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Gerald Bauer
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289
europe/ic.json
289
europe/ic.json
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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{
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"Introduction": {
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"Background": {
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"text": "Settled by Norwegian and Celtic (Scottish and Irish) immigrants during the late 9th and 10th centuries A.D., Iceland boasts the world's oldest functioning legislative assembly, the Althing, established in 930. Independent for over 300 years, Iceland was subsequently ruled by Norway and Denmark. Fallout from the Askja volcano of 1875 devastated the Icelandic economy and caused widespread famine. Over the next quarter century, 20% of the island's population emigrated, mostly to Canada and the US. Denmark granted limited home rule in 1874 and complete independence in 1944. The second half of the 20th century saw substantial economic growth driven primarily by the fishing industry. The economy diversified greatly after the country joined the European Economic Area in 1994, but Iceland was especially hard hit by the global financial crisis in the years following 2008. Literacy, longevity, and social cohesion are first rate by world standards."
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"text": "Settled by Norwegian and Celtic (Scottish and Irish) immigrants during the late 9th and 10th centuries A.D., Iceland boasts the world's oldest functioning legislative assembly, the Althingi, established in 930. Independent for over 300 years, Iceland was subsequently ruled by Norway and Denmark. Fallout from the Askja volcano of 1875 devastated the Icelandic economy and caused widespread famine. Over the next quarter century, 20% of the island's population emigrated, mostly to Canada and the US. Denmark granted limited home rule in 1874 and complete independence in 1944. The second half of the 20th century saw substantial economic growth driven primarily by the fishing industry. The economy diversified greatly after the country joined the European Economic Area in 1994, but Iceland was especially hard hit by the global financial crisis in the years following 2008. Literacy, longevity, and social cohesion are first rate by world standards."
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}
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},
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"Geography": {
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@ -26,10 +26,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Area - comparative": {
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"text": "slightly smaller than Pennsylvania; about the same size as Kentucky",
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"Area comparison map": {
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"text": null
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}
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"text": "slightly smaller than Pennsylvania; about the same size as Kentucky"
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},
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"Land boundaries": {
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"text": "0 km"
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@ -54,12 +51,12 @@
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"Terrain": {
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"text": "mostly plateau interspersed with mountain peaks, icefields; coast deeply indented by bays and fiords"
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},
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"Elevation extremes": {
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"lowest point": {
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"text": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m"
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"Elevation": {
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"mean elevation": {
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"text": "557 m"
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},
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"highest point": {
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"text": "Hvannadalshnukur 2,110 m (at Vatnajokull Glacier)"
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"elevation extremes": {
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"text": "lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m ++ highest point: Hvannadalshnukur 2,110 m (at Vatnajokull Glacier)"
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}
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},
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"Natural resources": {
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@ -79,16 +76,8 @@
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"Irrigated land": {
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"text": "NA"
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "170 cu km (2011)"
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},
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"Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)": {
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"total": {
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"text": "0.17 cu km/yr (49%/8%/42%)"
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},
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"per capita": {
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"text": "539.2 cu m/yr (2005)"
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}
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"Population - distribution": {
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"text": "Iceland is almost entirely urban with half of the population located in and around the capital of Reykjavik; smaller agglomerations are primarily found along the coast in the north and west"
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},
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"Natural hazards": {
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"text": "earthquakes and volcanic activity",
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@ -112,6 +101,9 @@
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}
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},
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"People and Society": {
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"Population": {
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"text": "335,878 (July 2016 est.)"
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},
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"Nationality": {
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"noun": {
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"text": "Icelander(s)"
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@ -129,27 +121,21 @@
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"Religions": {
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"text": "Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland (official) 73.8%, Roman Catholic 3.6%, Reykjavik Free Church 2.9%, Hafnarfjorour Free Church 2%, The Independent Congregation 1%, other religions 3.9% (includes Pentecostal and Asatru Association), none 5.6%, other or unspecified 7.2% (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Population": {
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"text": "331,918 (July 2015 est.)"
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},
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"Age structure": {
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"0-14 years": {
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"text": "20.43% (male 34,653/female 33,161)"
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"text": "20.4% (male 35,009/female 33,495)"
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},
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"15-24 years": {
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"text": "14.03% (male 23,661/female 22,914)"
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"text": "13.77% (male 23,452/female 22,789)"
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},
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"25-54 years": {
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"text": "40.09% (male 67,183/female 65,871)"
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"text": "39.99% (male 67,878/female 66,428)"
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},
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"55-64 years": {
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"text": "11.67% (male 19,502/female 19,230)"
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"text": "11.75% (male 19,848/female 19,622)"
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},
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"65 years and over": {
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"text": "13.78% (male 21,344/female 24,399) (2015 est.)"
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},
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"population pyramid": {
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"text": null
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"text": "14.1% (male 22,130/female 25,227) (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Dependency ratios": {
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@ -168,26 +154,29 @@
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},
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"Median age": {
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"total": {
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"text": "36 years"
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"text": "36.3 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "35.4 years"
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"text": "35.7 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "36.7 years (2015 est.)"
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"text": "36.9 years (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Population growth rate": {
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"text": "1.21% (2015 est.)"
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"text": "1.17% (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Birth rate": {
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"text": "13.91 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "13.8 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Death rate": {
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"text": "6.28 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "6.3 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Net migration rate": {
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"text": "4.43 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "4.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Population distribution": {
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"text": "Iceland is almost entirely urban with half of the population located in and around the capital of Reykjavik; smaller agglomerations are primarily found along the coast in the north and west"
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},
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"Urbanization": {
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"urban population": {
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@ -220,39 +209,42 @@
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"text": "0.88 male(s)/female"
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},
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"total population": {
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"text": "1.01 male(s)/female (2015 est.)"
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"text": "1.01 male(s)/female (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
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"text": "27 (2011 est.)"
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},
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"Maternal mortality rate": {
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"text": "3 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Infant mortality rate": {
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"total": {
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"text": "2.06 deaths/1,000 live births"
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"text": "2.1 deaths/1,000 live births"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "2.2 deaths/1,000 live births"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "1.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)"
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"text": "1.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Life expectancy at birth": {
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"total population": {
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"text": "82.97 years"
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"text": "83 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "80.81 years"
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"text": "80.9 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "85.22 years (2015 est.)"
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"text": "85.3 years (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Total fertility rate": {
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"text": "2.02 children born/woman (2015 est.)"
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"text": "2.01 children born/woman (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Health expenditures": {
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"text": "9.1% of GDP (2013)"
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"text": "8.9% of GDP (2014)"
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},
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"Physicians density": {
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"text": "3.48 physicians/1,000 population (2012)"
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@ -270,10 +262,10 @@
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},
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"Sanitation facility access": {
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"mproved": {
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"text": " ++ urban: 98.7% of population ++ rural: 100% of population ++ total: 100% of population"
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"text": " ++ urban: 98.7% of population ++ rural: 100% of population ++ total: 98.8% of population"
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},
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"unimproved": {
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"text": " ++ urban: 0% of population ++ rural: 0% of population ++ total: 1.2% of population (2015 est.)"
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"text": " ++ urban: 1.3% of population ++ rural: 0% of population ++ total: 1.2% of population (2015 est.)"
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}
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
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@ -289,7 +281,7 @@
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"text": "23.9% (2014)"
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},
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"Education expenditures": {
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"text": "7.4% of GDP (2011)"
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"text": "7% of GDP (2011)"
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},
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"School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
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"total": {
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@ -304,13 +296,13 @@
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},
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"Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": {
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"total": {
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"text": "13.6%"
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"text": "9.8%"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "14.7%"
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"text": "12.9%"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "12.4% (2012 est.)"
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"text": "6.6% (2014 est.)"
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}
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}
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},
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@ -327,10 +319,13 @@
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},
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"local short form": {
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"text": "Island"
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},
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"etymology": {
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"text": "Floki VILGERDARSON, an early explorer of the island (9th century), applied the name \"land of ice\" after spotting a fjord full of drift ice to the north and spending a bitter winter on the island; he eventually settled on the island, however, after he saw how it greened up in the summer and that it was in fact habitable"
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}
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},
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"Government type": {
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"text": "constitutional republic"
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"text": "parliamentary republic"
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},
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"Capital": {
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"name": {
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@ -353,7 +348,7 @@
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"text": "Independence Day, 17 June (1944)"
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},
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"Constitution": {
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"text": "several previous; latest ratified 16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944 (at independence); amended many times, last in 2013; note - a new constitution drafted in 2012 in the aftermath of the country's banking collapse was voted down in April 2013 by the parliament (2015)"
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"text": "several previous; latest ratified 16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944 (at independence); amended many times, last in 2013 (2016)"
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},
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"Legal system": {
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"text": "civil law system influenced by the Danish model"
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@ -362,14 +357,17 @@
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"text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
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},
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"Citizenship": {
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"birthright citizenship": {
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"text": ""
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"citizenship by birth": {
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"text": "no"
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},
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"citizenship by descent only": {
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"text": "at least one parent must be a citizen of Iceland"
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},
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"dual citizenship recognized": {
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"text": "yes"
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},
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"residency requirement for naturalization": {
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"text": ""
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"text": "3 to 7 years"
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}
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},
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"Suffrage": {
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@ -377,30 +375,30 @@
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},
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"Executive branch": {
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"chief of state": {
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"text": "President Olafur Ragnar GRIMSSON (since 1 August 1996)"
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"text": "President Gudni Thorlacius JOHANNESSON (since 1 August 2016)"
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},
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"head of government": {
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"text": "Prime Minister Sigmundur David GUNNLAUGSSON (since 23 May 2013)"
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"text": "Prime Minister Sigurdur Ingi JOHANNSSON (since 7 April 2016)"
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},
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"cabinet": {
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"text": "Cabinet appointed by the prime minister"
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},
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"elections/appointments": {
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"text": "president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 4-year term (no term limits); election last held on 30 June 2012 (next to be held in June 2016); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition becomes prime minister"
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"text": "president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 4-year term (no term limits); election last held on 25 June 2016 (next to be held in June 2020); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition becomes prime minister"
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},
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"election results": {
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"text": "Olafur Ragnar GRIMSSON elected president; percent of vote - Olafur Ragnar GRIMSSON (independent) 52.8%, Thora ARNORSDOTTIR (independent) 33.2%, Ari Trausti GUDMUNDSSON (independent) 8.6%, other 5.4%"
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"text": "Gudni Thorlacius JOHANNESSON elected president; percent of vote - Gudni Thorlacius JOHANNESSON (IP) 39.1%, Halla TOMASDOTTIR (independent) 27.9%, Andri Snaer MAGNASON (independent) 14.3%, Davio ODDSSON (IP) 13.7%, Sturla JONSSON (Sturla JONSSON Party) 3.5%, invalid 1.5%"
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}
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},
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"Legislative branch": {
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"description": {
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"text": "unicameral Althingi (parliament) (63 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)"
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"text": "unicameral Althingi or Parliament (63 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)"
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},
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"elections": {
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"text": "last held on 27 April 2013 (next to be held in 2017)"
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"text": "last held on 29 October 2016 (next to be held in 2020)"
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},
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"election results": {
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"text": "percent of vote by party - IP 26.7%, PP 24.4%, SDA 12.9%, LGM 10.9%, BF 8.3%, Pirate Party 5.1%, other 11.7%; seats by party - IP 19, PP 19, SDA 9, LGM 7, BF 6, Pirate Party 3"
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"text": "percent of vote by party - IP 29%, LGM 15.9%, Pirate Party 14.5%, PP 11.5%, Vioreisn 10.5%, BF 7.2%, SDA 5.7%, other 2.3%; seats by party - IP 21, LGM 10, Pirate Party 10, PP 8, Vioreisn 7, BF 4, SDA 3"
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}
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},
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"Judicial branch": {
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}
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},
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"Political parties and leaders": {
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"text": "Bright Future (Bjort Framtid) or BF [Ottarr PROPPE] ++ Independence Party (Sjalfstaedisflokkurinn) or IP [Bjarni BENEDIKTSSON] ++ Left-Green Movement (Vinstrihreyfingin) or LGM [Katrin JAKOBSDOTTIR] ++ Pirate Party (Piratar) [Birgitta JONSDOTTIR and Helgi Hrafn GUNNARSSON] ++ Progressive Party (Framsoknarflokkurinn) or PP [Sigmundur David GUNNLAUGSSON] ++ Social Democratic Alliance (Samfylkingin) or SDA [Arni Pall ARNASON]"
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"text": "Bright Future (Bjort framtid) or BF [Ottarr PROPPE] ++ Independence Party (Sjalfstaedisflokkurinn) or IP [Bjarni BENEDIKTSSON] ++ Left-Green Movement (Vinstrihreyfingin-graent frambod) or LGM [Katrin JAKOBSDOTTIR] ++ Pirate Party (Piratar) or PIP [Birgitta JONSDOTTIR] ++ Progressive Party (Framsoknarflokkurinn) or PP [Sigmundur David GUNNLAUGSSON] ++ Social Democratic Alliance (Samfylkingin) or SDA [Arni Pall ARNASON]"
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},
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"International organization participation": {
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"text": "Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, EU (candidate country), FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
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"text": "Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
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},
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"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
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"chief of mission": {
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@ -439,7 +437,7 @@
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},
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"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
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"chief of mission": {
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"text": "Ambassador Robert C. BARBER (since 8 January 2015)"
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"text": "Ambassador Robert C. BARBER (since 23 January 2015)"
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},
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"embassy": {
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"text": "Laufasvegur 21, 101 Reykjavik"
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@ -448,7 +446,7 @@
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"text": "US Department of State, 5640 Reykjavik Place, Washington, D.C. 20521-5640"
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},
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"telephone": {
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"text": "[354] 595-22 00"
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"text": "[354] 595-22-00"
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},
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"FAX": {
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"text": "[354] 562-9118"
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@ -474,71 +472,71 @@
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},
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"Economy": {
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"Economy - overview": {
|
||||
"text": "Iceland's Scandinavian-type social-market economy combines a capitalist structure and free-market principles with an extensive welfare system. Prior to the 2008 crisis, Iceland had achieved high growth, low unemployment, and a remarkably even distribution of income. The economy depends heavily on the fishing industry, which provides 40% of export earnings, more than 12% of GDP, and employs nearly 5% of the work force. It remains sensitive to declining fish stocks as well as to fluctuations in world prices for its main exports: fish and fish products, aluminum, and ferrosilicon. Iceland's economy has been diversifying into manufacturing and service industries in the last decade, particularly within the fields of software production, biotechnology, and tourism. In fall 2013, the Icelandic government approved a joint application by Icelandic, Chinese and Norwegian energy firms to conduct oil exploration off Iceland’s northeast coast. Abundant geothermal and hydropower sources have attracted substantial foreign investment in the aluminum sector, boosted economic growth, and sparked some interest from high-tech firms looking to establish data centers using cheap green energy, although the financial crisis has put several investment projects on hold. Much of Iceland's economic growth in recent years came as the result of a boom in domestic demand, following the rapid expansion of the country's financial sector. Domestic banks expanded aggressively in foreign markets, and consumers and businesses borrowed heavily in foreign currencies, following the privatization of the banking sector in the early 2000s. Worsening global financial conditions throughout 2008 resulted in a sharp depreciation of the krona vis-a-vis other major currencies. The foreign exposure of Icelandic banks, whose loans and other assets totaled more than 10 times the country's GDP, became unsustainable. Iceland's three largest banks collapsed in late 2008. The country secured over $10 billion in loans from the IMF and other countries to stabilize its currency and financial sector, and to back government guarantees for foreign deposits in Icelandic banks. GDP fell 6.8% in 2009, and unemployment peaked at 9.4% in February 2009. Since the collapse of Iceland's financial sector, government economic priorities have included: stabilizing the krona, implementing capital controls, reducing Iceland's high budget deficit, containing inflation, addressing high household debt, restructuring the financial sector, and diversifying the economy. Three new banks were established to take over the domestic assets of the collapsed banks. Two of them have foreign majority ownership, while the State holds a majority of the shares of the third. Iceland began making payments to the UK, the Netherlands, and other claimants in late 2011 following Iceland's Supreme Court ruling that upheld 2008 emergency legislation that gives priority to depositors for compensation from failed Icelandic banks. British and Dutch authorities claim Iceland owes approximately $6.5 billion for compensating British and Dutch citizens who lost deposits in Icesave savings accounts when parent bank Landsbanki failed in 2008. Iceland’s financial woes prompted an initial increase in public support to join the EU and the Eurozone, with accession negotiations beginning in July 2010. However, the election of a new center-right government and declining public support amidst the ongoing Eurozone crisis led to the suspension of negotiations in mid-2013."
|
||||
"text": "Iceland's Scandinavian-type social-market economy combines a capitalist structure and free-market principles with an extensive welfare system. Except for a brief period during the 2008 crisis, Iceland has achieved high growth, low unemployment, and a remarkably even distribution of income. The economy depends heavily on the fishing industry, which provides 40% of merchandise export earnings, more than 12% of GDP, and employs nearly 5% of the work force. It remains sensitive to declining fish stocks as well as to fluctuations in world prices for its main exports: fish and fish products, aluminum, and ferrosilicon. Since 2010, tourism has become the main pillar of Icelandic economic growth, with the number of tourists expected to reach or exceed 4.5 times the Icelandic population in 2016. ++ ++ Iceland's economy has been diversifying into manufacturing and service industries in the last decade, particularly within the fields of tourism, software production, and biotechnology. In fall 2013, the Icelandic Government approved a joint application by Icelandic, Chinese, and Norwegian energy firms to conduct oil exploration off Iceland’s northeast coast, although no exploration has yet taken place. Abundant geothermal and hydropower sources have attracted substantial foreign investment in the aluminum sector, boosted economic growth, and sparked some interest from high-tech firms looking to establish data centers using cheap green energy, although the financial crisis has put several investment projects on hold. ++ ++ Following the privatization of the banking sector in the early 2000s, domestic banks expanded aggressively in foreign markets, and consumers and businesses borrowed heavily in foreign currencies. Worsening global financial conditions throughout 2008 resulted in a sharp depreciation of the krona vis-a-vis other major currencies. The foreign exposure of Icelandic banks, whose loans and other assets totaled more than 10 times the country's GDP, became unsustainable. Iceland's three largest banks collapsed in late 2008. The country secured over $10 billion in loans from the IMF and other countries to stabilize its currency and financial sector, and to back government guarantees for foreign deposits in Icelandic banks. GDP fell 6.8% in 2009, and unemployment peaked at 9.4% in February 2009. Three new banks were established to take over the domestic assets of the collapsed banks. Two of them have majority ownership by the State, which intends to re-privatize them. ++ ++ Since the collapse of Iceland's financial sector, government economic priorities have included stabilizing the krona, implementing capital controls, reducing Iceland's high budget deficit, containing inflation, addressing high household debt, restructuring the financial sector, and diversifying the economy. Iceland’s financial woes prompted an initial increase in public support to join the EU and the euro zone, with accession negotiations beginning in July 2010, but negotiations were suspended under the 2013 center-right government. Most macroeconomic indicators and employment have rebounded to pre-crisis levels, driven primarily by the unprecedented growth in tourism – averaging over 20% annually – following the well publicized volcanic eruption in 2010."
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
|
||||
"text": "$14.34 billion (2014 est.) ++ $14.08 billion (2013 est.) ++ $13.55 billion (2012 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "$15.19 billion (2015 est.) ++ $14.61 billion (2014 est.) ++ $14.33 billion (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
|
||||
"text": "$17.04 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$16.72 billion (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - real growth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "1.8% (2014 est.) ++ 3.9% (2013 est.) ++ 1.2% (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "4% (2015 est.) ++ 2% (2014 est.) ++ 4.4% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
|
||||
"text": "$44,000 (2014 est.) ++ $43,200 (2013 est.) ++ $41,600 (2012 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "$45,600 (2015 est.) ++ $44,400 (2014 est.) ++ $43,900 (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving": {
|
||||
"text": "20.2% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 20.8% of GDP (2013 est.) ++ 11.9% of GDP (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "23.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 21% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 21.2% of GDP (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
|
||||
"household consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "52.6%"
|
||||
"text": "50.1%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"government consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "24.3%"
|
||||
"text": "23.6%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"investment in fixed capital": {
|
||||
"text": "16.6%"
|
||||
"text": "19.1%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"investment in inventories": {
|
||||
"text": "0.1%"
|
||||
"text": "0.2%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"exports of goods and services": {
|
||||
"text": "53.5%"
|
||||
"text": "53.4%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"imports of goods and services": {
|
||||
"text": "-47.1% ++ (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-46.3% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
"text": "5.7%"
|
||||
"text": "5.8%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"industry": {
|
||||
"text": "21.3%"
|
||||
"text": "20.7%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"services": {
|
||||
"text": "73% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "73.5% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Agriculture - products": {
|
||||
"text": "potatoes, green vegetables; mutton, chicken, pork, beef, dairy products; fish"
|
||||
"text": "potatoes, carrots, green vegetables; mutton, chicken, pork, beef, dairy products; fish"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Industries": {
|
||||
"text": "fish processing; aluminum smelting, ferrosilicon production; geothermal power, hydropower, tourism"
|
||||
"text": "tourism, fish processing; aluminum smelting, ferrosilicon production; geothermal power, hydropower, tourism"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Industrial production growth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "1% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "1.5% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force": {
|
||||
"text": "187,000 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "191,400 (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force - by occupation": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -552,7 +550,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Unemployment rate": {
|
||||
"text": "3.6% (2014 est.) ++ 4.4% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "4% (2015 est.) ++ 5% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Population below poverty line": {
|
||||
"text": "NA%",
|
||||
|
|
@ -573,83 +571,88 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$7.397 billion"
|
||||
"text": "$7.058 billion"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "$7.434 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$7.139 billion (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "43.4% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "42.2% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
|
||||
"text": "-0.2% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-0.5% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Public debt": {
|
||||
"text": "85.4% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 87.7% of GDP (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "67.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 82.5% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Fiscal year": {
|
||||
"text": "calendar year"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
|
||||
"text": "2% (2014 est.) ++ 3.9% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "1.6% (2015 est.) ++ 2% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Central bank discount rate": {
|
||||
"text": "5.4% (31 January 2012) ++ 5.75% (31 December 2010)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Commercial bank prime lending rate": {
|
||||
"text": "7.74% (31 December 2014 est.) ++ 8.15% (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "7.61% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 7.74% (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of narrow money": {
|
||||
"text": "$3.213 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $4.122 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$3.314 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.213 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of broad money": {
|
||||
"text": "$8.368 billion (31 December 2013 est.) ++ $8.12 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of domestic credit": {
|
||||
"text": "$18.36 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $22.92 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$18.25 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $18.19 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Market value of publicly traded shares": {
|
||||
"text": "$2.825 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $2.021 billion (31 December 2011) ++ $1.996 billion (31 December 2010 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$2.825 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $2.021 billion (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $1.996 billion (31 December 2010 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Current account balance": {
|
||||
"text": "$581 million (2014 est.) ++ $882 million (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$710 million (2015 est.) ++ $627 million (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports": {
|
||||
"text": "$4.848 billion (2014 est.) ++ $4.593 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$4.653 billion (2015 est.) ++ $4.861 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "fish and fish products 40%, aluminum, animal products, ferrosilicon, diatomite (2010 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "Netherlands 29.2%, UK 11.2%, Spain 7.4%, Germany 6%, France 5%, US 4.9%, Russia 4.9%, Norway 4.5% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "Netherlands 26.1%, UK 11.6%, Spain 11.5%, Germany 7.4%, France 5.7%, US 5.7%, Norway 4.7% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports": {
|
||||
"text": "$4.954 billion (2014 est.) ++ $4.534 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$4.924 billion (2015 est.) ++ $4.961 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "machinery and equipment, petroleum products, foodstuffs, textiles"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "Norway 14.7%, US 10.1%, Germany 7.6%, Denmark 7.6%, China 7.4%, Netherlands 6.6%, UK 6%, Brazil 5.4% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "Norway 10.1%, Germany 8.6%, US 7.9%, China 7.9%, Denmark 7.1%, Netherlands 5.9%, Brazil 5.8%, UK 5% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
|
||||
"text": "$4.176 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $4.237 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$5.041 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.176 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Debt - external": {
|
||||
"text": "$4.176 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $4.237 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$31.04 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $97.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": {
|
||||
"text": "$NA ++ $9.2 billion (31 December 2008 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$NA (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $16.34 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": {
|
||||
"text": "$NA (31 December 2011) ++ $8.8 billion (31 December 2008)"
|
||||
"text": "$NA (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $15.84 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exchange rates": {
|
||||
"text": "Icelandic kronur (ISK) per US dollar - ++ 116.77 (2014 est.) ++ 116.77 (2013 est.) ++ 125.08 (2012 est.) ++ 115.95 (2011 est.) ++ 122.24 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "Icelandic kronur (ISK) per US dollar - ++ 131.92 (2015 est.) ++ 116.77 (2014 est.) ++ 116.77 (2013 est.) ++ 125.08 (2012 est.) ++ 115.95 (2011 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Energy": {
|
||||
"Electricity access": {
|
||||
"electrification - total population": {
|
||||
"text": "100% (2016)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - production": {
|
||||
"text": "17.43 billion kWh (2012 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -723,18 +726,18 @@
|
|||
"Communications": {
|
||||
"Telephones - fixed lines": {
|
||||
"total subscriptions": {
|
||||
"text": "170,000"
|
||||
"text": "168,149"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "52 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "51 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephones - mobile cellular": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "370,000"
|
||||
"text": "384,000"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "113 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "116 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephone system": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -745,31 +748,42 @@
|
|||
"text": "liberalization of the telecommunications sector beginning in the late 1990s has led to increased competition especially in the mobile services segment of the market"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"international": {
|
||||
"text": "country code - 354; the CANTAT-3 and FARICE-1 submarine cable systems provide connectivity to Canada, the Faroe Islands, UK, Denmark, and Germany; a planned new section of the Hibernia-Atlantic submarine cable will provide additional connectivity to Canada, US, and Ireland; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Iceland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden) (2011)"
|
||||
"text": "country code - 354; the CANTAT-3 and FARICE-1 submarine cable systems provide connectivity to Canada, the Faroe Islands, UK, Denmark, and Germany; a planned new section of the Hibernia-Atlantic submarine cable will provide additional connectivity to Canada, US, and Ireland; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Iceland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden) (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Broadcast media": {
|
||||
"text": "state-owned public TV broadcaster operates 1 TV channel nationally; several privately owned TV stations broadcast nationally and roughly another half-dozen operate locally; about one-half the households utilize multi-channel cable or satellite TV services; state-owned public radio broadcaster operates 2 national networks and 4 regional stations; 2 privately owned radio stations operate nationally and another 15 provide more limited coverage (2007)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Radio broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "AM 3, FM about 70, shortwave 1 (2008)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Television broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "14 (plus 156 repeaters) (1997)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet country code": {
|
||||
"text": ".is"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "316,400"
|
||||
"text": "326,000"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "96.5% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "98.2% (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transportation": {
|
||||
"National air transport system": {
|
||||
"number of registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "5"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "43"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "3,413,950"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual freight traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "102,356,809 mt-km (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
|
||||
"text": "TF (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports": {
|
||||
"text": "96 (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -798,7 +812,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "26"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": " ++ 60 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "60 (2013)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Roadways": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -829,31 +843,10 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military": {
|
||||
"Military and Security": {
|
||||
"Military branches": {
|
||||
"text": "no regular military forces; Icelandic National Police; Icelandic Coast Guard (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower available for military service": {
|
||||
"males age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "75,337 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower fit for military service": {
|
||||
"males age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "62,781"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"females age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "61,511 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually": {
|
||||
"male": {
|
||||
"text": "2,277"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"female": {
|
||||
"text": "2,200 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "0.13% of GDP (2012) ++ 0.14% of GDP (2011) ++ 0.13% of GDP (2010)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -863,11 +856,11 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
"Disputes - international": {
|
||||
"text": "Iceland, the UK, and Ireland dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm; the European Free Trade Association Surveillance Authority filed a suit against Iceland, claiming the country violated the European Economic Area agreement in failing to pay minimum compensation to Icesave depositors"
|
||||
"text": "Iceland, the UK, and Ireland dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm; the European Free Trade Association Surveillance Authority filed a suit against Iceland, claiming the country violated the Agreement on the European Economic Area in failing to pay minimum compensation to Icesave depositors"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "119 (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "131 (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue