diff --git a/africa/ag.json b/africa/ag.json index 9084f656..58de8fc7 100644 --- a/africa/ag.json +++ b/africa/ag.json @@ -787,10 +787,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "37.3% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "37.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "1% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "1% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1163,12 +1163,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 1, container ship 4, general cargo 11, oil tanker 14, other 89" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Algiers, Annaba, Arzew, Bejaia, Djendjene, Jijel, Mostaganem, Oran, Skikda" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "17 (2024)" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (export)": { - "text": "Arzew, Bethioua, Skikda" + "large": { + "text": "2" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "6" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "8" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "3" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Alger, Annaba, Arzew, Arzew El Djedid, Bejaia, Mers El Kebir, Oran, Port Methanier, Skikda" } } }, @@ -1205,7 +1220,7 @@ "note": "note: conscripts comprise an estimated 70% of the military" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the ANP is responsible for external defense but also has some internal security responsibilities; key areas of concern include border and maritime security, terrorism, regional instability, and tensions with Morocco; Algeria supports the pro-independence Polisario Front in Western Sahara and accuses Morocco of supporting the Algerian separatist Movement for the Autonomy of Kabylie (MAK); border security and counterterrorism have received additional focus since the Arab Spring events of 2011 and the rise of terrorist threats emanating from Libya and the Sahel; the Army and Ministry of Defense (MND) paramilitary forces of the Gendarmerie and the border guards have beefed up their presence along the frontiers with Tunisia, Libya, Niger, and Mali to interdict and deter cross-border attacks by Islamic militant groups; the ANP and MND paramilitary forces have also increased counterterrorism cooperation with some neighboring countries, particularly Tunisia, including joint operations

the ANP has also played a large role in the country’s politics since independence in 1962, including coups in 1965 and 1991; it was a key backer of BOUTEFLIKA’s election in 1999 and remained a center of power during his 20-year rule; the military was instrumental in BOUTEFLIKA’s resignation in 2019, when it withdrew support and called for him to be removed from office

the ANP is well-funded and one of the better-equipped militaries in North Africa; over the past decade, it has made large investments in more modern equipment, including armored vehicles, air defense systems, fighter aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles, and warships, largely from Russia but also China and Western European suppliers; it is a conscript-based force that exercises regularly, including jointly with foreign militaries such as those of Russia, Tunisia, and some Sahel countries; the ANP is part of the African Union’s Standby Force for North Africa; the core combat units of the Land Forces consists of multiple armored and mechanized divisions, as well as a combined airborne and special forces division, plus separate brigades of mechanized or motorized infantry and tanks; the Naval Forces’ principal warships include frigates, corvettes, and attack submarines; in 2015, the Naval Forces acquired from Italy its first amphibious transport dock (LHD) ship, which is capable of carrying helicopters, small landing craft, and more than 300 troops; the Air Force has more than 100 Russian-made combat aircraft, as well as about 200 Russian-made combat helicopters (2023)" + "text": "the ANP is responsible for external defense but also has some internal security responsibilities; key areas of concern include border and maritime security, terrorism, regional instability, and tensions with Morocco; Algeria supports the pro-independence Polisario Front in Western Sahara and accuses Morocco of supporting the Algerian separatist Movement for the Autonomy of Kabylie (MAK); border security and counterterrorism have received additional focus since the Arab Spring events of 2011 and the rise of terrorist threats emanating from Libya and the Sahel; the Army and Ministry of Defense (MND) paramilitary forces of the Gendarmerie and the border guards have beefed up their presence along the frontiers with Tunisia, Libya, Niger, and Mali to interdict and deter cross-border attacks by Islamic militant groups; the ANP and MND paramilitary forces have also increased counterterrorism cooperation with some neighboring countries, particularly Tunisia, including joint operations

the ANP has also played a large role in the country’s politics since independence in 1962, including coups in 1965 and 1991; it was a key backer of BOUTEFLIKA’s election in 1999 and remained a center of power during his 20-year rule; the military was instrumental in BOUTEFLIKA’s resignation in 2019, when it withdrew support and called for him to be removed from office

the ANP is one of the better-equipped militaries in North Africa; over the past decade, it has made large investments in more modern equipment, including armored vehicles, air defense systems, fighter aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles, and warships, largely from Russia but also China and Western European suppliers; it is a conscript-based force that exercises regularly, including jointly with foreign militaries such as those of Russia, Tunisia, and some Sahel countries; the ANP is part of the African Union’s Standby Force for North Africa; the core combat units of the Land Forces consists of multiple armored and mechanized divisions, as well as a combined airborne and special forces division, plus separate brigades of mechanized or motorized infantry and tanks; the Naval Forces’ principal warships include frigates, corvettes, and attack submarines; in 2015, the Naval Forces acquired from Italy its first amphibious transport dock (LHD) ship, which is capable of carrying helicopters, small landing craft, and more than 300 troops; the Air Force has more than 100 Russian-made combat aircraft, as well as about 200 Russian-made combat helicopters (2023)" } }, "Space": { diff --git a/africa/ao.json b/africa/ao.json index ad447208..12b9364f 100644 --- a/africa/ao.json +++ b/africa/ao.json @@ -802,10 +802,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "48.6% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "49.7% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "1.5% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.5% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1192,12 +1192,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 13, oil tanker 8, other 43" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Namibe" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "21 (2024)" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (export)": { - "text": "Angola Soyo" + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "8" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "13" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "17" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Cabinda, Estrela Oil Field, Lobito, Luanda, Malongo Oil Terminal, Namibe, Palanca Terminal, Takula Terminal" } } }, @@ -1235,7 +1250,7 @@ "text": "in 2023, Angola agreed to send 500 troops to the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) for 12 months to oversee cantonment of a rebel group known as M23 (2023)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Angolan Armed Forces were created in 1991 under the Bicesse Accords signed between the Angolan Government and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA); the current force is responsible for country’s external defense but also has some domestic security responsibilities, including border protection, expulsion of irregular migrants, and small-scale counterinsurgency operations against groups like the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda separatists in Cabinda; the Army and Air Force are some of the largest and better equipped forces in the region; a significant portion of the Army's core combat forces--six infantry divisions--are motorized and supported by approximately 300 Soviet-era tanks, while the Air Force has a fleet of approximately 100 combat aircraft, plus a substantial inventory of transport aircraft and helicopter gunships; while naval modernization has received more attention in recent years, the Navy remains a small force of fast attack and coastal patrol craft (2023)" + "text": "the Angolan Armed Forces were created in 1991 under the Bicesse Accords signed between the Angolan Government and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA); the current force is responsible for country’s external defense but also has some domestic security responsibilities, including border protection, expulsion of irregular migrants, and small-scale counterinsurgency operations against separatist groups; the Army and Air Force are some of the largest and better equipped forces in the region; a significant portion of the Army's core combat forces--six infantry divisions--are motorized and supported by hundreds of Soviet-era tanks, while the Air Force has a fleet of approximately 100 combat aircraft, plus a substantial inventory of transport aircraft and helicopter gunships; while naval modernization has received more attention in recent years, the Navy remains a small force of fast attack and coastal patrol craft (2023)" } }, "Space": { diff --git a/africa/bc.json b/africa/bc.json index c4b9920c..4d18a2b4 100644 --- a/africa/bc.json +++ b/africa/bc.json @@ -1208,15 +1208,6 @@ "text": "the BDF’s key functions include defending the country's territorial integrity on land and in the air, ensuring national security and stability, and aiding civil authorities in support of domestic missions such as disaster relief and anti-poaching; it participates in regional and international security operations; the Ground Force has five small brigades of infantry, light armor, and artillery, plus commandos and a marine unit with boats and river craft for patrolling Botswana's internal waterways and supporting anti-poaching operations; the Air Arm has a small squadron of ageing fighters, as well as some multipurpose helicopters

Bechuanaland/Botswana did not have a permanent military during colonial times, with the British colonial administrators relying instead on small, lightly armed constabularies such as the Bechuanaland Mounted Police, the Bechuanaland Border Police, and by the early 1960s, the Police Mobile Unit (PMU); after independence in 1966, Botswana militarized the PMU and gave it responsibility for the country’s defense rather than create a conventional military force; however, turmoil in neighboring countries and numerous cross-border incursions by Rhodesian and South African security forces in the 1960s and 1970s demonstrated that the PMU was inadequate for defending the country and led to the establishment of the Botswana Defense Force (BDF) in 1977 (2023)" } }, - "Space": { - "Space agency/agencies": { - "text": "no national government space agency; Botswana’s space program is the responsibility of the Botswana International University of Science, Technology (BIUST) under the Ministry of Tertiary Education, Research, Science, and Technology  (2023)" - }, - "Space program overview": { - "text": "has a small program focused on acquiring, operating, and exploiting satellites; has received some technical training and support from China (2023)", - "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S" - } - }, "Transnational Issues": { "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { diff --git a/africa/bn.json b/africa/bn.json index 2de54535..17b20ae4 100644 --- a/africa/bn.json +++ b/africa/bn.json @@ -1193,11 +1193,26 @@ "text": "other 6" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Cotonou" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "1 (2024)" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { "text": "Cotonou" } } diff --git a/africa/by.json b/africa/by.json index c5c881ea..fe62290d 100644 --- a/africa/by.json +++ b/africa/by.json @@ -1142,11 +1142,6 @@ }, "Waterways": { "text": "673 km (2022) (mainly on Lake Tanganyika between Bujumbura, Burundi's principal port, and lake ports in Tanzania, Zambia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo)" - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "lake port(s)": { - "text": "Bujumbura (Lake Tanganyika)" - } } }, "Military and Security": { diff --git a/africa/cf.json b/africa/cf.json index 66660ef6..d4d54236 100644 --- a/africa/cf.json +++ b/africa/cf.json @@ -1220,17 +1220,28 @@ "text": "oil tanker 1, other 10" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Pointe-Noire" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "5 (2024)" }, - "oil terminal(s)": { - "text": "Djeno" + "large": { + "text": "0" }, - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Brazzaville (Congo)" + "medium": { + "text": "0" }, - "note": "Impfondo (Oubangui) Ouesso (Sangha) Oyo (Alima)" + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "4" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "4" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Djeno Terminal, Dussafu Terminal, N'kossa Terminal, Pointe Noire, Yombo Terminal" + } } }, "Military and Security": { diff --git a/africa/cg.json b/africa/cg.json index 59574b84..50a2c1ce 100644 --- a/africa/cg.json +++ b/africa/cg.json @@ -1241,12 +1241,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 5, oil tanker 2, other 17" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Banana" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "3 (2024)" }, - "river or lake port(s)": { - "text": "Boma, Bumba, Kinshasa, Kisangani, Matadi, Mbandaka (Congo); Kindu (Lualaba); Bukavu, Goma (Lake Kivu); Kalemie (Lake Tanganyika)" + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "2" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Banana, Boma, Matadi" } } }, diff --git a/africa/cm.json b/africa/cm.json index 501f1363..5a429a12 100644 --- a/africa/cm.json +++ b/africa/cm.json @@ -851,10 +851,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "45.3% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "45.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "2.1% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1244,14 +1244,31 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 2, general cargo 91, oil tanker 42, other 63" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "oil terminal(s)": { - "text": "Limboh Terminal" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "7 (2024)" }, - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Douala (Wouri)" + "large": { + "text": "0" }, - "note": "Garoua (Benoue)" + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "5" + }, + "size unknown": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "5" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Douala, Ebome Marine Terminal, Kole Oil Terminal, Kome Kribi 1 Marine Terminal, Kribi Deep Sea Port, Limboh Terminal, Moudi Marine Terminal" + } } }, "Military and Security": { diff --git a/africa/cn.json b/africa/cn.json index 471428dd..8c8b6b7f 100644 --- a/africa/cn.json +++ b/africa/cn.json @@ -1094,9 +1094,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 17, container ship 7, general cargo 125, oil tanker 36, other 88" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Moroni, Moutsamoudou" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "4 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "4" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "3" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Dzaoudzi, Fomboni, Moroni, Moutsamoudu" } } }, diff --git a/africa/ct.json b/africa/ct.json index 50201a07..4e7e9de5 100644 --- a/africa/ct.json +++ b/africa/ct.json @@ -1146,12 +1146,6 @@ }, "Waterways": { "text": "2,800 km (2011) (the primary navigable river is the Ubangi, which joins the River Congo; it was the traditional route for the export of products because it connected with the Congo-Ocean railway at Brazzaville; because of the warfare on both sides of the River Congo from 1997, importers and exporters preferred routes through Cameroon)" - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Bangui (Oubangui)" - }, - "note": "Nola (Sangha)" } }, "Military and Security": { diff --git a/africa/cv.json b/africa/cv.json index 3a21afcf..82a2fcbd 100644 --- a/africa/cv.json +++ b/africa/cv.json @@ -1132,9 +1132,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 14, oil tanker 2, other 28" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Porto Grande" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "2 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Porto Da Praia, Porto Grande" } } }, diff --git a/africa/dj.json b/africa/dj.json index a20d9837..4791db4e 100644 --- a/africa/dj.json +++ b/africa/dj.json @@ -1141,9 +1141,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 1, container ship 1, general cargo 4, oil tanker 13, other 21" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Djibouti" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "2 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "2" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Djibouti, Doraleh" } } }, diff --git a/africa/eg.json b/africa/eg.json index 4da49bf8..94a08438 100644 --- a/africa/eg.json +++ b/africa/eg.json @@ -838,10 +838,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "33.3% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "37.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "4.7% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.7% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1245,20 +1245,31 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 14, container ship 6, general cargo 23, oil tanker 42, other 356" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Mediterranean Sea - Alexandria, Damietta, El Dekheila, Port Said" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "31 (2024)" }, - "oil terminal(s)": { - "text": "Ain Sukhna terminal, Sidi Kerir terminal" + "large": { + "text": "5" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Port Said (East) (4,764,583) (2021)" + "medium": { + "text": "1" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (export)": { - "text": "Damietta, Idku (Abu Qir Bay), Sumed" + "small": { + "text": "8" }, - "note": "Gulf of Suez - Suez" + "very small": { + "text": "16" + }, + "size unknown": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "17" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Ain Sukhna Terminal, Al Iskandariyh (Alexandria), As Suways, Bur Sa'id, Damietta, Ras Shukhier" + } } }, "Military and Security": { @@ -1302,10 +1313,10 @@ }, "Space": { "Space agency/agencies": { - "text": "Egyptian Space Agency (EgSA; public economic authority established 2019); National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Science (NARSS; formed in 1994 from the Remote Sensing Center, which was established in 1971) (2023)" + "text": "Egyptian Space Agency (EgSA; public economic authority established 2019); National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Science (NARSS; formed in 1994 from the Remote Sensing Center, which was established in 1971) (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "has a growing program with a focus on developing the capabilities to manufacture satellites and associated support infrastructure; seeks to become a regional space power; operates satellites; builds satellites jointly with foreign partners but developing localized satellite manufacturing capabilities; acquiring through technology transfers and domestic development programs other space-related technologies, including those related to communications, Earth imaging/remote sensing (RS), and satellite payloads and components; cooperating on space-related issues with a variety of foreign governments and commercial space companies, including those of Belarus, Canada, China, the European Space Agency and its member states (particularly France, Germany, Italy), Ghana, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Nigeria, Russia, South Africa, Sudan, Uganda, Ukraine, the UAE, and the US; also a member of the Arab Space Coordination Group, established by the UAE in 2019; has a commercial space sector that focuses on satellite communications, satellite design and production, RS, and space applications (2023)", + "text": "has a growing program with a focus on developing the capabilities to manufacture satellites and associated support infrastructure; seeks to become a regional space power; operates satellites; builds satellites jointly with foreign partners but developing localized satellite manufacturing capabilities; acquiring through technology transfers and domestic development programs other space-related technologies, including those related to communications, Earth imaging/remote sensing (RS), and satellite payloads and components; cooperating on space-related issues with a variety of foreign governments and commercial space companies, including those of Belarus, Canada, China, the European Space Agency and its member states (particularly France, Germany, Italy), Ghana, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Nigeria, Russia, South Africa, Sudan, Uganda, Ukraine, the UAE, and the US; also a member of the Arab Space Coordination Group, established by the UAE in 2019; has a commercial space sector that focuses on satellite communications, satellite design and production, RS, and space applications (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S" } }, diff --git a/africa/ek.json b/africa/ek.json index b73fc512..47a69cba 100644 --- a/africa/ek.json +++ b/africa/ek.json @@ -1084,12 +1084,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 1, general cargo 16, oil tanker 7, other 29" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Bata, Luba, Malabo" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "7 (2024)" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (export)": { - "text": "Bioko Island" + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "6" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "6" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Bata, Ceiba Terminal, Cogo, Luba, Malabo, Punta Europa Terminal, Serpentina Terminal" } } }, diff --git a/africa/er.json b/africa/er.json index cf5dbc8e..b3debcbc 100644 --- a/africa/er.json +++ b/africa/er.json @@ -1094,9 +1094,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 4, oil tanker 1, other 4" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Assab, Massawa" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "2 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "2" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Assab, Mitsiwa Harbor" } } }, diff --git a/africa/et.json b/africa/et.json index eaceafc7..b5cec455 100644 --- a/africa/et.json +++ b/africa/et.json @@ -860,10 +860,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "56.6% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "41.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "3.8% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.1% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1244,9 +1244,6 @@ "by type": { "text": "general cargo 10, oil tanker 2" } - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "text": "Ethiopia is landlocked and uses the ports of Djibouti in Djibouti and Berbera in Somalia" } }, "Military and Security": { @@ -1289,10 +1286,10 @@ }, "Space": { "Space agency/agencies": { - "text": "Ethiopian Space Science and Geospatial Institute (ESSGI; formed in 2022 from the joining of the Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute or ESSTI and the Ethiopian Geospatial Information Institute or EGII) (2023)" + "text": "Ethiopian Space Science and Geospatial Institute (ESSGI; formed in 2022 from the joining of the Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute or ESSTI and the Ethiopian Geospatial Information Institute or EGII) (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "has a small space program with a focus on acquiring and operating satellites, as well as research and astronomy; jointly builds satellites with foreign partners and operates and exploits remote sensing (RS) satellites; developing the ability to manufacture satellites and their associated payloads; involved in astronomy and in the construction of space observatories; cooperates on space-related issues with a variety of countries, including China, France, India, Russia, and multiple African countries, particularly Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda; shares RS data with neighboring countries (2023)", + "text": "has a small space program with a focus on acquiring and operating satellites, as well as research and astronomy; jointly builds satellites with foreign partners and operates and exploits remote sensing (RS) satellites; developing the ability to manufacture satellites and their associated payloads; involved in astronomy and in the construction of space observatories; cooperates on space-related issues with a variety of countries, including China, France, India, Russia, and multiple African countries, particularly Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda; shares RS data with neighboring countries (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S" } }, diff --git a/africa/ga.json b/africa/ga.json index c2c3f5c1..15115311 100644 --- a/africa/ga.json +++ b/africa/ga.json @@ -1161,8 +1161,26 @@ "text": "general cargo 5, other 10" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "1 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { "text": "Banjul" } } diff --git a/africa/gb.json b/africa/gb.json index 5c8dc58b..6a1dc4a5 100644 --- a/africa/gb.json +++ b/africa/gb.json @@ -1160,12 +1160,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 1, general cargo 19, oil tanker 30, other 37" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Libreville, Owendo, Port-Gentil" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "9 (2024)" }, - "oil terminal(s)": { - "text": "Gamba, Lucina" + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "2" + }, + "small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "5" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "7" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Libreville, Oguendjo Terminal, Port Gentil, Port Owendo" } } }, @@ -1206,10 +1221,10 @@ }, "Space": { "Space agency/agencies": { - "text": "Gabonese Studies and Space Observations Agency (Agence Gabonaise d’Etudes et d’Observations Spatiales or AGEOS; established 2015) (2023)" + "text": "Gabonese Studies and Space Observations Agency (Agence Gabonaise d’Etudes et d’Observations Spatiales or AGEOS; established 2015) (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "has a small space program focused on the acquisition, processing, analysis, and furnishing of data from foreign remote sensing (RS) satellites for environmental management, mapping, natural resources, land use planning, and maritime surveillance, as well as research and innovation; has relationships with Brazil, China, the European Space Agency (ESA) and its member states (particularly France), Kenya, Niger, Rwanda, South Africa, and the US; shares RS data with neighboring countries (2023)", + "text": "has a small space program focused on the acquisition, processing, analysis, and furnishing of data from foreign remote sensing (RS) satellites for environmental management, mapping, natural resources, land use planning, and maritime surveillance, as well as research and innovation; has relationships with Brazil, China, the European Space Agency (ESA) and its member states (particularly France), Kenya, Niger, Rwanda, South Africa, and the US; shares RS data with neighboring countries (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S" } }, diff --git a/africa/gh.json b/africa/gh.json index 2ba0d4e0..d7ab38fb 100644 --- a/africa/gh.json +++ b/africa/gh.json @@ -823,10 +823,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "41.3% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "39.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "1% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.5% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1215,9 +1215,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 8, oil tanker 3, other 41" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Takoradi, Tema" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "4 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "3" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Saltpond, Sekondi, Takoradi, Tema" } } }, @@ -1262,10 +1280,10 @@ }, "Space": { "Space agency/agencies": { - "text": "Ghana Space Science and Technology Center (GSSTC; established 2011); note – the GSSTC is eventually slated to become the Ghana Space Agency (2023)" + "text": "Ghana Space Science and Technology Center (GSSTC; established 2011); note – the GSSTC is eventually slated to become the Ghana Space Agency (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "has a small, nascent space program focused on research in space sciences and exploiting remote sensing (RS) technology for natural resource management, weather forecasting, agriculture, and national security issues; relies on foreign imagery for analysis but seeks to develop its own RS satellite capabilities; one of Africa’s leaders in satellite dish research; trains aerospace scientists and engineers; has established relations on space-related issues with China, Japan, and South Africa; cooperating with Egypt, Kenya, Nigeria, Sudan, and Uganda to establish a joint satellite to monitor climate changes in the African continent; partner of the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) international astronomy initiative (2023)", + "text": "has a small, nascent space program focused on research in space sciences and exploiting remote sensing (RS) technology for natural resource management, weather forecasting, agriculture, and national security issues; relies on foreign imagery for analysis but seeks to develop its own RS satellite capabilities; one of Africa’s leaders in satellite dish research; trains aerospace scientists and engineers; has established relations on space-related issues with China, Japan, and South Africa; cooperating with Egypt, Kenya, Nigeria, Sudan, and Uganda to establish a joint satellite to monitor climate changes in the African continent; partner of the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) international astronomy initiative (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear Appendix S" } }, diff --git a/africa/gv.json b/africa/gv.json index 2b1062d5..7a84d2c9 100644 --- a/africa/gv.json +++ b/africa/gv.json @@ -1181,9 +1181,27 @@ "text": "other 2" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Conakry, Kamsar" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "4 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "3" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "2" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Benti, Conakry, Kamsar, Victoria" } } }, diff --git a/africa/iv.json b/africa/iv.json index b1eb122d..8a7b88dc 100644 --- a/africa/iv.json +++ b/africa/iv.json @@ -837,10 +837,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "39.6% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "38.5% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "3.1% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1227,12 +1227,27 @@ "text": "oil tanker 2, other 23" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Abidjan, San-Pedro" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "5 (2024)" }, - "oil terminal(s)": { - "text": "Espoir Offshore Terminal" + "large": { + "text": "1" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "4" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "5" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Abidjan, Baobab Marine Terminal, Espoir Marine Terminal, Port Bouet, San Pedro" } } }, @@ -1276,10 +1291,10 @@ }, "Space": { "Space agency/agencies": { - "text": "announced in 2021 that it was in the process of establishing a national space agency (space issues currently managed by the Ministry of Scientific Research)  (2023)" + "text": "announced in 2021 that it was in the process of establishing a national space agency (space issues currently managed by the Ministry of Scientific Research) (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "has as nascent, small program focused on acquiring a remote sensing (RS) satellite for purposes detecting illegal gold mining, facilitating access to drinking water, mapping deforestation, and national security issues (2023)", + "text": "has as small, nascent program focused on acquiring a remote sensing (RS) satellite for purposes detecting illegal gold mining, facilitating access to drinking water, mapping deforestation, and national security issues (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S" } }, diff --git a/africa/ke.json b/africa/ke.json index f4577698..61ec3e3a 100644 --- a/africa/ke.json +++ b/africa/ke.json @@ -834,10 +834,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "52.9% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "56.1% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "4.1% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.7% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1226,12 +1226,27 @@ "text": "oil tanker 4, other 22" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Kisumu, Mombasa" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "4 (2024)" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Mombasa" + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Kilifi, Lamu, Malindi, Mombasa" } } }, diff --git a/africa/li.json b/africa/li.json index 3b50d1ec..2680bc27 100644 --- a/africa/li.json +++ b/africa/li.json @@ -1148,9 +1148,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 1,895, container ship 1,013, general cargo 170, oil tanker 1,038, other 705" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Buchanan, Monrovia" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "4 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "3" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "3" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Buchanan, Cape Palmas, Greenville, Monrovia" } } }, diff --git a/africa/ly.json b/africa/ly.json index bea59e1a..4818cd58 100644 --- a/africa/ly.json +++ b/africa/ly.json @@ -1082,15 +1082,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 2, oil tanker 13, other 81" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Marsa al Burayqah (Marsa el Brega), Tripoli" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "14 (2024)" }, - "oil terminal(s)": { - "text": "Az Zawiyah, Ra's Lanuf" + "large": { + "text": "0" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (export)": { - "text": "Marsa el Brega" + "medium": { + "text": "2" + }, + "small": { + "text": "3" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "9" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "10" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Al Burayqah, Az Zawiya, Banghazi, Mersa Tobruq, Mina Tarabulus (Tripoli)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/ma.json b/africa/ma.json index 6e984aa6..f1e8da4b 100644 --- a/africa/ma.json +++ b/africa/ma.json @@ -1175,9 +1175,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 16, oil tanker 2, other 11" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Antsiranana (Diego Suarez), Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara (Tulear)" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "13 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "11" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "5" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Andoany, Antsiranana, Antsohim Bondrona, Iharana, Mahajanga, Maintirano, Manakara, Mananjary, Maroantsetra, Morondava, Toamasina, Tolanaro, Toliara" } } }, diff --git a/africa/mi.json b/africa/mi.json index b53d88c9..96087a75 100644 --- a/africa/mi.json +++ b/africa/mi.json @@ -1196,11 +1196,6 @@ }, "Waterways": { "text": "700 km (2010) (on Lake Nyasa [Lake Malawi] and Shire River)" - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "lake port(s)": { - "text": "Chipoka, Monkey Bay, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Chilumba (Lake Nyasa)" - } } }, "Military and Security": { diff --git a/africa/ml.json b/africa/ml.json index 82c8bab6..d82fb927 100644 --- a/africa/ml.json +++ b/africa/ml.json @@ -1189,11 +1189,6 @@ }, "Waterways": { "text": "1,800 km (2011) (downstream of Koulikoro; low water levels on the River Niger cause problems in dry years; in the months before the rainy season the river is not navigable by commercial vessels)" - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Koulikoro (Niger)" - } } }, "Military and Security": { diff --git a/africa/mo.json b/africa/mo.json index 4675a965..512bc283 100644 --- a/africa/mo.json +++ b/africa/mo.json @@ -844,10 +844,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "34% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "33.9% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "1.4% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.4% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1221,15 +1221,27 @@ "text": "container ship 6, general cargo 5, oil tanker 2, other 81" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Ad Dakhla, Agadir, Casablanca, Jorf Lasfar, Laayoune (El Aaiun), Mohammedia, Safi, Tangier" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "12 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Tangier (7,173,870) (2021)" + "large": { + "text": "3" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Jorf Lasfar (planned)" + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "3" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "5" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "2" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Agadir, Casablanca, Tanger, Tangier-Mediterranean" } } }, diff --git a/africa/mp.json b/africa/mp.json index 6bf4d48a..713da901 100644 --- a/africa/mp.json +++ b/africa/mp.json @@ -1137,9 +1137,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 1, oil tanker 4, other 27" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Port Louis" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "2 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Port Louis, Port Mathurin" } } }, diff --git a/africa/mr.json b/africa/mr.json index f6d09c71..b24d1a68 100644 --- a/africa/mr.json +++ b/africa/mr.json @@ -1206,8 +1206,26 @@ "text": "general cargo 2, other 9" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "2 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "2" + }, + "key ports": { "text": "Nouadhibou, Nouakchott" } } diff --git a/africa/mz.json b/africa/mz.json index 79e56520..2f1343a8 100644 --- a/africa/mz.json +++ b/africa/mz.json @@ -1211,12 +1211,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 9, other 27" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Beira, Maputo, Nacala" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "11 (2024)" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (export)": { - "text": "Coral Sul (FLNG)" + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "2" + }, + "small": { + "text": "5" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "4" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "3" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Beira, Chinde, Inhambane, Maputo, Mocambique, Pebane, Porto Belo" } } }, diff --git a/africa/ni.json b/africa/ni.json index 7f800f2e..265ede5a 100644 --- a/africa/ni.json +++ b/africa/ni.json @@ -833,10 +833,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "59% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "59% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "1% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "1% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1228,15 +1228,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 23, oil tanker 128, other 777" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Bonny Inshore Terminal, Calabar, Lagos" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "28 (2024)" }, - "oil terminal(s)": { - "text": "Bonny Terminal, Brass Terminal, Escravos Terminal, Forcados Terminal, Pennington Terminal, Qua Iboe Terminal" + "large": { + "text": "2" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (export)": { - "text": "Bonny Island" + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "24" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "23" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Antan Oil Terminal, Bonny, Lagos, Pennington Oil Terminal" } } }, diff --git a/africa/od.json b/africa/od.json index dc373f44..fb2b8988 100644 --- a/africa/od.json +++ b/africa/od.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

South Sudan, which gained independence from Sudan on 9 July 2011, is the world’s newest country. Home to a diverse array of mainly Nilotic ethnolinguistic groups that settled in the territory in the 15th through 19th centuries, South Sudanese society is heavily dependent on seasonal fluctuations in precipitation and seasonal migration. The land comprising modern-day South Sudan was conquered first by Egypt and later ruled jointly by Egyptian-British colonial administrators in the late 19th century. Christian missionaries propagated the spread of English and Christianity, rather than Arabic and Islam, leading to significant cultural differences between the northern and southern parts of Sudan. When Sudan gained its independence in 1956, the Southern region received assurances that it would participate fully in the political system. However, the Arab government in Khartoum reneged on its promises, prompting two periods of civil war (1955-1972 and 1983-2005) in which as many as 2.5 million people died - mostly civilians - due largely to starvation and drought. The Second Sudanese civil war was one of the deadliest since WWII and left Southern Sudanese society devastated by humanitarian crises and economic deterioration. Peace talks resulted in a US-backed Comprehensive Peace Agreement, signed in January 2005, which granted the South a six-year period of autonomy followed by a referendum on final status. The result of this referendum, held in January 2011, was a vote of 98% in favor of secession.

Since independence, South Sudan has struggled to form a viable governing system and has been plagued by widespread corruption, political conflict, and communal violence. In December 2013, conflict erupted between forces loyal to President Salva KIIR, a Dinka, and forces loyal to Vice President Riek MACHAR, a Nuer. The conflict quickly spread throughout the country and unfolded along ethnic lines, killing tens of thousands and creating a dire humanitarian crisis, with millions of South Sudanese displaced and food insecure. KIIR and MACHAR signed a peace agreement in August 2015 that created a Transitional Government of National Unity in April 2016. However, in July 2016, renewed fighting broke out in Juba between KIIR and MACHAR’s forces, plunging the country back into conflict and drawing in additional armed opposition groups, including those in the southern Equatoria region that had largely stayed out of the first round of civil war. A \"revitalized\" peace agreement was signed in September 2018, which mostly ended the fighting. The government and most armed opposition groups agreed that they would form a unified national army, create a transitional government by May 2019, and prepare for elections in December 2022. The transitional government was formed in February 2020, when MACHAR returned to Juba as first vice president. Since 2020, implementation of the peace agreement has been stalled as the parties wrangle over power-sharing arrangements, contributing to an uptick in communal violence and the country’s worst food security crisis since independence, with 7 of 11 million South Sudanese citizens in need of humanitarian assistance.  The parties to the agreement extended the transitional period by an additional two years in 2022, pushing elections to late 2024.

" + "text": "

South Sudan, which gained independence from Sudan in 2011, is the world’s newest country. Home to a diverse array of mainly Nilotic ethnolinguistic groups that settled in the territory in the 15th through 19th centuries, South Sudanese society is heavily dependent on seasonal migration and seasonal fluctuations in precipitation. Modern-day South Sudan was conquered first by Egypt and later ruled jointly by Egyptian-British colonial administrators in the late 19th century. Christian missionaries helped spread the English language and Christianity in the area, leading to significant cultural differences with the northern part of Sudan, where Arabic and Islam are dominant. When Sudan gained its independence in 1956, the southern region received assurances that it would participate fully in the political system. However, the Arab government in Khartoum reneged on its promises, prompting two periods of civil war (1955-1972 and 1983-2005) in which as many as 2.5 million people died -- mostly civilians -- due largely to starvation and drought. The second Sudanese civil war was one of the deadliest since WWII and left southern Sudanese society devastated. Peace talks resulted in a US-backed Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005, which granted the South six years of autonomy followed by a referendum on final status. The result of this referendum, held in 2011, was a vote of 98% in favor of secession.

Since independence, South Sudan has struggled to form a viable governing system and has been plagued by widespread corruption, political conflict, and communal violence. In 2013, conflict erupted between forces loyal to President Salva KIIR, a Dinka, and forces loyal to Vice President Riek MACHAR, a Nuer. The conflict quickly spread through the country along ethnic lines, killing tens of thousands and creating a humanitarian crisis with millions of South Sudanese displaced. KIIR and MACHAR signed a peace agreement in 2015 that created a Transitional Government of National Unity the next year. However, renewed fighting broke out in Juba between KIIR and MACHAR’s forces, plunging the country back into conflict and drawing in additional armed opposition groups. A \"revitalized\" peace agreement was signed in 2018, mostly ending the fighting and laying the groundwork for a unified national army, a transitional government, and elections. The transitional government was formed in 2020, when MACHAR returned to Juba as first vice president. Since 2020, implementation of the peace agreement has been stalled amid wrangling over power-sharing, which has contributed to an uptick in communal violence and the country’s worst food crisis since independence, with 7 of 11 million South Sudanese citizens in need of humanitarian assistance. The transitional period was extended an additional two years in 2022, pushing elections to late 2024.

" } }, "Geography": { diff --git a/africa/pu.json b/africa/pu.json index e3f339d3..bbb5e248 100644 --- a/africa/pu.json +++ b/africa/pu.json @@ -1105,9 +1105,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 3, general cargo 12, other 5" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Bissau, Buba, Cacheu, Farim" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "2 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Bissau, Rio Cacheu" } } }, diff --git a/africa/rw.json b/africa/rw.json index 4cee439b..28614424 100644 --- a/africa/rw.json +++ b/africa/rw.json @@ -1174,11 +1174,6 @@ }, "Waterways": { "text": "90 km (2022) (Lake Kivu navigable by shallow-draft barges and native craft)" - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "lake port(s)": { - "text": "Cyangugu, Gisenyi, Kibuye (Lake Kivu)" - } } }, "Military and Security": { diff --git a/africa/se.json b/africa/se.json index ef4046f6..664ced74 100644 --- a/africa/se.json +++ b/africa/se.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

Seychelles was uninhabited prior to being discovered by Europeans early in the 16th century. A lengthy struggle between France and Great Britain for the islands ended in 1814, when they were ceded to the latter. During colonial rule, a plantation-based economy developed that relied on imported labor, primarily from European colonies in Africa. Seychelles gained independence in 1976 through negotiations with Great Britain. In 1977, prime minister France-Albert RENE launched a coup against the country’s first president and Seychelles became a socialist one-party state until adopting a new constitution and holding elections in 1993. RENE continued to lead Seychelles through two election cycles until he stepped down in 2004. Vice President James Alix MICHEL took over the presidency and in 2006 was elected to a new five-year term; he was reelected in 2011 and again in 2015. In 2016, James MICHEL resigned and handed over the presidency to his vice-president, Danny FAURE. In 2020, Wavel RAMKALAWAN was elected president, the first time an opposition candidate has won the presidency.

" + "text": "

Seychelles was uninhabited before Europeans discovered the islands early in the 16th century. After a lengthy struggle, France eventually ceded control of the islands to Great Britain in 1814. During colonial rule, a plantation-based economy developed that relied on imported labor, primarily from European colonies in Africa. Seychelles gained independence in 1976 through negotiations with Great Britain. In 1977, Prime Minister France-Albert RENE launched a coup against the country’s first president, and Seychelles became a socialist one-party state until adopting a new constitution and holding elections in 1993. RENE continued to lead Seychelles through two election cycles until he stepped down in 2004. Vice President James Alix MICHEL took over the presidency and in 2006 was elected to a new five-year term; he was reelected in 2011 and again in 2015. In 2016, James MICHEL resigned and handed over the presidency to his vice-president, Danny FAURE. In 2020, Wavel RAMKALAWAN was elected president, the first time an opposition candidate has won the presidency.

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -1115,8 +1115,26 @@ "text": "general cargo 6, oil tanker 6, other 18" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "1 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { "text": "Victoria" } } diff --git a/africa/sf.json b/africa/sf.json index 490628ee..e0d09cd3 100644 --- a/africa/sf.json +++ b/africa/sf.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

Some of the earliest human remains in the fossil record are found in South Africa. By about A.D. 500, Bantu speaking groups began settling into what is now northeastern South Africa displacing Khoisan speaking groups to the southwest. Dutch traders landed at the southern tip of present-day South Africa in 1652 and established a stopover point on the spice route between the Netherlands and the Far East, founding the city of Cape Town. After the British seized the Cape of Good Hope area in 1806, many of the settlers of Dutch descent (Afrikaners, also called \"Boers\" (farmers) at the time) trekked north to found their own republics, Transvaal and Orange Free State. In the 1820s, several decades of wars began as the Zulus expanded their territory, moving out of what is today southeastern South Africa and clashing with other indigenous peoples and with expanding European settlements. The discovery of diamonds (1867) and gold (1886) spurred mass immigration predominately from Europe.

The Anglo-Zulu War (1879) resulted in the incorporation of the Zulu kingdom's territory into the British Empire. Subsequently, the Afrikaner republics were incorporated into the British Empire after their defeat in the Second South African War (1899-1902). However, the British and the Afrikaners ruled together beginning in 1910 under the Union of South Africa, which left the British Commonwealth to become a fully self-governing republic in 1961 after a Whites-only referendum. In 1948, the National Party was voted into power and instituted a policy of apartheid – billed as \"separate development\" of the races - which favored the White minority and suppressed the Black majority and other non-White groups. The African National Congress (ANC) led the resistance to apartheid and many top ANC leaders, such as Nelson MANDELA, spent decades in South Africa's prisons. Internal protests and insurgency, as well as boycotts by some Western nations and institutions, led to the regime's eventual willingness to unban the ANC and negotiate a peaceful transition to majority rule.

The first multi-racial elections in 1994 following the end of apartheid ushered in majority rule under an ANC-led government. South Africa has since struggled to address apartheid-era imbalances in wealth, housing, education, and health care under successive administrations. Cyril RAMAPHOSA, has made some progress in reigning in corruption, though many challenges persist. RAMAPHOSA was reelected ANC leader in 2022 ahead of national elections scheduled for 2024.

" + "text": "

Some of the earliest human remains in the fossil record were found in South Africa. By about A.D. 500, Bantu-speaking groups began settling into what is now northeastern South Africa, displacing Khoisan-speaking groups to the southwest. Dutch traders landed at the southern tip of present-day South Africa in 1652 and established a stopover point on the spice route between the Netherlands and the Far East, founding the city of Cape Town. After the British seized the Cape of Good Hope area in 1806, many settlers of Dutch descent -- known then as \"Boers,\" or farmers, but later called Afrikaners -- trekked north to found their own republics, Transvaal and Orange Free State. In the 1820s, several decades of wars began as the Zulus expanded their territory, moving out of what is today southeastern South Africa and clashing with other indigenous peoples and the growing European settlements. The discovery of diamonds (1867) and gold (1886) spurred mass immigration, predominantly from Europe.

The Zulu kingdom's territory was incorporated into the British Empire after the Anglo-Zulu War in 1879, and the Afrikaner republics were incorporated after their defeat in the Second South African War (1899-1902). Beginning in 1910, the British and the Afrikaners ruled together under the Union of South Africa, which left the British Commonwealth to become a fully self-governing republic in 1961 after a Whites-only referendum. In 1948, the National Party was voted into power and instituted a policy of apartheid -– billed as \"separate development\" of the races -- which favored the White minority and suppressed the Black majority and other non-White groups. The African National Congress (ANC) led the resistance to apartheid, and many top ANC leaders such as Nelson MANDELA spent decades in South Africa's prisons. Internal protests and insurgency, as well as boycotts from some Western nations and institutions, led to the regime's eventual willingness to unban the ANC and negotiate a peaceful transition to majority rule.

The first multi-racial elections in 1994 ushered in majority rule under an ANC-led government. South Africa has since struggled to address apartheid-era imbalances in wealth, housing, education, and health care under successive administrations. President Cyril RAMAPHOSA, who was reelected as the ANC leader in 2022, has made some progress in reigning in corruption. 

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -834,10 +834,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "21.4% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "21.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "4.9% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "5.1% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1250,15 +1250,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 3, general cargo 1, oil tanker 7, other 99" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Cape Town, Durban, Port Elizabeth, Richards Bay, Saldanha Bay" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "8 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Durban (2,430,295) (2021)" + "large": { + "text": "2" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Mossel Bay" + "medium": { + "text": "4" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "7" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Cape Town, Durban, Mossel Bay, Port Elizabeth, Richards Bay, Saldanha Bay" } } }, diff --git a/africa/sg.json b/africa/sg.json index 01095976..3318f8d7 100644 --- a/africa/sg.json +++ b/africa/sg.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Senegal is one of the few countries in the world with evidence of continuous human life from the Paleolithic period to present. Between the 14th and 16th centuries, the Jolof Empire ruled most of Senegal. Starting in the 15th century, Portugal, the Netherlands, France, and Great Britain traded along the Senegalese coast. Senegal’s location on the western tip of Africa made it a favorable base for the European slave trade. European powers used the Senegalese island of Goree as a base to purchase slaves from the warring chiefdoms on the mainland, and at the height of the slave trade in Senegal, over one-third of the Senegalese population was enslaved. In 1815, France abolished slavery and began expanding inland. During the second half of the 19th century, France took possession of Senegal as a French colony. In 1959, the French colonies of Senegal and French Sudan were merged and granted independence in 1960 as the Mali Federation. The union broke up after only a few months. In 1982, Senegal joined with The Gambia to form the nominal confederation of Senegambia. The envisaged integration of the two countries was never implemented, and the union dissolved in 1989.

Since the 1980s, the Movement of Democratic Forces in the Casamance -- a separatist movement based in southern Senegal -- has led a low-level insurgency. Several attempts at reaching a comprehensive peace agreement have failed. Since 2012, despite sporadic incidents of violence, an unofficial cease-fire has remained largely in effect. Senegal is one of the most stable democracies in Africa and has a long history of participating in international peacekeeping and regional mediation. The Socialist Party of Senegal ruled for 40 years until Abdoulaye WADE was elected president in 2000 and re-elected in 2007. WADE amended Senegal's constitution over a dozen times to increase executive power and weaken the opposition. In 2012, WADE’s decision to run for a third presidential term sparked public backlash that led to his loss to current President Macky SALL. A 2016 constitutional referendum limited future presidents to two consecutive five-year terms. SALL announced in July 2023 that he would not seek another term in office and will conclude his tenure in April 2024." + "text": "Senegal is one of the few countries in the world with evidence of continuous human life from the Paleolithic period to present. Between the 14th and 16th centuries, the Jolof Empire ruled most of Senegal. Starting in the 15th century, Portugal, the Netherlands, France, and Great Britain traded along the Senegalese coast. Senegal’s location on the western tip of Africa made it a favorable base for the European slave trade. European powers used the Senegalese island of Goree as a base to purchase slaves from the warring chiefdoms on the mainland, and at the height of the slave trade in Senegal, over one-third of the Senegalese population was enslaved. In 1815, France abolished slavery and began expanding inland. During the second half of the 19th century, France took possession of Senegal as a French colony. In 1959, the French colonies of Senegal and French Sudan were merged and granted independence in 1960 as the Mali Federation. The union broke up after only a few months. In 1982, Senegal joined with The Gambia to form the nominal confederation of Senegambia. The envisaged integration of the two countries was never implemented, and the union dissolved in 1989.

Since the 1980s, the Movement of Democratic Forces in the Casamance -- a separatist movement based in southern Senegal -- has led a low-level insurgency. Several attempts at reaching a comprehensive peace agreement have failed. Since 2012, despite sporadic incidents of violence, an unofficial cease-fire has remained largely in effect. Senegal is one of the most stable democracies in Africa and has a long history of participating in international peacekeeping and regional mediation. The Socialist Party of Senegal ruled for 40 years until Abdoulaye WADE was elected president in 2000 and re-elected in 2007. WADE amended Senegal's constitution over a dozen times to increase executive power and weaken the opposition. In 2012, WADE’s decision to run for a third presidential term sparked public backlash that led to his loss to current President Macky SALL. A 2016 constitutional referendum limited future presidents to two consecutive five-year terms. President Bassirou Diomaye FAYE took office in April 2024." } }, "Geography": { @@ -1208,9 +1208,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 5, oil tanker 1, other 30" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Dakar" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "6 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "4" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "4" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Dakar, Karabane, Lyndiane, M'bao Oil Terminal, Rufisque, St. Louis" } } }, @@ -1252,6 +1270,14 @@ "text": "despite limited resources, the FAS is considered to be a well-equipped, experienced, and effective military; it has a history of non-interference in the country’s political process and positive relations with civil authorities; the FAS is experienced in foreign deployments and has received assistance from the French military, which maintains a presence in Senegal, as well as Germany, Spain, the UK, and the US; the FAS’s primary focuses are border, internal, and maritime security; it is watching the prevalence of multiple active terrorist groups across the region and political instability in neighboring Mali and Guinea and has recently established new military and gendarmerie camps along its eastern border with Mali; the FAS also works with the civilian government in areas such as preventive healthcare, infrastructure development, environmental protection, and disaster response

the Army is spread amongst seven military zones and organized into a mix of light infantry battalions and light armored reconnaissance squadrons, as well as airborne, special operations, and artillery battalions; the Gendarmerie includes mobile units, as well as the Presidential Guard (aka “The Red Guard”); the Navy is small and its principal warships are coastal patrol craft; in recent years the Navy has acquired some modern naval platforms from France, Israel, and Spain, including several offshore patrol vessels, to improve its ability to monitor Senegal’s coastline and economic exclusion zone, conduct fisheries inspections, counter drug trafficking, and combat piracy; the Air Force is configured for supporting the ground forces and has a small number of light attack aircraft and helicopter gunships, as well as transport and reconnaissance aircraft

Senegalese security forces have been engaged in a low-level counterinsurgency campaign in the southern Casamance region against various factions of the separatist Movement of Democratic Forces of the Casamance (MDFC) since 1982; the conflict is one of longest running low-level insurgencies in the World, having claimed more than 5,000 lives while leaving another 60,000 displaced; in May 2023, a faction of the MFDC agreed to a peace deal (2023)" } }, + "Space": { + "Space agency/agencies": { + "text": "Senegalese Space Study Agency (Agence Sénégalaise d'Etudes Spatiales or ASES; launched in 2023 under the Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and Innovation) (2024)" + }, + "Space program overview": { + "text": "small, nascent program focused on acquiring satellites, largely for socio-economic development and research; conducts research in such fields as astronomy and planetary sciences; has cooperated with the European Space Agency, and the space agencies of France and the US (2024)" + } + }, "Terrorism": { "Terrorist group(s)": { "text": "Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM)" diff --git a/africa/sh.json b/africa/sh.json index ee106a50..4d23f83f 100644 --- a/africa/sh.json +++ b/africa/sh.json @@ -739,18 +739,27 @@ "text": "30 km (2002) (Saint Helena 20 km, Tristan da Cunha 10 km)" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Saint Helena" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "4 (2024)" }, - "Saint Helena": { - "text": "Jamestown" + "large": { + "text": "1" }, - "Ascension Island": { - "text": "Georgetown" + "medium": { + "text": "1" }, - "Tristan da Cunha": { - "text": "Calshot Harbor (Edinburgh)" + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "2" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Edinburgh Of The Seven Seas, Georgetown, Jamestown, North Point" } }, "Transportation - note": { diff --git a/africa/sl.json b/africa/sl.json index 007a7e80..3bb970b5 100644 --- a/africa/sl.json +++ b/africa/sl.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

Continuously populated for at least 2,500 years, the dense jungle in the area of Sierra Leone allowed the region to remain relatively protected from invaders from empires in West Africa. Traders introduced Sierra Leone to Islam, which occupies a central role in Sierra Leonean culture and history. In the 17th century, the British set up a trading post near present-day Freetown. The trade originally involved timber and ivory but later expanded to enslaved people. In 1787, following the American Revolution, Sierra Leone became a destination for Black British loyalists from the new United States. After the abolition of the slave trade in 1807, British ships delivered thousands of liberated Africans to Sierra Leone. During the 19th century, the colony gradually expanded inland.

In 1961, Sierra Leone became independent of the UK. While Sierra Leone held free and fair elections in 1962 and 1967, Siaka STEVENS - Sierra Leone’s second prime minister - quickly reverted to authoritarian tendencies, outlawing most political parties and ruling from 1967 to 1985. In 1991, Sierra Leonean soldiers launched a civil war against STEVENS’ ruling party. The war caused tens of thousands of deaths and displaced more than 2 million people (about one third of the population). In 1998, a Nigerian-led West African coalition military force intervened, installing Tejan KABBAH - who was originally elected in 1996 - as prime minister. In 2002, KABBAH officially announced the end of the war. Since 1998, Sierra Leone has conducted uninterrupted democratic elections dominated by the two main political parties,the Sierra Leone People’s Party (SLPP) and the All People’s Congress (APC) party. In 2018, Julius Maada BIO of the Sierra Leone People’s Party won the presidential election that saw a high voter turnout despite some allegations of voter intimidation. On June 27, 2023, the Electoral Commission for Sierra Leone announced incumbent President Julius Maada Bio as the winner of the June 2023 presidential election. Independent parallel vote tabulations and analyses by accredited national and international observation missions noted irregularities in the elections results, calling into question the integrity of the results.  On October 19, 2023, following a mediated dialogue, the Government of Sierra Leone and the main opposition party, the All People’s Congress, signed the Agreement for National Unity, which chartered a path forward for greater dialogue and cooperation between political parties, as well as the review and reform of the country’s electoral system.

" + "text": "

Continuously populated for at least 2,500 years, the area now known as Sierra Leone is covered with dense jungle that allowed the region to remain relatively protected from invading West African empires. Traders introduced Sierra Leone to Islam, which occupies a central role in Sierra Leonean culture and history. In the 17th century, the British set up a trading post near present-day Freetown. The trade originally involved timber and ivory but later expanded to enslaved people. In 1787, after the American Revolution, Sierra Leone became a destination for Black British loyalists from the new United States. When Britain abolished the slave trade in 1807, British ships delivered thousands of liberated Africans to Sierra Leone. During the 19th century, the colony gradually expanded inland.

In 1961, Sierra Leone became independent of the UK. Sierra Leone held free and fair elections in 1962 and 1967, but Siaka STEVENS -- Sierra Leone’s second prime minister -- quickly reverted to authoritarian tendencies, outlawing most political parties and ruling from 1967 to 1985. In 1991, Sierra Leonean soldiers launched a civil war against STEVENS’ ruling party. The war caused tens of thousands of deaths and displaced more than 2 million people (about one third of the population). In 1998, a Nigerian-led West African coalition military force intervened, installing Tejan KABBAH -- who was originally elected in 1996 -- as prime minister. In 2002, KABBAH officially announced the end of the war. Since 1998, Sierra Leone has conducted democratic elections dominated by the two main political parties, the Sierra Leone People’s Party (SLPP) and the All People’s Congress (APC) party. In 2018, Julius Maada BIO of the Sierra Leone People’s Party won the presidential election that saw a high voter turnout despite some allegations of voter intimidation. BIO won again in June 2023, although irregularities were noted that called into question the integrity of the results.  In October 2023, the Government of Sierra Leone and the main opposition party, the All People’s Congress, signed the Agreement for National Unity to boost cooperation between political parties and begin the process of reforming the country’s electoral system.

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -1149,9 +1149,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 33, container ship 8, general cargo 320, oil tanker 97, other 126" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Freetown, Pepel, Sherbro Islands" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "3 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "2" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Bonthe, Freetown, Pepel" } } }, diff --git a/africa/so.json b/africa/so.json index 3eb848b8..86330ba4 100644 --- a/africa/so.json +++ b/africa/so.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

Ancient Egypt trade expeditions along the northeastern coast of Africa - including today's Eritrea, Djibouti, and Somalia - occurred at various times between the 25th and 12th centuries B.C. Between A.D. 800 and 1100, immigrant Muslim Arabs and Persians set up coastal trading posts along the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, solidifying Somalia’s close trading relationship with the Arab Peninsula. In the late 19th century, Britain, France and Italy established colonies in the Somali Peninsula, where they remained until 1960, when British Somaliland gained independence and joined with Italian Somaliland to form the Republic of Somalia, and France maintained control over modern-day Djibouti. The country functioned as a parliamentary democracy until 1969, when General Mohamed SIAD Barre took control in a coup, beginning a 22-year authoritarian socialist dictatorship. In an effort to centralize power, SIAD called for the eradication of the clan, the key cultural and social organizing principle in Somali society. Resistance to SIAD’s socialist leadership, which was causing a rapid deterioration of the country, prompted allied clan militias to overthrow SIAD in early 1991, resulting in state collapse. Subsequent fighting between rival clans for resources and territory overwhelmed the country, resulting in a manmade famine and prompting international intervention. Beginning in 1993, the UN spearheaded a humanitarian mission supported by international forces, but the international community largely withdrew by 1995 following an incident that became known as Black Hawk Down in which two American Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk helicopters were shot down in Mogadishu. The fighting and subsequent siege and rescue resulted in 21 deaths and 82 wounded among the international forces.

International peace conferences in the 2000s resulted in a number of transitional governments that operated outside of Somalia. Left largely to themselves, Somalis in the country established alternative governance structures; some areas formed their own administrations, such as Somaliland and Puntland, while others developed localized institutions. Many local populations turned to using sharia courts, an Islamic judicial system that implements religious law. Several of these courts came together in 2006 to form the Islamic Courts Union (ICU). The ICU established order in many areas of central and southern Somalia, including Mogadishu, but was forced out when Ethiopia intervened militarily in December 2006 on behalf of the Somali Transitional Federal Government (TFG). While the TFG settled in the capital, the ICU fled to rural areas or from Somalia altogether, reemerging less than a year later as the Islamic insurgent and terrorist movement al-Shabaab, which is still active today. In January 2007, the African Union (AU) established the AU Mission in Somalia peacekeeping force, took over security responsibility for the country, and gave the TFG space to develop Somalia’s new government. By 2012, Somali powerbrokers agreed on a provisional constitution with a loose federal structure and established a central government in Mogadishu termed the Somali Federal Government (SFG). Since then, several interim regional administrations have been established and there have been three presidential elections. However, significant and fundamental governance and security problems remain for the SFG since al-Shabaab controls large portions of the country.

" + "text": "

Between A.D. 800 and 1100, immigrant Muslim Arabs and Persians set up coastal trading posts along the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, solidifying present-day Somalia’s close trading relationship with the Arab Peninsula. In the late 19th century, Britain, France, and Italy established colonies in the Somali Peninsula that lasted until 1960, when British Somaliland gained independence and joined with Italian Somaliland to form the Republic of Somalia.

The country functioned as a parliamentary democracy until 1969, when General Mohamed SIAD Barre took control in a coup, beginning a 22-year socialist dictatorship. In an effort to centralize power, SIAD called for the eradication of the clan, the key cultural and social organizing principle in Somali society. Resistance to SIAD’s socialist leadership, which was causing a rapid deterioration of the country, prompted allied clan militias to overthrow SIAD in 1991, resulting in state collapse. Subsequent fighting between rival clans for resources and territory overwhelmed the country, causing a manmade famine and prompting international intervention. Beginning in 1993, the UN spearheaded an international humanitarian mission, but the international community largely withdrew by 1995 after an incident that became known as Black Hawk Down, in which two US military helicopters were shot down in Mogadishu. The fighting and subsequent siege and rescue resulted in 21 deaths and 82 wounded among the international forces.

International peace conferences in the 2000s resulted in a number of transitional governments that operated outside Somalia. Left largely to themselves, Somalis in the country established alternative governance structures; some areas formed their own administrations, such as Somaliland and Puntland, while others developed localized institutions. Many local populations turned to sharia courts, an Islamic judicial system that implements religious law. Several of these courts came together in 2006 to form the Islamic Courts Union (ICU). The ICU established order in many areas of central and southern Somalia, including Mogadishu, but was forced out when Ethiopia intervened militarily in 2006 on behalf of the Somali Transitional Federal Government (TFG). As the TFG settled in the capital, the ICU fled to rural areas or left Somalia altogether, but the organization reemerged less than a year later as the Islamic insurgent and terrorist movement al-Shabaab, which is still active today.

In 2007, the African Union (AU) established a peacekeeping force, took over security responsibility for the country, and gave the TFG space to develop Somalia’s new government. By 2012, Somali powerbrokers agreed on a provisional constitution with a loose federal structure and established a central government in Mogadishu called the Somali Federal Government (SFG). Since then, the country has seen several interim regional administrations and three presidential elections, but significant governance and security problems remain because al-Shabaab still controls large portions of the country.

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -1085,9 +1085,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 1, other 3" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Berbera, Kismaayo" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "6 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "1" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "3" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "2" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Baraawe, Berbera, Boosaaso, Kismaayo, Marka, Muqdisho" } } }, diff --git a/africa/su.json b/africa/su.json index 945c8701..798294cf 100644 --- a/africa/su.json +++ b/africa/su.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

Long referred to as Nubia, modern-day Sudan was the site of the Kingdom of Kerma (ca. 2500-1500 B.C.) until it was absorbed into the New Kingdom of Egypt. By the 11th century B.C., the Kingdom of Kush gained independence from Egypt; it lasted in various forms until the middle of the 4th century A.D. After the fall of Kush, the Nubians formed three Christian kingdoms of Nobatia, Makuria, and Alodia. The latter two endured until around 1500. Between the 14th and 15th centuries much of Sudan was settled by Arab nomads, and between the 16th–19th centuries it underwent extensive Islamization. Following Egyptian occupation early in the 19th century, the British established an Anglo-Egyptian Sudan - nominally a condominium, but in effect a British colony.

Military regimes favoring Islamic-oriented governments have dominated national politics since Sudan gained independence from Anglo-Egyptian co-rule in 1956. The 30-year reign of President Omar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR, following months of nationwide protests, ended with the military forcing him out in April 2019. In July 2019, the country’s Transitional Military Council signed an agreement with the Forces for Freedom and Change (an umbrella group of civilian actors) to form a transitional government under a Constitutional Declaration. Economist and former international civil servant Abdalla HAMDOUK al-Kinani was selected to serve as prime minister of a transitional government, which was to have guided the country to credible democratic elections in late 2022. In October 2021, the Sudanese military organized a takeover that ousted Prime Minister HAMDOUK and his government and replaced civilian members of the Sovereign Council (Sudan’s collective Head of State) with individuals selected by the military. HAMDOUK was briefly reinstated in November 2021 but resigned in January 2022.

As of June 2023, General Abd-al-Fatah al-BURHAN Abd-al-Rahman, the Chair of Sudan’s Sovereign Council and Commander-in-Chief of the Sudanese Armed Forces, serves as de facto head of state and government. He presides over a Sovereign Council consisting of military leaders, former armed opposition group representatives, and civilians appointed by the military. A cabinet of acting ministers handles day-to-day administration. These acting ministers are either senior civil servants (some appointed by former Prime Minister HAMDOUK and some selected by the military) or holdover ministers from Prime Minister HAMDOUK’s former cabinet who were appointed by former armed opposition groups that the military allowed to remain in their positions. The Sudanese Armed Forces have been embroiled in a fight with the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces since mid-April 2023.

During most of the second half of the 20th century, Sudan was embroiled in two prolonged civil wars rooted in northern economic, political, and social domination of the largely non-Muslim, non-Arab southern portion of the country. The first civil war ended in 1972, but another broke out in 1983. Peace talks gained momentum in 2002-04, and the final North/South Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), signed in January 2005, granted the southern rebels autonomy for six years followed by a referendum on independence for Southern Sudan. South Sudan became independent in July 2011, but Sudan and South Sudan have yet to fully implement security and economic agreements relating to the normalization of relations between the two countries.

In the 21st century, Sudan faced conflict in Darfur, Southern Kordofan, and Blue Nile starting in 2003, and between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces in 2023, sparking mass displacement.

 

" + "text": "

Long referred to as Nubia, modern-day Sudan was the site of the Kingdom of Kerma (ca. 2500-1500 B.C.) until it was absorbed into the New Kingdom of Egypt. By the 11th century B.C., the Kingdom of Kush gained independence from Egypt; it lasted in various forms until the middle of the 4th century A.D. After the fall of Kush, the Nubians formed three Christian kingdoms of Nobatia, Makuria, and Alodia, with the latter two enduring until around 1500. Between the 14th and 15th centuries, Arab nomads settled much of Sudan, leading to extensive Islamization between the 16th and 19th centuries. Following Egyptian occupation early in the 19th century, an agreement in 1899 set up a joint British-Egyptian government in Sudan, but it was effectively a British colony.

Military regimes favoring Islamic-oriented governments have dominated national politics since Sudan gained independence from Anglo-Egyptian co-rule in 1956. During most of the second half of the 20th century, Sudan was embroiled in two prolonged civil wars rooted in northern domination of the largely non-Muslim, non-Arab southern portion of the country. The first civil war ended in 1972, but another broke out in 1983. Peace talks gained momentum in 2002-04, and the final North/South Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005 granted the southern rebels autonomy for six years, followed by a referendum on independence for Southern Sudan. South Sudan became independent in 2011, but Sudan and South Sudan have yet to fully implement security and economic agreements to normalize relations between the two countries. Sudan has also faced conflict in Darfur, Southern Kordofan, and Blue Nile starting in 2003.

In 2019, after months of nationwide protests, the 30-year reign of President Omar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR ended when the military forced him out. Economist and former international civil servant Abdalla HAMDOUK al-Kinani was selected to serve as the prime minister of a transitional government as the country prepared for elections in 2022. In late 2021, however, the Sudanese military ousted HAMDOUK and his government and replaced civilian members of the Sovereign Council (Sudan’s collective Head of State) with individuals selected by the military. HAMDOUK was briefly reinstated but resigned in January 2022. General Abd-al-Fatah al-BURHAN Abd-al-Rahman, the Chair of Sudan’s Sovereign Council and Commander-in-Chief of the Sudanese Armed Forces, currently serves as de facto head of state and government. He presides over a Sovereign Council consisting of military leaders, former armed opposition group representatives, and military-appointed civilians. A cabinet of acting ministers handles day-to-day administration. 

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -1186,9 +1186,27 @@ "text": "other 14" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Port Sudan" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "4 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "2" + }, + "small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "3" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Al Khair Oil Terminal, Beshayer Oil Terminal, Port Sudan, Sawakin Harbor" } } }, diff --git a/africa/to.json b/africa/to.json index 36fa7cfc..77fde399 100644 --- a/africa/to.json +++ b/africa/to.json @@ -586,13 +586,13 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (91 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed, party-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms); party lists are required to contain equal numbers of men and women" + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (113 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed, party-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms); party lists are required to contain equal numbers of men and women" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 20 December 2018 (next election was to be held on 20 April 2024 but has been indefinitely postponed)" + "text": "last held on 29 April 2024 (next election April 2029)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UNIR 59, UFC 7, NET 3, MPDD 2, MRC 1, PDP 1, independent 18; composition - men 73, women 17, percent of women 18.9%" + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UNIR 108, ADDI 2, ANC 1, DMP 1, FDR 1 composition - NA" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -1200,12 +1200,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 1, container ship 10, general cargo 250, oil tanker 56, other 80" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Kpeme, Lome" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "2 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Lome (1,962,304) (2021)" + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "2" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Kpeme, Lome" } } }, diff --git a/africa/tp.json b/africa/tp.json index 185a79f1..b1f757fb 100644 --- a/africa/tp.json +++ b/africa/tp.json @@ -1123,9 +1123,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 15, oil tanker 4, other 6" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Sao Tome" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "2 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "0" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Santo Antonio, Sao Tome" } } }, diff --git a/africa/ts.json b/africa/ts.json index e34b52d6..5460e4d7 100644 --- a/africa/ts.json +++ b/africa/ts.json @@ -799,10 +799,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "21.9% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "24.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "3.2% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.4% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1193,9 +1193,27 @@ "text": "container ship 1, general cargo 8, oil tanker 1, other 62" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Bizerte, Gabes, Rades, Sfax, Skhira" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "16 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "3" + }, + "small": { + "text": "7" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "6" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "10" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Ashtart Oil Terminal, Banzart, Didon Terminal, Gabes, La Goulette, Menzel Bourguiba, Mersa Sfax, Sousse, Tazerka Oil Terminal, Tunis" } } }, diff --git a/africa/tz.json b/africa/tz.json index e813ce6f..164f3fe7 100644 --- a/africa/tz.json +++ b/africa/tz.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

Tanzania contains some of Africa’s most iconic national parks and famous paleoanthropological sites, and its diverse cultural heritage reflects the multiple ethnolinguistic groups that live in the country. Its long history of integration into trade networks spanning the Indian Ocean and the African interior led to the development of Swahili as a common language in much of east Africa and the introduction of Islam into the region. A number of independent coastal and island trading posts in what is now Tanzania came under Portuguese control after 1498 when they began to take control of much of the coast and Indian Ocean trade. By 1700, the Sultanate of Oman had become the dominant power in the region after ousting the Portuguese who were also facing a series of local uprisings. During the following hundred years, Zanzibar - an archipelago off the coast of Tanzania - became a hub of Indian Ocean trade, with Arab and Indian traders establishing and consolidating trade routes with communities in mainland Tanzania that contributed to the expansion of the slave trade. Zanzibar briefly become the capital of the Sultanate of Oman before it split into separate Omani and Zanzibar Sultanates in 1856. Beginning in the mid-1800s, European explorers, traders, and Christian missionaries became more active in the region. The Germans eventually established control over mainland Tanzania - which they called Tanganyika - and the British established control over Zanzibar. Tanganyika later came under British administration after the German defeat in World War I.

Tanganyika gained independence from Great Britain in 1961, and Zanzibar followed in 1963 as a constitutional monarchy. In Tanganyika, Julius NYERERE, a charismatic and idealistic socialist, established a one-party political system that centralized power and encouraged national self-reliance and rural development. In 1964, a popular uprising overthrew the Sultan in Zanzibar and either killed or expelled many of the Arabs and Indians who had dominated the isles for more than 200 years. Later that year, Tanganyika and Zanzibar combined to form the United Republic of Tanzania, but Zanzibar retained considerable autonomy. Their two ruling parties combined to form the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) party in 1977, which has won every presidential election to date. NYERERE handed over power to Ali Hassan MWINYI in 1985 and remained CCM chair until 1990. Tanzania held its first multi-party elections in 1995, but CCM candidates have continued to dominate politics. Political opposition in Zanzibar has led to four contentious elections since 1995, in which the ruling party claimed victory despite international observers' claims of voting irregularities. In 2001, 35 people in Zanzibar died when soldiers fired on protestors following the 2000 election. John MAGUFULI won the 2015 presidential election, and the CCM won a two-thirds majority in Parliament. He was reelected in 2020 and the CCM increased its majority in an election that was also critiqued by observers. MAGUFULI died in March 2021 while in office and was constitutionally succeeded by his vice president, Samia Suluhu HASSAN.

" + "text": "

Tanzania contains some of Africa’s most iconic national parks and famous paleoanthropological sites, and its diverse cultural heritage reflects the multiple ethnolinguistic groups that live in the country. Its long history of integration into trade networks spanning the Indian Ocean and the African interior led to the development of Swahili as a common language in much of east Africa and the introduction of Islam into the region. A number of independent coastal and island trading posts in what is now Tanzania came under Portuguese control after 1498 when they began to take control of much of the coast and Indian Ocean trade. By 1700, the Sultanate of Oman had become the dominant power in the region after ousting the Portuguese, who were also facing a series of local uprisings. During the next hundred years, Zanzibar -- an archipelago off the coast that is now part of Tanzania -- became a hub of Indian Ocean trade, with Arab and Indian traders establishing and consolidating trade routes with communities in mainland Tanzania that contributed to the expansion of the slave trade. Zanzibar briefly became the capital of the Sultanate of Oman before it split into separate Omani and Zanzibar Sultanates in 1856. Beginning in the mid-1800s, European explorers, traders, and Christian missionaries became more active in the region. The Germans eventually established control over mainland Tanzania -- which they called Tanganyika -- and the British established control over Zanzibar. Tanganyika came under British administration after the German defeat in World War I.

Tanganyika gained independence from Great Britain in 1961, and Zanzibar followed in 1963 as a constitutional monarchy. In Tanganyika, Julius NYERERE, a charismatic and idealistic socialist, established a one-party political system that centralized power and encouraged national self-reliance and rural development. In 1964, a popular uprising overthrew the Sultan in Zanzibar and either killed or expelled many of the Arabs and Indians who had dominated the isles for more than 200 years. Later that year, Tanganyika and Zanzibar combined to form the United Republic of Tanzania, but Zanzibar retained considerable autonomy. Their two ruling parties combined to form the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) party in 1977, which has since won every presidential election. Tanzania held its first multi-party elections in 1995, but CCM candidates have continued to dominate politics. The ruling party has claimed victory in four contentious elections since 1995, despite international observers' claims of voting irregularities. In 2001, 35 people died in Zanzibar when soldiers fired on protestors. John MAGUFULI won the 2015 and 2020 presidential elections, and the CCM won over two-thirds of the seats in Parliament in both elections. MAGUFULI died in 2021 while in office and was succeeded by his vice president, Samia Suluhu HASSAN.

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -848,10 +848,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "33.1% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "27.4% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "4.2% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1243,9 +1243,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 4, container ship 17, general cargo 170, oil tanker 58, other 132" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "8 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "3" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "4" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "4" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Chake Chake, Dar Es Salaam, Tanga, Zanzibar" } } }, diff --git a/africa/ug.json b/africa/ug.json index fffe7a20..f75252a4 100644 --- a/africa/ug.json +++ b/africa/ug.json @@ -810,10 +810,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "44.2% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "44.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "1% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.9% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1191,11 +1191,6 @@ }, "Waterways": { "text": "907 km (2022) (there are no long navigable stretches of river in Uganda; parts of the Albert Nile ( 210 km) that flow out of Lake Albert (160 km) in the northwestern part of the country are navigable; several lakes including Lake Victoria (337 km) and Lake Kyoga (199.5) have substantial traffic; Lake Albert is navigable along a 200-km stretch from its northern tip to its southern shores)" - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "lake port(s)": { - "text": "Entebbe, Jinja, Port Bell (Lake Victoria)" - } } }, "Military and Security": { diff --git a/africa/uv.json b/africa/uv.json index 139d575c..a618c82b 100644 --- a/africa/uv.json +++ b/africa/uv.json @@ -1207,7 +1207,7 @@ "note": "note: in 2022, government authorities announced a special recruitment for up to 6,000 additional soldiers and 1,500 gendarmes to assist with its fight against terrorist groups operating in the country; the government also put out a recruitment call for up to 100,000 VDP volunteers, and as of 2023 claimed about 50,000 had volunteered (the VDP's original recruited strength was 15,000)


" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the FABF has a mix of older, secondhand, and some modern equipment from a variety of suppliers, including China, France, Russia, South Africa, Turkey, the UK, and the US (2024)" + "text": "the FABF has a mix of older, secondhand, and some modern equipment from a variety of suppliers, including China, Egypt, France, Russia, South Africa, Turkey, the UK, and the US (2024)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-26 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women (2023)", diff --git a/africa/wa.json b/africa/wa.json index b5911f02..05501e48 100644 --- a/africa/wa.json +++ b/africa/wa.json @@ -1192,9 +1192,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 1, other 14" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Luderitz, Walvis Bay" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "2 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "2" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Luderitz Bay, Walvis Bay" } } }, diff --git a/africa/za.json b/africa/za.json index abce8d01..1d1d2f5f 100644 --- a/africa/za.json +++ b/africa/za.json @@ -1206,11 +1206,6 @@ "by type": { "text": "general cargo 1, oil tanker 1" } - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Mpulungu (Zambezi)" - } } }, "Military and Security": { diff --git a/africa/zi.json b/africa/zi.json index f6969481..28406cfc 100644 --- a/africa/zi.json +++ b/africa/zi.json @@ -1188,11 +1188,6 @@ }, "Waterways": { "text": "223 km (2022) some navigation possible on Lake Kariba (223 km)" - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Binga, Kariba (Zambezi)" - } } }, "Military and Security": { diff --git a/antarctica/ay.json b/antarctica/ay.json index 12608263..44cb1b1d 100644 --- a/antarctica/ay.json +++ b/antarctica/ay.json @@ -230,8 +230,28 @@ "Heliports": { "text": "5 (2024)" }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "text": "most coastal stations have sparse and intermittent offshore anchorages; a few stations have basic wharf facilities" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "8 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "7" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "0" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Admiralty Bay, Andersen Harbor, Ellefsen Harbor, Mcmurdo Station, Melchior Harbor, Port Foster, Port Lockroy, Scotia Bay" + } }, "Transportation - note": { "text": "US coastal stations include McMurdo (77 51 S, 166 40 E) and Palmer (64 43 S, 64 03 W); government use only; all ships are subject to inspection in accordance with Article 7 of the Antarctic Treaty; ships must comply with relevant legal instruments and authorization procedures under the Antarctic Treaty (see \"Legal System\"); The Hydrographic Commission on Antarctica (HCA), a commission of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), coordinates and facilitates provision of accurate and appropriate charts and other aids to navigation; membership in HCA is open to any IHO Member State whose government has acceded to the Antarctic Treaty and which contributes resources or data to IHO Chart coverage of the area" diff --git a/antarctica/bv.json b/antarctica/bv.json index 88c973d2..1609f58c 100644 --- a/antarctica/bv.json +++ b/antarctica/bv.json @@ -170,9 +170,6 @@ } }, "Transportation": { - "Ports and terminals": { - "text": "none; offshore anchorage only" - } }, "Military and Security": { "Military - note": { diff --git a/antarctica/fs.json b/antarctica/fs.json index c38ae061..10b45251 100644 --- a/antarctica/fs.json +++ b/antarctica/fs.json @@ -177,9 +177,6 @@ "by type": { "text": "other 2" } - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "text": "none; offshore anchorage only" } }, "Military and Security": { diff --git a/antarctica/hm.json b/antarctica/hm.json index 4a8df34b..be53e8dd 100644 --- a/antarctica/hm.json +++ b/antarctica/hm.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

American sailor John HEARD discovered Heard Island in 1853 and thought it was a glacier that had broken away from Antarctica. Fellow American William MCDONALD discovered the McDonald Islands the following year. Starting in 1855, sealers lived on the islands and harvested elephant seal oil; by the time the practice was ended in 1877, most of the islands’ seals were killed. The UK formally claimed the islands in 1910, and Australian explorer Douglas MAWSON visited Heard Island in 1929. In 1947, the UK transferred the islands to Australia for its Antarctica research, but Australia closed the research station on Heard Island in 1954 when it opened a new research station on the Antarctic continent. McDonald Island has been an active volcano since it emerged from dormancy in 1992, and the island doubled in size after an eruption in 1996. In 1997, the islands were named a UNESCO World Heritage site. Populated by a large number of bird species, seals, and penguins, the islands are primarily used for research, with limited fishing permitted in the surrounding waters.

 

" + "text": "

American sailor John HEARD discovered Heard Island in 1853 while fellow American William MCDONALD discovered the McDonald Islands the following year. Starting in 1855, sealers lived on the islands and harvested elephant seal oil; by the time the practice was ended in 1877, most of the islands’ seals were killed. The UK formally claimed the islands in 1910, and Australian explorer Douglas MAWSON visited Heard Island in 1929. In 1947, the UK transferred the islands to Australia for its Antarctica research, but Australia closed the research station on Heard Island in 1954 when it opened a new research station on the Antarctic continent. McDonald Island has been an active volcano since it emerged from dormancy in 1992, and the island doubled in size after an eruption in 1996. In 1997, the islands were named a UNESCO World Heritage site. Populated by a large number of bird species, seals, and penguins, the islands are primarily used for research, with limited fishing permitted in the surrounding waters.

 

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -150,9 +150,6 @@ "Transportation": { "Heliports": { "text": "2 (2024)" - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "text": "none; offshore anchorage only" } }, "Military and Security": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/aq.json b/australia-oceania/aq.json index 8f51d1d3..d842dc8e 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/aq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/aq.json @@ -823,9 +823,27 @@ "text": "241 km (2016)" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Pago Pago" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "1 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Pago Pago Harbor" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/as.json b/australia-oceania/as.json index 64bbd121..2b388d9c 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/as.json +++ b/australia-oceania/as.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

Aboriginal Australians arrived on the continent at least 60,000 years ago and developed complex hunter-gatherer societies and oral histories. Dutch navigators led by Abel TASMAN were the first Europeans to land in Australia in 1606, and they mapped the western and northern coasts. They named the continent New Holland but made no attempts to permanently settle it. In 1770, English captain James COOK sailed to the east coast of Australia, named it New South Wales, and claimed it for Great Britain. In 1788 and 1825 respectively, Great Britain established New South Wales and then Tasmania as penal colonies. Great Britain and Ireland sent more than 150,000 convicts to Australia before ending the practice in 1868. As Europeans began settling areas away from the coasts, they came into more direct contact with Aboriginal Australians. Europeans also cleared land for agriculture, impacting Aboriginal Australians’ ways of life. These issues, along with disease and a policy in the 1900s that forcefully removed Aboriginal children from their parents, reduced the Aboriginal Australian population from more than 700,000 pre-European contact to a low of 74,000 in 1933.

Four additional colonies were established in Australia in the mid-1800s: Western Australia (1829), South Australia (1836), Victoria (1851), and Queensland (1859). Gold rushes beginning in the 1850s brought thousands of new immigrants to New South Wales and Victoria, helping to reorient Australia away from its penal colony roots. In the second half of the 1800s, the colonies were all gradually granted self-government, and in 1901, they federated and became the Commonwealth of Australia. Australia contributed more than 400,000 troops to Allied efforts during World War I, and Australian troops played a large role in the defeat of Japanese troops in the Pacific in World War II. Australia severed most constitutional links with the UK in 1942 but remained part of the British Commonwealth. Australia’s post-war economy boomed and by the 1970s, racial policies that prevented most non-Whites from immigrating to Australia were removed, greatly increasing Asian immigration to the country. In recent decades, Australia has become an internationally competitive, advanced market economy due in large part to economic reforms adopted in the 1980s and its proximity to East and Southeast Asia. In 2021, Australia, the UK, and the US announced the AUKUS enhanced trilateral security partnership to maintain and expand the three countries’ edge in military capabilities and critical technologies.

In the early 2000s, Australian politics became unstable with frequent attempts to oust party leaders, including five changes of prime minister between 2010 and 2018. As a result, both major parties instituted rules to make it harder to remove a party leader.

" + "text": "

Aboriginal Australians arrived on the continent at least 60,000 years ago and developed complex hunter-gatherer societies and oral histories. Dutch navigators led by Abel TASMAN were the first Europeans to land in Australia in 1606, and they mapped the western and northern coasts. They named the continent New Holland but made no attempts to permanently settle it. In 1770, Englishman James COOK sailed to the east coast of Australia, named it New South Wales, and claimed it for Great Britain. In 1788 and 1825 respectively, Great Britain established New South Wales and then Tasmania as penal colonies. Great Britain and Ireland sent more than 150,000 convicts to Australia before ending the practice in 1868. As Europeans began settling areas away from the coasts, they came into more direct contact with Aboriginal Australians. Europeans also cleared land for agriculture, impacting Aboriginal Australians’ ways of life. These issues, along with disease and a policy in the 1900s that forcefully removed Aboriginal children from their parents, reduced the Aboriginal Australian population from more than 700,000 pre-European contact to a low of 74,000 in 1933.

Four additional colonies were established in Australia in the mid-1800s: Western Australia (1829), South Australia (1836), Victoria (1851), and Queensland (1859). Gold rushes beginning in the 1850s brought thousands of new immigrants to New South Wales and Victoria, helping to reorient Australia away from its penal colony roots. In the second half of the 1800s, the colonies were all gradually granted self-government, and in 1901, they federated and became the Commonwealth of Australia. Australia contributed more than 400,000 troops to Allied efforts during World War I, and Australian troops played a large role in the defeat of Japanese troops in the Pacific in World War II. Australia severed most constitutional links with the UK in 1942 but remained part of the British Commonwealth. Australia’s post-war economy boomed and by the 1970s, racial policies that prevented most non-Whites from immigrating to Australia were removed, greatly increasing Asian immigration to the country. In recent decades, Australia has become an internationally competitive, advanced market economy due in large part to economic reforms adopted in the 1980s and its proximity to East and Southeast Asia. 

In the early 2000s, Australian politics became unstable with frequent attempts to oust party leaders, including five changes of prime minister between 2010 and 2018. As a result, both major parties instituted rules to make it harder to remove a party leader.

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -820,10 +820,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "9.3% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "10% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "3.5% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1214,18 +1214,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 2, general cargo 76, oil tanker 6, other 520" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "
Indian Ocean: Adelaide, Darwin, Fremantle, Geelong, Melbourne
Pacific Ocean: Brisbane, Cairns, Gladstone, Hobart, Newcastle, Port Port Kembla, Sydney" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "66 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Melbourne (2,909,288), Sydney (2,761,648) (2021)" + "large": { + "text": "5" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (export)": { - "text": "Australia Pacific, Barrow Island, Burrup (Pluto), Curtis Island, Darwin, Karratha, Bladin Point (Ichthys), Gladstone, Prelude (offshore FLNG), Wheatstone" + "medium": { + "text": "8" }, - "dry bulk cargo port(s)": { - "text": "Dampier (iron ore), Dalrymple Bay (coal), Hay Point (coal), Port Hedland (iron ore), Port Walcott (iron ore)" + "small": { + "text": "24" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "29" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "38" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Brisbane, Dampier, Darwin, Fremantle, Geelong, Hobart, Melbourne, Newcastle, Port Adelaide, Port Dalrymple, Port Kembla, Port Lincoln, Sydney" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/at.json b/australia-oceania/at.json index d7e09c50..97f646bb 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/at.json +++ b/australia-oceania/at.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

Indonesian fishermen have long fished in the area around Ashmore Reef and Cartier Island. British explorers were the first Europeans to see Cartier Island and Ashmore Reef in 1800 and 1811, respectively. American whalers frequently sailed by the islands in the 1850s and later settled to mine the phosphate deposits on Ashmore Reef, which were exhausted by 1891. The UK disputed US access to Ashmore Reef and formally annexed it in 1878. Cartier Island was annexed in 1909. In 1931, the UK transferred the islands to Australia, which accepted them in 1934 as part of Western Australia. In 1938, Australia transferred governance to the Northern Territory. During World War II, the islands saw several Allied ship visits, and post-war, Cartier Island became a bombing range. In 1978, governance of Ashmore and Cartier Islands was moved to the federal government. Ashmore Reef and Cartier Island became marine reserves in 1983 and 2000 respectively.

In 1974, Australia and Indonesia signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to allow Indonesian fishermen to continue fishing around the islands. The MOU also allows Indonesian fishermen to visit the graves of past fishermen, replenish their fresh water, and shelter in the West Island Lagoon of Ashmore Reef. In the 1990s, Indonesia challenged Australia’s claim to the islands, which was settled in a maritime boundary treaty in 1997. The islands were a popular first point of contact for migrants and refugees seeking to enter Australia, so in 2001, Australia declared the islands to be outside the Australian migration zone.

" + "text": "

Indonesian fishermen have long fished in the area around Ashmore Reef and Cartier Island. British explorers were the first Europeans to see Cartier Island and Ashmore Reef in 1800 and 1811, respectively. American whalers frequently sailed by the islands in the 1850s and later settled to mine the phosphate deposits on Ashmore Reef, which were exhausted by 1891. The UK disputed US access to Ashmore Reef and formally annexed it in 1878. Cartier Island was annexed in 1909. In 1931, the UK transferred the islands to Australia, which accepted them in 1934 as part of Western Australia. In 1938, Australia transferred governance to the Northern Territory. During World War II, Cartier Island was used as a bombing range. In 1978, governance of Ashmore and Cartier Islands was moved to the federal government. Ashmore Reef and Cartier Island became marine reserves in 1983 and 2000 respectively.

In 1974, Australia and Indonesia signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to allow Indonesian fishermen to continue fishing around the islands. The MOU also allows Indonesian fishermen to visit the graves of past fishermen, replenish their fresh water, and shelter in the West Island Lagoon of Ashmore Reef. In the 1990s, Indonesia challenged Australia’s claim to the islands, which was settled in a maritime boundary treaty in 1997. The islands were a popular first point of contact for migrants and refugees seeking to enter Australia, so in 2001, Australia declared the islands to be outside the Australian migration zone.

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -138,13 +138,10 @@ "Economy": { }, "Transportation": { - "Ports and terminals": { - "text": "none; offshore anchorage only" - } }, "Military and Security": { "Military - note": { - "text": "defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force" + "text": "defense is the responsibility of Australia" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/bp.json b/australia-oceania/bp.json index 40e524ec..cb422ec4 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/bp.json +++ b/australia-oceania/bp.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

Settlers from Papua arrived on Solomon Islands around 30,000 years ago. About 6,000 years ago, Austronesian settlers came to Solomon Islands and the two groups mixed extensively. Despite significant inter-island trade, no attempts were made to unite the islands into a single political entity. In 1568, Spanish explorer Alvaro de MENDANA became the first European to spot the islands. After a failed Spanish attempt at creating a permanent European settlement on the islands in the late 1500s, Solomon Islands remained free of European contact until 1767 when British explorer Philip CARTERET sailed by the islands. The islands were regularly visited by European explorers and American and British whaling ships into the 1800s, followed by missionaries in the 1840s-50s.

Germany declared a protectorate over the northern Solomon Islands in 1885, and the UK established a protectorate over the southern islands in 1893. In 1899, Germany transferred its Solomon Islands to the UK in exchange for the UK relinquishing all claims in Samoa. The UK tried to encourage plantation farming, but few Europeans were willing to go to Solomon Islands and the UK left most services - such as education and medical services - to missionaries. In 1942, Japan invaded Solomon Islands and significant battles against Allied forces during the Guadalcanal Campaign proved a turning point in the Pacific war. World War II destroyed large parts of Solomon Islands and a nationalism movement emerged near the end of the war. By 1960, the British relented to allow for some local autonomy. The islands were granted self-government in 1976 and independence two years later under Prime Minister Sir Peter KENILOREA.

In 1999, longstanding ethnic tensions between ethnic Guale in Honiara and ethnic Malaitans in Honiara’s suburbs erupted in civil war, leading thousands of Malaitans to take refuge in Honiara and Guale to flee the city. In 2000, newly-elected Prime Minister Manasseh SOGAVARE focused on peace agreements and distributing resources equally among groups, but his actions bankrupted the government in 2001 and led to SOGAVARE’s ouster. In 2003, Solomon Islands requested international assistance to reestablish law and order. The Australian-led Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands, which ended in 2017, was generally effective in improving the security situation. In 2006, riots broke out in Honiara and the city’s Chinatown burned over allegations that the prime minister took money from China. SOGAVARE was reelected prime minister for a fourth time following elections in 2019 and that same year announced Solomon Islands would switch diplomatic recognition from Taiwan to China. When a small group of protestors, mostly from the island of Malaita, approached parliament to lodge a petition calling for SOGAVARE’s removal and more development in Malaita in November 2021, police fired tear gas into the crowd which sparked rioting and looting in Honiara. 

" + "text": "

Settlers from Papua arrived on the Solomon Islands around 30,000 years ago. About 6,000 years ago, Austronesian settlers came to the islands, and the two groups mixed extensively. Despite significant inter-island trade, no attempts were made to unite the islands into a single political entity. In 1568, Spanish explorer Alvaro de MENDANA became the first European to spot the islands. After a failed Spanish attempt at creating a permanent European settlement in the late 1500s, the Solomon Islands remained free of European contact until British explorer Philip CARTERET arrived in 1767. European explorers and US and British whaling ships regularly visited the islands into the 1800s, followed by missionaries in the 1840s and 1850s.

Germany declared a protectorate over the northern Solomon Islands in 1885, and the UK established a protectorate over the southern islands in 1893. In 1899, Germany transferred its islands to the UK in exchange for the UK relinquishing all claims in Samoa. The UK tried to encourage plantation farming, but few Europeans were willing to go to the Solomon Islands, and the UK left most services -- such as education and medical services -- to missionaries. In 1942, Japan invaded the islands, and significant battles against Allied forces during the Guadalcanal Campaign proved a turning point in the Pacific war. World War II destroyed large parts of the Solomon Islands, and a nationalist movement emerged near the end of the war. By 1960, the British allowed some local autonomy. The islands were granted self-government in 1976 and independence two years later under Prime Minister Sir Peter KENILOREA.

In 1999, longstanding tensions between ethnic Guale in Honiara and ethnic Malaitans in Honiara’s suburbs erupted in civil war, leading thousands of Malaitans to take refuge in Honiara and prompting Guale to flee the city. In 2000, newly elected Prime Minister Manasseh SOGAVARE focused on peace agreements and distributing resources equally among groups, but his actions bankrupted the government in 2001 and led to his ouster. In 2003, the Solomon Islands requested international assistance to reestablish law and order; the Australian-led Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands, which ended in 2017, improved the security situation. In 2006, however, riots broke out in Honiara, and the city’s Chinatown was burned amid allegations that the prime minister took money from China. SOGAVARE was reelected prime minister for a fourth time in 2019 and then announced that the Solomon Islands would switch diplomatic recognition from Taiwan to China. When a small group of protestors, mostly from the island of Malaita, approached parliament to lodge a petition calling for SOGAVARE’s removal and more development in Malaita in 2021, police fired tear gas into the crowd which sparked rioting and looting in Honiara. 

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -497,16 +497,13 @@ "text": "King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor General David VUNAGI (since 8 July 2019)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Manasseh SOGAVARE (since 24 April 2019)" + "text": "Prime Minister Jeremiah MANELE (since 2 May 2024)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister" }, "elections/appointments": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the National Parliament for up to 5 years (eligible for a second term); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by the National Parliament; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister from among members of the National Parliament" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "Manasseh SOGAVARE (OUR Party) elected prime minister on 24 April 2019" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -1088,9 +1085,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 8, oil tanker 1, other 16" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Honiara, Malloco Bay, Viru Harbor, Tulagi" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "6 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "4" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Gizo Harbor, Honiara, Port Noro, Ringgi Cove, Tulaghi, Yandina" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/ck.json b/australia-oceania/ck.json index 2b9128d9..5327fc29 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ck.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ck.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

British Captain William KEELING discovered the Cocos (Keeling) Islands in 1609, and they were named for their coconut trees in 1622. Some maps began referring to them as the Keeling Islands in 1703. In 1825, Scottish trader John CLUNIES-ROSS was trying to get to Christmas Island but was blown off-course and landed on Cocos (Keeling) Islands. The next year, a British trader hired CLUNIES-ROSS's brother to bring slaves and a harem of Malay women to create the first permanent settlement on the island. By the 1830s, the Clunies-Ross family had firmly established themselves as the leaders of the islands, and they ruled Cocos (Keeling) Islands in a feudal style until 1978.

The UK annexed the islands in 1857 and administered them from Ceylon after 1878 and from Singapore after 1886. The Cocos (Keeling) Islands hosted a cable relaying station and was attacked by the Germans in World War I. The Japanese similarly attacked the islands in World War II. The UK transferred the islands to Australia in 1955, when they were officially named the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and in 1978, Australia bought all the land held by the Clunies-Ross family, ending their control of the islands. In a referendum in 1984, most islanders voted to integrate with Australia, and Western Australian laws have applied on the islands since 1992.

 

" + "text": "

British sea captain William KEELING discovered the Cocos (Keeling) Islands in 1609, and they were named for their coconut trees in 1622. Some maps began referring to them as the Keeling Islands in 1703. In 1825, Scottish trader John CLUNIES-ROSS was trying to get to Christmas Island but was blown off course and landed on Cocos (Keeling) Islands. The next year, a British trader hired CLUNIES-ROSS's brother to bring slaves and a harem of Malay women to create the first permanent settlement on the island. By the 1830s, the Clunies-Ross family had firmly established themselves as the leaders of the islands, and they ruled Cocos (Keeling) Islands in a feudal style until 1978.

The UK annexed the islands in 1857 and administered them from Ceylon after 1878 and from Singapore after 1886. The Cocos (Keeling) Islands hosted a cable relaying station and was attacked by the Germans in World War I. The Japanese similarly attacked the islands in World War II. The UK transferred the islands to Australia in 1955, when they were officially named the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and in 1978, Australia bought all the land held by the Clunies-Ross family, ending their control of the islands. In a referendum in 1984, most islanders voted to integrate with Australia, and Western Australian laws have applied on the islands since 1992.

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -370,11 +370,6 @@ "unpaved": { "text": "12 km (2007)" } - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Port Refuge" - } } }, "Military and Security": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/cq.json b/australia-oceania/cq.json index 9729dacf..e2ab80c5 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/cq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/cq.json @@ -776,9 +776,27 @@ "text": "536 km (2008)" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Saipan, Tinian, Rota" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "3 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Rota, Saipan, Tinian" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/cr.json b/australia-oceania/cr.json index b7239c78..e91f33e8 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/cr.json +++ b/australia-oceania/cr.json @@ -142,9 +142,6 @@ } }, "Transportation": { - "Ports and terminals": { - "text": "none; offshore anchorage only" - } }, "Military and Security": { "Military - note": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/cw.json b/australia-oceania/cw.json index dbd02468..94edd985 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/cw.json +++ b/australia-oceania/cw.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Polynesians from Tahiti were probably the first people to settle Rarotonga -- the largest of the Cook Islands -- around A.D. 900. Over time, Samoans and Tongans also settled in Rarotonga, and Rarotongans voyaged to the northern Cook Islands, settling Manihiki and Rakahanga. Pukapuka and Penrhyn in the northern Cook Islands were settled directly from Samoa. Prior to European contact, there was considerable travel and trade between inhabitants of the different islands and atolls, but they were not united in a single political entity. Spanish navigators were the first Europeans to spot the northern Cook Islands in 1595, followed by the first landing in 1606, but no further European contact occurred until the 1760s. In 1773, British explorer James COOK spotted Manuae in the southern Cook Islands, and Russian mapmakers named the islands after COOK in the 1820s. English missionary activity during the 1820s and 1830s converted most of the population to Christianity.

Fearing France would militarily occupy the islands as it did in Tahiti, Rarotongans asked the UK for protectorate status in the 1840s and 1860s, a request the UK ignored. In 1888, Queen MAKEA TAKAU of Rarotonga formally petitioned for protectorate status, to which the UK reluctantly agreed. In 1901, the UK placed Rarotonga and the rest of the islands in the New Zealand Colony, and in 1915, the Cook Islands Act organized the islands into one political entity. It remained a protectorate until 1965, when New Zealand granted the Cook Islands self-governing status. The Cook Islands has a great deal of local autonomy and is an independent member of international organizations, but it is in free association with New Zealand, which is responsible for its defense and foreign affairs. In September 2023, the US recognized the Cook Islands as a sovereign and independent state." + "text": "Polynesians from Tahiti were probably the first people to settle Rarotonga -- the largest of the Cook Islands -- around A.D. 900. Over time, Samoans and Tongans also settled in Rarotonga, and Rarotongans voyaged to the northern Cook Islands, settling Manihiki and Rakahanga. Pukapuka and Penrhyn in the northern Cook Islands were settled directly from Samoa. Prior to European contact, there was considerable travel and trade between inhabitants of the different islands and atolls, but they were not united in a single political entity. Spanish navigators were the first Europeans to spot the northern Cook Islands in 1595, followed by the first landing in 1606, but no further European contact occurred until the 1760s. In 1773, British explorer James COOK spotted Manuae in the southern Cook Islands, and Russian mapmakers named the islands after COOK in the 1820s. 

Fearing France would militarily occupy the islands as it did in Tahiti, Rarotongans asked the UK for protectorate status in the 1840s and 1860s, a request the UK ignored. In 1888, Queen MAKEA TAKAU of Rarotonga formally petitioned for protectorate status, to which the UK reluctantly agreed. In 1901, the UK placed Rarotonga and the rest of the islands in the New Zealand Colony, and in 1915, the Cook Islands Act organized the islands into one political entity. It remained a protectorate until 1965, when New Zealand granted the Cook Islands self-governing status. The Cook Islands has a great deal of local autonomy and is an independent member of international organizations, but it is in free association with New Zealand, which is responsible for its defense and foreign affairs. In September 2023, the US recognized the Cook Islands as a sovereign and independent state." } }, "Geography": { @@ -871,8 +871,26 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 19, general cargo 44, oil tanker 58, other 69" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "1 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { "text": "Avatiu" } } diff --git a/australia-oceania/fj.json b/australia-oceania/fj.json index 091dd929..68f0346c 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fj.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fj.json @@ -1142,9 +1142,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 21, oil tanker 4, other 49" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Lautoka, Levuka, Suva" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "5 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "3" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "4" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Lautoka Harbor, Levuka, Malai, Savusavu Bay, Suva Harbor" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/fm.json b/australia-oceania/fm.json index f3dfd7eb..536578db 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fm.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fm.json @@ -969,9 +969,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 17, oil tanker 4, other 17" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Colonia (Tamil Harbor), Molsron Lele Harbor, Pohnepi Harbor" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "4 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "3" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "3" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Colonia, Lele Harbor, Moen, Pohnpei Harbor" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/fp.json b/australia-oceania/fp.json index 6df1f487..9b29bf65 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fp.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fp.json @@ -945,9 +945,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 14" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Papeete" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "6 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "5" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Atuona, Baie Taiohae, Papeete, Port Rikitea, Uturoa, Vaitape" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/gq.json b/australia-oceania/gq.json index 32d7d341..e8a22e11 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/gq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/gq.json @@ -608,6 +608,14 @@ "Population below poverty line": { "text": "23% (2001 est.)" }, + "Average household expenditures": { + "on food": { + "text": "34.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" + }, + "on alcohol and tobacco": { + "text": "1.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" + } + }, "Budget": { "revenues": { "text": "$1.24 billion (2016 est.)" @@ -883,8 +891,26 @@ "text": "other 3" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "1 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { "text": "Apra Harbor" } } diff --git a/australia-oceania/kr.json b/australia-oceania/kr.json index 0c1b592b..1f615abc 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/kr.json +++ b/australia-oceania/kr.json @@ -1061,9 +1061,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 2, general cargo 24, oil tanker 11, other 37" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Betio (Tarawa Atoll), Canton Island, English Harbor" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "3 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "3" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "0" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Canton Island, English Harbor, Tarawa Atoll" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/kt.json b/australia-oceania/kt.json index 0f100f6f..cbc21390 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/kt.json +++ b/australia-oceania/kt.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

Although Europeans sighted Christmas Island as early as 1615, it was only named in 1643 by English Captain William MYNORS for the day of its rediscovery. Another English ship sailed past the island in 1688 and found it to be uninhabited. Steep cliffs and dense jungle hampered attempts to explore the island over the next two centuries. The discovery of phosphate on the island in 1887 led to the UK annexing it the following year. In 1898, the Christmas Island Phosphate Company brought in 200 Chinese indentured servants to work the mines, along with Malays, Sikhs, and a small number of Europeans. The UK administered Christmas Island from Singapore.

Japan invaded the island in 1942, but islanders sabotaged Japanese mining operations, making the mines relatively unproductive. After World War II, Australia and New Zealand bought the Christmas Island Phosphate Company, and in 1958, the UK transferred sovereignty from Singapore to Australia in exchange for $20 million to compensate for the loss of future phosphate income. In 1980, Australia set up the Christmas Island National Park and expanded its boundaries throughout the 1980s until it covered more than 60% of the island’s territory. The phosphate mine was closed in 1987 because of environmental concerns, and Australia has rejected several efforts to reopen it.

In the 1980s, boats of asylum seekers started landing on Christmas Island, and the migrants claimed refugee status because they were on Australian territory. In 2001, Australia declared Christmas Island to be outside the Australian migration zone and built an immigration detention center on the island. Completed in 2008, the controversial detention center was closed in 2018 but then reopened in 2019. In 2020, the center served as a coronavirus quarantine facility for Australian citizens evacuated from China.

" + "text": "

Although Europeans sighted Christmas Island in 1615, it was named for the day of its rediscovery in 1643. Steep cliffs and dense jungle hampered attempts to explore the island over the next two centuries. The discovery of phosphate on the island in 1887 led to the UK annexing it the following year. In 1898, 200 Chinese indentured servants were brought in to work the mines, along with Malays, Sikhs, and a small number of Europeans. The UK administered Christmas Island from Singapore.

Japan invaded the island in 1942, but islanders sabotaged Japanese mining operations, making the mines relatively unproductive. After World War II, Australia and New Zealand bought the company mining the phosphate, and in 1958, the UK transferred sovereignty from Singapore to Australia in exchange for $20 million to compensate for the loss of future phosphate income. In 1980, Australia set up the Christmas Island National Park and expanded its boundaries throughout the 1980s until it covered more than 60% of the island’s territory. The phosphate mine was closed in 1987 because of environmental concerns, and Australia has rejected several efforts to reopen it.

In the 1980s, boats of asylum seekers started landing on Christmas Island, and the migrants claimed refugee status because they were on Australian territory. In 2001, Australia declared Christmas Island to be outside the Australian migration zone and built an immigration detention center on the island. Completed in 2008, the controversial detention center was closed in 2018 but then reopened in 2019. In 2020, the center served as a coronavirus quarantine facility for Australian citizens evacuated from China.

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -374,8 +374,26 @@ "text": "110 km (2011)" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "1 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "0" + }, + "key ports": { "text": "Flying Fish Cove" } } diff --git a/australia-oceania/nc.json b/australia-oceania/nc.json index 40bffd55..a335a471 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nc.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nc.json @@ -946,9 +946,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 5, oil tanker 1, other 17" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Noumea" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "3 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Baie De Kouaoua, Baie Ugue, Noumea" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/ne.json b/australia-oceania/ne.json index 13abb149..4d39acb1 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ne.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ne.json @@ -662,8 +662,26 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 5, container ship 2, general cargo 29, oil tanker 4, other 30" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "1 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "0" + }, + "key ports": { "text": "Alofi" } } diff --git a/australia-oceania/nf.json b/australia-oceania/nf.json index 7227da9d..d326e323 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nf.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nf.json @@ -386,8 +386,26 @@ "text": "27 km (2008)" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "1 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { "text": "Kingston" } } diff --git a/australia-oceania/nh.json b/australia-oceania/nh.json index e6b60cc4..7a0b1308 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nh.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nh.json @@ -1088,9 +1088,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 11, container ship 3, general cargo 101, other 223" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Forari Bay, Luganville (Santo, Espiritu Santo), Port-Vila" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "3 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "2" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Forari Bay, Luganville, Port Vila" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/nr.json b/australia-oceania/nr.json index 81452592..124159ff 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nr.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nr.json @@ -990,8 +990,26 @@ "text": "other 6" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "1 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { "text": "Nauru" } } diff --git a/australia-oceania/nz.json b/australia-oceania/nz.json index 2b047d83..a551db18 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nz.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nz.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

Polynesians settled New Zealand between the late 1200s and the mid-1300s. They called the land Aotearoa, which legend holds is the name of the canoe that Kupe, the first Polynesian in New Zealand, used to sail to the country; the name Aotearoa is now in widespread use as the local Maori name for the country. By the 1500s, competition for land and resources led to intermittent fighting between different Maori tribes as large game became extinct. Dutch explorer Abel TASMAN was the first European to see the islands in 1642 but left after an encounter with local Maori. British Captain James COOK arrived in 1769, followed by whalers, sealers, and traders. The UK only nominally claimed New Zealand and included it as part of New South Wales in Australia. Concerns about increasing lawlessness led the UK to appoint its first British Resident in New Zealand in 1832, although he had few legal powers. In 1835, some Maori tribes from the North Island declared independence. Fearing an impending French settlement and takeover, the majority of Maori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi with the British in 1840. Land tenure issues stemming from the treaty are still being actively negotiated in New Zealand.

The UK declared New Zealand a separate colony in 1841 and granted limited self-government in 1852. Different traditions of authority and land use led to a series of wars between Europeans and various Maori tribes from the 1840s to the 1870s. Along with disease, these conflicts halved the Maori population. In the 1890s, New Zealand initially expressed interest in joining independence talks with Australia but ultimately opted against it and changed its status to an independent dominion in 1907. New Zealand provided more than 100,000 troops during each World War, many of whom fought as part of the Australia and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC). New Zealand reaffirmed its independence in 1947, signed the Australia, New Zealand, and US (ANZUS) Treaty in 1951, and then militarily supported the US in the Korean and Vietnam Wars. Beginning in 1984, New Zealand began to adopt nuclear-free policies, contributing to a dispute with the US over naval ship visits that led the US to suspend its defense obligations to New Zealand in 1986.

In recent years, New Zealand has explored reducing some of its ties to the UK. There in an active, minority movement to change New Zealand to a republic, and in 2015-16, a referendum on changing the New Zealand flag to remove the Union Jack failed, 57% to 43%.

" + "text": "

Polynesians settled New Zealand between the late 1200s and the mid-1300s. They called the land Aotearoa, which legend holds is the name of the canoe that Kupe, the first Polynesian in New Zealand, used to sail to the country; the name Aotearoa is now in widespread use as the local Maori name for the country. By the 1500s, competition for land and resources led to intermittent fighting between different Maori tribes as large game became extinct. Dutch explorer Abel TASMAN was the first European to see the islands in 1642 but left after an encounter with local Maori. British sea captain James COOK arrived in 1769, followed by whalers, sealers, and traders. The UK only nominally claimed New Zealand and included it as part of New South Wales in Australia. Concerns about increasing lawlessness led the UK to appoint its first British Resident in New Zealand in 1832, although he had few legal powers. In 1835, some Maori tribes from the North Island declared independence. Fearing an impending French settlement and takeover, the majority of Maori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi with the British in 1840. Land tenure issues stemming from the treaty are still being actively negotiated in New Zealand.

The UK declared New Zealand a separate colony in 1841 and granted limited self-government in 1852. Different traditions of authority and land use led to a series of wars between Europeans and various Maori tribes from the 1840s to the 1870s. Along with disease, these conflicts halved the Maori population. In the 1890s, New Zealand initially expressed interest in joining independence talks with Australia but ultimately opted against it and changed its status to an independent dominion in 1907. New Zealand provided more than 100,000 troops during each World War, many of whom fought as part of the Australia and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC). New Zealand reaffirmed its independence in 1947 and signed the Australia, New Zealand, and US (ANZUS) Treaty in 1951. Beginning in 1984, New Zealand began to adopt nuclear-free policies, contributing to a dispute with the US over naval ship visits that led the US to suspend its defense obligations to New Zealand in 1986.

In recent years, New Zealand has explored reducing some of its ties to the UK. There in an active, minority movement to change New Zealand to a republic, and in 2015-16, a referendum on changing the New Zealand flag to remove the Union Jack failed, 57% to 43%.

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -790,10 +790,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "13.4% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "12.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "4.8% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "5.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Remittances": { @@ -1166,9 +1166,27 @@ "text": "container ship 2, general cargo 12, oil tanker 3, other 100" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Auckland, Lyttelton, Manukau Harbor, Marsden Point, Tauranga, Wellington" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "22 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "2" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "10" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "9" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "14" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Auckland, Bluff Harbor, Gisborne, Manukau Harbor, Napier, Nelson, New Plymouth, Otago Harbor, Picton, Tauranga, Timaru, Wellington, Whangarei" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/pc.json b/australia-oceania/pc.json index 0239b6ed..078b1710 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/pc.json +++ b/australia-oceania/pc.json @@ -344,11 +344,6 @@ } }, "Transportation": { - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Adamstown (on Bounty Bay)" - } - } }, "Military and Security": { "Military - note": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/ps.json b/australia-oceania/ps.json index 7a7f1e63..298ad624 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ps.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ps.json @@ -908,9 +908,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 49, container ship 8, general cargo 200, oil tanker 52, other 118" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Koror" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "1 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Malakal Harbor" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/rm.json b/australia-oceania/rm.json index 05fb6a97..120319c2 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/rm.json +++ b/australia-oceania/rm.json @@ -955,9 +955,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 1,939 container ship 277, general cargo 66, oil tanker 1039, other 859" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Enitwetak Island, Kwajalein, Majuro" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "3 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "3" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "2" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Enitwetak Island, Kwajalein, Majuro Atoll" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/tl.json b/australia-oceania/tl.json index 9cdf049d..45bd86df 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tl.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tl.json @@ -499,9 +499,6 @@ "total": { "text": "10 km (2019)" } - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "text": "none; offshore anchorage only" } }, "Military and Security": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/tn.json b/australia-oceania/tn.json index 180f7023..20c70884 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tn.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tn.json @@ -1098,9 +1098,27 @@ "text": "container ship 1, general cargo 13, oil tanker 1, other 14" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Nuku'alofa, Neiafu, Pangai" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "3 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "3" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "0" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Neiafu, Nuku Alofa, Pangai" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/tv.json b/australia-oceania/tv.json index 3a746943..02086239 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tv.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tv.json @@ -941,9 +941,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 21, container ship 3, general cargo 29, oil tanker 19, other 198" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Funafuti" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "1 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Funafuti Atoll" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/um.json b/australia-oceania/um.json index d141ab2b..82f15075 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/um.json +++ b/australia-oceania/um.json @@ -122,11 +122,6 @@ "Transportation": { "Airports": { "text": "2 (2024)" - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands, and Kingman Reef" - } } }, "Military and Security": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/wf.json b/australia-oceania/wf.json index 25a98cbf..787137f7 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/wf.json +++ b/australia-oceania/wf.json @@ -618,9 +618,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 1" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Leava, Mata-Utu" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "1 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "0" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Mata-Utu" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/wq.json b/australia-oceania/wq.json index 102dddcc..b5b8393f 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/wq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/wq.json @@ -241,8 +241,28 @@ "Airports": { "text": "1 (2024)" }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "text": "none; two offshore anchorages for large ships" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "1 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Wake Island" + } }, "Transportation - note": { "text": "there are no commercial or civilian flights to and from Wake Island, except in direct support of island missions; emergency landing is available" diff --git a/australia-oceania/ws.json b/australia-oceania/ws.json index c6603ca4..4a677a4e 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ws.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ws.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "The first Austronesian settlers arrived in Samoa around 1000 B.C., and early Samoans traded and intermarried with Fijian and Tongan nobility. The fa’amatai system of titles and nobility developed, which dominates Samoan politics to this day; all but two seats in the legislature are reserved for matai, or heads of families. Dutch explorer Jacob ROGGEVEEN was the first European to spot the islands in 1722. Christian missionaries arrived in the 1830s and converted most of the population. In the 1850s, Apia became a center for Pacific trading and hosted an American commercial agent and British and German consuls. In 1892, American traders convinced the Samoan king to place his country to the east of the International Date Line to align with the US.

After the Samoan king died in 1841, rival families competed for his titles, devolving into civil war in 1886 with factions getting support from either Germany, the UK, or the US. All three countries sent warships to Apia in 1889, presaging a larger war, but a cyclone destroyed the ships and Malietoa LAUPEPA was installed as king. Upon LAUPEPA’s death in 1898, a second civil war over succession broke out. When the war ended in 1899, the Western powers abolished the monarchy, giving the western Samoan islands to Germany and the eastern Samoan islands to the US. The UK abandoned claims in Samoa and received former German territory in the Solomon Islands.

The Mau, a non-violent popular movement to advocate for Samoan independence, formed in 1908. New Zealand annexed Samoa in 1914 after the outbreak of World War I. Opposition to New Zealand’s rule quickly grew. In 1918, a New Zealand ship introduced the Spanish flu, infecting 90% of the population and killing more than 20%. In 1929, New Zealand police shot into a crowd of peaceful protestors, killing 11, in an event known as Black Sunday. In 1962, Samoa became the first Polynesian nation to reestablish its independence as Western Samoa but dropped the “Western” from its name in 1997. The Human Rights Protection Party dominated politics from 1982 until current Prime Minister FIAME Naomi Mata'afa's Fa'atuatua i le Atua Samoa ua Tasi (FAST) party gained a majority in elections in 2021.

In the late 2000s, Samoa began making efforts to align more closely with Australia and New Zealand. In 2009, Samoa changed its driving orientation to the left side of the road, in line with other Commonwealth countries. In 2011, Samoa jumped forward one day -- skipping December 30 -- by moving back to the west side of the International Date Line, putting the country one hour ahead of New Zealand and three hours ahead of the east coast of Australia, rather than 23 and 21 hours behind, respectively." + "text": "The first Austronesian settlers arrived in Samoa around 1000 B.C., and early Samoans traded and intermarried with Fijian and Tongan nobility. The fa’amatai system of titles and nobility developed, which dominates Samoan politics to this day; all but two seats in the legislature are reserved for matai, or heads of families. A Dutch explorer was the first European to spot the islands in 1722. Christian missionaries arrived in the 1830s and were followed by an influx of American and European settlers and influence. By the 1880s, Germany, the UK, and the US had trading posts and claimed parts of the kingdom. In 1886, an eight-year civil war broke out, with rival matai factions fighting over royal succession and the three foreign powers providing support to the factions. Germany, the UK, and the US all sent warships to Apia in 1889 and came close to conflict, but a cyclone damaged or destroyed the ships of all three navies.  

At the end of the civil war in 1894, Malietoa LAUPEPA was installed as king, but upon his death in 1898, a second civil war over succession broke out. When the war ended in 1899, the Western powers abolished the monarchy, giving the western Samoan islands to Germany and the eastern Samoan islands to the US. The UK abandoned claims in Samoa and received former German territory in the Solomon Islands. 

New Zealand occupied Samoa during World War I but was accused of negligence and opposed by many Samoans, particularly an organized political movement called the Mau (“Strongly Held View”) that advocated for independence. During the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic, about 20% of the population died. In 1929, New Zealand police shot into a crowd of peaceful Mau protestors, killing 11, in an event known as Black Sunday. In 1962, Samoa became the first Polynesian nation to reestablish its independence as Western Samoa but dropped the “Western” from its name in 1997. The Human Rights Protection Party dominated politics from 1982 until Prime Minister FIAME Naomi Mata'afa's Fa'atuatua i le Atua Samoa ua Tasi (FAST) party gained a majority in elections in 2021." } }, "Geography": { @@ -1096,8 +1096,26 @@ "text": "general cargo 3, oil tanker 1, other 9" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "1 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { "text": "Apia" } } diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json index 8ccbcb9a..54536f95 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json @@ -955,24 +955,36 @@ "text": "other 1" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Barcadera, Oranjestad" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "2 (2024)" }, - "oil terminal(s)": { - "text": "Sint Nicolaas" + "large": { + "text": "0" }, - "cruise port(s)": { - "text": "Oranjestad" + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Paardenbaai (Oranjestad), Sint Nicolaas Baai" } } }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "no regular military forces; Aruban Militia (ARUMIL); Police Department for local law enforcement, supported by the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee (Gendarmerie), the Dutch Caribbean Police Force (Korps Politie Caribisch Nederland, KPCN), and the Dutch Caribbean Coast Guard (DCCG or Kustwacht Caribisch Gebied (KWCARIB))" + "text": "no regular military forces; Aruban Militia (ARUMIL); Police Department for local law enforcement, supported by the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee (Gendarmerie), the Dutch Caribbean Police Force (Korps Politie Caribisch Nederland, KPCN), and the Dutch Caribbean Coast Guard (DCCG or Kustwacht Caribisch Gebied (KWCARIB)) (2024)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "defense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; the Aruba security services focus on organized crime and terrorism; the Dutch Government controls foreign and defense policy; the Dutch Caribbean Coast Guard (DCCG) provides maritime security; the Dutch military maintains a presence on Aruba, including a marine company and a naval base (2023)" + "text": "defense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; the Aruba security services focus on organized crime and terrorism; the Dutch Government controls foreign and defense policy; the Dutch Caribbean Coast Guard (DCCG) provides maritime security; the Dutch military maintains a presence on Aruba, including a marine company and a naval base (2024)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json index 65911492..d2faef9c 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json @@ -1020,11 +1020,26 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 24, container ship 109, general cargo 425, oil tanker 6, other 50" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Saint John's" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "1 (2024)" }, - "cruise port(s)": { + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { "text": "St. John's" } } diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json index 8541e40e..6ade26a6 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json @@ -701,11 +701,6 @@ "by type": { "text": "other 2" } - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Blowing Point, Road Bay" - } } }, "Military and Security": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json index 1514152d..b204a9a4 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json @@ -1082,8 +1082,26 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 90, general cargo 149, oil tanker 5, other 28" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "1 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { "text": "Bridgetown" } } diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json index 3a8534f8..d7569dee 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json @@ -1048,15 +1048,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 345, container ship 39, general cargo 58, oil tanker 193, other 639" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Freeport, Nassau, South Riding Point" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "6 (2024)" }, - "cruise port(s)": { - "text": "Freeport, Half Moon Cay, Nassau" + "large": { + "text": "0" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Freeport (1,642,780) (2021)" + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "4" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "4" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Clifton Pier, Cockburn Town, Freeport, Matthew Town, Nassau, South Riding Point" } } }, @@ -1092,7 +1104,7 @@ "text": "18-30 years of age for voluntary service for men and women (18-60 for Reserves); no conscription (2024)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "established in 1980; the RBDF's primary responsibilities are disaster relief, maritime security, and counter-narcotics operations; it also provides security at a detention center for migrants and performs some domestic security functions, such as guarding embassies; the RBDF is a naval force, but includes a lightly-armed marine infantry/commando squadron for base and internal security, as well as a few light non-combat aircraft; the maritime element has coastal patrol craft and patrol boats; the RBDF maintains training relationships with the UK and the US (2023)" + "text": "established in 1980; the RBDF's primary responsibilities are disaster relief, maritime security, and counter-narcotics operations; it also provides security at a detention center for migrants and performs some domestic security functions, such as guarding embassies; the RBDF is a naval force, but includes a lightly-armed marine infantry/commando squadron for base and internal security, as well as a few light non-combat aircraft; the maritime element has coastal patrol craft and patrol boats; the RBDF maintains training relationships with the UK and the US (2024)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json index 3574925c..92cf3ca6 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json @@ -1141,8 +1141,29 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 49, general cargo 410, oil tanker 64, other 251" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "2 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "size unknown": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { "text": "Belize City, Big Creek" } } diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bq.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bq.json index b2df4d4f..7647e298 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bq.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bq.json @@ -123,9 +123,6 @@ "Economy": { }, "Transportation": { - "Ports and terminals": { - "text": "none; offshore anchorage only" - } }, "Military and Security": { "Military - note": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json index bc0b3451..28491616 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json @@ -929,12 +929,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 29, container ship 3, general cargo 1, oil tanker 20, other 77" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Cayman Brac, George Town" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "2 (2024)" }, - "cruise port(s)": { - "text": "George Town, Grand Cayman" + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "2" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Cayman Brac, Georgetown" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json index ad5c449c..bd39ee52 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json @@ -811,10 +811,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "25.7% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "31.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "1.2% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.7% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1189,14 +1189,28 @@ "text": "other 11" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Atlantic Ocean (Caribbean) - Puerto Limon" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "6 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Puerto Limon (1,319,372)" + "large": { + "text": "0" }, - "note": "Pacific Ocean - Caldera" + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "5" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "4" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Golfito, Puerto Caldera, Puerto Limon, Puerto Moin, Puerto Quepos, Puntarenas" + } } }, "Military and Security": { @@ -1236,7 +1250,7 @@ "text": "Costa Rican Space Agency (ACE; established 2021); ACE is a non-state, public entity subject to guidelines issued by the Ministry of Science, Technology, and Telecommunications (2023)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "has a small, new program focused on promoting the use of space to develop the country’s economy and industry, including acquiring and utilizing satellites; has built a remote sensing (RS) cube satellite; has relations with the space agencies and commercial space industries of the US and members of the Latin American and Caribbean Space Agency (ALCE) (2023)", + "text": "has a small, recently established program focused on promoting the use of space to develop the country’s economy and industry, including acquiring and utilizing satellites; has built a remote sensing (RS) cube satellite; has relations with the space agencies and commercial space industries of the US, members of the European Space Agency, and members of the Latin American and Caribbean Space Agency (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S" } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json index 29710f89..c63eb365 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json @@ -1144,9 +1144,30 @@ "text": "general cargo 13, oil tanker 10, other 42" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Antilla, Cienfuegos, Guantanamo, Havana, Matanzas, Mariel, Nuevitas Bay, Santiago de Cuba" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "34 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "6" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "3" + }, + "small": { + "text": "10" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "6" + }, + "size unknown": { + "text": "9" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "14" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Antilla, Bahai De La Habana, Bahia De Sagua De Tanamo, Cabanas, Casilda, Cienfuegos, Nuevitas Bay, Puerto Guantanamo, Santiago De Cuba" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json index d9ccdb60..c7fe1f26 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json @@ -977,8 +977,26 @@ "text": "general cargo 26, oil tanker 10, other 41" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "2 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { "text": "Portsmouth, Roseau" } } diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json index 41a55ad5..34324cb6 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json @@ -825,10 +825,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "26.8% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "26.8% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "3.8% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.8% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1211,21 +1211,30 @@ "text": "container ship 1, general cargo 2, oil tanker 1, other 36" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Puerto Haina, Puerto Plata, Santo Domingo" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "17 (2024)" }, - "oil terminal(s)": { - "text": "Punta Nizao oil terminal" + "large": { + "text": "0" }, - "cruise port(s)": { - "text": "La Romana" + "medium": { + "text": "2" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Caucedo (1,265,459); Haina (495,243)" + "small": { + "text": "7" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Andres LNG terminal (Boca Chica)" + "very small": { + "text": "6" + }, + "size unknown": { + "text": "2" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "7" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Andres (Andres Lng Terminal), Las Calderas, Puerto De Haina, Puerto Plata, Punta Nizao Oil Terminal, San Pedro De Macoris, Santa Barbara De Samana, Santa Cruz De Barahona, Santo Domingo" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json index a47602d5..91757f95 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json @@ -805,10 +805,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "26.5% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "26.5% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "0.5% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.5% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1178,12 +1178,27 @@ "text": "other 5" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Puerto Cutuco" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "3 (2024)" }, - "oil terminal(s)": { - "text": "Acajutla offshore terminal" + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "3" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "3" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Acajutla, Acajutla Offshore Terminal, La Union" } } }, @@ -1223,15 +1238,6 @@ "text": "the Armed Force of El Salvador (FAES) is responsible for defending national sovereignty and ensuring territorial integrity but also has considerable domestic security responsibilities; while the National Civil Police (PNC) is responsible for maintaining public security, the country’s constitution allows the president to use the FAES “in exceptional circumstances” to maintain internal peace and public security; in 2016, the government created a special 1,000-strong joint unit of Army commandos and police to fight criminal gangs; more military personnel were devoted to internal security beginning in 2019 when President BUKELE signed a decree authorizing military involvement in police duties to combat rising gang violence, organized crime, and narcotics trafficking, as well as assisting with border security; since the decree, a considerable portion of the Army has been deployed in support of the PNC; in multiple cases since 2022, for example, as many as 8,000 troops have been deployed alongside thousands of police on single operations against criminal gang members 

the FAES trains regularly, as well as with regional partners and the US, in such areas as internal security and disaster relief operations; it has deployed small numbers of personnel on UN peacekeeping missions and in support of military operations in Iraq (2003-2009); the FAES is deployed throughout the country in zones; the Army’s combat units are six infantry brigades, plus a special security brigade comprised of border guards and military police, and an artillery brigade; the Navy operates patrol boats and has a small force of naval commandos; the Air Force has a few dozen light ground attack fixed-wing aircraft and multirole helicopters

the military led the country for much of the 20th century; from 1980 to 1992, it fought a bloody civil war against guerrillas from the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front or FMLN, the paramilitary arm of the Democratic Revolutionary Front (Frente Democrático Revolucionario), a coalition of left-wing dissident political groups backed by Cuba and the Soviet Union; the FAES received considerable US support during the conflict; significant human rights violations occurred during the war and approximately 75,000 Salvadorans, mostly civilians, were killed (2023)" } }, - "Space": { - "Space agency/agencies": { - "text": "El Salvador Aerospace Institute (ESAI; established 2018) is an aerospace think tank that is authorized by the Salvadoran Government decree to lead the country’s national aerospace strategy (2023)" - }, - "Space program overview": { - "text": "small, nascent space effort; ESAI serves as a link and coordination body for the aerospace industry with a focus on research, development, and innovation, particularly in the fields of science, technology, and engineering; has sought training and cooperation on space programs from South Korea and Turkey (2023)", - "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S" - } - }, "Transnational Issues": { "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "IDPs": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json index 76e3378b..5d71f4e6 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json @@ -1035,9 +1035,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 3, other 3" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Saint George's" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "1 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "St. George's" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json index 028883e3..7c29729c 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json @@ -1207,9 +1207,27 @@ "text": "oil tanker 1, other 8" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Puerto Quetzal, Santo Tomas de Castilla" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "3 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "2" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Puerto Barrios, Puerto Quetzal, Santo Tomas De Castilla" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json index 44b1c3a5..b0f2a8a5 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json @@ -1150,9 +1150,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 3, other 1" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Cap-Haitien, Gonaives, Jacmel, Port-au-Prince" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "5 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "4" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Cap Haitien, Jacmel, Miragoane, Petit Goave, Port Au Prince" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json index 03db4005..42db4608 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json @@ -811,10 +811,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "32.8% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "31.9% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "4.7% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.9% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1202,9 +1202,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 233, oil tanker 82, other 174" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "La Ceiba, Puerto Cortes, San Lorenzo, Tela" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "8 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "7" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "3" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Coxen Hole, La Ceiba, Puerto Castilla, Puerto Cortes, Puerto De Hencan, Puerto Este, Tela, Trujillo" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json index 2c84ac9a..7de75259 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json @@ -1120,15 +1120,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 1, general cargo 11, oil tanker 1, other 27" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Discovery Bay (Port Rhoades), Kingston, Montego Bay, Port Antonio, Port Esquivel, Port Kaiser, Rocky Point" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "11 (2024)" }, - "cruise port(s)": { - "text": "Falmouth, Montego Bay, Port Antonio, Ocho Rios," + "large": { + "text": "0" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Kingston (2,004,302) (2021)" + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "8" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "5" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Falmouth, Kingston, Lucea, Montego Bay, Ocho Rios, Port Antonio, Port Esquivel, Port Kaiser, Rio Bueno, Rocky Point, Savannah La Mar" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json index 0e576ccf..5a13ff71 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json @@ -828,11 +828,6 @@ }, "Roadways": { "text": "

note: volcanic eruptions that began in 1995 destroyed most of the 227 km road system; a new road infrastructure has been built on the north end of the island

" - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Little Bay, Plymouth" - } } }, "Military and Security": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json index d5d03790..f9a5db1f 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Although sighted by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1493 and claimed for Spain, it was the Dutch who occupied the island in 1631 and began exploiting its salt deposits. The Spanish retook the island in 1633, but the Dutch continued to assert their claims. The Spanish finally relinquished the island of Saint Martin to the French and Dutch, who divided it between themselves in 1648. The establishment of cotton, tobacco, and sugar plantations dramatically expanded African slavery on the island in the 18th and 19th centuries; the practice was not abolished in the Dutch half until 1863. The island's economy declined until 1939 when it became a free port; the tourism industry was dramatically expanded beginning in the 1950s. In 1954, Sint Maarten and several other Dutch Caribbean possessions became part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands as the Netherlands Antilles. In a 2000 referendum, the citizens of Sint Maarten voted to become a self-governing country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, effective October 2010. On 6 September 2017, Hurricane Irma hit Saint Martin/Sint Maarten, causing extensive damage to roads, communications, electrical power, and housing. The UN estimated the storm destroyed or damaged 90% of the buildings, and Princess Juliana International Airport was heavily damaged and closed to commercial air traffic for five weeks." + "text": "Christopher COLUMBUS claimed Saint Martin for Spain in 1493, naming it after the feast day of St. Martin of Tours, but it was the Dutch who occupied the island in 1631 to exploit its salt deposits. The Spanish retook Saint Martin in 1633, but the Dutch continued to assert their claims. The Spanish finally relinquished the island to the French and Dutch, who divided it between themselves in 1648. The border frequently fluctuated over the next 200 years because of friction between the two countries, with the Dutch eventually holding the smaller portion of the island (about 39%) and adopting the Dutch spelling of the island's name for their territory. 

The establishment of cotton, tobacco, and sugar plantations dramatically expanded African slavery on the island in the 18th and 19th centuries; the practice was not abolished in the Dutch half until 1863. The island's economy declined until 1939 when it became a free port; the tourism industry was dramatically expanded beginning in the 1950s. In 1954, Sint Maarten and several other Dutch Caribbean possessions became part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands as the Netherlands Antilles. In a 2000 referendum, the citizens of Sint Maarten voted to become a self-governing country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, effective in 2010. In 2017, Hurricane Irma hit Saint Martin/Sint Maarten, causing extensive damage to roads, communications, electrical power, and housing; the UN estimated that 90% of the buildings were damaged or destroyed." } }, "Geography": { @@ -651,12 +651,27 @@ "text": "53 km" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Philipsburg" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "2 (2024)" }, - "oil terminal(s)": { - "text": "Coles Bay oil terminal" + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Coles Bay Oil Terminal, Philipsburg" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json index 167bb858..16d1bc47 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json @@ -1158,9 +1158,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 1, oil tanker 1, other 3" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Bluefields, Corinto" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "5 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "3" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "4" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Bluefields, Corinto, El Bluff, Puerto Cabezas, Puerto Sandino" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json index 3236a996..89c951a7 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json @@ -802,10 +802,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "15.7% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "15.7% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "1.7% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.7% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1183,12 +1183,30 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 2732, container ship 671, general cargo 1,428, oil tanker 866, other 2,477" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Balboa, Colon, Cristobal" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "12 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Balboa (3,561,432), Colon (4,915,975) (2021)" + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "3" + }, + "small": { + "text": "3" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "5" + }, + "size unknown": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "5" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Bahia De Las Minas, Balboa, Pedregal, Puerto Armuelles, Puerto Colon, Puerto Cristobal" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json index 0568145a..296fa22c 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Although sighted by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1493 and claimed for Spain, it was the Dutch who occupied Saint Martin in 1631 to exploit its salt deposits. The Spanish retook the island in 1633, but the Dutch continued to harass them. The Spanish finally relinquished Saint Martin to the French and Dutch, who divided it between themselves in 1648. The border frequently fluctuated over the next 200 years because of friction between the two countries, with the French eventually holding the greater portion of the island (about 61%). The cultivation of sugarcane introduced African slavery to the island in the late 18th century; the practice was not abolished until 1848. The island became a free port in 1939, and the tourism industry was dramatically expanded during the 1970s and 1980s. In 2003, the populace of Saint Martin voted to secede from Guadeloupe, and in 2007, the northern portion of the island became a French overseas collectivity. In 2010, the southern Dutch portion of the island became the independent nation of Sint Maarten within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. In 2017, Hurricane Irma passed over the island of Saint Martin, causing extensive damage to roads, communications, electrical power, and housing; the UN estimated that 90% of the buildings were damaged or destroyed." + "text": "Christopher COLUMBUS claimed Saint Martin for Spain in 1493, naming it after the feast day of St. Martin of Tours, but it was the Dutch who occupied the island in 1631 to exploit its salt deposits. The Spanish retook Saint Martin in 1633, but the Dutch continued to assert their claims. The Spanish finally relinquished the island to the French and Dutch, who divided it between themselves in 1648. The border frequently fluctuated over the next 200 years because of friction between the two countries, with the French eventually holding the greater portion of the island (about 61%).

The cultivation of sugarcane introduced African slavery to the island in the late 18th century; the practice was not abolished until 1848. The island became a free port in 1939, and the tourism industry was dramatically expanded during the 1970s and 1980s. In 2003, the populace of Saint Martin voted to secede from Guadeloupe, and in 2007, the northern portion of the island became a French overseas collectivity. In 2010, the southern Dutch portion of the island became the independent nation of Sint Maarten within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. In 2017, Hurricane Irma passed over the island of Saint Martin, causing extensive damage to roads, communications, electrical power, and housing; the UN estimated that 90% of the buildings were damaged or destroyed." } }, "Geography": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json index d5dead7d..63af798c 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json @@ -932,15 +932,27 @@ "text": "26,862 km (2012) (includes 454 km of expressways)" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Ensenada Honda, Mayaguez, Playa de Guayanilla, Playa de Ponce, San Juan" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "14 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "San Juan (1,438,218) (2021)" + "large": { + "text": "0" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Guayanilla Bay" + "medium": { + "text": "3" + }, + "small": { + "text": "4" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "7" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "7" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Arroyo, Ensenada Honda, Mayaguez, Playa De Guanica, Playa De Guayanilla, Playa De Ponce, San Juan" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json index ffdd0c0e..9770b9cd 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json @@ -1034,8 +1034,26 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 22, container ship 16, general cargo 85, oil tanker 59, other 159" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "2 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "2" + }, + "key ports": { "text": "Basseterre, Charlestown" } } diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json index f29a2ffc..b51e51d6 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json @@ -1054,9 +1054,27 @@ "text": "363 km (2011)" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Castries, Cul-de-Sac, Vieux-Fort" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "3 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "2" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Castries, Grand Cul De Sac Bay, Vieux Fort" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json index b58642b4..54de3cd8 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json @@ -454,11 +454,6 @@ "text": "40 km" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Gustavia" - } - }, "Transportation - note": { "text": "nearest airport for international flights is Princess Juliana International Airport (SXM) located on Sint Maarten" } diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json index 5c42de7a..5e0881d0 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json @@ -1063,15 +1063,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 1, other 101" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Point Fortin, Point Lisas, Port of Spain, Scarborough" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "10 (2024)" }, - "oil terminal(s)": { - "text": "Galeota Point terminal" + "large": { + "text": "0" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (export)": { - "text": "Port Fortin" + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "4" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "5" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "8" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Galeota Point Terminal, Point Lisas Industrial Port, Point Lisas Port, Pointe A Pierre, Port Of Spain" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json index 9cbad671..bfaeccdb 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json @@ -865,9 +865,30 @@ "text": "general cargo 1, other 2" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Cockburn Harbour, Grand Turk, Providenciales" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "3 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "size unknown": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Cockburn Harbor, Grand Turk, Providenciales" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json index 2574097a..9220bde9 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json @@ -785,18 +785,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 5, oil tanker 1, other 51" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Willemstad" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "4 (2024)" }, - "oil terminal(s)": { - "text": "Bullen Baai (Curacao Terminal)" + "large": { + "text": "0" }, - "cruise port(s)": { - "text": "Willemstad" + "medium": { + "text": "2" }, - "bulk cargo port(s)": { - "text": "Fuik Bay (phosphate rock)" + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "3" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Bullenbaai, Caracasbaai, Sint Michelsbaai, Willemstad" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json index 0fe19a34..9556c2b6 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json @@ -1028,8 +1028,26 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 30, container ship 18, general cargo 137, oil tanker 16, other 629" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "1 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { "text": "Kingstown" } } diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json index 71c47e44..3ff12132 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json @@ -819,12 +819,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 3, other 26" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Road Harbor" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "1 (2024)" }, - "cruise port(s)": { - "text": "Tortola" + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Road Harbor" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json index 3fc70267..6830948c 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json @@ -834,9 +834,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 1, other 1" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Charlotte Amalie, Christiansted, Cruz Bay, Frederiksted, Limetree Bay" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "6 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "3" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "3" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "3" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Charlotte Amalie, Christiansted, Cruz Bay, Frederiksted, Limetree Bay, Port Alucroix" } } }, diff --git a/central-asia/kg.json b/central-asia/kg.json index a95870d6..ef1164ba 100644 --- a/central-asia/kg.json +++ b/central-asia/kg.json @@ -1175,11 +1175,6 @@ }, "Waterways": { "text": "576 km (2022)" - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "lake port(s)": { - "text": "Balykchy (Ysyk-Kol or Rybach'ye)(Lake Ysyk-Kol)" - } } }, "Military and Security": { diff --git a/central-asia/kz.json b/central-asia/kz.json index 55fd21fc..6bf96712 100644 --- a/central-asia/kz.json +++ b/central-asia/kz.json @@ -822,10 +822,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "44.9% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "49.4% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "1.7% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "2.4% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1228,14 +1228,6 @@ "by type": { "text": "general cargo 3, oil tanker 7, other 112" } - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Caspian Sea - Aqtau (Shevchenko), Atyrau (Gur'yev)" - }, - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Oskemen (Ust-Kamenogorsk), Pavlodar, Semey (Semipalatinsk) (Irtysh River)" - } } }, "Military and Security": { diff --git a/central-asia/rs.json b/central-asia/rs.json index 1773e8b4..f14b5a21 100644 --- a/central-asia/rs.json +++ b/central-asia/rs.json @@ -870,10 +870,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "28% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "29% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "7.4% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "7.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1277,21 +1277,30 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 15, container ship 20, general cargo 976, oil tanker 387, other 1,512" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "
Arctic Ocean: Arkhangelsk, Murmansk
Baltic Sea: Kaliningrad, Primorsk, Saint Petersburg
Black Sea: Novorossiysk
Pacific Ocean: Nakhodka, Vladivostok, Vostochnyy" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "67 (2024)" }, - "oil terminal(s)": { - "text": "Kavkaz oil terminal, Primorsk" + "large": { + "text": "4" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Saint Petersburg (2,042,358) (2021)" + "medium": { + "text": "5" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (export)": { - "text": "Sabetta, Sakhalin Island" + "small": { + "text": "19" }, - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Astrakhan, Kazan (Volga River); Rostov-on-Don (Don River); Saint Petersburg (Neva River)" + "very small": { + "text": "38" + }, + "size unknown": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "32" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Arkhangels'k, De Kastri, Dudinka, Kaliningrad, Murmansk, Novorossiysk, Sankt-Peterburg, Vladivostok, Vyborg" } }, "Transportation - note": { diff --git a/central-asia/ti.json b/central-asia/ti.json index a290a4c7..e5e0830a 100644 --- a/central-asia/ti.json +++ b/central-asia/ti.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

The Tajik people came under Russian imperial rule in the 1860s and 1870s, but Russia's hold on Central Asia weakened following the Revolution of 1917. At that time, bands of indigenous guerrillas (known as \"basmachi\") fiercely contested Bolshevik control of the area, which was not fully reestablished until 1925. Tajikistan was first established as an autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic in 1924, but in 1929 the USSR designated Tajikistan a separate republic and transferred to it much of present-day Sughd Province. Ethnic Uzbeks form a substantial minority in Tajikistan, and ethnic Tajiks an even larger minority in Uzbekistan. Tajikistan became independent in 1991 following the breakup of the Soviet Union, and experienced a civil war between political, regional, and religious factions from 1992 to 1997.

Though the country holds general elections for both the presidency (once every seven years) and legislature (once every five years), observers note an electoral system rife with irregularities and abuse, with results that are neither free nor fair. President Emomali RAHMON, who came to power in 1992 during the civil war and was first elected president in 1994, used an attack planned by a disaffected deputy defense minister in 2015 to ban the last major opposition political party in Tajikistan. In December 2015, RAHMON further strengthened his position by having himself declared \"Founder of Peace and National Unity, Leader of the Nation,\" with limitless terms and lifelong immunity through constitutional amendments ratified in a referendum. The referendum also lowered the minimum age required to run for president from 35 to 30, which made RAHMON's first-born son Rustam EMOMALI, the mayor of the capital city of Dushanbe, eligible to run for president in 2020. In April 2020, RAHMON orchestrated EMOMALI's selection as chairman of the Majlisi Milli (the upper chamber of Tajikistan's parliament), positioning EMOMALI as next in line of succession for the presidency. RAHMON opted to run in the presidential election in October 2020 and received 91% of the vote.

The country remains the poorest of the former Soviet republic. Tajikistan became a member of the WTO in March 2013. However, its economy continues to face major challenges, including dependence on remittances from Tajikistani migrant laborers working in Russia and Kazakhstan, pervasive corruption, and the opiate trade and other destabilizing violence emanating from neighboring Afghanistan. Tajikistan has endured several domestic security incidents since 2010, including armed conflict between government forces and local strongmen in the Rasht Valley and between government forces and residents and informal leaders in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast. Tajikistan suffered its first ISIS-claimed attack in 2018, when assailants attacked a group of Western bicyclists with vehicles and knives, killing four. Friction between forces on the border between Tajikistan and the Kyrgyz Republic flared up in 2021, culminating in fatal clashes between border forces in April 2021 and September 2022.

 

 

" + "text": "

The Tajik people came under Russian imperial rule in the 1860s and 1870s, but Russia's hold on Central Asia weakened following the Revolution of 1917. At that time, bands of indigenous guerrillas (known as \"basmachi\") fiercely contested Bolshevik control of the area, which was not fully reestablished until 1925. Tajikistan was first established as an autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic in 1924, but in 1929 the Soviet Union made Tajikistan as a separate republic and transferred to it much of present-day Sughd Province. Ethnic Uzbeks form a substantial minority in Tajikistan, and ethnic Tajiks an even larger minority in Uzbekistan. Tajikistan became independent in 1991 after the breakup of the Soviet Union, and the country experienced a civil war among political, regional, and religious factions from 1992 to 1997.

Despite Tajikistan's general elections for both the presidency (once every seven years) and legislature (once every five years), observers note an electoral system rife with irregularities and abuse, and results that are neither free nor fair. President Emomali RAHMON, who came to power in 1992 during the civil war and was first elected president in 1994, used an attack planned by a disaffected deputy defense minister in 2015 to ban the last major opposition party in Tajikistan. RAHMON further strengthened his position by having himself declared \"Founder of Peace and National Unity, Leader of the Nation,\" with limitless terms and lifelong immunity through constitutional amendments ratified in a referendum. The referendum also lowered the minimum age required to run for president from 35 to 30, which made RAHMON's first-born son Rustam EMOMALI, the mayor of the capital city of Dushanbe, eligible to run for president in 2020. RAHMON orchestrated EMOMALI's selection in 2020 as chairman of the Majlisi Milli (the upper chamber of Tajikistan's parliament), positioning EMOMALI as next in line of succession for the presidency. RAHMON opted to run in the presidential election later that year and received 91% of the vote.

The country remains the poorest of the former Soviet republics. Tajikistan became a member of the WTO in 2013, but its economy continues to face major challenges, including dependence on remittances from Tajikistani migrant laborers in Russia and Kazakhstan, pervasive corruption, the opiate trade, and destabilizing violence emanating from neighboring Afghanistan. Tajikistan has endured several domestic security incidents since 2010, including armed conflict between government forces and local strongmen in the Rasht Valley and between government forces and informal leaders in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast. Tajikistan suffered its first ISIS-claimed attack in 2018, when assailants attacked a group of Western bicyclists, killing four. Friction between forces on the border between Tajikistan and the Kyrgyz Republic flared up in 2021, culminating in fatal clashes between border forces in 2021 and 2022.

" } }, "Geography": { diff --git a/central-asia/tx.json b/central-asia/tx.json index cc6a3fab..345ad118 100644 --- a/central-asia/tx.json +++ b/central-asia/tx.json @@ -792,10 +792,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "37.5% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "36.9% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "2.2% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "2.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1164,11 +1164,6 @@ "by type": { "text": "general cargo 6, oil tanker 8, other 59" } - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Caspian Sea - Turkmenbasy" - } } }, "Military and Security": { diff --git a/central-asia/uz.json b/central-asia/uz.json index 92ca3e8d..4b6ace4f 100644 --- a/central-asia/uz.json +++ b/central-asia/uz.json @@ -806,10 +806,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "30.2% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "46.5% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "2.5% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1179,11 +1179,6 @@ }, "Waterways": { "text": "1,100 km (2012)" - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Termiz (Amu Darya)" - } } }, "Military and Security": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json index a711dee3..1c8e30e2 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json @@ -832,10 +832,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "56.1% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "56.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "0.5% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1224,12 +1224,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 1, general cargo 44, oil tanker 5, other 51" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Mawlamyine (Moulmein), Sittwe" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "7 (2024)" }, - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Rangoon (Yangon) (Rangoon River)" + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "5" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "3" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Bassein, Mergui, Moulmein Harbor, Rangoon, Sittwe" } } }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json index 1d1c5d0b..a45368bc 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json @@ -1102,15 +1102,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 18, oil tanker 2, other 77" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Muara" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "5 (2024)" }, - "oil terminal(s)": { - "text": "Lumut, Seria" + "large": { + "text": "0" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (export)": { - "text": "Lumut" + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "3" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "5" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Belait, Lumut, Muara Harbor, Seria Oil Loading Terminal" } } }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json index a8b5770b..869ab6a8 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json @@ -808,10 +808,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "42.3% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "42.7% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "2.2% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.9% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1197,12 +1197,27 @@ "text": "container ship 2, general cargo 123, oil tanker 18, other 52" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Sihanoukville (Kampong Saom)" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "2 (2024)" }, - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Phnom Penh (Mekong)" + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Kampong Saom, Phsar Ream" } } }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json index 1e4d26d6..d0d8f451 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json @@ -871,10 +871,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "21.6% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "20% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "2.5% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "2.9% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1272,18 +1272,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 1,831, container ship 419, general cargo 1,392, oil tanker 1,196, other 3,476" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Dalian, Ningbo, Qingdao, Qinhuangdao, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Tianjin, Xiamen" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "66 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Dalian (3,672,000), Guangzhou (24,180,000), Ningbo (31,070,000), Qingdao (23,710,000), Shanghai (47,030,300), Shenzhen (28,767,600), Tianjin (20,269,400), Xiamen (12,045,700) (2021)" + "large": { + "text": "5" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shandong, Shanghai, Tangshan, Zhejiang" + "medium": { + "text": "9" }, - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Guangzhou (Pearl)" + "small": { + "text": "25" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "27" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "48" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Chaozhou, Dalian, Fang-Cheng, Guangzhou, Hankow, Lon Shui Terminal, Qingdao Gang, Qinhuangdao, Shanghai, Shekou, Tianjin Xin Gang, Weihai, Wenzhou, Xiamen" } }, "Transportation - note": { @@ -1332,13 +1341,13 @@ }, "Space": { "Space agency/agencies": { - "text": "China National Space Administration (CNSA; established in 1993); Administration for Science, Technology, and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND; subordinate to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology); People’s Liberation Army Strategic Support Force (PLASSF; established 2016; includes the Space Systems Department and the China Manned Space Engineering Office or CMSEO) (2023)" + "text": "China National Space Administration (CNSA; established in 1993); Administration for Science, Technology, and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND; subordinate to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology); People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Aerospace Force (in 2024, the PLA created the Aerospace Force from the former Strategic Support Force, which had included the Space Systems Department and the China Manned Space Engineering Office or CMSEO) (2024)" }, "Space launch site(s)": { - "text": "Jiuquan Launch Center (Inner Mongolia), Xichang Launch Center (Sichuan), Wenchang Launch Center (Hainan), Taiyuan Launch Center (Shanxi), Eastern (Haiyang City) coastal spaceport (Shandong; designed to facilitate maritime launches) (2023)" + "text": "Jiuquan Launch Center (Inner Mongolia), Xichang Launch Center (Sichuan), Wenchang Launch Center (Hainan; Wenchang includes a commercial launch pad, the Hainan Commercial Space Launch Site, which was scheduled to be completed in 2024), Taiyuan Launch Center (Shanxi), Eastern Spaceport (Shandong; a coastal spaceport designed to facilitate maritime launches); note - China also has a ship capable of conducting space launches (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "has a large, comprehensive, and ambitious space program and is considered one of the World’s leading space powers; capable of manufacturing and operating the full spectrum of space launch vehicles (SLVs) and spacecraft, including human crewed, satellite launchers, lunar/inter-planetary/asteroid probes, satellites (communications, remote sensing, navigational, scientific, etc.), space stations, and re-usable space transportation systems, such as orbital space planes/shuttles; trains astronauts (taikonauts); researches and develops a range of other space-related capabilities, including advanced telecommunications, optics, spacecraft components, satellite payloads, etc.; participates in international space programs, such as the Square Kilometer Array Project radio telescope project and co-leads (with Australian and Japan) the Global Earth Observation System of Systems; has signed space cooperation agreements with more than 30 countries, including Brazil, Canada, France, and Russia, as well as the European Space Agency (note – the US NASA is barred by a 2011 law from cooperating with the Chinese bilaterally in space unless approved by the US Congress; the US also objected to China’s participation in the International Space Station program); has a space industry dominated by two state-owned aerospace enterprises but since announcing in 2014 that it would allow private investment into the traditionally state-dominated space industry has developed a substantial commercial space sector, including space launch services (2023)", + "text": "has a large, comprehensive, and ambitious space program and is considered one of the World’s leading space powers; capable of manufacturing and operating the full spectrum of space launch vehicles (SLVs) and spacecraft, including human crewed, satellite launchers, lunar/inter-planetary/asteroid probes, satellites (communications, remote sensing, navigational, scientific, etc.), space stations, and re-usable space transportation systems, such as orbital space planes/shuttles; trains astronauts (taikonauts); researches and develops a range of other space-related capabilities, including advanced telecommunications, optics, spacecraft components, satellite payloads, etc.; participates in international space programs, such as the Square Kilometer Array Project radio telescope project and co-leads (with Australian and Japan) the Global Earth Observation System of Systems; has signed space cooperation agreements with more than 30 countries, including Brazil, Canada, France, and Russia, as well as the European Space Agency (note – the US NASA is barred by a 2011 law from cooperating with the Chinese bilaterally in space unless approved by the US Congress; the US also objected to China’s participation in the International Space Station program); has a space industry dominated by two state-owned aerospace enterprises but since announcing in 2014 that it would allow private investment into the traditionally state-dominated space industry has developed a substantial commercial space sector, including space launch services (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S" } }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json index be237c7c..803f7fc3 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json @@ -667,10 +667,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "14.7% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "12.1% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "1.2% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.7% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1031,12 +1031,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 1,047, container ship 560, general cargo 144, oil tanker 394, other 392" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Hong Kong" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "1 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Hong Kong (17,798,000) (2021)" + "large": { + "text": "1" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Hong Kong" } } }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json index fbccc4f2..3a931477 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json @@ -851,10 +851,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "31.7% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "33.9% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "7.2% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "7.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1248,18 +1248,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 160, container ship 219, general cargo 2,347, oil tanker 714, other 7,982" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Banjarmasin, Belawan, Kotabaru, Krueg Geukueh, Palembang, Panjang, Sungai Pakning, Tanjung Perak, Tanjung Priok" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "123 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Tanjung Perak (3,901,215), Tanjung Priok (6,849,227) (2021)" + "large": { + "text": "3" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (export)": { - "text": "Bontang, Tangguh" + "medium": { + "text": "6" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Arun, Lampung, West Java" + "small": { + "text": "18" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "96" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "79" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Belawan, Cilacap, Dumai, Jakarta, Kasim Terminal, Merak Mas Terminal, Palembang, Surabaya, Ujung Pandang" } } }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json index 2cff680a..96a32ddc 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json @@ -809,10 +809,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "16% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "16.7% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "2.3% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1223,17 +1223,31 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 166, container ship 49, general cargo 1,893, oil tanker 666, other 2,455" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Chiba, Kawasaki, Kobe, Mizushima, Moji, Nagoya, Osaka, Tokyo, Tomakomai, Yokohama" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "163 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Kobe (2,823,774), Nagoya (2,725,597), Osaka (2,425,638), Tokyo (4,325,956), Yokohama (2,861,197) (2021)" + "large": { + "text": "11" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Chita, Chita Midorihama, Fukuoka, Futtsu, Hachinone, Hakodate, Hatsukaichi, Higashi Ohgishima, Higashi Niigata, Himeiji, Hitachi, Ishikari, Joetsu, Kagoshima, Kawagoe, Hibiki, Mitzushima, Nagasaki, Naoetsu, Negishi, Ohgishima, Oita, Sakai, Sakaide, Senboku, Shin Minato, Shin-Sendai, Sodeshi Shimizu, Sodegaura, Soma, Tobata, Toyama Shinko, Yanai, Yokkaichi, Yoshinoura" + "medium": { + "text": "26" }, - "note": "Okinawa - Nakagusuku" + "small": { + "text": "54" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "71" + }, + "size unknown": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "99" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Kawasaki Ko, Kobe, Mikawa, Nagasaki, Nagoya Ko, Onomichi-Itozaki, Osaka, Tokyo Ko, Wakamatsu Ko, Wakayama-Shimotsu Ko, Yokohama Ko" + } } }, "Military and Security": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json index 46fdc5d3..d6243fca 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json @@ -1019,9 +1019,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 10, container ship 5, general cargo 191, oil tanker 29, other 29" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Ch'ongjin, Haeju, Hungnam, Namp'o, Songnim, Sonbong (formerly Unggi), Wonsan" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "10 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "7" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "3" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "0" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Ch'ongjin, Haeju Hang, Hungnam, Najin, Nampo, Senbong, Wonsan" } } }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json index 850f098e..f61050f3 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json @@ -802,10 +802,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "13.8% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "12.8% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "2.7% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.8% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1206,15 +1206,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 93, container ship 115, general cargo 362, oil tanker 219, other 1,360" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Busan, Incheon, Gunsan, Kwangyang, Mokpo, Pohang, Ulsan, Yeosu" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "15 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Busan (22,706,130), Incheon (3,353,781), Kwangyang (2,122,903) (2021)" + "large": { + "text": "2" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Incheon, Kwangyang, Pyeongtaek, Samcheok, Tongyeong, Yeosu" + "medium": { + "text": "5" + }, + "small": { + "text": "4" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "4" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "10" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Busan, Gwangyang Hang, Inchon, Masan, Mokpo, Pyeongtaek Hang, Ulsan" } } }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json index 68aeeeee..9d379dc8 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json @@ -812,10 +812,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "50% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "50.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "10.5% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "10.8% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json index 63e3afdd..90142c8c 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json @@ -935,8 +935,26 @@ "text": "other 5" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "1 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { "text": "Macau" } } diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json index 68bdb2a4..dd07a5c6 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json @@ -811,10 +811,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "21.5% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "27.5% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "1.8% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.9% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1201,18 +1201,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 14, container ship 35, general cargo 169, oil tanker 148, other 1,384" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Bintulu, Johor Bahru, George Town (Penang), Pelabuhan Klang (Port Klang), Tanjung Pelepas" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "35 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Port Kelang (Port Klang) (13,724,460), Tanjung Pelepas (11,200,000) (2021)" + "large": { + "text": "3" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (export)": { - "text": "Bintulu (Sarawak)" + "medium": { + "text": "4" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Sungei Udang" + "small": { + "text": "10" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "18" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "24" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Johor, Kota Kinabalu, Port Dickson, Port Klang, Pulau Pinang, Tanjung Pelepas, Tapis Marine Terminal A" } } }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/pf.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/pf.json index c3f33ac6..fcf00f09 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/pf.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/pf.json @@ -120,9 +120,6 @@ "Economy": { }, "Transportation": { - "Ports and terminals": { - "text": "small Chinese port facilities on Woody Island and Duncan Island" - } }, "Military and Security": { "Military - note": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/pg.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/pg.json index 152260ed..a2336323 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/pg.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/pg.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "The Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs surrounded by rich fishing grounds - and potentially by gas and oil deposits. They are claimed in their entirety by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam, while portions are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines. About 45 islands are occupied by relatively small numbers of military forces from China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Since 1985, Brunei has claimed a continental shelf that overlaps a southern reef but has not made any formal claim to the reef. Brunei claims an exclusive economic zone over this area." + "text": "The Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs surrounded by rich fishing grounds -- and potentially by gas and oil deposits. China, Taiwan, and Vietnam all claim the islands in their entirety, while portions are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines. About 45 islands are occupied by relatively small numbers of military forces from China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Since 1985, Brunei has claimed a continental shelf that overlaps a southern reef but has not made any formal claim to the reef. Brunei claims an exclusive economic zone over this area." } }, "Geography": { @@ -106,9 +106,6 @@ "Economy": { }, "Transportation": { - "Ports and terminals": { - "text": "none; offshore anchorage only" - } }, "Military and Security": { "Military - note": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json index 814f6a69..71af040b 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json @@ -1171,12 +1171,27 @@ "text": "container ship 6, general cargo 89, oil tanker 4, other 106" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Kimbe, Lae, Madang, Rabaul, Wewak" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "22 (2024)" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (export)": { - "text": "Port Moresby" + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "6" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "16" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "8" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Kavieng Harbor, Kieta, Port Moresby, Rabaul, Vanimo, Wewak Harbor" } } }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json index 786f448c..595bc0ef 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json @@ -833,10 +833,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "42% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "38.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "1.4% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "2.1% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1232,15 +1232,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 52, container ship 43, general cargo 955, oil tanker 207, other 946" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Batangas, Cagayan de Oro, Cebu, Davao, Liman, Manila" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "70 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Manila (4,976,014) (2021)" + "large": { + "text": "2" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Batangas" + "medium": { + "text": "4" + }, + "small": { + "text": "8" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "56" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "22" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Batangas City, Cagayan De Oro, Cebu, Manila, San Fernando Harbor, Subic Bay" } } }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json index d596e48b..6960fb1b 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "A Malay trading port known as Temasek existed on the island of Singapore by the 14th century. The settlement changed hands several times in the ensuing centuries and was eventually burned in the 17th century and fell into obscurity. The British founded modern Singapore as a trading colony on the site in 1819. It joined the Malaysian Federation in 1963 but was ousted two years later and became independent. Singapore subsequently became one of the world's most prosperous countries with strong international trading links (its port is one of the world's busiest in terms of tonnage handled) and with per capita GDP among the highest globally." + "text": "A Malay trading port known as Temasek existed on the island of Singapore by the 14th century. The settlement changed hands several times in the ensuing centuries and was eventually burned in the 17th century, falling into obscurity. In 1819, the British founded modern Singapore as a trading colony on the same site. It joined the Malaysian Federation in 1963 but was ousted two years later and became independent. Singapore subsequently became one of the world's most prosperous countries, with strong international trading links and per capita GDP among the highest globally." } }, "Geography": { @@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ "text": "President THARMAN Shanmugaratnam (since 14 September 2023)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister LEE Hsien Loong (since 12 August 2004)" + "text": "Prime Minister Lawrence WONG (since 15 May 2024)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister; Cabinet responsible to Parliament" @@ -787,10 +787,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "6.9% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.4% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "1.9% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1160,15 +1160,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 591, container ship 604, general cargo 107, oil tanker 600, other 1,300" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Singapore" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "5 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Singapore (37,470,000) (2021)" + "large": { + "text": "2" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Singapore" + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "3" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Jurong Island, Keppel - (East Singapore), Pulau Bukom, Pulau Sebarok" } } }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json index 4f5be073..732089ee 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

Two unified Thai kingdoms emerged in the mid-13th century. The Sukhothai, located in the south-central plains, gained its independence from the Khmer Empire to the east. By the late 13th century, Sukhothai’s territory extended into present-day Burma and Laos. Sukhothai lasted until the mid-15th century. The Thai Lan Na Kingdom was established in the north with its capital at Chang Mai. Lan Na was conquered by the Burmese in the 16th century. The Ayutthaya Kingdom (14th-18th centuries) succeeded the Sukhothai and would become known as the Siamese Kingdom. During the Ayutthaya period, the Thai/Siamese peoples consolidated their hold on what is present-day central and north-central Thailand. Following a military defeat at the hands of the Burmese in 1767, the Siamese Kingdom rose to new heights under the military ruler TAKSIN, who defeated the Burmese occupiers and expanded the kingdom’s territory into modern-day northern Thailand (formerly the Lan Na Kingdom), Cambodia, Laos, and the Malay Peninsula. The kingdom fought off additional Burmese invasions and raids in the late 1700s and early 1800s. In the mid-1800s, Western pressure led to Siam signing trade treaties that reduced the country’s sovereignty and independence. In the 1890s and 1900s, the British and French forced the kingdom to cede Cambodian, Laotian, and Malay territories that had been under Siamese control.

A bloodless revolution in 1932 led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy. After the Japanese invaded Thailand in 1941, the government split into a pro-Japan faction and a pro-Allied faction backed by the king. Thailand became a US treaty ally in 1954 after sending troops to Korea and later fighting alongside the US in Vietnam. Thailand since 2005 has experienced several rounds of political turmoil including a military coup in 2006 that ousted then Prime Minister THAKSIN Chinnawat, followed by large-scale street protests by competing political factions in 2008, 2009, and 2010. THAKSIN's youngest sister, YINGLAK Chinnawat, in 2011 led the Puea Thai Party to an electoral win and assumed control of the government.

In early May 2014, after months of large-scale anti-government protests in Bangkok beginning in November 2013, YINGLAK was removed from office by the Constitutional Court and in late May 2014 the Royal Thai Army, led by Gen. PRAYUT Chan-ocha, staged a coup against the caretaker government. The military-affiliated National Council for Peace and Order (NCPO), led by PRAYUT as the appointed minister, ruled the country for more than four years, during which time the NCPO drafted a new constitution guaranteeing military sway over Thai politics in future elections by allowing the military to appoint the entire 250-member Senate and requiring a joint meeting of the House and Senate to select the prime minister, effectively giving the military a veto over the choice for the top executive. King PHUMIPHON Adunyadet passed away in October 2016 after 70 years on the throne; his only son, WACHIRALONGKON (aka King RAMA X), formally ascended the throne in December 2019. He signed the new constitution in April 2017. A long-delayed election in March 2019, disputed and widely viewed as skewed in favor of the party aligned with the military, allowed PRAYUT to continue his premiership. The country experienced large-scale anti-government protests in 2020. The reformist Move Forward Party won the most seats in the 2023 election, but was unable to form a government, and Srettha THRAVISIN Pheu Thai Party replaced PRAYUT as prime minister by forming a coalition of moderate and conservative parties.

" + "text": "

Two unified Thai kingdoms emerged in the mid-13th century. The Sukhothai Kingdom, located in the south-central plains, gained its independence from the Khmer Empire to the east. By the late 13th century, Sukhothai’s territory extended into present-day Burma and Laos. Sukhothai lasted until the mid-15th century. The Thai Lan Na Kingdom was established in the north with its capital at Chang Mai; the Burmese conquered Lan Na in the 16th century. The Ayutthaya Kingdom (14th-18th centuries) succeeded the Sukhothai and would become known as the Siamese Kingdom. During the Ayutthaya period, the Thai/Siamese peoples consolidated their hold on what is present-day central and north-central Thailand. Following a military defeat at the hands of the Burmese in 1767, the Siamese Kingdom rose to new heights under the military ruler TAKSIN, who defeated the Burmese occupiers and expanded the kingdom’s territory into modern-day northern Thailand (formerly the Lan Na Kingdom), Cambodia, Laos, and the Malay Peninsula. The kingdom fought off additional Burmese invasions and raids in the late 1700s and early 1800s. In the mid-1800s, Western pressure led to Siam signing trade treaties that reduced the country’s sovereignty and independence. In the 1890s and 1900s, the British and French forced the kingdom to cede Cambodian, Laotian, and Malay territories that had been under Siamese control.

A bloodless revolution in 1932 led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy. After the Japanese invaded Thailand in 1941, the government split into a pro-Japan faction and a pro-Allied faction backed by the king. Thailand became a US treaty ally in 1954 after sending troops to Korea and later fighting alongside the US in Vietnam. Thailand since 2005 has experienced several rounds of political turmoil, including a military coup in 2006 that ousted then Prime Minister THAKSIN Chinnawat and large-scale street protests led by competing political factions in 2008, 2009, and 2010. In 2011, THAKSIN's youngest sister, YINGLAK Chinnawat, led the Puea Thai Party to an electoral win and assumed control of the government.

In 2014, after months of major anti-government protests in Bangkok, the Constitutional Court removed YINGLAK from office, and the Royal Thai Army, led by Gen. PRAYUT Chan-ocha, then staged a coup against the caretaker government. The military-affiliated National Council for Peace and Order (NCPO) ruled the country under PRAYUT for more than four years, drafting a new constitution that allowed the military to appoint the entire 250-member Senate and required a joint meeting of the House and Senate to select the prime minister -- which effectively gave the military a veto on the selection. King PHUMIPHON Adunyadet passed away in 2016 after 70 years on the throne; his only son, WACHIRALONGKON (aka King RAMA X), formally ascended the throne in 2019. The same year, a long-delayed election allowed PRAYUT to continue his premiership, although the results were disputed and widely viewed as skewed in favor of the party aligned with the military. The country again experienced major anti-government protests in 2020. The reformist Move Forward Party won the most seats in the 2023 election but was unable to form a government, and Srettha THRAVISIN from the Pheu Thai Party replaced PRAYUT as prime minister after forming a coalition of moderate and conservative parties.

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ "text": "King WACHIRALONGKON, also spelled Vajiralongkorn (since 1 December 2016)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister SRETTHA Thawisin (since 5 September 2023)" + "text": "Prime Minister SETTHA Thawisin (since 5 September 2023)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the king; a Privy Council advises the king" @@ -845,10 +845,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "24.3% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "28.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "3.4% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1229,15 +1229,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 28, container ship 28, general cargo 88, oil tanker 251, other 489" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Bangkok, Laem Chabang, Map Ta Phut, Prachuap Port, Si Racha" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "21 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Laem Chabang (8,335,384) (2021)" + "large": { + "text": "1" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Map Ta Phut" + "medium": { + "text": "2" + }, + "small": { + "text": "3" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "15" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "14" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Bangkok, Laem Chabang, Pattani, Phuket, Sattahip, Si Racha" } } }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json index bc9321c2..165f6179 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json @@ -1107,8 +1107,26 @@ "text": "other 1" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "1 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "0" + }, + "key ports": { "text": "Dili" } } diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json index f88740f5..fb06df0b 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "First inhabited by Austronesian people, Taiwan became home to Han immigrants beginning in the late Ming Dynasty (17th century). In 1895, military defeat forced China's Qing Dynasty to cede Taiwan to Japan, which then governed Taiwan for 50 years. Taiwan came under Chinese Nationalist (Kuomintang, KMT) control after World War II. With the communist victory in the Chinese civil war in 1949, the Nationalist-controlled Republic of China government and 2 million Nationalists fled to Taiwan and continued to claim to be the legitimate government for mainland China and Taiwan based on a 1947 constitution drawn up for all of China. Until 1987, however, the Nationalist Government ruled Taiwan under a civil war martial law declaration dating to 1948. Beginning in the 1970s, Nationalist authorities gradually began to incorporate the native population into the governing structure beyond the local level. The democratization process expanded rapidly in the 1980s, leading to the then illegal founding of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), Taiwan’s first opposition party, in 1986 and the lifting of martial law the following year. Taiwan held legislative elections in 1992, the first in over 40 years, and its first direct presidential election in 1996. In the 2000 presidential elections, Taiwan underwent its first peaceful transfer of power with the KMT loss to the DPP and afterwards experienced two additional democratic transfers of power in 2008 and 2016. Throughout this period, the island prospered, became one of East Asia's economic \"Tigers,\" and after 2000 became a major investor in mainland China as cross-Strait ties matured. The dominant political issues continue to be economic reform and growth as well as management of sensitive relations between Taiwan and China." + "text": "First inhabited by Austronesian people, Taiwan became home to Han immigrants beginning in the late Ming Dynasty (17th century). In 1895, military defeat forced China's Qing Dynasty to cede Taiwan to Japan, which then governed Taiwan for 50 years. Taiwan came under Chinese Nationalist (Kuomintang, KMT) control after World War II. With the communist victory in the Chinese civil war in 1949, the Nationalist-controlled Republic of China government and 2 million Nationalists fled to Taiwan and continued to claim to be the legitimate government for mainland China and Taiwan, based on a 1947 constitution drawn up for all of China. Until 1987, however, the Nationalist Government ruled Taiwan under a civil war martial law declaration dating to 1948. Beginning in the 1970s, Nationalist authorities gradually began to incorporate the native population into the governing structure beyond the local level.

The democratization process expanded rapidly in the 1980s, leading to the then-illegal founding of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), Taiwan’s first opposition party, in 1986 and the lifting of martial law the following year. Taiwan held legislative elections in 1992, the first in over 40 years, and its first direct presidential election in 1996. In the 2000 presidential elections, Taiwan underwent its first peaceful transfer of power with the KMT loss to the DPP and afterwards experienced two additional democratic transfers of power in 2008 and 2016. Throughout this period, the island prospered and turned into one of East Asia's economic \"Tigers,\" becoming a major investor in mainland China after 2000 as cross-Strait ties matured. The dominant political issues continue to be economic reform and growth, as well as management of sensitive relations between Taiwan and China." } }, "Geography": { @@ -645,10 +645,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "14.7% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "13.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "2.3% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "2.5% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1015,15 +1015,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 29, container ship 53, general cargo 58, oil tanker 35, other 290" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Keelung (Chi-lung), Kaohsiung, Hualian, Taichung" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "8 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Kaohsiung (9,864,448), Taichung (1,979,222), Taipei (2,091,132) (2021)" + "large": { + "text": "1" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Yung An (Kaohsiung), Taichung" + "medium": { + "text": "3" + }, + "small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "8" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Chi-Lung, Hua-Lien Kang, Kao-Hsiung, Su-Ao" } } }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json index f4d68165..242ac4dc 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json @@ -838,10 +838,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "38.8% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "31.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "2.3% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "2.1% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1224,15 +1224,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 117, container ship 45, general cargo 1,176, oil tanker 134, other 501" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Cam Pha Port, Da Nang, Haiphong, Phu My, Quy Nhon" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "16 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Saigon (7,956,133), Cai Mep (5,385,289), Haiphong (5,695,839) (2021)" + "large": { + "text": "0" }, - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Ho Chi Minh (Mekong)" + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "6" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "9" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "12" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Da Nang, Hai Phong, Nghe Tinh, Nha Trang, Thanh Ho Chi Minh, Vinh Cam Ranh, Vung Tau" } } }, diff --git a/europe/al.json b/europe/al.json index cf02d2f3..15517303 100644 --- a/europe/al.json +++ b/europe/al.json @@ -1179,9 +1179,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 46, oil tanker 1, other 22" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Durres, Sarande, Shengjin, Vlore" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "3 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "0" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Durres, Shengjin, Vlores" } } }, diff --git a/europe/au.json b/europe/au.json index 75d5d156..a9472b46 100644 --- a/europe/au.json +++ b/europe/au.json @@ -815,10 +815,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "9.8% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "11.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "3.2% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1195,17 +1195,12 @@ "by type": { "text": "other 1" } - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Enns, Krems, Linz, Vienna (Danube)" - } } }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { "text": "Austrian Armed Forces (Bundesheer): Land Forces, Air Forces, Cyber Forces, Special Forces, Militia (reserves) (2024)", - "note": "note: the federal police maintain internal security and report to the Ministry of the Interior" + "note": "note 1: the federal police maintain internal security and report to the Ministry of the Interior

note 2: the militia is comprised of men and women who have done their basic military or training service and continue to perform a task in the armed forces; they are integrated into the military but have civilian jobs and only participate in exercises or operations; missions for the militia may include providing disaster relief, assisting security police, and protecting critical infrastructure (energy, water, etc.), as well as deployments on missions abroad" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2024": { @@ -1238,7 +1233,7 @@ "text": "170 Bosnia-Herzegovina (EUFOR stabilization force); 290 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); 170 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (2024)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the military’s primary responsibilities are national defense and protecting Austria’s neutrality; it also has some domestic security and disaster response responsibilities and contributes to international peacekeeping and humanitarian missions; Austria has been constitutionally militarily non-aligned since 1955 but is an EU member and actively participates in EU peacekeeping and crisis management operations under the EU Common Security and Defense Policy; Austria is not a member of NATO but joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace framework in 1995 and participates in some NATO-led crisis management and peacekeeping operations; it has provided troops to international peacekeeping missions in Bosnia and Herzegovina (EU), Kosovo (NATO), and Lebanon (UN) in recent years; more than 100,000 Austrian military and civilian personnel have taken part in more than 50 international peace support and humanitarian missions since 1960

the Land Forces comprise the bulk of the military, and they are organizationally divided between territorial and operational forces; each of the nine federal states has a military command that provides a link between the military and civil authorities; the main tasks of these commands include providing military assistance during disasters and supporting security police operations; these military commands have an infantry battalion, a militia battalion (Vienna has two), and typically a militia engineer/pioneer company at their disposal; the operational Land Forces are four combat brigades: a rapid reaction/”fast forces” (schnelle kräftewith) brigade with mechanized and motorized forces, an armored/mechanized infantry (panzer grenadier) brigade, a mountain infantry brigade (gebirgsbrigade), and a light infantry brigade (jägerbrigade) that includes airborne and air assault troops; the military also has separate special operations and cyber defense forces; the Air Forces have a small number of European-made multipurpose fighter aircraft

the militia is comprised of men and women who have done their basic military or training service and continue to perform a task in the armed forces; they are integrated into the military but have civilian jobs and only participate in exercises or operations; missions for the militia may include providing disaster relief, assisting security police, and protecting critical infrastructure (energy, water, etc.), as well as deployments on missions abroad (2023)" + "text": "the military’s primary responsibilities are national defense and protecting Austria’s neutrality; it also has some domestic security and disaster response responsibilities and contributes to international peacekeeping and humanitarian missions; Austria has been constitutionally militarily non-aligned since 1955 but is an EU member and actively participates in EU peacekeeping and crisis management operations under the EU Common Security and Defense Policy; Austria is not a member of NATO but joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace framework in 1995 and participates in some NATO-led crisis management and peacekeeping operations; it has provided troops to international peacekeeping missions in Bosnia and Herzegovina (EU), Kosovo (NATO), and Lebanon (UN) in recent years; more than 100,000 Austrian military and civilian personnel have taken part in more than 50 international peace support and humanitarian missions since 1960

the Land Forces comprise the bulk of the military, and they are organizationally divided between territorial and operational forces; each of the nine federal states has a military command that provides a link between the military and civil authorities; the main tasks of these commands include providing military assistance during disasters and supporting security police operations; these military commands have an infantry battalion, a militia battalion (Vienna has two), and typically a militia engineer/pioneer company at their disposal; the operational Land Forces are four combat brigades: a rapid reaction/”fast forces” (schnelle kräftewith) brigade with mechanized and motorized forces, an armored/mechanized infantry (panzer grenadier) brigade, a mountain infantry brigade (gebirgsbrigade), and a light infantry brigade (jägerbrigade) that includes airborne and air assault troops; the military also has separate special operations and cyber defense forces; the Air Forces have a small number of European-made multipurpose fighter aircraft (2024)" } }, "Space": { diff --git a/europe/be.json b/europe/be.json index ae016c4b..431d5832 100644 --- a/europe/be.json +++ b/europe/be.json @@ -803,10 +803,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "13.4% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "13.5% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "4.3% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "4% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1204,20 +1204,28 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 17, container ship 2, general cargo 16, oil tanker 21, other 142" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Oostende, Zeebrugge" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "7 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Antwerp (12,020,000) (2021)" + "large": { + "text": "1" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Zeebrugge" + "medium": { + "text": "2" }, - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Antwerp, Gent (Schelde River)" + "small": { + "text": "2" }, - "note": "Brussels (Senne River) Liege (Meuse River)" + "very small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "5" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Antwerpen, Bruxelles, Ghent, Oostende, Zeebrugge" + } } }, "Military and Security": { @@ -1261,10 +1269,10 @@ }, "Space": { "Space agency/agencies": { - "text": "Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy-Interfederal Space Agency of Belgium (BIRA-IASB; established 1964; IASB added 2017); Belgium Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) (2023)" + "text": "Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy-Interfederal Space Agency of Belgium (BIRA-IASB; established 1964; IASB added 2017); Belgium Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "founding member of the European Space Agency (ESA), which acts as the de facto Belgian space agency as most programs are carried out under the ESA or bi-laterally with its member states; builds satellites, particularly research/science/technology and remote sensing (RS) platforms; also researches, develops, and produces a wide variety of other space technologies, including telecommunications, optics, robotics, scientific instruments, and space launch vehicle (SLV) components; supports the ESA’s SLV program with economic assistance (6% of the funding for the Ariane-5 SLV, for example), as well as legal, scientific, and technological expertise; hosts the European Space Security and Education Center (established 1968); participates in international astronomy efforts, particularly through the European Southern Observatory (ESO); participates in multiple ESA and EU space-related programs and research efforts; in addition to the ESA and EU, has cooperated with a variety foreign space agencies and commercial entities, including those of Argentina, China, India, Russia, South Africa, UAE, Vietnam, and the US (2023)", + "text": "founding member of the European Space Agency (ESA), which acts as the de facto Belgian space agency as most programs are carried out under the ESA or bi-laterally with its member states; builds satellites, particularly research/science/technology and remote sensing (RS) platforms; also researches, develops, and produces a wide variety of other space technologies, including telecommunications, optics, robotics, scientific instruments, and space launch vehicle (SLV) components; supports the ESA’s SLV program with economic assistance (6% of the funding for the Ariane-5 SLV, for example), as well as legal, scientific, and technological expertise; hosts the European Space Security and Education Center (established 1968); participates in international astronomy efforts, particularly through the European Southern Observatory (ESO); participates in multiple ESA and EU space-related programs and research efforts; in addition to the ESA and EU and their individual country members, has cooperated with a variety foreign space agencies and commercial entities, including those of Argentina, China, India, Russia, South Africa, UAE, Vietnam, and the US (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S" } }, diff --git a/europe/bk.json b/europe/bk.json index e90f8901..498105c8 100644 --- a/europe/bk.json +++ b/europe/bk.json @@ -791,10 +791,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "30.7% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "30% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "9.2% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1163,9 +1163,27 @@ "Waterways": { "text": "990 km (2022) (Sava River on northern border; open to shipping but use limited)" }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Bosanska Gradiska, Bosanski Brod, Bosanski Samac, Brcko, Orasje (Sava River)" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "1 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "0" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Neum" } } }, diff --git a/europe/bo.json b/europe/bo.json index 39d51cc6..6e0c2c36 100644 --- a/europe/bo.json +++ b/europe/bo.json @@ -804,10 +804,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "32.3% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "32.1% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "7.2% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "7.7% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1207,11 +1207,6 @@ "by type": { "text": "other 4" } - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Mazyr (Prypyats')" - } } }, "Military and Security": { @@ -1252,10 +1247,10 @@ }, "Space": { "Space agency/agencies": { - "text": "Belarus Space Agency (aka National Agency for Space Research; established 2009) (2023)" + "text": "Belarus Space Agency (aka National Agency for Space Research; established 2009); National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "has a modest national space program focused on developing remote sensing (RS) satellites; jointly builds satellites with foreign partners; develops some space technologies and components for space equipment, including satellite payloads and associated technology, such as optics and imaging equipment; has cooperated with a variety of foreign space agencies and commercial entities, including those of Azerbaijan, China, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Ukraine; has a state-owned satellite company (2023)", + "text": "has a modest national space program focused on developing remote sensing (RS) satellites; jointly builds satellites with foreign partners; develops some space technologies and components for space equipment, including satellite payloads and associated technology, such as optics and imaging equipment; has cooperated with a variety of foreign space agencies and commercial entities, including those of Azerbaijan, China, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Ukraine; has a state-owned satellite company (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S" } }, diff --git a/europe/bu.json b/europe/bu.json index baed3adc..81fa0e09 100644 --- a/europe/bu.json +++ b/europe/bu.json @@ -807,10 +807,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "19.3% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "5% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "5.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1212,9 +1212,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 2, general cargo 13, oil tanker 8, other 55" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Burgas, Varna (Black Sea)" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "2 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "1" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "2" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Burgas, Varna" } } }, @@ -1257,10 +1275,10 @@ }, "Space": { "Space agency/agencies": { - "text": "Space Research and Technology Institute - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (SRTI-BAS; formed in 1987 but originated from the Central Laboratory for Space Research and the Bulgarian Aerospace Agency, which was established in 1969) (2023)" + "text": "Space Research and Technology Institute - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (SRTI-BAS; formed in 1987 but originated from the Central Laboratory for Space Research and the Bulgarian Aerospace Agency, which was established in 1969) (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "has a long history of involvement in space-related activities going back to the 1960s; develops, produces, and operates satellites, mostly with foreign partners; researches, develops, and produces other space technologies, including those related to astrophysics, remote sensing, data exploitation, optics, and electronics; has specialized in producing scientific instruments for space research; has more than 20 research institutes; Cooperating State of the European Space Agency (ESA) since 2015; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and commercial entities, including those of the ESA and EU (and bi-laterally with their member states), India, Japan, Russia, and the US (2023)", + "text": "has a long history of involvement in space-related activities going back to the 1960s; develops, produces, and operates satellites, mostly with foreign partners; researches, develops, and produces other space technologies, including those related to astrophysics, remote sensing, data exploitation, optics, and electronics; has specialized in producing scientific instruments for space research; has more than 20 research institutes; Cooperating State of the European Space Agency (ESA) since 2015; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and commercial entities, including those of the ESA and EU (and bi-laterally with their member states), India, Japan, Russia, and the US (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S" } }, diff --git a/europe/cy.json b/europe/cy.json index 0f47ce47..d9769f83 100644 --- a/europe/cy.json +++ b/europe/cy.json @@ -1177,11 +1177,28 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 243, container ship 154, general cargo 211, oil tanker 47, other 350" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "area under government control: Larnaca, Limassol, Vasilikos" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "6 (2024)" }, - "note": "area administered by Turkish Cypriots: Famagusta, Kyrenia" + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "3" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "3" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "4" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Dhekelia, Famagusta, Kyrenia, Larnaca, Limassol, Xeros" + } } }, "Military and Security": { diff --git a/europe/da.json b/europe/da.json index 4df4f874..af296403 100644 --- a/europe/da.json +++ b/europe/da.json @@ -806,10 +806,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "11.5% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "12.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "3.4% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1181,20 +1181,28 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 15, container ship 132, general cargo 69, oil tanker 107, other 392" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Baltic Sea - Aarhus, Copenhagen, Fredericia, Kalundborg" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "69 (2024)" }, - "cruise port(s)": { - "text": "Copenhagen" + "large": { + "text": "1" }, - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Aalborg (Langerak)" + "medium": { + "text": "2" }, - "dry bulk cargo port(s)": { - "text": "Ensted (coal)" + "small": { + "text": "30" }, - "note": "North Sea - Esbjerg," + "very small": { + "text": "36" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "33" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Abenra, Alborg, Arhus, Assens, Augustenborg, Bandholm, Esbjerg, Faborg, Fredericia, Frederikshavn, Haderslev, Holstebro-Stuer, Kalundborg, Kobenhavn, Kolding, Korsor, Marstal, Middelfart, Naestved, Nakskov, Nyborg, Nykobing, Odense, Randers, Ronne, Rudkobing, Sakskobing, Skagen Havn, Sonderborg, Stubbekobing, Studstrup, Svendborg, Vejle" + } } }, "Military and Security": { @@ -1238,10 +1246,10 @@ }, "Space": { "Space agency/agencies": { - "text": "no formal space agency; the Ministry of Higher Education and Science has responsibility for coordinating Danish space activities managing international cooperation; the Danish Space Research Institute (Dansk Rumforskningsinstitut (DRKI) was the country’s space agency from 1966-2005; DTU Space, National Space Institute, is Denmark’s national space institute (2023)" + "text": "no formal space agency; the Ministry of Higher Education and Science has responsibility for coordinating Danish space activities managing international cooperation; the Danish Space Research Institute (Dansk Rumforskningsinstitut (DRKI) was the country’s space agency from 1966-2005; DTU Space, National Space Institute, is Denmark’s national space institute (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "a member of the European Space Agency (ESA) and fully integrated within its structure; participates in ESA programs, particularly those linked to human spaceflight and satellite-based remote sensing activities, as well as technology programs involving telecommunications and navigation; independently builds and operates satellites, particularly those with meteorological, science, technology, and signal/traffic monitoring capabilities; in addition to cooperating with the ESA and EU, as well as bi-laterally with member states, it has relations with the space agencies and industries of Canada, India, Japan, and the US (2023)", + "text": "a member of the European Space Agency (ESA) and fully integrated within its structure; participates in ESA programs, particularly those linked to human spaceflight and satellite-based remote sensing activities, as well as technology programs involving telecommunications and navigation; independently builds and operates satellites, particularly those with meteorological, science, technology, and signal/traffic monitoring capabilities; conducts research and development of such technologies as measurement and instrumentation systems, microwaves, remote sensing, electromagnetic systems, astrophysics, geomagnetism, etc.; in addition to cooperating with the ESA and EU, as well as bi-laterally with member states, it has relations with the space agencies and industries of Canada, India, Japan, and the US (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S" } }, diff --git a/europe/ee.json b/europe/ee.json index e0de9c3b..31c90f0b 100644 --- a/europe/ee.json +++ b/europe/ee.json @@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, wheat, sugar beets, maize, barley, potatoes, grapes, pork, rapeseed, tomatoes (2022)", - "note": "note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage for all EU member states" + "note": "note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage for all EU member states" }, "Industries": { "text": "among the world's largest and most technologically advanced regions, the EU industrial base includes: ferrous and non-ferrous metal production and processing, metal products, petroleum, coal, cement, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, aerospace, rail transportation equipment, passenger and commercial vehicles, construction equipment, industrial equipment, shipbuilding, electrical power equipment, machine tools and automated manufacturing systems, electronics and telecommunications equipment, fishing, food and beverages, furniture, paper, textiles" @@ -600,11 +600,11 @@ }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "US 20%, UK 12%, China 9%, Switzerland 7%, Turkey 4% (2022)", - "note": "note: top five non-EU export partners based on percentage share of external exports; does not include internal trade among EU member states" + "note": "note: top five non-EU export partners based on percentage share of external exports; does not include internal trade among EU member states" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "cars, packaged medicine, refined petroleum, vaccines, vehicle parts/accessories (2022)", - "note": "note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars; includes both exports to external partners and internal trade among EU member states" + "note": "note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars; includes both exports to external partners and internal trade among EU member states" }, "Imports": { "Imports 2022": { @@ -620,11 +620,11 @@ }, "Imports - partners": { "text": "China 20%, US 11%, UK 8%, Norway 6%, Russia 6% (2022)", - "note": "note: top five non-EU import partners based on percentage share of external imports; does not include internal trade among EU member states" + "note": "note: top five non-EU import partners based on percentage share of external imports; does not include internal trade among EU member states" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "natural gas, crude petroleum, cars, refined petroleum, garments (2022)", - "note": "note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars; includes both imports from external partners and internal trade among EU member states" + "note": "note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars; includes both imports from external partners and internal trade among EU member states" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2014": { @@ -756,11 +756,6 @@ }, "Waterways": { "text": "42,000 km (2017) 42,000 km" - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major port(s)": { - "text": "Antwerp (Belgium), Barcelona (Spain), Braila (Romania), Bremen (Germany), Burgas (Bulgaria), Constanta (Romania), Copenhagen (Denmark), Galati (Romania), Gdansk (Poland), Hamburg (Germany), Helsinki (Finland), Las Palmas (Canary Islands, Spain), Le Havre (France), Lisbon (Portugal), Marseille (France), Naples (Italy), Peiraiefs or Piraeus (Greece), Riga (Latvia), Rotterdam (Netherlands), Split (Croatia), Stockholm (Sweden), Talinn (Estonia), Tulcea (Romania), Varna (Bulgaria)" - } } }, "Military and Security": { @@ -800,13 +795,13 @@ }, "Space": { "Space agency/agencies": { - "text": "the only EU agency dedicated to space is the EU Agency for the Space Program (EUSPA; established in 2021); the EUSPA originated with the Galileo Joint Undertaking (GJU) set up in 2002 by the European Community (EC) and the European Space Agency (ESA) to manage the development phase of Europe’s Galileo satellite navigation program; the GJU’s responsibilities were assumed by the European Global Navigation Satellite System Supervisory Authority (GSA) in 2007

the ESA (established 1975 from the European Launcher Development Organization and the European Space Research Organization, which were established in the early 1960s) is an independent organization although it maintains close ties with the EU through an ESA/EC Framework Agreement; the ESA and EC share a joint European Strategy for Space and have together developed a European Space Policy

the ESA has 22 member states; the national bodies responsible for space in these countries sit on ESA’s governing Council: Austria, Belgium, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the UK; Canada also sits on the Council and takes part in some projects under a Cooperation Agreement; Slovenia, Latvia, and Lithuania are Associate Members; Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Malta, and Slovakia have cooperation agreements with ESA; ESA has established formal cooperation with all member states of the EU that are not ESA members (2023)" + "text": "the only EU agency dedicated to space is the EU Agency for the Space Program (EUSPA; established in 2021); the EUSPA originated with the Galileo Joint Undertaking (GJU) set up in 2002 by the European Community (EC) and the European Space Agency (ESA) to manage the development phase of Europe’s Galileo satellite navigation program; the GJU’s responsibilities were assumed by the European Global Navigation Satellite System Supervisory Authority (GSA) in 2007

the ESA (established 1975 from the European Launcher Development Organization and the European Space Research Organization, which were established in the early 1960s) is an independent organization although it maintains close ties with the EU through an ESA/EC Framework Agreement; the ESA and EC share a joint European Strategy for Space and have together developed a European Space Policy

the ESA has 22 member states; the national bodies responsible for space in these countries sit on ESA’s governing Council: Austria, Belgium, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the UK; Canada also sits on the Council and takes part in some projects under a Cooperation Agreement;  Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia, and Slovenia are Associate Members; Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, and Malta have cooperation agreements with ESA; ESA has established formal cooperation with all member states of the EU that are not ESA members (2024)" }, "Space launch site(s)": { - "text": "ESA’s spaceport is located in Kourou, French Guiana; Europe also has or is developing commercial space ports in Italy, Norway, Sweden, and the UK, as well as maritime launch capabilities with a logistics base in Germany (2023)" + "text": "ESA’s spaceport is located in Kourou, French Guiana; Europe also has or is developing commercial space ports in Italy, Norway, Sweden, and the UK, as well as maritime launch capabilities with a logistics base in Germany (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "the EUSPA’s mission is to provide a link between European users and space technologies and capabilities, including remote sensing (RS), satellite navigation, and telecommunications; it is responsible for the operational management of the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) and Galileo satellite navigation programs; the EU has a space strategy, which includes encouraging investment in and the use of space services and data, fostering competition and innovation, developing space technologies, and reinforcing Europe’s autonomy in accessing space

the ESA is a comprehensive space agency and active across all areas of the space sector outside of launching humans into space, including producing and operating satellites with a full spectrum of capabilities (communications, multipurpose, navigational, RS, science/technology), satellite launch vehicles (SLVs), space launches, human space flight (has an astronaut training program), space transportation/automated transfer vehicles, re-usable spacecraft, space station modules, spacecraft components, robotic space labs, lunar/planetary surface rovers, interplanetary space probes and exploration, space telescopes, research, science, technology development, etc.; ESA also participates in international space programs such as the International Space Station and works closely with Europe’s commercial space industry; it also cooperates with a broad range of space agencies and industries of non-member countries, including China, Japan, Russia, and the US; many of its programs are conducted jointly, particularly with the US space program

Europe has a large and advanced commercial space sector capable of developing and producing a full range of capabilities and technologies; a key focus for both the ESA and EUSPA is encouraging the European commercial space sector; Europe is a global leader in satellite-based communications and hosts the headquarters of three of the world’s major satellite communications companies; in 2020, the European space economy, including manufacturing and services, employed over 230,000 professionals and was valued at more than 20% of the global space sector (2023)", + "text": "the EUSPA’s mission is to provide a link between European users and space technologies and capabilities, including remote sensing (RS), satellite navigation, and telecommunications; it is responsible for the operational management of the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) and Galileo satellite navigation programs; the EU has a space strategy, which includes encouraging investment in and the use of space services and data, fostering competition and innovation, developing space technologies, and reinforcing Europe’s autonomy in accessing space

the ESA is a comprehensive space agency and active across all areas of the space sector outside of launching humans into space, including producing and operating satellites with a full spectrum of capabilities (communications, multipurpose, navigational, RS, science/technology), satellite launch vehicles (SLVs), space launches, human space flight (has an astronaut training program), space transportation/automated transfer vehicles, re-usable spacecraft, space station modules, spacecraft components, robotic space labs, lunar/planetary surface rovers, interplanetary space probes and exploration, space telescopes, research, science, technology development, etc.; ESA also participates in international space programs such as the International Space Station and works closely with Europe’s commercial space industry; it also cooperates with a broad range of space agencies and industries of non-member countries, including China, Japan, Russia, and the US; many of its programs are conducted jointly, particularly with the US space program

Europe has a large and advanced commercial space sector capable of developing and producing a full range of capabilities and technologies; a key focus for both the ESA and EUSPA is encouraging the European commercial space sector; Europe is a global leader in satellite-based communications and hosts the headquarters of three of the world’s major satellite communications companies (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S" } }, diff --git a/europe/ei.json b/europe/ei.json index 5409694e..7004b0a6 100644 --- a/europe/ei.json +++ b/europe/ei.json @@ -788,10 +788,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "9% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "9.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "5.8% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "5.5% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1166,18 +1166,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 12, general cargo 32, oil tanker 1, other 49" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Dublin, Shannon Foynes" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "21 (2024)" }, - "cruise port(s)": { - "text": "Cork (250,000), Dublin (359,966) (2020)" + "large": { + "text": "1" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Dublin (529,563) (2016)" + "medium": { + "text": "3" }, - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Cork (Lee), Waterford (Suir)" + "small": { + "text": "3" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "14" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "8" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Cobh, Cork, Dublin, Foynes" } } }, diff --git a/europe/en.json b/europe/en.json index 3d4e1238..7fa7c75b 100644 --- a/europe/en.json +++ b/europe/en.json @@ -804,10 +804,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "20.3% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "20.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "7.8% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "7.8% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1179,9 +1179,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 3, oil tanker 3, other 66" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Kuivastu, Kunda, Muuga, Parnu Reid, Sillamae, Tallinn" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "20 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "4" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "4" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "11" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "5" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Muuga - Port of Tallin, Paldiski Lounasadam, Paljassaare, Sillamae, Vanasadam - Port of Tallinn" } } }, diff --git a/europe/ez.json b/europe/ez.json index a3aa0570..125d15c8 100644 --- a/europe/ez.json +++ b/europe/ez.json @@ -804,10 +804,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "16.3% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "16.1% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "8% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.1% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1189,12 +1189,6 @@ }, "Waterways": { "text": "664 km (2010) (principally on Elbe, Vltava, Oder, and other navigable rivers, lakes, and canals)" - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Prague (Vltava)" - }, - "note": "Decin, Usti nad Labem (Elbe)" } }, "Military and Security": { diff --git a/europe/fi.json b/europe/fi.json index 58dabeb0..18ec367b 100644 --- a/europe/fi.json +++ b/europe/fi.json @@ -818,10 +818,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "11.5% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "12% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "4.3% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "5% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1221,12 +1221,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 9, general cargo 75, oil tanker 4, other 194" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Helsinki, Kotka, Naantali, Porvoo, Raahe, Rauma" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "37 (2024)" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Hamina, Inkoo (operational 2023), Pori, Tornio Manga" + "large": { + "text": "5" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "7" + }, + "small": { + "text": "11" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "14" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "21" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Helsinki, Kaskinen, Kokkola, Kotka, Kristinestad, Mantyluoto, Oulu, Pietarsaari, Pori, Rauma, Turku, Vaasa" } } }, diff --git a/europe/fo.json b/europe/fo.json index d78a5dce..4d396330 100644 --- a/europe/fo.json +++ b/europe/fo.json @@ -908,9 +908,27 @@ "text": "container ships 6, general cargo 45, other 40" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Fuglafjordur, Torshavn, Vagur" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "9 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "9" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "5" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Fuglafjordur, Klaksvik, Kongshavn, Runavik, Sorvagur, Torshavn, Tvoroyri, Vagur, Vestmanna" } } }, diff --git a/europe/fr.json b/europe/fr.json index 9cce9628..2d110d10 100644 --- a/europe/fr.json +++ b/europe/fr.json @@ -850,10 +850,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "13.2% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "14.1% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "3.7% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.1% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1256,21 +1256,27 @@ }, "note": "note: includes Monaco" }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "
Atlantic Ocean: Brest, Calais, Dunkerque, Le Havre, Nantes
Mediterranean Sea: Marseille" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "66 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Le Havre (3,018,550) (2021)" + "large": { + "text": "6" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Dunkerque, Fos Cavaou, Fos Tonkin, Montoir de Bretagne" + "medium": { + "text": "12" }, - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Bordeaux (Garronne); Nantes - Saint Nazaire (Loire); Paris, Rouen (Seine); Strasbourg (Rhine)" + "small": { + "text": "22" }, - "cruise/ferry port(s)": { - "text": "Calais, Cherbourg, Le Havre" + "very small": { + "text": "26" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "31" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Bayonne, Bordeaux, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Dunkerque Port Est, Dunkerque Port Ouest, La Pallice, La Rochelle, Les Sables d'Olonne, Lorient, Montoir, Nantes, Le Havre, Rouen, Rade de Brest, Rade de Cherbourg, Rochefort, St. Nazaire, Toulon" } }, "Transportation - note": { @@ -1319,13 +1325,13 @@ }, "Space": { "Space agency/agencies": { - "text": "National Center for Space Studies (Centre National D'études Spatiales, CNES; established 1961); established a military Space Command (Le Commandement de l’Espace, CDE) under the Air and Space Force, 2020 (2023)" + "text": "National Center for Space Studies (Centre National D'études Spatiales, CNES; established 1961); established a military Space Command (Le Commandement de l’Espace, CDE) under the Air and Space Force, 2020 (2024)" }, "Space launch site(s)": { - "text": "Guiana Space Center (Kourou, French Guiana; also serves as the spaceport for the ESA); note – prior to the completion of the Guiana Space Center in 1969, France launched rockets from Algeria (2023)" + "text": "Guiana Space Center (Kourou, French Guiana; also serves as the spaceport for the ESA); note – prior to the completion of the Guiana Space Center in 1969, France launched rockets from Algeria (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "has one of Europe’s largest space programs and is a key member of the European Space Agency (ESA), as well as one of its largest contributors; has independent capabilities in all areas of space categories except for autonomous manned space flight; can build, launch, and operate a range of space/satellite launch vehicles (SLVs) and spacecraft, including exploratory probes and a full spectrum of satellites; trained astronauts until training mission shifted to ESA in 2001; develops a wide range of space-related technologies; hosts the ESA headquarters; participates in international space programs such as the Square Kilometer Array Project (world’s largest radio telescope) and International Space Station (ISS); cooperates with a broad range of space agencies and commercial space companies, including those of China, Egypt, individual ESA member countries, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Mexico, Russia, the UAE, the US, and several African countries; has a large commercial space sector involved in such areas as satellite construction and payloads, launch capabilities, and a range of other space-related capabilities and technologies (2023)", + "text": "has one of Europe’s largest space programs and is a key member of the European Space Agency (ESA), as well as one of its largest contributors; has independent capabilities in all areas of space categories except for autonomous manned space flight; can build, launch, and operate a range of space/satellite launch vehicles (SLVs) and spacecraft, including exploratory probes and a full spectrum of satellites; trained astronauts until training mission shifted to ESA in 2001; develops a wide range of space-related technologies; hosts the ESA headquarters; participates in international space programs such as the Square Kilometer Array Project (world’s largest radio telescope) and International Space Station (ISS); cooperates with a broad range of space agencies and commercial space companies, including those of China, Egypt, individual ESA and EU member countries, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Mexico, Russia, the UAE, the US, and several African countries; has a large commercial space sector involved in such areas as satellite construction and payloads, launch capabilities, and a range of other space-related capabilities and technologies (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S" } }, diff --git a/europe/gi.json b/europe/gi.json index e4fb37d9..46f4341b 100644 --- a/europe/gi.json +++ b/europe/gi.json @@ -784,9 +784,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 8, container ship 5, general cargo 31, oil tanker 16, other 69" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Gibraltar" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "1 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Europa Point" } } }, diff --git a/europe/gk.json b/europe/gk.json index 9b79440f..9d6bb620 100644 --- a/europe/gk.json +++ b/europe/gk.json @@ -638,9 +638,27 @@ "text": "260 km (2017)" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Braye Bay, Saint Peter Port" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "3 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "2" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Alderney Harbour, Saint Peter Port, Saint Sampson" } } }, diff --git a/europe/gm.json b/europe/gm.json index 6a9242a2..febd291b 100644 --- a/europe/gm.json +++ b/europe/gm.json @@ -832,10 +832,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "10.7% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "12% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "3.2% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.5% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1233,21 +1233,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 1, container ship 69, general cargo 82, oil tanker 32, other 411" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "
Baltic Sea: Kiel, Rostock
North Sea: Bremerhaven, Brunsbuttel, Emden, Hamburg, Wilhelmshaven" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "35 (2024)" }, - "oil terminal(s)": { - "text": "Brunsbuttel Canal terminals" + "large": { + "text": "5" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Bremen/Bremerhaven (5,018,900), Hamburg (8,715,000) (2021)" + "medium": { + "text": "4" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Hamburg; Brunsbuettel (FSRU); Lubmin (FSRU); Wilhelmshaven (FSRU)" + "small": { + "text": "11" }, - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Bremen (Weser); Bremerhaven (Geeste); Duisburg, Karlsruhe, Neuss-Dusseldorf (Rhine); Lubeck (Wakenitz); Brunsbuttel, Hamburg (Elbe)" + "very small": { + "text": "15" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "12" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Brake, Bremen, Bremerhaven, Cuxhaven, Emden, Hamburg, Kiel, Lubeck, Rostock" } } }, @@ -1293,13 +1299,13 @@ }, "Space": { "Space agency/agencies": { - "text": "German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, DLR; established 1997); predecessor organization, German Test and Research Institute for Aviation and Space Flight, was established in 1969; note – the Federal Republic of Germany was allowed to research space flight after gaining sovereignty in 1955 (2023)" + "text": "German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, DLR; established 1997); predecessor organization, German Test and Research Institute for Aviation and Space Flight, was established in 1969; note – the Federal Republic of Germany was allowed to research space flight after gaining sovereignty in 1955 (2024)" }, "Space launch site(s)": { - "text": "none; launched an initiative in 2020 with the aim of launching SLVs from a floating, mobile platform in the North Sea, with a logistics base in Bremerhaven (2023)" + "text": "establishing a commercial ship-based launch pad 350 kms (217 miles) off the German coast in the remotest corner of its exclusive economic zone; each launch is to be supervised by a control ship and a multifunctional mission control center in Bremen, Germany; the launch ship will be based out of Bremerhaven (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "has one of Europe’s largest space programs; is a key member of the European Space Agency (ESA) and one of its largest contributors; builds and operates satellites, satellite/space launch vehicles (SLVs), space probes, unmanned orbiters, and reusable space planes; conducts research and develops a range of other space-related capabilities technologies, including satellite payloads (cameras, remote sensing, communications, optics, sensors, etc.), rockets and rocket propulsion, propulsion assisted landing technologies, and aeronautics; participates in ESA’s astronaut training program and human space flight operations and hosts the European Astronaut Center; participates in other international space programs, such as the International Space Station (ISS); hosts the mission control centers for the ISS and the ESA, as well as the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT); in addition to ESA/EU and their member states, has ties to a range of foreign space programs, including those of China, Japan, Russia, and the US; has a robust commercial space industry sector that develops a broad range of space capabilities, including satellite launchers, and cooperates closely with DLR, ESA, and other international commercial entities and government agencies (2023)", + "text": "has one of Europe’s largest space programs; is a key member of the European Space Agency (ESA) and one of its largest contributors; builds and operates satellites, satellite/space launch vehicles (SLVs), space probes, unmanned orbiters, and reusable space planes; conducts research and develops a range of other space-related capabilities technologies, including satellite payloads (cameras, remote sensing, communications, optics, sensors, etc.), rockets and rocket propulsion, propulsion assisted landing technologies, and aeronautics; participates in ESA’s astronaut training program and human space flight operations and hosts the European Astronaut Center; participates in other international space programs, such as the International Space Station (ISS); hosts the mission control centers for the ISS and the ESA, as well as the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT); in addition to ESA/EU and their member states, has ties to a range of foreign space programs, including those of China, Japan, Russia, and the US; has a robust commercial space industry sector that develops a broad range of space capabilities, including satellite launchers, and cooperates closely with DLR, ESA, and other international commercial entities and government agencies (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S" } }, diff --git a/europe/gr.json b/europe/gr.json index 08b51ab0..6c938543 100644 --- a/europe/gr.json +++ b/europe/gr.json @@ -807,10 +807,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "17.1% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "17.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "4.9% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.8% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1185,18 +1185,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 132, container ship 4, general cargo 79, oil tanker 299, other 701" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Aspropyrgos, Pachi, Piraeus, Thessaloniki" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "57 (2024)" }, - "oil terminal(s)": { - "text": "Agioi Theodoroi" + "large": { + "text": "1" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Piraeus (5,311,810) (2021)" + "medium": { + "text": "7" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Revithoussa" + "small": { + "text": "7" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "42" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "13" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Alexandroupoli, Iraklion, Kerkira, Ormos Aliveriou, Piraievs, Soudha, Thessaloniki, Volos" } } }, diff --git a/europe/hr.json b/europe/hr.json index c5a0992a..5a7baa76 100644 --- a/europe/hr.json +++ b/europe/hr.json @@ -583,12 +583,12 @@ "text": "unicameral Assembly or Hrvatski Sabor (151 seats; 140 members in 10 multi-seat constituencies and 3 members in a single constituency for Croatian diaspora directly elected by proportional representation vote using the D'Hondt method with a 5% threshold; an additional 8 members elected from a nationwide constituency by simple majority by voters belonging to minorities recognized by Croatia; the Serb minority elects 3 Assembly members, the Hungarian and Italian minorities elect 1 each, the Czech and Slovak minorities elect 1 jointly, and all other minorities elect 2; all members serve 4-year terms" }, "elections": { - "text": "last election held on 17 April 2024" + "text": "last election held on 17 April 2024 (next to be held by April 2028)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - HDZ-led coalition 37.3%, Restart coalition 24.9%, DP-led coalition 10.9%, MOST 7.4%, Green-Left coalition 7%, P-F-SSIP 4%, HNS-LD 1.3%, NS-R 1%, other 6.2%; seats by party/coalition - HDZ-led coalition 66, Restart coalition 41, DP-led coalition 16, MOST 8, Green-Left coalition 7, P-F-SSIP 3, HNS-LD 1, NS-R 1, national minorities 8; composition - men 100, women 51, percentage women 33.8%" + "text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - HDZ-led coalition 40.4%, SDP 27.8%, DP 9.3%, MOST 7.3%, We Can! 6.6%, SDSS 2.0%, Independents 1.3%, NPS 1.3%, IDS 1.3%, Bosniaks Together 0.7%, DZMH 0.7%, Focus 0.7%, SRRH 0.7%; seats by party/coalition - HDZ-led coalition 61, SDP 42, DP 14, MOST 11, We Can! 10, SDSS 3, Independents 2, NPS 2, IDS 2, Bosniaks Together 1, DZMH 1, Focus 1, SRRH 1; composition - N/A" }, - "note": "note: seats by party as of January 2024 - HDZ 62, SDP 14, Social Democrats 11, MOST 7, DP 5, HS 4, We Can! 4, HSS 3, SDSS 3, Focus 2, HDS 2, HSLS 2, IDS 2, BLOK 1, Center 1, GLAS 1, HNS 1, HRB 1, NS-R 1, NL 1, OIP 1, PH 1, RF 1, SSIP 1, independent 19" + "note": "note: on 14 March 2024, the Assembly voted unanimously to dissolve, prompting the April 2024 snap election" }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { @@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Bloc for Croatia or BLOK or BZH [Zlatko HASANBEGOVIC]
The Bridge or MOST [Bozo PETROV] (formerly the Bridge of Independent Lists)
Center or Centar [Ivica PULJAK] (formerly Pametno and Party with a First and Last Name or SSIP) 
Civic Liberal Alliance or GLAS [Ankar Mrak TARITAS]
Croatian Demochristian Party or HDS [Goran DODIG]
Croatian Democratic Alliance of Slavonia and Baranja or HDSSB [Branimir GLAVAS]
Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ [Andrej PLENKOVIC]
Croatian Democratic Union-led coalition (includes HSLS, HDS, HDSSB)
Croatian Party of Pensioners or HSU [Veselko GABRICEVIC]
Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [Kreso BELJAK]
Croatian People's Party - Liberal Democrats or HNS or HNS-LD [Mirko KOROTAJ, acting]
Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS [Dario HREBAK]
Croatian Sovereignists or HS [Marijan PAVLICEK]
Determination and Justice Party or OIP [Karolina Vidović KRISTO]
Focus on the Important or Focus [Davor NADI]
Green-Left coalition [collective leadership] (includes MOZEMO!, NL)
Homeland Movement or DP [Ivan PENAVA] (also known as Miroslav Škoro Homeland Movement or DPMS)
Independent Democratic Serb Party or SDSS [Milorad PUPOVAC]
Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS [Dalibor PAUS]
New Left or NL [Ivana KEKIN]
People's Party - Reformists or NS-R [Radimir CACIC]
Pulse of Croatia or HRB [Ante PRKACIN]
Restart Coalition (includes SDP, HSS, HSU, GLAS, IDS, NS-R)
Righteous Croatia or PH [Milan VRKLJAN]
Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP [Peda GRBIN]
Social Democrats or SD [Davorko VIDOVIC]
We Can! or Mozemo! [collective leadership]
Workers' Front or RF [collective leadership]

" + "text": "Bosniaks Together
The Bridge or MOST [Bozo PETROV] (formerly the Bridge of Independent Lists)
Croatia Romani Union Kali Sara (SRRH)
Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ [Andrej PLENKOVIC]
Democratic Union of Hungarians in Croatia (DZMH) [Robert JANKOVICS]
Focus or Fokus [Davor NADI]
Homeland Movement or DP [Ivan PENAVA] (also known as Miroslav Škoro Homeland Movement or DPMS)
Independent Democratic Serb Party or SDSS [Milorad PUPOVAC]
Independent Platform of the North (NPS) [Matija POSAVEC]
Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS [Dalibor PAUS]
Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP [Peda GRBIN]
We Can! or Mozemo! [collective leadership]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "AIIB, Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EMU, EU, FAO, G-11, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NAM (observer), NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" @@ -824,10 +824,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "23% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "2.3% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "6.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1203,18 +1203,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 10, general cargo 32, oil tanker 14, other 328" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Ploce, Rijeka, Sibenik, Split" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "16 (2024)" }, - "oil terminal(s)": { - "text": "Omisalj" + "large": { + "text": "2" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Krk Island" + "medium": { + "text": "0" }, - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Vukovar (Danube)" + "small": { + "text": "6" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "8" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "8" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Bakar, Dubrovnik, Omisalj, Rijeka Luka, Rovinj, Sibenik, Split, Zadar" } } }, diff --git a/europe/hu.json b/europe/hu.json index a7e5309a..a6d87083 100644 --- a/europe/hu.json +++ b/europe/hu.json @@ -822,10 +822,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "18.2% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "18% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "7.3% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "7.7% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1216,11 +1216,6 @@ "by type": { "text": "other 1" } - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Baja, Csepel (Budapest), Dunaujvaros, Gyor-Gonyu, Mohacs (Danube)" - } } }, "Military and Security": { diff --git a/europe/ic.json b/europe/ic.json index bad64e7d..3051545b 100644 --- a/europe/ic.json +++ b/europe/ic.json @@ -1142,9 +1142,30 @@ "text": "general cargo 5, oil tanker 2, other 32" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Grundartangi, Hafnarfjordur, Reykjavik" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "43 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "2" + }, + "small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "17" + }, + "size unknown": { + "text": "22" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "5" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Grundartangi, Reykjavik, Seydhisfjordhur, Vestmannaeyjar" } } }, diff --git a/europe/im.json b/europe/im.json index 0a5ca131..01ac97dd 100644 --- a/europe/im.json +++ b/europe/im.json @@ -693,8 +693,26 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 102, container ship 6, general cargo 27, oil tanker 56, other 78" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "2 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { "text": "Douglas, Ramsey" } } diff --git a/europe/it.json b/europe/it.json index 8dd9c151..a1115831 100644 --- a/europe/it.json +++ b/europe/it.json @@ -811,10 +811,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "14.2% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "15.5% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "4.1% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.4% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1207,18 +1207,30 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 17, container ship 6, general cargo 109, oil tanker 95, other 1,049" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Augusta, Cagliari, Genoa, Livorno, Taranto, Trieste, Venice" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "123 (2024)" }, - "oil terminal(s)": { - "text": "Melilli (Santa Panagia) oil terminal, Sarroch oil terminal" + "large": { + "text": "12" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Genoa (2,557,847), Gioia Tauro (3,146,553) (2021)" + "medium": { + "text": "11" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Panigaglia (La Spezia), Adriatic (Porto Levante), Oristano (Sardinia), Ravenna, Toscana (Livorno)" + "small": { + "text": "71" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "28" + }, + "size unknown": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "33" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Brindisi, Civitavecchia, Genova, Gioia Tauro, La Spezia, Livorno, Messina, Napoli, Porto Di Lido-Venezia, Siracusa, Taranto, Trieste" } } }, diff --git a/europe/je.json b/europe/je.json index 083cb01c..64bce556 100644 --- a/europe/je.json +++ b/europe/je.json @@ -692,9 +692,27 @@ "text": "576 km (2010)" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Gorey, Saint Aubin, Saint Helier" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "1 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Saint Helier Harbour" } } }, diff --git a/europe/jn.json b/europe/jn.json index 3a79b266..b4b4804d 100644 --- a/europe/jn.json +++ b/europe/jn.json @@ -140,9 +140,6 @@ } }, "Transportation": { - "Ports and terminals": { - "text": "none; offshore anchorage only" - } }, "Military and Security": { "Military - note": { diff --git a/europe/lg.json b/europe/lg.json index ecb19b27..c84ea2f0 100644 --- a/europe/lg.json +++ b/europe/lg.json @@ -800,10 +800,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "17.3% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "7.9% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "7.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1175,9 +1175,27 @@ "text": "container ship 2, general cargo 30, oil tanker 10, other 41" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Riga, Ventspils" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "5 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "1" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "2" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "3" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Lielupe, Liepaja, Riga, Salacgriva, Ventspils" } } }, diff --git a/europe/lh.json b/europe/lh.json index 45266c33..aaaba22f 100644 --- a/europe/lh.json +++ b/europe/lh.json @@ -563,10 +563,10 @@ "text": "Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president, approved by Parliament" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 12 and 26 May 2019 (next to be held on 12 May 2024); prime minister appointed by the president, approved by Parliament" + "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); first round of the election held on 12 May 204 (runoff to be held on 12 May 2024); prime minister appointed by the president, approved by Parliament" }, "election results": { - "text": "
2019: Gitanas NAUSEDA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Gitanas NAUSEDA (independent) 66.7%, Ingrida SIMONYTE (independent) 33.3%

2014: Dalia GRYBAUSKAITE elected president; percent of vote - Dalia GRYBAUSKAITE (independent) 59.1%, Zigmantas BALCYTIS (Social Democratic Party) 40.9%" + "text": "
2024: Gitanas NAUSEDA elected president in the first round; percent of vote -Gitanas NAUSEDA (independent) 44.5%, Ingrida SIMONYTE (independent) 20.0%, Ignas VEGELE 12.5%, Remigijus ZEMAITAITIS 9.3%, and Eduardas VAITKUS 7.4%

2019: Gitanas NAUSEDA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Gitanas NAUSEDA (independent) 66.7%, Ingrida SIMONYTE (independent) 33.3%

2014: Dalia GRYBAUSKAITE elected president; percent of vote - Dalia GRYBAUSKAITE (independent) 59.1%, Zigmantas BALCYTIS (Social Democratic Party) 40.9%" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -810,10 +810,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "21.2% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "21% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "5.9% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "5.9% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1205,15 +1205,27 @@ "text": "container ship 3, general cargo 19, oil tanker 2, other 35" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Klaipeda" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "2 (2024)" }, - "oil terminal(s)": { - "text": "Butinge oil terminal" + "large": { + "text": "0" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Klaipeda" + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "2" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Butinge Oil Terminal, Klaipeda" } } }, diff --git a/europe/lo.json b/europe/lo.json index 73e70a9f..c13229fa 100644 --- a/europe/lo.json +++ b/europe/lo.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Slovakia traces its roots to the 9th century state of Great Moravia. Subsequently, the Slovaks became part of the Hungarian Kingdom, where they remained for the next 1,000 years. After the formation of the dual Austro-Hungarian monarchy in 1867, backlash to language and education policies favoring the use of Hungarian (Magyarization) encouraged the strengthening of Slovak nationalism and a cultivation of cultural ties with the closely related Czechs, who fell administratively under the Austrian half of the empire. After the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the close of World War I, the Slovaks joined the Czechs to form Czechoslovakia. The new state was envisioned as a nation with Czech and Slovak branches. During the interwar period, Slovak nationalist leaders pushed for autonomy within Czechoslovakia, and in 1939 Slovakia became an independent state created by and allied with Nazi Germany. Following World War II, Czechoslovakia was reconstituted and came under communist rule within Soviet-dominated Eastern Europe. In 1968, an invasion by Warsaw Pact troops ended the efforts of Czechoslovakia's leaders to liberalize communist rule and create \"socialism with a human face,\" ushering in a period of repression known as \"normalization.\" The peaceful \"Velvet Revolution\" swept the Communist Party from power at the end of 1989 and inaugurated a return to democratic rule and a market economy. On 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia underwent a nonviolent \"velvet divorce\" into its two national components, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Slovakia joined both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004 and the euro zone on 1 January 2009." + "text": "Slovakia traces its roots to the 9th century state of Great Moravia. The Slovaks then became part of the Hungarian Kingdom, where they remained for the next 1,000 years. After the formation of the dual Austro-Hungarian monarchy in 1867, language and education policies favoring the use of Hungarian (known as \"Magyarization\") led to a public backlash that boosted Slovak nationalism and strengthened Slovak cultural ties with the closely related Czechs, who fell administratively under the Austrian half of the empire. When the Austro-Hungarian Empire dissolved at the end of World War I, the Slovaks joined the Czechs to form Czechoslovakia. During the interwar period, Slovak nationalist leaders pushed for autonomy within Czechoslovakia, and in 1939, in the wake of Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland, the newly established Slovak Republic became a German client state for the remainder of World War II.

After World War II, Czechoslovakia was reconstituted and came under communist rule within Soviet-dominated Eastern Europe. In 1968, Warsaw Pact troops invaded and ended the efforts of Czechoslovakia's leaders to liberalize communist rule and create \"socialism with a human face,\" ushering in a period of repression known as \"normalization.\" The peaceful Velvet Revolution swept the Communist Party from power at the end of 1989 and inaugurated a return to democratic rule and a market economy. On 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia underwent a nonviolent \"velvet divorce\" into its two national components, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Slovakia joined both NATO and the EU in 2004 and the euro zone in 2009." } }, "Geography": { @@ -801,10 +801,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "18.4% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "5% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "5.4% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1184,11 +1184,6 @@ }, "Waterways": { "text": "172 km (2012) (on Danube River)" - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Bratislava, Komarno (Danube)" - } } }, "Military and Security": { diff --git a/europe/lu.json b/europe/lu.json index ce5624a9..17e0395b 100644 --- a/europe/lu.json +++ b/europe/lu.json @@ -1152,11 +1152,6 @@ "by type": { "text": "bulk carrier 3, container ship 1, general cargo 24, oil tanker 4, other 115" } - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Mertert (Moselle)" - } } }, "Military and Security": { diff --git a/europe/mj.json b/europe/mj.json index 41d1166c..7f375ecd 100644 --- a/europe/mj.json +++ b/europe/mj.json @@ -823,10 +823,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "27.5% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "27.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "6.8% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "5.1% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1201,9 +1201,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 4, other 14" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Bar" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "4 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "3" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Bar, Kotor, Risan, Tivat" } } }, diff --git a/europe/mn.json b/europe/mn.json index 45c5a91c..9a6a3e49 100644 --- a/europe/mn.json +++ b/europe/mn.json @@ -777,9 +777,27 @@ "text": "1" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Hercules Port" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "1 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "0" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Monaco" } } }, diff --git a/europe/mt.json b/europe/mt.json index 81a5c8d6..1fd26bbb 100644 --- a/europe/mt.json +++ b/europe/mt.json @@ -1133,15 +1133,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 490, container ship 348, general cargo 152, oil tanker 354, other 613" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Marsaxlokk (Malta Freeport), Valletta" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "2 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Marsaxlokk (2,967,765) (2021)" + "large": { + "text": "0" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Delimara" + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "0" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Marsaxlokk, Valletta Harbors" } } }, diff --git a/europe/nl.json b/europe/nl.json index 17d63e9c..5bbd5d55 100644 --- a/europe/nl.json +++ b/europe/nl.json @@ -816,10 +816,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "11.4% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "12.1% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "3.3% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1212,18 +1212,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 11, container ship 36, general cargo 521, oil tanker 27, other 592" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "IJmuiden, Vlissingen" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "18 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Rotterdam (15,300,000) (2021)" + "large": { + "text": "2" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Gate (Rotterdam)" + "medium": { + "text": "4" }, - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Amsterdam (Nordsee Kanaal); Moerdijk (Hollands Diep River); Rotterdam (Rhine River); Terneuzen (Western Scheldt River)" + "small": { + "text": "5" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "7" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "12" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Amsterdam, Dordrecht, Europoort, Rotterdam, Terneuzen, Vlissingen" } } }, diff --git a/europe/no.json b/europe/no.json index 5facc4af..32552964 100644 --- a/europe/no.json +++ b/europe/no.json @@ -805,10 +805,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "11.7% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "12.5% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "4.1% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1175,15 +1175,30 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 109, container ship 1, general cargo 274, oil tanker 95, other 1,241" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Bergen, Haugesund, Maaloy, Mongstad, Narvik, Sture" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "141 (2024)" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (export)": { - "text": "Kamoy, Kollsnes, Melkoya Island, Tjeldbergodden" + "large": { + "text": "1" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Fredrikstad, Mosjoen" + "medium": { + "text": "10" + }, + "small": { + "text": "34" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "90" + }, + "size unknown": { + "text": "6" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "54" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Bergen, Drammen, Hammerfest, Harstad, Horten, Karsto, Mongstad, Oslo, Stavanger, Tromso, Trondheim" } } }, diff --git a/europe/pl.json b/europe/pl.json index 362534f9..f9d28ea9 100644 --- a/europe/pl.json +++ b/europe/pl.json @@ -831,10 +831,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "16.7% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "17.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "5.7% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "6.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1206,18 +1206,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 6, oil tanker 6, other 140" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Gdansk, Gdynia, Swinoujscie" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "10 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Gdansk (2,117,829) (2021)" + "large": { + "text": "2" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Swinoujscie" + "medium": { + "text": "2" }, - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Szczecin (River Oder)" + "small": { + "text": "4" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "5" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Gdansk, Gdynia, Port Polnochny, Szczecin" } } }, diff --git a/europe/po.json b/europe/po.json index 06f40866..9743d37c 100644 --- a/europe/po.json +++ b/europe/po.json @@ -808,10 +808,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "16.6% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "17.5% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "3.2% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.1% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1183,15 +1183,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 110, container ship 299, general cargo 191, oil tanker 29, other 259" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Leixoes, Lisbon, Setubal, Sines" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "18 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Sines (1,420,000) (2019)" + "large": { + "text": "3" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Sines" + "medium": { + "text": "2" + }, + "small": { + "text": "4" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "9" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "5" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Aveiro, Funchal, Lagos, Lisboa, Sines" } } }, diff --git a/europe/ri.json b/europe/ri.json index 653673eb..80efe70a 100644 --- a/europe/ri.json +++ b/europe/ri.json @@ -830,10 +830,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "25.6% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "24.1% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "7% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.4% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1190,11 +1190,6 @@ }, "Waterways": { "text": "587 km (2009) (primarily on the Danube and Sava Rivers)" - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Belgrade (Danube)" - } } }, "Military and Security": { diff --git a/europe/ro.json b/europe/ro.json index 277472c5..28902525 100644 --- a/europe/ro.json +++ b/europe/ro.json @@ -819,10 +819,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "27.3% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "25.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "5.7% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "5.5% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1217,12 +1217,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 9, oil tanker 7, other 111" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Constanta, Midia" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "11 (2024)" }, - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Braila, Galati (Galatz), Mancanului (Giurgiu), Tulcea (Danube River)" + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "2" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "8" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "4" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Basarabi, Braila, Cernavoda, Constanta, Danube-Black Sea Canal, Galati, Mangalia, Medgidia, Midia, Sulina, Tulcea" } } }, diff --git a/europe/si.json b/europe/si.json index 0c8fcdbe..38c5e18a 100644 --- a/europe/si.json +++ b/europe/si.json @@ -798,10 +798,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "14.6% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "14.9% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "5.1% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.9% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1193,9 +1193,27 @@ "text": "other 8" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Koper" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "2 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "0" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Koper, Piran" } } }, diff --git a/europe/sp.json b/europe/sp.json index f5b1ee8b..1f7a2a3e 100644 --- a/europe/sp.json +++ b/europe/sp.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

Spain's powerful world empire of the 16th and 17th centuries ultimately yielded command of the seas to England. Subsequent failure to embrace the mercantile and industrial revolutions caused the country to fall behind Britain, France, and Germany in economic and political power. Spain remained neutral in World War I and II but suffered through a devastating civil war (1936-39). A peaceful transition to democracy following the death of dictator Francisco FRANCO in 1975, and rapid economic modernization (Spain joined the EU in 1986) gave Spain a dynamic and rapidly growing economy, and made it a global champion of freedom and human rights. More recently, Spain has emerged from a severe economic recession that began in mid-2008, posting solid years of GDP growth above the EU average. Unemployment has fallen but remains high, especially among youth. Spain is the euro-zone's fourth-largest economy. The country has faced increased domestic turmoil in recent years due to the independence movement in its restive Catalonia region.

" + "text": "

Spain's powerful world empire of the 16th and 17th centuries ultimately yielded command of the seas to England. Subsequent failure to embrace the mercantile and industrial revolutions caused the country to fall behind Britain, France, and Germany in economic and political power. Spain remained neutral during both World Wars but suffered through a devastating civil war (1936-39). A peaceful transition to democracy after the death of dictator Francisco FRANCO in 1975 and rapid economic modernization after Spain joined the EU in 1986 gave Spain a dynamic and rapidly growing economy. After a severe recession in the wake of the global financial crisis in 2008, Spain has posted solid years of GDP growth above the EU average. Unemployment has fallen but remains high, especially among youth. Spain is the euro-zone's fourth-largest economy. The country has faced increased domestic turmoil in recent years due to the independence movement in its restive Catalonia region.

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -819,10 +819,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "12.1% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "13.1% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "3.5% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "4% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1217,18 +1217,30 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 1, general cargo 33, oil tanker 24, other 445" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "
Atlantic Ocean: Bilbao, Huelva; Las Palmas, Santa Cruz de Tenerife (in the Canary Islands)
Mediterranean Sea: Algeciras, Barcelona, Cartagena, Tarragona, Valencia" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "52 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Algeciras (4,799,497), Barcelona (3,531,762), Valencia (5,604,478) (2021)" + "large": { + "text": "3" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Barcelona, Bilbao, Cartagena, El Musel, Huelva, Mugardos, Sagunto" + "medium": { + "text": "14" }, - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Seville (Guadalquivir River)" + "small": { + "text": "9" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "24" + }, + "size unknown": { + "text": "2" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "13" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Alicante, Barcelona, Cadiz, Ceuta, Ferrol, Huelva, Las Palmas, Malaga, Palma De Mallorca, Puerto De Bilbao, Puerto De Pasajes, Santa Cruz De Tenerife, Santander, Sevilla, Tarragona, Valencia, Vigo" } } }, diff --git a/europe/sv.json b/europe/sv.json index 4b605fa5..c2b448ba 100644 --- a/europe/sv.json +++ b/europe/sv.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "The archipelago may have been first discovered by Norse explorers in the 12th century; the islands served as an international whaling base during the 17th and 18th centuries. Norway's sovereignty was internationally recognized by treaty in 1920, and five years later it officially took over the territory. In the 20th century, coal mining started and today a Norwegian and a Russian company are still functioning. Travel between the settlements is accomplished with snowmobiles, aircraft, and boats." + "text": "Norse explorers may have first discovered the Svalbard archipelago in the 12th century. The islands served as an international whaling base during the 17th and 18th centuries. Norway's sovereignty was internationally recognized by treaty in 1920, and five years later Norway officially took over the territory. Coal mining started in the 20th century, and a Norwegian company and a Russian company are still in operation today. Travel between the settlements is accomplished with snowmobiles, aircraft, and boats." } }, "Geography": { @@ -286,9 +286,27 @@ "text": "40 km (2020)" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "3 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "3" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "0" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny Alesund" } } }, diff --git a/europe/sw.json b/europe/sw.json index ce60eed7..f403cf92 100644 --- a/europe/sw.json +++ b/europe/sw.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

A military power during the 17th century, Sweden maintained a policy of military non-alignment until it applied to join NATO in May 2022. Stockholm preserved and armed neutrality in both World Wars. Since then, Sweden has pursued a successful economic formula consisting of a capitalist system intermixed with substantial welfare elements. Sweden joined the EU in 1995, but the public rejected the introduction of the euro in a 2003 referendum. The share of Sweden’s population born abroad increased from 11.3% in 2000 to 20% in 2021.

 

" + "text": "

A military power during the 17th century, Sweden maintained a policy of military non-alignment until it applied to join NATO in 2022. Stockholm preserved an armed neutrality in both World Wars. Since then, Sweden has pursued a successful economic formula consisting of a capitalist system intermixed with substantial welfare elements. Sweden joined the EU in 1995, but the public rejected the introduction of the euro in a 2003 referendum. The share of Sweden’s population born abroad increased from 11.3% in 2000 to 20% in 2021.

 

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -809,10 +809,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "12.4% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "12.7% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "3.4% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.4% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1204,12 +1204,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 44, oil tanker 18, other 299" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Brofjorden, Goteborg, Helsingborg, Karlshamn, Lulea, Malmo, Stockholm, Trelleborg, Visby" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "92 (2024)" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Brunnsviksholme, Lysekil" + "large": { + "text": "3" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "10" + }, + "small": { + "text": "30" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "49" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "49" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Falkenberg, Goteborg, Helsingborg, Karlsborg, Karlshamn, Lulea, Malmo, Norrkoping, Stockholm, Sundsvall, Uddevalla, Varberg, Vasteras" } } }, diff --git a/europe/sz.json b/europe/sz.json index b7b81f5e..470285a6 100644 --- a/europe/sz.json +++ b/europe/sz.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

The Swiss Confederation was founded in 1291 as a defensive alliance among three cantons. In succeeding years, other localities joined the original three. The Swiss Confederation secured its independence from the Holy Roman Empire in 1499. A constitution of 1848, subsequently modified in 1874 to allow voters to introduce referenda on proposed laws, replaced the confederation with a centralized federal government. Switzerland's sovereignty and neutrality have long been honored by the major European powers, and the country was not involved in either of the two World Wars. The political and economic integration of Europe over the past half century, as well as Switzerland's role in many UN and international organizations, has strengthened Switzerland's ties with its neighbors. However, the country did not officially become a UN member until 2002. Switzerland remains active in many UN and international organizations but retains a strong commitment to neutrality.

 

" + "text": "

The Swiss Confederation was founded in 1291 as a defensive alliance among three cantons. In succeeding years, other localities joined the original three. The Swiss Confederation secured its independence from the Holy Roman Empire in 1499. A constitution of 1848, which was modified in 1874 to allow voters to introduce referenda on proposed laws, replaced the confederation with a centralized federal government. The major European powers have long honored Switzerland's sovereignty and neutrality, and the country was not involved in either World War. The political and economic integration of Europe over the past half-century, as well as Switzerland's role in many UN and international organizations, has strengthened Switzerland's ties with its neighbors. However, the country did not officially become a UN member until 2002. Switzerland remains active in many UN and international organizations but retains a strong commitment to neutrality.

 

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -810,10 +810,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "9.2% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "9.9% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "3.6% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.5% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1208,11 +1208,6 @@ "by type": { "text": "bulk carrier 14, general cargo 1, other 2 (includes Liechtenstein)" } - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Basel (Rhine)" - } } }, "Military and Security": { diff --git a/europe/uk.json b/europe/uk.json index 096c9b3f..67910807 100644 --- a/europe/uk.json +++ b/europe/uk.json @@ -809,10 +809,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "8.1% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "8.7% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "3.2% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "4% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1211,18 +1211,30 @@ }, "note": " note: includes Channel Islands (total fleet 2; general cargo 1, other 1); excludes Isle of Man" }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Dover, Felixstowe, Immingham, Liverpool, London, Southampton, Teesport (England); Forth Ports (Scotland); Milford Haven (Wales)" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "185 (2024)" }, - "oil terminal(s)": { - "text": "Fawley Marine terminal, Liverpool Bay terminal (England); Braefoot Bay terminal, Finnart oil terminal, Hound Point terminal (Scotland)" + "large": { + "text": "7" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Felixstowe (3,700,000), London (3,111,000), Southampton (1,871,081) (2021)" + "medium": { + "text": "24" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Dragon, Isle of Grain, South Hook, Teesside" + "small": { + "text": "67" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "86" + }, + "size unknown": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "67" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Aberdeen, Barrow In Furness, Barry, Belfast, Blyth, Bristol, Cardiff, Dundee, Falmouth Harbour, Glasgow, Greenock, Grimsby, Immingham, Kingston Upon Hull, Leith, Lerwick, Liverpool, London, Londonderry, Lyness, Manchester, Milford Haven, Newport, Peterhead, Plymouth, Portland Harbour, Portsmouth Harbour, Southampton, Sunderland, Teesport, Tynemouth" } }, "Transportation - note": { diff --git a/europe/up.json b/europe/up.json index caa5537e..11cb05d7 100644 --- a/europe/up.json +++ b/europe/up.json @@ -819,10 +819,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "42.2% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "41.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "7.7% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "6.9% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1231,12 +1231,27 @@ "text": "container ship 1, general cargo 83, oil tanker 14, other 312" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Feodosiia, Chornomorsk, Mariupol, Mykolaiv, Odesa, Yuzhne" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "26 (2024)" }, - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Kherson, Kyiv (Dnieper River), Mykolaiv (Pivdennyy Buh River)" + "large": { + "text": "3" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "8" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "15" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "8" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Berdyansk, Dnipro-Buzkyy, Feodosiya, Illichivsk, Kerch, Kherson, Mariupol, Mykolayiv, Odesa, Sevastopol, Yuzhnyy" } } }, diff --git a/middle-east/ae.json b/middle-east/ae.json index 67c87608..9495af5a 100644 --- a/middle-east/ae.json +++ b/middle-east/ae.json @@ -787,10 +787,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "13.7% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "13.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "0.4% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.4% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1165,15 +1165,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 2, container ship 3, general cargo 122, oil tanker 16, other 512" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Al Fujayrah, Mina' Jabal 'Ali (Dubai), Khor Fakkan (Khawr Fakkan) (Sharjah), Mubarraz Island (Abu Dhabi), Mina' Rashid (Dubai), Mina' Saqr (Ra's al Khaymah)" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "20 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Dubai Port (13,742,000) (2021)" + "large": { + "text": "1" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (export)": { - "text": "Das Island" + "medium": { + "text": "4" + }, + "small": { + "text": "9" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "6" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "17" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Abu Zaby, Jabal Az Zannah/ruways, Khawr Fakkan, Mina Jabal Ali, Zirkuh" } } }, diff --git a/middle-east/aj.json b/middle-east/aj.json index 36243928..ac441c9e 100644 --- a/middle-east/aj.json +++ b/middle-east/aj.json @@ -798,10 +798,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "38.6% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "43.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "1.6% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1175,11 +1175,6 @@ "by type": { "text": "general cargo 40, oil tanker 44, other 228" } - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Baku (Baki) located on the Caspian Sea" - } } }, "Military and Security": { @@ -1215,7 +1210,7 @@ "note": "note: most of the military is made up of professional contract soldiers; as of 2018, women made up an estimated 3% of the active duty military" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Azerbaijani military was established in 1991, although its origins go back to 1918; much of the military’s original equipment was acquired from former Soviet military forces that left Azerbaijan by 1992; territorial defense is the military’s primary focus, particularly with regards to neighboring Armenia; a secondary focus is guarding against Iran; the Ground Forces have five army corps, plus an independent combined arms army, which is assigned to the Azerbaijani exclave of Naxicvan (Nakhichevan); between them, the corps and the combined arms army have more than 20 mechanized or motorized combat brigades; the Ground Forces also have separate brigades of artillery, battlefield rockets, and special forces; the Air Force has a few dozen Russian-origin fighters and ground attack aircraft, as well as some combat helicopters; the Navy patrols the Caspian Sea with a corvette and several coastal patrol craft

Armenia and Azerbaijan engaged in open conflicts over the Nagorno-Karabakh enclave in 1991-94 and 2020, plus a brief flare-up in 2016; tensions continued following the 2020 conflict; Azerbaijan seized the entire enclave in 2023 

Turkey is Azerbaijan’s strongest military partner, a relationship that has included weapons transfers, technical advice, bilateral training exercises, and key support during the 2020 conflict with Armenia; Azerbaijan is not part of NATO but has had a cooperative relationship with it dating back to when it joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1994 and has provided troops to NATO-led missions in Kosovo (1999-2008) and Afghanistan (2002-2014) (2023)" + "text": "the Azerbaijani military was established in 1991, although its origins go back to 1918; much of the military’s original equipment was acquired from former Soviet military forces that departed Azerbaijan by 1992; territorial defense is the military’s primary focus, particularly with regards to neighboring Armenia; a secondary focus is guarding against Iran; the Ground Forces have five army corps, plus an independent combined arms army, which is assigned to the Azerbaijani exclave of Naxicvan (Nakhichevan); between them, the corps and the combined arms army have more than 20 mechanized or motorized combat brigades; the Ground Forces also have separate brigades of artillery, battlefield rockets, and special forces; the Air Force has a few dozen Russian-origin fighters and ground attack aircraft, as well as some combat helicopters; the Navy patrols the Caspian Sea with a corvette and several coastal patrol craft

Armenia and Azerbaijan engaged in open conflicts over the Nagorno-Karabakh enclave in 1991-94 and 2020; tensions continued following the 2020 conflict, and Azerbaijan seized the entire enclave in 2023 

Turkey is Azerbaijan’s strongest military partner, a relationship that has included weapons transfers, technical advice, bilateral training exercises, and key support during the 2020 conflict with Armenia; Azerbaijan is not part of NATO but has had a cooperative relationship with it dating back to when it joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1994 and has provided troops to NATO-led missions in Kosovo (1999-2008) and Afghanistan (2002-2014) (2023)" } }, "Space": { diff --git a/middle-east/am.json b/middle-east/am.json index 66e055ee..791d4d11 100644 --- a/middle-east/am.json +++ b/middle-east/am.json @@ -1211,12 +1211,7 @@ "note": "note: in 2023, Armenia approved six-month voluntary service for women, after which they have the option to switch to a five-year contract; previously, women served on a contract basis  

note 2: as of 2021, conscripts comprised about half of the military's active personnel; as of 2020, women made up about 10% of the active duty military; the Armenian Army established its first all-women combat unit in 2020" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Armenian Armed Forces were officially established in 1992, although their origins go back to 1918; the modern military’s missions include deterrence, territorial defense, crisis management, humanitarian assistance, and disaster response, as well as socio-economic development projects; territorial defense is its primary focus, particularly in regards to tensions with neighboring Azerbaijan over the Nagorno-Karabakh region; Armenia and Azerbaijan engaged in open conflicts over the Nagorno-Karabakh enclave in 1991-94 and 2020, plus a brief flare-up in 2016; tensions continued following the 2020 conflict; Azerbaijan seized the entire enclave in 2023 

the bulk of the Armenian military’s ground combat forces are organized into five small corps that are typically comprised of one or more Soviet-style “motorized rifle” (mechanized infantry) regiments, plus supporting units of artillery, reconnaissance, and tank forces; there are also separate artillery, air defense, battlefield rocket, and special operations forces, as well as a brigade dedicated to peacekeeping missions; the air combat forces consist of small numbers of Soviet-era ground attack aircraft and attack helicopters; Armenia is landlocked so it has no naval forces  

Armenia has close military ties with Russia and hosts Russian military forces at two bases, as well as Russian border guards along multiple border areas; it has been a member of the Russian-led Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) since 1994 and committed troops to CSTO's rapid reaction force; Armenia has relations with NATO going back to 1992 when Armenia joined the North Atlantic Cooperation Council; in 1994, it joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program and has contributed to the NATO force in Kosovo, as well as the former NATO deployment in Afghanistan (2023)" - } - }, - "Space": { - "Space program overview": { - "text": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S" + "text": "the Armenian Armed Forces were officially established in 1992, although their origins go back to 1918; the modern military’s missions include deterrence, territorial defense, crisis management, humanitarian assistance, and disaster response, as well as socio-economic development projects; territorial defense is its primary focus, particularly in regards to tensions with neighboring Azerbaijan; Armenia and Azerbaijan engaged in open conflicts over the Nagorno-Karabakh enclave in 1991-94 and 2020; Azerbaijan seized the entire enclave in 2023 

the bulk of the Armenian military’s ground combat forces are organized into several small corps that are typically comprised of one or more Soviet-style “motorized rifle” (mechanized infantry) regiments, plus supporting units of artillery, reconnaissance, and tank forces; there are also separate artillery, air defense, battlefield rocket, and special operations forces, as well as a brigade dedicated to peacekeeping missions; the air combat forces consist of small numbers of Soviet-era ground attack aircraft and attack helicopters; Armenia is landlocked so it has no naval forces  

Armenia has traditionally had close military ties with Russia and has hosted Russian military forces at two bases, as well as Russian border guards along multiple border areas; it has been a member of the Russian-led Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) since 1994 and committed troops to CSTO's rapid reaction force; Armenia has relations with NATO going back to 1992 when Armenia joined the North Atlantic Cooperation Council; in 1994, it joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program and has contributed to the NATO force in Kosovo, as well as the former NATO deployment in Afghanistan (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/middle-east/ba.json b/middle-east/ba.json index dbadbfdb..6eb1f9f6 100644 --- a/middle-east/ba.json +++ b/middle-east/ba.json @@ -777,10 +777,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "13.2% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "13.1% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "0.4% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.4% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Budget": { @@ -1127,9 +1127,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 12, oil tanker 3, other 169" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Mina' Salman, Sitrah" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "4 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "3" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Al Manamah, Khalifa Bin Salman, Mina Salman, Sitrah" } } }, diff --git a/middle-east/gg.json b/middle-east/gg.json index ff928a99..ae277fae 100644 --- a/middle-east/gg.json +++ b/middle-east/gg.json @@ -801,10 +801,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "32.3% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "32.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "3.4% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.5% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1182,9 +1182,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 3, other 23" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Black Sea - Batumi, Poti" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "3 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "2" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Batumi, Sokhumi, Supsa Marine Terminal" } } }, diff --git a/middle-east/gz.json b/middle-east/gz.json index 35d36d35..78a284c6 100644 --- a/middle-east/gz.json +++ b/middle-east/gz.json @@ -808,11 +808,6 @@ "Transportation": { "Roadways": { "text": "

note: see entry for the West Bank

" - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Gaza" - } } }, "Military and Security": { diff --git a/middle-east/ir.json b/middle-east/ir.json index fb6a1cb6..f1e3a2ac 100644 --- a/middle-east/ir.json +++ b/middle-east/ir.json @@ -791,10 +791,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "27.9% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "28.7% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "0.6% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.5% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1188,12 +1188,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 32, container ship 28, general cargo 398, oil tanker 86, other 421" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Bandar-e Asaluyeh, Bandar Abbas, Bandar-e Emam Khomeyni" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "18 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Bandar Abbas" + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "4" + }, + "small": { + "text": "6" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "8" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "13" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Abadan, Bandar Abbas, Bushehr, Khorramshahr" } } }, diff --git a/middle-east/is.json b/middle-east/is.json index 965fffd8..bd079d88 100644 --- a/middle-east/is.json +++ b/middle-east/is.json @@ -810,10 +810,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "16.2% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "16% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "2.9% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "2.8% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1193,15 +1193,27 @@ "text": "container ship 4, general cargo 1, oil tanker 4, other 32" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Ashdod, Elat (Eilat), Hadera, Haifa" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "5 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Ashdod (1,584,000) (2019)" + "large": { + "text": "0" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Hadera" + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "4" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Ashdod, Ashqelon, Elat, Hadera, Haifa" } } }, diff --git a/middle-east/iz.json b/middle-east/iz.json index cdbfff2c..26e8c0ed 100644 --- a/middle-east/iz.json +++ b/middle-east/iz.json @@ -815,10 +815,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "30.1% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "29.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "4.2% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1195,9 +1195,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 1, oil tanker 6, other 67" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Al Basrah (Shatt al Arab); Khawr az Zubayr, Umm Qasr (Khawr az Zubayr waterway)" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "6 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "4" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "3" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Al Basrah, Al-Basra Oil Terminal, Khawr Al Amaya, Khawr Al Zubair, Umm Qasr" } } }, diff --git a/middle-east/jo.json b/middle-east/jo.json index fe88efb9..b084bde1 100644 --- a/middle-east/jo.json +++ b/middle-east/jo.json @@ -814,10 +814,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "29.6% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "26.4% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "4.6% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.5% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1203,9 +1203,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 5, other 29" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Al 'Aqabah" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "1 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Al Aqabah" } } }, diff --git a/middle-east/ku.json b/middle-east/ku.json index d4bbe123..323abd03 100644 --- a/middle-east/ku.json +++ b/middle-east/ku.json @@ -502,7 +502,8 @@ }, "amendments": { "text": "proposed by the amir or supported by at least one third of the National Assembly; passage requires two-thirds consent of the Assembly membership and promulgation by the amir; constitutional articles on the initiation, approval, and promulgation of general legislation cannot be amended" - } + }, + "note": "Note: on 10 May 2024, Amir Sheikh MISHAL al-Ahmad al-Sabah dissolved the National Assembly and suspended several articles of the constitution for up to four years" }, "Legal system": { "text": "mixed legal system consisting of English common law, French civil law, and Islamic sharia law" @@ -550,7 +551,8 @@ }, "election results": { "text": "50 nonpartisan candidates, including 29 opposition candidates; composition - men 63, women 2, percent of women 3.1%" - } + }, + "note": "Note: on 10 May 2024, Amir Sheikh MISHAL al-Ahmad al-Sabah dissolves the National Assembly, and some powers held by the National Assembly are assumed by the government" }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { @@ -764,10 +766,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "19.2% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "19.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "0.2% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Remittances": { @@ -1126,9 +1128,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 15, oil tanker 28, other 133" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Ash Shu'aybah, Ash Shuwaykh, Az Zawr (Mina' Sa'ud), Mina' 'Abd Allah, Mina' al Ahmadi" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "6 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "2" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "3" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "4" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Al Kuwayt, Doha Harbor, Mina Abd Allah, Mina Al Ahmadi, Mina Ash Shuaybah, Mina Az Zawr" } } }, diff --git a/middle-east/le.json b/middle-east/le.json index 9b149239..03634269 100644 --- a/middle-east/le.json +++ b/middle-east/le.json @@ -798,10 +798,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "20.7% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "21% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "1.2% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.1% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Remittances": { @@ -1168,12 +1168,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 2, container ship 1, general cargo 30, oil tanker 1, other 17" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Beirut, Tripoli" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "5 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Beirut (1,229,100) (2019)" + "large": { + "text": "1" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "3" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "3" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Bayrut, Sayda, Selaata, Sidon/zahrani Terminal, Tarabulus" } } }, diff --git a/middle-east/mu.json b/middle-east/mu.json index 7d0410c2..79287509 100644 --- a/middle-east/mu.json +++ b/middle-east/mu.json @@ -769,10 +769,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "22.7% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "22.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "0.1% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Remittances": { @@ -1132,15 +1132,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 11, other 46" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Mina' Qabus, Salalah, Suhar" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "7 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Salalah (4,510,000) (2021)" + "large": { + "text": "0" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (export)": { - "text": "Qalhat" + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "4" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "6" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Duqm, Khawr Khasab, Mina Al Fahl, Mina Raysut, Sohar" } } }, diff --git a/middle-east/qa.json b/middle-east/qa.json index f372741e..44d230aa 100644 --- a/middle-east/qa.json +++ b/middle-east/qa.json @@ -784,10 +784,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "12.3% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "12.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "0.3% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1148,12 +1148,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 5, container ship 4, general cargo 4, oil tanker 2, other 108" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Doha, Musay'id, Ra's Laffan" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "6 (2024)" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (export)": { - "text": "Ras Laffan" + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "3" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "5" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Al Rayyan Terminal, Al Shaheen Terminal, Doha, Jazirat Halul, Ras Laffan, Umm Said" } } }, diff --git a/middle-east/sa.json b/middle-east/sa.json index e875538d..dae03358 100644 --- a/middle-east/sa.json +++ b/middle-east/sa.json @@ -792,10 +792,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "20.6% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "20.5% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "0.6% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.7% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Remittances": { @@ -1166,12 +1166,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 9, container ship 1, general cargo 20, oil tanker 55, other 348" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Ad Dammam, Al Jubayl, Jeddah, King Abdulla, Yanbu'" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "16 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Ad Dammam (1,770,000), Jeddah (4,882,342), King Abdulla (2,813,920) (2021)" + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "7" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "8" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "10" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Dammam, Duba, Jiddah, Jizan, Ju Aymah Oil Terminal, Ras Tannurah, Ras Al Khafji, Ras Al Mishab" } } }, diff --git a/middle-east/sy.json b/middle-east/sy.json index 836536ab..054ecfa1 100644 --- a/middle-east/sy.json +++ b/middle-east/sy.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

Following World War I, France acquired a mandate over the northern portion of the former Ottoman Empire province of Syria. The French administered the area as Syria until granting it independence in 1946. The new country lacked political stability and experienced a series of military coups. Syria united with Egypt in February 1958 to form the United Arab Republic. In September 1961, the two entities separated, and the Syrian Arab Republic was reestablished. In the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, Syria lost the Golan Heights region to Israel. During the 1990s, Syria and Israel held occasional, albeit unsuccessful, peace talks over its return. In November 1970, Hafiz al-ASAD, a member of the socialist Ba'ath Party and the minority Alawi sect, seized power in a bloodless coup and brought political stability to the country. Following the death of President Hafiz al-ASAD, his son, Bashar al-ASAD, was approved as president by popular referendum in July 2000. Syrian troops - stationed in Lebanon since 1976 in an ostensible peacekeeping role - were withdrawn in April 2005. During the July-August 2006 conflict between Israel and Hizballah, Syria placed its military forces on alert but did not intervene directly on behalf of its ally Hizballah. In May 2007, Bashar al-ASAD's second term as president was approved by popular referendum.

Influenced by major uprisings that began elsewhere in the region, and compounded by additional social and economic factors, antigovernment protests broke out first in the southern province of Dar'a in March 2011 with protesters calling for the repeal of the restrictive Emergency Law allowing arrests without charge, the legalization of political parties, and the removal of corrupt local officials. Demonstrations and violent unrest spread across Syria with the size and intensity of protests fluctuating. The government responded to unrest with a mix of concessions - including the repeal of the Emergency Law, new laws permitting new political parties, and liberalizing local and national elections - and with military force and detentions. The government's efforts to quell unrest and armed opposition activity led to extended clashes and eventually civil war between government forces, their allies, and oppositionists.

International pressure on the ASAD regime intensified after late 2011, as the Arab League, the EU, Turkey, and the US expanded economic sanctions against the regime and those entities that support it. In December 2012, the Syrian National Coalition, was recognized by more than 130 countries as the sole legitimate representative of the Syrian people. In September 2015, Russia launched a military intervention on behalf of the ASAD regime, and domestic and foreign government-aligned forces recaptured swaths of territory from opposition forces, and eventually the country’s second largest city, Aleppo, in December 2016, shifting the conflict in the regime’s favor. With this foreign support, the regime also recaptured opposition strongholds in the Damascus suburbs and the southern province of Dar’a in 2018. The regime continued to periodically regain opposition held territory until early 2020 when Turkish firepower halted a regime advance and forced a stalemate between regime and opposition forces that has prevented any subsequent advances. The government lacks territorial control over much of the northeastern part of the country, which is dominated by the predominantly Kurdish Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), and a smaller area dominated by Turkey. The SDF expanded its territorial hold beyond its traditional homelands, subsuming much of the northeast since 2014 as it battled the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria. Since 2016, Turkey has been engaged in northern Syria and has conducted three large-scale military operations to capture territory along Syria's northern border in the provinces of Aleppo, Ar Raqqah, and Al Hasakah. Some opposition forces organized under the Turkish-backed Syrian National Army and Turkish forces have maintained control of northwestern Syria along the Turkish border with the Afrin area of Aleppo Province since 2018. In 2019, Turkey and its opposition allies occupied formerly SDF-controlled territory between the cities of Tall Abyad to Ra’s Al ‘Ayn along Syria’s northern border. The extremist organization Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (formerly the Nusrah Front) in 2017 emerged as the predominate opposition force in Idlib Province, and still dominates an area also hosting additional Turkish forces. Negotiations between the government and opposition delegations at UN-sponsored Geneva conferences since 2014 and separately held discussions between Iran, Russia, and Turkey since early 2017 have failed to produce a resolution to the conflict. According to a September 2021 UN estimate, the death toll resulting from the past 10 years of civil war is more than 350,000, although the UN acknowledges that this is the minimum number of verifiable deaths and is an undercount. According to a June 2022 UN estimate, the death toll resulting from the past 10 plus years of civil war is more than 306,000. As of early 2022, approximately 6.66 million Syrians were internally displaced and 14.6 million people were in need of humanitarian assistance across the country. An additional 5.6 million Syrians were registered refugees in Turkey, Jordan, Iraq, Egypt, and North Africa. The conflict in Syria remains one of the two largest displacement crises worldwide (the other is the invasion of Ukraine).

" + "text": "

After World War I, France acquired a mandate over the northern portion of the former Ottoman Empire province of Syria. The French administered the area until granting it independence in 1946. The new country lacked political stability and experienced a series of military coups. Syria united with Egypt in 1958 to form the United Arab Republic. In 1961, the two entities separated, and the Syrian Arab Republic was reestablished. In the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, Syria lost control of the Golan Heights region to Israel. During the 1990s, Syria and Israel held occasional, albeit unsuccessful, peace talks over its return. In 1970, Hafiz al-ASAD, a member of the socialist Ba'ath Party and the minority Alawi sect, seized power in a bloodless coup and brought political stability to the country. Following the death of al-ASAD, his son, Bashar al-ASAD, was approved as president by popular referendum in 2000. Syrian troops that were stationed in Lebanon since 1976 in an ostensible peacekeeping role were withdrawn in 2005. During the 2006 conflict between Israel and Hizballah, Syria placed its military forces on alert but did not intervene directly on behalf of its ally Hizballah. In 2007, Bashar al-ASAD's second term as president was again approved in a referendum.

In the wake of major uprisings elsewhere in the region, antigovernment protests broke out in the southern province of Dar'a in 2011. Protesters called for the legalization of political parties, the removal of corrupt local officials, and the repeal of the restrictive Emergency Law allowing arrests without charge. Demonstrations and violent unrest spread across Syria, and the government responded with concessions, but also with military force and detentions that led to extended clashes and eventually civil war. International pressure on the Syrian Government intensified after 2011, as the Arab League, the EU, Turkey, and the US expanded economic sanctions against the ASAD regime and those entities that supported it. In 2012, more than 130 countries recognized the Syrian National Coalition as the sole legitimate representative of the Syrian people. In 2015, Russia launched a military intervention on behalf of the ASAD regime, and domestic and foreign-government-aligned forces recaptured swaths of territory from opposition forces. With foreign support, the regime continued to periodically regain opposition-held territory until 2020, when Turkish firepower halted a regime advance and forced a stalemate between regime and opposition forces. The government lacks territorial control over much of the northeastern part of the country, which the predominantly Kurdish Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) hold, and a smaller area dominated by Turkey.

Since 2016, Turkey has conducted three large-scale military operations to capture territory along Syria's northern border. Some opposition forces organized under the Turkish-backed Syrian National Army and Turkish forces have maintained control of northwestern Syria along the Turkish border with the Afrin area of Aleppo Province since 2018. The violent extremist organization Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (formerly the Nusrah Front) emerged in 2017 as the predominant opposition force in Idlib Province, and still dominates an area also hosting Turkish forces. Negotiations have failed to produce a resolution to the conflict, and the UN estimated in 2022 that at least 306,000 people have died during the civil war. Approximately 6.7 million Syrians were internally displaced as of 2022, and 14.6 million people were in need of humanitarian assistance across the country. An additional 5.6 million Syrians were registered refugees in Turkey, Jordan, Iraq, Egypt, and North Africa. The conflict in Syria remains one of the two largest displacement crises worldwide (the other is the full-scale invasion of Ukraine).

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "several previous; latest issued 15 February 2012, passed by referendum and effective 27 February 2012; note - UN-sponsored talks, which began in late 2019 between delegates from government and opposition forces to draft a new constitution; in March 2022, the 7th round of the Syrian Constitutional Committee ended in Geneva with no results" + "text": "

several previous; latest issued 15 February 2012, passed by referendum and effective 27 February 2012; note – UN-sponsored talks, which began in late 2019 between delegates from government and opposition forces to draft a new constitution; in June 2022, the 8th round of the Syrian Constitutional Committee ended in Geneva with no results, and the 9th round, scheduled for July 2022, was cancelled due to lack of Russian and regime participation

" }, "amendments": { "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by one third of the People’s Assembly members; following review by a special Assembly committee, passage requires at least three-quarters majority vote by the Assembly and approval by the president" @@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "legal parties/alliances:
 Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party [Bashar al-ASAD, regional secretary]
Arab Socialist Renaissance (Ba'th) Party [President Bashar al-ASAD]
Arab Socialist Union of Syria or ASU [Safwan al-QUDSI]
Democratic Arab Socialist Union [Hassan Abdul AZIM, general secretary] 
National Progressive Front or NPF [Bashar al-ASAD, Suleiman QADDAH] (alliance includes Arab Socialist Renaissance (Ba'th) Party, Socialist Unionist Democratic Party)
Socialist Unionist Party [Fayiz ISMAIL]
Socialist Unionist Democratic Party [Fadlallah Nasr al-DIN]
Syrian Communist Party (two branches) [Wissal Farha BAKDASH, Yusuf Rashid FAYSAL]
Syrian Social Nationalist Party or SSNP [Ali HAIDAR]
Unionist Socialist Party [Fayez ISMAIL]

major Kurdish political organizations:
Kurdish Democratic Union Party or PYD [Saleh MUSLIM, Asia ABDULLAH]
Kurdish National Council or KNC [Sa'ud MALA]
Self-Administration of Northeast Syria or SANES [Abd Hamid al-MAHBASH] 
Syrian Democratic Council or SDC [Ilham AHMAD]

other:
Syrian Democratic Party [Mustafa QALAAJI]" + "text": "legal parties/alliances:
 Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party [Bashar al-ASAD, regional secretary]
Arab Socialist (Ba'ath) Party – Syrian Regional [President Bashar al-ASAD]
Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syrian Regional Branch, Socialist Unionist Democratic Party)
Arab Socialist Union of Syria or ASU [Safwan al-QUDSI]
Democratic Arab Socialist Union [Hassan Abdul AZIM, general secretary] 
National Progressive Front or NPF [Bashar al-ASAD, Suleiman QADDAH] (alliance includes 
Socialist Unionist Democratic Party [Fadlallah Nasr al-DIN]
Socialist Unionist Party [Fayiz ISMAIL]
Syrian Communist Party (two branches) [Wissal Farha BAKDASH, Yusuf Rashid FAYSAL]
Syrian Social Nationalist Party or SSNP [Ali HAIDAR]
Unionist Socialist Party [Fayez ISMAIL]

major political organizations:
Kurdish Democratic Union Party or PYD [Saleh MUSLIM, Asia ABDULLAH]
Kurdish National Council or KNC [Sa'ud MALA]] 
Syriac Union Party [Ishow GOWRIYE]
Syrian Democratic Council or SDC [Ilham AHMAD]
Syrian Democratic Party [Mustafa QALAAJI]
Syrian Opposition Coalition [Hadi al-BAHRA]

de facto governance entities:
Democratic Autonomous Administration of Northeast Syria or DAANES [Mahmoud al-MESLET, Layla QAHRAMAN] 
Syrian Interim Government or SIG [Abdurrahman MUSTAFA]
Syrian Salvation Government or SSG [Ali Abdulrahman KEDA]

" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WBG, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" @@ -1112,9 +1112,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 1, container ship 1, general cargo 8, oil tanker 1, other 13" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Baniyas, Latakia, Tartus" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "3 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "1" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "3" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Al Ladhiqiyah, Baniyas, Tartus" } } }, diff --git a/middle-east/tu.json b/middle-east/tu.json index 22099dc3..e0900f70 100644 --- a/middle-east/tu.json +++ b/middle-east/tu.json @@ -831,10 +831,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "21.8% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "27.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "3.4% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "2.8% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1238,15 +1238,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 43, container ship 43, general cargo 223, oil tanker 134, other 727" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Aliaga, Ambarli, Diliskelesi, Eregli, Izmir, Kocaeli (Izmit), Mersin (Icel), Limani, Yarimca" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "54 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Ambarli (2,942,550), Mersin (Icel) (2,106,937), Izmet (1,967,946) (2021)" + "large": { + "text": "3" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Aliaga, Dortyol, Ekti (Izmir), Marmara Ereglisi" + "medium": { + "text": "3" + }, + "small": { + "text": "6" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "42" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "28" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Haydarpasa, Istanbul, Izmir, Mersin, Nemrut Limani Bay, Samsun" } } }, diff --git a/middle-east/ym.json b/middle-east/ym.json index 1e315800..90cd8a77 100644 --- a/middle-east/ym.json +++ b/middle-east/ym.json @@ -1163,9 +1163,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 2, oil tanker 1, other 27" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Aden, Al Hudaydah, Al Mukalla" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "10 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "1" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "2" + }, + "small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "5" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "6" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Aden, Al Ahmadi, Al Mukalla, Al Mukha, Ras Isa Marine Terminal" } } }, diff --git a/north-america/bd.json b/north-america/bd.json index 2ceb853b..f8daf48a 100644 --- a/north-america/bd.json +++ b/north-america/bd.json @@ -986,9 +986,30 @@ "text": "container ship 15, oil tanker 8, other 99" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Hamilton, Ireland Island, Saint George" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "4 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "size unknown": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "3" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Freeport, Hamilton, Ireland Island, St. George" } } }, diff --git a/north-america/ca.json b/north-america/ca.json index 1ae499be..90f2e672 100644 --- a/north-america/ca.json +++ b/north-america/ca.json @@ -833,10 +833,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "9.1% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "10% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "3.3% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.1% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1240,26 +1240,31 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 22, container ship 1, general cargo 78, oil tanker 15, other 600" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Halifax, Saint John (New Brunswick), Vancouver" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "284 (2024)" }, - "oil terminal(s)": { - "text": "Lower Lakes terminal" + "large": { + "text": "4" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Montreal (1,585,465), Vancouver (3,678,952) (2021)" + "medium": { + "text": "14" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Saint John" + "small": { + "text": "58" }, - "river and lake port(s)": { - "text": "Montreal, Quebec City, Sept-Isles (St. Lawrence)" + "very small": { + "text": "149" }, - "dry bulk cargo port(s)": { - "text": "Port-Cartier (iron ore and grain)," + "size unknown": { + "text": "59" }, - "note": "Fraser River Port (Fraser) Hamilton (Lake Ontario)" + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "59" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Argentia, Canaport (St. John), Halifax, Hamilton, Montreal, New Westminster, Pond Inlet, Prince Rupert, Quebec, Sept Iles, St. John, Sydney, Thunder Bay, Toronto, Trois Rivieres, Vancouver, Victoria Harbor, Windsor" + } } }, "Military and Security": { @@ -1305,13 +1310,13 @@ }, "Space": { "Space agency/agencies": { - "text": "Canadian Space Agency (CSA; established 1989) (2023)" + "text": "Canadian Space Agency (CSA; established 1989) (2024)" }, "Space launch site(s)": { "text": "Churchill Rocket Research Range (sounding rockets; Manitoba); constructing a private, commercial space launch site in Nova Scotia (2023)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "has a substantial program, a national space strategy, and a long history of developing space-related technologies; designs, builds, operates, and tracks communications, remote sensing (RS), multi-mission, and scientific/testing satellites; has an astronaut program (train in the US); designs, builds, or contributes to a variety of other space-related programs, including space telescopes, planetary probes, sensors, and robotic systems (such as the Canadian-made robotic arms used on the US Space Shuttle and the International Space Station); participates in international space efforts and cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and commercial entities, including those of Argentina, Brazil, the European Space Agency (ESA)/EU (and their member states), India, and particularly the US; ESA Cooperating State since 1979; has a robust commercial space sector that is involved in satellite communications, optics, space exploration, navigation, and space science (2023)", + "text": "has a substantial program, a national space strategy, and a long history of developing space-related technologies; designs, builds, operates, and tracks communications, remote sensing (RS), multi-mission, and scientific/testing satellites; has an astronaut program (train in the US); designs, builds, or contributes to a variety of other space-related programs, including space telescopes, planetary probes, sensors, and robotic systems (such as the Canadian-made robotic arms used on the US Space Shuttle and the International Space Station); participates in international space efforts and cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and commercial entities, including those of Argentina, Brazil, the European Space Agency (ESA)/EU (and their member states), India, and particularly the US; ESA Cooperating State since 1979; has a robust commercial space sector that is involved in satellite communications, optics, space exploration, navigation, and space science (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S" } }, diff --git a/north-america/gl.json b/north-america/gl.json index aaf6baad..c0543caf 100644 --- a/north-america/gl.json +++ b/north-america/gl.json @@ -936,9 +936,30 @@ "text": "other 10" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Sisimiut" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "23 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "7" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "10" + }, + "size unknown": { + "text": "6" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "5" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Aasiaat, Illulissat (Jakobshavn), Kusanartoq, Nuuk, Paamuit (Frederikshab), Qeqertarsuaq, Sisimiut" } } }, diff --git a/north-america/ip.json b/north-america/ip.json index 397a904e..1d8ba6ee 100644 --- a/north-america/ip.json +++ b/north-america/ip.json @@ -139,9 +139,6 @@ "Economy": { }, "Transportation": { - "Ports and terminals": { - "text": "none; offshore anchorage only" - } }, "Military and Security": { "Military - note": { diff --git a/north-america/mx.json b/north-america/mx.json index bd1f64dc..ec6706b2 100644 --- a/north-america/mx.json +++ b/north-america/mx.json @@ -872,10 +872,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "23.4% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "26.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "2.8% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1279,21 +1279,30 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 4, general cargo 11, oil tanker 32, other 627" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Altamira, Coatzacoalcos, Lazaro Cardenas, Manzanillo, Veracruz" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "35 (2024)" }, - "oil terminal(s)": { - "text": "Cayo Arcas terminal, Dos Bocas terminal" + "large": { + "text": "0" }, - "cruise port(s)": { - "text": "Cancun, Cozumel, Ensenada" + "medium": { + "text": "7" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Lazaro Cardenas (1,686,076), Manzanillo (3,371,400), Veracruz (1,165,043) (2021)" + "small": { + "text": "10" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Altamira, Ensenada" + "very small": { + "text": "14" + }, + "size unknown": { + "text": "4" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "21" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Acapulco, Ensenada, Manzanillo, Mazatlan, Tampico, Tuxpan, Veracruz" } } }, diff --git a/north-america/sb.json b/north-america/sb.json index fdd1f961..814b52fc 100644 --- a/north-america/sb.json +++ b/north-america/sb.json @@ -753,9 +753,30 @@ "text": "37 km (2009)" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Saint-Pierre" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "2 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "size unknown": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Miquelon, St. Pierre" } } }, diff --git a/north-america/us.json b/north-america/us.json index 1881f3da..f254dadd 100644 --- a/north-america/us.json +++ b/north-america/us.json @@ -793,10 +793,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "6.4% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "6.7% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "1.7% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.9% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1189,30 +1189,27 @@ }, "note": "note - oceangoing self-propelled, cargo-carrying vessels of 1,000 gross tons and above" }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "
Atlantic Ocean: Baltimore, Charleston, Hampton Roads, New York/New Jersey, Savannah
Pacific Ocean: Long Beach, Los Angeles, Oakland, Seattle/Tacoma
Gulf of Mexico: Houston" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "666 (2024)" }, - "oil terminal(s)": { - "text": "LOOP terminal, Haymark terminal" + "large": { + "text": "21" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Charleston (2,751,442), Hampton Roads (3,522,834), Houston (3,453,220), Long Beach (9,384,368), Los Angeles (10,677,610), New York/New Jersey (8,985,929), Oakland (2,448,243), Savannah (5,613,163), Seattle/Tacoma (3,736,206) (2021)" + "medium": { + "text": "38" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (export)": { - "text": "Calcasieu Pass (LA), Cameron (LA), Corpus Christi (TX), Cove Point (MD), Elba Island (GA), Freeport (TX), Sabine Pass (LA)
note - two additional export facilities are under construction and expected to begin commercial operations in 2023-2024" + "small": { + "text": "132" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Cove Point (MD), Elba Island (GA), Everett (MA), Freeport (TX), Golden Pass (TX), Hackberry (LA), Lake Charles (LA), Neptune (offshore), Northeast Gateway (offshore), Pascagoula (MS), Sabine Pass (TX)" + "very small": { + "text": "475" }, - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Baton Rouge, Plaquemines, New Orleans (Mississippi River)" + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "204" }, - "cargo ports": { - "text": "Baltimore, Baton Rouge, Corpus Christi, Hampton Roads, Houston, Long Beach, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York, Plaquemines (LA), Tampa, Texas City" - }, - "cruise departure ports (passengers)": { - "text": "Baltimore, Long Beach, Miami, Port Everglades, Port Canaveral, Seattle" + "key ports": { + "text": "Baltimore, Boston, Brooklyn, Buffalo, Chester, Cleveland, Detroit, Galveston, Houston, Los Angeles, Louisiana Offshore Oil Port (LOOP), Mobile, New Orleans, New York City, Norfolk, Oakland, Philadelphia, Portland, San Francisco, Seattle, Tri-City Port" } } }, diff --git a/oceans/oo.json b/oceans/oo.json index 358ec7b6..bb02eb93 100644 --- a/oceans/oo.json +++ b/oceans/oo.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "A large body of recent oceanographic research has shown that the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), an ocean current that flows from west to east around Antarctica, plays a crucial role in global ocean circulation. The region where the cold waters of the ACC meet and mingle with the warmer waters of the north defines a distinct border - the Antarctic Convergence - which fluctuates with the seasons, but which encompasses a discrete body of water and a unique ecologic region. The Convergence concentrates nutrients, which promotes marine plant life, and which, in turn, allows for a greater abundance of animal life. In 2000, the International Hydrographic Organization delimited the waters within the Convergence as a fifth world ocean basin - the Southern Ocean - by combining the southern portions of the Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Pacific Ocean. The Southern Ocean extends from the coast of Antarctica north to 60 degrees south latitude, which coincides with the Antarctic Treaty region and which approximates the extent of the Antarctic Convergence. As such, the Southern Ocean is now the fourth largest of the world's five ocean basins (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and Indian Ocean, but larger than the Arctic Ocean). It should be noted that inclusion of the Southern Ocean does not imply recognition of this feature as one of the world's primary ocean basins by the US Government." + "text": "A large body of recent oceanographic research has shown that the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), an ocean current that flows from west to east around Antarctica, plays a crucial role in global ocean circulation. The region where the cold waters of the ACC meet and mingle with the warmer waters of the north defines a distinct border -- the Antarctic Convergence -- which fluctuates with the seasons but encompasses a discrete body of water and a unique ecologic region. The Convergence concentrates nutrients, which promotes marine plant life, which in turn allows for a greater abundance of animal life. In 2000, the International Hydrographic Organization delimited the waters within the Convergence as a fifth world ocean basin -- the Southern Ocean -- by combining the southern portions of the Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Pacific Ocean. The Southern Ocean extends from the coast of Antarctica north to 60 degrees south latitude, which coincides with the Antarctic Treaty region and which approximates the extent of the Antarctic Convergence. As such, the Southern Ocean is now the fourth largest of the world's five ocean basins (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and Indian Ocean). It should be noted that inclusion of the Southern Ocean does not imply US Government recognition of this feature as one of the world's primary ocean basins." } }, "Geography": { @@ -111,12 +111,6 @@ "Economy": { }, "Transportation": { - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "McMurdo, Palmer, and offshore anchorages in Antarctica" - }, - "note": "note: few ports or harbors exist on the southern side of the Southern Ocean; ice conditions limit use of most to short periods in midsummer; even then some cannot be entered without icebreaker escort; most Antarctic ports are operated by government research stations and, except in an emergency, are not open to commercial or private vessels" - }, "Transportation - note": { "text": "Drake Passage offers alternative to transit through the Panama Canal" } diff --git a/oceans/xo.json b/oceans/xo.json index 8116bb1b..4e2cf949 100644 --- a/oceans/xo.json +++ b/oceans/xo.json @@ -110,11 +110,6 @@ "Economy": { }, "Transportation": { - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Chennai (Madras, India); Colombo (Sri Lanka); Durban (South Africa); Jakarta (Indonesia); Kolkata (Calcutta, India); Melbourne (Australia); Mumbai (Bombay, India); Richards Bay (South Africa)" - } - } }, "Military and Security": { "Military - note": { diff --git a/oceans/xq.json b/oceans/xq.json index 25bfb8a1..243d6e95 100644 --- a/oceans/xq.json +++ b/oceans/xq.json @@ -113,11 +113,6 @@ "Icebreakers": { "text": "Norway: one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreaker, and one PC 5 or 6 class light icebreaker
Russia: seven PC 1 or 2 class heavy icebreakers, eight PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreakers, and three PC 5 or 6 class light icebreakers

note: the ships are listed by Polar Class (PC) vessel: PC 1 - year-round operation in all polar waters (ice thickness >3 m); PC 2 - year-round operation in moderate multi-year ice conditions (ice thickness up to 3 m); PC 3 - year-round operation in second-year ice which may include multi-year ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 2.5 m); PC 4 - year-round operation in thick first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 120 cm); PC 5 - year-round operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 70-120 cm); PC 6 - summer/autumn operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 30-70 cm)" }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US)" - } - }, "Transportation - note": { "text": "sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes; the Northwest Passage (North America) and Northern Sea Route (Eurasia) are important seasonal waterways" } diff --git a/oceans/zh.json b/oceans/zh.json index 2e7aceeb..0845149b 100644 --- a/oceans/zh.json +++ b/oceans/zh.json @@ -111,11 +111,6 @@ "Icebreakers": { "text": "North Atlantic
Canada: one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreaker
France: one PC 5 or 6 class light icebreaker
Germany: one PC 5 or 6 class light icebreaker
US: one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreaker, and one PC 5 or 6 class light icebreaker
Baltic
Denmark: three PC 5 or 6 class light icebreakers
Estonia: two PC 5 or 6 class light icebreakers
Finland: seven PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreakers, and two PC 5 or 6 class light icebreakers
Latvia: one PC 5 or 6 class light icebreaker
Russia: 22 PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreakers, and five PC 5 or 6 class light icebreakers
Sweden: four PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreakers
Great Lakes/St Lawrence Seaway
Canada: one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreaker, ten PC 5 or 6 class light icebreakers
Mediterranean
Italy: one PC 5 or 6 class light icebreaker
South Atlantic
Argentina: one PC 5 or 6 class light icebreaker
UK (Falkland Islands): one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreaker
South Africa: one PC 5 or 6 class light icebreaker

note: the ships are listed by Polar Class (PC) vessel: PC 1 - year-round operation in all polar waters (ice thickness >3 m); PC 2 - year-round operation in moderate multi-year ice conditions (ice thickness up to 3 m); PC 3 - year-round operation in second-year ice which may include multi-year ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 2.5 m); PC 4 - year-round operation in thick first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 120 cm); PC 5 - year-round operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 70-120 cm); PC 6 - summer/autumn operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 30-70 cm)" }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Alexandria (Egypt), Algiers (Algeria), Antwerp (Belgium), Barcelona (Spain), Buenos Aires (Argentina), Casablanca (Morocco), Colon (Panama), Copenhagen (Denmark), Dakar (Senegal), Gdansk (Poland), Hamburg (Germany), Helsinki (Finland), Las Palmas (Canary Islands, Spain), Le Havre (France), Lisbon (Portugal), London (UK), Marseille (France), Montevideo (Uruguay), Montreal (Canada), Naples (Italy), New Orleans (US), New York (US), Oran (Algeria), Oslo (Norway), Peiraiefs or Piraeus (Greece), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), Rotterdam (Netherlands), Saint Petersburg (Russia), Stockholm (Sweden)" - } - }, "Transportation - note": { "text": "Kiel Canal and Saint Lawrence Seaway are two important waterways; significant domestic commercial and recreational use of Intracoastal Waterway on central and south Atlantic seaboard and Gulf of Mexico coast of US" } diff --git a/oceans/zn.json b/oceans/zn.json index 9410494a..9c164a6a 100644 --- a/oceans/zn.json +++ b/oceans/zn.json @@ -115,11 +115,6 @@ "Transportation": { "Icebreakers": { "text": "North Pacific
China: one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreaker, and three PC 5 or 6 class light icebreakers
Japan: one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreaker
Russia: one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreaker, and six PC 5 or 6 class light icebreakers
US: one PC 1 or 2 class heavy icebreaker, one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreaker, and one PC 5 or 6 class light icebreaker
South Pacific
Australia: one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreaker
Chile: one PC 5 or 6 class light icebreaker
France (French Polynesia): one PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreaker

note: the ships are listed by Polar Class (PC) vessel: PC 1 - year-round operation in all polar waters (ice thickness >3 m); PC 2 - year-round operation in moderate multi-year ice conditions (ice thickness up to 3 m); PC 3 - year-round operation in second-year ice which may include multi-year ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 2.5 m); PC 4 - year-round operation in thick first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 120 cm); PC 5 - year-round operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 70-120 cm); PC 6 - summer/autumn operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 30-70 cm)" - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Bangkok (Thailand), Hong Kong (China), Kao-hsiung (Taiwan), Los Angeles (US), Manila (Philippines), Busan (South Korea), San Francisco (US), Seattle (US), Shanghai (China), Singapore, Sydney (Australia), Vladivostok (Russia), Wellington (NZ), Yokohama (Japan)" - } } }, "Military and Security": { diff --git a/south-america/ar.json b/south-america/ar.json index ed8884f4..4176b9ea 100644 --- a/south-america/ar.json +++ b/south-america/ar.json @@ -827,10 +827,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "28.3% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "23.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "1.9% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.9% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1227,18 +1227,27 @@ "text": "container ship 1, bulk carrier 1 general cargo 8, oil tanker 33, other 158" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, La Plata, Punta Colorada, Ushuaia" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "37 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Buenos Aires (1,446,452) (2021)" + "large": { + "text": "1" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Bahia Blanca" + "medium": { + "text": "2" }, - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Arroyo Seco, Rosario, San Lorenzo-San Martin (Parana)" + "small": { + "text": "10" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "24" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "19" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Buenos Aires, Campana, Concepcion Del Uruguay, La Plata, Mar Del Plata, Puerto Belgrano, Puerto Ingeniero White, Puerto Madryn, Rosario, San Sebastian Bay, Santa Fe, Ushuaia, Zarate" } } }, diff --git a/south-america/bl.json b/south-america/bl.json index e30448f3..83d70524 100644 --- a/south-america/bl.json +++ b/south-america/bl.json @@ -827,10 +827,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "29.1% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "29.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "2.1% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "2.1% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1218,12 +1218,6 @@ "by type": { "text": "general cargo 30, oil tanker 2, other 18" } - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Puerto Aguirre (Paraguay/Parana)" - }, - "note": "note: Bolivia has free port privileges in maritime ports in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Paraguay" } }, "Military and Security": { @@ -1264,10 +1258,10 @@ }, "Space": { "Space agency/agencies": { - "text": "Bolivian Space Agency (la Agencia Boliviana Espacial, ABE; established 2010) (2023)" + "text": "Bolivian Space Agency (la Agencia Boliviana Espacial, ABE; established 2010 as a national public company) (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "has a small space program focused on acquiring and operating satellites; operates a telecommunications satellite and two ground stations; has cooperated with China and India and member states of the Latin American and Caribbean Space Agency (ALCE) (2023)", + "text": "has a small space program focused on acquiring and operating satellites; operates a telecommunications satellite and two ground stations; has cooperated with China and India and member states of the Latin American and Caribbean Space Agency (ALCE) (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S" } }, diff --git a/south-america/br.json b/south-america/br.json index f07b9266..f1faad85 100644 --- a/south-america/br.json +++ b/south-america/br.json @@ -857,10 +857,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "15.7% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "16.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "1.5% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.7% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1279,24 +1279,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 13, container ship 20, general cargo 38, oil tanker 27, other 790" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Belem, Itajai, Paranagua, Rio Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Santos, Sao Sebastiao, Tubarao" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "45 (2024)" }, - "oil terminal(s)": { - "text": "DTSE/Gegua oil terminal, Ilha Grande (Gebig), Guaiba Island terminal, Guamare oil terminal" + "large": { + "text": "4" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Itajai (1,610,092), Paranagua (1,044,157), Santos (4,442,876) (2021)" + "medium": { + "text": "7" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Pecem, Rio de Janiero" + "small": { + "text": "19" }, - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Manaus (Amazon)" + "very small": { + "text": "15" }, - "dry bulk cargo port(s)": { - "text": "Sepetiba ore terminal, Tubarao" + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "31" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Belem, DTSE/Gegua Oil Terminal, Itajai, Port de Salvador, Porto Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande, Santos, Tubarao, Vitoria" } } }, @@ -1338,13 +1341,13 @@ }, "Space": { "Space agency/agencies": { - "text": "Brazilian Space Agency (Agência Espacial Brasileira, AEB; established in 1994 when Brazil’s space program was transferred from the military to civilian control); National Institute for Space Research (established, 1971; part of the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovations); Space Operations Command (Armed Forces); Department of Aerospace Science and Technology (DCTA; established in 1953 as a military space research program under the Brazilian Air Force)  (2023)" + "text": "Brazilian Space Agency (Agência Espacial Brasileira, AEB; established in 1994 when Brazil’s space program was transferred from the military to civilian control); National Institute for Space Research (established, 1971; part of the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovations); Space Operations Command (Armed Forces); Department of Aerospace Science and Technology (DCTA; established in 1953 as a military space research program under the Brazilian Air Force) (2024)" }, "Space launch site(s)": { - "text": "Alcantara Launch Site (Maranhão state); Barreira do Inferno Launch Center (Rio Grande do Norte state) (2023)" + "text": "Alcantara Launch Site (Maranhão state); Barreira do Inferno Launch Center (Rio Grande do Norte state) (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "has an active program with a long history, although it has been hampered by inconsistent funding; develops, builds, operates, and tracks satellites, including communications, remote sensing (RS), multi-mission, navigational, and scientific/testing/research; satellites are launched by foreign partners, but Brazil has a long-standing sounding (research) rocket and space launch vehicle (SLV) program and rocket launch facilities; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and commercial entities, including those of Argentina, Canada, the European Space Agency and individual member states (particularly France and Germany), India, Japan, Russia, South Africa, South Korea, Ukraine, and the US; has a state-controlled communications company that operates Brazil’s communications satellites and a growing commercial space sector with expertise in satellite technology (2023)", + "text": "has an active program with a long history; develops, builds, operates, and tracks satellites, including communications, remote sensing (RS), multi-mission, navigational, and scientific/testing/research; satellites are launched by foreign partners, but Brazil has a long-standing sounding (research) rocket and space launch vehicle (SLV) program and rocket launch facilities; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and commercial entities, including those of Argentina, Canada, the European Space Agency and individual member states (particularly France and Germany), India, Japan, Russia, South Africa, South Korea, Ukraine, and the US; has a state-controlled communications company that operates Brazil’s communications satellites and a growing commercial space sector with expertise in satellite technology (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S" } }, diff --git a/south-america/ci.json b/south-america/ci.json index 6d054a1e..8188cbad 100644 --- a/south-america/ci.json +++ b/south-america/ci.json @@ -818,10 +818,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "16% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.5% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "2.9% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.4% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1195,15 +1195,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 3, container ship 5, general cargo 66, oil tanker 14, other 161" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Coronel, Huasco, Lirquen, Puerto Ventanas, San Antonio, San Vicente, Valparaiso" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "39 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "San Antonio (1,840,458), Valparaiso (793,118) (2021)" + "large": { + "text": "0" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Mejillones, Quintero" + "medium": { + "text": "2" + }, + "small": { + "text": "10" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "27" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "25" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Antofagasta, Bahia De Valdivia, Bahia De Valparaiso, Coronel, Iquique, Mejillones, Puerto Montt, Puerto San Antonio, Rada De Arica, Rada Punta Arenas, Talcahuano, Tocopilla" } } }, @@ -1245,10 +1257,10 @@ }, "Space": { "Space agency/agencies": { - "text": "the Chilean Space Agency was established in 2001 and dissolved in 2014, at which time the space program became part of the Ministry of Defense; the Ministry of Science also participates in Chile’s space program (2023)" + "text": "the Chilean Space Agency was established in 2001 and dissolved in 2014, at which time the space program became part of the Ministry of Defense; the Ministry of Science also participates in Chile’s space program (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "has a space program with a considerable history and largely focused on the acquisition and operation of satellites; operates foreign-built satellites and satellite ground stations; building small remote sensing (RS) satellites; researching and developing additional capabilities and technologies associated with the production of satellites and satellite sub-systems; is a world leader in astronomy and astrophysics (Chile’s Atacama Desert, where the skies are exceptionally clear and dry for more than 300 days a year, is home to more than a dozen astronomical observatories including the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, the Las Campanas Observatory, and the European Southern Observatory); Chile is also home to several astronomy institutes; has established relations with space agencies and industries of Canada, China, France, India, Israel, Mexico, Russia, the UK, and the US (2023)", + "text": "has a space program with a considerable history and largely focused on the acquisition and operation of satellites; operates foreign-built satellites and satellite ground stations; building small remote sensing (RS) satellites; researching and developing additional capabilities and technologies associated with the production of satellites and satellite sub-systems; is a world leader in astronomy and astrophysics (Chile’s Atacama Desert, where the skies are exceptionally clear and dry for more than 300 days a year, is home to more than a dozen astronomical observatories including the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, the Las Campanas Observatory, and the European Southern Observatory); Chile is also home to several astronomy institutes; has established relations with space agencies and industries of Canada, China, France, India, Israel, Mexico, Russia, the UK, and the US (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S" } }, diff --git a/south-america/co.json b/south-america/co.json index e22433e8..cdd028f0 100644 --- a/south-america/co.json +++ b/south-america/co.json @@ -826,10 +826,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "19.2% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "3% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.5% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1219,23 +1219,31 @@ "text": "general cargo 28, oil tanker 13, other 112" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Atlantic Ocean (Caribbean) - Cartagena, Santa Marta, Turbo
Pacific Ocean - Buenaventura" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "14 (2024)" }, - "oil terminal(s)": { - "text": "Covenas offshore terminal" + "large": { + "text": "0" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Buenaventura (1,082,746), Cartagena (3,343,810) (2021)" + "medium": { + "text": "2" }, - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Barranquilla (Rio Magdalena)" + "small": { + "text": "8" }, - "dry bulk cargo port(s)": { - "text": "Puerto Bolivar (coal)" + "very small": { + "text": "3" }, - "note": "Pacific Ocean - Buenaventura" + "size unknown": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "10" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Barranquilla, Buenaventura, Cartagena, Covenas, El Bosque, Mamonal, Pozos Colorados, Puerto Bolivar, Puerto Prodeco, Santa Marta" + } } }, "Military and Security": { @@ -1278,10 +1286,10 @@ }, "Space": { "Space agency/agencies": { - "text": "Colombian Space Commission (Comision Colombiana Del Espacio, CCE; established 2006); Air and Space Operations Command (Colombian military); note – the Colombian Space Agency (Agencia Espacial Del Colombia, AEC) is a private, non-profit agency established in 2017  (2023)" + "text": "Colombian Space Commission (Comision Colombiana Del Espacio, CCE; established 2006); Air and Space Operations Command (Colombian military); note – the Colombian Space Agency (Agencia Espacial Del Colombia, AEC) is a private, non-profit agency established in 2017 (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "has a small program focused on acquiring satellites, particularly remote sensing (RS) satellites; operates satellites and produces nanosatellites; researches other space technologies, including telecommunications, satellite navigation, and astronautics; has relations with a variety of foreign space agencies or commercial space industries, including those of Denmark, India, Russia, the US, and some members of the Latin American and Caribbean Space Agency (ALCE) (2023)", + "text": "has a small program focused on acquiring satellites, particularly remote sensing (RS) satellites; operates satellites and produces nanosatellites; researches other space technologies, including telecommunications, satellite navigation, and astronautics; has relations with a variety of foreign space agencies or commercial space industries, including those of Denmark, India, Russia, Sweden, the US, and some members of the Latin American and Caribbean Space Agency (ALCE) (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S" } }, diff --git a/south-america/ec.json b/south-america/ec.json index 3c5c2abf..e8ed6cf9 100644 --- a/south-america/ec.json +++ b/south-america/ec.json @@ -829,10 +829,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "26.2% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "26.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "0.8% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "0.8% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1197,15 +1197,27 @@ "text": "container ship 1, general cargo 8, oil tanker 28, other 117" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Esmeraldas, Manta, Puerto Bolivar" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "6 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Guayaquil (2,163,151) (2021)" + "large": { + "text": "0" }, - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Guayaquil (Guayas)" + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "4" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "5" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Esmeraldas, Guayaquil, La Libertad, Manta, Puerto Bolivar, Puerto Maritimo De Guayaquil" } } }, @@ -1247,10 +1259,10 @@ }, "Space": { "Space agency/agencies": { - "text": "Ecuadorian Civilian Space Agency (EXA; a private research and development institution in charge of the administration and execution of Ecuador’s space program, established 2007); Ecuadorian Space Institute (established 2012, disbanded 2018) (2023)" + "text": "Ecuadorian Civilian Space Agency (EXA; a civilian independent research and development institution in charge of the administration and execution of Ecuador’s space program, established 2007); Ecuadorian Space Institute (established 2012, disbanded 2018) (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "has a small program focused on acquiring or manufacturing satellites; builds scientific satellites; conducts research and develops some space-related technologies; has established relations with the space agencies and industries of China and Russia, as well as the Latin American and Caribbean Space Agency (ALCE) and its member states (2023)", + "text": "has a small program focused on acquiring or manufacturing satellites; builds scientific satellites; conducts research and develops some space-related technologies; has established relations with the space agencies and industries of China and Russia, as well as the Latin American and Caribbean Space Agency (ALCE) and its member states (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S" } }, diff --git a/south-america/fk.json b/south-america/fk.json index 9006678d..b263b451 100644 --- a/south-america/fk.json +++ b/south-america/fk.json @@ -727,8 +727,26 @@ "text": "general cargo 1, other 1" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "1 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { "text": "Stanley" } } diff --git a/south-america/gy.json b/south-america/gy.json index fe19d31c..30fa369d 100644 --- a/south-america/gy.json +++ b/south-america/gy.json @@ -1129,9 +1129,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 45, oil tanker 10, other 25" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Georgetown" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "3 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "3" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Georgetown, Linden, New Amsterdam" } } }, diff --git a/south-america/ns.json b/south-america/ns.json index d4262461..9637f252 100644 --- a/south-america/ns.json +++ b/south-america/ns.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "First explored by the Spaniards in the 16th century and then settled by the English in the mid-17th century, Suriname became a Dutch colony in 1667. With the abolition of African slavery in 1863, workers were brought in from India and Java. The Netherlands granted the colony independence in 1975. Five years later, the civilian government was replaced by a military regime that soon declared Suriname a socialist republic. It continued to exert control through a succession of nominally civilian administrations until 1987, when international pressure finally forced a democratic election. In 1990, the military overthrew the civilian leadership, but a democratically elected government - a four-party coalition - returned to power in 1991. The coalition expanded to eight parties in 2005 and ruled until August 2010, when voters returned former military leader Desire BOUTERSE and his opposition coalition to power. President BOUTERSE was reelected unopposed in 2015. Opposition parties campaigned hard against BOUTERSE in the lead up to the May 2020 elections and, in July 2020, a multi-party coalition led by Chandrikapersad SANTOKHI’s VHP and Ronnie Brunswijk’s ABOP was installed. The SANTOKHI government promised to tackle COVID-19, the economic crisis it inherited, and corruption." + "text": "The Spaniards first explored Suriname in the 16th century, and the English then settled it in the mid-17th century. Suriname became a Dutch colony in 1667. With the abolition of African slavery in 1863, workers were brought in from India and Java. The Netherlands granted the colony independence in 1975. Five years later, the civilian government was replaced by a military regime that soon declared Suriname a socialist republic. It continued to exert control through a succession of nominally civilian administrations until 1987, when international pressure finally forced a democratic election. In 1990, the military overthrew the civilian leadership, but a democratically elected government -- a four-party coalition -- returned to power in 1991. The coalition expanded to eight parties in 2005 and ruled until 2010, when voters returned former military leader Desire BOUTERSE and his opposition coalition to power. President BOUTERSE ran unopposed in 2015 and was reelected. Opposition parties campaigned hard against BOUTERSE in the run-up to the 2020 elections, and a multi-party coalition led by Chandrikapersad SANTOKHI’s VHP and Ronnie Brunswijk’s ABOP was installed. " } }, "Geography": { @@ -1143,9 +1143,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 5, oil tanker 3, other 5" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Paramaribo, Wageningen" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "4 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "3" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "3" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Moengo, Nieuw Nickerie, Paramaribo, Paranam" } } }, diff --git a/south-america/pa.json b/south-america/pa.json index d708ea79..63fd7bcb 100644 --- a/south-america/pa.json +++ b/south-america/pa.json @@ -807,10 +807,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "31.7% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "30.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "4.2% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "4.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1187,9 +1187,27 @@ "text": "container ship 2, general cargo 22, oil tanker 5, other 79" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Asuncion, Villeta, San Antonio, Encarnacion (Parana)" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "1 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "0" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Puerto De Asuncion" } } }, diff --git a/south-america/pe.json b/south-america/pe.json index dc5403cb..2faf781f 100644 --- a/south-america/pe.json +++ b/south-america/pe.json @@ -849,10 +849,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "26.3% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "26.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "2.4% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "2.4% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1246,18 +1246,27 @@ "text": "general cargo 1, oil tanker 9, other 101" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Callao, Matarani, Paita" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "20 (2024)" }, - "oil terminal(s)": { - "text": "Conchan oil terminal, La Pampilla oil terminal" + "large": { + "text": "0" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Balboa (3,563,432); Callao (2,486,425) (2021)" + "medium": { + "text": "1" }, - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Iquitos, Pucallpa, Yurimaguas (Amazon)" + "small": { + "text": "3" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "16" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "16" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Bahia De Matarani, Iquitos, Puerto Del Callao, Talara" } } }, diff --git a/south-america/sx.json b/south-america/sx.json index 48ac168a..d7e15560 100644 --- a/south-america/sx.json +++ b/south-america/sx.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "The islands, with large bird and seal populations, lie approximately 1,000 km east of the Falkland Islands and have been under British administration since 1908 - except for a brief period in 1982 when Argentina occupied them. Grytviken, on South Georgia, was a 19th and early 20th century whaling station. Famed explorer Ernest SHACKLETON stopped there in 1914 en route to his ill-fated attempt to cross Antarctica on foot. He returned some 20 months later with a few companions in a small boat and arranged a successful rescue for the rest of his crew, stranded off the Antarctic Peninsula. He died in 1922 on a subsequent expedition and is buried in Grytviken. Today, the station houses scientists from the British Antarctic Survey. Recognizing the importance of preserving the marine stocks in adjacent waters, the UK, in 1993, extended the exclusive fishing zone from 12 nm to 200 nm around each island." + "text": "South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands lie approximately 1,000 km east of the Falkland Islands and have been under British administration since 1908 -- except for a brief period in 1982 when Argentina occupied them. Grytviken, on South Georgia, was a 19th- and early 20th-century whaling station. Famed explorer Ernest SHACKLETON stopped there in 1914 en route to his ill-fated attempt to cross Antarctica on foot. He returned some 20 months later with a few companions in a small boat and arranged a successful rescue for the rest of his crew, which was stranded off the Antarctic Peninsula. He died in 1922 on a subsequent expedition and is buried in Grytviken. Today, the station houses scientists from the British Antarctic Survey. Recognizing the importance of preserving the marine stocks in adjacent waters, the UK extended the exclusive fishing zone in 1993, from 12 nm to 200 nm around each island." } }, "Geography": { @@ -140,9 +140,27 @@ "Heliports": { "text": "1 (2024)" }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Grytviken" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "3 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "3" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Grytviken, Prince Olav Harbor, Stromness Harbor" } } }, diff --git a/south-america/uy.json b/south-america/uy.json index 6d44a269..ae3b38b3 100644 --- a/south-america/uy.json +++ b/south-america/uy.json @@ -826,10 +826,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "18.6% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.8% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "1.3% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1207,9 +1207,27 @@ "text": "container ship 1, general cargo 4, oil tanker 3, other 50" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Montevideo" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "8 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "1" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "6" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "2" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Colonia, Fray Bentos, Jose Ignacio, La Paloma, Montevideo, Nueva Palmira, Paysandu, Puerto Sauce" } } }, diff --git a/south-america/ve.json b/south-america/ve.json index 0b2ed8dc..50e75cc9 100644 --- a/south-america/ve.json +++ b/south-america/ve.json @@ -782,10 +782,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "19.1% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "18.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "3.8% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.8% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1161,12 +1161,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 3, container ship 1, general cargo 26, oil tanker 17, other 225" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "La Guaira, Maracaibo, Puerto Cabello, Punta Cardon" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "31 (2024)" }, - "oil terminal(s)": { - "text": "Jose terminal" + "large": { + "text": "1" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "2" + }, + "small": { + "text": "11" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "17" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "21" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Amuay (Bahia De Amuay), Bahia De Pertigalete, Ciudad Bolivar, Guanta, La Guaira, La Salina, Las Piedras, Maracaibo, Puerto Cabello, Puerto De Hierro, Puerto La Cruz, Puerto Miranda, Puerto Ordaz, Punta Cardon" } } }, diff --git a/south-asia/af.json b/south-asia/af.json index 12c65f51..f03240d0 100644 --- a/south-asia/af.json +++ b/south-asia/af.json @@ -1132,11 +1132,6 @@ }, "Waterways": { "text": "1,200 km (2011) (chiefly Amu Darya, which handles vessels up to 500 DWT)" - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Hairatan, Qizil Qal`ah (Amu Darya)" - } } }, "Military and Security": { diff --git a/south-asia/bg.json b/south-asia/bg.json index 6954fc93..35c68147 100644 --- a/south-asia/bg.json +++ b/south-asia/bg.json @@ -831,10 +831,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "53.5% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "52.7% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "1.9% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "2.1% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1246,24 +1246,33 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 68, container ship 10, general cargo 170, oil tanker 162, other 148" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Chattogram (Chittagong)" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "2 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Chattogram (Chittagong) (3,214,548) (2021)" + "large": { + "text": "0" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Moheshkhali (2 FSRU)" + "medium": { + "text": "1" }, - "river port(s)": { - "text": "Mongla Port (Sela River)" + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "0" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Chittagong, Mongla" } } }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Armed Forces of Bangladesh (aka Bangladesh Defense Force): Bangladesh Army, Bangladesh Navy, Bangladesh Air Force

Ministry of Home Affairs: Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB), Bangladesh Coast Guard, Rapid Action Battalion (RAB), Ansars, Village Defense Party (VDP) (2023)", + "text": "Armed Forces of Bangladesh (aka Bangladesh Defense Force): Bangladesh Army, Bangladesh Navy, Bangladesh Air Force

Ministry of Home Affairs: Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB), Bangladesh Coast Guard, Rapid Action Battalion (RAB), Ansars, Village Defense Party (VDP) (2024)", "note": "note 1: the Armed Forces of Bangladesh are jointly administered by the Ministry of Defense (MOD) and the Armed Forces Division (AFD), both under the Prime Minister's Office; the AFD has ministerial status and parallel functions with MOD; the AFD is a joint coordinating headquarters for the three services and also functions as a joint command center during wartime; to coordinate policy, the prime minister and the president are advised by a six-member board, which includes the three service chiefs of staff, the principal staff officer of the AFD, and the military secretaries to the prime minister and president

note 2: the RAB, Ansars, and VDP are paramilitary organizations for internal security; the RAB is a joint task force founded in 2004 and composed of members of the police, Army, Navy, Air Force, and Border Guards seconded to the RAB from their respective units; its mandate includes internal security, intelligence gathering related to criminal activities, and government-directed investigations" }, "Military expenditures": { @@ -1297,7 +1306,7 @@ "note": "note: as of early 2024, Bangladesh had nearly 6,000 total military and police personnel deployed on UN missions" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the military’s primary responsibility is external defense but it also has a domestic security role and has traditionally been a significant player in the country’s politics, as well as its economy; the military has a long history of participating in UN peacekeeping missions, which has provided operational experience and a source of funding; it runs an international institute for the training of peacekeepers; the military also conducts multinational and bilateral exercises with foreign partners, particularly India; it has commercial business interests in such areas as banking, food, hotels, manufacturing, real estate, and shipbuilding, and manages government infrastructure and construction projects

the Army is the dominant service and its primary combat forces are approximately 10 infantry divisions, complemented by several independent brigades and regiments of armor, artillery, and commandos; it maintains a large presence in the Chittagong Hills area where it conducted counterinsurgency operations against tribal guerrillas from the 1970s until the late 1990s; the Navy conducts both coastal and blue water operations and participates in UN and humanitarian missions and multinational exercises; its principal surface warships are a mix of frigates, corvettes, and large patrol ships; it also has a few attack submarines; the Air Force has several squadrons equipped Chinese- and Russian-made combat aircraft; the Air Force has about 50 mostly Chinese- and Russian-made combat aircraft organized into several squadrons (2023)" + "text": "the military’s primary responsibility is external defense but it also has a domestic security role and has traditionally been a significant player in the country’s politics, as well as its economy; the military has a long history of participating in UN peacekeeping missions, which has provided operational experience and a source of funding; it runs an international institute for the training of peacekeepers; the military also conducts multinational and bilateral exercises with foreign partners, particularly India; it has commercial business interests in such areas as banking, food, hotels, manufacturing, real estate, and shipbuilding, and manages government infrastructure and construction projects

the Army is the dominant service and its primary combat forces are approximately 10 infantry divisions, supplemented by several independent brigades and regiments of armor, artillery, and commandos; it maintains a large presence in the Chittagong Hills area where it conducted counterinsurgency operations against tribal guerrillas from the 1970s until the late 1990s; the Navy conducts both coastal and blue water operations and participates in UN and humanitarian missions and multinational exercises; its principal surface warships are a mix of frigates, corvettes, and large patrol ships; it also has a few attack submarines; the Air Force has several squadrons equipped Chinese- and Russian-made combat aircraft; the Air Force has several squadrons of mostly Chinese- and Russian-made combat aircraft  (2024)" } }, "Space": { diff --git a/south-asia/bt.json b/south-asia/bt.json index 6db4f781..2d8c1a26 100644 --- a/south-asia/bt.json +++ b/south-asia/bt.json @@ -1096,10 +1096,10 @@ }, "Space": { "Space agency/agencies": { - "text": "announced in 2018 that it intends to establish a space agency, but has not yet done so (2023)" + "text": "announced in 2018 that it intends to establish a space agency, but has not yet done so; has a Division of Telecom and Space (DoTS) under the GovTech Agency (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "has a small, recently established program focused on acquiring satellites and developing the capabilities to manufacture satellites; cooperates with India (2023)", + "text": "has a small, recently established program focused on acquiring satellites and developing the capabilities to manufacture satellites; cooperates with India and the US (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S" } }, diff --git a/south-asia/ce.json b/south-asia/ce.json index ece4fb43..a6a7bbd7 100644 --- a/south-asia/ce.json +++ b/south-asia/ce.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

The first Sinhalese arrived in Sri Lanka late in the 6th century B.C., probably from northern India. Buddhism was introduced circa 250 B.C., and the first kingdoms developed at the cities of Anuradhapura (from circa 200 B.C. to circa A.D. 1000) and Polonnaruwa (from about 1070 to 1200). In the 14th century, a south Indian dynasty established a Tamil kingdom in northern Sri Lanka. The Portuguese controlled the coastal areas of the island in the 16th century followed by the Dutch in the 17th century. The island was ceded to the British in 1796, became a crown colony in 1802, and was formally united under British rule by 1815. As Ceylon, it became independent in 1948; its name was changed to Sri Lanka in 1972. Prevailing tensions between the Sinhalese majority and Tamil separatists erupted into war in July 1983. Fighting between the government and Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) continued for over a quarter century. Although Norway brokered peace negotiations that led to a cease-fire in 2002, the fighting slowly resumed and was again in full force by 2006. The government defeated the LTTE in May 2009.

During the post-conflict years under then-President Mahinda RAJAPAKSA, the government initiated infrastructure development projects, many of which were financed by loans from China. His regime faced significant allegations of human rights violations and a shrinking democratic space for civil society.  In 2015, a new coalition government headed by then-President Maithripala SIRISENA of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party and then-Prime Minister Ranil WICKREMESINGHE of the United National Party came to power with pledges to advance economic, governance, anti-corruption, reconciliation, justice, and accountability reforms. However, implementation of these reforms was uneven. In November 2019, Gotabaya RAJAPAKSA won the presidential election and appointed his brother, Mahinda, prime minister. Following Gotabaya RAJAPAKSA’s election, civil society raised concerns about his administration’s commitment to pursuing justice, human rights, and accountability reforms, as well as the risks to foreign creditors that Sri Lanka faces given its ongoing economic crisis. A combination of factors including the impact of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic; severe shortages of food, medicine, and fuel; and power outages triggered increasingly violent protests in Columbo beginning in March 2022. In May 2022, longtime parliamentarian and former five-time prime minister, Ranil WICKREMESINGHE replaced Mahinda RAJAPASKA as prime-minister and then in July 2022, Gotabaya RAJAPAKSA fled from office in response to protests, and parliament subsequently elected WICKREMESINGHE president. Later that month, WICKREMESINGHE appointed Dinesh GUNAWARDENA to replace him as prime minister.

" + "text": "

The first Sinhalese arrived in Sri Lanka late in the 6th century B.C., probably from northern India. Buddhism was introduced circa 250 B.C., and the first kingdoms developed at the cities of Anuradhapura (from about 200 B.C. to about A.D. 1000) and Polonnaruwa (from about A.D. 1070 to 1200). In the 14th century, a South Indian dynasty established a Tamil kingdom in northern Sri Lanka. The Portuguese controlled the coastal areas of the island in the 16th century, followed by the Dutch in the 17th century. The island was ceded to the British in 1796, became a crown colony in 1802, and was formally united under British rule by 1815. As Ceylon, it became independent in 1948; the name was changed to Sri Lanka in 1972. Prevailing tensions between the Sinhalese majority and Tamil separatists erupted into war in 1983. Fighting between the government and Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) continued for over a quarter-century. Although Norway brokered peace negotiations that led to a cease-fire in 2002, the fighting slowly resumed and was again in full force by 2006. The government defeated the LTTE in 2009.

During the post-conflict years under then-President Mahinda RAJAPAKSA, the government initiated infrastructure development projects, many of which were financed by loans from China. His regime faced allegations of human rights violations and a shrinking democratic space for civil society.  In 2015, a new coalition government headed by President Maithripala SIRISENA of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party and Prime Minister Ranil WICKREMESINGHE of the United National Party came to power with pledges to advance economic, political, and judicial reforms. However, implementation of these reforms was uneven. In 2019, Gotabaya RAJAPAKSA won the presidential election and appointed his brother Mahinda prime minister. Civil society raised concerns about the RAJAPAKSA administration’s commitment to pursuing justice, human rights, and accountability reforms, as well as the risks to foreign creditors that Sri Lanka faced given its ongoing economic crisis. A combination of factors including the COVID-19 pandemic; severe shortages of food, medicine, and fuel; and power outages triggered increasingly violent protests in Columbo beginning in 2022. In response, WICKREMESINGHE -- who had already served as prime minister five times -- was named to replace the prime minister, but he became president within a few months when Gotabaya RAJAPAKSA fled the country. 

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -815,10 +815,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "28% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "27.7% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "2% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "3.4% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1202,12 +1202,30 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 5, general cargo 15, oil tanker 11, other 65" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Colombo" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "6 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Colombo (7,250,000) (2021)" + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "2" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "size unknown": { + "text": "2" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "2" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Batticaloa Roads, Colombo, Galle Harbor, Hambantota, Kankesanturai, Trincomalee Harbor" } } }, diff --git a/south-asia/in.json b/south-asia/in.json index 39d254f2..66b98044 100644 --- a/south-asia/in.json +++ b/south-asia/in.json @@ -852,10 +852,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "29.8% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "32.1% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "2.4% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "2.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1266,15 +1266,30 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 66, container ship 22, general cargo 607, oil tanker 144, other 1020" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Chennai, Jawaharal Nehru Port, Kandla, Kolkata (Calcutta), Mumbai (Bombay), Sikka, Vishakhapatnam" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "56 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Jawaharal Nehru Port (5,630,000), Mundra (6,660,000) (2021)" + "large": { + "text": "4" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Dabhol, Dahej, Dhamra, Ennore, Hazira, Kochi, Mundra" + "medium": { + "text": "4" + }, + "small": { + "text": "13" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "30" + }, + "size unknown": { + "text": "5" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "18" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Calcutta, Chennai (Madras), Jawaharlal Nehru Port (Nhava Shiva), Kattupalli Port, Kochi (Cochin), Mumbai (Bombay), New Mangalore, Vishakhapatnam" } } }, diff --git a/south-asia/io.json b/south-asia/io.json index 9c2dbeaf..b2a8b0d4 100644 --- a/south-asia/io.json +++ b/south-asia/io.json @@ -247,8 +247,26 @@ "Roadways": { "text": "

note: short section of paved road between port and airfield on Diego Garcia

" }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "1 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { "text": "Diego Garcia" } } diff --git a/south-asia/mv.json b/south-asia/mv.json index 3e1a35fd..c44c5484 100644 --- a/south-asia/mv.json +++ b/south-asia/mv.json @@ -1118,8 +1118,26 @@ "text": "general cargo 30, oil tanker 20, other 32" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "1 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "1" + }, + "key ports": { "text": "Male" } } diff --git a/south-asia/pk.json b/south-asia/pk.json index cc53bd1b..f09c3377 100644 --- a/south-asia/pk.json +++ b/south-asia/pk.json @@ -849,10 +849,10 @@ }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { - "text": "39.5% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "39.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "1.1% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" + "text": "1.1% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { @@ -1261,15 +1261,27 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 5, oil tanker 9, other 46" } }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Karachi, Port Muhammad Bin Qasim" + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "3 (2024)" }, - "container port(s) (TEUs)": { - "text": "Karachi (2,097,855) (2019)" + "large": { + "text": "0" }, - "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { - "text": "Port Qasim" + "medium": { + "text": "2" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "0" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "2" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Gwadar, Karachi, Muhamamad Bin Qasim" } } }, diff --git a/world/xx.json b/world/xx.json index 01177385..7d23c60d 100644 --- a/world/xx.json +++ b/world/xx.json @@ -815,9 +815,6 @@ "by type": { "text": "bulk carrier 13,141, container ship 5,815, general cargo 19,918, oil tanker 11,604, other 53,099" } - }, - "Ports and terminals": { - "text": "top twenty container ports as measured by Twenty-Foot Equivalent Units (TEUs) throughput: Shanghai (China) - 47,030,300; Singapore (Singapore) - 37,470,000; Ningbo (China) - 31,070,000; Shenzhen (China) - 28,767,600; Guangzhou (China) - 24,180,000; Qingdao (China) - 23,710,000; Busan (South Korea) - 22,706,130; Tianjin (China) - 20,269,400; Hong Kong (China) - 17,798,000; Rotterdam (Netherlands) - 15,300,000; Dubai (UAE) - 13,742,000; Port Kelang (Malaysia) - 13,724,460; Xiamen (China) - 12,045,700; Antwerp (Belgium) - 12,020,000; Tanjung Pelepas (Malaysia) - 11,200,000; Los Angeles (US) - 10,677,610; Kaohsiung (Taiwan) - 9,864,448; Long Beach (US) - 9,384,368; New York/New Jersey (US) - 8,985,929; Hamburg (Germany) - 8,715,000 (2021)" } }, "Military and Security": {