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nov/5 up
This commit is contained in:
Gerald Bauer
parent
780ac9e05b
commit
ca94e2fef5
261 changed files with 32420 additions and 31899 deletions
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@ -26,10 +26,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Area - comparative": {
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"text": "slightly less than four times the size of Texas",
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"Area comparison map": {
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"text": null
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}
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"text": "slightly less than four times the size of Texas"
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},
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"Land boundaries": {
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"total": {
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@ -51,12 +48,12 @@
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"Terrain": {
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"text": "vast flat steppe extending from the Volga in the west to the Altai Mountains in the east and from the plains of western Siberia in the north to oases and deserts of Central Asia in the south"
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},
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"Elevation extremes": {
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"lowest point": {
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"text": "Vpadina Kaundy -132 m"
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"Elevation": {
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"mean elevation": {
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"text": "387 m"
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},
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"highest point": {
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"text": "Khan Tangiri Shyngy (Pik Khan-Tengri) 6,995 m"
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"elevation extremes": {
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"text": "lowest point: Vpadina Kaundy -132 m ++ highest point: Khan Tangiri Shyngy (Pik Khan-Tengri) 6,995 m"
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}
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},
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"Natural resources": {
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@ -74,18 +71,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Irrigated land": {
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"text": "20,660 sq km (2010)"
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "107.5 cu km (2011)"
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},
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"Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)": {
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"total": {
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"text": "21.14 cu km/yr (4%/30%/66%)"
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},
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"per capita": {
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"text": "1,304 cu m/yr (2010)"
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}
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"text": "20,660 sq km (2012)"
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},
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"Natural hazards": {
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"text": "earthquakes in the south; mudslides around Almaty"
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@ -106,6 +92,9 @@
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}
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},
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"People and Society": {
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"Population": {
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"text": "18,360,353 (July 2016 est.)"
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},
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"Nationality": {
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"noun": {
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"text": "Kazakhstani(s)"
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@ -118,32 +107,26 @@
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"text": "Kazakh (Qazaq) 63.1%, Russian 23.7%, Uzbek 2.9%, Ukrainian 2.1%, Uighur 1.4%, Tatar 1.3%, German 1.1%, other 4.4% (2009 est.)"
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},
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"Languages": {
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"text": "Kazakh (official, Qazaq) 64.4%, Russian (official, used in everyday business, designated the \"language of interethnic communication\") 95% (2001 est.)"
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"text": "Kazakh (official, Qazaq) 74% (understand spoken language), Russian (official, used in everyday business, designated the \"language of interethnic communication\") 94.4% (understand spoken language) (2009 est.)"
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},
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"Religions": {
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"text": "Muslim 70.2%, Christian 26.2% (mainly Russian Orthodox), other 0.2%, atheist 2.8%, unspecified 0.5% (2009 est.)"
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},
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"Population": {
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"text": "18,157,122 (July 2015 est.)"
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},
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"Age structure": {
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"0-14 years": {
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"text": "25.41% (male 2,294,513/female 2,319,233)"
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"text": "25.68% (male 2,336,444/female 2,378,769)"
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},
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"15-24 years": {
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"text": "15.33% (male 1,417,344/female 1,366,655)"
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"text": "14.66% (male 1,371,133/female 1,319,938)"
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},
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"25-54 years": {
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"text": "42.59% (male 3,768,418/female 3,965,188)"
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"text": "42.5% (male 3,808,164/female 3,994,781)"
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},
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"55-64 years": {
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"text": "9.49% (male 753,011/female 970,569)"
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"text": "9.77% (male 784,035/female 1,008,935)"
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},
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"65 years and over": {
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"text": "7.17% (male 448,857/female 853,334) (2015 est.)"
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},
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"population pyramid": {
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"text": null
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"text": "7.4% (male 470,485/female 887,669) (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Dependency ratios": {
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@ -162,26 +145,26 @@
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},
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"Median age": {
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"total": {
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"text": "30 years"
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"text": "30.3 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "28.7 years"
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"text": "29 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "31.3 years (2015 est.)"
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"text": "31.6 years (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Population growth rate": {
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"text": "1.14% (2015 est.)"
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"text": "1.09% (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Birth rate": {
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"text": "19.15 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "18.7 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Death rate": {
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"text": "8.21 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "8.2 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Net migration rate": {
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"text": "0.41 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Urbanization": {
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"urban population": {
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@ -199,7 +182,7 @@
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"text": "0.94 male(s)/female"
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},
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"0-14 years": {
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"text": "0.99 male(s)/female"
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"text": "0.98 male(s)/female"
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},
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"15-24 years": {
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"text": "1.04 male(s)/female"
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@ -214,42 +197,45 @@
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"text": "0.53 male(s)/female"
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},
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"total population": {
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"text": "0.92 male(s)/female (2015 est.)"
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"text": "0.92 male(s)/female (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
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"text": "25 (2013 est.)"
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},
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"Maternal mortality rate": {
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"text": "12 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Infant mortality rate": {
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"total": {
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"text": "20.92 deaths/1,000 live births"
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"text": "20.3 deaths/1,000 live births"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "23.63 deaths/1,000 live births"
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"text": "22.9 deaths/1,000 live births"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "18.39 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)"
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"text": "17.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Life expectancy at birth": {
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"total population": {
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"text": "70.55 years"
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"text": "70.8 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "65.3 years"
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"text": "65.6 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "75.46 years (2015 est.)"
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"text": "75.7 years (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Total fertility rate": {
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"text": "2.31 children born/woman (2015 est.)"
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"text": "2.28 children born/woman (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
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"text": "51% (2010/11)"
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},
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"Health expenditures": {
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"text": "4.3% of GDP (2013)"
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"text": "4.4% of GDP (2014)"
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},
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"Physicians density": {
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"text": "3.62 physicians/1,000 population (2013)"
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@ -274,13 +260,13 @@
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}
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
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"text": "0.19% (2014 est.)"
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"text": "0.21% (2015 est.)"
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
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"text": "20,300 (2014 est.)"
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"text": "23,100 (2015 est.)"
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
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"text": "500 (2014 est.)"
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"text": "500 (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
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"text": "23.5% (2014)"
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@ -313,7 +299,7 @@
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"text": "15 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "15 years (2012)"
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"text": "15 years (2015)"
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}
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},
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"Child labor - children ages 5-14": {
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@ -329,10 +315,10 @@
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"text": "3.9%"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "2.9%"
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"text": "3.6%"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "5.1% (2012 est.)"
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"text": "4.3% (2013 est.)"
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}
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}
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},
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@ -352,10 +338,13 @@
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},
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"former": {
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"text": "Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic"
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},
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"etymology": {
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"text": "the name \"Kazakh\" derives from the Turkic word \"kaz\" meaning \"to wander,\" recalling the Kazakh's nomadic lifestyle; the Persian suffix \"-stan\" means \"place of\" or \"country,\" so the word Kazakhstan literally means \"Land of the wanderers\""
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}
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},
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"Government type": {
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"text": "republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little power outside the executive branch"
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"text": "presidential republic"
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},
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"Capital": {
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"name": {
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@ -372,7 +361,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Administrative divisions": {
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"text": "14 provinces (oblystar, singular - oblys) and 3 cities* (qalalar, singular - qala); Almaty, Almaty*, Aqmola (Astana), Aqtobe, Astana*, Atyrau, Batys Qazaqstan [West Kazakhstan] (Oral), Bayqongyr [Baykonur]*, Mangghystau (Aqtau), Ongtustik Qazaqstan [South Kazakhstan] (Shymkent), Pavlodar, Qaraghandy, Qostanay, Qyzylorda, Shyghys Qazaqstan [East Kazakhstan] (Oskemen), Soltustik Qazaqstan [North Kazakhstan] (Petropavlovsk), Zhambyl (Taraz)",
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"text": "14 provinces (oblystar, singular - oblys) and 3 cities* (qalalar, singular - qala); Almaty (Taldyqorghan), Almaty*, Aqmola (Kokshetau), Aqtobe, Astana*, Atyrau, Batys Qazaqstan [West Kazakhstan] (Oral), Bayqongyr [Baykonur]*, Mangghystau (Aqtau), Ongtustik Qazaqstan [South Kazakhstan] (Shymkent), Pavlodar, Qaraghandy, Qostanay, Qyzylorda, Shyghys Qazaqstan [East Kazakhstan] (Oskemen), Soltustik Qazaqstan [North Kazakhstan] (Petropavl), Zhambyl (Taraz)",
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"note": {
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"text": "administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses); in 1995, the Governments of Kazakhstan and Russia entered into an agreement whereby Russia would lease for a period of 20 years an area of 6,000 sq km enclosing the Baykonur space launch facilities and the city of Bayqongyr (Baykonur, formerly Leninsk); in 2004, a new agreement extended the lease to 2050"
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}
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@ -384,7 +373,7 @@
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"text": "Independence Day, 16 December (1991)"
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},
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"Constitution": {
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"text": "previous 1937, 1978 (preindependence); latest adopted 28 January 1993, approved by referendum 30 August 1995, effective 5 September 1995; amended several times, last in 2011 (2015)"
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"text": "previous 1937, 1978 (preindependence); latest adopted 28 January 1993, approved by referendum 30 August 1995, effective 5 September 1995; amended several times, last in 2011 (2016)"
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},
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"Legal system": {
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"text": "civil law system influenced by Roman-Germanic law and by the theory and practice of the Russian Federation"
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@ -393,14 +382,17 @@
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"text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt"
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},
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"Citizenship": {
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"birthright citizenship": {
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"text": ""
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"citizenship by birth": {
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"text": "no"
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},
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"citizenship by descent only": {
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"text": "at least one parent must be a citizen of Kazakhstan"
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},
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"dual citizenship recognized": {
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"text": "no"
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},
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"residency requirement for naturalization": {
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"text": ""
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"text": "5 years"
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}
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},
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"Suffrage": {
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@ -411,7 +403,7 @@
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"text": "President Nursultan Abishuly NAZARBAYEV (chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 22 February 1990, elected president 1 December 1991)"
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},
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"head of government": {
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"text": "Prime Minister Karim MASIMOV (since 2 April 2014); First Deputy Prime Minister Bakytzhan SAGINTAYEV (since 16 January 2013); Deputy Prime Minister Berdibek SAPARBAYEV (since November 2014)"
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"text": "Prime Minister Bakytzhan SAGINTAYEV (since 9 September 2016); Deputy Prime Minister Dariga NAZARBAYEVA (since 11 September 2015)"
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},
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"cabinet": {
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"text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president"
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@ -425,13 +417,13 @@
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},
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"Legislative branch": {
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"description": {
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"text": ".bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (47 seats; 32 members indirectly elected by majority two-round vote by the oblast-level assemblies and 15 members appointed by the president; members serve 6-year terms, with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years) and the Mazhilis (107 seats; 98 members directly elected in a single national constituency by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms and 9 indirectly elected by the Assembly of People of Kazakhstan, a 350-member, presidentially appointed advisory body designed to represent the country's ethnic minorities)"
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"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (47 seats; 32 members indirectly elected by majority two-round vote by the oblast-level assemblies and 15 members appointed by the president; members serve 6-year terms, with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years) and the Mazhilis (107 seats; 98 members directly elected in a single national constituency by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms and 9 indirectly elected by the Assembly of People of Kazakhstan, a 350-member, presidentially appointed advisory body designed to represent the country's ethnic minorities)"
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},
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"elections": {
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"text": "Senate - last held on 1 October 2014 (next to be held in 2017); Mazhilis - last held on 15 January 2012 (next to be held by November 2016)"
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"text": "Senate - last held on 1 October 2014 (next to be held in 2017); Mazhilis - last held on 20 March 2016 (next to be held by 2021)"
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},
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"election results": {
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"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Nur Otan 16; Mazhilis - percent of vote by party - Nur Otan 81%, Ak Zhol 7.5%, Communist People's Party 7.2%, other 4.3%; seats by party - Nur Otan 83, Ak Zhol 8, Communist People's Party 7"
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"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Nur Otan 16; Mazhilis - percent of vote by party - Nur Otan 82.2%, Ak Zhol 7.2%, Communist People's Party 7.1%, other 3.5%; seats by party - Nur Otan 84, Ak Zhol 7, Communist People's Party 7"
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}
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},
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"Judicial branch": {
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@ -439,20 +431,20 @@
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"text": "Supreme Court of the Republic (consists of 44 members); Constitutional Council (consists of 7 members)"
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},
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"judge selection and term of office": {
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"text": "Supreme Court judges proposed by the president of the republic on recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council, and confirmed by the Senate; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Council - the president of the republic, the Senate chairperson, the Majilis chairperson each appoints 1 member for a 3-year term and each appoints 1 member for a 6-year term; chairperson of the Constitutional Council appointed by the president of the republic for a 6-year term"
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"text": "Supreme Court judges proposed by the president of the republic on recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council and confirmed by the Senate; judges normally serve until age 65 but can be extended to age 70; Constitutional Council - the president of the republic, the Senate chairperson, and the Majilis chairperson each appoints 1 member for a 3-year term and each appoints 1 member for a 6-year term; chairperson of the Constitutional Council appointed by the president of the republic for a 6-year term"
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},
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"subordinate courts": {
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"text": "regional and local courts"
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}
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},
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"Political parties and leaders": {
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"text": "Ak Zhol (Bright Path) Party or Democratic Party of Kazakhstan Ak Zhol [Azat PERUASHEV] ++ Alga [Vladimir KOZLOV] (unregistered and banned as extremist in November 2012) ++ Auyl (Village) [Gani KALIYEV] ++ Azat (Freedom) Party [Bolat ABILOV] (formerly True Ak Zhol Party) ++ Birlik (Unity) [Seril SULTANGALI] (Birlik is an April 2013 merger of Adilet (Justice; formerly Democratic Party of Kazakhstan) and Rukhaniyat (Spirituality)) ++ NSDP [Zharmakhan TUYAKBAY] ++ Communist Party of Kazakhstan or KPK [Serikbolsyn ABDILDIN] (suspended by court decision) ++ Communist People's Party of Kazakhstan [Vladislav KOSAREV] ++ National Social Democratic Party or NSDP [Zharmakhan TUYAKBAY] ++ Nur Otan (Radiant Fatherland) Democratic People's Party [Nursultan NAZARBAYEV] (the Agrarian, Asar, and Civic parties merged with Otan) ++ Patriots' Party [Gani KASYMOV]"
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"text": "Ak Zhol (Bright Path) Party or Democratic Party of Kazakhstan Ak Zhol [Azat PERUASHEV] ++ Auyl National Patriotic Party [Ali BEKTAYEV] (Auyl is a September 2015 merger of the Patriots’ Party and the Auyl Social Democratic Party) ++ Birlik (Unity) [Seril SULTANGALI] (Birlik is an April 2013 merger of Adilet (Justice; formerly Democratic Party of Kazakhstan) and Rukhaniyat (Spirituality)) ++ Communist People's Party of Kazakhstan [Vladislav KOSAREV] ++ National Social Democratic Party or NSDP [Zharmakhan TUYAKBAY] ++ Nur Otan (Radiant Fatherland) Democratic People's Party [Nursultan NAZARBAYEV] (the Agrarian, Asar, and Civic parties merged with Otan)"
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},
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"Political pressure groups and leaders": {
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"text": "Adil-Soz [Tamara KALEYEVA] ++ Almaty Helsinki Committee [Ninel FOKINA] ++ Confederation of Free Trade Unions [Sergei BELKIN] ++ For Fair Elections [Yevgeniy ZHOVTIS, Sabit ZHUSUPOV, Sergey DUVANOV, Ibrash NUSUPBAYEV] ++ Kazakhstan International Bureau on Human Rights [Yevgeniy ZHOVTIS, Chairman of Bureau's Council, Roza AKYLBEKOVA, director] ++ Khalyk Maidany (Peoples' Front) - an informal union between the unregistered Alga Party, the unregistered Communist Party of Kazakhstan, and several opposition-oriented civil society groups, banned in November 2012 [no formal leader] ++ Pan-National Social Democratic Party of Kazakhstan [Zharmakhan TUYAKBAY] ++ Pensioners Movement or Pokoleniye [Irina SAVOSTINA, chairwoman] ++ Republican Network of International Monitors [Daniyar LIVAZOV] ++ Transparency International [Sergey ZLOTNIKOV]"
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"text": "Adil-Soz [Tamara KALEYEVA] ++ Confederation of Free Trade Unions [Larissa KHARKOVA] ++ Foundation for Support of Civil Initiatives [Nurul RAKHIMBEK] ++ International Legal Initiative [Aina SHORMANBAYEVA] ++ Kazakhstan International Bureau on Human Rights [Yevgeniy ZHOVTIS, Chairman of Bureau's Council, Roza AKYLBEKOVA, director] ++ Legal Media Centre (sometimes known as the North Kazakhstan Legal Media Centre) [Diana OKREMOVA] ++ Public Foundation for Parliamentary Development [Zauresh BATTALOVA] ++ Republican Network of International Monitors [Daniyar LIVAZOV] ++ Transparency International [Sergey ZLOTNIKOV]"
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},
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"International organization participation": {
|
||||
"text": "ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (compliant country), FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer), ZC"
|
||||
"text": "ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAEU, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (compliant country), FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer), ZC"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -511,58 +503,58 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Economy": {
|
||||
"Economy - overview": {
|
||||
"text": "Kazakhstan, geographically the largest of the former Soviet republics, excluding Russia, possesses substantial fossil fuel reserves and other minerals and metals, such as uranium, copper, and zinc. It also has a large agricultural sector featuring livestock and grain. In 2002 Kazakhstan became the first country in the former Soviet Union to receive an investment-grade credit rating. Extractive industries have been and will continue to be the engine of Kazakhstan's growth, although the country is seriously pursuing diversification strategies. Kazakhstan is landlocked, with restricted access to the high seas. Although its Caspian Sea ports, pipelines, and rail lines carrying oil have been upgraded, civil aviation and roadways continue to need attention. Supply and distribution of electricity can be erratic because of regional dependencies, but the country is moving forward with plans to improve reliability of electricity and gas supply to its population. The government realizes that its economy suffers from an overreliance on oil and extractive industries. Kazakhstan has embarked on an ambitious diversification program, aimed at developing targeted sectors like transport, pharmaceuticals, telecommunications, petrochemicals and food processing. In 2010 Kazakhstan joined the Belarus-Kazakhstan-Russia Customs Union in an effort to boost foreign investment and improve trade relationships. The Customs Union evolved into the Eurasian Economic Union in January 2015. During 2014, Kazakhstan’s economy was hampered by Russia’s slowing economy, the weakening ruble, falling oil prices, and problems at its Kashagan oil field. Kazakhstan devalued its currency, the tenge, by 19% in February and in November the government announced a stimulus package to cope with the economic challenges."
|
||||
"text": "Kazakhstan, geographically the largest of the former Soviet republics, excluding Russia, possesses substantial fossil fuel reserves and other minerals and metals, such as uranium, copper, and zinc. It also has a large agricultural sector featuring livestock and grain. The government realizes that its economy suffers from an overreliance on oil and extractive industries and has embarked on an ambitious diversification program, aimed at developing targeted sectors like transport, pharmaceuticals, telecommunications, petrochemicals and food processing. ++ ++ Kazakhstan's vast hydrocarbon and mineral reserves form the backbone of its economy. Kazakhstan is landlocked and depends on Russia to export its oil to Europe. In 2010, Kazakhstan joined Russia and Belarus to establish a Customs Union in an effort to boost foreign investment and improve trade. The Customs Union evolved into a Single Economic Space in 2012 and the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) in January 2015. ++ ++ The economic downturn of its EEU partner, Russia, and the decline in global commodity prices have contributed to an economic slowdown in Kazakhstan, which is experiencing its slowest economic growth since the financial crises of 2008-09. Kazakhstan devalued its currency, the tenge, by 19% in February 2014, and in November 2014, the government announced a stimulus package to cope with its economic challenges. In spring 2015, Kazakhstan embarked on an ambitious reform agenda to modernize its economy and improve its institutions. In the face of further decline in the ruble, oil prices, and the regional economic slowdown, Kazakhstan announced in August 2015 that it would cancel its currency band in favor of a floating exchange rate that sparked further devaluation of the tenge. In 2015, Kazakhstan's president signed into law a new Entrepreneurial Code and a new Labor Code, both aimed at improving the business environment. Despite some positive institutional and legislative changes, investors remain concerned about corruption, bureaucracy, and arbitrary law enforcement, especially at the regional and municipal levels."
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
|
||||
"text": "$420 billion (2014 est.) ++ $402.7 billion (2013 est.) ++ $379.9 billion (2012 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "$458.2 billion (2015 est.) ++ $453 billion (2014 est.) ++ $434.3 billion (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
|
||||
"text": "$216 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$184.4 billion (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - real growth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "4.3% (2014 est.) ++ 6% (2013 est.) ++ 5% (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "1.2% (2015 est.) ++ 4.3% (2014 est.) ++ 6% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
|
||||
"text": "$24,100 (2014 est.) ++ $23,100 (2013 est.) ++ $21,800 (2012 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "$25,900 (2015 est.) ++ $26,000 (2014 est.) ++ $25,300 (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving": {
|
||||
"text": "26.6% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 24.3% of GDP (2013 est.) ++ 25.3% of GDP (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "27.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 27.7% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 24.2% of GDP (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
|
||||
"household consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "48.5%"
|
||||
"text": "54.3%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"government consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "11.3%"
|
||||
"text": "12.3%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"investment in fixed capital": {
|
||||
"text": "20.8%"
|
||||
"text": "24%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"investment in inventories": {
|
||||
"text": "5.6%"
|
||||
"text": "5.3%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"exports of goods and services": {
|
||||
"text": "40.9%"
|
||||
"text": "30.1%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"imports of goods and services": {
|
||||
"text": "-27% ++ (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-26.2% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
"text": "4.7%"
|
||||
"text": "5%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"industry": {
|
||||
"text": "36%"
|
||||
"text": "32.5%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"services": {
|
||||
"text": "59.3% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "62.5% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Agriculture - products": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -572,10 +564,10 @@
|
|||
"text": "oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur, uranium, iron and steel; tractors and other agricultural machinery, electric motors, construction materials"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Industrial production growth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "1.8% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0.1% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force": {
|
||||
"text": "9.102 million (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "8.989 million (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force - by occupation": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -585,11 +577,11 @@
|
|||
"text": "11.9%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"services": {
|
||||
"text": "62.3% (2012)"
|
||||
"text": "62.3% (2012 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Unemployment rate": {
|
||||
"text": "5% (2014 est.) ++ 5.2% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "5% (2015 est.) ++ 5% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Population below poverty line": {
|
||||
"text": "5.3% (2011 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -607,83 +599,88 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$40.86 billion"
|
||||
"text": "$34.43 billion"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "$43.48 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$37.1 billion (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "18.9% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "19.9% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
|
||||
"text": "-1.2% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-1.5% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Public debt": {
|
||||
"text": "15.5% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 13.3% of GDP (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "24.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 14.8% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Fiscal year": {
|
||||
"text": "calendar year"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
|
||||
"text": "6.7% (2014 est.) ++ 5.8% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "6.5% (2015 est.) ++ 6.7% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Central bank discount rate": {
|
||||
"text": "5.5% (31 December 2012) ++ 7.5% (31 December 2011)"
|
||||
"text": "16% (31 December 2015) ++ 5.5% (31 December 2014)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Commercial bank prime lending rate": {
|
||||
"text": "7.24% (31 December 2014 est.) ++ 6.3% (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "9.56% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 7.24% (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of narrow money": {
|
||||
"text": "$16.35 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $22.9 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$8.933 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $16.35 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of broad money": {
|
||||
"text": "$52.89 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $56.49 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of domestic credit": {
|
||||
"text": "$78.46 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $89.74 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$50.83 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $78.46 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Market value of publicly traded shares": {
|
||||
"text": "$23.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $43.3 billion (31 December 2011) ++ $60.74 billion (31 December 2010 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$34.89 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $22.97 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $26.23 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Current account balance": {
|
||||
"text": "$4.643 billion (2014 est.) ++ $927 million (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-$4.436 billion (2015 est.) ++ $5.994 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports": {
|
||||
"text": "$80.28 billion (2014 est.) ++ $85.6 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$46.29 billion (2015 est.) ++ $80.24 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "oil and oil products, natural gas, ferrous metals, chemicals, machinery, grain, wool, meat, coal"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "China 15.9%, Russia 12.1%, Germany 9.5%, France 8.5%, Italy 5.3%, Greece 5.3%, Romania 5% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "China 15.1%, Russia 12.3%, France 9.2%, Germany 7.9%, Italy 6.7%, Greece 4.1% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports": {
|
||||
"text": "$43.58 billion (2014 est.) ++ $50.8 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$33.65 billion (2015 est.) ++ $43.55 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "machinery and equipment, metal products, foodstuffs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "Russia 32.2%, China 29%, Germany 5% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "Russia 32.9%, China 25.9%, Germany 4.2% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
|
||||
"text": "$28.92 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $24.68 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$28.07 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $29.21 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Debt - external": {
|
||||
"text": "$155.4 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $148.5 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$153.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $157.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": {
|
||||
"text": "$136.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $129.6 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$139.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $132.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": {
|
||||
"text": "$31.46 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $29.12 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$33.77 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $30.56 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exchange rates": {
|
||||
"text": "tenge (KZT) per US dollar - ++ 179.19 (2014 est.) ++ 179.19 (2013 est.) ++ 149.11 (2012 est.) ++ 146.62 (2011 est.) ++ 147.36 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "tenge (KZT) per US dollar - ++ 221.73 (2015 est.) ++ 179.19 (2014 est.) ++ 179.19 (2013 est.) ++ 149.11 (2012 est.) ++ 146.62 (2011 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Energy": {
|
||||
"Electricity access": {
|
||||
"electrification - total population": {
|
||||
"text": "100% (2016)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - production": {
|
||||
"text": "90.53 billion kWh (2012 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -757,18 +754,18 @@
|
|||
"Communications": {
|
||||
"Telephones - fixed lines": {
|
||||
"total subscriptions": {
|
||||
"text": "4.34 million"
|
||||
"text": "4,143,100"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "24 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "23 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephones - mobile cellular": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "28 million"
|
||||
"text": "31.39 million"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "156 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "173 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephone system": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -776,34 +773,45 @@
|
|||
"text": "inherited an outdated telecommunications network from the Soviet era requiring modernization"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"domestic": {
|
||||
"text": "intercity by landline and microwave radio relay; number of fixed-line connections is gradually increasing and fixed-line teledensity now roughly 25 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage has increased rapidly and the subscriber base now exceeds 140 per 100 persons"
|
||||
"text": "intercity by landline and microwave radio relay; number of fixed-line connections is inadequate; mobile-cellular usage has increased rapidly and the subscriber base now exceeds 170 per 100 persons"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"international": {
|
||||
"text": "country code - 7; international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (2008)"
|
||||
"text": "country code - 7; international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Broadcast media": {
|
||||
"text": "state owns nearly all radio and TV transmission facilities and operates national TV and radio networks; nearly all nationwide TV networks are wholly or partly owned by the government; some former state-owned media outlets have been privatized; households with satellite dishes have access to foreign media; a small number of commercial radio stations operate along with state-run radio stations; recent legislation requires all media outlets to register with the government and all TV providers to broadcast in digital format by 2018 (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Radio broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "AM 60, FM 18, shortwave 9 (2008)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Television broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "12 (plus 9 repeaters) (1998)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet country code": {
|
||||
"text": ".kz"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "10.6 million"
|
||||
"text": "13.23 million"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "59.3% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "72.9% (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transportation": {
|
||||
"National air transport system": {
|
||||
"number of registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "10"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "71"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "5,081,631"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual freight traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "37,669,008 mt-km (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
|
||||
"text": "UP (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports": {
|
||||
"text": "96 (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -844,7 +852,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "5"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": " ++ 13 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "13 (2013)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -895,37 +903,13 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military": {
|
||||
"Military and Security": {
|
||||
"Military branches": {
|
||||
"text": "Kazakhstan Armed Forces: Ground Forces, Navy, Air Mobile Forces, Air Defense Forces (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation is 2 years, but Kazakhstan may be transitioning to a contract force; 19 is the legal minimum age for voluntary service; military cadets in intermediate (ages 15-17) and higher (ages 17-21) education institutes are classified as military service personnel (2012)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower available for military service": {
|
||||
"males age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "4,163,629"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"females age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "4,179,051 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower fit for military service": {
|
||||
"males age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "2,909,999"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"females age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "3,528,169 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually": {
|
||||
"male": {
|
||||
"text": "125,322"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"female": {
|
||||
"text": "119,541 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "1.21% of GDP (2012) ++ 0.97% of GDP (2011) ++ 1.21% of GDP (2010)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -936,7 +920,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "7,038 (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "7,909 (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Illicit drugs": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue