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Gerald Bauer
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africa/cd.json
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africa/cd.json
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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{
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"Introduction": {
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"Background": {
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"text": "Chad, part of France's African holdings until 1960, endured three decades of civil warfare, as well as invasions by Libya, before peace was restored in 1990. The government eventually drafted a democratic constitution and held flawed presidential elections in 1996 and 2001. In 1998, a rebellion broke out in northern Chad, which has sporadically flared up despite several peace agreements between the government and insurgents. In June 2005, President Idriss DEBY held a referendum successfully removing constitutional term limits and won another controversial election in 2006. Sporadic rebel campaigns continued throughout 2006 and 2007. The capital experienced a significant insurrection in early 2008, but has had no significant rebel threats since then, in part due to Chad's 2010 rapprochement with Sudan, which previously used Chadian rebels as proxies. DEBY in 2011 was reelected to his fourth term in an election that international observers described as proceeding without incident. In January 2014, Chad began a two-year rotation on the UN Security Council."
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"text": "Chad, part of France's African holdings until 1960, endured three decades of civil warfare, as well as invasions by Libya, before peace was restored in 1990. The government eventually drafted a democratic constitution and held flawed presidential elections in 1996 and 2001. In 1998, a rebellion broke out in northern Chad, which has sporadically flared up despite several peace agreements between the government and insurgents. In June 2005, President Idriss DEBY held a referendum successfully removing constitutional term limits and won another controversial election in 2006. Sporadic rebel campaigns continued throughout 2006 and 2007. The capital experienced a significant insurrection in early 2008, but has had no significant rebel threats since then, in part due to Chad's 2010 rapprochement with Sudan, which previously used Chadian rebels as proxies. In late 2015, the government imposed a state of emergency in the Lake Chad region following multiple attacks by the terrorist group Boko Haram throughout the year; Boko Haram also launched several bombings in N'Djamena in mid-2015. DEBY in 2011 was reelected to his fourth term in an election that international observers described as proceeding without incident. In January 2014, Chad began a two-year rotation on the UN Security Council."
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}
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},
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"Geography": {
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@ -48,12 +48,12 @@
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"Terrain": {
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"text": "broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south"
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},
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"Elevation extremes": {
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"lowest point": {
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"text": "Djourab 160 m"
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"Elevation": {
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"mean elevation": {
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"text": "543 m"
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},
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"highest point": {
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"text": "Emi Koussi 3,415 m"
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"elevation extremes": {
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"text": "lowest point: Djourab 160 m ++ highest point: Emi Koussi 3,415 m"
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}
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},
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"Natural resources": {
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@ -71,18 +71,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Irrigated land": {
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"text": "302.7 sq km (2003)"
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "43 cu km (2011)"
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},
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"Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)": {
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"total": {
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"text": "0.88 cu km/yr (12%/12%/76%)"
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},
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"per capita": {
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"text": "84.81 cu m/yr (2005)"
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}
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"text": "300 sq km (2012)"
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},
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"Natural hazards": {
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"text": "hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues"
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@ -111,6 +100,9 @@
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}
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},
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"People and Society": {
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"Population": {
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"text": "11,852,462 (July 2016 est.)"
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},
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"Nationality": {
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"noun": {
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"text": "Chadian(s)"
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@ -120,35 +112,32 @@
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}
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},
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"Ethnic groups": {
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"text": "Sara 27.7%, Arab 12.3%, Mayo-Kebbi 11.5%, Kanem-Bornou 9%, Ouaddai 8.7%, Hadjarai 6.7%, Tandjile 6.5%, Gorane 6.3%, Fitri-Batha 4.7%, other 6.4%, unknown 0.3% (1993 census)"
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"text": "Sara (Ngambaye/Sara/Madjingaye/Mbaye) 25.9%, Arab 12.6%, Kanembu/Bornu/Buduma 8.3%, Wadai/Maba/Masalit/Mimi 7%, Gorane 6.8%, Masa/Musseye/Musgum 4.7%, Bulala/Medogo/Kuka 3.6%, Bidiyo/Migaama/Kenga/Dangleat 3.6%, Marba/Lele/Mesme 2.9%, Dadjo/Kibet/Muro 2.5%, Mundang 2.5%, Gabri/Kabalaye/Nanchere/Somrai 2.4%, Zaghawa/Bideyat/Kobe 2.3%, Fulani/Fulbe/Bodore 2%, Tupuri/Kera 2%, Tama/Assongori/Mararit 1.6%, Baguirmi/Barma 1.3%, Karo/Zime/Peve 1.3%, Mesmedje/Massalat/Kadjakse 1%, other Chadian ethnicities 2.5%, Chadians of foreign ethnicities 0.6%, foreign nationals 2.5% (Sudanese 2%) (2009 est.)"
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},
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"Languages": {
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"text": "French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 different languages and dialects"
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},
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"Religions": {
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"text": "Muslim 53.1%, Catholic 20.1%, Protestant 14.2%, animist 7.3%, other 0.5%, unknown 1.7%, atheist 3.1% (1993 census)"
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"text": "Muslim 58.4%, Catholic 18.5%, Protestant 16.1%, animist 4%, other 0.5%, none 2.4% (2009 est.)"
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},
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"Population": {
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"text": "11,631,456 (July 2015 est.)"
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"Demographic profile": {
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"text": "Despite the start of oil production in 2003, 40% of Chad’s population lives below the poverty line. The population will continue to grow rapidly because of the country’s very high fertility rate and large youth cohort – more than 65% of the populace is under the age of 25 – although the mortality rate is high and life expectancy is low. Chad has the world’s third highest maternal mortality rate. Among the primary risk factors are poverty, anemia, rural habitation, high fertility, poor education, and a lack of access to family planning and obstetric care. Impoverished, uneducated adolescents living in rural areas are most affected. To improve women’s reproductive health and reduce fertility, Chad will need to increase women’s educational attainment, job participation, and knowledge of and access to family planning. Only about a quarter of women are literate, less than 5% use contraceptives, and more than 40% undergo genital cutting. More than 300,000 refugees from Sudan and almost 70,000 from the Central African Republic strain Chad’s limited resources and create tensions in host communities. Thousands of new refugees fled to Chad in 2013 to escape worsening violence in the Darfur region of Sudan. The large refugee populations are hesitant to return to their home countries because of continued instability. Chad was relatively stable in 2012 in comparison to other states in the region, but past fighting between government forces and opposition groups and inter-communal violence have left nearly 60,000 of its citizens displaced in the eastern part of the country."
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},
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"Age structure": {
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"0-14 years": {
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"text": "44.2% (male 2,607,314/female 2,534,163)"
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"text": "43.63% (male 2,622,700/female 2,549,035)"
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},
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"15-24 years": {
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"text": "20.9% (male 1,183,962/female 1,247,130)"
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"text": "21.18% (male 1,225,731/female 1,285,150)"
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},
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"25-54 years": {
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"text": "28.05% (male 1,479,285/female 1,783,014)"
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"text": "28.31% (male 1,525,208/female 1,830,530)"
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},
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"55-64 years": {
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"text": "3.87% (male 197,673/female 252,379)"
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"text": "3.87% (male 202,044/female 256,936)"
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},
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"65 years and over": {
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"text": "2.98% (male 143,712/female 202,824) (2015 est.)"
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},
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"population pyramid": {
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"text": null
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"text": "3% (male 146,957/female 208,171) (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Dependency ratios": {
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@ -167,26 +156,26 @@
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},
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"Median age": {
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"total": {
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"text": "17.4 years"
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"text": "17.6 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "16.4 years"
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"text": "16.6 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "18.4 years (2015 est.)"
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"text": "18.6 years (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Population growth rate": {
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"text": "1.89% (2015 est.)"
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"text": "1.88% (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Birth rate": {
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"text": "36.6 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "36.1 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Death rate": {
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"text": "14.28 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "14 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Net migration rate": {
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"text": "-3.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
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"text": "-3.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Urbanization": {
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"urban population": {
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@ -213,13 +202,19 @@
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"text": "0.83 male(s)/female"
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},
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"55-64 years": {
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"text": "0.78 male(s)/female"
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"text": "0.79 male(s)/female"
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},
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"65 years and over": {
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"text": "0.71 male(s)/female"
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},
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"total population": {
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"text": "0.93 male(s)/female (2015 est.)"
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"text": "0.93 male(s)/female (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
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"text": "17.9",
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"note": {
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"text": "median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2014/15 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Maternal mortality rate": {
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@ -227,41 +222,38 @@
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},
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"Infant mortality rate": {
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"total": {
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"text": "88.69 deaths/1,000 live births"
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"text": "87 deaths/1,000 live births"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "94.23 deaths/1,000 live births"
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"text": "92.5 deaths/1,000 live births"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "82.93 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)"
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"text": "81.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Life expectancy at birth": {
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"total population": {
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"text": "49.81 years"
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"text": "50.2 years"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "48.64 years"
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"text": "49 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "51.03 years (2015 est.)"
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"text": "51.5 years (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Total fertility rate": {
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"text": "4.55 children born/woman (2015 est.)"
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"text": "4.45 children born/woman (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
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"text": "4.8% (2010)"
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},
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"Health expenditures": {
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"text": "3.6% of GDP (2013)"
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"text": "3.6% of GDP (2014)"
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},
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"Physicians density": {
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"text": "0.04 physicians/1,000 population (2006)"
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},
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"Hospital bed density": {
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"text": "0.4 beds/1,000 population (2005)"
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},
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"Drinking water source": {
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"improved": {
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"text": " ++ urban: 71.8% of population ++ rural: 44.8% of population ++ total: 50.8% of population"
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@ -279,13 +271,13 @@
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}
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
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"text": "2.53% (2014 est.)"
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"text": "2.04% (2015 est.)"
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
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"text": "215,000 (2014 est.)"
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"text": "165,600 (2015 est.)"
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
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"text": "11,700 (2014 est.)"
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"text": "8,500 (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Major infectious diseases": {
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"degree of risk": {
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@ -304,17 +296,17 @@
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"text": "meningococcal meningitis"
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},
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"animal contact disease": {
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"text": "rabies (2013)"
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"text": "rabies (2016)"
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}
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},
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"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
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"text": "6.6% (2014)"
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},
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"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
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"text": "30.3% (2010)"
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"text": "28.8% (2015)"
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},
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"Education expenditures": {
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"text": "2.3% of GDP (2011)"
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"text": "2.9% of GDP (2013)"
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},
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"Literacy": {
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"definition": {
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@ -363,10 +355,13 @@
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},
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"local short form": {
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"text": "Tchad/Tshad"
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},
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"etymology": {
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"text": "named for Lake Chad, which lies along the country's western border; the word \"tsade\" means \"large body of water\" or \"lake\" in several local native languages"
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}
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},
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"Government type": {
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"text": "republic"
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"text": "presidential republic"
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},
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"Capital": {
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"name": {
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@ -389,7 +384,7 @@
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"text": "Independence Day, 11 August (1960)"
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},
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"Constitution": {
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"text": "several previous; latest passed by referendum 31 March 1996, entered into force 8 April 1996; amended 2005 (2015)"
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"text": "several previous; latest passed by referendum 31 March 1996, entered into force 8 April 1996; amended 2005 (2016)"
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},
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"Legal system": {
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"text": "mixed legal system of civil and customary law"
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@ -397,6 +392,20 @@
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"International law organization participation": {
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"text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
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},
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"Citizenship": {
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"citizenship by birth": {
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"text": "no"
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},
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"citizenship by descent only": {
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"text": "both parents must be citizens of Chad"
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},
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"dual citizenship recognized": {
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"text": "Chadian law does not address dual citizenship"
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},
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"residency requirement for naturalization": {
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"text": "15 years"
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}
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},
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"Suffrage": {
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"text": "18 years of age; universal"
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},
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@ -405,16 +414,16 @@
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"text": "President Idriss DEBY Itno, Lt. Gen. (since 4 December 1990)"
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},
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"head of government": {
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"text": "Prime Minister Kalzeube Pahimi DEUBET (since 21 November 2013)"
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"text": "Prime Minister Albert Pahimi PADACKE (since 15 February 2016)"
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},
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"cabinet": {
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"text": "Council of Ministers; members appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister"
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},
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"elections/appointments": {
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"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 25 April 2011 (next to be held by 2016); prime minister appointed by the president"
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"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 10 April 2016 (next to be held in April 2021); prime minister appointed by the president"
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},
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"election results": {
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"text": "Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno reelected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY (MPS) 83.6%, Albert Pahimi PADACKE (Viva-RNDP) 8.6%, Nadji MADOU 7.8%"
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"text": "Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno reelected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY (MPS) 61.6%, Saleh KEBZABO 12.8%, Laokein Kourayo MEDAR 10.7%, Djimrangar DADNADJI 5.1%"
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}
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},
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"Legislative branch": {
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@ -430,10 +439,10 @@
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},
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"Judicial branch": {
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"highest court(s)": {
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"text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 15 judges or councilors and divided into 3 chambers); Constitutional Council (consists of 3 judges and 6 jurists)"
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"text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, 3 chamber presidents, and 12 judges or councilors and divided into 3 chambers); Constitutional Council (consists of 3 judges and 6 jurists)"
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},
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"judge selection and term of office": {
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"text": "Supreme Court chief justice selected by the president; councilors - 8 designated by the president and 7 by the speaker of the National Assembly; chief justice and councilors appointed for life; Constitutional Council judges - 2 appointed by the president and 1 by the speaker of the National Assembly; jurists - 3 each by the president and by the speaker of the National Assembly; judge term NA"
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"text": "Supreme Court chief justice selected by the president; councilors - 8 designated by the president and 7 by the speaker of the National Assembly; chief justice and councilors appointed for life; Constitutional Council judges - 2 appointed by the president and 1 by the speaker of the National Assembly; jurists - 3 each by the president and by the speaker of the National Assembly; judges appointed for 9-year terms"
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},
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"subordinate courts": {
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"text": "High Court of Justice; Courts of Appeal; tribunals; justices of the peace"
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},
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"Economy": {
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"Economy - overview": {
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"text": "Chad’s landlocked location results in high transportation costs for imported goods and dependence on neighboring countries. Oil and agriculture are mainstays of Chad’s economy. Oil provides about 60% of export revenues, while cotton, cattle, livestock, and gum arabic provide the bulk of Chad's non-oil export earnings. Chad relies on foreign assistance and foreign capital for much public and private sector investment. The services sector contributes about one-third of GDP and has attracted foreign investment mostly through telecommunications and banking. Chad’s fiscal position is encumbered by declining oil prices, though high oil prices and strong local harvests supported the economy in recent years. Nearly all of Chad’s fuel is provided by one domestic refinery, and unanticipated shut-downs occasionally result in shortages. The country regulates the price of domestic fuel, providing an incentive for black market sales. Chad's investment climate remains challenging due to limited infrastructure, a lack of trained workers, extensive government bureaucracy, and corruption. Chad obtained a three-year extended credit facility from the IMF in 2014 and was granted debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative in April 2015."
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"text": "Chad’s landlocked location results in high transportation costs for imported goods and dependence on neighboring countries. Oil and agriculture are mainstays of Chad’s economy. Oil provides about 60% of export revenues, while cotton, cattle, livestock, and gum arabic provide the bulk of Chad's non-oil export earnings. The services sector contributes about one-third of GDP and has attracted foreign investment mostly through telecommunications and banking. ++ ++ Nearly all of Chad’s fuel is provided by one domestic refinery, and unanticipated shutdowns occasionally result in shortages. The country regulates the price of domestic fuel, providing an incentive for black market sales. ++ ++ Chad’s fiscal position is encumbered by declining oil prices, though high oil prices and strong local harvests supported the economy in recent years. Chad relies on foreign assistance and foreign capital for much public and private sector investment. Chad's investment climate remains challenging due to limited infrastructure, a lack of trained workers, extensive government bureaucracy, and corruption. Chad obtained a three-year extended credit facility from the IMF in 2014 and was granted debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative in April 2015."
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},
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"GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
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"text": "$29.64 billion (2014 est.) ++ $27.73 billion (2013 est.) ++ $26.24 billion (2012 est.)",
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"text": "$30.53 billion (2015 est.) ++ $30 billion (2014 est.) ++ $28.06 billion (2013 est.)",
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"note": {
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"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
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"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
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}
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},
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"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
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"text": "$13.95 billion (2014 est.)"
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"text": "$10.9 billion (2015 est.)"
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},
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"GDP - real growth rate": {
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"text": "6.9% (2014 est.) ++ 5.7% (2013 est.) ++ 8.9% (2012 est.)"
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"text": "1.8% (2015 est.) ++ 6.9% (2014 est.) ++ 5.7% (2013 est.)"
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},
|
||||
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
|
||||
"text": "$2,600 (2014 est.) ++ $2,500 (2013 est.) ++ $2,300 (2012 est.)",
|
||||
"text": "$2,600 (2015 est.) ++ $2,700 (2014 est.) ++ $2,500 (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"note": {
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
|
||||
"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Gross national saving": {
|
||||
"text": "21.6% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 18.3% of GDP (2013 est.) ++ 22.8% of GDP (2012 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "14.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 21.5% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 18.2% of GDP (2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
|
||||
"household consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "68.3%"
|
||||
"text": "68.8%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"government consumption": {
|
||||
"text": "6.2%"
|
||||
"text": "4.4%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"investment in fixed capital": {
|
||||
"text": "33.2%"
|
||||
"text": "31.2%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"investment in inventories": {
|
||||
"text": "0.6%"
|
||||
"text": "0.2%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"exports of goods and services": {
|
||||
"text": "34.2%"
|
||||
"text": "27.4%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"imports of goods and services": {
|
||||
"text": "-42.5% ++ (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-32% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
"text": "52.6%"
|
||||
"text": "53.2%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"industry": {
|
||||
"text": "15.1%"
|
||||
"text": "13.6%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"services": {
|
||||
"text": "32.3% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "33.1% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Agriculture - products": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -563,10 +572,10 @@
|
|||
"text": "oil, cotton textiles, brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Industrial production growth rate": {
|
||||
"text": "3% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-8% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force": {
|
||||
"text": "5.07 million (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "5.268 million (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Labor force - by occupation": {
|
||||
"agriculture": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -595,71 +604,71 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$3.062 billion"
|
||||
"text": "$1.524 billion"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "$3.405 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$2.037 billion (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "22% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "14% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
|
||||
"text": "-2.5% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-4.7% of GDP (2015 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Public debt": {
|
||||
"text": "30.8% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 30.5% of GDP (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "33.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 33% of GDP (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Fiscal year": {
|
||||
"text": "calendar year"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
|
||||
"text": "1.7% (2014 est.) ++ 0.2% (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "3.7% (2015 est.) ++ 1.7% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Central bank discount rate": {
|
||||
"text": "4.25% (31 December 2009) ++ 4.75% (31 December 2008)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Commercial bank prime lending rate": {
|
||||
"text": "15.5% (31 December 2014 est.) ++ 15.5% (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "15.5% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 15.5% (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of narrow money": {
|
||||
"text": "$1.751 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.606 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$1.604 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.788 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of broad money": {
|
||||
"text": "$1.976 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.751 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of domestic credit": {
|
||||
"text": "$1.195 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $757.6 million (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$1.034 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.153 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Market value of publicly traded shares": {
|
||||
"text": "$NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Current account balance": {
|
||||
"text": "-$1.242 billion (2014 est.) ++ -$1.192 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "-$1.353 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$1.258 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports": {
|
||||
"text": "$5.008 billion (2014 est.) ++ $3.384 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$3.965 billion (2015 est.) ++ $4.179 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "oil, livestock, cotton, sesame, gum arabic, shea butter"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "US 77.6%, Japan 10.2% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "US 58.5%, India 13.3%, Japan 11.3%, China 4.1% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports": {
|
||||
"text": "$4.416 billion (2014 est.) ++ $3.034 billion (2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$3.071 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.319 billion (2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, foodstuffs, textiles"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "Algeria 54.6%, China 11.2%, Italy 6.2%, France 5.4% (2014)"
|
||||
"text": "France 16.5%, China 14.2%, Cameroon 11%, US 6.4%, India 6%, Belgium 5.7%, Italy 4.8% (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
|
||||
"text": "$1.089 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.196 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$382.9 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.089 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Debt - external": {
|
||||
"text": "$3.525 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $2.216 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "$2.802 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.857 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": {
|
||||
"text": "$NA (31 December 2010) ++ $4.5 billion (2006 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -668,10 +677,24 @@
|
|||
"text": "$NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exchange rates": {
|
||||
"text": "Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar - ++ 494.42 (2014 est.) ++ 494.42 (2013 est.) ++ 510.53 (2012 est.) ++ 471.87 (2011 est.) ++ 495.28 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar - ++ 591.45 (2015 est.) ++ 494.42 (2014 est.) ++ 494.42 (2013 est.) ++ 510.53 (2012 est.) ++ 471.87 (2011 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Energy": {
|
||||
"Electricity access": {
|
||||
"population without electricity": {
|
||||
"text": "10,477,071"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"electrification - total population": {
|
||||
"text": "4%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"electrification - urban areas": {
|
||||
"text": "14%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"electrification - rural areas": {
|
||||
"text": "1% (2013)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Electricity - production": {
|
||||
"text": "205 million kWh (2012 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -745,18 +768,18 @@
|
|||
"Communications": {
|
||||
"Telephones - fixed lines": {
|
||||
"total subscriptions": {
|
||||
"text": "23,600"
|
||||
"text": "17,029"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "less than 1 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "less than 1 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephones - mobile cellular": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "5.3 million"
|
||||
"text": "5.466 million"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||||
"text": "46 (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "47 (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Telephone system": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -764,34 +787,42 @@
|
|||
"text": "inadequate system of radiotelephone communication stations with high maintenance costs and low telephone density"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"domestic": {
|
||||
"text": "fixed-line connections for less than 1 per 100 persons coupled with mobile-cellular subscribership base of only about 35 per 100 persons"
|
||||
"text": "fixed-line connections for less than 1 per 100 persons coupled with mobile-cellular subscribership base of about 45 per 100 persons"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"international": {
|
||||
"text": "country code - 235; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)"
|
||||
"text": "country code - 235; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Broadcast media": {
|
||||
"text": "1 state-owned TV station; state-owned radio network, Radiodiffusion Nationale Tchadienne (RNT), operates national and regional stations; about 10 private radio stations; some stations rebroadcast programs from international broadcasters (2007)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Radio broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "AM 2, FM 4, shortwave 5 (2001)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Television broadcast stations": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2001)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet country code": {
|
||||
"text": ".td"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Internet users": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "273,900"
|
||||
"text": "314,000"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"percent of population": {
|
||||
"text": "2.4% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
"text": "2.7% (July 2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transportation": {
|
||||
"National air transport system": {
|
||||
"number of registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "28,332"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"annual freight traffic on registered air carriers": {
|
||||
"text": "mt-km (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports": {
|
||||
"text": "59 (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -829,7 +860,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "22"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": " ++ 11 (2013)"
|
||||
"text": "11 (2013)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Pipelines": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -847,39 +878,15 @@
|
|||
"text": "(Chari and Legone Rivers are navigable only in wet season) (2012)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military": {
|
||||
"Military and Security": {
|
||||
"Military branches": {
|
||||
"text": "Chadian National Army (Armee Nationale du Tchad, ANT): Ground Forces (l'Armee de Terre, AdT), Chadian Air Force (l'Armee de l'Air Tchadienne, AAT), National Gendarmerie, National and Nomadic Guard of Chad (GNNT) (2013)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||||
"text": "20 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service, with a 3-year service obligation; 18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary service; no minimum age restriction for volunteers with consent from a parent or guardian; women are subject to 1 year of compulsory military or civic service at age 21; while provisions for military service have not been repealed, they have never been fully implemented (2015)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower available for military service": {
|
||||
"males age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "2,090,244"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"females age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "2,441,321 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower fit for military service": {
|
||||
"males age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "1,183,242"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"females age 16-49": {
|
||||
"text": "1,395,811 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually": {
|
||||
"male": {
|
||||
"text": "128,723"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"female": {
|
||||
"text": "128,244 (2010 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military expenditures": {
|
||||
"text": "NA% (2012) ++ 2.28% of GDP (2011) ++ NA% (2010)"
|
||||
"text": "NA% (2012) ++ 2.28% of GDP (2011)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -888,10 +895,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "367,229 (Sudan); 66,233 (Central African Republic); 14,586 (Nigeria) (2015)"
|
||||
"text": "309,669 (Sudan); 69,436 (Central African Republic); 7,917 (Nigeria) (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"IDPs": {
|
||||
"text": "111,000 (majority are in the east) (2015)"
|
||||
"text": "58,748 (majority are in the east) (2016)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue