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nov/5 up
This commit is contained in:
Gerald Bauer
parent
780ac9e05b
commit
ca94e2fef5
261 changed files with 32420 additions and 31899 deletions
301
africa/ts.json
301
africa/ts.json
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@ -26,10 +26,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Area - comparative": {
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"text": "slightly larger than Georgia",
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"Area comparison map": {
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"text": null
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}
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"text": "slightly larger than Georgia"
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},
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"Land boundaries": {
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"total": {
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@ -59,12 +56,12 @@
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"Terrain": {
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"text": "mountains in north; hot, dry central plain; semiarid south merges into the Sahara"
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},
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"Elevation extremes": {
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"lowest point": {
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"text": "Shatt al Gharsah -17 m"
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"Elevation": {
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"mean elevation": {
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"text": "246 m"
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},
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"highest point": {
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"text": "Jebel ech Chambi 1,544 m"
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"elevation extremes": {
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"text": "lowest point: Shatt al Gharsah -17 m ++ highest point: Jebel ech Chambi 1,544 m"
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}
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},
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"Natural resources": {
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@ -82,18 +79,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Irrigated land": {
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"text": "3,970 sq km (2003)"
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "4.6 cu km (2011)"
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},
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"Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)": {
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"total": {
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"text": "2.85 cu km/yr (14%/4%/82%)"
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},
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"per capita": {
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"text": "295.8 cu m/yr (2001)"
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}
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"text": "4,590 sq km (2012)"
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},
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"Natural hazards": {
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"text": "NA"
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@ -114,6 +100,9 @@
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}
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},
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"People and Society": {
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"Population": {
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"text": "11,134,588 (July 2016 est.)"
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},
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"Nationality": {
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"noun": {
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"text": "Tunisian(s)"
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@ -132,32 +121,26 @@
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}
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},
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"Religions": {
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"text": "Muslim (official; Sunni) 99.1%, other (includes Christian, Jewish, Shia Muslim, and Baha'i) 1%",
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"religious affiliation": {
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"text": null
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}
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"text": "Muslim (official; Sunni) 99.1%, other (includes Christian, Jewish, Shia Muslim, and Baha'i) 1%"
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},
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"Population": {
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"text": "11,037,225 (July 2015 est.)"
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"Demographic profile": {
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"text": "The Tunisian Government took steps in the 1960s to decrease population growth and gender inequality in order to improve socioeconomic development. Through its introduction of a national family planning program (the first in Africa) and by raising the legal age of marriage, Tunisia rapidly reduced its total fertility rate from about 7 children per woman in 1960 to 2 today. Unlike many of its North African and Middle Eastern neighbors, Tunisia will soon be shifting from being a youth-bulge country to having a transitional age structure, characterized by lower fertility and mortality rates, a slower population growth rate, a rising median age, and a longer average life expectancy. Currently, the sizable young working-age population is straining Tunisia’s labor market and education and health care systems. Persistent high unemployment among Tunisia’s growing workforce, particularly its increasing number of university graduates and women, was a key factor in the uprisings that led to the overthrow of the BEN ALI regime in 2011. In the near term, Tunisia’s large number of jobless young, working-age adults; deficiencies in primary and secondary education; and the ongoing lack of job creation and skills mismatches could contribute to future unrest. In the longer term, a sustained low fertility rate will shrink future youth cohorts and alleviate demographic pressure on Tunisia’s labor market, but employment and education hurdles will still need to be addressed. Tunisia has a history of labor emigration. In the 1960s, workers migrated to European countries to escape poor economic conditions and to fill Europe’s need for low-skilled labor in construction and manufacturing. The Tunisian Government signed bilateral labor agreements with France, Germany, Belgium, Hungary, and the Netherlands, with the expectation that Tunisian workers would eventually return home. At the same time, growing numbers of Tunisians headed to Libya, often illegally, to work in the expanding oil industry. In the mid-1970s, with European countries beginning to restrict immigration and Tunisian-Libyan tensions brewing, Tunisian economic migrants turned toward the Gulf countries. After mass expulsions from Libya in 1983, Tunisian migrants increasingly sought family reunification in Europe or moved illegally to southern Europe, while Tunisia itself developed into a transit point for sub-Saharan migrants heading to Europe. Following the ousting of BEN ALI in 2011, the illegal migration of unemployed Tunisian youths to Italy and onward to France soared into the tens of thousands. Thousands more Tunisian and foreign workers escaping civil war in Libya flooded into Tunisia and joined the exodus. A readmission agreement signed by Italy and Tunisia in April 2011 helped stem the outflow, leaving Tunisia and international organizations to repatriate, resettle, or accommodate some 1 million Libyans and third-country nationals."
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},
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"Age structure": {
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"0-14 years": {
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"text": "23.03% (male 1,309,910/female 1,232,149)"
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"text": "23.02% (male 1,320,426/female 1,243,287)"
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},
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"15-24 years": {
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"text": "15.53% (male 860,967/female 853,502)"
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"text": "15.05% (male 840,907/female 834,320)"
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},
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"25-54 years": {
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"text": "44.58% (male 2,388,056/female 2,532,035)"
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"text": "44.52% (male 2,402,272/female 2,554,362)"
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},
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"55-64 years": {
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"text": "8.82% (male 494,054/female 479,469)"
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"text": "9.21% (male 520,305/female 505,612)"
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},
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"65 years and over": {
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"text": "8.04% (male 435,737/female 451,346) (2015 est.)"
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},
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"population pyramid": {
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"text": null
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"text": "8.2% (male 448,870/female 464,227) (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Dependency ratios": {
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@ -176,26 +159,26 @@
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},
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"Median age": {
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"total": {
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"text": "31.9 years"
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"text": "32.4 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "31.5 years"
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"text": "31.9 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "32.3 years (2015 est.)"
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"text": "32.7 years (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Population growth rate": {
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"text": "0.89% (2015 est.)"
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"text": "0.86% (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Birth rate": {
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"text": "16.64 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "16.4 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Death rate": {
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"text": "5.98 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "6 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Net migration rate": {
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"text": "-1.73 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "-1.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Urbanization": {
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"urban population": {
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@ -228,7 +211,7 @@
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"text": "0.97 male(s)/female"
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},
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"total population": {
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"text": "0.99 male(s)/female (2015 est.)"
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"text": "0.99 male(s)/female (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Maternal mortality rate": {
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@ -236,34 +219,34 @@
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},
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"Infant mortality rate": {
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"total": {
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"text": "22.35 deaths/1,000 live births"
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"text": "21.6 deaths/1,000 live births"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "25.71 deaths/1,000 live births"
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"text": "24.8 deaths/1,000 live births"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "18.76 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)"
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"text": "18.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Life expectancy at birth": {
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"total population": {
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"text": "75.89 years"
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"text": "76.1 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "73.79 years"
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"text": "74 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "78.14 years (2015 est.)"
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"text": "78.4 years (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Total fertility rate": {
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"text": "1.99 children born/woman (2015 est.)"
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"text": "1.98 children born/woman (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
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"text": "62.5% (2011/12)"
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},
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"Health expenditures": {
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"text": "7.1% of GDP (2013)"
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"text": "7% of GDP (2014)"
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},
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"Physicians density": {
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"text": "1.22 physicians/1,000 population (2010)"
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@ -288,13 +271,13 @@
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}
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
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"text": "0.04% (2014 est.)"
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"text": "0.04% (2015 est.)"
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
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"text": "2,700 (2014 est.)"
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"text": "2,600 (2015 est.)"
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
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"text": "100 (2014 est.)"
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"text": "100 (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
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"text": "27.1% (2014)"
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@ -324,15 +307,21 @@
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"text": "15 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "14 years"
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"text": "NA"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "15 years (2010)"
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"text": "NA (2014)"
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}
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},
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"Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": {
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"total": {
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"text": "42.3% (2011 est.)"
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"text": "37.6%"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "35.7%"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "41.8% (2012 est.)"
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}
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}
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},
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@ -349,10 +338,13 @@
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},
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"local short form": {
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"text": "Tunis"
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},
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"note": {
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"text": "the country name derives from the capital city of Tunis"
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}
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},
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"Government type": {
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"text": "republic"
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"text": "parliamentary republic"
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},
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"Capital": {
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"name": {
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@ -375,7 +367,7 @@
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"text": "Independence Day, 20 March (1956); Revolution and Youth Day, 14 January (2011)"
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},
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"Constitution": {
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"text": "several previous; latest approved by Constituent Assembly 26 January 2014, signed by president on 27 January 2014 (2015)"
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"text": "several previous; latest approved by Constituent Assembly 26 January 2014, signed by president on 27 January 2014 (2016)"
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},
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"Legal system": {
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"text": "mixed legal system of civil law, based on the French civil code, and Islamic law; some judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court in joint session"
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@ -383,6 +375,20 @@
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"International law organization participation": {
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"text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
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},
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"Citizenship": {
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"citizenship by birth": {
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"text": "no"
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},
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"citizenship by descent only": {
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"text": "at least one parent must be a citizen of Tunisia"
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},
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"dual citizenship recognized": {
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"text": "yes"
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},
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"residency requirement for naturalization": {
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"text": "5 years"
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}
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},
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"Suffrage": {
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"text": "18 years of age; universal except for active government security forces (including the police and the military), people with mental disabilities, people who have served more than three months in prison (criminal cases only), and people given a suspended sentence of more than six months"
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},
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@ -391,7 +397,7 @@
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"text": "President Beji CAID ESSEBSI (since 31 December 2014)"
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},
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"head of government": {
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"text": "Prime Minister Habib ESSID (since 6 February 2015)"
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"text": "Prime Minister Youssef CHAHED (since 27 August 2016)"
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},
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"cabinet": {
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"text": "selected by the prime minister and approved by the Constituent Assembly"
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@ -416,23 +422,26 @@
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},
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"Judicial branch": {
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"highest court(s)": {
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"text": "Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation (organized into civil and criminal chambers and consists of NA judges)"
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"text": "Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation (organized into 1 civil and 3 criminal chambers); Constitutional Court (consists of 12 members)"
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},
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"note": {
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"text": "the new Tunisian constitution of January 2014 called for the creation of a constitutional court by the end of 2015; the court will consist of 12 members - 4 each appointed by the president, Supreme Judicial Council or SJC (an independent 4-part body consisting mainly of elected judges and the remainder legal specialists), and the Chamber of the People's Deputies (parliament); members will serve 9-year terms with one-third of the membership renewed every 3 years; in late 2015, the International Commission of Jurists called on Tunisia's parliament to revise the draft on the constitutional court to ensure compliance with international standards"
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},
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"judge selection and term of office": {
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"text": "judges nominated by the Higher Magistracy Council (also called the Superior Council of the Judiciary), a 7-member body of judges and prosecutors; judges appointed by presidential decree; judge tenure NA"
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"text": "Supreme Court judges nominated by the Supreme Judicial Council (SJC), a body of elected and appointed judges and specialized staff, after consultation with the prime minister; judge tenure based on terms of appointment; Constitutional Court members appointed 3 each by the president of the republic, the Chamber of the People's Deputies, and the SJC; members serve 9-year terms with one-third of the membership renewed every 3 years"
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},
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"subordinate courts": {
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"text": "Administrative Court; Courts of Appeal; Housing Court; courts of first instance; lower district courts; military courts"
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"text": "Courts of Appeal; administrative courts; Court of Audit; Housing Court; courts of first instance; lower district courts; military courts"
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}
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},
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"Political parties and leaders": {
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"text": "Afek Tounes [Emna MINF] ++ Congress for the Republic or CPR [Imed DAIMI] ++ Current of Love [Mohamed HAMDI] (formerly the Popular Petition party) ++ Democratic Alliance Party [Mohamed HAMDI] ++ Democratic Current [Mohamed ABBOU] ++ Ennahda Movement (The Renaissance) [Rachid GHANNOUCHI] ++ Free Patriotic Union or UPL (Union patriotique libre) [Slim RIAHI] ++ Movement of Socialist Democrats or MDS [Ahmed KHASKHOUSSI] ++ National Destourian Initiative or El Moubadra [Kamel MORJANE] ++ People's Movement [Zouheir MAGHZAOUI] ++ Popular Front (a coalition of 9 parties including Democractic Patriots' Movement, Workers' Party, Green Tunisia, Tunisian Ba'ath Movement, and Party of the Democractic Arab Vanguard) ++ Popular Petition (Aridha Chaabia) [Hachemi HAMDI] ++ Republican Party [Maya JRIBI] ++ The Initiative [Kamel MORJANE] (formerly the Constitutional Democratic Rally or RCD) ++ Tunisia's Call (Nidaa Tounes) [Beji CAID ESSEBSI] ++ Tunisian Workers' Communist Party or PCOT [Hamma HAMMAMI]"
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"text": "Afek Tounes [Yassine BRAHIM] ++ Congress for the Republic or CPR [Imed DAIMI] ++ Current of Love [Mohamed HAMDI] (formerly the Popular Petition party) ++ Democratic Alliance Party [Mohamed HAMDI] ++ Democratic Current [Mohamed ABBOU] ++ Democratic Patriots' Unified Party ++ Ennahda Movement (The Renaissance) [Rachid GHANNOUCHI] ++ Free Patriotic Union or UPL (Union patriotique libre) [Slim RIAHI] ++ Green Tunisia Party [Abdelkader ZITOUNI] ++ Movement of Socialist Democrats or MDS [Ahmed KHASKHOUSSI] ++ National Destourian Initiative or El Moubadra [Kamel MORJANE] ++ Party of the Democratic Arab Vanguard ++ People's Movement [Zouheir MAGHZAOUI] ++ Popular Front (a coalition of 9 parties including Democractic Patriots' Unified Party, Workers' Party, Green Tunisia, Tunisian Ba'ath Movement, and Party of the Democractic Arab Vanguard) ++ Popular Petition (Aridha Chaabia) [Hachemi HAMDI] ++ Republican Party [Maya JRIBI] ++ The Initiative [Kamel MORJANE] (formerly the Constitutional Democratic Rally or RCD) ++ Tunisian Ba'ath Movement [Omar Othman BEKHADJ, secretary general] ++ Tunisia's Call (Nidaa Tounes) [Mohamed ENNACEUR] ++ Workers' Party [Hamma HAMMAMI]"
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},
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"Political pressure groups and leaders": {
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"text": "18 October Group [collective leadership] ++ Tunisian League for Human Rights or LTDH [Mokhtar TRIFI] ++ Tunisian General Labor Union or UGTT [Hassine ABASSI]"
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},
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"International organization participation": {
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"text": "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BSEC (observer), CAEU, CD, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
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"text": "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BSEC (observer), CAEU, CD, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
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},
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"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
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"chief of mission": {
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@ -450,7 +459,7 @@
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},
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"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
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"chief of mission": {
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"text": "Ambassador Jacob WALLES (since 24 July 2012)"
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"text": "Ambassador Daniel H. RUBENSTEIN (Since 22 October 2015)"
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},
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"embassy": {
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"text": "Zone Nord-Est des Berges du Lac Nord de Tunis 1053"
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@ -488,58 +497,58 @@
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},
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"Economy": {
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"Economy - overview": {
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"text": "Tunisia's diverse, market-oriented economy has long been cited as a success story in Africa and the Middle East, but it faces an array of challenges following the 2011 revolution. Following an ill-fated experiment with socialist economic policies in the 1960s, Tunisia embarked on a successful strategy focused on bolstering exports, foreign investment, and tourism, all of which have become central to the country's economy. Key exports now include textiles and apparel, food products, petroleum products, chemicals, and phosphates, with about 80% of exports bound for Tunisia's main economic partner, the European Union. Tunisia's liberal strategy, coupled with investments in education and infrastructure, fueled decades of 4-5% annual GDP growth and improving living standards. Former President (1987-2011) Zine el Abidine BEN ALI continued these policies, but as his reign wore on cronyism and corruption stymied economic performance and unemployment rose among the country's growing ranks of university graduates. These grievances contributed to the January 2011 overthrow of BEN ALI, sending Tunisia's economy into a tailspin as tourism and investment declined sharply. During 2012 and 2013, security and political upheaval during transition led to a deterioration of the economy and resulted in several downgrades of Tunisia’s credit rating. Tunisia's government faces challenges reassuring businesses and investors, bringing budget and current account deficits under control, shoring up the country's financial system, bringing down high unemployment, and reducing economic disparities between the more developed coastal region and the impoverished interior."
|
||||
"text": "Tunisia's diverse, market-oriented economy has long been cited as a success story in Africa and the Middle East, but it faces an array of challenges following the 2011 Arab Spring revolution. Following an ill-fated experiment with socialist economic policies in the 1960s, Tunisia embarked on a successful strategy focused on bolstering exports, foreign investment, and tourism, all of which have become central to the country's economy. Key exports now include textiles and apparel, food products, petroleum products, chemicals, and phosphates, with about 80% of exports bound for Tunisia's main economic partner, the EU. ++ ++ Tunisia's liberal strategy, coupled with investments in education and infrastructure, fueled decades of 4-5% annual GDP growth and improving living standards. Former President Zine el Abidine BEN ALI (1987-2011) continued these policies, but as his reign wore on cronyism and corruption stymied economic performance, and unemployment rose among the country's growing ranks of university graduates. These grievances contributed to the January 2011 overthrow of BEN ALI, sending Tunisia's economy into a tailspin as tourism and investment declined sharply. ++ ++ Since its establishment in late 2014, Tunisia’s new government has faced challenges reassuring businesses and investors, bringing budget and current account deficits under control, shoring up the country's financial system, lowering high unemployment, and reducing economic disparities between the more developed coastal region and the impoverished interior. In 2015, successive terrorist attacks against the tourism sector and worker strikes in the phosphate sector, which combined account for nearly 15% of GDP, slowed growth to less than 1% of GDP."
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
|
||||
"text": "$124.7 billion (2014 est.) ++ $121.9 billion (2013 est.) ++ $119.2 billion (2012 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "$127.2 billion (2015 est.) ++ $126.2 billion (2014 est.) ++ $123.4 billion (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
|
||||
"text": "$48.63 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$43.58 billion (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - real growth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "2.3% (2014 est.) ++ 2.3% (2013 est.) ++ 3.7% (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0.8% (2015 est.) ++ 2.3% (2014 est.) ++ 2.4% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
|
||||
"text": "$11,300 (2014 est.) ++ $11,100 (2013 est.) ++ $10,800 (2012 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "$11,500 (2015 est.) ++ $11,500 (2014 est.) ++ $11,300 (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving": {
|
||||
"text": "12.2% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 13.8% of GDP (2013 est.) ++ 16.1% of GDP (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "13.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 14% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 14.4% of GDP (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
|
||||
"household consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "70.8%"
|
||||
"text": "71.2%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"government consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "19.6%"
|
||||
"text": "19.4%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"investment in fixed capital": {
|
||||
"text": "19.6%"
|
||||
"text": "19.7%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"investment in inventories": {
|
||||
"text": "1.1%"
|
||||
"text": "0.6%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"exports of goods and services": {
|
||||
"text": "45.2%"
|
||||
"text": "39.9%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"imports of goods and services": {
|
||||
"text": "-56.3% ++ (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-50.8% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
"text": "9.5%"
|
||||
"text": "10.4%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"industry": {
|
||||
"text": "29.5%"
|
||||
"text": "28.2%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"services": {
|
||||
"text": "61% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "61.4% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Agriculture - products": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -549,10 +558,10 @@
|
|||
"text": "petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate, iron ore), tourism, textiles, footwear, agribusiness, beverages"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Industrial production growth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "-1.1% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-1.5% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force": {
|
||||
"text": "3.995 million (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "4.014 million (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force - by occupation": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -566,17 +575,17 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Unemployment rate": {
|
||||
"text": "14.9% (2014 est.) ++ 15.8% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "15.2% (2015 est.) ++ 15% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Population below poverty line": {
|
||||
"text": "3.8% (2005 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "15.5% (2010 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
|
||||
"lowest 10%": {
|
||||
"text": "2.3%"
|
||||
"text": "2.6%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"highest 10%": {
|
||||
"text": "31.5% (2000)"
|
||||
"text": "27% (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Distribution of family income - Gini index": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -584,26 +593,26 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$11.99 billion"
|
||||
"text": "$10.28 billion"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "$14.12 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$12.18 billion (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "24.7% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "23.6% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
|
||||
"text": "-4.4% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-4.4% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Public debt": {
|
||||
"text": "50.5% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 46.8% of GDP (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "54.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 50.8% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Fiscal year": {
|
||||
"text": "calendar year"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
|
||||
"text": "4.9% (2014 est.) ++ 5.8% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "4.9% (2015 est.) ++ 4.9% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Central bank discount rate": {
|
||||
"text": "5.75% (31 December 2010)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -612,55 +621,60 @@
|
|||
"text": "7.31% (31 December 2014 est.) ++ 6.76% (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of narrow money": {
|
||||
"text": "$12.68 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $13.22 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$12.61 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $12.68 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of broad money": {
|
||||
"text": "$31.32 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $30.9 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of domestic credit": {
|
||||
"text": "$35.82 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $36.95 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$35.73 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $35.82 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Market value of publicly traded shares": {
|
||||
"text": "$8.887 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $9.662 billion (31 December 2011) ++ $10.68 billion (31 December 2010 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$8.887 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $9.662 billion (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $10.68 billion (31 December 2010 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Current account balance": {
|
||||
"text": "-$4.302 billion (2014 est.) ++ -$3.879 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-$3.849 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$4.341 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports": {
|
||||
"text": "$16.84 billion (2014 est.) ++ $17.15 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$14.07 billion (2015 est.) ++ $16.84 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "clothing, semi-finished goods and textiles, agricultural products, mechanical goods, phosphates and chemicals, hydrocarbons, electrical equipment"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "France 29.7%, Italy 17.1%, Germany 11.5%, Libya 5.4% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "France 28.5%, Italy 17.2%, Germany 10.9%, Libya 6.1%, Spain 4.2% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports": {
|
||||
"text": "$23.4 billion (2014 est.) ++ $22.98 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$19.1 billion (2015 est.) ++ $23.4 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "textiles, machinery and equipment, hydrocarbons, chemicals, foodstuffs"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "France 19.9%, Italy 19.5%, Germany 7.6%, China 5.5%, Spain 5.4%, Turkey 4.1% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "France 19.4%, Italy 16.4%, Algeria 8.2%, Germany 7.4%, China 6% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
|
||||
"text": "$7.395 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $7.447 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$7.059 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $7.395 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Debt - external": {
|
||||
"text": "$27.86 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $25.83 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$25.45 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $26.4 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": {
|
||||
"text": "$35.46 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $34.46 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$36.39 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $35.46 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": {
|
||||
"text": "$285 million (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $285 million (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$285 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $285 million (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exchange rates": {
|
||||
"text": "Tunisian dinars (TND) per US dollar - ++ 1.6976 (2014 est.) ++ 1.6976 (2013 est.) ++ 1.56 (2012 est.) ++ 1.4078 (2011 est.) ++ 1.4314 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "Tunisian dinars (TND) per US dollar - ++ 1.9617 (2015 est.) ++ 1.6976 (2014 est.) ++ 1.6976 (2013 est.) ++ 1.56 (2012 est.) ++ 1.4078 (2011 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Energy": {
|
||||
"Electricity access": {
|
||||
"electrification - total population": {
|
||||
"text": "100% (2016)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - production": {
|
||||
"text": "16.09 billion kWh (2012 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -734,18 +748,18 @@
|
|||
"Communications": {
|
||||
"Telephones - fixed lines": {
|
||||
"total subscriptions": {
|
||||
"text": "950,000"
|
||||
"text": "943,508"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "9 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "9 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephones - mobile cellular": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "14.3 million"
|
||||
"text": "14.598 million"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "131 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "132 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephone system": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -753,34 +767,45 @@
|
|||
"text": "above the African average and continuing to be upgraded; key centers are Sfax, Sousse, Bizerte, and Tunis; telephone network is completely digitized; Internet access available throughout the country"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"domestic": {
|
||||
"text": "in an effort to jumpstart expansion of the fixed-line network, the government has awarded a concession to build and operate a VSAT network with international connectivity; rural areas are served by wireless local loops; competition between the two mobile-cellular service providers has resulted in lower activation and usage charges and a strong surge in subscribership; a third mobile, fixed, and ISP operator was licensed in 2009 and began offering services in 2010; expansion of mobile-cellular services to include multimedia messaging and e-mail and Internet to mobile phone services has also lead to a surge in subscribership; overall fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity has reached about 125 telephones per 100 persons"
|
||||
"text": "in an effort to jumpstart expansion of the fixed-line network, the government awarded a concession to build and operate a VSAT network with international connectivity; rural areas are served by wireless local loops; competition between several mobile-cellular service providers has resulted in lower activation and usage charges and a strong surge in subscribership; overall fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity has reached about 140 telephones per 100 persons"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"international": {
|
||||
"text": "country code - 216; a landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable system that provides links to Europe, Middle East, and Asia; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria and Libya; participant in Medarabtel; 2 international gateway digital switches (2011)"
|
||||
"text": "country code - 216; a landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable system that provides links to Europe, Middle East, and Asia; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria and Libya; participant in Medarabtel; 2 international gateway digital switches (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Broadcast media": {
|
||||
"text": "broadcast media is mainly government-controlled; the state-run Tunisian Radio and Television Establishment (ERTT) operates 2 national TV networks, several national radio networks, and a number of regional radio stations; 1 TV and 3 radio stations are privately owned and report domestic news stories directly from the official Tunisian news agency; the state retains control of broadcast facilities and transmitters through L'Office National de la Telediffusion; Tunisians also have access to Egyptian, pan-Arab, and European satellite TV channels (2007)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Radio broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "AM 7, FM 38, shortwave 2 (2007)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Television broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "26 (plus 76 repeaters) (1995)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet country code": {
|
||||
"text": ".tn"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "5 million"
|
||||
"text": "5.355 million"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "45.5% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "48.5% (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transportation": {
|
||||
"National air transport system": {
|
||||
"number of registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "41"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "3,496,190"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual freight traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "10,354,241 mt-km (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
|
||||
"text": "TS (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports": {
|
||||
"text": "29 (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -812,7 +837,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "5"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": " ++ 8 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "8 (2013)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Pipelines": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -857,37 +882,13 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military": {
|
||||
"Military and Security": {
|
||||
"Military branches": {
|
||||
"text": "Tunisian Armed Forces (Forces Armees Tunisiens, FAT): Tunisian Army (includes Tunisian Air Defense Force), Tunisian Navy, Republic of Tunisia Air Force (Al-Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Jamahiriyah At'Tunisia) (2012)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "20-23 years of age for compulsory service, 1-year service obligation; 18-23 years of age for voluntary service; Tunisian nationality required (2012)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower available for military service": {
|
||||
"males age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "2,846,572"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"females age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "2,952,180 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower fit for military service": {
|
||||
"males age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "2,397,716"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"females age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "2,484,097 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually": {
|
||||
"male": {
|
||||
"text": "90,436"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"female": {
|
||||
"text": "87,346 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "1.55% of GDP (2012) ++ 1.34% of GDP (2011) ++ 1.55% of GDP (2010)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -898,10 +899,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Trafficking in persons": {
|
||||
"current situation": {
|
||||
"text": "Tunisia is a source, destination, and possible transit country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; Tunisia’s increased number of street children, children working to support their families, and migrants who have fled unrest in neighboring countries are vulnerable to human trafficking; Tunisian women have been forced into prostitution domestically and elsewhere in the region under false promises of legitimate work; East and West African women may be subjected to forced labor as domestic servants"
|
||||
"text": "Tunisia is a source, destination, and possible transit country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; Tunisia’s increased number of street children, rural children working to support their families, and migrants who have fled unrest in neighboring countries are vulnerable to human trafficking; organized gangs force street children to serve as thieves, beggars, and drug transporters; Tunisian women have been forced into prostitution domestically and elsewhere in the region under false promises of legitimate work; East and West African women may be subjected to forced labor as domestic workers"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"tier rating": {
|
||||
"text": "Tier 2 Watch List – Tunisia does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; prior commitments to enact draft anti-trafficking legislation have not been fulfilled, but a slightly increased number of trafficking offenders were prosecuted and convicted in 2013 under existing trafficking-related laws; the government instituted victim identification procedures and developed a victim referral mechanism, although it was not utilized during the reporting period; anti-trafficking awareness campaigns continued to be implemented, and the government worked with an international organization to produce a baseline study on human trafficking in Tunisia (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "Tier 2 Watch List – Tunisia does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; in 2014, Tunisia was granted a waiver from an otherwise required downgrade to Tier 3 because its government has a written plan that, if implemented would constitute making significant efforts to bring itself into compliance with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; in early 2015, the government drafted a national anti-trafficking action plan outlining proposals to raise awareness and enact draft anti-trafficking legislation; authorities did not provide data on the prosecution and conviction of offenders but reportedly identified 24 victims, as opposed to none in 2013, and operated facilities specifically dedicated to trafficking victims, regardless of nationality and gender; the government did not fully implement its national victim referral mechanism; some unidentified victims were not protected from punishment for unlawful acts directly resulting from being trafficked (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue