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Gerald Bauer
parent
780ac9e05b
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261 changed files with 32420 additions and 31899 deletions
356
europe/au.json
356
europe/au.json
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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{
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"Introduction": {
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"Background": {
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"text": "Once the center of power for the large Austro-Hungarian Empire, Austria was reduced to a small republic after its defeat in World War I. Following annexation by Nazi Germany in 1938 and subsequent occupation by the victorious Allies in 1945, Austria's status remained unclear for a decade. A State Treaty signed in 1955 ended the occupation, recognized Austria's independence, and forbade unification with Germany. A constitutional law that same year declared the country's \"perpetual neutrality\" as a condition for Soviet military withdrawal. The Soviet Union's collapse in 1991 and Austria's entry into the European Union in 1995 have altered the meaning of this neutrality. A prosperous, democratic country, Austria entered the EU Economic and Monetary Union in 1999."
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"text": "Once the center of power for the large Austro-Hungarian Empire, Austria was reduced to a small republic after its defeat in World War I. Following annexation by Nazi Germany in 1938 and subsequent occupation by the victorious Allies in 1945, Austria's status remained unclear for a decade. A State Treaty signed in 1955 ended the occupation, recognized Austria's independence, and forbade unification with Germany. A constitutional law that same year declared the country's \"perpetual neutrality\" as a condition for Soviet military withdrawal. The Soviet Union's collapse in 1991 and Austria's entry into the EU in 1995 have altered the meaning of this neutrality. A prosperous, democratic country, Austria entered the EU Economic and Monetary Union in 1999."
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}
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},
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"Geography": {
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@ -26,10 +26,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Area - comparative": {
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"text": "about the size of South Carolina; slightly more than two-thirds the size of Pennsylvania",
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"Area comparison map": {
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"text": null
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}
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"text": "about the size of South Carolina; slightly more than two-thirds the size of Pennsylvania"
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},
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"Land boundaries": {
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"total": {
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@ -51,12 +48,12 @@
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"Terrain": {
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"text": "mostly mountains (Alps) in the west and south; mostly flat or gently sloping along the eastern and northern margins"
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},
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"Elevation extremes": {
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"lowest point": {
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"text": "Neusiedler See 115 m"
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"Elevation": {
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"mean elevation": {
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"text": "910 m"
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},
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"highest point": {
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"text": "Grossglockner 3,798 m"
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"elevation extremes": {
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"text": "lowest point: Neusiedler See 115 m ++ highest point: Grossglockner 3,798 m"
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}
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},
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"Natural resources": {
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@ -74,18 +71,10 @@
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}
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},
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"Irrigated land": {
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"text": "1,170 sq km (2007)"
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"text": "1,170 sq km (2012)"
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "77.7 cu km (2011)"
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},
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"Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)": {
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"total": {
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"text": "3.66 cu km/yr (18%/79%/3%)"
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},
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"per capita": {
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"text": "452.4 cu m/yr (2008)"
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}
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"Population - distribution": {
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"text": "the northern and eastern portions of the country are more densely populated; nearly two-thirds of the populace lives in urban areas"
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},
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"Natural hazards": {
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"text": "landslides; avalanches; earthquakes"
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@ -106,6 +95,9 @@
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}
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},
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"People and Society": {
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"Population": {
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"text": "8,711,770 (July 2016 est.)"
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},
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"Nationality": {
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"noun": {
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"text": "Austrian(s)"
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@ -115,35 +107,29 @@
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}
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},
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"Ethnic groups": {
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"text": "Austrians 91.1%, former Yugoslavs 4% (includes Croatians, Slovenes, Serbs, and Bosniaks), Turks 1.6%, German 0.9%, other or unspecified 2.4% (2001 census)"
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"text": "Austrians 91.1%, former Yugoslavs 4% (includes Croatians, Slovenes, Serbs, and Bosniaks), Turks 1.6%, Germans 0.9%, other or unspecified 2.4% (2001 census)"
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},
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"Languages": {
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"text": "German (official nationwide) 88.6%, Turkish 2.3%, Serbian 2.2%, Croatian (official in Burgenland) 1.6%, other (includes Slovene, official in South Carinthia, and Hungarian, official in Burgenland) 5.3% (2001 est.)"
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},
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"Religions": {
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"text": "Catholic 73.8% (includes Roman Catholic 73.6%, other Catholic .2%), Protestant 4.9%, Muslim 4.2%, Orthodox 2.2%, other 0.8% (includes other Christian), none 12%, unspecified 2% (2001 est.)"
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},
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"Population": {
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"text": "8,665,550 (July 2015 est.)"
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"text": "Catholic 73.8% (includes Roman Catholic 73.6%, other Catholic 0.2%), Protestant 4.9%, Muslim 4.2%, Orthodox 2.2%, other 0.8% (includes other Christian), none 12%, unspecified 2% (2001 est.)"
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},
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"Age structure": {
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"0-14 years": {
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"text": "14.05% (male 622,856/female 594,349)"
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"text": "14.02% (male 625,391/female 596,310)"
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},
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"15-24 years": {
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"text": "11.55% (male 510,614/female 490,390)"
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"text": "11.33% (male 503,333/female 483,748)"
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},
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"25-54 years": {
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"text": "42.98% (male 1,861,777/female 1,862,705)"
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"text": "42.71% (male 1,859,985/female 1,860,641)"
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},
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"55-64 years": {
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"text": "12.51% (male 535,691/female 548,022)"
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"text": "12.85% (male 554,191/female 565,189)"
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},
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"65 years and over": {
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"text": "18.92% (male 706,288/female 932,858) (2015 est.)"
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},
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"population pyramid": {
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"text": null
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"text": "19.09% (male 719,012/female 943,970) (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Dependency ratios": {
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@ -162,26 +148,29 @@
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},
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"Median age": {
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"total": {
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"text": "43.6 years"
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"text": "43.8 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "42.5 years"
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"text": "42.7 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "44.6 years (2015 est.)"
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"text": "44.9 years (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Population growth rate": {
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"text": "0.55% (2015 est.)"
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"text": "0.51% (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Birth rate": {
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"text": "9.41 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "9.5 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Death rate": {
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"text": "9.42 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "9.5 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Net migration rate": {
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"text": "5.56 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "5.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Population distribution": {
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"text": "the northern and eastern portions of the country are more densely populated; nearly two-thirds of the populace lives in urban areas"
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},
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"Urbanization": {
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"urban population": {
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@ -214,36 +203,39 @@
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"text": "0.76 male(s)/female"
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},
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"total population": {
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"text": "0.96 male(s)/female (2015 est.)"
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"text": "0.96 male(s)/female (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
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"text": "28.5 (2011 est.)"
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},
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"Maternal mortality rate": {
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"text": "4 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Infant mortality rate": {
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"total": {
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"text": "3.45 deaths/1,000 live births"
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"text": "3.4 deaths/1,000 live births"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "3.82 deaths/1,000 live births"
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"text": "3.8 deaths/1,000 live births"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "3.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)"
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"text": "3.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Life expectancy at birth": {
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"total population": {
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"text": "81.39 years"
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"text": "81.5 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "78.76 years"
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"text": "78.9 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "84.15 years (2015 est.)"
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"text": "84.3 years (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Total fertility rate": {
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"text": "1.46 children born/woman (2015 est.)"
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"text": "1.47 children born/woman (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
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"text": "69.6%",
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@ -252,7 +244,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Health expenditures": {
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"text": "11% of GDP (2013)"
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"text": "11.2% of GDP (2014)"
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},
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"Physicians density": {
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"text": "4.83 physicians/1,000 population (2011)"
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@ -289,28 +281,28 @@
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"text": "20.1% (2014)"
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},
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"Education expenditures": {
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"text": "5.8% of GDP (2011)"
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"text": "5.6% of GDP (2013)"
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},
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"School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
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"total": {
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"text": "16 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "15 years"
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"text": "16 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "16 years (2012)"
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"text": "16 years (2014)"
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}
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},
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"Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": {
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"total": {
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"text": "8.7%"
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"text": "10.3%"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "8.8%"
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"text": "10.6%"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "8.7% (2012 est.)"
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"text": "9.9% (2014 est.)"
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}
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}
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},
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@ -328,12 +320,12 @@
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"local short form": {
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"text": "Oesterreich"
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},
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"note": {
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"text": "the name Oesterreich means \"eastern realm\" or \"eastern march\" and dates back to the 10th century; the designation refers to the fact that Austria was the easternmost extension of Bavaria, and in fact of all the Germans; the word Austria is a Latinization of the German name"
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"etymology": {
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"text": "the name Oesterreich means \"eastern realm\" or \"eastern march\" and dates to the 10th century; the designation refers to the fact that Austria was the easternmost extension of Bavaria, and in fact of all the Germans; the word Austria is a Latinization of the German name"
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}
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},
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"Government type": {
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"text": "federal republic"
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"text": "federal parliamentary republic"
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},
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"Capital": {
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"name": {
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"text": "National Day, 26 October (1955); note - commemorates the passage of the law on permanent neutrality"
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},
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"Constitution": {
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"text": "several previous; latest adopted 1 October 1920, revised 1929, replaced May 1934 (authoritarian-corporate constitution), replaced by German Weimar constitution in 1938 following German annexation; latest reinstated 1 May 1945 (1920 constitution with 1929 revisions); amended many times, last in 2015 (2015)"
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"text": "several previous; latest adopted 1 October 1920, revised 1929, replaced May 1934 (authoritarian-corporate constitution), replaced by German Weimar constitution in 1938 following German annexation; latest reinstated 1 May 1945 (1920 constitution with 1929 revisions); amended many times, last in 2014 (2016)"
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},
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"Legal system": {
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"text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts by the Constitutional Court"
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@ -368,8 +360,11 @@
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"text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
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},
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"Citizenship": {
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"birthright citizenship": {
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"text": "no, unless one parent is an Austrian citizen"
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"citizenship by birth": {
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"text": "no"
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},
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"citizenship by descent only": {
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"text": "at least one parent must be a citizen of Austria"
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},
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"dual citizenship recognized": {
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"text": "no"
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@ -383,19 +378,19 @@
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},
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"Executive branch": {
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"chief of state": {
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"text": "President Heinz FISCHER (since 8 July 2004)"
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"text": "Acting Presidents Doris BURES (SPOe), Karlheinz KOPF (OeVP), Norbert HOFER (FPOe) (since 8 July 2016)"
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},
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"head of government": {
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"text": "Chancellor Werner FAYMANN (SPOe) (since 2 December 2008); Vice Chancellor Michael SPINDELEGGER (OeVP) (since 21 April 2011)"
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"text": "Chancellor Christian KERN (SPOe) (since 17 May 2016); Vice Chancellor Reinhold MITTERLEHNER (OeVP) (since 1 September 2014)"
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},
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"cabinet": {
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"text": "Council of Ministers chosen by the president on the advice of the chancellor"
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},
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"elections/appointments": {
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"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 25 April 2010 (next to be held on 25 April 2016); chancellor appointed by the president but determined by the majority coalition parties in the Federal Assembly; vice chancellor appointed by the president on the advice of the chancellor"
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"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 24 April 2016 (first round) and 22 May 2016 (second round), the latter was ruled invalid and a re-vote will be held 4 December 2016; next presidential elections to be held in April 2022; chancellor appointed by the president but determined by the majority coalition parties in the Federal Assembly; vice chancellor appointed by the president on the advice of the chancellor"
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},
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"election results": {
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"text": "Heinz FISCHER reelected president; percent of vote - Heinz FISCHER (SPOe) 79.3%, Barbara ROSENKRANZ (FPOe) 15.2%, Rudolf GEHRING 5.4%"
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"text": "percent of vote: first-round results - Norbet HOFER (FPOe) 35.1%, Alexander van der BELLIEN (independent, allied with the Greens) 21.3%, Irmgard GRISS (independent) 18.9%, Rudolf HUNDSTORFER (SPOe) 11.3%, Andreas KHOL (OeVP) 11.1%, Richard LUGNER (independent) 2.3%; second round results - Alexander van der BELLIEN 50.3%, Norbet HOFER 49.7%; on 1 July 2016, the Constitutional Court ordered a rerun of the 22 May 2016 runoff election to be held 2 October 2016; former President Heinz FISCHER's term ended July 8; his functions were replaced by the three Presidents of the National Council Doris BURES (SPOe), Karlheinz KOPF (OeVP), and Norbert HOFER (FPOe)"
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}
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},
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"Legislative branch": {
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"text": "National Council - last held on 29 September 2013 (next to be held by September 2018)"
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},
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"election results": {
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"text": "National Council - percent of vote by party - SPOe 26.8%, OeVP 24.0%, FPOe 20.5%, Greens 12.4%, Team Stronach 5.7%, NEOS 5.0%, other 5.6%; seats by party - SPOe 52, OeVP 47, FPOe 40, Greens 24, Team Stronach 11, NEOS 9"
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"text": "National Council - percent of vote by party - SPOe 26.8%, OeVP 24.0%, FPOe 20.5%, Greens 12.4%, Team Stronach 5.7%, NEOS 5.0%, other 5.6%; seats by party - SPOe 52, OeVP 47, FPOe 40, Greens 24, Team Stronach 11, NEOS 9; note - currently: SPOe 52, OeVP 50, FPOe 38, Greens 24, NEOS 9, Team Stronach 6, without faction 4"
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}
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},
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"Judicial branch": {
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}
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},
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"Political parties and leaders": {
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"text": "Alliance for the Future of Austria or BZOe [Gerald GROSZ] ++ Austrian People's Party or OeVP [Reinhold MITTERLEHNER] ++ Communist Party of Austria or KPOe [Mirko MESSNER] ++ Freedom Party of Austria or FPOe [Heinz Christian STRACHE] ++ The Greens [Eva GLAWISCHNIG] ++ NEOS - The New Austria [Matthias STROLZ] ++ Social Democratic Party of Austria or SPOe [Werner FAYMANN] ++ \"Team Stronach\" [Frank STRONACH]"
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"text": "Austrian People's Party or OeVP [Reinhold MITTERLEHNER] ++ Communist Party of Austria or KPOe [Mirko MESSNER] ++ Freedom Party of Austria or FPOe [Heinz Christian STRACHE] ++ The Greens [Eva GLAWISCHNIG] ++ NEOS - The New Austria [Matthias STROLZ] ++ Social Democratic Party of Austria or SPOe [Christian KERN] ++ \"Team Stronach\" [Frank STRONACH]"
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},
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"Political pressure groups and leaders": {
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"text": "Austrian Trade Union Federation or OeGB (nominally independent but primarily Social Democratic) ++ Federal Economic Chamber (OeVP-dominated) ++ Labor Chamber or AK (Social Democratic-leaning think tank) ++ OeVP-oriented Association of Austrian Industrialists or IV ++ Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action",
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"text": "Austrian Trade Union Federation or OeGB (nominally independent but primarily Social Democratic) ++ Federal Agriculture Chamber (OeVP-dominated) ++ Federal Economic Chamber (OeVP-dominated) ++ Labor Chamber or AK (Social Democratic-leaning think tank) ++ OeVP-oriented Association of Austrian Industrialists or IV ++ Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action",
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"other": {
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"text": "three composite leagues of the Austrian People's Party or OeVP representing business, labor, farmers, and other nongovernment organizations in the areas of environment and human rights"
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}
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@ -434,7 +429,7 @@
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},
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"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
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"chief of mission": {
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"text": "Ambassador Hans Peter MANZ (since 2 December 2011)"
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"text": "Ambassador Wolfgang WALDNER (since 28 January 2016)"
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},
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"chancery": {
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"text": "3524 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008-3035"
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@ -446,7 +441,10 @@
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"text": "[1] (202) 895-6750"
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},
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"consulate(s) general": {
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"text": "Chicago, Los Angeles, New York"
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"text": "Los Angeles, New York"
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},
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"consulate(s)": {
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"text": "Chicago"
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}
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},
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"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
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@ -480,122 +478,122 @@
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"text": "Paula von PRERADOVIC/Wolfgang Amadeus MOZART or Johann HOLZER (disputed)"
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},
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"note": {
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"text": "adopted 1947; the anthem is also known as \"Land der Berge, Land am Strome\" (Land of the Mountains, Land on the River); Austria adopted a new national anthem after World War II to replace the former imperial anthem composed by Franz Josef HAYDN, which had been appropriated by Germany in 1922 and was thereafter associated with the Nazi regime; a gendered version of the lyrics was adopted by the Austrian Parliament in fall 2011 and became effective 1 January 2012"
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"text": "adopted 1947; the anthem is also known as \"Land der Berge, Land am Strome\" (Land of the Mountains, Land by the River); Austria adopted a new national anthem after World War II to replace the former imperial anthem composed by Franz Josef HAYDN, which had been appropriated by Germany in 1922 and was thereafter associated with the Nazi regime; a gendered version of the lyrics was adopted by the Austrian Federal Assembly in fall 2011 and became effective 1 January 2012"
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}
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}
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},
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"Economy": {
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"Economy - overview": {
|
||||
"text": "Austria, with its well-developed market economy, skilled labor force, and high standard of living, is closely tied to other EU economies, especially Germany's. Its economy features a large service sector, a relatively sound industrial sector, and a small, but highly developed agricultural sector. Economic growth was anemic at less than 0.5% in 2013 and 2014, and growth in 2015 is not expected to exceed 0.5%. Austria's 5.6% unemployment rate, while low by European standards, is at an historic high for Austria. Without extensive vocational training programs and generous early retirement, the unemployment rate would be even higher. Public finances have not stabilized even after a 2012 austerity package of expenditure cuts and new revenues. On the contrary, in 2014, the government created a \"bad bank\" for the troubled nationalized \"Hypo Alpe Adria\" bank, pushing the budget deficit up by 0.9% of GDP to 2.4% and public debt to 84.5% of the GDP. Although Austria's fiscal position compares favorably with other euro-zone countries, it faces several external risks, such as Austrian banks' continued exposure to Central and Eastern Europe, repercussions from the Hypo Alpe Adria bank collapse, political and economic uncertainties caused by the European sovereign debt crisis, the current crisis in Russia/Ukraine, the recent appreciation of the Swiss Franc, and political developments in Hungary."
|
||||
"text": "Austria, with its well-developed market economy, skilled labor force, and high standard of living, is closely tied to other EU economies, especially Germany's. Its economy features a large service sector, a relatively sound industrial sector, and a small, but highly developed agricultural sector. ++ ++ Economic growth has been relatively weak in recent years, approaching 0.9% in 2015. Austria's 5.8% unemployment rate, while low by European standards, is at its highest rate since the end of World War II, driven by an increased number of refugees and EU migrants entering the labor market. Without extensive vocational training programs and generous early retirement, the unemployment rate would be even higher. ++ ++ Although Austria's fiscal position compares favorably with other euro-zone countries, it faces several external risks, such as unexpectedly weak world economic growth threatening the export market, Austrian banks' continued exposure to Central and Eastern Europe, repercussions from the Hypo Alpe Adria bank collapse, political and economic uncertainties caused by the European sovereign debt crisis, the current refugee crisis, and continued unrest in Russia/Ukraine. Early signs point towards a slight improvement in 2016, driven by low interest rates on government debt. Currently, the budget deficit stands at 2.7% of GDP and public debt has reached a post-war high of 84.2% of the GDP."
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
|
||||
"text": "$396.8 billion (2014 est.) ++ $395.4 billion (2013 est.) ++ $394.1 billion (2012 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "$405.1 billion (2015 est.) ++ $401.6 billion (2014 est.) ++ $400.2 billion (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
|
||||
"text": "$437.6 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$374.3 billion (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - real growth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "0.4% (2014 est.) ++ 0.3% (2013 est.) ++ 0.8% (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0.9% (2015 est.) ++ 0.4% (2014 est.) ++ 0.3% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
|
||||
"text": "$46,600 (2014 est.) ++ $46,500 (2013 est.) ++ $46,300 (2012 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "$47,000 (2015 est.) ++ $47,000 (2014 est.) ++ $47,200 (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving": {
|
||||
"text": "23.5% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 24.2% of GDP (2013 est.) ++ 26.3% of GDP (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "25% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 24.7% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 25.2% of GDP (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
|
||||
"household consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "53.9%"
|
||||
"text": "52.6%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"government consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "19.9%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"investment in fixed capital": {
|
||||
"text": "22.4%"
|
||||
"text": "22.6%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"investment in inventories": {
|
||||
"text": "0.1%"
|
||||
"text": "0.4%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"exports of goods and services": {
|
||||
"text": "53.2%"
|
||||
"text": "53%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"imports of goods and services": {
|
||||
"text": "-49.5% ++ (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-48.6% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
"text": "1.4%"
|
||||
"text": "1.3%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"industry": {
|
||||
"text": "28.1%"
|
||||
"text": "28.3%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"services": {
|
||||
"text": "70.5% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "70.4% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Agriculture - products": {
|
||||
"text": "grains, potatoes, wine, fruit; dairy products, cattle, pigs, poultry; lumber"
|
||||
"text": "grains, potatoes, wine, fruit; dairy products, cattle, pigs, poultry; lumber and other forestry products"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Industries": {
|
||||
"text": "construction, machinery, vehicles and parts, food, metals, chemicals, lumber and wood, paper and paperboard, communications equipment, tourism"
|
||||
"text": "construction, machinery, vehicles and parts, food, metals, chemicals, lumber, paper and paperboard, communications equipment, tourism"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Industrial production growth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "0.9% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0.8% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force": {
|
||||
"text": "3.823 million (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "3.889 million (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force - by occupation": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
"text": "5.5%"
|
||||
"text": "0.7%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"industry": {
|
||||
"text": "26%"
|
||||
"text": "25.3%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"services": {
|
||||
"text": "68.5% (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "74% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Unemployment rate": {
|
||||
"text": "5.6% (2014 est.) ++ 5.3% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "5.7% (2015 est.) ++ 5.6% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Population below poverty line": {
|
||||
"text": "4.2% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "4% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
|
||||
"lowest 10%": {
|
||||
"text": "4%"
|
||||
"text": "2.8%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"highest 10%": {
|
||||
"text": "22% (2011 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "23.5% (2012 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Distribution of family income - Gini index": {
|
||||
"text": "26.3 (2007) ++ 31 (1995)"
|
||||
"text": "29.2 (2013) ++ 26.3 (2007)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$217.9 billion"
|
||||
"text": "$189.1 billion"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "$228.4 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$193.1 billion (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "49.8% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "50.5% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
|
||||
"text": "-2.4% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-1.1% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Public debt": {
|
||||
"text": "84.5% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 80.9% of GDP (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "86.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 84.3% of GDP (2014 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "this is general government gross debt, defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year; it covers the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; as a percentage of GDP, the GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product in current year prices"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -604,13 +602,13 @@
|
|||
"text": "calendar year"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
|
||||
"text": "1.5% (2014 est.) ++ 2.1% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0.8% (2015 est.) ++ 1.5% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Commercial bank prime lending rate": {
|
||||
"text": "2.15% (31 December 2014 est.) ++ 2.21% (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "2% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 2.15% (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of narrow money": {
|
||||
"text": "$191.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $204.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "$193.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $191.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -619,87 +617,92 @@
|
|||
"text": "$428.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $439.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of domestic credit": {
|
||||
"text": "$507.3 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $582.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$462.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $507.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Market value of publicly traded shares": {
|
||||
"text": "$106 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $82.37 billion (31 December 2011) ++ $67.68 billion (31 December 2010 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$96.08 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $96.79 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $117.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Current account balance": {
|
||||
"text": "$3.228 billion (2014 est.) ++ $4.091 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$9.583 billion (2015 est.) ++ $8.478 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports": {
|
||||
"text": "$170.1 billion (2014 est.) ++ $167.3 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$142.9 billion (2015 est.) ++ $166 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, paper and paperboard, metal goods, chemicals, iron and steel, textiles, foodstuffs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "Germany 30.4%, Italy 6.5%, France 5%, US 4.7%, Switzerland 4.5%, Slovakia 4.2% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "Germany 29.4%, US 6.4%, Italy 6.1%, Switzerland 5.7%, France 4.4%, Slovakia 4.2% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports": {
|
||||
"text": "$172.5 billion (2014 est.) ++ $173.8 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$140 billion (2015 est.) ++ $164 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, metal goods, oil and oil products; foodstuffs"
|
||||
"text": "machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, metal goods, oil and oil products, natural gas; foodstuffs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "Germany 41.9%, Italy 6.5%, Switzerland 4.6%, Czech Republic 4.3%, Netherlands 4.1% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "Germany 41.5%, Italy 6.3%, Switzerland 6%, Czech Republic 4.2% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
|
||||
"text": "$24.94 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $23.29 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$22.24 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $24.94 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Debt - external": {
|
||||
"text": "$24.94 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $23.29 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$675 billion (30 September 2015 est.) ++ $740.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": {
|
||||
"text": "$318.4 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $342.4 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$294.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $321 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": {
|
||||
"text": "$366.3 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $396.4 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$349.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $367.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exchange rates": {
|
||||
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.7489 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.) ++ 0.755 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Energy": {
|
||||
"Electricity access": {
|
||||
"electrification - total population": {
|
||||
"text": "100% (2016)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - production": {
|
||||
"text": "68.02 billion kWh (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "64.74 billion kWh (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "69.01 billion kWh (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "69.75 billion kWh (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - exports": {
|
||||
"text": "17.69 billion kWh (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "19.31 billion kWh (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - imports": {
|
||||
"text": "24.96 billion kWh (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "29.37 billion kWh (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - installed generating capacity": {
|
||||
"text": "22.98 million kW (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "24.22 million kW (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - from fossil fuels": {
|
||||
"text": "20.8% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "32.8% of total installed capacity (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - from nuclear fuels": {
|
||||
"text": "0% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0% of total installed capacity (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - from hydroelectric plants": {
|
||||
"text": "67.2% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "56% of total installed capacity (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - from other renewable sources": {
|
||||
"text": "12% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "11.1% of total installed capacity (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Crude oil - production": {
|
||||
"text": "17,250 bbl/day (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "21,760 bbl/day (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Crude oil - exports": {
|
||||
"text": "0 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0 bbl/day (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Crude oil - imports": {
|
||||
"text": "158,800 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "173,900 bbl/day (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Crude oil - proved reserves": {
|
||||
"text": "47.5 million bbl (1 January 2015 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "61.69 million bbl (1 January 2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Refined petroleum products - production": {
|
||||
"text": "194,600 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -726,27 +729,27 @@
|
|||
"text": "10.17 billion cu m (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Natural gas - proved reserves": {
|
||||
"text": "9.656 billion cu m (1 January 2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "11.1 billion cu m (1 January 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": {
|
||||
"text": "NA Mt (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "76.2 million Mt (2014 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Communications": {
|
||||
"Telephones - fixed lines": {
|
||||
"total subscriptions": {
|
||||
"text": "3.27 million"
|
||||
"text": "3,609,900"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "38 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "42 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephones - mobile cellular": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "13 million"
|
||||
"text": "13.471 million"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "150 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "155 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephone system": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -754,34 +757,45 @@
|
|||
"text": "highly developed and efficient"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"domestic": {
|
||||
"text": "fixed-line subscribership has been in decline since the mid-1990s with mobile-cellular subscribership eclipsing it by the late 1990s; the fiber-optic net is very extensive; all telephone applications and Internet services are available"
|
||||
"text": "fixed-line subscribership has been in decline since the mid-1990s with mobile-cellular subscribership eclipsing it by the late 1990s; the fiber-optic net is very extensive; all telephone applications and Internet services are available; broadband is available in major cities"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"international": {
|
||||
"text": "country code - 43; satellite earth stations - 15; in addition, there are about 600 VSATs (very small aperture terminals) (2007)"
|
||||
"text": "country code - 43; earth stations available in the Intelsat, Eutelsat satellite systems (2016)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Broadcast media": {
|
||||
"text": "Austria's public broadcaster, Osterreichischer Rundfunk (ORF), was the main broadcast source until commercial radio and TV service was introduced in the 1990s; cable and satellite TV are available, including German TV stations (2008)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Radio broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "FM 65 (plus several hundred repeaters), shortwave 1 (2009)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Television broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "9 (2010)"
|
||||
"text": "worldwide cable and satellite TV are available; the public incumbent ORF competes with three other major, several regional domestic, and up to 400 international TV stations; TV coverage is in principle 100%, but only 90% use broadcast media; Internet streaming not only complements, but increasingly replaces regular TV stations (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet country code": {
|
||||
"text": ".at"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "7.2 million"
|
||||
"text": "7.273 million"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "83.7% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "83.9% (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transportation": {
|
||||
"National air transport system": {
|
||||
"number of registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "11"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "130"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "14,718,641"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual freight traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "351.379 million mt-km (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
|
||||
"text": "OE (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports": {
|
||||
"text": "52 (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -816,7 +830,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": " ++ 24 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "24 (2013)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -835,10 +849,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Roadways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "124,508 km"
|
||||
"text": "133,597 km"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"paved": {
|
||||
"text": "124,508 km (includes 1,719 km of expressways) (2012)"
|
||||
"text": "133,597 km (includes 2,207 km of expressways) (2016)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Waterways": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -855,39 +869,15 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military": {
|
||||
"Military and Security": {
|
||||
"Military branches": {
|
||||
"text": "Land Forces (KdoLdSK), Air Forces (KdoLuSK)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "registration requirement at age 17, the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; 18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service (6 months), or optionally, alternative civil/community service (9-12 months); males 18 to 50 years old in the militia or inactive reserve are subject to compulsory service; in a January 2012 referendum, a majority of Austrians voted in favor of retaining the system of compulsory military service (with the option of alternative/non-military service) instead of switching to a professional army system (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower available for military service": {
|
||||
"males age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "1,941,110"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"females age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "1,910,434 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower fit for military service": {
|
||||
"males age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "1,579,862"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"females age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "1,554,130 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually": {
|
||||
"male": {
|
||||
"text": "48,108"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"female": {
|
||||
"text": "45,752 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"text": "registration requirement at age 17, the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; 18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service (6 months), or optionally, alternative civil/community service (9 months); males 18 to 50 years old in the militia or inactive reserve are subject to compulsory service; in a January 2012 referendum, a majority of Austrians voted in favor of retaining the system of compulsory military service (with the option of alternative/non-military service) instead of switching to a professional army system (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "0.55% of GDP (2015 projected) ++ 0.62% of GDP (2014) ++ 0.63% of GDP (2013) ++ 0.68% of GDP (2012) ++ 0.7% of GDP (2011)"
|
||||
"text": "0.55% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 0.62% of GDP (2014) ++ 0.63% of GDP (2013) ++ 0.68% of GDP (2012) ++ 0.7% of GDP (2011)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -896,10 +886,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "11,906 (Afghanistan); 19,577 (Russia) (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "17,458 (Afghanistan); 15,526 (Russia); 14,894 (Syria) (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "570 (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "828 (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Illicit drugs": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue