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34
middle-east/ae.json
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@ -297,9 +297,6 @@
"text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "NA"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "31.7% (2016)"
},
@ -1118,42 +1115,13 @@
"total": {
"text": "25"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "12"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "3"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "5"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "3"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "2 (2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
},
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "18"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "1"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "1"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "4"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "6"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "6 (2021)"
}
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
},
"Heliports": {
"text": "5 (2021)"

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middle-east/aj.json
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>Azerbaijan - a secular nation with a majority-Turkic and majority-Shia Muslim population - was briefly independent (from 1918 to 1920) following the collapse of the Russian Empire; it was subsequently incorporated into the Soviet Union for seven decades. Azerbaijan remains involved in the protracted Nagorno-Karabakh conflict with Armenia. Nagorno-Karabakh was a primarily ethnic Armenian region that Moscow recognized in 1923 as an autonomous oblast within Soviet Azerbaijan. In the late Soviet period, a separatist movement developed which sought to end Azerbaijani control over the region. Fighting over Nagorno-Karabakh began in 1988 and escalated after Armenia and Azerbaijan attained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By the time a ceasefire took effect in May 1994, separatists, with Armenian support, controlled Nagorno‑Karabakh and seven surrounding Azerbaijani territories.</p> <p>Under the terms of a cease-fire agreement following Azerbaijan’s victory in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War that took place from September-November 2020, Armenia returned to Azerbaijan the remaining territories it had occupied and also the southern part of Nagorno-Karabakh, including the culturally and historically important city that Azerbaijanis call Shusha and Armenians call Shushi. Despite Azerbaijan’s territorial gains, peace in the region remains elusive because of unsettled issues concerning the delimitation of borders, the opening of regional transportation and communication links, the status of ethnic enclaves near border regions, and the final status of the Nagorno-Karabakh region. Russian peacekeepers deployed to Nagorno-Karabakh to supervise the cease-fire for a minimum five-year term did not prevent the outbreak of sporadic, low-level military clashes along the Azerbaijan-Armenia border in 2021.<br><br>In the three decades following its independence in 1991, Azerbaijan has succeeded in significantly reducing the poverty rate and has directed revenues from its oil and gas production to develop the country’s infrastructure. However, corruption remains a burden on the economy, and Western observers and members of the country’s political opposition have accused the government of authoritarianism, pointing to elections that are neither free nor fair, state control of the media, and the systematic abuse of human rights targeting individuals and groups who are perceived as threats to the administration. The country’s leadership has remained in the ALIYEV family since Heydar ALIYEV, formerly the most highly ranked Azerbaijani member of the Communist Party during the Soviet period, became president in the midst of the first Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1993. Heydar ALIYEV groomed his son to succeed him, and Ilham ALIYEV subsequently became president in 2003. As a result of two national referendums that eliminated presidential term limits and extended the presidential term from 5 to 7 years, President ALIYEV secured a fourth term in April 2018 in an election that international observers noted had serious shortcomings. Reforms are underway to diversify the country’s economy away from its dependence on oil and gas; additional reforms are needed to address weaknesses in government institutions, particularly in the education and health sectors, and the court system.</p>"
"text": "<p>Azerbaijan - a secular nation with a majority-Turkic and majority-Shia Muslim population - was briefly independent (from 1918 to 1920) following the collapse of the Russian Empire; it was subsequently incorporated into the Soviet Union for seven decades. Since 1991, Azerbaijan has had a protracted conflict with Armenia over the Nagorno-Karabakh region, populated largely by ethnic Armenians but incorporated into Soviet Azerbaijan as an autonomous oblast in the early 1920s. In the late Soviet period, an ethnic-Armenian separatist movement developed that sought to end Azerbaijani control over the region. Fighting over Nagorno-Karabakh began in 1988 and escalated after Armenia and Azerbaijan attained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By the time a ceasefire took effect in May 1994, separatists, with Armenian support, controlled Nagorno‑Karabakh and seven surrounding Azerbaijani territories.</p> <p>Efforts to negotiate a peace agreement between Azerbaijan and Armenia began in the mid-1990s under the aegis of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe’s Minsk Group, which was co-chaired by France, Russia, and the United States. At the same time, cease-fire violations and sporadic flare-ups continued. In September 2020, a second sustained conflict began when Azerbaijan took action to try to regain the territories it had lost in the 1990s. After six weeks of fighting that saw significant Azerbaijani gains, Russia brokered a cease-fire.  Armenia returned to Azerbaijan the seven territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh that it had previously occupied and also the southern part of Nagorno-Karabakh. Despite Azerbaijan’s territorial gains, peace in the region remains elusive because of unsettled issues concerning the delimitation of borders, the opening of regional transportation and communication links, the status of ethnic enclaves near border regions, and the final status of the Nagorno-Karabakh region. Russian peacekeepers deployed to Nagorno-Karabakh to supervise the cease-fire for a minimum five-year term have not prevented the outbreak of sporadic, low-level military clashes along the Azerbaijan-Armenia border and in Nagorno-Karabakh.<br><br>In the three decades since its independence in 1991, Azerbaijan has significantly reduced the poverty rate and has directed some revenue from its oil and gas production to develop the country’s infrastructure. However, corruption remains a burden on the economy, and Western observers and members of the country’s political opposition have accused the government of authoritarianism, pointing to elections that are neither free nor fair, state control of the media, and the systematic abuse of human rights targeting individuals and groups who are perceived as threats to the administration. The country’s leadership has remained in the ALIYEV family since Heydar ALIYEV, formerly the most highly ranked Azerbaijani member of the Communist Party during the Soviet period, became president in the midst of the first Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1993. Heydar ALIYEV groomed his son to succeed him, and Ilham ALIYEV subsequently became president in 2003. As a result of two national referendums that eliminated presidential term limits and extended the presidential term from 5 to 7 years, President ALIYEV secured a fourth term in April 2018 in an election that international observers noted had serious shortcomings. Reforms are underway to diversify the country’s economy away from its dependence on oil and gas; additional reforms are needed to address weaknesses in government institutions, particularly in the education and health sectors, and the court system.</p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -299,9 +299,6 @@
"text": "total: (2020 est.) NA"
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "0.1% (2021 est.)"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "19.9% (2016)"
},
@ -822,17 +819,6 @@
"text": "27.4% (2008)"
}
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "2.79% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "3.29% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2019": {
"text": "2.65% of GDP (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Budget": {
"revenues": {
"text": "$19.95 billion (2019 est.)"
@ -1149,30 +1135,13 @@
"total": {
"text": "30"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "5"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "5"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "13"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "4"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "3 (2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
},
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "7"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "7 (2021)"
}
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
},
"Heliports": {
"text": "1 (2021)"
@ -1254,9 +1223,6 @@
"text": "<p>Local border forces struggle to control the illegal transit of goods and people across the porous, undemarcated Armenian, Azerbaijani, and Georgian borders.<br><br><em>Armenia-Azerbaijan:</em> The dispute over the break-away Nagorno-Karabakh region and the Armenian military occupation of surrounding lands in Azerbaijan remains the primary focus of regional instability. Residents have evacuated the former Soviet-era small ethnic enclaves in Armenia and Azerbaijan.<br><br><em>Azerbaijan-Georgia:</em> A joint boundary commission agrees on most of the alignment, leaving only small areas at certain crossing points in dispute.  Consequently, the two states have yet to agree on a delimitation or demarcation of their common boundary. One area of contention is where the international boundary should run through the 6th-13th Century David-Gareja monastery complex.<br><br><em>Azerbaijan-Iran:</em> none identified<br><br><em>Azerbaijan-Russia: </em>Russia complains of cross-border smuggling.<br><br><em>Azerbaijan-Turkey:</em> none identified<br><br><em>Caspian Sea (Maritime Boundary):</em> Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia ratified the Caspian seabed delimitation treaties based on equidistance, while Iran continues to insist on a one-fifth slice of the sea. Bilateral talks continue with Turkmenistan on dividing the seabed and contested oilfields in the middle of the Caspian.</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "5,031 (Ukraine) (as of 13 March 2023)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "655,000 (conflict with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh; IDPs are mainly ethnic Azerbaijanis but also include ethnic Kurds, Russians, and Turks predominantly from occupied territories around Nagorno-Karabakh; includes IDPs' descendants, returned IDPs, and people living in insecure areas and excludes people displaced by natural disasters; around half the IDPs live in the capital Baku) (2021)"
},

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middle-east/am.json
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>Armenia prides itself on being the first nation to formally adopt Christianity (early 4th century). Despite periods of autonomy, over the centuries Armenia came under the sway of various empires including the Roman, Byzantine, Arab, Persian, and Ottoman. During World War I in the western portion of Armenia, the Ottoman Empire instituted a policy of forced resettlement coupled with other harsh practices that resulted in at least 1 million Armenian deaths - actions widely recognized as constituting genocide. The eastern area of Armenia was ceded by the Ottomans to Russia in 1828; this portion declared its independence in 1918, but was conquered by the Soviet Red Army in 1920.</p> <p>Armenia remains involved in the protracted struggle with Azerbaijan over control of Nagorno-Karabakh, a primarily ethnic Armenian region that Moscow recognized in 1923 as an autonomous oblast within Soviet Azerbaijan. In the late Soviet period, a separatist movement developed that sought to end Azerbaijani control over the region. Fighting over Nagorno-Karabakh began in 1988 and escalated after Armenia and Azerbaijan attained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By the time a cease-fire took effect in May 1994, separatists, with Armenian support, controlled Nagorno‑Karabakh and seven surrounding Azerbaijani territories. Following the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War in September-November 2020, Armenia lost control over much of the territory it had captured a quarter century earlier. Under the terms of a cease-fire agreement signed in November 2020, Armenia returned to Azerbaijan the remaining territories it occupied and some parts of the Nagorno-Karabakh region, including the key city that Armenians call Shushi and Azerbaijanis call Shusha.</p> <p>Turkey closed the common border with Armenia in 1993 in support of Azerbaijan in its conflict with Armenia over control of Nagorno-Karabakh and surrounding areas, further hampering Armenian economic growth. In 2009, Armenia and Turkey signed Protocols normalizing relations between the two countries, but neither country ratified the Protocols, and Armenia officially withdrew from the Protocols in March 2018. In 2015, Armenia joined the Eurasian Economic Union alongside Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. In November 2017, Armenia signed a Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement (CEPA) with the EU.</p> <p>In spring 2018, former President of Armenia (2008-18) Serzh SARGSIAN of the Republican Party of Armenia (RPA) tried to extend his time in power by becoming prime minister, prompting popular protests that became known as the “Velvet Revolution” after SARGSIAN was forced to resign. The leader of the protests, Civil Contract party chief Nikol PASHINYAN, was elected by the National Assembly as the new prime minister on 8 May 2018. PASHINYAN’s party prevailed in an early legislative election in December 2018, and he was reelected as prime minister. </p>"
"text": "<p>Armenia prides itself on being the first state to formally adopt Christianity (early 4th century). Armenia has existed as a political entity for centuries with varying geographical boundaries and differing levels of political independence, but for much of its history it was under the sway of various empires including the Roman, Byzantine, Arab, Persian, Ottoman, and Russian. During World War I, the Ottoman Empire instituted a policy of forced resettlement coupled with other harsh practices targeting its Armenian subjects, especially those living in the eastern provinces of Anatolia, that resulted in at least 1 million Armenian deaths; these actions have been widely recognized as constituting genocide. During the early 19th century, significant Armenian populations fell under Russian rule as a result of Russian military successes against the Persian (1813) and Ottoman (1828) empires. After the Bolshevik Revolution toppled the last Russian tsar in 1917, Armenia declared its independence in 1918, but was conquered by the Soviet Red Army in 1920. Armenia, along with Azerbaijan and Georgia, was initially incorporated into the USSR as part of the Transcaucasian Federated Soviet Socialist Republic; in 1936, the federated republic was separated into its three constituent entities, which were maintained until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.</p> <p>Armenia has a longstanding conflict with neighboring Azerbaijan about the status of the Nagorno-Karabakh region. The region historically had a mixed Armenian and Azerbaijani population, although ethnic Armenians have constituted the majority since the late 19th century. In 1921, Moscow placed Nagorno-Karabakh within Soviet Azerbaijan as an autonomous oblast, a decision that Armenian political leaders and the public repeatedly sought to alter through petitions and complaints, starting in the 1930s. In the late Soviet period, a separatist movement developed that sought to end Azerbaijani control over the region. Fighting over Nagorno-Karabakh began in 1988 and escalated after Armenia and Azerbaijan attained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By the time a cease-fire took effect in May 1994, separatists, with Armenian support, controlled Nagorno‑Karabakh and seven surrounding Azerbaijani territories. constituting a total of 14 percent of Azerbaijan’s overall territory. Armenia and Azerbaijan engaged in a second military conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh in September-November 2020, as a result of which Armenia lost control over much of the territory it had captured a quarter-century earlier. Under the terms of a cease-fire agreement signed in November 2020, Armenia returned the territories around Nagorno-Karabakh and some parts of Nagorno-Karabakh to Azerbaijan and accepted the deployment of Russian peacekeepers to the remainder of the region. Armenia’s only remaining territorial connection to Nagorno-Karabakh after 2020 was through the five-kilometer wide Lacin Corridor, which passed through Azerbaijani-held territory and was under the control of Russian peacekeepers. </p> <p>Turkey closed its common border with Armenia in 1993 in support of Azerbaijan during the first period of conflict with Armenia and has maintained a closed border since then, leaving Armenia with closed borders both in the west (with Turkey) and east (with Azerbaijan). Armenia and Turkey engaged in intensive diplomacy to normalize their relations and open the border in 2009, but the signed agreement was not ratified in either country and became a dead letter in 2018, when Armenia officially withdrew its signature. In 2015, Armenia joined the Eurasian Economic Union alongside Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. In November 2017, Armenia signed a Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement (CEPA) with the EU.</p> <p>In spring 2018, former President of Armenia (2008-18) Serzh SARGSIAN of the Republican Party of Armenia (RPA) tried to extend his time in power by becoming prime minister, prompting popular protests that became known as the “Velvet Revolution.” After SARGSIAN resigned, the leader of the protests, Civil Contract party chief Nikol PASHINYAN, was elected by the National Assembly as the new prime minister on 8 May 2018. PASHINYAN’s party has prevailed in subsequent legislative elections, most recently in June 2021. </p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -294,9 +294,6 @@
"text": "total: 5.6% of population (2020 est.)"
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "NA"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "20.2% (2016)"
},
@ -812,17 +809,6 @@
"text": "25.7% (2014)"
}
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "11.62% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "10.5% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2019": {
"text": "11.22% of GDP (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Budget": {
"revenues": {
"text": "$3.258 billion (2019 est.)"
@ -1133,27 +1119,13 @@
"total": {
"text": "10"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "2"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "2"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "4"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "2 (2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
},
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "1"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "1 (2021)"
}
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
},
"Pipelines": {
"text": "3,838 km gas (high and medium pressure) (2017)"

9
middle-east/ba.json
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@ -289,9 +289,6 @@
"text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "0.1% (2021 est.)"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "29.8% (2016)"
},
@ -1117,12 +1114,6 @@
"total": {
"text": "4"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "3"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "1 (2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
},
"Heliports": {

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middle-east/gg.json
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>The region of present day Georgia contained the ancient kingdoms of Colchis and Kartli-Iberia. The area came under Roman influence in the first centuries A.D., and Christianity became the state religion in the 330s. Domination by Persians, Arabs, and Turks was followed by a Georgian golden age (11th-13th centuries) that was cut short by the Mongol invasion of 1236. Subsequently, the Ottoman and Persian empires competed for influence in the region. Georgia was absorbed into the Russian Empire in the 19th century. Independent for three years (1918-1921) following the Russian revolution, it was forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1921 and regained its independence when the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991.</p> <p>Mounting public discontent over rampant corruption and ineffective government services, followed by an attempt by the incumbent Georgian Government to manipulate parliamentary elections in November 2003, touched off widespread protests that led to the resignation of Eduard SHEVARDNADZE, president since 1995. In the aftermath of that popular movement, which became known as the \"Rose Revolution,\" new elections in early 2004 swept Mikheil SAAKASHVILI into power along with his United National Movement (UNM) party. SAAKASHVILI made progress on market reforms and good governance during his time in power but also faced accusations of abuse of office. Progress was also complicated by Russian assistance and support to the separatist regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia that led to periodic flare-ups in tension and violence and that culminated in a five-day conflict in August 2008 between Russia and Georgia, including the invasion of large portions of Georgian territory. Russian troops pledged to pull back from most occupied Georgian territory, but in late August 2008 Russia unilaterally recognized the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, and Russian military forces remain in those regions.</p> <p>Billionaire Bidzina IVANISHVILI's unexpected entry into politics in October 2011 brought the divided opposition together under his Georgian Dream coalition, which won a majority of seats in the October 2012 parliamentary elections and removed UNM from power. Conceding defeat, SAAKASHVILI named IVANISHVILI as prime minister and allowed Georgian Dream to create a new government. Giorgi MARGVELASHVILI became president in November 2013, ending a tense year of power-sharing between SAAKASHVILI and IVANISHVILI and SAAKASHVILI then left the country. At the time, these changes in leadership represented unique examples of a former Soviet state that emerged to conduct democratic and peaceful government transitions of power. IVANISHVILI voluntarily resigned from office after the presidential succession, and in the following years, the prime minister position has seen frequent turnover. Most recently, Irakli GARIBASHVILI became prime minister in February 2021, replacing Giorgi GAKHARIA, who later in the year formed his own opposition party. In October 2021, SAAKASHVILI returned to Georgia, where he was immediately arrested to serve six years in prison on outstanding abuse of office convictions. Popular and government support for integration with the West is high in Georgia. Joining the EU and NATO are among the country's top foreign policy goals.</p>"
"text": "<p>The region of present day Georgia contained the ancient kingdoms of Colchis and Kartli-Iberia. The area came under Roman influence in the first centuries A.D., and Christianity became the state religion in the 330s. Domination by Persians, Arabs, and Turks was followed by a Georgian golden age (11th-13th centuries) that was cut short by the Mongol invasion of 1236. Subsequently, the Ottoman and Persian empires competed for influence in the region. Georgia was absorbed into the Russian Empire in the 19th century. Independent for three years (1918-1921) following the Russian revolution, it was forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1921 and regained its independence when the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991.</p> <p>Mounting public discontent over rampant corruption and ineffective government services, followed by an attempt by the incumbent Georgian Government to manipulate parliamentary elections in November 2003, touched off widespread protests that led to the resignation of Eduard SHEVARDNADZE, president since 1995. In the aftermath of that popular movement, which became known as the \"Rose Revolution,\" new elections in early 2004 swept Mikheil SAAKASHVILI into power along with his United National Movement (UNM) party. SAAKASHVILI made progress on market reforms and good governance during his time in power but also faced accusations of abuse of office. Progress was also complicated by Russian assistance and support to the separatist regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia that led to periodic flare-ups in tension and violence and that culminated in a five-day conflict in August 2008 between Russia and Georgia, including the invasion of large portions of Georgian territory. Russian troops pledged to pull back from most occupied Georgian territory, but in late August 2008 Russia unilaterally recognized the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, and Russian military forces remain in those regions.</p> <p>Billionaire Bidzina IVANISHVILI's unexpected entry into politics in October 2011 brought the divided opposition together under his Georgian Dream coalition, which won a majority of seats in the October 2012 parliamentary elections and removed UNM from power. Conceding defeat, SAAKASHVILI named IVANISHVILI as prime minister and allowed Georgian Dream to create a new government before leaving the country after his presidential term ended in 2013. At the time, these changes in leadership represented unique examples of a former Soviet state that emerged to conduct democratic and peaceful government transitions of power. IVANISHVILI voluntarily resigned from office after the presidential succession, and in the following years, the prime minister position has seen frequent turnover. Most recently, Irakli GARIBASHVILI became prime minister in February 2021. In October 2021, SAAKASHVILI returned to Georgia, where he was immediately arrested to serve six years in prison on outstanding abuse of office convictions. Popular support for integration with the West is high in Georgia. Joining the EU and NATO are among the country's top foreign policy goals and Georgia applied for EU membership in March 2022. The EU and Georgia signed an Association Agreement in June 2014 and it fully entered into force in July 2016. Georgia and the EU have a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement and Georgian citizens since 2017 can travel to the Schengen area without a visa.</p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -297,9 +297,6 @@
"text": "total: 13.3% of population (2020 est.)"
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "0.3% (2021 est.)"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "21.7% (2016)"
},
@ -822,17 +819,6 @@
"text": "31.3% (2008)"
}
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "14.19% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "13.32% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2019": {
"text": "12.93% of GDP (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Budget": {
"revenues": {
"text": "$4.737 billion (2019 est.)"
@ -1152,36 +1138,13 @@
"total": {
"text": "18"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "1"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "7"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "3"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "5"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "2 (2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
},
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "4"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "1"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "2"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "1 (2021)"
}
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
},
"Heliports": {
"text": "2 (2021)"

19
middle-east/gz.json
View file

@ -267,9 +267,6 @@
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> note includes Gaza Strip and the West Bank"
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "NA"
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"text": "<p><strong>note: </strong>on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Asia; the Gaza Strip is currently considered a high risk to travelers for polio; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine</p>"
},
@ -555,17 +552,6 @@
"text": "33.7 (2016 est.)"
}
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "18.81% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "16.48% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2019": {
"text": "18.4% of GDP (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Budget": {
"revenues": {
"text": "$3.803 billion (2020 est.)"
@ -808,10 +794,7 @@
"total": {
"text": "1"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "1 (2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note</strong> - non-operational"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> non-operational"
},
"Heliports": {
"text": "1 (2021)"

45
middle-east/ir.json
View file

@ -305,9 +305,6 @@
"text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "(2021 est.) <0.1%"
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"degree of risk": {
"text": "intermediate (2023)"
@ -820,17 +817,6 @@
"text": "29.6% (2005)"
}
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "0.55% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2019": {
"text": "0.47% of GDP (2019 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2018": {
"text": "0.4% of GDP (2018 est.)"
}
},
"Budget": {
"revenues": {
"text": "$60.714 billion (2019 est.)"
@ -1135,42 +1121,13 @@
"total": {
"text": "140"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "42"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "29"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "26"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "36"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "7 (2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
},
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "179"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "1"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "2"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "9"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "135"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "32 (2021)"
}
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
},
"Heliports": {
"text": "26 (2021)"

35
middle-east/is.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "Israel has emerged as a regional economic and military powerhouse, leveraging its booming high-tech sector, large defense industry, and concerns about Iran to foster partnerships around the world. The State of Israel was established in 1948. The UN General Assembly had proposed to partition the British Mandate for Palestine into an Arab and Jewish state. Arab states rejected the UN plan and were subsequently defeated militarily in the 1948 war that followed the withdrawal of the British on 14 May 1948. Israel was admitted as a member of the UN in 1949 and saw rapid population growth, primarily due to migration from Europe and the Middle East, over the following years. Israel and its Arab neighbors fought wars in 1967 and 1973 and Israel signed peace treaties with Egypt in 1979 and Jordan in 1994. Israel took control of the West Bank and Gaza Strip in the course of the 1967 war, and subsequently administered those territories through military authorities. Israel and Palestinian officials signed interim agreements in the 1990s that created an interim period of Palestinian self-rule in parts of the West Bank and Gaza. Israel withdrew from Gaza in 2005. While the most recent formal efforts between Israel and the Palestinian Authority to negotiate final status issues occurred in 2013-2014, the US continues its efforts to advance peace. Immigration to Israel continues, with more than 20,000 new immigrants, mostly Jewish, in 2020.<br><br>The Israeli economy has undergone a dramatic transformation in the last 25 years, led by cutting-edge, high-tech sectors. Offshore gas discoveries in the Mediterranean, most notably in the Tamar and Leviathan gasfields, place Israel at the center of a potential regional natural gas market. However, longer-term structural issues such as low labor force participation among minority populations, low workforce productivity, high costs for housing and consumer staples, and a lack of competition, remain a concern for many Israelis and an important consideration for Israeli politicians. Former Prime Minister Benjamin NETANYAHU dominated Israel's political landscape from 2009 to June 2021, becoming Israel's longest serving prime minister before he was unseated by Naftali BENNETT, after Israel's fourth election in two years. BENNETT formed the most ideologically diverse coalition in Israel's history, including the participation of an Arab-Israeli party. He served as prime minister for a year before stepping down on 1 July 2022 in favor of Yair LAPID, who was in office for only six months before himself being succeeded by Benjamin NETANYAHU in late 2022. Israel signed normalization agreements – brokered by the US – with Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, and Morocco in late 2020 and reached an agreement with Sudan in early 2021."
"text": "Israel has become a regional economic and military powerhouse, leveraging its prosperous high-tech sector, large defense industry, and concerns about Iran to foster partnerships around the world. The State of Israel was established in 1948. The UN General Assembly had proposed to partition the British Mandate for Palestine into an Arab and Jewish state. Arab states rejected the UN plan and were subsequently defeated militarily in the 1948 war that followed the withdrawal of the British on 14 May 1948. Israel was admitted as a member of the UN in 1949 and saw rapid population growth, primarily due to migration from Europe and the Middle East, over the following years. Israel and its Arab neighbors fought wars in 1967 and 1973 and Israel signed peace treaties with Egypt in 1979 and Jordan in 1994. Israel took control of the West Bank and Gaza Strip in the course of the 1967 war, and subsequently administered those territories through military authorities. Israel and Palestinian officials signed interim agreements in the 1990s that created an interim period of Palestinian self-rule in parts of the West Bank and Gaza. Israel withdrew from Gaza in 2005. While the most recent formal efforts between Israel and the Palestinian Authority to negotiate final status issues occurred in 2013-2014, the US continues its efforts to advance peace. Israel signed the US-brokered normalization agreements (the Abraham Accords) with Bahrain, the UAE, and Morocco in 2020 and reached an agreement with Sudan in 2021. Immigration to Israel continues, with more than 73,000 estimated new immigrants, mostly Jewish, in 2022.<br><br>The Israeli economy has undergone a dramatic transformation in the last 30 years, led by cutting-edge, high-tech sectors. Offshore gas discoveries in the Mediterranean, most notably in the Tamar and Leviathan gasfields, place Israel at the center of a potential regional natural gas market. In late 2022, a US-brokered agreement between Israel and Lebanon established their maritime boundary, allowing Israel to begin production on additional gasfields in the Mediterranean. However, Israel's economic prosperity is not consistently mirrored in the Israeli public's financial stability. Structural issues such as low labor force participation among religious and minority populations, low workforce productivity, high costs for housing and consumer staples, and high-income inequality, remain a concern for many Israelis and an important consideration for Israeli politicians. Former Prime Minister Benjamin NETANYAHU returned to office in late 2022 continuing his dominance of Israel's political landscape at the head of Israel's most rightwing and religious government. NETANYAHU previously served as premier from 2009 to June 2021, becoming Israel's longest serving prime minister. "
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -833,17 +833,6 @@
"text": "31.3% (2010)"
}
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "0.25% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "0.28% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2019": {
"text": "0.24% of GDP (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Budget": {
"revenues": {
"text": "$139.374 billion (2019 est.)"
@ -1165,33 +1154,13 @@
"total": {
"text": "33"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "3"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "5"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "5"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "12"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "8 (2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
},
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "9"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "3"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "6 (2021)"
}
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
},
"Heliports": {
"text": "3 (2021)"

49
middle-east/iz.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>Formerly part of the Ottoman Empire, Iraq was occupied by the United Kingdom during World War I and was declared a League of Nations mandate under UK administration in 1920. Iraq attained its independence as a kingdom in 1932. It was proclaimed a \"republic\" in 1958 after a coup overthrew the monarchy, but in actuality, a series of strongmen ruled the country until 2003. The last was SADDAM Husayn from 1979 to 2003. Territorial disputes with Iran led to an inconclusive and costly eight-year war (1980-88). In August 1990, Iraq seized Kuwait but was expelled by US-led UN coalition forces during the Gulf War of January-February 1991. After Iraq's expulsion, the UN Security Council (UNSC) required Iraq to scrap all weapons of mass destruction and long-range missiles and to allow UN verification inspections. Continued Iraqi noncompliance with UNSC resolutions led to the Second Gulf War in March 2003 and the ouster of the SADDAM Husayn regime by US-led forces.</p> <p>In October 2005, Iraqis approved a constitution in a national referendum and, pursuant to this document, elected a 275-member Council of Representatives (COR) in December 2005. The COR approved most cabinet ministers in May 2006, marking the transition to Iraq's first constitutional government in nearly a half century. Iraq held elections for provincial councils in all governorates - except for Iraq's Kurdistan Region and Kirkuk - in January 2009 and in April and June 2013, and has repeatedly postponed the next provincial elections, originally planned for April 2017. Iraq has held four national legislative elections since 2006, most recently in October 2021 when 329 legislators were elected to the COR. The acting Iraqi National Intelligence Service Director General Mustafa al-KADHIMI became prime minister in May 2020 after the previous prime minister resigned in late 2019 because of widespread protests demanding more employment opportunities and an end to corruption. His mandate as prime minister was to guide Iraq toward an early national legislative election, which was held in October 2021.</p> <p>Between 2014 and 2017, Iraq was engaged in a military campaign against the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) to recapture territory lost in the western and northern portion of the country. Iraqi and allied forces recaptured Mosul, the country's second-largest city, in 2017 and drove ISIS out of its other urban strongholds. In December 2017, then-Prime Minister Haydar al-ABADI publicly declared victory against ISIS while continuing operations against the group's residual presence in rural areas. Also in late 2017, ABADI responded to an independence referendum held by the Kurdistan Regional Government by ordering Iraqi forces to take control of disputed territories across central and northern Iraq that were previously occupied and governed by Kurdish forces.</p>"
"text": "<p>Formerly part of the Ottoman Empire, Iraq was occupied by the United Kingdom during World War I and was declared a League of Nations mandate under UK administration in 1920. Iraq attained its independence as a kingdom in 1932. It was proclaimed a \"republic\" in 1958 after a coup overthrew the monarchy, but in actuality, a series of strongmen ruled the country until 2003. The last was SADDAM Husayn from 1979 to 2003. Territorial disputes with Iran led to an inconclusive and costly eight-year war (1980-88). In August 1990, Iraq seized Kuwait but was expelled by US-led UN coalition forces during the Gulf War of January-February 1991. After Iraq's expulsion, the UN Security Council (UNSC) required Iraq to scrap all weapons of mass destruction and long-range missiles and to allow UN verification inspections. Continued Iraqi noncompliance with UNSC resolutions led to the Second Gulf War in March 2003 and the ouster of the SADDAM Husayn regime by US-led forces.</p> <p>In October 2005, Iraqis approved a constitution in a national referendum and, pursuant to this document, elected a 275-member Council of Representatives (COR) in December 2005. The COR approved most cabinet ministers in May 2006, marking the transition to Iraq's first constitutional government in nearly a half century. Iraq's constitution also established the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG), a semi-autonomous region that administers the governorates of Erbil, Dahuk, and As Sulaymaniyah. Iraq has held four national legislative elections since 2006, most recently in October 2021 when 329 legislators were elected to the COR. Following these elections and Iraq's longest government formation process in the post-SADDAM era, the COR approved Muhammad Shia' al-SUDANI as prime minister in October 2022. Iraq has repeatedly postponed separate elections for provincial councils - last held in 2013 - and since 2019 the prime minister has had the authority to appoint governors rather than provincial councils. In early 2023, the COR voted to hold provincial elections by the end of the year.</p> <p>Between 2014 and 2017, Iraq fought a military campaign against the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) to recapture territory the group seized in 2014. In December 2017, then-Prime Minister Haydar al-ABADI publicly declared victory against ISIS, although military operations against the group continue in rural areas. Also in late 2017, Baghdad forcefully seized disputed territories across central and northern Iraq from the KRG, following a non-binding Kurdish independence referendum.</p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -135,7 +135,7 @@
"text": "Arabic (official), Kurdish (official); Turkmen (a Turkish dialect) and Syriac (Neo-Aramaic) are recognized as official languages where native speakers of these languages are present; Iraqis have the right to be educated in their native language"
},
"major-language sample(s)": {
"text": "<br>كتاب حقائق العالم، أحسن مصدر للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>كتاب حقائق العالم، أحسن مصدر للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)<br> <p>کتێبی فاکتی ژیهانی، باشترین سەرچاوەێک بۆ زانیاری بنەرەتی (Kurdish)</p> The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -304,9 +304,6 @@
"text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "NA"
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"degree of risk": {
"text": "intermediate (2023)"
@ -847,17 +844,6 @@
"text": "25.7% (2007 est.)"
}
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "0.35% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2019": {
"text": "0.37% of GDP (2019 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2018": {
"text": "0.33% of GDP (2018 est.)"
}
},
"Budget": {
"revenues": {
"text": "$51.534 billion (2020 est.)"
@ -1176,42 +1162,13 @@
"total": {
"text": "72"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "20"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "34"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "4"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "7"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "7 (2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
},
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "30"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "3"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "5"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "3"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "13"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "6 (2021)"
}
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
},
"Heliports": {
"text": "16 (2021)"

32
middle-east/jo.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>Following World War I and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, the League of Nations awarded Britain the mandate to govern much of the Middle East. Britain demarcated a semi-autonomous region of Transjordan from Palestine in 1921 and recognized ABDALLAH I from the Hashemite family as the country's first leader. The Hashemites also controlled Hijaz, or the western coastal area of modern day Saudi Arabia until 1925, when they were pushed out by Ibn SAUD and Wahhabi tribes. The country gained its independence in 1946 and thereafter became The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.</p> The country has had four kings. Jordan's long-time ruler, King HUSSEIN (1953-99), successfully navigated competing pressures from the major powers (US, USSR, and UK), various Arab states, Israel, and Palestinian militants, which led to a brief civil war in 1970 referred to as \"Black September\" and ended in King HUSSEIN's ouster of the militants from Jordan. Jordan's borders also have changed. In 1948, Jordan took control of the West Bank and East Jerusalem, eventually annexing those territories in 1950 and granting its new Palestinian residents Jordanian citizenship. In 1967, Jordan lost the West Bank and East Jerusalem to Israel in the Six-Day War but retained administrative claims until 1988 when King HUSSEIN permanently relinquished Jordanian claims to the West Bank in favor of the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO). King HUSSEIN signed a peace treaty with Israel in 1994, after Israel and the PLO signed the Oslo Accords in 1993.<br><br>Jordanian kings continue to claim custodianship of the holy sites in Jerusalem by virtue of their Hashemite heritage as descendants of the Prophet Mohammad and agreements with Israel and Jerusalem-based religious and Palestinian leaders. After Israel captured East Jerusalem in the 1967 War, it authorized the Jordanian-controlled Islamic Trust, or Waqf, to continue administering affairs in the Al Haram ash Sharif/Temple Mount holy compound, and the Jordan-Israel peace treaty reaffirmed Jordan's \"special role\" in administering the Muslim holy shrines in Jerusalem.<br><br>King HUSSEIN died in 1999 and was succeeded by his eldest son, ABDALLAH II, who remains the current king. In 2009, King ABDALLAH II designated his son HUSSEIN as the Crown Prince. During his reign, ABDALLAH II has contended with a series of challenges, including the Arab Spring influx of refugees from neighboring states and a perennially weak economy. <p> </p>"
"text": "<p>Following World War I and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, the League of Nations awarded Britain the mandate to govern much of the Middle East. Britain demarcated a semi-autonomous region of Transjordan from Palestine in 1921 and recognized ABDALLAH I from the Hashemite family as the country's first leader. The Hashemites also controlled the Hijaz, or the western coastal area of modern-day Saudi Arabia until 1925, when they were pushed out by IBN SAUD and Wahhabi tribes. The country gained its independence in 1946 and thereafter became The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.</p> The country has had four kings. Jordan's long-time ruler, King HUSSEIN (r. 1953-99), successfully navigated competing pressures from the major powers (US, USSR, and UK), various Arab states, Israel, and Palestinian militants, the latter of which led to a brief civil war in 1970 referred to as \"Black September\" and ended in King HUSSEIN's ouster of the militants from Jordan. <br><br>Jordan's borders also have changed since it gained independence. In 1948, Jordan took control of the West Bank and East Jerusalem in the first Arab-Israeli War, eventually annexing those territories in 1950 and granting its new Palestinian residents Jordanian citizenship. In 1967, Jordan lost the West Bank and East Jerusalem to Israel in the Six-Day War but retained administrative claims to the West Bank until 1988 when King HUSSEIN permanently relinquished Jordanian claims to the West Bank in favor of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). King HUSSEIN signed a peace treaty with Israel in 1994, after Israel and the PLO signed the Oslo Accords in 1993.<br><br>Jordanian kings continue to claim custodianship of the Muslim holy sites in Jerusalem by virtue of their Hashemite heritage as descendants of the Prophet Mohammad and agreements with Israel and Jerusalem-based religious and Palestinian leaders. After Israel captured East Jerusalem in the 1967 War, it authorized the Jordanian-controlled Islamic Trust, or Waqf, to continue administering affairs at the Al Haram ash Sharif/Temple Mount holy compound, and the Jordan-Israel peace treaty reaffirmed Jordan's \"special role\" in administering the Muslim holy shrines in Jerusalem. Jordanian kings claim custodianship of the Christian sites in Jerusalem on the basis of the 7th-century Pact of Omar, when the Muslim leader, after conquering Jerusalem, agreed to permit Christian worship.<br><br>King HUSSEIN died in 1999 and was succeeded by his eldest son, ABDALLAH II, who remains the current king. In 2009, King ABDALLAH II designated his son HUSSEIN as the Crown Prince. During his reign, ABDALLAH II has contended with a series of challenges, including the Arab Spring influx of refugees from neighboring states, the COVID-19 pandemic, the effects of the war in Ukraine, and a perennially weak economy. <p> </p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -302,9 +302,6 @@
"text": "total: 1.3% of population (2020 est.)"
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "NA"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "35.5% (2016)"
},
@ -841,17 +838,6 @@
"text": "28.7% (2010 est.)"
}
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "11.29% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "11.05% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2019": {
"text": "10.34% of GDP (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Budget": {
"revenues": {
"text": "$10.813 billion (2019 est.)"
@ -1168,27 +1154,13 @@
"total": {
"text": "16"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "8"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "5"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "2"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "1 (2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
},
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "2"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "2 (2021)"
}
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
},
"Heliports": {
"text": "1 (2021)"

38
middle-east/ku.json
View file

@ -293,9 +293,6 @@
"text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "NA"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "37.9% (2016)"
},
@ -553,12 +550,12 @@
"text": "unicameral National Assembly or Majlis al-Umma (65 seats; 50 members directly elected from 5 multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 15 ex-officio members (cabinet ministers)&nbsp;appointed by the amir; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 29 September 2022 (next to be held in 2026)"
"text": "last held on 29 September 2022 (next to be held on 6 June 2023, due to dissolution by royal decree on 1 May)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "50 nonpartisans elected, of which 28 were opposition candidates; composition - men 48, women 2, percent of women 4%"
"text": "50 nonpartisans elected, of which 28 were opposition candidates: composition - men 48, women 2, percent of women 4%"
},
"note": "<strong>Note</strong>: on 17 April 2023, Crown Prince Mishal al-AHMAD al-Sabah dissolved the National Assembly, which had been reinstated in March at the direction of the Constitutional Court, following its annulment of the September 2022 election"
"note": "<strong>Note</strong>: on 17 April 2023, Crown Prince Mishal al-AHMAD al-Sabah dissolved the National Assembly, which had been reinstated in March at the direction of the Constitutional Court, following its annulment of the September 2022 election; the Assembly was formally dissolved by royal decree on 1 May 2023, and a new election scheduled for 6 June"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest court(s)": {
@ -793,17 +790,6 @@
"text": "NA"
}
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "0.02% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2019": {
"text": "0.02% of GDP (2019 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2018": {
"text": "0.02% of GDP (2018 est.)"
}
},
"Budget": {
"revenues": {
"text": "$77.988 billion (2019 est.)"
@ -855,7 +841,7 @@
"text": "China 20%, South Korea 16%, India 15%, Japan 10%, Taiwan 6%, Vietnam 5% (2019)"
},
"Exports - commodities": {
"text": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, aircraft, natural gas, industrial hydrocarbon products (2019)"
"text": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, natural gas, industrial hydrocarbon products, industrial alcohols (2021)"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2021": {
@ -1119,27 +1105,13 @@
"total": {
"text": "4"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "1"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "2"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "1 (2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
},
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "3"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "1"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "2 (2021)"
}
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
},
"Heliports": {
"text": "4 (2021)"

39
middle-east/le.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "As a result of its location at the crossroads of three continents, the area that is modern-day Lebanon is rich in cultural and religious diversity. This region was subject to various foreign conquests for much of its history, including by the Romans, Arabs, and Ottomans. Following World War I, France acquired a mandate over the northern portion of the former Ottoman Empire province of Syria. From it the French demarcated the region of Lebanon in 1920, and it gained independence in 1943. Since then, Lebanon has experienced periods of political turmoil interspersed with prosperity built on its historical position as a regional center for finance and trade, although that status has significantly diminished since the beginning of Lebanon&rsquo;s economic crisis in 2019, which includes simultaneous currency, debt, and banking crises. The country's 1975-90 civil war, which resulted in an estimated 120,000 fatalities, was followed by years of social and political instability. Sectarianism is a key element of Lebanese political life. Neighboring Syria has historically influenced Lebanon's foreign and domestic policies, and its military occupied Lebanon from 1976 until 2005. Hizballah - a major Lebanese political party, militia, and US-designated foreign terrorist organization - and Israel continued attacks and counterattacks against each other after Syria's withdrawal, and fought a brief war in 2006. Lebanon's borders with Syria and Israel remain unresolved."
"text": "As a result of its location at the crossroads of three continents, the area that is modern-day Lebanon is rich in cultural and religious diversity. This region was subject to various foreign conquests for much of its history, including by the Romans, Arabs, and Ottomans. Following World War I, France acquired a mandate over the northern portion of the former Ottoman Empire province of Syria. From it the French demarcated the region of Lebanon in 1920, and it gained independence in 1943. Since then, Lebanon has experienced periods of political turmoil interspersed with prosperity built on its historical position as a regional center for finance and trade, although that status has significantly diminished since the beginning of Lebanon’s economic crisis in 2019, which includes simultaneous currency, debt, and banking crises. The country's 1975-90 civil war, which resulted in an estimated 120,000 fatalities, was followed by years of social and political instability. Sectarianism is a key element of Lebanese political life. Neighboring Syria has historically influenced Lebanon's foreign and domestic policies, and its military occupied Lebanon from 1976 until 2005. Hizballah - a major Lebanese political party, militia, and US-designated foreign terrorist organization - and Israel continued attacks and counterattacks against each other after Syria's withdrawal and fought a brief war in 2006. Lebanon's borders with Syria and Israel remain unresolved.<br><br>Since 2019, Lebanon has experienced a severe economic crisis that has crippled its economy, shut down its previously lucrative banking sector, reduced the value of its currency, and caused many Lebanese to emigrate in search of better prospects."
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -287,9 +287,6 @@
"text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "(2021 est.) <0.1%"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "32% (2016)"
},
@ -823,17 +820,6 @@
"text": "NA"
}
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "20.92% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2019": {
"text": "14.26% of GDP (2019 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2018": {
"text": "12.71% of GDP (2018 est.)"
}
},
"Budget": {
"revenues": {
"text": "$11.061 billion (2019 est.)"
@ -886,7 +872,7 @@
"text": "Switzerland 27%, United Arab Emirates 15%, South Korea 11%, Saudi Arabia 7%, Kuwait 6% (2019)"
},
"Exports - commodities": {
"text": "gold, jewelry, shotguns, diamonds, scrap copper (2019)"
"text": "gold, diamonds, scrap iron, wood furniture, grapes, jewelry, cars (2021)"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2021": {
@ -1150,30 +1136,13 @@
"total": {
"text": "5"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "1"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "2"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "1"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "1 (2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
},
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "3"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "2"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "1 (2021)"
}
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
},
"Heliports": {
"text": "1 (2021)"
@ -1248,7 +1217,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> women were allowed to volunteer for military service in the 1980s; as of 2020, they comprised about 5% of the active duty military"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "as of 2022, the Lebanese military faced multiple challenges, including securing parts of the border with war-torn Syria from infiltrations of militants linked to the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) and al-Qa’ida terrorist groups and maintaining stability along its volatile border with Israel, where the Iranian-backed and Lebanon-based terrorist group Hizballah conducted a war with Israel in 2006 and tensions remained high, including occasional armed skirmishes; the military also faced a financial crisis as government debt and national economic difficulties undercut its ability to fully pay and supply personnel, which has sparked domestic and international fears that the armed forces may disintegrate <br><br>the United Nations Interim Force In Lebanon (UNIFIL) has operated in the country since 1978, originally under UNSCRs 425 and 426 to confirm Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon, restore international peace and security, and assist the Lebanese Government in restoring its effective authority in the area; following the July-August 2006 war, the UN Security Council adopted resolution 1701 enhancing UNIFIL and deciding that in addition to the original mandate, it would, among other things, monitor the cessation of hostilities, support the Lebanese Armed Forces as they deployed throughout the south of Lebanon, and provide assistance for humanitarian access for civilians and the return of displaced persons; UNIFIL had approximately 9,500 military personnel deployed in the country as of early 2023; UNIFIL includes a maritime task force (2022)"
"text": "the Lebanese military faces a financial crisis as government debt and national economic difficulties undercut its ability to fully pay and supply personnel, which has sparked domestic and international fears that the armed forces may disintegrate; the military also faces other challenges, including infiltrations of militants linked to the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) and maintaining stability along its volatile border with Israel, where the Iranian-backed and Lebanon-based terrorist group Hizballah conducted a war with Israel in 2006 and tensions remain high, including occasional armed skirmishes<br><br>the United Nations Interim Force In Lebanon (UNIFIL) has operated in the country since 1978, originally under UNSCRs 425 and 426 to confirm Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon, restore international peace and security, and assist the Lebanese Government in restoring its effective authority in the area; following the July-August 2006 war, the UN Security Council adopted resolution 1701 enhancing UNIFIL and deciding that in addition to the original mandate, it would, among other things, monitor the cessation of hostilities, support the Lebanese Armed Forces as they deployed throughout the south of Lebanon, and provide assistance for humanitarian access for civilians and the return of displaced persons; UNIFIL had approximately 9,500 military personnel deployed in the country as of early 2023; UNIFIL includes a maritime task force; in 2022, Israel and Lebanese officials agreed on a common demarcation of their maritime border after US mediation (2023)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

30
middle-east/mu.json
View file

@ -296,9 +296,6 @@
"text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "0.1% (2021)"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "27% (2016)"
},
@ -850,7 +847,7 @@
"text": "China 46%, India 8%, Japan 6%, South Korea 6%, United Arab Emirates 6%, Saudi Arabia 5% (2019)"
},
"Exports - commodities": {
"text": "crude petroleum, natural gas, refined petroleum, iron products, fertilizers (2019)"
"text": "crude petroleum, natural gas, refined petroleum, fertilizers, iron&nbsp; (2021)"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2021": {
@ -1120,36 +1117,13 @@
"total": {
"text": "13"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "7"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "5"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "1 (2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
},
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "119"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "2"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "7"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "51"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "33"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "26 (2021)"
}
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
},
"Heliports": {
"text": "3 (2021)"

18
middle-east/qa.json
View file

@ -294,9 +294,6 @@
"text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "0.2% (2021 est.)"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "35.1% (2016)"
},
@ -603,7 +600,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charg&eacute; d'Affaires Evyenia SIDEREAS"
"text": "Ambassador Timmy DAVIS (since 5 September 2022)"
},
"embassy": {
"text": "22 February Street, Al Luqta District, P.O. Box 2399, Doha"
@ -1115,24 +1112,13 @@
"total": {
"text": "4"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "3"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "1 (2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
},
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "2"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "1"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "1 (2021)"
}
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
},
"Heliports": {
"text": "1 (2021)"

31
middle-east/sa.json
View file

@ -299,9 +299,6 @@
"text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "NA"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "35.4% (2016)"
},
@ -1137,39 +1134,13 @@
"total": {
"text": "82"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "33"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "16"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "27"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "2"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "4 (2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
},
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "132"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "7"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "72"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "37"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "16 (2021)"
}
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
},
"Heliports": {
"text": "10 (2021)"

27
middle-east/sy.json
View file

@ -299,9 +299,6 @@
"text": "total: 0.5% of population (2020 est.)"
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "(2021 est.) <0.1%"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "27.8% (2016)"
},
@ -580,7 +577,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "<strong>legal parties/alliances:<br></strong> Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party [Bashar al-ASAD, regional secretary] <br>Arab Socialist Renaissance (Ba'th) Party [President Bashar al-ASAD] <br>Arab Socialist Union of Syria or ASU [Safwan al-QUDSI]<br>Democratic Arab Socialist Union [Hassan Abdul AZIM, general secretary] <br>National Progressive Front or NPF [Bashar al-ASAD, Suleiman QADDAH] (alliance includes Arab Socialist Renaissance (Ba'th) Party, Socialist Unionist Democratic Party)<br>Socialist Unionist Party [Fayiz ISMAIL]<br>Socialist Unionist Democratic Party [Fadlallah Nasr al-DIN]<br>Syrian Communist Party (two branches) [Wissal Farha BAKDASH, Yusuf Rashid FAYSAL] <br>Syrian Social Nationalist Party or SSNP [Ali HAIDAR]<br>Unionist Socialist Party [Fayez ISMAIL]<br><strong><br>Major Kurdish parties</strong> <br>Kurdish Democratic Union Party or PYD [Shahoz HASAN and Aysha HISSO]<br>Kurdish National Council [Sa'ud MALA]<br>  <br><strong>other:</strong> Syrian Democratic Party [Mustafa QALAAJI]"
"text": "<strong>legal parties/alliances:<br></strong> Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party [Bashar al-ASAD, regional secretary] <br>Arab Socialist Renaissance (Ba'th) Party [President Bashar al-ASAD] <br>Arab Socialist Union of Syria or ASU [Safwan al-QUDSI]<br>Democratic Arab Socialist Union [Hassan Abdul AZIM, general secretary] <br>National Progressive Front or NPF [Bashar al-ASAD, Suleiman QADDAH] (alliance includes Arab Socialist Renaissance (Ba'th) Party, Socialist Unionist Democratic Party)<br>Socialist Unionist Party [Fayiz ISMAIL]<br>Socialist Unionist Democratic Party [Fadlallah Nasr al-DIN]<br>Syrian Communist Party (two branches) [Wissal Farha BAKDASH, Yusuf Rashid FAYSAL] <br>Syrian Social Nationalist Party or SSNP [Ali HAIDAR]<br>Unionist Socialist Party [Fayez ISMAIL]<br><strong><br>major Kurdish political organizations:<br></strong>Kurdish Democratic Union Party or PYD [Saleh MUSLIM, Asia ABDULLAH]<br>Kurdish National Council or KNC [Sa'ud MALA]<br>Self-Administration of Northeast Syria or SANES [Abd Hamid al-MAHBASH] <br>Syrian Democratic Council or SDC [Ilham AHMAD]<br><br><strong>other:<br></strong>Syrian Democratic Party [Mustafa QALAAJI]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WBG, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)"
@ -1083,33 +1080,13 @@
"total": {
"text": "29"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "5"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "16"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "3"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "5 (2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
},
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "61"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "1"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "12"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "48 (2021)"
}
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
},
"Heliports": {
"text": "6 (2021)"

32
middle-east/tu.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk or \"Father of the Turks.\" Under his leadership, the country adopted radical social, legal, and political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950 election victory of the opposition Democrat Party and the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, but democracy has been fractured by periods of instability and military coups (1960, 1971, 1980), which in each case eventually resulted in a return of formal political power to civilians. In 1997, the military again helped engineer the ouster - popularly dubbed a \"post-modern coup\" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. An unsuccessful coup attempt was made in July 2016 by a faction of the Turkish Armed Forces.</p> <p>Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus,\" which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist insurgency begun in 1984 by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), a US-designated terrorist organization, has long dominated the attention of Turkish security forces and claimed more than 40,000 lives. In 2013, the Turkish Government and the PKK conducted negotiations aimed at ending the violence, however intense fighting resumed in 2015. Turkey joined the UN in 1945 and in 1952 it became a member of NATO. In 1963, Turkey became an associate member of the European Community; it began accession talks with the EU in 2005. Over the past decade, economic reforms, coupled with some political reforms, have contributed to a growing economy, although economic growth slowed in recent years, with occasional bouts of turmoil.</p> <p>From 2015 and continuing through 2016, Turkey witnessed an uptick in terrorist violence, including major attacks in Ankara, Istanbul, and throughout the predominantly Kurdish southeastern region of Turkey. On 15 July 2016, elements of the Turkish Armed forces attempted a coup that ultimately failed following widespread popular resistance. More than 240 people were killed and over 2,000 injured when Turkish citizens took to the streets en masse to confront the coup forces. The government accused followers of the Fethullah Gulen transnational religious and social movement (\"Hizmet\") for allegedly instigating the failed coup and designates the movement’s followers as terrorists. Since the attempted coup, Turkish Government authorities arrested, suspended, or dismissed more than 130,000 security personnel, journalists, judges, academics, and civil servants due to their alleged connection to Gulen's movement. Following the failed coup, the Turkish Government instituted a State of Emergency from July 2016 to July 2018. The Turkish Government conducted a referendum on 16 April 2017 in which voters approved constitutional amendments changing Turkey from a parliamentary to a presidential system. The amendments went into effect fully following the presidential and parliamentary elections in June 2018.</p>"
"text": "<p>Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk or \"Father of the Turks.\" Under his leadership, the country adopted radical social, legal, and political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950 election victory of the opposition Democrat Party and the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, but democracy has been fractured by periods of instability and military coups (1960, 1971, 1980), which in each case eventually resulted in a return of formal political power to civilians. In 1997, the military again helped engineer the ouster - popularly dubbed a \"post-modern coup\" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. An unsuccessful coup attempt was made in July 2016 by a faction of the Turkish Armed Forces.</p> <p>Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus,\" which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist insurgency begun in 1984 by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), a US-designated terrorist organization, has long dominated the attention of Turkish security forces and claimed more than 40,000 lives. In 2013, the Turkish Government and the PKK conducted negotiations aimed at ending the violence, however intense fighting resumed in 2015. Turkey joined the UN in 1945 and in 1952 it became a member of NATO. In 1963, Turkey became an associate member of the European Community; it began accession talks with the EU in 2005. Over the past decade, economic reforms, coupled with some political reforms, have contributed to a growing economy, although in recent years, the government's growth-by-any-means strategy has sent inflation to historic highs and tested the broader financial system's resilience.</p> <p>From 2015 and continuing through 2016, Turkey witnessed an uptick in terrorist violence, including major attacks in Ankara, Istanbul, and throughout the predominantly Kurdish southeastern region of Turkey. On 15 July 2016, elements of the Turkish Armed forces attempted a coup that ultimately failed following widespread popular resistance. More than 240 people were killed and over 2,000 injured when Turkish citizens took to the streets en masse to confront the coup forces. The government accused followers of the Fethullah Gulen transnational religious and social movement (\"Hizmet\") of instigating the failed coup and designates the movement’s followers as terrorists. Since the attempted coup, Turkish Government authorities arrested, suspended, or dismissed more than 130,000 security personnel, journalists, judges, academics, and civil servants due to their alleged connection to Gulen's movement. Following the failed coup, the Turkish Government instituted a State of Emergency from July 2016 to July 2018. The Turkish Government conducted a referendum on 16 April 2017 in which voters approved constitutional amendments changing Turkey from a parliamentary to a presidential system. The amendments went into effect fully following the presidential and parliamentary elections in June 2018.</p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -135,7 +135,7 @@
"text": "Turkish (official), Kurdish, other minority languages"
},
"major-language sample(s)": {
"text": "<br>The World Factbook, temel bilgi edinmek için vazgeçilmez bir kaynak. (Turkish)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>The World Factbook, temel bilgi edinmek için vazgeçilmez bir kaynak. (Turkish)<br> <p>کتێبی فاکتی ژیهانی، باشترین سەرچاوەێک بۆ زانیاری بنەرەتی (Kurdish)</p> The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -306,9 +306,6 @@
"text": "total: 0.4% of population (2020 est.)"
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "NA"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "32.1% (2016)"
},
@ -1165,36 +1162,13 @@
"total": {
"text": "91"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "16"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "38"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "17"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "16"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "4 (2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
},
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "7"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "1"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "4"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "2 (2021)"
}
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
},
"Heliports": {
"text": "20 (2021)"

9
middle-east/we.json
View file

@ -291,9 +291,6 @@
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> note includes Gaza Strip and the West Bank"
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "NA"
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"text": "<p><strong>note: </strong>on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Asia; the West Bank is currently considered a high risk to travelers for polio; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine</p>"
},
@ -893,12 +890,6 @@
"total": {
"text": "2"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "1"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "1 (2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
},
"Heliports": {

31
middle-east/ym.json
View file

@ -299,9 +299,6 @@
"text": "total: 40.9% of population (2020 est.)"
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "(2021 est.) <0.1%"
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"degree of risk": {
"text": "high (2023)"
@ -1121,39 +1118,13 @@
"total": {
"text": "17"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "4"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "9"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "3"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "1 (2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
},
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
"total": {
"text": "40"
},
"over 3,047 m": {
"text": "3"
},
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
"text": "5"
},
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
"text": "7"
},
"914 to 1,523 m": {
"text": "16"
},
"under 914 m": {
"text": "9 (2021)"
}
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
},
"Pipelines": {
"text": "641 km gas, 22 km liquid petroleum gas, 1,370 km oil (2013)"