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nov/5 up
This commit is contained in:
Gerald Bauer
parent
780ac9e05b
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261 changed files with 32420 additions and 31899 deletions
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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{
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"Introduction": {
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"Background": {
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"text": "Russia conquered the territory of present-day Uzbekistan in the late 19th century. Stiff resistance to the Red Army after the Bolshevik Revolution was eventually suppressed and a socialist republic established in 1924. During the Soviet era, intensive production of \"white gold\" (cotton) and grain led to overuse of agrochemicals and the depletion of water supplies, which have left the land degraded and the Aral Sea and certain rivers half dry. Independent since 1991, the country has lessened its dependence on the cotton monoculture by diversifying agricultural production while developing its mineral and petroleum export capacity and increasing its manufacturing base. However, long-serving septuagenarian President Islom KARIMOV, who rose through the ranks of the Soviet-era State Planning Committee (Gosplan), remains wedded to the concepts of a command economy, creating a challenging environment for foreign investment. Current concerns include post-KARIMOV succession, terrorism by Islamic militants, economic stagnation, and the curtailment of human rights and democratization."
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"text": "Russia conquered the territory of present-day Uzbekistan in the late 19th century. Stiff resistance to the Red Army after the Bolshevik Revolution was eventually suppressed and a socialist republic established in 1924. During the Soviet era, intensive production of \"white gold\" (cotton) and grain led to overuse of agrochemicals and the depletion of water supplies, which have left the land degraded and the Aral Sea and certain rivers half dry. Independent since 1991, the country has gradually lessened its dependence on the cotton monoculture by diversifying agricultural production while developing its mineral and petroleum export capacity and increasing its manufacturing base. However, long-serving septuagenarian President Islom KARIMOV, who rose through the ranks of the Soviet-era State Planning Committee (Gosplan), remains wedded to the concepts of a command economy, creating a challenging environment for foreign investment. Current concerns include post-KARIMOV succession, economic stagnation, pervasive corruption, declining quality of social services, persistent inability to adequately meet the country's energy needs outside of Tashkent, the curtailment of human rights, and the lack of democratization."
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}
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},
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"Geography": {
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@ -26,10 +26,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Area - comparative": {
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"text": "about four times the size of Virginia; slightly larger than California",
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"Area comparison map": {
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"text": null
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}
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"text": "about four times the size of Virginia; slightly larger than California"
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},
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"Land boundaries": {
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"total": {
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@ -51,12 +48,12 @@
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"Terrain": {
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"text": "mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya, Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), and Zarafshon; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west"
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},
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"Elevation extremes": {
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"lowest point": {
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"text": "Sariqamish Kuli -12 m"
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"Elevation": {
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"mean elevation": {
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"text": "NA"
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},
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"highest point": {
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"text": "Adelunga Toghi 4,301 m"
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"elevation extremes": {
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"text": "lowest point: Sariqamish Kuli -12 m ++ highest point: Adelunga Toghi 4,301 m"
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}
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},
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"Natural resources": {
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@ -74,18 +71,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Irrigated land": {
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"text": "41,980 sq km (2005)"
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "48.87 cu km (2011)"
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},
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"Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)": {
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"total": {
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"text": "56 cu km/yr (7%/3%/90%)"
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},
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"per capita": {
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"text": "2,113 cu m/yr (2005)"
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}
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"text": "42,150 sq km (2012)"
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},
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"Natural hazards": {
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"text": "NA"
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@ -106,6 +92,9 @@
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}
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},
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"People and Society": {
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"Population": {
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"text": "29,473,614 (July 2016 est.)"
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},
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"Nationality": {
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"noun": {
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"text": "Uzbekistani"
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@ -126,27 +115,21 @@
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"Religions": {
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"text": "Muslim 88% (mostly Sunni), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%"
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},
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"Population": {
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"text": "29,199,942 (July 2015 est.)"
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},
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"Age structure": {
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"0-14 years": {
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"text": "24.56% (male 3,676,029/female 3,496,916)"
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"text": "24.22% (male 3,658,960/female 3,480,659)"
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},
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"15-24 years": {
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"text": "19.92% (male 2,945,837/female 2,869,483)"
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"text": "19.22% (male 2,874,982/female 2,790,128)"
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},
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"25-54 years": {
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"text": "43.46% (male 6,310,206/female 6,379,037)"
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"text": "43.95% (male 6,444,288/female 6,510,741)"
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},
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"55-64 years": {
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"text": "7.17% (male 987,930/female 1,104,347)"
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"text": "7.54% (male 1,049,876/female 1,171,369)"
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},
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"65 years and over": {
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"text": "4.9% (male 610,272/female 819,885) (2015 est.)"
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},
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"population pyramid": {
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"text": null
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"text": "5.06% (male 637,408/female 855,203) (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Dependency ratios": {
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@ -165,26 +148,26 @@
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},
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"Median age": {
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"total": {
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"text": "27.6 years"
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"text": "28.1 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "27.1 years"
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"text": "27.6 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "28.2 years (2015 est.)"
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"text": "28.7 years (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Population growth rate": {
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"text": "0.93% (2015 est.)"
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"text": "0.93% (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Birth rate": {
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"text": "17 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "16.9 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Death rate": {
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"text": "5.3 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "5.3 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Net migration rate": {
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"text": "-2.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "-2.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Urbanization": {
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"urban population": {
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@ -217,42 +200,45 @@
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"text": "0.74 male(s)/female"
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},
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"total population": {
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"text": "0.99 male(s)/female (2015 est.)"
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"text": "0.99 male(s)/female (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
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"text": "23.4 (2013 est.)"
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},
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"Maternal mortality rate": {
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"text": "36 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Infant mortality rate": {
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"total": {
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"text": "19.2 deaths/1,000 live births"
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"text": "18.6 deaths/1,000 live births"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "22.78 deaths/1,000 live births"
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"text": "22.1 deaths/1,000 live births"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "15.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)"
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"text": "14.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Life expectancy at birth": {
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"total population": {
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"text": "73.55 years"
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"text": "73.8 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "70.5 years"
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"text": "70.7 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "76.78 years (2015 est.)"
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"text": "77 years (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Total fertility rate": {
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"text": "1.79 children born/woman (2015 est.)"
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"text": "1.78 children born/woman (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
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"text": "64.9% (2006)"
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},
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"Health expenditures": {
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"text": "6.1% of GDP (2013)"
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"text": "5.8% of GDP (2014)"
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},
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"Physicians density": {
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"text": "2.53 physicians/1,000 population (2013)"
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@ -277,13 +263,13 @@
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}
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
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"text": "0.15% (2014 est.)"
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"text": "0.15% (2015 est.)"
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
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"text": "32,300 (2014 est.)"
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"text": "32,700 (2015 est.)"
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
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"text": "2,200 (2014 est.)"
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"text": "2,600 (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
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"text": "14.3% (2014)"
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@ -316,7 +302,7 @@
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"text": "12 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "11 years (2011)"
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"text": "12 years (2011)"
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}
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}
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},
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@ -336,10 +322,13 @@
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},
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"former": {
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"text": "Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic"
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},
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"etymology": {
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"text": "a combination of the Turkic words \"uz\" (self) and \"bek\" (master) with the Persian suffix \"-stan\" (country) to give the meaning \"Land of the free\""
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}
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},
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"Government type": {
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"text": "republic; authoritarian presidential rule with little power outside the executive branch"
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"text": "presidential republic; highly authoritarian"
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},
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"Capital": {
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"name": {
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@ -365,7 +354,7 @@
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"text": "Independence Day, 1 September (1991)"
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},
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"Constitution": {
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"text": "several previous; latest adopted 8 December 1992; amended several times, last in 2014 (2015)"
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"text": "several previous; latest adopted 8 December 1992; amended several times, last in 2014 (2016)"
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},
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"Legal system": {
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"text": "civil law system"
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@ -373,12 +362,26 @@
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"International law organization participation": {
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"text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt"
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},
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"Citizenship": {
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"citizenship by birth": {
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"text": "no"
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},
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"citizenship by descent only": {
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"text": "at least one parent must be a citizen of Uzbekistan"
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},
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"dual citizenship recognized": {
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"text": "no"
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},
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"residency requirement for naturalization": {
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"text": "5 years"
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}
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},
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"Suffrage": {
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"text": "18 years of age; universal"
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},
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"Executive branch": {
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"chief of state": {
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"text": "President Islom KARIMOV (since 24 March 1990, when elected president by the former Supreme Soviet; first elected president of independent Uzbekistan in 1991)"
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"text": "Interim President Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (since 8 September 2016); note - longtime President Islom KARIMOV died on 2 September 2016; new presidential elections must be held within three months of this date"
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},
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"head of government": {
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"text": "Prime Minister Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (since 11 December 2003); First Deputy Prime Minister Rustam AZIMOV (since 2 January 2008)"
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@ -387,7 +390,7 @@
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"text": "Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president with approval of both chambers of the Supreme Assembly (Oliy Majlis)"
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},
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"elections/appointments": {
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"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term; previously a 5-year term, extended by a 2002 constitutional amendment to 7 years, and reverted to 5 years in 2011); election last held on 29 March 2015 (next to be held in 2020); prime minister, ministers, and deputy ministers appointed by the president"
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"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term; previously a 5-year term, extended by a 2002 constitutional amendment to 7 years, and reverted to 5 years in 2011); election last held on 29 March 2015; prime minister nominated by majority party in legislature since 2011, but appointed along with the ministers and deputy ministers by the president"
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},
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"election results": {
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"text": "Islom KARIMOV reelected president; percent of vote - Islom KARIMOV (LDPU) 90.4%, Akmal SAIDOV (Democratic Party of Uzbekistan) 3.1%, Khatamjan KETMANOV (NDP) 2.9%, Nariman UMAROV (Justice Social Democratic Party of Uzbekistan) 2.1%, other 1.5%"
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@ -435,7 +438,7 @@
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"text": "1746 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036"
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},
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"telephone": {
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"text": "[1] (202) 283-6803"
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"text": "[1] (202) 887-5300"
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},
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"FAX": {
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"text": "[1] (202) 293-6804"
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@ -446,7 +449,7 @@
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},
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"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
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"chief of mission": {
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"text": "Ambassador Pamela SPRATLEN (since 21 January 2015)"
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"text": "Ambassador Pamela L. SPRATLEN (since 21 January 2015)"
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},
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"embassy": {
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"text": "3 Moyqo'rq'on, 5th Block, Yunusobod District, Tashkent 100093"
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@ -481,58 +484,58 @@
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},
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"Economy": {
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"Economy - overview": {
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"text": "Uzbekistan is a dry, landlocked country; more than 60% of the population lives in densely populated rural communities. Export of natural gas, gold and cotton provides a significant share of foreign exchange earnings. Despite ongoing efforts to diversify crops, Uzbekistani agriculture remains largely centered around cotton; Uzbekistan is now the world's fifth largest cotton exporter and sixth largest producer. ++ The country is beginning to enforce a ban on the use of child labor in its cotton harvest and is trying to address international criticism for its previous use of this practice. Following independence in September 1991, the government sought to prop up its Soviet-style command economy with subsidies and tight controls on production and prices. A sharp increase in the inequality of income distribution has hurt the lower ranks of society since independence. While aware of the need to improve the investment climate, the government continues to intervene in the business sector and has not addressed the impediments to foreign investment in the country. In 2003, the government accepted Article VIII obligations under the IMF, providing for full currency convertibility. However, strict currency controls and tightening of borders have lessened the effects of convertibility and have also led to some shortages that have further stifled economic activity. The Central Bank often delays or restricts convertibility, especially for consumer goods. ++ Uzbekistan's growth has been driven primarily by state-led investments and a favorable export environment. In the past Uzbekistani authorities have accused US and other foreign companies operating in Uzbekistan of violating Uzbekistani laws and have frozen and even seized their assets. At the same time, the Uzbekistani Government has actively courted several major US and international corporations, offering financing and tax advantages. Diminishing foreign investment and difficulties transporting goods across borders further challenge Uzbekistan’s economy, though it recently has intensified economic ties to Beijing. Tashkent began exporting natural gas to China and Chinese investments in the country have substantially increased."
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"text": "Uzbekistan is a landlocked country with more than 60% of the population living in densely populated rural communities. Since its independence in September 1991, the government maintained its Soviet-style command economy with subsidies and tight controls on production and prices. Despite ongoing efforts to diversify crops, Uzbekistani agriculture remains largely centered on cotton; Uzbekistan is the world's fifth largest cotton exporter and sixth largest producer. Uzbekistan's growth has been driven primarily by state-led investments, and export of natural gas, gold, and cotton provides a significant share of foreign exchange earnings. In 2015, Russia’s Gazprom announced it would reduce its natural gas imports from Uzbekistan but Tashkent continues to export natural gas to China and Chinese investments in the country have substantially increased. ++ ++ While aware of the need to improve the investment climate, the government continues to intervene in the business sector and has not addressed the impediments to foreign investment in the country. In the past, Uzbekistani authorities have accused US and other foreign companies operating in Uzbekistan of violating Uzbekistani laws and have frozen and seized their assets. At the same time, the Uzbekistani Government has actively courted several major US and international corporations, offering financing and tax advantages. ++ ++ In 2003, the government accepted Article VIII obligations under the IMF, providing for full currency convertibility. However, strict currency controls and tightening of borders have lessened the effects of convertibility and have also led to some shortages that have further stifled economic activity. Recently, lower global commodity prices and economic slowdown in neighboring Russia and China have been hurting Uzbekistan's trade and investment and worsening its problem of currency shortage."
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},
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"GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
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"text": "$172.3 billion (2014 est.) ++ $159.4 billion (2013 est.) ++ $147.6 billion (2012 est.)",
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"text": "$188.3 billion (2015 est.) ++ $174.4 billion (2014 est.) ++ $161.3 billion (2013 est.)",
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"note": {
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"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
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"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
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}
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},
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"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
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"text": "$62.61 billion (2014 est.)"
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"text": "$65.5 billion (2015 est.)"
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},
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"GDP - real growth rate": {
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"text": "8.1% (2014 est.) ++ 8% (2013 est.) ++ 8.2% (2012 est.)"
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"text": "8% (2015 est.) ++ 8.1% (2014 est.) ++ 8% (2013 est.)"
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},
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||||
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
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"text": "$5,600 (2014 est.) ++ $5,200 (2013 est.) ++ $4,800 (2012 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "$6,100 (2015 est.) ++ $5,700 (2014 est.) ++ $5,300 (2013 est.)",
|
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"note": {
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"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
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||||
"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
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}
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||||
},
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"Gross national saving": {
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"text": "32.5% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 33.7% of GDP (2013 est.) ++ 32.7% of GDP (2012 est.)"
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"text": "31% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 31.6% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 33.7% of GDP (2013 est.)"
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},
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"GDP - composition, by end use": {
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"household consumption": {
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"text": "59.5%"
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"text": "56.4%"
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},
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"government consumption": {
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"text": "16.6%"
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"text": "16.5%"
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},
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"investment in fixed capital": {
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"text": "24.6%"
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"text": "24%"
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||||
},
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"investment in inventories": {
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"text": "0.1%"
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"text": "3.5%"
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},
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"exports of goods and services": {
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"text": "31.3%"
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||||
"text": "28.7%"
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},
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"imports of goods and services": {
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"text": "-32.1% ++ (2014 est.)"
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||||
"text": "-29.1% (2015 est.)"
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||||
}
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},
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"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
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"agriculture": {
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||||
"text": "18.8%"
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||||
"text": "19.2%"
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||||
},
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"industry": {
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||||
"text": "33.7%"
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||||
"text": "33.6%"
|
||||
},
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||||
"services": {
|
||||
"text": "47.5% (2014 est.)"
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||||
"text": "47.2% (2015 est.)"
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}
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},
|
||||
"Agriculture - products": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -542,10 +545,10 @@
|
|||
"text": "textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, mining, hydrocarbon extraction, chemicals"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Industrial production growth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "5% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "4% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force": {
|
||||
"text": "17.28 million (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "17.54 million (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force - by occupation": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -559,9 +562,9 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Unemployment rate": {
|
||||
"text": "4.8% (2014 est.) ++ 4.9% (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "5% (2015 est.) ++ 4.9% (2014 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "official data, another 20% are underemployed"
|
||||
"text": "official data; another 20% are underemployed"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Population below poverty line": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -580,26 +583,26 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$18.29 billion"
|
||||
"text": "$21.17 billion"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "$18.16 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$20.9 billion (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "29.2% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "32.2% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
|
||||
"text": "0.2% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0.4% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Public debt": {
|
||||
"text": "7.1% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 7.2% of GDP (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "8.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 7.1% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Fiscal year": {
|
||||
"text": "calendar year"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
|
||||
"text": "8.4% (2014 est.) ++ 11.2% (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "8.5% (2015 est.) ++ 9.1% (2014 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "official data; based on independent analysis of consumer prices, inflation reached 22% in 2012"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -608,43 +611,43 @@
|
|||
"text": "12.44% (31 December 2013 est.) ++ 11.2% (31 December 2012 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of narrow money": {
|
||||
"text": "$7.606 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $6.154 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$7.162 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $7.272 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of broad money": {
|
||||
"text": "$15.59 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $13.57 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$16.56 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $15.59 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of domestic credit": {
|
||||
"text": "$13.09 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $12.07 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$11.78 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $12.32 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Market value of publicly traded shares": {
|
||||
"text": "$NA (31 December 2012) ++ $715.3 million (31 December 2006)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Current account balance": {
|
||||
"text": "$1.062 billion (2014 est.) ++ $1.631 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$93 million (2015 est.) ++ $454 million (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports": {
|
||||
"text": "$13.31 billion (2014 est.) ++ $12.83 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$11.35 billion (2015 est.) ++ $12.9 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "energy products, cotton, gold, mineral fertilizers, ferrous and nonferrous metals, textiles, foodstuffs, machinery, automobiles"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "China 26.8%, Russia 14.7%, Kazakhstan 14.6%, Turkey 13.1%, Bangladesh 10.2% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "Switzerland 25.8%, China 17.6%, Kazakhstan 14.2%, Turkey 9.9%, Russia 8.4%, Bangladesh 6.9% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports": {
|
||||
"text": "$12.92 billion (2014 est.) ++ $11.75 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$11.81 billion (2015 est.) ++ $14.74 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, ferrous and nonferrous metals"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "Russia 22.8%, China 19.6%, South Korea 14.9%, Kazakhstan 10.2%, Germany 4.8%, Turkey 4.4% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "China 20.8%, Russia 20.8%, South Korea 12%, Kazakhstan 10.8%, Turkey 4.6%, Germany 4.4% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
|
||||
"text": "$17.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $17 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$15 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $16.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Debt - external": {
|
||||
"text": "$10.19 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $10.6 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$13.92 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $13.39 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": {
|
||||
"text": "$NA"
|
||||
|
|
@ -653,10 +656,15 @@
|
|||
"text": "$NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exchange rates": {
|
||||
"text": "Uzbekistani soum (UZS) per US dollar - ++ 2,311.4 (2014 est.) ++ 2,311.4 (2013 est.) ++ 1,890.1 (2012 est.) ++ 1,715.8 (2011 est.) ++ 1,587.2 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "Uzbekistani soum (UZS) per US dollar - ++ 2,569.6 (2015 est.) ++ 2,311.4 (2014 est.) ++ 2,311.4 (2013 est.) ++ 1,890.1 (2012 est.) ++ 1,715.8 (2011 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Energy": {
|
||||
"Electricity access": {
|
||||
"electrification - total population": {
|
||||
"text": "100% (2016)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - production": {
|
||||
"text": "49.91 billion kWh (2012 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -730,18 +738,18 @@
|
|||
"Communications": {
|
||||
"Telephones - fixed lines": {
|
||||
"total subscriptions": {
|
||||
"text": "2.51 million"
|
||||
"text": "2,507,711"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "9 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "9 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephones - mobile cellular": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "21.6 million"
|
||||
"text": "21.783 million"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "75 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "75 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephone system": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -749,34 +757,45 @@
|
|||
"text": "digital exchanges in large cities and in rural areas"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"domestic": {
|
||||
"text": "the state-owned telecommunications company, Uzbektelecom, owner of the fixed-line telecommunications system, has used loans from the Japanese government and the China Development Bank to upgrade fixed-line services including conversion to digital exchanges; mobile-cellular services are provided by 3 private and 1 state-owned operator with a total subscriber base of 19 million as of January 2014"
|
||||
"text": "the state-owned telecommunications company, Uzbektelecom, owner of the fixed-line telecommunications system, has used loans from the Japanese government and the China Development Bank to upgrade fixed-line services including conversion to digital exchanges; mobile-cellular services are provided by 3 private and 1 state-owned operator with a total subscriber base of 22 million as of mid 2015"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"international": {
|
||||
"text": "country code - 998; linked by fiber-optic cable or microwave radio relay with CIS member states and to other countries by leased connection via the Moscow international gateway switch; the country also has a link to the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable; Uzbekistan has supported the national fiber optic backbone project of Afghanistan since 2008 (2009)"
|
||||
"text": "country code - 998; linked by fiber-optic cable or microwave radio relay with CIS member states and to other countries by leased connection via the Moscow international gateway switch; the country also has a link to the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable; Uzbekistan has supported the national fiber- optic backbone project of Afghanistan since 2008 (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Broadcast media": {
|
||||
"text": "government controls media; 14 state-owned broadcasters - 10 TV and 4 radio - provide service to virtually the entire country; about 20 privately owned TV stations, overseen by local officials, broadcast to local markets; privately owned TV stations are required to lease transmitters from the government-owned Republic TV and Radio Industry Corporation; in 2013, the government closed TV and radio broadcasters affiliated with the National Association of Electronic Mass Media of Uzbekistan, a government-sponsored NGO for private broadcast media"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Radio broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "AM 20, FM 24, shortwave 3 (2008)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Television broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "28 (includes 1 cable rebroadcaster in Tashkent and approximately 20 stations in regional capitals) (2006)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet country code": {
|
||||
"text": ".uz"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "11.8 million"
|
||||
"text": "12.498 million"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "40.6% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "42.8% (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transportation": {
|
||||
"National air transport system": {
|
||||
"number of registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "29"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "2,486,673"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual freight traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "114,334,520 mt-km (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
|
||||
"text": "UK (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports": {
|
||||
"text": "53 (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -808,7 +827,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": " ++ 18 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "18 (2013)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Pipelines": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -842,36 +861,12 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military": {
|
||||
"Military and Security": {
|
||||
"Military branches": {
|
||||
"text": "Uzbek Armed Forces: Army, Air and Air Defense Forces (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18 years of age for compulsory military service; 1-month or 1-year conscript service obligation for males; moving toward a professional military, but conscription in some form will continue; the military cannot accommodate everyone who wishes to enlist, and competition for entrance into the military is similar to the competition for admission to universities (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower available for military service": {
|
||||
"males age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "7,887,292"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"females age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "7,886,459 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower fit for military service": {
|
||||
"males age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "6,566,118"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"females age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "6,745,818 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually": {
|
||||
"male": {
|
||||
"text": "306,404"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"female": {
|
||||
"text": "295,456 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -880,15 +875,15 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "86,703 (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "86,703 (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Trafficking in persons": {
|
||||
"current situation": {
|
||||
"text": "Uzbekistan is a source country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; adults and children are victims of government-compelled forced labor during Uzbekistan’s annual cotton harvest, as well as for the construction and cleaning of parks; the government in 2013 for the first time cooperated with the ILO to monitor the cotton harvest for compliance with the Worst Forms of Child Labor Convention; the ILO recorded 53 violations but concluded that forced child labor was not used on a systematic basis during the 2013 cotton harvest; Uzbekistani women and children are sex trafficked domestically and in countries in Central Asia, the Middle East, Asia, and Europe; Uzbekistani men and women are subjected to forced labor in Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Russia, the UAE, Malaysia, and, to a lesser extent, Ukraine in domestic service, agriculture, construction, and the oil industry"
|
||||
"text": "Uzbekistan is a source country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and women and children subjected to sex trafficking; government-compelled forced labor of adults remained endemic during the 2014 cotton harvest; despite a decree banning the use of persons under 18, children were mobilized to harvest cotton by local officials in some districts; in some regions, local officials forced teachers, students, private business employees, and others to work in construction, agriculture, and cleaning parks; Uzbekistani women and children are victims of sex trafficking domestically and in the Middle East, Eurasia, and Asia; Uzbekistani men and, to a lesser extent, women are subjected to forced labor in Kazakhstan, Russia, and Ukraine in the construction, oil, agriculture, retail, and food sectors"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"tier rating": {
|
||||
"text": "Tier 3 – Uzbekistan does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government in 2013 did not openly acknowledge forced labor in the cotton sector, which remained prevalent, but it took an encouraging step in allowing the ILO to monitor the cotton harvest for forced child labor; authorities continued to address transnational sex and labor trafficking, implementing anti-trafficking awareness campaigns; the government operated a shelter to help sex and labor trafficking victims and strengthened its ties with NGOs to repatriate victims and provide services, although no systematic procedures for assisting trafficking victims were in place; NGOs unaffiliated with the government faced additional scrutiny in 2013, hampering their efforts to protect victims (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "Tier 2 Watch List – Uzbekistan does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; law enforcement efforts in 2014 were mixed; the government made efforts to combat sex and transnational labor trafficking, but government-compelled forced labor of adults in the cotton harvest went unaddressed, and the decree prohibiting forced child labor was not applied universally; official complicity in human trafficking in the cotton harvest remained prevalent; authorities made efforts to identify and protect sex and transnational labor victims, although a systematic process is still lacking; minimal efforts were made to assist victims of forced labor in the cotton harvest, as the government does not openly acknowledge the existence of this forced labor; the ILO did not have permission or funding to monitor the 2014 harvest, but the government authorized the UN's International Labour Organization to conduct a survey on recruitment practices and working conditions in agriculture, particularly the cotton sector, and to monitor the 2015-17 cotton harvests for child and forced labor in project areas (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Illicit drugs": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue