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This commit is contained in:
Gerald Bauer
parent
780ac9e05b
commit
ca94e2fef5
261 changed files with 32420 additions and 31899 deletions
275
africa/mr.json
275
africa/mr.json
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@ -59,12 +59,12 @@
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"Terrain": {
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"text": "mostly barren, flat plains of the Sahara; some central hills"
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},
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"Elevation extremes": {
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"lowest point": {
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"text": "Sebkhet Te-n-Dghamcha -5 m"
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"Elevation": {
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"mean elevation": {
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"text": "276 m"
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},
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"highest point": {
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"text": "Kediet Ijill 915 m"
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"elevation extremes": {
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"text": "lowest point: Sebkhet Te-n-Dghamcha -5 m ++ highest point: Kediet Ijill 915 m"
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}
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},
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"Natural resources": {
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@ -82,18 +82,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Irrigated land": {
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"text": "450.1 sq km (2004)"
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "11.4 cu km (2011)"
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},
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"Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)": {
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"total": {
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"text": "1.35 cu km/yr (7%/2%/91%)"
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},
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"per capita": {
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"text": "420.2 cu m/yr (2005)"
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}
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"text": "450 sq km (2012)"
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},
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"Natural hazards": {
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"text": "hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind primarily in March and April; periodic droughts"
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@ -114,6 +103,9 @@
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}
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},
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"People and Society": {
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"Population": {
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"text": "3,677,293 (July 2016 est.)"
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},
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"Nationality": {
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"noun": {
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"text": "Mauritanian(s)"
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@ -134,27 +126,24 @@
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"Religions": {
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"text": "Muslim (official) 100%"
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},
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"Population": {
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"text": "3,596,702 (July 2015 est.)"
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"Demographic profile": {
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"text": "With a sustained total fertility rate of about 4 children per woman and almost 60% of the population under the age of 25, Mauritania’s population is likely to continue growing for the foreseeable future. Mauritania’s large youth cohort is vital to its development prospects, but available schooling does not adequately prepare students for the workplace. Girls continue to be underrepresented in the classroom, educational quality remains poor, and the dropout rate is high. The literacy rate is only about 50%, even though access to primary education has improved since the mid-2000s. Women’s restricted access to education and discriminatory laws maintain gender inequality – worsened by early and forced marriages and female genital cutting. The denial of education to black Moors also helps to perpetuate slavery. Although Mauritania abolished slavery in 1981 (the last country in the world to do so) and made it a criminal offense in 2007, the millenniums-old practice persists largely because anti-slavery laws are rarely enforced and the custom is so ingrained. Up to 20% of Mauritania’s population is estimated to be enslaved, the highest rate worldwide. Drought, poverty, and unemployment have driven outmigration from Mauritania since the 1970s. Early flows were directed toward other West African countries, including Senegal, Mali, Cote d’Ivoire, and Gambia. The 1989 Mauritania-Senegal conflict forced thousands of black Mauritanians to take refuge in Senegal and pushed labor migrants toward the Gulf, Libya, and Europe in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Mauritania has accepted migrants from neighboring countries to fill labor shortages since its independence in 1960 and more recently has received refugees escaping civil wars, including tens of thousands of Tuaregs who fled Mali in 2012. Mauritania was an important transit point for sub-Saharan migrants moving illegally to North Africa and Europe. In the mid-2000s, as border patrols increased in the Strait of Gibraltar, security increased around Spain’s North African enclaves (Ceuta and Melilla), and Moroccan border controls intensified, illegal migration flows shifted from the Western Mediterranean to Spain’s Canary Islands. In 2006, departure points moved southward along the West African coast from Morocco and Western Sahara to Mauritania’s two key ports (Nouadhibou and the capital Nouakchott), and illegal migration to the Canaries peaked at almost 32,000. The numbers fell dramatically in the following years because of joint patrolling off the West African coast by Frontex (the EU’s border protection agency), Spain, Mauritania, and Senegal; the expansion of Spain’s border surveillance system; and the 2008 European economic downturn."
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},
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"Age structure": {
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"0-14 years": {
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"text": "39.18% (male 707,528/female 701,681)"
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"text": "38.87% (male 717,790/female 711,694)"
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},
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"15-24 years": {
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"text": "19.9% (male 350,283/female 365,578)"
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"text": "19.86% (male 357,460/female 372,744)"
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},
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"25-54 years": {
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"text": "32.71% (male 544,670/female 631,891)"
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"text": "32.96% (male 561,341/female 650,580)"
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},
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"55-64 years": {
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"text": "4.55% (male 73,737/female 90,000)"
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"text": "4.61% (male 76,372/female 93,065)"
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},
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"65 years and over": {
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"text": "3.65% (male 55,736/female 75,598) (2015 est.)"
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},
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"population pyramid": {
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"text": null
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"text": "3.71% (male 57,814/female 78,433) (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Dependency ratios": {
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@ -173,26 +162,26 @@
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},
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"Median age": {
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"total": {
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"text": "20.1 years"
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"text": "20.3 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "19.2 years"
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"text": "19.3 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "21 years (2015 est.)"
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"text": "21.2 years (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Population growth rate": {
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"text": "2.23% (2015 est.)"
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"text": "2.2% (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Birth rate": {
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"text": "31.34 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "30.9 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Death rate": {
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"text": "8.2 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "8.1 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Net migration rate": {
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"text": "-0.83 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "-0.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Urbanization": {
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"urban population": {
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@ -225,7 +214,7 @@
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"text": "0.74 male(s)/female"
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},
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"total population": {
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"text": "0.93 male(s)/female (2015 est.)"
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"text": "0.93 male(s)/female (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Maternal mortality rate": {
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@ -233,34 +222,34 @@
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},
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"Infant mortality rate": {
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"total": {
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"text": "54.68 deaths/1,000 live births"
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"text": "53.3 deaths/1,000 live births"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "59.61 deaths/1,000 live births"
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"text": "58.1 deaths/1,000 live births"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "49.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)"
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"text": "48.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Life expectancy at birth": {
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"total population": {
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"text": "62.65 years"
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"text": "63 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "60.35 years"
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"text": "60.7 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "65.02 years (2015 est.)"
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"text": "65.4 years (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Total fertility rate": {
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"text": "4 children born/woman (2015 est.)"
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"text": "3.93 children born/woman (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
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"text": "9.3% (2007)"
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},
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"Health expenditures": {
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"text": "3.8% of GDP (2013)"
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"text": "3.8% of GDP (2014)"
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},
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"Physicians density": {
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"text": "0.13 physicians/1,000 population (2009)"
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@ -285,13 +274,13 @@
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}
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
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"text": "0.66% (2014 est.)"
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"text": "0.57% (2015 est.)"
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
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"text": "15,900 (2014 est.)"
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"text": "13,700 (2015 est.)"
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
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"text": "1,100 (2014 est.)"
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"text": "1,000 (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Major infectious diseases": {
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"degree of risk": {
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@ -307,7 +296,7 @@
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"text": "meningococcal meningitis"
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},
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"animal contact disease": {
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"text": "rabies (2013)"
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"text": "rabies (2016)"
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}
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},
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"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
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@ -317,7 +306,7 @@
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"text": "19.5% (2012)"
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},
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"Education expenditures": {
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"text": "3.8% of GDP (2011)"
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"text": "3.3% of GDP (2013)"
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},
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"Literacy": {
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"definition": {
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@ -335,7 +324,7 @@
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},
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"School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
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"total": {
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"text": "9 years"
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"text": "8 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "9 years"
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@ -366,6 +355,9 @@
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},
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"local short form": {
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"text": "Muritaniyah"
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},
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"etymology": {
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"text": "named for the ancient Kingdom of Mauretania (3rd century B.C. to 1st century A.D.), which existed further north in present-day Morocco; the name derives from the Mauri (Moors), the Berber-speaking peoples of northwest Africa"
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}
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},
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"Government type": {
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@ -383,7 +375,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Administrative divisions": {
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"text": "13 regions (wilayas, singular - wilaya); Adrar, Assaba, Brakna, Dakhlet Nouadhibou, Gorgol, Guidimaka, Hodh ech Chargui, Hodh el Gharbi, Inchiri, Nouakchott, Tagant, Tiris Zemmour, Trarza"
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"text": "15 regions (wilayas, singular - wilaya); Adrar, Assaba, Brakna, Dakhlet Nouadhibou, Gorgol, Guidimaka, Hodh ech Chargui, Hodh El Gharbi, Inchiri, Nouakchott Nord, Nouakchott Ouest, Nouakchott Sud, Tagant, Tiris Zemmour, Trarza"
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},
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"Independence": {
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"text": "28 November 1960 (from France)"
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@ -392,7 +384,7 @@
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"text": "Independence Day, 28 November (1960)"
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},
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"Constitution": {
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"text": "previous 1964; latest adopted 12 July 1991; amended 2004, 2006, 2012 (2015)"
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"text": "previous 1964; latest adopted 12 July 1991; amended 2004, 2006, 2012 (2016)"
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},
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"Legal system": {
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"text": "mixed legal system of Islamic and French civil law"
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@ -400,6 +392,20 @@
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"International law organization participation": {
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"text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt"
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},
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"Citizenship": {
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"citizenship by birth": {
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"text": "no"
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},
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"citizenship by descent only": {
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"text": "at least one parent must be a citizen of Mauritania"
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},
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"dual citizenship recognized": {
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"text": "no"
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},
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"residency requirement for naturalization": {
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"text": "5 years"
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}
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},
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"Suffrage": {
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"text": "18 years of age; universal"
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},
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@ -428,7 +434,7 @@
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"text": "Senate - last held on 23 November 2013 (next election scheduled for 2015 but delayed because of opposition party threats to boycott election); National Assembly - first round last held on 23 November and second round on 21 December 2013 (next to be held in 2018)"
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},
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"election results": {
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"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPM 14 (UPR 12, UDP 2), RNRD-TAWASSOUL 1, independent 2; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UPR 75, RNRD-TAWASSOUL 16, El Wiam 10, APP 7, El Karama Party 6, UDP 6, AJD/MR 4, Burst of Youth for the Nation 4, El Vadila Party 3, PRDR 3, PUD 3, Ravah Party 3, other 6; note - parties winning fewer than 3 seats sit as independents unless they join a coalition"
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"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UPR 75, RNRD-TAWASSOUL 16, El Wiam 10, APP 7, El Karama Party 6, UDP 6, AJD/MR 4, Burst of Youth for the Nation 4, El Vadila Party 3, PRDR 3, PUD 3, Ravah Party 3, other 6; note - parties winning fewer than 3 seats sit as independents unless they join a coalition"
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}
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},
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"Judicial branch": {
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@ -443,7 +449,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Political parties and leaders": {
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"text": "Alliance for Justice and Democracy/Movement for Renewal or AJD/MR [Ibrahima Moctar SARR] ++ Burst of Youth for the Nation [Lalla CHERIVA] ++ Coalition for Pacific Alternation or CAP (coalition of opposition parties, including APP, El Wiam) ++ Coalition of Majority Parties or CPM including UPR, UDP) ++ Coordination of Democratic Opposition or COD [Ahmed Ould DADDAH] (coalition including RNRD-TAWASSOUL) ++ El Karama Party [Cheikhna Ould Mohamed Ould HAJBOU] ++ El Vadila Party [Ethmane Ould Ahmed ABOULMAALY] ++ El Wiam [Boidiel Ould HOUMEIT] ++ National Rally for Reform and Development or RNRD-TAWASSOUL [Mohamed Jamil Ould MANSOUR] ++ Party of Unity and Development or PUD [Mohamed BARO] ++ Popular Progressive Alliance or APP [Messaoud Ould BOULKHEIR] ++ Ravah Party ++ Republican Party for Democracy and Renewal or PRDR [Sidi Mohamed Ould Mohamed VALL] ++ Union for Democracy and Progress or UDP [Naha Mint MOUKNASS] ++ Union for the Republic or UPR [Sidi Mohamed Ould MAHAM]"
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"text": "Alliance for Justice and Democracy/Movement for Renewal or AJD/MR [Ibrahima Moctar SARR] ++ Burst of Youth for the Nation [Lalla CHERIVA] ++ Coalition for Pacific Alternation or CAP (coalition of opposition parties, including APP, El Wiam) ++ Coalition of Majority Parties or CPM (including UPR, UDP) ++ Coordination of Democratic Opposition or COD [Ahmed Ould DADDAH] (coalition including RNRD-TAWASSOUL) ++ El Karama Party [Cheikhna Ould Mohamed Ould HAJBOU] ++ El Vadila Party [Ethmane Ould Ahmed ABOULMAALY] ++ El Wiam [Boidiel Ould HOUMEIT] ++ National Rally for Reform and Development or RNRD-TAWASSOUL [Mohamed Jamil Ould MANSOUR] ++ Party of Unity and Development or PUD [Mohamed BARO] ++ Popular Progressive Alliance or APP [Messaoud Ould BOULKHEIR] ++ Ravah Party ++ Republican Party for Democracy and Renewal or PRDR [Sidi Mohamed Ould Mohamed VALL] ++ Union for Democracy and Progress or UDP [Naha Mint MOUKNASS] ++ Union for the Republic or UPR [Sidi Mohamed Ould MAHAM]"
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},
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"Political pressure groups and leaders": {
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"text": "General Confederation of Mauritanian Workers or CGTM [Abdallahi Ould MOHAMED, secretary general] ++ Independent Confederation of Mauritanian Workers or CLTM and El Hor [Samory Ould BEYE] (civil society organization) ++ Mauritanian Workers Union or UTM [Mohamed Ely Ould BRAHIM, secretary general] ++ SOS-Esclaves [Boubacar MESSAOUD] (anti-slavery group)",
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@ -456,7 +462,7 @@
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},
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"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
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"chief of mission": {
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"text": "Ambassador Mohamed Lemine El HAYCEN (since 28 July 2010)"
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"text": "Ambassador Mohamedoun DADDAH (since 27 June 2016)"
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},
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"chancery": {
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"text": "2129 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008"
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"text": "Ambassador Larry Edward ANDRE, Jr. (since 25 September 2014)"
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},
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"embassy": {
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"text": "288 Rue Abdallaye, Rue 42-100 (between Presidency building and Spanish Embassy), Nouakchott"
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"text": "288, rue 42-100 (rue Abdallaye), Nouakchott"
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},
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"mailing address": {
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"text": "BP 222, Nouakchott"
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"text": "B.P. 222, Nouakchott"
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},
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"telephone": {
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"text": "[222] 4525-2660, -2663"
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"text": "[222] 4525-2660 or [222] 2660-2663"
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},
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"FAX": {
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"text": "[222] 4525-1592"
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@ -505,58 +511,58 @@
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},
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"Economy": {
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"Economy - overview": {
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"text": "Mauritania's economy is dominated by natural resources and agriculture. Half the population still depends on agriculture and livestock for a livelihood, even though many of the nomads and subsistence farmers were forced into the cities by recurrent droughts in the 1970s and 1980s. Recently, GDP growth has been driven by foreign investment in the mining and oil sectors. Mauritania's extensive mineral resources include iron ore, gold, copper, gypsum, and phosphate rock, and exploration is ongoing for uranium, crude oil, and natural gas. Extractive commodities make up about three-quarters of Mauritania's total exports, subjecting the economy to price swings in world commodity markets. Mining is also a growing source of government revenue, rising from 13% to 29% of total revenue between 2006 and 2013. China was Mauritania’s main export and import partner 2013. The nation's coastal waters are among the richest fishing areas in the world, and fishing accounts for about 25% of budget revenues, but overexploitation by foreigners threatens this key source of revenue. Risks to Mauritania's economy include its recurring droughts, dependence on foreign aid and investment, and insecurity in neighboring Mali, as well as significant shortages of infrastructure, institutional capacity, and human capital. Mauritania has sought additional IMF support by focusing efforts on poverty reduction. Investment in agriculture and infrastructure are the largest components of the country’s public expenditures."
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"text": "Mauritania's economy is dominated by natural resources and agriculture. Half the population still depends on agriculture and livestock for a livelihood, even though many nomads and subsistence farmers were forced into the cities by recurrent droughts in the 1970s and 1980s. Recently, GDP growth has been driven by foreign investment in the mining and oil sectors. ++ ++ Mauritania's extensive mineral resources include iron ore, gold, copper, gypsum, and phosphate rock, and exploration is ongoing for uranium, crude oil, and natural gas. Extractive commodities make up about three-quarters of Mauritania's total exports, subjecting the economy to price swings in world commodity markets. Mining is also a growing source of government revenue, rising from 13% to 29% of total revenue between 2006 and 2013. The nation's coastal waters are among the richest fishing areas in the world, and fishing accounts for about 25% of budget revenues, but overexploitation by foreigners threatens this key source of revenue. ++ ++ Risks to Mauritania's economy include its recurring droughts, dependence on foreign aid and investment, and insecurity in neighboring Mali, as well as significant shortages of infrastructure, institutional capacity, and human capital. Mauritania has sought additional IMF support by focusing efforts on poverty reduction. Investment in agriculture and infrastructure are the largest components of the country’s public expenditures."
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},
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"GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
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"text": "$15.62 billion (2014 est.) ++ $14.62 billion (2013 est.) ++ $13.86 billion (2012 est.)",
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"text": "$15.98 billion (2015 est.) ++ $15.78 billion (2014 est.) ++ $14.98 billion (2013 est.)",
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"note": {
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"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
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"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
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}
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},
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"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
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"text": "$5.081 billion (2014 est.)"
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"text": "$4.861 billion (2015 est.)"
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},
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"GDP - real growth rate": {
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"text": "6.9% (2014 est.) ++ 5.5% (2013 est.) ++ 6% (2012 est.)"
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||||
"text": "1.2% (2015 est.) ++ 5.4% (2014 est.) ++ 6.1% (2013 est.)"
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},
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"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
|
||||
"text": "$4,300 (2014 est.) ++ $4,000 (2013 est.) ++ $3,800 (2012 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "$4,300 (2015 est.) ++ $4,400 (2014 est.) ++ $4,200 (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving": {
|
||||
"text": "19.8% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 25.6% of GDP (2013 est.) ++ 31.2% of GDP (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "18.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 25.2% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 32.2% of GDP (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
|
||||
"household consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "51.8%"
|
||||
"text": "69.6%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"government consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "27.7%"
|
||||
"text": "25.4%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"investment in fixed capital": {
|
||||
"text": "42%"
|
||||
"text": "44.5%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"investment in inventories": {
|
||||
"text": "5.4%"
|
||||
"text": "-7.3%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"exports of goods and services": {
|
||||
"text": "34.8%"
|
||||
"text": "28.1%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"imports of goods and services": {
|
||||
"text": "-61.7% ++ (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-60.3% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
"text": "22.8%"
|
||||
"text": "23.7%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"industry": {
|
||||
"text": "35.6%"
|
||||
"text": "35.8%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"services": {
|
||||
"text": "41.6% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "40.5% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Agriculture - products": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -569,10 +575,10 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Industrial production growth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "4.4% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "2.5% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force": {
|
||||
"text": "1.28 million (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "1.318 million (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force - by occupation": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -586,7 +592,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Unemployment rate": {
|
||||
"text": "31% (2013 est.) ++ 31% (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "31% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Population below poverty line": {
|
||||
"text": "40% (2004 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -604,65 +610,79 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$1.786 billion"
|
||||
"text": "$1.342 billion"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "$1.832 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$1.591 billion (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "35.1% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "28.2% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
|
||||
"text": "-0.9% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-5.2% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Fiscal year": {
|
||||
"text": "calendar year"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
|
||||
"text": "3.5% (2014 est.) ++ 4.1% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "0.5% (2015 est.) ++ 3.8% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Central bank discount rate": {
|
||||
"text": "9% (31 December 2009) ++ 12% (31 December 2007)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Commercial bank prime lending rate": {
|
||||
"text": "18% (31 December 2014 est.) ++ 18% (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "17% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 17% (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of domestic credit": {
|
||||
"text": "$1.969 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.729 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$1.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.853 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Market value of publicly traded shares": {
|
||||
"text": "$NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Current account balance": {
|
||||
"text": "-$1.471 billion (2014 est.) ++ -$1.262 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-$1.313 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$1.841 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports": {
|
||||
"text": "$2.265 billion (2014 est.) ++ $2.738 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$1.385 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.935 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "iron ore, fish and fish products, gold, copper, petroleum"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "China 45.3%, Italy 7.6%, Spain 6.1% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "China 32.7%, Switzerland 11.1%, Spain 8.6%, Italy 6.7%, Cote dIvoire 6.6%, Japan 5.7% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports": {
|
||||
"text": "$2.74 billion (2014 est.) ++ $2.851 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$1.93 billion (2015 est.) ++ $2.646 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "machinery and equipment, petroleum products, capital goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "China 21.6%, Netherlands 9.4%, France 7.8%, Spain 6%, Morocco 5.3%, US 4.6% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "China 25.5%, Algeria 8.4%, France 6.3%, Morocco 5.1%, Spain 4.8%, Brazil 4.5%, US 4% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Debt - external": {
|
||||
"text": "$3.807 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $3.571 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$3.415 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.522 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exchange rates": {
|
||||
"text": "ouguiyas (MRO) per US dollar - ++ 299.5 (2014 est.) ++ 299.5 (2013 est.) ++ 296.6 (2012 est.) ++ 281.12 (2011 est.) ++ 275.89 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "ouguiyas (MRO) per US dollar - ++ 319.7 (2015 est.) ++ 303.26 (2014 est.) ++ 299.5 (2013 est.) ++ 296.6 (2012 est.) ++ 281.12 (2011 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Energy": {
|
||||
"Electricity access": {
|
||||
"population without electricity": {
|
||||
"text": "2,800,000"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"electrification - total population": {
|
||||
"text": "28%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"electrification - urban areas": {
|
||||
"text": "47%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"electrification - rural areas": {
|
||||
"text": "2% (2013)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - production": {
|
||||
"text": "1.035 billion kWh (2012 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -736,18 +756,18 @@
|
|||
"Communications": {
|
||||
"Telephones - fixed lines": {
|
||||
"total subscriptions": {
|
||||
"text": "51,400"
|
||||
"text": "51,294"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "1 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephones - mobile cellular": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "3.8 million"
|
||||
"text": "3.644 million"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "107 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "101 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephone system": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -755,34 +775,45 @@
|
|||
"text": "limited system of cable and open-wire lines, minor microwave radio relay links, and radiotelephone communications stations; mobile-cellular services expanding rapidly"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"domestic": {
|
||||
"text": "Mauritel, the national telecommunications company, was privatized in 2001 but remains the monopoly provider of fixed-line services; fixed-line teledensity 2 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular network coverage extends mainly to urban areas with a teledensity of roughly 106 per 100 persons; mostly cable and open-wire lines; a domestic satellite telecommunications system links Nouakchott with regional capitals"
|
||||
"text": "fixed-line teledensity 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular network coverage extends mainly to urban areas with a teledensity of roughly 100 per 100 persons; mostly cable and open-wire lines; a domestic satellite telecommunications system links Nouakchott with regional capitals"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"international": {
|
||||
"text": "country code - 222; satellite earth stations - 3 (1 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean, 2 Arabsat); fiber-optic and asymmetric digital subscriber line cables for Internet access (2009)"
|
||||
"text": "country code - 222; satellite earth stations - 3 (1 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean, 2 Arabsat); fiber-optic and asymmetric digital subscriber line cables for Internet access (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Broadcast media": {
|
||||
"text": "one state-run TV (Television de Mauritanie) and one state-run radio network (Radio de Mauritanie); Television de Mauritanie has three channels, Al Mahadra station (for Islamic content) and Channels 1 and 2, which cover news, sports, and other programming; Radio de Mauritanie runs 12 regional stations, as well as a radio station for youth and the Holy Quran station; five private TV channels and five private radio stations also broadcast from Mauritania; six private international radio stations broadcast in Mauritania on the FM band; with satellite connections, Mauritanians also have access to hundreds of foreign TV channels (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Radio broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "AM 1, FM 14, shortwave 1 (2001)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Television broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2002)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet country code": {
|
||||
"text": ".mr"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "402,000"
|
||||
"text": "547,000"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "11.4% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "15.2% (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transportation": {
|
||||
"National air transport system": {
|
||||
"number of registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "4"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "248,158"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual freight traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "0 mt-km (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
|
||||
"text": "5T (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports": {
|
||||
"text": "30 (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -811,7 +842,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "8"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": " ++ 2 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "2 (2013)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Railways": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -842,36 +873,12 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military": {
|
||||
"Military and Security": {
|
||||
"Military branches": {
|
||||
"text": "Mauritanian Armed Forces: Army, Mauritanian Navy (Marine Mauritanienne; includes naval infantry), Islamic Republic of Mauritania Air Group (Groupement Aerienne Islamique de Mauritanie, GAIM) (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower available for military service": {
|
||||
"males age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "718,713"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"females age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "804,622 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower fit for military service": {
|
||||
"males age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "480,042"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"females age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "581,473 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually": {
|
||||
"male": {
|
||||
"text": "36,116"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"female": {
|
||||
"text": "36,826 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -880,15 +887,15 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "26,001 (Western Saharan - Sahrawis) (2014); 50,131 (Mali) (2015)"
|
||||
"text": "26,007 (Western Saharan - Sahrawis) (2015); 41,798 (Mali) (2016)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Trafficking in persons": {
|
||||
"current situation": {
|
||||
"text": "Mauritania is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; adults and children from traditional slave castes are subjected to slavery-related practices rooted in ancestral master-slave relationships; Mauritanian boy students called talibe are trafficked within the country by religious teachers for forced begging; Mauritanian girls, as well as girls from Mali, Senegal, The Gambia, and other West African countries, are forced into domestic servitude; Mauritanian women and girls are forced into prostitution domestically or transported to countries in the Middle East for the same purpose"
|
||||
"text": "Mauritania is a source and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; adults and children from traditional slave castes are subjected to slavery-related practices rooted in ancestral master-slave relationships; Mauritanian boy students called talibes are trafficked within the country by religious teachers for forced begging; Mauritanian girls, as well as girls from Mali, Senegal, The Gambia, and other West African countries, are forced into domestic servitude; Mauritanian women and girls are forced into prostitution domestically or transported to countries in the Middle East for the same purpose, sometimes through forced marriages"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"tier rating": {
|
||||
"text": "Tier 3 - Mauritania does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; in 2013, law enforcement and judicial personnel thwarted the progress of criminal prosecutions for human trafficking by intervening on the behalf of alleged offenders; the government did not provide adequate protective services to victims or ensure their referral to NGOs, which provide the majority of care to trafficking victims without financial support from the government; the absence of measures in place to identify trafficking victims among vulnerable populations may have led to victims being punished for acts committed as a result of being trafficked; the effectiveness of the 2007 anti-slavery law remains impaired because slaves, many of whom are illiterate, are unable to file the required legal complaint; NGOs are barred from lodging cases on behalf of slaves, and the national agency to fight slavery became operational in 2013 but did not submit any criminal complaints for victims (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "Tier 3 - Mauritania does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; anti-trafficking law enforcement efforts were negligible; one slavery case identified by an NGO was investigated, but no prosecutions or convictions were made, including among the 4,000 child labor cases NGOs referred to the police; the 2007 anti-slavery law remains ineffective because it requires slaves, most of whom are illiterate, to file their own legal complaint, and the government agency that can submit claims on them did not file any in 2014; authorities arrested, prosecuted, and convicted several anti-slavery activists; NGOs continued to provide the majority of protective services to trafficking victims without support from the government; some steps were taken to raise public awareness about human trafficking (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue