSR in 1940 - an action never recognized by the US and many other countries. Latvia reestablished its independence in 1991 following the breakup of the Soviet Union. Although the last Russian troops left in 1994, the status of the Russian minority (some 28% of the population) remains of concern to Moscow. Latvia acceded to both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004; it joined the euro zone in 2014."
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"text": "Several eastern Baltic tribes merged in medieval times to form the ethnic core of the Latvian people (ca. 8th-12th centuries A.D.). The region subsequently came under the control of Germans, Poles, Swedes, and finally, Russians. A Latvian republic emerged following World War I, but it was annexed by the USSR in 1940 - an action never recognized by the US and many other countries. Latvia reestablished its independence in 1991 following the breakup of the Soviet Union. Although the last Russian troops left in 1994, the status of the Russian minority (some 26% of the population) remains of concern to Moscow. Latvia acceded to both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004; it joined the euro zone in 2014."
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}
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},
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"Geography": {
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@ -26,10 +26,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Area - comparative": {
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"text": "slightly larger than West Virginia",
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"Area comparison map": {
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"text": null
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}
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"text": "slightly larger than West Virginia"
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},
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"Land boundaries": {
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"total": {
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@ -59,12 +56,12 @@
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"Terrain": {
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"text": "low plain"
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},
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"Elevation extremes": {
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"lowest point": {
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"text": "Baltic Sea 0 m"
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"Elevation": {
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"mean elevation": {
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"text": "87 m"
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},
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"highest point": {
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"text": "Gaizina Kalns 312 m"
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"elevation extremes": {
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"text": "lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m ++ highest point: Gaizina Kalns 312 m"
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}
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},
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"Natural resources": {
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@ -82,21 +79,13 @@
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}
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},
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"Irrigated land": {
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"text": "8.3 sq km",
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"text": "12 sq km",
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"note": {
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"text": "land in Latvia is often too wet and in need of drainage not irrigation; approximately 16,000 sq km or 85% of agricultural land has been improved by drainage (2007)"
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"text": "land in Latvia is often too wet and in need of drainage not irrigation; approximately 16,000 sq km or 85% of agricultural land has been improved by drainage (2012)"
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}
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "35.45 cu km (2011)"
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},
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"Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)": {
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"total": {
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"text": "0.42 cu km/yr (42%/45%/13%)"
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},
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"per capita": {
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"text": "177.9 cu m/yr (2007)"
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}
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"Population - distribution": {
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"text": "largest concentration of people is found in and around the port and capital city of Riga; small agglomerations are scattered throughout the country"
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},
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"Natural hazards": {
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"text": "NA"
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@ -117,6 +106,9 @@
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}
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},
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"People and Society": {
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"Population": {
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"text": "1,965,686 (July 2016 est.)"
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},
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"Nationality": {
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"noun": {
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"text": "Latvian(s)"
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@ -131,33 +123,27 @@
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"Languages": {
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"text": "Latvian (official) 56.3%, Russian 33.8%, other 0.6% (includes Polish, Ukrainian, and Belarusian), unspecified 9.4%",
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"note": {
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"text": "percentages represent lanugage usually spoken at home (2011 est.)"
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"text": "represents lanugage usually spoken at home (2011 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Religions": {
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"text": "Lutheran 19.6%, Orthodox 15.3%, other Christian 1%, other 0.4%, unspecified 63.7% (2006)"
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},
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"Population": {
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"text": "1,986,705 (July 2015 est.)"
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},
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"Age structure": {
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"0-14 years": {
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"text": "14.86% (male 151,296/female 143,968)"
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"text": "15.01% (male 151,290/female 143,710)"
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},
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"15-24 years": {
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"text": "10.47% (male 107,301/female 100,779)"
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"text": "9.9% (male 100,416/female 94,244)"
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},
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"25-54 years": {
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"text": "42.25% (male 414,648/female 424,745)"
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"text": "42.07% (male 409,921/female 417,074)"
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},
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"55-64 years": {
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"text": "13.44% (male 117,851/female 149,063)"
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"text": "13.77% (male 119,844/female 150,860)"
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},
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"65 years and over": {
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"text": "18.98% (male 122,507/female 254,547) (2015 est.)"
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},
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"population pyramid": {
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"text": null
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"text": "19.25% (male 123,467/female 254,860) (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Dependency ratios": {
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@ -176,26 +162,29 @@
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},
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"Median age": {
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"total": {
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"text": "42.9 years"
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"text": "43.3 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "39.2 years"
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"text": "39.5 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "46.3 years (2015 est.)"
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"text": "46.6 years (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Population growth rate": {
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"text": "-1.06% (2015 est.)"
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"text": "-1.07% (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Birth rate": {
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"text": "10 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "9.9 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Death rate": {
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"text": "14.31 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "14.4 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Net migration rate": {
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"text": "-6.26 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "-6.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Population distribution": {
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"text": "largest concentration of people is found in and around the port and capital city of Riga; small agglomerations are scattered throughout the country"
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},
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"Urbanization": {
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"urban population": {
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@ -228,39 +217,42 @@
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"text": "0.48 male(s)/female"
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},
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"total population": {
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"text": "0.85 male(s)/female (2015 est.)"
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"text": "0.85 male(s)/female (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
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"text": "26.9 (2013 est.)"
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},
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"Maternal mortality rate": {
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"text": "18 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Infant mortality rate": {
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"total": {
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"text": "5.36 deaths/1,000 live births"
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"text": "5.3 deaths/1,000 live births"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "5.76 deaths/1,000 live births"
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"text": "5.7 deaths/1,000 live births"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "4.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)"
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"text": "4.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Life expectancy at birth": {
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"total population": {
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"text": "74.23 years"
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"text": "74.5 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "69.62 years"
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"text": "69.9 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "79.07 years (2015 est.)"
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"text": "79.3 years (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Total fertility rate": {
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"text": "1.5 children born/woman (2015 est.)"
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"text": "1.51 children born/woman (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Health expenditures": {
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"text": "5.7% of GDP (2013)"
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"text": "5.9% of GDP (2014)"
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},
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"Physicians density": {
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"text": "3.58 physicians/1,000 population (2012)"
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@ -285,27 +277,27 @@
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}
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
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"text": "NA"
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"text": "0.67% (2015 est.)"
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
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"text": "NA"
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"text": "6,800 (2015 est.)"
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
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"text": "NA"
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"text": "400 (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Major infectious diseases": {
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"degree of risk": {
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"text": "intermediate"
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},
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"vectorborne diseases": {
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"text": "tickborne encephalitis (2013)"
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"text": "tickborne encephalitis (2016)"
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}
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},
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"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
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"text": "25.6% (2014)"
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},
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"Education expenditures": {
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"text": "4.9% of GDP (2011)"
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"text": "4.9% of GDP (2013)"
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},
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"Literacy": {
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"definition": {
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@ -323,24 +315,24 @@
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},
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"School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
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"total": {
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"text": "15 years"
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"text": "16 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "15 years"
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"text": "16 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "16 years (2012)"
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"text": "17 years (2014)"
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}
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},
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"Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": {
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"total": {
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"text": "28.4%"
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"text": "19.6%"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "27.6%"
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"text": "19.4%"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "29.3% (2012 est.)"
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"text": "20% (2014 est.)"
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}
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}
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},
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@ -360,10 +352,13 @@
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},
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"former": {
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"text": "Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic"
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},
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"etymology": {
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"text": "the name \"Latvia\" originates from the ancient Latgalians, one of four eastern Baltic tribes that formed the ethnic core of the Latvian people (ca. 8th-12th centuries A.D.)"
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}
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},
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"Government type": {
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"text": "parliamentary democracy"
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"text": "parliamentary republic"
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},
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"Capital": {
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"name": {
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@ -392,10 +387,10 @@
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"text": "4 May 1990 (declared); 6 September 1991 (recognized by the Soviet Union)"
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},
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"National holiday": {
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"text": "Independence Day, 18 November (1918); note - 18 November 1918 was the date Latvia declared independence from Soviet Russia and established its statehood; 4 May 1990 was the date it declared its independence from the Soviet Union"
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"text": "Independence Day, 18 November (1918); note - 18 November 1918 was the date Latvia established its statehood and its concomitant independence from Soviet Russia; 4 May 1990 was the date it declared the restoration of Latvian statehood and its concomitant independence from the Soviet Union"
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},
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"Constitution": {
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"text": "several previous (preindependence); note - following independence in 1991, parts of the 1922 constitution were reinforced and fully reinforced 6 July 1993; amended several times, last in 2014 (2015)"
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"text": "several previous (pre-1991 independence); note - following the restoration of independence in 1991, parts of the 1922 constitution were reinforced and fully reinforced 6 July 1993; amended several times, last in 2014 (2016)"
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},
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"Legal system": {
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"text": "civil law system with traces of socialist legal traditions and practices"
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@ -404,14 +399,17 @@
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"text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
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},
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"Citizenship": {
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"birthright citizenship": {
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"text": ""
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"citizenship by birth": {
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"text": "no"
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},
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"citizenship by descent only": {
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"text": "at least one parent must be a citizen of Latvia"
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},
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"dual citizenship recognized": {
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"text": "no"
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},
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"residency requirement for naturalization": {
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"text": ""
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"text": "5 years"
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}
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},
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"Suffrage": {
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@ -422,7 +420,7 @@
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"text": "President Raimonds VEJONIS (since 8 July 2015)"
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},
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"head of government": {
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"text": "Prime Minister Laimdota STRAUJUMA (since 22 January 2014)"
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"text": "Prime Minister Maris KUCINSKIS (since 11 February 2016); Deputy Prime Minister Arvils ASERADENS (since 11 February 2016)"
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},
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"cabinet": {
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"text": "Cabinet of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, appointed by Parliament"
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@ -431,7 +429,7 @@
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"text": "president indirectly elected by Parliament for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 3 June 2015 (next to be held in 2019); prime minister appointed by the president, confirmed by Parliament"
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},
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"election results": {
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"text": "Andris BERZINS (ZZS) elected president; Parliament vote - Raimonds VEJONIS 55 of 100"
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"text": "Raimonds VEJONIS elected president; Parliament vote - Raimonds VEJONIS 55 of 100"
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}
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},
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"Legislative branch": {
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@ -457,7 +455,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Political parties and leaders": {
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"text": "Alliance of Regions or LRA [Martins BONDARS, Dainis LIEPINS] ++ For Latvia from the Heart or NSL [Inguna SUDRABA] ++ Social Democratic Party \"Harmony\" or SC [Janis URBANOVICS, Nils USAKOVS] ++ National Alliance \"All For Latvia!\"-\"For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK\" or NA [Gaidis BERZINS, Raivis DZINTARS] ++ Union of Greens and Farmers or ZZS [Augusts BRIGMANIS, Raimonds VEJONIS] ++ Unity [Solvita ABOLTINA]"
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"text": "Alliance of Regions or LRA [Martins BONDARS] ++ For Latvia from the Heart or NSL [Inguna SUDRABA] ++ Social Democratic Party \"Harmony\" or SC [Nils USAKOVS] ++ National Alliance \"All For Latvia!\"-\"For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK\" or NA [Gaidis BERZINS, Raivis DZINTARS] ++ Union of Greens and Farmers or ZZS [Augusts BRIGMANIS] ++ Unity [Solvita ABOLTINA]"
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},
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"Political pressure groups and leaders": {
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"text": "Employers' Confederation of Latvia [Vitalijs GAVRILOVS] ++ Farmers' Parliament [Juris LAZDINS] ++ Free Trade Union Confederation of Latvia [Peteris KRIGERS]"
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@ -467,7 +465,7 @@
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},
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"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
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"chief of mission": {
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"text": "Ambassador Andris RAZANS (since 27 July 2012)"
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"text": "Ambassador Andris TEIKMANIS (since 16 September 2016)"
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},
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"chancery": {
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"text": "2306 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20008"
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@ -481,7 +479,7 @@
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},
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"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
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"chief of mission": {
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"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge D'Affaires Sharon HUDSON-DEAN (since 2015)"
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"text": "Ambassador Nancy Bikoff PETTIT (since 8 September 2015)"
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},
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"embassy": {
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"text": "1 Samnera Velsa St, Riga LV-1510"
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@ -516,58 +514,58 @@
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},
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"Economy": {
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"Economy - overview": {
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"text": "Latvia is a small, open economy with exports contributing nearly a third of GDP. Due to its geographical location, transit services are highly-developed, along with timber and wood-processing, agriculture and food products, and manufacturing of machinery and electronics industries. Corruption continues to be an impediment to attracting foreign direct investment and Latvia's low birth rate and decreasing population are major challenges to its long-term economic vitality. Latvia's economy experienced GDP growth of more than 10% per year during 2006-07, but entered a severe recession in 2008 as a result of an unsustainable current account deficit and large debt exposure amid the softening world economy. Triggered by the collapse of the second largest bank, GDP plunged 18% in 2009. The economy has not returned to pre-crisis levels despite strong growth, especially in the export sector in 2011-14. The IMF, EU, and other international donors provided substantial financial assistance to Latvia as part of an agreement to defend the currency's peg to the euro in exchange for the government's commitment to stringent austerity measures. The IMF/EU program successfully concluded in December 2011. The majority of companies, banks, and real estate have been privatized, although the state still holds sizable stakes in a few large enterprises, including 99.8% ownership of the Latvian national airline. Latvia officially joined the World Trade Organization in February 1999 and the EU in May 2004. Latvia joined the euro zone in 2014."
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"text": "Latvia is a small, open economy with exports contributing nearly a third of GDP. Due to its geographical location, transit services are highly-developed, along with timber and wood-processing, agriculture and food products, and manufacturing of machinery and electronics industries. Corruption continues to be an impediment to attracting foreign direct investment and Latvia's low birth rate and decreasing population are major challenges to its long-term economic vitality. ++ ++ Latvia's economy experienced GDP growth of more than 10% per year during 2006-07, but entered a severe recession in 2008 as a result of an unsustainable current account deficit and large debt exposure amid the softening world economy. Triggered by the collapse of the second largest bank, GDP plunged 18% in 2009. The economy has not returned to pre-crisis levels despite strong growth, especially in the export sector in 2011-14. ++ ++ The IMF, EU, and other international donors provided substantial financial assistance to Latvia as part of an agreement to defend the currency's peg to the euro in exchange for the government's commitment to stringent austerity measures. The IMF/EU program successfully concluded in December 2011. The majority of companies, banks, and real estate have been privatized, although the state still holds sizable stakes in a few large enterprises, including 99.8% ownership of the Latvian national airline. Latvia officially joined the World Trade Organization in February 1999 and the EU in May 2004. Latvia joined the euro zone in 2014."
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},
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"GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
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"text": "$48.36 billion (2014 est.) ++ $47.25 billion (2013 est.) ++ $45.33 billion (2012 est.)",
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"text": "$48.96 billion (2015 est.) ++ $47.66 billion (2014 est.) ++ $46.71 billion (2013 est.)",
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"note": {
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"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
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"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
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}
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},
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"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
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"text": "$31.97 billion (2014 est.)"
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||||
"text": "$26.96 billion (2015 est.)"
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},
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||||
"GDP - real growth rate": {
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||||
"text": "2.4% (2014 est.) ++ 4.2% (2013 est.) ++ 4.8% (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "2.7% (2015 est.) ++ 2% (2014 est.) ++ 2.9% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
|
||||
"text": "$23,800 (2014 est.) ++ $23,200 (2013 est.) ++ $22,300 (2012 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "$24,700 (2015 est.) ++ $23,800 (2014 est.) ++ $23,100 (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving": {
|
||||
"text": "21% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 21.5% of GDP (2013 est.) ++ 22.7% of GDP (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "20.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 21.5% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 21.6% of GDP (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
|
||||
"household consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "61.5%"
|
||||
"text": "61.4%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"government consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "17.2%"
|
||||
"text": "18%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"investment in fixed capital": {
|
||||
"text": "23%"
|
||||
"text": "22.8%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"investment in inventories": {
|
||||
"text": "1.1%"
|
||||
"text": "-0.8%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"exports of goods and services": {
|
||||
"text": "58%"
|
||||
"text": "58.8%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"imports of goods and services": {
|
||||
"text": "-60.9% ++ (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-60.2% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
"text": "3.4%"
|
||||
"text": "3.3%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"industry": {
|
||||
"text": "23%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"services": {
|
||||
"text": "73.5% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "73.8% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Agriculture - products": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -577,10 +575,10 @@
|
|||
"text": "processed foods, processed wood products, textiles, processed metals, pharmaceuticals, railroad cars, synthetic fibers, electronics"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Industrial production growth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "1.6% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "2.2% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force": {
|
||||
"text": "1.005 million (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "973,700 (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force - by occupation": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -594,7 +592,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Unemployment rate": {
|
||||
"text": "8.9% (2014 est.) ++ 9.9% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "9.9% (2015 est.) ++ 10.9% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Population below poverty line": {
|
||||
"text": "NA%"
|
||||
|
|
@ -612,20 +610,20 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$11.34 billion"
|
||||
"text": "$9.718 billion"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "$11.8 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$10.06 billion (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "35.5% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "35.9% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
|
||||
"text": "-1.4% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-1.3% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Public debt": {
|
||||
"text": "40% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 38.2% of GDP (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "36.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 40.8% of GDP (2014 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities, including sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government, and social security funds"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -634,64 +632,69 @@
|
|||
"text": "calendar year"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
|
||||
"text": "0.7% (2014 est.) ++ 0% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0.2% (2015 est.) ++ 0.7% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Central bank discount rate": {
|
||||
"text": "3.5% (31 December 2011) ++ 3.5% (31 December 2010)"
|
||||
"text": "0.05% (31 December 2013) ++ 0.3% (31 December 2012)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Commercial bank prime lending rate": {
|
||||
"text": "4.6% (31 December 2014 est.) ++ 5.92% (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "4.5% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 4.6% (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of narrow money": {
|
||||
"text": "$8.969 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $10.24 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$10.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $10.08 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of broad money": {
|
||||
"text": "$12.88 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $13.41 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of domestic credit": {
|
||||
"text": "$15.46 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $18.94 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$15.39 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $15.46 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Market value of publicly traded shares": {
|
||||
"text": "$1.115 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $1.076 billion (31 December 2011) ++ $1.252 billion (31 December 2010 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$1.115 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $1.076 billion (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $1.252 billion (31 December 2010 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Current account balance": {
|
||||
"text": "-$995 million (2014 est.) ++ -$721 million (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-$332 million (2015 est.) ++ -$620 million (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports": {
|
||||
"text": "$13.41 billion (2014 est.) ++ $13.04 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$11.4 billion (2015 est.) ++ $13.5 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "foodstuffs, wood and wood products, metals, machinery and equipment, textiles"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "Lithuania 17.7%, Russia 14.7%, Estonia 11.2%, Germany 6.6%, Poland 6.2%, Sweden 5.1%, UK 4.7% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "Lithuania 17.8%, Russia 11.5%, Estonia 11.1%, Germany 6.3%, Poland 5.6%, Sweden 5.2%, UK 5%, Denmark 4% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports": {
|
||||
"text": "$16.65 billion (2014 est.) ++ $16.41 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$13.74 billion (2015 est.) ++ $16.52 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "machinery and equipment, consumer goods, chemicals, fuels, vehicles"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "Lithuania 17%, Germany 11.7%, Poland 10.9%, Russia 7.7%, Estonia 7.7%, Finland 5.8%, Italy 4.1% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "Lithuania 16.9%, Germany 11.2%, Poland 10.5%, Russia 8.1%, Estonia 7.7%, Finland 5.2%, Netherlands 4% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
|
||||
"text": "$7.507 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $7.893 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Debt - external": {
|
||||
"text": "$40.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $7.893 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$40.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $42.06 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": {
|
||||
"text": "$15.85 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $17.02 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$15.71 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $15.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": {
|
||||
"text": "$2.454 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $2.664 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$2.391 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.568 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exchange rates": {
|
||||
"text": "lati (LVL) per US dollar - ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2013 est.) ++ 0.55 (2012 est.) ++ 0.5012 (2011 est.) ++ 0.5305 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "lati (LVL) per US dollar - ++ 0.9012 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2013 est.) ++ 0.55 (2012 est.) ++ 0.5012 (2011 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Energy": {
|
||||
"Electricity access": {
|
||||
"electrification - total population": {
|
||||
"text": "100% (2016)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - production": {
|
||||
"text": "6.008 billion kWh (2012 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -765,18 +768,18 @@
|
|||
"Communications": {
|
||||
"Telephones - fixed lines": {
|
||||
"total subscriptions": {
|
||||
"text": "390,000"
|
||||
"text": "395,602"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "19 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "20 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephones - mobile cellular": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "2.5 million"
|
||||
"text": "2.579 million"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "126 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "130 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephone system": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -787,31 +790,42 @@
|
|||
"text": "number of telecommunications operators has grown rapidly since the fixed-line market opened to competition in 2003; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular subscribership roughly 150 per 100 persons"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"international": {
|
||||
"text": "country code - 371; the Latvian network is now connected via fiber optic cable to Estonia, Finland, and Sweden (2008)"
|
||||
"text": "country code - 371; the Latvian network is now connected via fiber-optic cable to Estonia, Finland, and Sweden (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Broadcast media": {
|
||||
"text": "several national and regional commercial TV stations are foreign-owned, 2 national TV stations are publicly owned; system supplemented by privately owned regional and local TV stations; cable and satellite multi-channel TV services with domestic and foreign broadcasts available; publicly owned broadcaster operates 4 radio networks with dozens of stations throughout the country; dozens of private broadcasters also operate radio stations (2007)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Radio broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "AM 8, FM 62, shortwave 1 (2008)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Television broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "37 (plus 31 repeaters) (2008)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet country code": {
|
||||
"text": ".lv"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "1.5 million"
|
||||
"text": "1.573 million"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "76.5% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "79.2% (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transportation": {
|
||||
"National air transport system": {
|
||||
"number of registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "47"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "2,527,368"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual freight traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "2,277,996 mt-km (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
|
||||
"text": "YL (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports": {
|
||||
"text": "42 (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -840,7 +854,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "24"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": " ++ 24 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "24 (2013)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -894,37 +908,13 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military": {
|
||||
"Military and Security": {
|
||||
"Military branches": {
|
||||
"text": "National Armed Forces (Nacionalo Brunoto Speku): Land Forces (Latvijas Sauszemes Speki), Navy (Latvijas Juras Speki; includes Coast Guard (Latvijas Kara Flotes)), Latvian Air Force (Latvijas Gaisa Speki), Latvian Home Guard (Latvijas Zemessardze) (2011)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary male and female military service; no conscription; under current law, every citizen is entitled to serve in the armed forces for life (2012)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower available for military service": {
|
||||
"males age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "546,090"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"females age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "540,810 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower fit for military service": {
|
||||
"males age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "401,691"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"females age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "447,638 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually": {
|
||||
"male": {
|
||||
"text": "10,482"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"female": {
|
||||
"text": "9,858 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "0.91% of GDP (2014) ++ 0.99% of GDP (2013) ++ 0.92% of GDP (2012) ++ 1.05% of GDP (2011) ++ 0.92% of GDP (2010)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -935,7 +925,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "262,802 (2014); note - individuals who were Latvian citizens prior to the 1940 Soviet occupation and their descendants were recognized as Latvian citizens when the country's independence was restored in 1991; citizens of the former Soviet Union residing in Latvia who have neither Latvian nor other citizenship are considered non-citizens (officially there is no statelessness in Latvia) and are entitled to non-citizen passports; children born after Latvian independence to stateless parents are entitled to Latvian citizenship upon their parents' request; non-citizens cannot vote or hold certain government jobs and are exempt from military service but can travel visa-free in the EU under the Schengen accord like Latvian citizens; non-citizens can obtain naturalization if they have been permanent residents of Latvia for at least five years, pass tests in Latvian language and history, and know the words of the Latvian national anthem"
|
||||
"text": "252,195 (2015); note - individuals who were Latvian citizens prior to the 1940 Soviet occupation and their descendants were recognized as Latvian citizens when the country's independence was restored in 1991; citizens of the former Soviet Union residing in Latvia who have neither Latvian nor other citizenship are considered non-citizens (officially there is no statelessness in Latvia) and are entitled to non-citizen passports; children born after Latvian independence to stateless parents are entitled to Latvian citizenship upon their parents' request; non-citizens cannot vote or hold certain government jobs and are exempt from military service but can travel visa-free in the EU under the Schengen accord like Latvian citizens; non-citizens can obtain naturalization if they have been permanent residents of Latvia for at least five years, pass tests in Latvian language and history, and know the words of the Latvian national anthem"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Illicit drugs": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue