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Gerald Bauer
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europe/gm.json
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europe/gm.json
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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{
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"Introduction": {
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"Background": {
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"text": "As Europe's largest economy and second most populous nation (after Russia), Germany is a key member of the continent's economic, political, and defense organizations. European power struggles immersed Germany in two devastating World Wars in the first half of the 20th century and left the country occupied by the victorious Allied powers of the US, UK, France, and the Soviet Union in 1945. With the advent of the Cold War, two German states were formed in 1949: the western Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the eastern German Democratic Republic (GDR). The democratic FRG embedded itself in key Western economic and security organizations, the EC, which became the EU, and NATO, while the communist GDR was on the front line of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact. The decline of the USSR and the end of the Cold War allowed for German unification in 1990. Since then, Germany has expended considerable funds to bring Eastern productivity and wages up to Western standards. In January 1999, Germany and 10 other EU countries introduced a common European exchange currency, the euro."
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"text": "As Europe's largest economy and second most populous nation (after Russia), Germany is a key member of the continent's economic, political, and defense organizations. European power struggles immersed Germany in two devastating World Wars in the first half of the 20th century and left the country occupied by the victorious Allied powers of the US, UK, France, and the Soviet Union in 1945. With the advent of the Cold War, two German states were formed in 1949: the western Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the eastern German Democratic Republic (GDR). The democratic FRG embedded itself in key western economic and security organizations, the EC, which became the EU, and NATO, while the communist GDR was on the front line of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact. The decline of the USSR and the end of the Cold War allowed for German unification in 1990. Since then, Germany has expended considerable funds to bring eastern productivity and wages up to western standards. In January 1999, Germany and 10 other EU countries introduced a common European exchange currency, the euro."
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}
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},
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"Geography": {
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@ -26,10 +26,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Area - comparative": {
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"text": "three times the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Montana",
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"Area comparison map": {
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"text": null
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}
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"text": "three times the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Montana"
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},
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"Land boundaries": {
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"total": {
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@ -59,12 +56,12 @@
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"Terrain": {
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"text": "lowlands in north, uplands in center, Bavarian Alps in south"
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},
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"Elevation extremes": {
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"lowest point": {
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"text": "Neuendorf bei Wilster -3.54 m"
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"Elevation": {
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"mean elevation": {
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"text": "263 m"
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},
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"highest point": {
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"text": "Zugspitze 2,963 m"
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"elevation extremes": {
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"text": "lowest point: Neuendorf bei Wilster -3.54 m ++ highest point: Zugspitze 2,963 m"
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}
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},
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"Natural resources": {
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@ -82,18 +79,10 @@
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}
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},
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"Irrigated land": {
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"text": "5,157 sq km (2006)"
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"text": "6,500 sq km (2012)"
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "154 cu km (2011)"
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},
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"Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)": {
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"total": {
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"text": "32.3 cu km/yr (16%/84%/0%)"
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},
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"per capita": {
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"text": "391.4 cu m/yr (2007)"
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}
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"Population - distribution": {
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"text": "most populous country in Europe; a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations, particularly in the far western part of the industrial state of North Rhine-Westphalia"
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},
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"Natural hazards": {
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"text": "flooding"
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@ -110,10 +99,13 @@
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}
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},
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"Geography - note": {
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"text": "strategic location on North European Plain and along the entrance to the Baltic Sea"
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"text": "strategic location on North European Plain and along the entrance to the Baltic Sea; most major rivers in Germany - the Rhine, Weser, Oder, Elbe - flow northward; the Danube, which originates in the German Alps, flows eastward"
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}
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},
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"People and Society": {
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"Population": {
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"text": "80,722,792 (July 2016 est.)"
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},
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"Nationality": {
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"noun": {
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"text": "German(s)"
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@ -134,27 +126,21 @@
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"Religions": {
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"text": "Protestant 34%, Roman Catholic 34%, Muslim 3.7%, unaffiliated or other 28.3%"
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},
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"Population": {
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"text": "80,854,408 (July 2015 est.)"
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},
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"Age structure": {
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"0-14 years": {
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"text": "12.88% (male 5,346,086/female 5,068,071)"
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"text": "12.83% (male 5,317,183/female 5,040,664)"
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},
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"15-24 years": {
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"text": "10.38% (male 4,279,962/female 4,113,746)"
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"text": "10.22% (male 4,203,985/female 4,044,789)"
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},
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"25-54 years": {
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"text": "41.38% (male 16,934,180/female 16,519,932)"
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"text": "40.96% (male 16,721,667/female 16,345,911)"
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},
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"55-64 years": {
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"text": "13.91% (male 5,571,694/female 5,675,104)"
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"text": "14.23% (male 5,695,117/female 5,788,493)"
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},
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"65 years and over": {
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"text": "21.45% (male 7,591,298/female 9,754,335) (2015 est.)"
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},
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"population pyramid": {
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"text": null
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"text": "21.76% (male 7,709,799/female 9,855,184) (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Dependency ratios": {
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@ -173,26 +159,29 @@
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},
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"Median age": {
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"total": {
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"text": "46.5 years"
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"text": "46.8 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "45.4 years"
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"text": "45.7 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "47.5 years (2015 est.)"
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"text": "47.9 years (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Population growth rate": {
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"text": "-0.17% (2015 est.)"
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"text": "-0.16% (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Birth rate": {
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"text": "8.47 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "8.5 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Death rate": {
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"text": "11.42 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "11.6 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Net migration rate": {
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"text": "1.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "1.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Population distribution": {
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"text": "most populous country in Europe; a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations, particularly in the far western part of the industrial state of North Rhine-Westphalia"
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},
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"Urbanization": {
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"urban population": {
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@ -210,13 +199,13 @@
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"text": "1.06 male(s)/female"
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},
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"0-14 years": {
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"text": "1.06 male(s)/female"
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"text": "1.05 male(s)/female"
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},
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"15-24 years": {
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"text": "1.04 male(s)/female"
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},
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"25-54 years": {
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"text": "1.03 male(s)/female"
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"text": "1.02 male(s)/female"
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},
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"55-64 years": {
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"text": "0.98 male(s)/female"
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@ -225,36 +214,39 @@
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"text": "0.78 male(s)/female"
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},
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"total population": {
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"text": "0.97 male(s)/female (2015 est.)"
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"text": "0.97 male(s)/female (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
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"text": "29.2 (2012 est.)"
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},
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"Maternal mortality rate": {
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"text": "6 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Infant mortality rate": {
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"total": {
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"text": "3.43 deaths/1,000 live births"
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"text": "3.4 deaths/1,000 live births"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "3.72 deaths/1,000 live births"
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"text": "3.7 deaths/1,000 live births"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "3.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)"
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"text": "3.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Life expectancy at birth": {
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"total population": {
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"text": "80.57 years"
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"text": "80.7 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "78.26 years"
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"text": "78.4 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "83 years (2015 est.)"
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"text": "83.1 years (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Total fertility rate": {
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"text": "1.44 children born/woman (2015 est.)"
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"text": "1.44 children born/woman (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
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"text": "66.2%",
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@ -263,7 +255,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Health expenditures": {
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"text": "11.3% of GDP (2013)"
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"text": "11.3% of GDP (2014)"
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},
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"Physicians density": {
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"text": "3.89 physicians/1,000 population (2012)"
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@ -303,28 +295,28 @@
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"text": "1.1% (2006)"
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},
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"Education expenditures": {
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"text": "5% of GDP (2011)"
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"text": "4.9% of GDP (2012)"
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},
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"School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
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"total": {
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"text": "16 years"
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"text": "17 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "17 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "16 years (2012)"
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"text": "17 years (2014)"
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}
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},
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"Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": {
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"total": {
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"text": "8.1%"
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"text": "7.7%"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "8.8%"
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"text": "8.3%"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "7.4% (2012 est.)"
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"text": "7.1% (2014 est.)"
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}
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}
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},
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@ -344,10 +336,13 @@
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},
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"former": {
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"text": "German Empire, German Republic, German Reich"
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},
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"etymology": {
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"text": "the Gauls (Celts) of Western Europe may have referred to the newly arriving Germanic tribes who settled in neighboring areas east of the Rhine during the first centuries B.C. as \"Germani,\" a term the Romans adopted as \"Germania\"; the native designation \"Deutsch\" comes from the Old High German \"diutisc\" meaning \"of the people\""
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}
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},
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"Government type": {
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"text": "federal republic"
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"text": "federal parliamentary republic"
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},
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"Capital": {
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"name": {
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@ -373,7 +368,7 @@
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"text": "Unity Day, 3 October (1990)"
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},
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"Constitution": {
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"text": "previous 1919 (Weimar Constitution); latest drafted 10 to 23 August 1948, approved 12 May 1949, promulgated 23 May 1949, entered into force 24 May 1949; amended many times, last in 2012 (2015)"
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"text": "previous 1919 (Weimar Constitution); latest drafted 10 to 23 August 1948, approved 12 May 1949, promulgated 23 May 1949, entered into force 24 May 1949; amended many times, last in 2012 (2016)"
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},
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"Legal system": {
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"text": "civil law system"
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@ -382,8 +377,11 @@
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"text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
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},
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"Citizenship": {
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"birthright citizenship": {
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"text": "no, unless one parent is a German citizen or a resident alien who has lived in Germany at least 8 years"
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"citizenship by birth": {
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"text": "no"
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},
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"citizenship by descent only": {
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"text": "at least one parent must be a German citizen or a resident alien who has lived in Germany at least 8 years"
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},
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"dual citizenship recognized": {
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"text": "yes, but requires prior permission from government"
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"text": "Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) recommended by the chancellor, appointed by the president"
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},
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"elections/appointments": {
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"text": "president indirectly elected for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term) by a Federal Convention consisting of the 630-member Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and 630 delegates indirectly elected by the state parliaments; election last held on 19 February 2012 (next to be held by June 2017); chancellor indirectly elected by absolute majority by the Federal Parliament for a 4-year term; Federal Parliament vote for chancellor last held on 17 December 2013 (next to be held following the September 2017 general election)"
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"text": "president indirectly elected for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term) by a Federal Convention consisting of the 630-member Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and 630 delegates indirectly elected by the state parliaments; election last held on 19 February 2012 (next to be held by June 2017); chancellor indirectly elected by absolute majority by the Federal Parliament for a 4-year term; Federal Parliament vote for chancellor last held on 17 December 2013 (next to be held following the general election, no later than autumn 2017)"
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},
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"election results": {
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"text": "Joachim GAUCK elected president; Federal Convention vote count - Joachim GAUCK (independent) 991, Beate KLARSFELD (independent) 126, Olaf ROSE (National People's Union) 3; Angela MERKEL (CDU) reelected chancellor; Federal Parliament vote - 462 for, 150 against, 4 abstentions"
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"text": "Joachim GAUCK elected president; Federal Convention vote count - Joachim GAUCK (independent) 991, Beate KLARSFELD (independent) 126, Olaf ROSE (National People's Union) 3; Angela MERKEL (CDU) reelected chancellor; Federal Parliament vote - 462 for, 150 against, 49 abstentions"
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}
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},
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"Legislative branch": {
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}
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},
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"Political parties and leaders": {
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"text": "Alliance '90/Greens [Cem OEZDEMIR and Simone PETER] ++ Alternative for Germany or AfD [Bernd LUCKE] ++ Christian Democratic Union or CDU [Angela MERKEL] ++ Christian Social Union or CSU [Horst SEEHOFER] ++ Free Democratic Party or FDP [Christian LINDNER] ++ Left Party or Die Linke [Katia KIPPING and Bernd RIEXINGER] ++ Social Democratic Party or SPD [Sigmar GABRIEL]"
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"text": "Alliance '90/Greens [Cem OEZDEMIR and Simone PETER] ++ Alternative for Germany or AfD [Frauke PETRY and Jorg MEUTHEN] ++ Christian Democratic Union or CDU [Angela MERKEL] ++ Christian Social Union or CSU [Horst SEEHOFER] ++ Free Democratic Party or FDP [Christian LINDNER] ++ Left Party or Die Linke [Katia KIPPING and Bernd RIEXINGER] ++ Social Democratic Party or SPD [Sigmar GABRIEL]"
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},
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"Political pressure groups and leaders": {
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"other": {
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@ -502,58 +500,58 @@
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},
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"Economy": {
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"Economy - overview": {
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"text": "The German economy - the fifth largest economy in the world in PPP terms and Europe's largest - is a leading exporter of machinery, vehicles, chemicals, and household equipment and benefits from a highly skilled labor force. Like its Western European neighbors, Germany faces significant demographic challenges to sustained long-term growth. Low fertility rates and declining net immigration are increasing pressure on the country's social welfare system and necessitate structural reforms. Reforms launched by the government of Chancellor Gerhard SCHROEDER (1998-2005), deemed necessary to address chronically high unemployment and low average growth, contributed to strong growth and falling unemployment. These advances, as well as a government subsidized, reduced working hour scheme, help explain the relatively modest increase in unemployment during the 2008-09 recession - the deepest since World War II - and its decrease to 5.2% in 2014. The new German government introduced a minimum wage of about $11.60 (8.50 euros) per hour to take effect in 2015. Stimulus and stabilization efforts initiated in 2008 and 2009 and tax cuts introduced in Chancellor Angela MERKEL's second term increased Germany's total budget deficit - including federal, state, and municipal - to 4.1% in 2010, but slower spending and higher tax revenues reduced the deficit to 0.8% in 2011 and in 2012 Germany reached a budget surplus of 0.1%. The budget was essentially in balance in 2014. A constitutional amendment approved in 2009 limits the federal government to structural deficits of no more than 0.35% of GDP per annum as of 2016 though the target was already reached in 2012. The German economy suffers from low levels of investment, and a government plan to invest 15 billion euros 2016-18, largely in infrastructure, is intended to spur needed private investment. Following the March 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster, Chancellor Angela MERKEL announced in May 2011 that eight of the country's 17 nuclear reactors would be shut down immediately and the remaining plants would close by 2022. Germany plans to replace nuclear power with renewable energy, which accounted for 27.8% of gross electricity consumption in 2014, up from 9% in 2000. Before the shutdown of the eight reactors, Germany relied on nuclear power for 23% of its electricity generating capacity and 46% of its base-load electricity production. Extremely low inflation, caused largely by low global energy prices and a weak euro, are expected to boost German GDP growth in 2015."
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"text": "The German economy - the fifth largest economy in the world in PPP terms and Europe's largest - is a leading exporter of machinery, vehicles, chemicals, and household equipment and benefits from a highly skilled labor force. Like its Western European neighbors, Germany faces significant demographic challenges to sustained long-term growth. Low fertility rates and a large increase in net immigration are increasing pressure on the country's social welfare system and necessitate structural reforms. ++ ++ Reforms launched by the government of Chancellor Gerhard SCHROEDER (1998-2005), deemed necessary to address chronically high unemployment and low average growth, contributed to strong growth and falling unemployment. These advances, as well as a government subsidized, reduced working hour scheme, help explain the relatively modest increase in unemployment during the 2008-09 recession - the deepest since World War II. The new German Government introduced a minimum wage of about $11.60 (8.50 euros) per hour that took effect in 2015. ++ ++ Stimulus and stabilization efforts initiated in 2008 and 2009 and tax cuts introduced in Chancellor Angela MERKEL's second term increased Germany's total budget deficit - including federal, state, and municipal - to 4.1% in 2010, but slower spending and higher tax revenues reduced the deficit to 0.8% in 2011 and in 2015 Germany reached a budget surplus of 0.9%. A constitutional amendment approved in 2009 limits the federal government to structural deficits of no more than 0.35% of GDP per annum as of 2016, though the target was already reached in 2012. ++ ++ The German economy suffers from low levels of investment, and a government plan to invest 15 billion euros during 2016-18, largely in infrastructure, is intended to spur needed private investment. Following the March 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster, Chancellor Angela MERKEL announced in May 2011 that eight of the country's 17 nuclear reactors would be shut down immediately and the remaining plants would close by 2022. Germany plans to replace nuclear power largely with renewable energy, which accounted for 27.8% of gross electricity consumption in 2014, up from 9% in 2000. Before the shutdown of the eight reactors, Germany relied on nuclear power for 23% of its electricity generating capacity and 46% of its base-load electricity production. Domestic consumption, bolstered by low energy prices and a weak euro, are likely to drive German GDP growth again in 2016."
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},
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"GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
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"text": "$3.748 trillion (2014 est.) ++ $3.69 trillion (2013 est.) ++ $3.675 trillion (2012 est.)",
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"text": "$3.86 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $3.804 trillion (2014 est.) ++ $3.744 trillion (2013 est.)",
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"note": {
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"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
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"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
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}
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},
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"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
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"text": "$3.874 trillion (2014 est.)"
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"text": "$3.365 trillion (2015 est.)"
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},
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"GDP - real growth rate": {
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"text": "1.6% (2014 est.) ++ 0.4% (2013 est.) ++ 0.6% (2012 est.)"
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"text": "1.5% (2015 est.) ++ 1.6% (2014 est.) ++ 0.6% (2013 est.)"
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},
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"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
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"text": "$46,200 (2014 est.) ++ $45,500 (2013 est.) ++ $45,300 (2012 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "$47,000 (2015 est.) ++ $46,800 (2014 est.) ++ $46,400 (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving": {
|
||||
"text": "26.7% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 25.8% of GDP (2013 est.) ++ 26.1% of GDP (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "27.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 27% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 26.2% of GDP (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
|
||||
"household consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "54.6%"
|
||||
"text": "54.1%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"government consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "19.3%"
|
||||
"text": "19.4%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"investment in fixed capital": {
|
||||
"text": "20.1%"
|
||||
"text": "20%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"investment in inventories": {
|
||||
"text": "-0.8%"
|
||||
"text": "-1.3%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"exports of goods and services": {
|
||||
"text": "45.8%"
|
||||
"text": "46.9%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"imports of goods and services": {
|
||||
"text": "-39% ++ (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-39.1% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
"text": "0.7%"
|
||||
"text": "0.6%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"industry": {
|
||||
"text": "30.4%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"services": {
|
||||
"text": "68.9% ++ (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "69.1% ++ (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Agriculture - products": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -563,10 +561,10 @@
|
|||
"text": "among the world's largest and most technologically advanced producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics, automobiles, food and beverages, shipbuilding, textiles"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Industrial production growth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "1.7% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "1.1% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force": {
|
||||
"text": "44.79 million (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "45 million (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force - by occupation": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -580,7 +578,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Unemployment rate": {
|
||||
"text": "5% (2014 est.) ++ 5.2% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "4.6% (2015 est.) ++ 5% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Population below poverty line": {
|
||||
"text": "15.5% (2010 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -598,41 +596,41 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$1.721 trillion"
|
||||
"text": "$1.498 trillion"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "$1.696 trillion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$1.474 trillion (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "44.4% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "44.6% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
|
||||
"text": "0.6% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0.7% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Public debt": {
|
||||
"text": "74.3% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 76.7% of GDP (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "71.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 74.6% of GDP (2014 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; the series are presented as a percentage of GDP and in millions of euro; GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product at current market prices; data expressed in national currency are converted into euro using end-of-year exchange rates provided by the European Central Bank"
|
||||
"text": "general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; the series are presented as a percentage of GDP and in millions of euros; GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product at current market prices; data expressed in national currency are converted into euros using end-of-year exchange rates provided by the European Central Bank"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Fiscal year": {
|
||||
"text": "calendar year"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
|
||||
"text": "0.8% (2014 est.) ++ 1.6% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0.1% (2015 est.) ++ 0.8% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Central bank discount rate": {
|
||||
"text": "0.75% (31 December 2013) ++ 1.5% (31 December 2010)",
|
||||
"text": "0.05% (31 December 2013) ++ 0.3% (31 December 2010)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Commercial bank prime lending rate": {
|
||||
"text": "2.47% (31 December 2014 est.) ++ 2.75% (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "1.84% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 2.47% (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of narrow money": {
|
||||
"text": "$1.841 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.944 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "$1.923 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.891 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -641,49 +639,54 @@
|
|||
"text": "$4.347 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $4.451 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of domestic credit": {
|
||||
"text": "$4.976 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $5.335 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$4.452 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.976 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Market value of publicly traded shares": {
|
||||
"text": "$1.486 trillion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $1.184 trillion (31 December 2011) ++ $1.43 trillion (31 December 2010 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$1.716 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.739 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.936 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Current account balance": {
|
||||
"text": "$286.4 billion (2014 est.) ++ $238.7 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$284.2 billion (2015 est.) ++ $282.9 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports": {
|
||||
"text": "$1.492 trillion (2014 est.) ++ $1.439 trillion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$1.309 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $1.48 trillion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "motor vehicles, machinery, chemicals, computer and electronic products, electrical equipment, pharmaceuticals, metals, transport equipment, foodstuffs, textiles, rubber and plastic products"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "France 9.6%, UK 7.9%, US 6.9%, Netherlands 6.9%, China 5.8%, Austria 5.3%, Italy 5.1%, Poland 4.5%, Switzerland 4.3% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "US 9.6%, France 8.6%, UK 7.5%, Netherlands 6.6%, China 6%, Italy 4.9%, Austria 4.8%, Poland 4.4%, Switzerland 4.2% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports": {
|
||||
"text": "$1.188 trillion (2014 est.) ++ $1.163 trillion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$1.017 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $1.18 trillion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "machinery, data processing equipment, vehicles, chemicals, oil and gas, metals, electric equipment, pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs, agricultural products"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "Netherlands 13.8%, France 8%, China 6.6%, Belgium 6.3%, Italy 5.4%, UK 4.8%, Poland 4.6%, Czech Republic 4.4%, Austria 4.3%, Switzerland 4.1% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "Netherlands 13.7%, France 7.6%, China 7.3%, Belgium 6%, Italy 5.2%, Poland 5%, US 4.7%, Czech Republic 4.5%, UK 4.2%, Austria 4.2%, Switzerland 4.2% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
|
||||
"text": "$192.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $198.2 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$173.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $192.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Debt - external": {
|
||||
"text": "$192.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $198.2 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$5.597 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $5.998 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": {
|
||||
"text": "$1.416 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.574 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$1.36 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.436 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": {
|
||||
"text": "$1.986 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $2.059 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$1.972 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.002 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exchange rates": {
|
||||
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.7489 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.) ++ 0.755 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.7752 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Energy": {
|
||||
"Electricity access": {
|
||||
"electrification - total population": {
|
||||
"text": "100% (2016)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - production": {
|
||||
"text": "585.2 billion kWh (2012 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -757,18 +760,18 @@
|
|||
"Communications": {
|
||||
"Telephones - fixed lines": {
|
||||
"total subscriptions": {
|
||||
"text": "47.02 million"
|
||||
"text": "45.352 million"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "58 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "56 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephones - mobile cellular": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "99.5 million"
|
||||
"text": "96.36 million"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "123 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "119 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephone system": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -779,31 +782,42 @@
|
|||
"text": "extensive system of automatic telephone exchanges connected by modern networks of fiber-optic cable, coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, and a domestic satellite system; cellular telephone service is widely available, expanding rapidly, and includes roaming service to many foreign countries"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"international": {
|
||||
"text": "country code - 49; Germany's international service is excellent worldwide, consisting of extensive land and undersea cable facilities as well as earth stations in the Inmarsat, Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik satellite systems (2011)"
|
||||
"text": "country code - 49; Germany's international service is excellent worldwide, consisting of extensive land and undersea cable facilities as well as earth stations in the Inmarsat, Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik satellite systems (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Broadcast media": {
|
||||
"text": "a mixture of publicly operated and privately owned TV and radio stations; national and regional public broadcasters compete with nearly 400 privately owned national and regional TV stations; more than 90% of households have cable or satellite TV; hundreds of radio stations including multiple national radio networks, regional radio networks, and a large number of local radio stations (2008)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Radio broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "AM 51, FM 787, shortwave 4 (1998)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Television broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "373 (plus 8,042 repeaters) (1995)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet country code": {
|
||||
"text": ".de"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "70.3 million"
|
||||
"text": "70.82 million"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "86.8% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "87.6% (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transportation": {
|
||||
"National air transport system": {
|
||||
"number of registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "20"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "1,113"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "115,540,886"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual freight traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "6,985,007,915 mt-km (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
|
||||
"text": "D (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports": {
|
||||
"text": "539 (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -838,7 +852,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "35"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": " ++ 185 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "185 (2013)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -904,39 +918,15 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military": {
|
||||
"Military and Security": {
|
||||
"Military branches": {
|
||||
"text": "Federal Armed Forces (Bundeswehr): Army (Heer), Navy (Deutsche Marine, includes naval air arm), Air Force (Luftwaffe), Joint Support Services (Streitkraeftebasis, SKB), Central Medical Service (Zentraler Sanitaetsdienst, ZSanDstBw) (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "17-23 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; conscription ended 1 July 2011; service obligation 8-23 months or 12 years; women have been eligible for voluntary service in all military branches and positions since 2001 (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower available for military service": {
|
||||
"males age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "18,529,299"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"females age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "17,888,543 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower fit for military service": {
|
||||
"males age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "15,027,886"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"females age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "14,510,527 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually": {
|
||||
"male": {
|
||||
"text": "405,438"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"female": {
|
||||
"text": "384,930 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "1.35% of GDP (2012) ++ 1.34% of GDP (2011) ++ 1.35% of GDP (2010)"
|
||||
"text": "1.18% of GDP (2015) ++ 1.35% of GDP (2012) ++ 1.34% of GDP (2011) ++ 1.35% of GDP (2010)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -945,10 +935,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "41,167 (Iraq); 40,994 (Syria); 27,814 (Afghanistan); 22,242 (Turkey); 18,814 (Iran); 9,294 (Serbia and Kosovo) (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "115,604 (Syria); 51,396 (Iraq); 30,026 (Afghanistan); 20,281 (Turkey); 19,763 (Iran); 10,980 (Eritrea); 9,157 (Serbia and Kosovo) (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "11,917 (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "12,569 (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Illicit drugs": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue