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nov/5 up
This commit is contained in:
Gerald Bauer
parent
780ac9e05b
commit
ca94e2fef5
261 changed files with 32420 additions and 31899 deletions
323
europe/en.json
323
europe/en.json
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@ -29,10 +29,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Area - comparative": {
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"text": "about twice the size of New Jersey",
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"Area comparison map": {
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"text": null
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}
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"text": "about twice the size of New Jersey"
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},
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"Land boundaries": {
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"total": {
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@ -59,12 +56,12 @@
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"Terrain": {
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"text": "marshy, lowlands; flat in the north, hilly in the south"
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},
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"Elevation extremes": {
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"lowest point": {
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"text": "Baltic Sea 0 m"
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"Elevation": {
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"mean elevation": {
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"text": "61 m"
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},
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"highest point": {
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"text": "Suur Munamagi 318 m"
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"elevation extremes": {
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"text": "lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m ++ highest point: Suur Munamagi 318 m"
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}
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},
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"Natural resources": {
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@ -82,18 +79,10 @@
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}
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},
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"Irrigated land": {
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"text": "4.58 sq km (2010)"
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"text": "40 sq km (2012)"
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "12.81 cu km (2011)"
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},
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"Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)": {
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"total": {
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"text": "1.8 cu km/yr (3%/97%/0%)"
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},
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"per capita": {
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"text": "1,337 cu m/yr (2009)"
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}
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"Population - distribution": {
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"text": "a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations"
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},
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"Natural hazards": {
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"text": "sometimes flooding occurs in the spring"
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@ -114,6 +103,9 @@
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}
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},
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"People and Society": {
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"Population": {
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"text": "1,258,545 (July 2016 est.)"
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},
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"Nationality": {
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"noun": {
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"text": "Estonian(s)"
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@ -131,27 +123,21 @@
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"Religions": {
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"text": "Lutheran 9.9%, Orthodox 16.2%, other Christian (including Methodist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal) 2.2%, other 0.9%, none 54.1%, unspecified 16.7% (2011 est.)"
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},
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"Population": {
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"text": "1,265,420 (July 2015 est.)"
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},
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"Age structure": {
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"0-14 years": {
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"text": "15.99% (male 103,855/female 98,478)"
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"text": "16.12% (male 104,011/female 98,809)"
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},
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"15-24 years": {
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"text": "9.74% (male 63,840/female 59,425)"
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"text": "9.3% (male 60,714/female 56,291)"
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},
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"25-54 years": {
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"text": "41.83% (male 265,496/female 263,873)"
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"text": "41.64% (male 263,762/female 260,334)"
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},
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"55-64 years": {
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"text": "13.32% (male 75,279/female 93,264)"
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"text": "13.47% (male 76,063/female 93,479)"
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},
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"65 years and over": {
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"text": "19.12% (male 81,525/female 160,385) (2015 est.)"
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},
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"population pyramid": {
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"text": null
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"text": "19.47% (male 82,968/female 162,114) (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Dependency ratios": {
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@ -170,26 +156,29 @@
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},
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"Median age": {
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"total": {
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"text": "42.1 years"
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"text": "42.4 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "38.7 years"
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"text": "39 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "45.5 years (2015 est.)"
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"text": "45.8 years (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Population growth rate": {
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"text": "-0.55% (2015 est.)"
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"text": "-0.54% (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Birth rate": {
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"text": "10.51 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "10.3 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Death rate": {
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"text": "12.4 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "12.5 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Net migration rate": {
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"text": "-3.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "-3.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Population distribution": {
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"text": "a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations"
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},
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"Urbanization": {
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"urban population": {
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@ -207,10 +196,10 @@
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"text": "1.05 male(s)/female"
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},
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"0-14 years": {
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"text": "1.06 male(s)/female"
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"text": "1.05 male(s)/female"
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},
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"15-24 years": {
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"text": "1.07 male(s)/female"
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"text": "1.08 male(s)/female"
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},
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"25-54 years": {
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"text": "1.01 male(s)/female"
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@ -222,36 +211,39 @@
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"text": "0.51 male(s)/female"
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},
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"total population": {
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"text": "0.87 male(s)/female (2015 est.)"
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"text": "0.88 male(s)/female (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
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"text": "26.5 (2013 est.)"
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},
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"Maternal mortality rate": {
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"text": "9 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Infant mortality rate": {
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"total": {
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"text": "3.85 deaths/1,000 live births"
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"text": "3.8 deaths/1,000 live births"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "3.73 deaths/1,000 live births"
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"text": "3.7 deaths/1,000 live births"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "3.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)"
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"text": "3.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Life expectancy at birth": {
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"total population": {
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"text": "76.47 years"
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"text": "76.7 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "71.64 years"
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"text": "71.9 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "81.53 years (2015 est.)"
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"text": "81.7 years (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Total fertility rate": {
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"text": "1.59 children born/woman (2015 est.)"
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"text": "1.6 children born/woman (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
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"text": "63.4%",
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@ -260,7 +252,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Health expenditures": {
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"text": "5.7% of GDP (2013)"
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"text": "6.4% of GDP (2014)"
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},
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"Physicians density": {
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"text": "3.24 physicians/1,000 population (2012)"
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@ -298,14 +290,14 @@
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"text": "intermediate"
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},
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"vectorborne diseases": {
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"text": "tickborne encephalitis (2013)"
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"text": "tickborne encephalitis (2016)"
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}
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},
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"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
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"text": "24.5% (2014)"
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},
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"Education expenditures": {
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"text": "5.2% of GDP (2011)"
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"text": "4.7% of GDP (2012)"
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},
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"Literacy": {
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"definition": {
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@ -323,24 +315,24 @@
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},
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"School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
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"total": {
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"text": "16 years"
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"text": "17 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "16 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "17 years (2012)"
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"text": "17 years (2013)"
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}
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},
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"Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": {
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"total": {
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"text": "20.9%"
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"text": "15%"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "23.4%"
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"text": "19.3%"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "17.9% (2012 est.)"
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"text": "10% (2014 est.)"
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}
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}
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},
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@ -360,6 +352,9 @@
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},
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"former": {
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"text": "Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic"
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},
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"etymology": {
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"text": "the country name may be derived from the Aesti, an ancient people who lived along the eastern Baltic Sea in the first centuries A.D."
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}
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},
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"Government type": {
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@ -392,7 +387,7 @@
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"text": "Independence Day, 24 February (1918); note - 24 February 1918 was the date Estonia declared its independence from Soviet Russia and established its statehood; 20 August 1991 was the date it declared its independence from the Soviet Union"
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},
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"Constitution": {
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"text": "several previous; latest adopted 28 June 1992; amended several times, last in 2015 (2015)"
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"text": "several previous; latest adopted 28 June 1992; amended several times, last in 2015 (2016)"
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},
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"Legal system": {
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"text": "civil law system"
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@ -401,8 +396,11 @@
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"text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
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},
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"Citizenship": {
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"birthright citizenship": {
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"text": "no, unless at least one parent is a citizen of Estonia"
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"citizenship by birth": {
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"text": "no"
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},
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"citizenship by descent only": {
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"text": "at least one parent must be a citizen of Estonia"
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},
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"dual citizenship recognized": {
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"text": "no"
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@ -416,7 +414,7 @@
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},
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"Executive branch": {
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"chief of state": {
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"text": "President Toomas Hendrik ILVES (since 9 October 2006)"
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"text": "President Kersti KALJULAID (since 10 October 2016)"
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},
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"head of government": {
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"text": "Taavi ROIVAS (since 26 March 2014)"
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@ -425,10 +423,10 @@
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"text": "Cabinet appointed by the prime minister, approved by Parliament"
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},
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"elections/appointments": {
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"text": "president indirectly elected by Parliament for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); if a candidate does not secure two-thirds of the votes after three rounds of balloting, then an electoral assembly of Parliament and local council members elects the president, choosing between the two candidates with the highest number of votes; election last held on 29 August 2011 (next to be held in the fall of 2016); prime minister nominated by the president and approved by Parliament"
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"text": "president indirectly elected by Parliament for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); if a candidate does not secure two-thirds of the votes after 3 rounds of balloting, then an electoral college consisting of Parliament members and local council members elects the president, choosing between the 2 candidates with the highest number of votes; election last held on 29-30 August 2016 but three rounds were inconclusive; two electoral college votes on 24 September 2016 were also indecisive, so the election passed back to Parliament; on 3 October the Parliament elected Kersti KALJULAID as president; prime minister nominated by the president and approved by Parliament"
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},
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"election results": {
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"text": "Toomas Hendrik ILVES reelected president; Parliament vote - Toomas Hendrik ILVES (independent) 73, Indrek TARAND (independent) 25"
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"text": "Kersti KALJULAID elected president; Parliament vote - Kersti KALJULAID (independent) 81 of 98 votes; note - KALJULAID is Estonia's first female president"
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}
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},
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"Legislative branch": {
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@ -444,17 +442,17 @@
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},
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"Judicial branch": {
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"highest court(s)": {
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"text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and organized into the Civil Chamber with a chamber chairman and 6 justices, the Criminal Chamber with a chamber chairman and 5 justices, the Administrative Law Chamber with a chamber chairman and 4 justices, and the Constitutional Review Chamber with 9 members - the chief justice and 2 justices from the Civil Chamber, 3 from the Criminal Chamber and 3 from the Administrative chamber)"
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"text": "Supreme Court (consists of 19 justices including the chief justice and organized into civil, criminal, administrative, and constitutional review chambers)"
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},
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"judge selection and term of office": {
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"text": "the chief justice is proposed by the president and appointed by the Riigikogu; other justices proposed by the chief justice and appointed by the Riigikogu; justices appointed for life"
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"text": "the chief justice is proposed by the president of the republic and appointed by the Riigikogu; other justices proposed by the chief justice and appointed by the Riigikogu; justices appointed for life"
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},
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"subordinate courts": {
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"text": "circuit (appellate) courts; administrative, county, city, and specialized courts"
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"text": "circuit (appellate) courts; administrative, county, city, and specialized courts"
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}
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},
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"Political parties and leaders": {
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"text": "Center Party of Estonia (Keskerakond) or K [Edgar SAVISAAR] ++ Estonian Conservative People's Party (Konservatiivne Rahvaerakond) or EKRE [Mart HELME] ++ Estonian Reform Party (Reformierakond) or RE [Taavi ROIVAS] ++ Free Party or EV [Andres HERKEL] ++ Social Democratic Party or SDE [Sven MIKSER] ++ Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica (Isamaa je Res Publica Liit) or IRL [Urmas REINSALU]"
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"text": "Center Party of Estonia (Keskerakond) or K [Edgar SAVISAAR] ++ Estonian Conservative People's Party (Konservatiivne Rahvaerakond) or EKRE [Mart HELME] ++ Estonian Reform Party (Reformierakond) or RE [Taavi ROIVAS] ++ Free Party or EV [Andres HERKEL] ++ Social Democratic Party or SDE [Jevgeni OSSINOVSKI] ++ Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica (Isamaa je Res Publica Liit) or IRL [Margus TSAHKNA]"
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},
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"International organization participation": {
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"text": "Australia Group, BA, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NATO, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
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@ -478,7 +476,7 @@
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},
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"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
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"chief of mission": {
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"text": "Ambassador Jeffrey D. LEVINE (since 24 July 2012)"
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"text": "Ambassador James D. MELVILLE Jr. (since 8 December 2015)"
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},
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"embassy": {
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"text": "Kentmanni 20, 15099 Tallinn"
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@ -513,71 +511,71 @@
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},
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"Economy": {
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"Economy - overview": {
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"text": "Estonia, a member of the European Union since 2004 and the euro zone since 2011, has a modern market-based economy and one of the higher per capita income levels in Central Europe and the Baltic region. Estonia's successive governments have pursued a free market, pro-business economic agenda and have wavered little in their commitment to pro-market reforms. The current government has followed sound fiscal policies that have resulted in balanced budgets and low public debt. The economy benefits from strong electronics and telecommunications sectors and strong trade ties with Finland, Sweden, and Germany. Estonia's economy fell into recession in mid-2008, as a result of an investment and consumption slump following the bursting of the real estate market bubble and a decrease in export demand as result of economic slowdown in the rest of Europe, but the economy recovered strongly in the five years up to 2014. Growth fell below 2% in 2014 as a consequence of weak EU and Russian growth. Estonia is challenged by a shortage of labor, both skilled and unskilled, and the government has amended its immigration law to allow easier hiring of highly qualified foreign workers."
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"text": "Estonia, a member of the EU since 2004 and the euro zone since 2011, has a modern market-based economy and one of the higher per capita income levels in Central Europe and the Baltic region. Estonia's successive governments have pursued a free market, pro-business economic agenda, and sound fiscal policies that have resulted in balanced budgets and low public debt. ++ ++ The economy benefits from strong electronics and telecommunications sectors and strong trade ties with Finland, Sweden, and Germany. After two years of robust recovery in 2011 and 2012, the Estonian economy faltered in 2013 with only 1.6% GDP growth, mainly due to continuing recession in much of the EU. GDP growth in 2014 was 2.9% but dropped to 1.2% in 2015 due to lower demand in key Scandinavian export markets. GDP growth is expected to be about 2.2% in 2016. ++ ++ Estonia is challenged by a shortage of labor, both skilled and unskilled, although the government has amended its immigration law to allow easier hiring of highly qualified foreign workers."
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},
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"GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
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"text": "$36.78 billion (2014 est.) ++ $35.75 billion (2013 est.) ++ $35.19 billion (2012 est.)",
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"text": "$37.63 billion (2015 est.) ++ $37.23 billion (2014 est.) ++ $36.18 billion (2013 est.)",
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"note": {
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"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
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"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
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}
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},
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"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
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"text": "$26.51 billion (2014 est.)"
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"text": "$22.7 billion (2015 est.)"
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},
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"GDP - real growth rate": {
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"text": "2.9% (2014 est.) ++ 1.6% (2013 est.) ++ 5.2% (2012 est.)"
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"text": "1.1% (2015 est.) ++ 2.9% (2014 est.) ++ 1.6% (2013 est.)"
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},
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"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
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"text": "$27,900 (2014 est.) ++ $27,100 (2013 est.) ++ $26,700 (2012 est.)",
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"text": "$28,700 (2015 est.) ++ $28,300 (2014 est.) ++ $27,400 (2013 est.)",
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"note": {
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"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
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"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
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}
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},
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"Gross national saving": {
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"text": "27.4% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 27.5% of GDP (2013 est.) ++ 27.7% of GDP (2012 est.)"
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"text": "26.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 27.5% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 27.7% of GDP (2013 est.)"
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},
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"GDP - composition, by end use": {
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"household consumption": {
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"text": "49.9%"
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"text": "50.3%"
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},
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"government consumption": {
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"text": "19.8%"
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||||
"text": "19.9%"
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},
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"investment in fixed capital": {
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"text": "25.2%"
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"text": "24.2%"
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},
|
||||
"investment in inventories": {
|
||||
"text": "3.9%"
|
||||
"text": "1.5%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"exports of goods and services": {
|
||||
"text": "83.9%"
|
||||
"text": "79.8%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"imports of goods and services": {
|
||||
"text": "-82.8% ++ (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-75.7% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
"text": "3.7%"
|
||||
"text": "3.5%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"industry": {
|
||||
"text": "28.2%"
|
||||
"text": "27.7%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"services": {
|
||||
"text": "68.2% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "68.8% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Agriculture - products": {
|
||||
"text": "grain, potatoes, vegetables; livestock and dairy products; fish"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Industries": {
|
||||
"text": "engineering, electronics, wood and wood products, textiles; information technology, telecommunications"
|
||||
"text": "food, engineering, electronics, wood and wood products, textiles; information technology, telecommunications"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Industrial production growth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "1.5% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-1.6% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force": {
|
||||
"text": "674,400 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "683,200 (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force - by occupation": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -591,10 +589,10 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Unemployment rate": {
|
||||
"text": "7.3% (2014 est.) ++ 8.6% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "6.2% (2015 est.) ++ 7.3% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Population below poverty line": {
|
||||
"text": "22.1% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "21.6% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
|
||||
"lowest 10%": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -605,24 +603,24 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Distribution of family income - Gini index": {
|
||||
"text": "32.9 (2013) ++ 37 (1999)"
|
||||
"text": "35.6 (2014) ++ 37 (1999)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$10.22 billion"
|
||||
"text": "$9.076 billion"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "$10.06 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$8.975 billion (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "38.5% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "40% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
|
||||
"text": "0.6% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0.4% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Public debt": {
|
||||
"text": "10.6% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 10.1% of GDP (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "9.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 10.4% of GDP (2014 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities, including sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government, and social security funds"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -631,13 +629,16 @@
|
|||
"text": "calendar year"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
|
||||
"text": "0.5% (2014 est.) ++ 3.2% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0.1% (2015 est.) ++ 0.5% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Central bank discount rate": {
|
||||
"text": "0.05% (31 December 2013) ++ 0.3% (31 December 2012)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Commercial bank prime lending rate": {
|
||||
"text": "4.76% (31 December 2014 est.) ++ 5.37% (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "4.48% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 4.76% (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of narrow money": {
|
||||
"text": "$10.19 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $9.91 billion (31 December 2013 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "$10.96 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $10.19 billion (31 December 2014 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -646,75 +647,80 @@
|
|||
"text": "$14.71 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $14.05 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of domestic credit": {
|
||||
"text": "$20.47 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $21.6 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$19.88 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $19.68 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Market value of publicly traded shares": {
|
||||
"text": "$2.332 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $1.611 billion (31 December 2011) ++ $2.26 billion (31 December 2010 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$2.034 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $2.591 billion (31 December 2013 est.) ++ $2.332 billion (31 December 2012 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Current account balance": {
|
||||
"text": "$19 million (2014 est.) ++ -$281 million (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$487 million (2015 est.) ++ $272 million (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports": {
|
||||
"text": "$14.96 billion (2014 est.) ++ $15.22 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$12.24 billion (2015 est.) ++ $15.18 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "machinery and electrical equipment 29%, food products and beverages 16%, mineral fuels 11%, wood and wood products 9%, metals 7%, furniture 7%, vehicles and parts 5%, textiles 4%, chemicals 5% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "machinery and electrical equipment 34%, food products and beverages 9%, mineral fuels 9%, wood and wood products 10%, metals 7%, furniture 9%, vehicles and parts 6%, chemicals 5% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "Sweden 18.5%, Finland 15.8%, Latvia 11.1%, Russia 10%, Lithuania 5.5%, Germany 5% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "Sweden 18.8%, Finland 16%, Latvia 10.4%, Russia 6.7%, Lithuania 5.9%, Germany 5.2%, Norway 4.1% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports": {
|
||||
"text": "$16.39 billion (2014 est.) ++ $16.55 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$13.19 billion (2015 est.) ++ $16.51 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "machinery and electrical equipment 28 %, mineral fuels 13%, food and food products 10%, chemical products 8%, metals 8%, plastics 5% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "machinery and electrical equipment 28 %, mineral fuels 11%, food and food products 10%, vehicles 9%, chemical products 8%, metals 8% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "Finland 15.5%, Germany 11.9%, Sweden 9.1%, Latvia 8.6%, Lithuania 8%, Poland 7.8%, Netherlands 5.6%, Russia 4.7%, China 4.5% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "Finland 14.5%, Germany 11%, Lithuania 9%, Sweden 8.5%, Latvia 8.3%, Poland 7.4%, Russia 6.1%, Netherlands 5.5%, China 4.8% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
|
||||
"text": "$436.8 million (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $314.4 million (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$414.8 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $436.8 million (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Debt - external": {
|
||||
"text": "$20.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $21.33 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$18.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $20.11 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": {
|
||||
"text": "$24.99 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $23.99 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$22.02 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $23.92 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": {
|
||||
"text": "$9.012 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $8.762 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$9.164 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $10.32 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exchange rates": {
|
||||
"text": "kroon (EEK) per US dollar - ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2013 est.) ++ 0.72 (2011 est.) ++ 11.81 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "kroon (EEK) per US dollar - ++ 0.9012 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2013 est.) ++ 0.72 (2011 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Energy": {
|
||||
"Electricity access": {
|
||||
"electrification - total population": {
|
||||
"text": "100% (2016)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - production": {
|
||||
"text": "11.34 billion kWh (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "12.44 billion kWh (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "8.22 billion kWh (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "7.417 billion kWh (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - exports": {
|
||||
"text": "6.301 billion kWh (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "6.484 billion kWh (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - imports": {
|
||||
"text": "2.712 billion kWh (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "3.73 billion kWh (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - installed generating capacity": {
|
||||
"text": "2.926 million kW (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "3.138 million kW (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - from fossil fuels": {
|
||||
"text": "84.8% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "87% of total installed capacity (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - from nuclear fuels": {
|
||||
"text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0% of total installed capacity (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - from hydroelectric plants": {
|
||||
"text": "0.3% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0.2% of total installed capacity (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - from other renewable sources": {
|
||||
"text": "14.9% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "12% of total installed capacity (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Crude oil - production": {
|
||||
"text": "0 bbl/day (2014 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -741,13 +747,13 @@
|
|||
"text": "31,140 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Natural gas - production": {
|
||||
"text": "0 cu m (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0 cu m (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Natural gas - consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "530 million cu m (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Natural gas - exports": {
|
||||
"text": "0 cu m (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0 cu m (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Natural gas - imports": {
|
||||
"text": "530 million cu m (2014 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -762,18 +768,18 @@
|
|||
"Communications": {
|
||||
"Telephones - fixed lines": {
|
||||
"total subscriptions": {
|
||||
"text": "410,000"
|
||||
"text": "387,607"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "32 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "31 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephones - mobile cellular": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "2.1 million"
|
||||
"text": "1.904 million"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "162 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "150 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephone system": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -781,34 +787,45 @@
|
|||
"text": "foreign investment in the form of joint business ventures greatly improved telephone service with a wide range of high-quality voice, data, and Internet services available"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"domestic": {
|
||||
"text": "substantial fiber-optic cable systems carry telephone, TV, and radio traffic in the digital mode; Internet services are widely available; schools and libraries are connected to the Internet, a large percentage of the population files income tax returns online, and online voting was used for the first time in the 2005 local elections"
|
||||
"text": "substantial fiber-optic cable systems carry telephone, TV, and radio traffic in the digital mode; Internet services are widely available; schools and libraries are connected to the Internet, a large percentage of the population files income tax returns online, and online voting - in local and parliamentary elections - has climbed steadily since first introduced in 2005"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"international": {
|
||||
"text": "country code - 372; fiber-optic cables to Finland, Sweden, Latvia, and Russia provide worldwide packet-switched service; 2 international switches are located in Tallinn (2011)"
|
||||
"text": "country code - 372; fiber-optic cables to Finland, Sweden, Latvia, and Russia provide worldwide packet-switched service; 2 international switches are located in Tallinn (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Broadcast media": {
|
||||
"text": "the publicly owned broadcaster, Eesti Rahvusringhaaling (ERR), operates 2 TV channels and 5 radio networks; growing number of private commercial radio stations broadcasting nationally, regionally, and locally; fully transitioned to digital television in 2010; national private TV channels expanding service; a range of channels are aimed at Russian-speaking viewers; high penetration rate for cable TV services with more than half of Estonian households connected (2008)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Radio broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "AM 0, FM 34, shortwave 0 (2009)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Television broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "15 (2008)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet country code": {
|
||||
"text": ".ee"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "1 million"
|
||||
"text": "1.119 million"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "81.6% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "88.4% (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transportation": {
|
||||
"National air transport system": {
|
||||
"number of registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "14"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "512,388"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual freight traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "870,362 mt-km (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
|
||||
"text": "ES (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports": {
|
||||
"text": "18 (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -840,7 +857,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": " ++ 3 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "3 (2013)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -894,39 +911,15 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military": {
|
||||
"Military and Security": {
|
||||
"Military branches": {
|
||||
"text": "Estonian Defense Forces (Eesti Kaitsevagi): Land Force (Maavagi), Navy (Merevagi), Air Force (Ohuvagi), Defense League (Kaitseliit) (2012)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18-27 for compulsory military or governmental service, conscript service requirement 8-11 months depending on education; NCOs, reserve officers, and specialists serve 11 months (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower available for military service": {
|
||||
"males age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "291,801"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"females age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "302,696 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower fit for military service": {
|
||||
"males age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "210,854"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"females age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "251,185 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually": {
|
||||
"male": {
|
||||
"text": "6,668"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"female": {
|
||||
"text": "6,309 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "2% of GDP (2013) ++ 1.92% of GDP (2012) ++ 1.69% of GDP (2011) ++ 1.92% of GDP (2010)"
|
||||
"text": "2% of GDP (2015) ++ 2% of GDP (2014) ++ 2% of GDP (2013) ++ 1.92% of GDP (2012) ++ 1.69% of GDP (2011) ++ 1.92% of GDP (2010)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -935,7 +928,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "88,076 (2014); note - following independence in 1991, automatic citizenship was restricted to those who were Estonian citizens prior to the 1940 Soviet occupation and their descendants; thousands of ethnic Russians remained stateless when forced to choose between passing Estonian language and citizenship tests or applying for Russian citizenship; one reason for demurring on Estonian citizenship was to retain the right of visa-free travel to Russia; stateless residents can vote in local elections but not general elections; stateless parents who have been lawful residents of Estonia for at least five years can apply for citizenship for their children before they turn 15"
|
||||
"text": "85,301 (2015); note - following independence in 1991, automatic citizenship was restricted to those who were Estonian citizens prior to the 1940 Soviet occupation and their descendants; thousands of ethnic Russians remained stateless when forced to choose between passing Estonian language and citizenship tests or applying for Russian citizenship; one reason for demurring on Estonian citizenship was to retain the right of visa-free travel to Russia; stateless residents can vote in local elections but not general elections; stateless parents who have been lawful residents of Estonia for at least five years can apply for citizenship for their children before they turn 15 years old"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Illicit drugs": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue