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Gerald Bauer
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296
europe/ei.json
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europe/ei.json
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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{
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"Introduction": {
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"Background": {
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"text": "Celtic tribes arrived on the island between 600 and 150 B.C. Invasions by Norsemen that began in the late 8th century were finally ended when King Brian BORU defeated the Danes in 1014. Norman invasions began in the 12th century and set off more than seven centuries of Anglo-Irish struggle marked by fierce rebellions and harsh repressions. The Irish famine of the mid-19th century saw the population of the island drop by one third through starvation and emigration. For more than a century after that the population of the island continued to fall only to begin growing again in the 1960s. Over the last 50 years, Ireland's high birthrate has made it demographically one of the youngest populations in the EU. The modern Irish state traces its origins to the failed 1916 Easter Monday Uprising that touched off several years of guerrilla warfare resulting in independence from the UK in 1921 for 26 southern counties; six northern counties remained part of the UK. Unresolved issues in Northern Ireland erupted into years of violence known as the \"Troubles\" that began in the 1960s. The Government of Ireland was part of a process along with the UK and US Governments that helped broker what is known as The Good Friday Agreement in Northern Ireland in 1998. This initiated a new phase of cooperation between the Irish and British Governments. Ireland was neutral in World War II and continues its policy of military neutrality. Ireland joined the European Community in 1973 and the euro zone currency union in 1999. The economic boom years of the Celtic Tiger (1995-2007) saw rapid economic growth, which came to an abrupt end in 2008 with the meltdown of the Irish banking system. Today the economy is recovering, fueled by large and growing foreign direct investment, especially from US multi-nationals."
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"text": "Celtic tribes arrived on the island between 600 and 150 B.C. Invasions by Norsemen that began in the late 8th century were finally ended when King Brian BORU defeated the Danes in 1014. Norman invasions began in the 12th century and set off more than seven centuries of Anglo-Irish struggle marked by fierce rebellions and harsh repressions. The Irish famine of the mid-19th century saw the population of the island drop by one third through starvation and emigration. For more than a century after that the population of the island continued to fall only to begin growing again in the 1960s. Over the last 50 years, Ireland's high birthrate has made it demographically one of the youngest populations in the EU. The modern Irish state traces its origins to the failed 1916 Easter Monday Uprising that touched off several years of guerrilla warfare resulting in independence from the UK in 1921 for 26 southern counties; six northern (Ulster) counties remained part of the UK. Unresolved issues in Northern Ireland erupted into years of violence known as the \"Troubles\" that began in the 1960s. The Government of Ireland was part of a process along with the UK and US Governments that helped broker what is known as The Good Friday Agreement in Northern Ireland in 1998. This initiated a new phase of cooperation between the Irish and British Governments. Ireland was neutral in World War II and continues its policy of military neutrality. Ireland joined the European Community in 1973 and the euro-zone currency union in 1999. The economic boom years of the Celtic Tiger (1995-2007) saw rapid economic growth, which came to an abrupt end in 2008 with the meltdown of the Irish banking system. Today the economy is recovering, fueled by large and growing foreign direct investment, especially from US multi-nationals."
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}
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},
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"Geography": {
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@ -26,10 +26,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Area - comparative": {
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"text": "slightly larger than West Virginia",
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"Area comparison map": {
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"text": null
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}
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"text": "slightly larger than West Virginia"
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},
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"Land boundaries": {
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"total": {
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@ -56,12 +53,12 @@
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"Terrain": {
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"text": "mostly flat to rolling interior plain surrounded by rugged hills and low mountains; sea cliffs on west coast"
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},
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"Elevation extremes": {
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"lowest point": {
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"text": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m"
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"Elevation": {
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"mean elevation": {
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"text": "118 m"
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},
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"highest point": {
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"text": "Carrauntoohil 1,041 m"
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"elevation extremes": {
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"text": "lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m ++ highest point: Carrauntoohil 1,041 m"
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}
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},
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"Natural resources": {
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@ -79,18 +76,10 @@
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}
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},
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"Irrigated land": {
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"text": "11 sq km (2003)"
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"text": "0 sq km (2012)"
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "52 cu km (2011)"
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},
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"Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)": {
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"total": {
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"text": "0.79 cu km/yr (94%/6%/0%)"
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},
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"per capita": {
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"text": "226.9 cu m/yr (2007)"
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}
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"Population - distribution": {
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"text": "population distribution is weighted to the eastern side of the island, with the largest agglomeration being in and around Dublin; populations in the west are small due to mountainous land, poorer soil, lack of good transport routes, and fewer job opportunities"
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},
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"Natural hazards": {
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"text": "NA"
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@ -111,6 +100,9 @@
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}
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},
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"People and Society": {
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"Population": {
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"text": "4,952,473 (July 2016 est.)"
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},
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"Nationality": {
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"noun": {
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"text": "Irishman(men), Irishwoman(women), Irish (collective plural)"
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@ -128,27 +120,21 @@
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"Religions": {
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"text": "Roman Catholic 84.7%, Church of Ireland 2.7%, other Christian 2.7%, Muslim 1.1%, other 1.7%, unspecified 1.5%, none 5.7% (2011 est.)"
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},
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"Population": {
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"text": "4,892,305 (July 2015 est.)"
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},
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"Age structure": {
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"0-14 years": {
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"text": "21.5% (male 537,239/female 514,369)"
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"text": "21.51% (male 544,506/female 520,934)"
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},
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"15-24 years": {
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"text": "11.84% (male 294,771/female 284,710)"
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"text": "11.8% (male 297,025/female 287,512)"
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},
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"25-54 years": {
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"text": "43.82% (male 1,076,579/female 1,067,193)"
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"text": "43.52% (male 1,082,577/female 1,072,721)"
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},
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"55-64 years": {
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"text": "10.23% (male 250,926/female 249,453)"
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"text": "10.33% (male 256,353/female 255,155)"
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},
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"65 years and over": {
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"text": "12.61% (male 284,399/female 332,666) (2015 est.)"
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},
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"population pyramid": {
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"text": null
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"text": "12.84% (male 293,577/female 342,113) (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Dependency ratios": {
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@ -167,26 +153,29 @@
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},
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"Median age": {
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"total": {
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"text": "36.1 years"
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"text": "36.4 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "35.8 years"
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"text": "36.1 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "36.4 years (2015 est.)"
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"text": "36.8 years (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Population growth rate": {
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"text": "1.25% (2015 est.)"
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"text": "1.2% (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Birth rate": {
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"text": "14.84 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "14.5 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Death rate": {
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"text": "6.48 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "6.5 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Net migration rate": {
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"text": "4.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Population distribution": {
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"text": "population distribution is weighted to the eastern side of the island, with the largest agglomeration being in and around Dublin; populations in the west are small due to mountainous land, poorer soil, lack of good transport routes, and fewer job opportunities"
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},
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"Urbanization": {
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"urban population": {
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@ -204,24 +193,27 @@
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"text": "1.06 male(s)/female"
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},
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"0-14 years": {
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"text": "1.04 male(s)/female"
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"text": "1.05 male(s)/female"
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},
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"15-24 years": {
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"text": "1.04 male(s)/female"
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"text": "1.03 male(s)/female"
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},
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"25-54 years": {
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"text": "1.01 male(s)/female"
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},
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"55-64 years": {
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"text": "1.01 male(s)/female"
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"text": "1 male(s)/female"
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},
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"65 years and over": {
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"text": "0.86 male(s)/female"
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},
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"total population": {
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"text": "1 male(s)/female (2015 est.)"
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"text": "1 male(s)/female (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
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"text": "29.9 (2012 est.)"
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},
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"Maternal mortality rate": {
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"text": "8 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)"
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},
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@ -230,25 +222,25 @@
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"text": "3.7 deaths/1,000 live births"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "4.07 deaths/1,000 live births"
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"text": "4 deaths/1,000 live births"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "3.32 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)"
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"text": "3.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Life expectancy at birth": {
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"total population": {
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"text": "80.68 years"
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"text": "80.8 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "78.39 years"
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"text": "78.5 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "83.11 years (2015 est.)"
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"text": "83.2 years (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Total fertility rate": {
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"text": "1.99 children born/woman (2015 est.)"
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"text": "1.98 children born/woman (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
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"text": "64.8%",
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@ -257,7 +249,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Health expenditures": {
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"text": "8.9% of GDP (2013)"
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"text": "7.8% of GDP (2014)"
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},
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"Physicians density": {
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"text": "2.67 physicians/1,000 population (2013)"
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@ -294,7 +286,7 @@
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"text": "27% (2014)"
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},
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"Education expenditures": {
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"text": "6.2% of GDP (2011)"
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"text": "5.8% of GDP (2012)"
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},
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"School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
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"total": {
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@ -304,18 +296,18 @@
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"text": "19 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "18 years (2012)"
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"text": "19 years (2012)"
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}
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},
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"Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": {
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"total": {
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"text": "24%"
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"text": "23.9%"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "36.4%"
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"text": "26.6%"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "24% (2012 est.)"
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"text": "20.9% (2014 est.)"
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}
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}
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},
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@ -332,10 +324,13 @@
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},
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"local short form": {
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"text": "Eire"
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},
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"etymology": {
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"text": "the modern Irish name \"Eire\" evolved from the Gaelic \"Eriu,\" the name of the matron goddess of Ireland (goddess of the land); the names \"Ireland\" in English and \"Eire\" in Irish are direct translations of each other"
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}
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},
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"Government type": {
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"text": "republic, parliamentary democracy"
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"text": "parliamentary republic"
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},
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"Capital": {
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"name": {
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@ -361,23 +356,26 @@
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"text": "Saint Patrick's Day, 17 March"
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},
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"Constitution": {
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"text": "previous 1922; latest drafted 14 June 1937, adopted by plebiscite 1 July 1937, effective 29 December 1937; amended many times, last in 2015 (2015)"
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"text": "previous 1922; latest drafted 14 June 1937, adopted by plebiscite 1 July 1937, effective 29 December 1937; amended many times, last in 2015 (2016)"
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},
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"Legal system": {
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"text": "common law system based on the English model but substantially modified by customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court"
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"text": "common law system based on the English model but substantially modified by customary law; judicial review of legislative acts by Supreme Court"
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},
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"International law organization participation": {
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"text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
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},
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"Citizenship": {
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"birthright citizenship": {
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"text": ""
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"citizenship by birth": {
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"text": "yes"
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},
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"citizenship by descent": {
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"text": "yes"
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},
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"dual citizenship recognized": {
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"text": "yes"
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},
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"residency requirement for naturalization": {
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"text": ""
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"text": "4 of the previous 8 years"
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}
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},
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"Suffrage": {
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@ -388,10 +386,10 @@
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"text": "President Michael D. HIGGINS (since 11 November 2011)"
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},
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"head of government": {
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"text": "Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Enda KENNY (since 9 March 2011)"
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"text": "Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Enda KENNY (since 9 March 2011); KENNY resigns 9 March 2016; reelected prime minister on 6 May 2016"
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},
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"cabinet": {
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"text": "Cabinet nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president, approved by the lower house of Parliament"
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"text": "Cabinet nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president, approved by the Dali Eireann (lower house of Parliament)"
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},
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"elections/appointments": {
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"text": "president directly elected by majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 29 October 2011 (next to be held in October 2018); taoiseach (prime minister) nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann), appointed by the president"
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@ -402,13 +400,13 @@
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},
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"Legislative branch": {
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"description": {
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"text": "bicameral Parliament or Oireachtas consists of the Senate or Seanad Eireann (60 seats; 43 members indirectly elected by panels of various vocational interests, 11 appointed by the prime minister, and 6 elected by graduates of the University of Dublin and the National University of Ireland; members serve 5-year terms) and the Parliament or Dail Eireann (166 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
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"text": "bicameral Parliament or Oireachtas consists of the Senate or Seanad Eireann (60 seats; 43 members indirectly elected by panels of various vocational interests, 11 appointed by the prime minister, and 6 elected by graduates of the University of Dublin and the National University of Ireland; members serve 5-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Dail Eireann (166 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
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},
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"elections": {
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"text": "Senate - last held in 27 April 2011 (next to be held probably in 2016); House of Representatives - last held on 25 February 2011 (next to be held probably in 2016)"
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"text": "Senate - last held in 27 April 2011 (next to be held probably in 2016); House of Representatives - last held on 26 February 2016 (next to be held probably in 2021)"
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},
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"election results": {
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"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Fine Gael 19, Fianna Fail 14, Labor Party 12, Sinn Fein 3, independent 12; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - Fine Gael 36.1%, Labor Party 19.5%, Fianna Fail 17.5%, Sinn Fein 9.9%, United Left Alliance 2.6%, independent and other 14.4%; seats by party - Fine Gael 76, Labor Party 37, Fianna Fail 20, Sinn Fein 14, United Left Alliance 5, independent 14"
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"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Fine Gael 19, Fianna Fail 14, Labor Party 12, Sinn Fein 3, independent 12; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - Fine Gael 25.5%, Fianna Fail 24.4%, Sinn Fein 13.8%, Labor Party 6.6%, AAA-PBD 4.0%, Social Democrats 3.0%, Green Party 2.7%, Renua Irland 2.2% independents 17.8%; seats by party - Fine Gael 50, Fianna Fail 44, Sinn Fein 23, Labor Party 7, AAA-PBP 6, Social Democrats 3, Green Party 2, independent 23"
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}
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},
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"Judicial branch": {
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@ -423,10 +421,10 @@
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}
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},
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"Political parties and leaders": {
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"text": "Fianna Fail [Micheal MARTIN] ++ Fine Gael [Enda KENNY] ++ Green Party [Eamon RYAN] ++ Labor (Labour) Party [Joan BURTON] ++ Renua Ireland [Lucinda CREIGHTON] ++ Sinn Fein [Gerry ADAMS] ++ Socialist Party [collective leadership] ++ The Workers' Party [Michael DONNELLY]"
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"text": "Anti-Austerity Alliance-People Before Profit or AAA-PBP [collective leadership] ++ Fianna Fail [Micheal MARTIN] ++ Fine Gael [Enda KENNY] ++ Green Party [Eamon RYAN] ++ Labor (Labour) Party [Joan BURTON] ++ Renua Ireland [Lucinda CREIGHTON] ++ Sinn Fein [Gerry ADAMS] ++ Social Democratic Party [Stephen DONNELLY, Catherine MURPHY, Roisin SHORTALL] ++ Socialist Party [collective leadership] ++ The Workers' Party [Michael DONNELLY]"
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},
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"Political pressure groups and leaders": {
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"text": "Continuity IRA (terrorist group) ++ Families Acting for Innocent Relatives or FAIR [Brian MCCONNELL] (seek compensation for victims of violence); ++ Iona Institute [David QUINN] (a conservative Catholic think tank) ++ Irish Anti-War Movement [Richard BOYD BARRETT] (campaigns against wars around the world) ++ Keep Ireland Open (environmental group) ++ Oglaigh na hEireann (terrorist group) ++ Midland Railway Action Group or MRAG [Willie ALLEN] (transportation promoters) ++ New Irish Republican Army (terrorist group combining elements of the former Real IRA and Republican Action Against Drugs) ++ Peace and Neutrality Alliance [Roger COLE] (campaigns to protect Irish neutrality) ++ Rail Users Ireland (formerly the Platform 11 - transportation promoters) ++ 32 Country Sovereignty Movement or 32CSM (supports unifying Northern Ireland with the rest of the island under Irish government sovereignty)"
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"text": "Continuity IRA (terrorist group) ++ Families Acting for Innocent Relatives or FAIR [Brian MCCONNELL] (seek compensation for victims of violence) ++ Iona Institute [David QUINN] (a conservative Catholic think tank) ++ Irish Anti-War Movement [Richard BOYD BARRETT] (campaigns against wars around the world) ++ Keep Ireland Open (environmental group) ++ Oglaigh na hEireann (terrorist group) ++ Midland Railway Action Group or MRAG [Willie ALLEN] (transportation promoters) ++ New Irish Republican Army (terrorist group combining elements of the former Real IRA and Republican Action Against Drugs) ++ Peace and Neutrality Alliance [Roger COLE] (campaigns to protect Irish neutrality) ++ Rail Users Ireland (formerly the Platform 11 - transportation promoters) ++ 32 Country Sovereignty Movement or 32CSM (supports unifying Northern Ireland with the rest of the island under Irish government sovereignty)"
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},
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"International organization participation": {
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"text": "ADB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOCI, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
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@ -488,58 +486,58 @@
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},
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"Economy": {
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"Economy - overview": {
|
||||
"text": "Ireland is a small, modern, trade-dependent economy. Ireland was among the initial group of 12 EU nations that began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002. GDP growth averaged 6% in 1995-2007, but economic activity dropped sharply during the world financial crisis and the subsequent collapse of its domestic property market and construction industry. Faced with sharply reduced revenues and a burgeoning budget deficit from efforts to stabilize its fragile banking sector, the Irish Government introduced the first in a series of draconian budgets in 2009. These measures were not sufficient to stabilize Ireland’s public finances. In 2010, the budget deficit reached 32.4% of GDP - the world's largest deficit, as a percentage of GDP. In late 2010, the former COWEN government agreed to a $92 billion loan package from the EU and IMF to help Dublin recapitalize Ireland’s banking sector and avoid defaulting on its sovereign debt. In March 2011, the KENNY government intensified austerity measures to meet the deficit targets under Ireland's EU-IMF bailout program. In late 2013, Ireland formally exited its EU-IMF bailout program, benefiting from its strict adherence to deficit-reduction targets and success in refinancing a large amount of banking-related debt. In 2014, the economy rapidly picked up and GDP grew by 3.6%. The recovering economy assisted lowering the deficit to 4.2% of GDP. In late 2014, the government introduced a fiscally neutral budget, marking the end of the austerity program. In the wake of the collapse of the construction sector and the downturn in consumer spending and business investment, the export sector, dominated by foreign multinationals, has become an even more important component of Ireland's economy. Ireland’s low corporation tax of 12.5% has been central to encouraging business investment. Loose tax residency requirements made Ireland a common destination for international firms seeking to avoid taxation. Amid growing international pressure the government announced it would phase in more stringent tax laws, effectively closing a loophole."
|
||||
"text": "Ireland is a small, modern, trade-dependent economy. Ireland was among the initial group of 12 EU nations that began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002. ++ ++ GDP growth averaged 6% in 1995-2007, but economic activity dropped sharply during the world financial crisis and the subsequent collapse of its domestic property market and construction industry. Faced with sharply reduced revenues and a burgeoning budget deficit from efforts to stabilize its fragile banking sector, the Irish Government introduced the first in a series of draconian budgets in 2009. These measures were not sufficient to stabilize Ireland’s public finances. In 2010, the budget deficit reached 32.4% of GDP - the world's largest deficit, as a percentage of GDP. In late 2010, the former COWEN government agreed to a $92 billion loan package from the EU and IMF to help Dublin recapitalize Ireland’s banking sector and avoid defaulting on its sovereign debt. In March 2011, the KENNY government intensified austerity measures to meet the deficit targets under Ireland's EU-IMF bailout program. ++ ++ In late 2013, Ireland formally exited its EU-IMF bailout program, benefiting from its strict adherence to deficit-reduction targets and success in refinancing a large amount of banking-related debt. In 2014, the economy rapidly picked up and GDP grew by 5.2%. The recovering economy assisted lowering the deficit to 2.5% of GDP. In late 2014, the government introduced a fiscally neutral budget, marking the end of the austerity program. Continued growth of tax receipts has allowed the government to lower some taxes and increase public spending while keeping to its deficit-reduction targets. In 2015, GDP growth reached 7.8%, the highest growth in the EU for the second consecutive year. ++ ++ In the wake of the collapse of the construction sector and the downturn in consumer spending and business investment, the export sector, dominated by foreign multinationals, has become an even more important component of Ireland's economy. Ireland’s low corporation tax of 12.5% and a talented pool of high-tech laborers have been key factors in encouraging business investment. Loose tax residency requirements made Ireland a common destination for international firms seeking to avoid taxation. Amid growing international pressure, the government announced it would phase in more stringent tax laws, effectively closing a loophole."
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
|
||||
"text": "$236.4 billion (2014 est.) ++ $224.7 billion (2013 est.) ++ $221.5 billion (2012 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "$305 billion (2015 est.) ++ $241.6 billion (2014 est.) ++ $222.7 billion (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
|
||||
"text": "$250.8 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$283.7 billion (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - real growth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "5.2% (2014 est.) ++ 1.4% (2013 est.) ++ 0.2% (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "26.3% (2015 est.) ++ 8.5% (2014 est.) ++ 1.1% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
|
||||
"text": "$51,300 (2014 est.) ++ $48,700 (2013 est.) ++ $48,100 (2012 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "$65,800 (2015 est.) ++ $52,400 (2014 est.) ++ $48,500 (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving": {
|
||||
"text": "23.1% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 19.5% of GDP (2013 est.) ++ 17.1% of GDP (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "31.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 23.6% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 20.7% of GDP (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
|
||||
"household consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "47%"
|
||||
"text": "36.1%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"government consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "14.4%"
|
||||
"text": "10.6%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"investment in fixed capital": {
|
||||
"text": "19.3%"
|
||||
"text": "21.1%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"investment in inventories": {
|
||||
"text": "1%"
|
||||
"text": "0.5%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"exports of goods and services": {
|
||||
"text": "113.7%"
|
||||
"text": "124%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"imports of goods and services": {
|
||||
"text": "-95.4% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-92.3% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
"text": "1.6%"
|
||||
"text": "1%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"industry": {
|
||||
"text": "25.6%"
|
||||
"text": "41.7%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"services": {
|
||||
"text": "72.8% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "57.3% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Agriculture - products": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -549,27 +547,27 @@
|
|||
"text": "pharmaceuticals, chemicals, computer hardware and software, food products, beverages and brewing; medical devices"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Industrial production growth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "6.8% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "3% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force": {
|
||||
"text": "2.157 million (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "2.171 million (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force - by occupation": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
"text": "5%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"industry": {
|
||||
"text": "19%"
|
||||
"text": "11%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"services": {
|
||||
"text": "76% (2011 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "84% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Unemployment rate": {
|
||||
"text": "11.3% (2014 est.) ++ 13.1% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "9.4% (2015 est.) ++ 11.3% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Population below poverty line": {
|
||||
"text": "5.5% (2009 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "8.2% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
|
||||
"lowest 10%": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -580,45 +578,45 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Distribution of family income - Gini index": {
|
||||
"text": "33.9 (2010) ++ 35.9 (1987)"
|
||||
"text": "31.3 (2013 est.) ++ 35.9 (1987 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$85.97 billion"
|
||||
"text": "$78.42 billion"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "$96.11 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$84.07 billion (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "34.3% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "32.9% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
|
||||
"text": "-4% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-2.4% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Public debt": {
|
||||
"text": "107.6% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 117.9% of GDP (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "101.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 107.6% of GDP (2014 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions"
|
||||
"text": "data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Fiscal year": {
|
||||
"text": "calendar year"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
|
||||
"text": "0.3% (2014 est.) ++ 0.5% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0% (2015 est.) ++ 0.3% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Central bank discount rate": {
|
||||
"text": "0.75% (31 December 2013) ++ 1.5% (31 December 2010)",
|
||||
"text": "0.05% (31 December 2015) ++ 0.15% (31 August 2014)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Commercial bank prime lending rate": {
|
||||
"text": "3.41% (31 December 2014 est.) ++ 3.28% (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "3.4% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 3.41% (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of narrow money": {
|
||||
"text": "$143.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $158.9 billion (31 December 2013 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "$140.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $143.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -627,49 +625,54 @@
|
|||
"text": "$255.3 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $267.4 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of domestic credit": {
|
||||
"text": "$380.3 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $477.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$340.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $380.3 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Market value of publicly traded shares": {
|
||||
"text": "$109 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $108.1 billion (31 December 2011) ++ $60.45 billion (31 December 2010 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$128 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $143.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $170.1 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Current account balance": {
|
||||
"text": "$9.08 billion (2014 est.) ++ $7.379 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$29.02 billion (2015 est.) ++ $4.256 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports": {
|
||||
"text": "$144.8 billion (2014 est.) ++ $116.1 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$125.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $123.1 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "machinery and equipment, computers, chemicals, medical devices, pharmaceuticals; foodstuffs, animal products"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "US 20.6%, UK 16%, Belgium 14.1%, Germany 6.8%, Switzerland 6.3%, France 5.6%, Netherlands 4.1% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "US 23.7%, UK 13.8%, Belgium 13.2%, Germany 6.6%, Switzerland 5.5%, Netherlands 4.4%, France 4.4% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports": {
|
||||
"text": "$84.38 billion (2014 est.) ++ $66.1 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$75.73 billion (2015 est.) ++ $80.88 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "data processing equipment, other machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum and petroleum products, textiles, clothing"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "UK 38.8%, US 10.3%, Germany 8.5%, Netherlands 6.2%, China 4% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "UK 32.5%, US 14%, France 10.2%, Germany 9.3%, Netherlands 4.9%, China 4.1% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
|
||||
"text": "$1.748 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.635 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Debt - external": {
|
||||
"text": "$1.748 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.635 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$1.96 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $2.078 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": {
|
||||
"text": "$831.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $788.5 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$878.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $831.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": {
|
||||
"text": "$939.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $913.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$961.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $939.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exchange rates": {
|
||||
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.7489 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.) ++ 0.755 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Energy": {
|
||||
"Electricity access": {
|
||||
"electrification - total population": {
|
||||
"text": "100% (2016)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - production": {
|
||||
"text": "25.85 billion kWh (2012 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -743,18 +746,18 @@
|
|||
"Communications": {
|
||||
"Telephones - fixed lines": {
|
||||
"total subscriptions": {
|
||||
"text": "2.02 million"
|
||||
"text": "1,932,059"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "42 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "39 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephones - mobile cellular": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "4.9 million"
|
||||
"text": "4.902 million"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "101 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "100 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephone system": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -771,25 +774,36 @@
|
|||
"Broadcast media": {
|
||||
"text": "publicly owned broadcaster Radio Telefis Eireann (RTE) operates 2 TV stations; commercial TV stations are available; about 75% of households utilize multi-channel satellite and TV services that provide access to a wide range of stations; RTE operates 4 national radio stations and has launched digital audio broadcasts on several stations; a number of commercial broadcast stations operate at the national, regional, and local levels (2014)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Radio broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "AM 9, FM 106, shortwave 0 (1998)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Television broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "4 (many repeaters) (2008)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet country code": {
|
||||
"text": ".ie"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "3.9 million"
|
||||
"text": "3.92 million"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "81.6% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "80.1% (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transportation": {
|
||||
"National air transport system": {
|
||||
"number of registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "6"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "431"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "113,144,501"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual freight traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "138.58 million mt-km (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
|
||||
"text": "EI (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports": {
|
||||
"text": "40 (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -824,7 +838,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": " ++ 21 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "21 (2013)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Pipelines": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -868,7 +882,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Ports and terminals": {
|
||||
"major seaport(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "Dublin, Shannon Foynes,"
|
||||
"text": "Dublin, Shannon Foynes"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"river port(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "Cork (Lee), Waterford (Suir)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -878,37 +892,13 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military": {
|
||||
"Military and Security": {
|
||||
"Military branches": {
|
||||
"text": "Irish Defence Forces (Oglaigh na h-Eireannn), Permanent Defence Forces (PDF): Army, Naval Service, Air Corps; Reserve Defence Forces (RDF): Army, Naval Service Reserves (2014)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18-25 years of age for male and female voluntary military service recruits to the Permanent Defence Forces (PDF; 18-27 years of age for the Naval Service); 18-28 for cadetship (officer) applicants; 18-35 years of age for the Reserve Defence Forces (RDF); maximum obligation 12 years (PDF officers), 5 years (PDF enlisted), 3 years RDF (4 years for Naval Service Reserves); EU citizenship, refugee status, or 5-year residence in Ireland required (2014)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower available for military service": {
|
||||
"males age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "1,179,125"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"females age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "1,163,728 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower fit for military service": {
|
||||
"males age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "977,631"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"females age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "965,900 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually": {
|
||||
"male": {
|
||||
"text": "28,564"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"female": {
|
||||
"text": "27,197 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "0.49% of GDP (2014) ++ 0.51% of GDP (2013) ++ 0.55% of GDP (2012) ++ 0.59% of GDP (2011) ++ 0.55% of GDP (2010)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -919,7 +909,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "99 (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "99 (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Illicit drugs": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue