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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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{
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"Introduction": {
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"Background": {
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"text": "<p>Albania declared its independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1912, but was conquered by Italy in 1939 and occupied by Germany in 1943. Communist partisans took over the country in 1944. Albania allied itself first with the USSR (until 1960), and then with China (to 1978). In the early 1990s, Albania ended 46 years of isolated communist rule and established a multiparty democracy. The transition has proven challenging as successive governments have tried to deal with high unemployment, widespread corruption, dilapidated infrastructure, powerful organized crime networks, and combative political opponents.</p> <p>Albania has made progress in its democratic development since it first held multiparty elections in 1991, but deficiencies remain. Most of Albania's post-communist elections were marred by claims of electoral fraud; however, international observers judged elections to be largely free and fair since the restoration of political stability following the collapse of pyramid schemes in 1997. Albania joined NATO in April 2009 and in June 2014 became an EU candidate. Albania in April 2017 received a European Commission recommendation to open EU accession negotiations following the passage of historic EU-mandated justice reforms in 2016. Although Albania's economy continues to grow, it has slowed, and the country is still one of the poorest in Europe. A large informal economy and a weak energy and transportation infrastructure remain obstacles.</p>"
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"text": "<p>Albania declared its independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1912, but was conquered by Italy in 1939 and occupied by Germany in 1943. Communist partisans took over the country in 1944. Albania allied itself first with the USSR (until 1960), and then with China (to 1978). In the early 1990s, Albania ended 46 years of isolated communist rule and established a multiparty democracy. The transition has proven challenging as successive governments have tried to deal with high unemployment, widespread corruption, dilapidated infrastructure, powerful organized crime networks, and combative political opponents.</p> <p>Albania has made progress in its democratic development since it first held multiparty elections in 1991, but deficiencies remain. Most of Albania's post-communist elections were marred by claims of electoral fraud; however, international observers judged elections to be largely free and fair since the restoration of political stability following the collapse of pyramid schemes in 1997. Albania joined NATO in April 2009 and in June 2014 became an EU candidate. In April 2017, Albania received a European Commission recommendation to open EU accession negotiations following the passage of historic EU-mandated justice reforms in 2016. Albania - along with North Macedonia - opened EU accession talks in 2022. Although Albania's economy continues to grow, it has slowed, and the country is still one of the poorest in Europe. A large informal economy and a weak energy and transportation infrastructure remain obstacles.</p>"
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}
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},
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"Geography": {
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@ -129,7 +129,7 @@
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"text": "Albanian 98.8% (official - derived from Tosk dialect), Greek 0.5%, other 0.6% (including Macedonian, Romani, Vlach, Turkish, Italian, and Serbo-Croatian), unspecified 0.1% (2011 est.)"
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},
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"major-language sample(s)": {
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"text": "<br>Libri i fakteve boterore, burimi i domosdoshem per informacionin themelore (Albanian)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
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"text": "<br>Libri i fakteve boterore, burimi i pazevendesueshem per informacione elementare (Albanian)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
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}
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},
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"Religions": {
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@ -301,9 +301,6 @@
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"text": "total: 0.1% of population (2020 est.)"
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}
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
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"text": "(2021 est.) <0.1"
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},
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"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
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"text": "21.7% (2016)"
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},
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@ -826,17 +823,6 @@
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"text": "19.6% (2015 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Remittances": {
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"Remittances 2021": {
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"text": "9.41% of GDP (2021 est.)"
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},
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"Remittances 2020": {
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"text": "9.69% of GDP (2020 est.)"
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},
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"Remittances 2019": {
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"text": "9.56% of GDP (2019 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Budget": {
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"revenues": {
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"text": "$4.19 billion (2019 est.)"
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@ -1154,12 +1140,6 @@
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"total": {
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"text": "3"
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},
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"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
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"text": "2"
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},
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"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
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"text": "1 (2021)"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
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},
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"Pipelines": {
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@ -280,9 +280,6 @@
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"text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
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}
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
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"text": "NA"
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},
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"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
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"text": "25.6% (2016)"
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},
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@ -493,7 +490,7 @@
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"text": "head of government indirectly elected by the General Council (Andorran parliament), formally appointed by the co-princes for a 4-year term; election last held on 2 April 2023 (next to be held in April 2027); the leader of the majority party in the General Council is usually elected head of government"
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},
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"election results": {
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"text": "<em>2023: </em>Xaviar Espot ZAMORA (DA) re-elected head of government; percent of General Council vote - 57.1%<em><br>2019:</em> Xaviar Espot ZAMORA (DA) elected head of government; percent of General Council vote - 60.7%<br><em>2015:</em> Antoni MARTI elected head of government; percent of General Council vote - 58.3%"
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"text": "<em>2023: </em>Xaviar Espot ZAMORA (DA) re-elected head of government; percent of General Council vote - 57.1%<em><br>2019:</em> Xaviar Espot ZAMORA (DA) elected head of government; percent of General Council vote - 60.7"
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}
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},
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"Legislative branch": {
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@ -486,7 +486,7 @@
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"text": "Oesterreich"
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},
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"etymology": {
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"text": "the name Oesterreich means \"eastern realm\" or \"eastern march\" and dates to the 10th century; the designation refers to the fact that Austria was the easternmost extension of Bavaria, and, in fact, of all the Germans; the word Austria is a Latinization of the German name"
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"text": "the name Oesterreich means \"eastern realm\" and dates to the 10th century; the designation refers to the fact that Austria was the easternmost extension of Bavaria, and, in fact, of all the Germans; the word Austria is a Latinization of the German name"
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}
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},
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"Government type": {
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@ -506,7 +506,7 @@
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"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
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},
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"etymology": {
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"text": "the origin of the name is disputed but may derive from early Celtic settlements of the area; a possible reconstructed Celtic name from several centuries B.C. is Vedunia (meaning \"forest stream\"); under Roman settlement, beginning around 15 B.C., the name became Vindobona (likely from the Celtic <em>windo</em>, meaning \"white, fair, or bright\" and <em>bona</em> meaning \"base, fortification, or settlement\" to give a connotation of \"white settlement\" or \"white fort\"); archeological remains of the latter survive at many sites in the center of Vienna"
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"text": "the origin of the name is disputed but may derive from early Celtic settlements of the area; a plausible reconstructed Celtic name from several centuries B.C. is Vedunia (meaning \"forest stream\"), which in Old High German became <em>uuenia</em> (<em>wenia</em>), and later w<em>ien </em>(its current German form) in New High German; another possibility is that the name stems from the Roman settlement Vindobona, established around 15 B.C., and its Celtic-derived name (likely from the Celtic <em>windo</em>, meaning \"white, fair, or bright\" and <em>bona</em> meaning \"base, fortification, or settlement\" to give a connotation of \"white settlement\" or \"white fort\"); archeological remains of the latter survive at many sites in the center of Vienna"
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}
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},
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"Administrative divisions": {
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"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 9 October 2022 (first round), (second round, which was annulled), (next election to be held in 2028); chancellor appointed by the president but determined by the majority coalition parties in the Federal Assembly; vice chancellor appointed by the president on the advice of the chancellor"
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},
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"election results": {
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"text": "Alexander VAN DER BELLEN elected in first round; percent of vote - Alexander VAN DER BELLEN (the Greens) 56.7%, Walter ROSENKRANZ (FPO) 17.7%, Dominik WLAZNY (Bier) 8.3%, Tassilo WALLENTIN (independent) 8.1%, Gerald GROSZ (independent) 5.6%<em><br><br>2016:</em> Alexander VAN DER BELLEN elected in second round; percent of vote in first round - Norbert HOFER (FPOe) 35.1%, Alexander VAN DER BELLEN (independent, allied with the Greens) 21.3%, Irmgard GRISS (independent) 18.9%, Rudolf HUNDSTORFER (SPOe) 11.3%, Andreas KHOL (OeVP) 11.1%, Richard LUGNER (independent) 2.3%; percent of vote in second round re-vote - Alexander VAN DER BELLEN 53.8%, Norbert HOFER 46.2%<br><br><em>2010: </em> Heinz FISCHER re-elected; percent of vote - Heinz FISCHER 79.3%, Barbara ROSENKRANZ 15.2%, Rudolf GEHRING 5.4%"
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"text": "2022: Alexander VAN DER BELLEN elected in first round; percent of vote - Alexander VAN DER BELLEN (the Greens) 56.7%, Walter ROSENKRANZ (FPO) 17.7%, Dominik WLAZNY (Beer) 8.3%, Tassilo WALLENTIN (independent) 8.1%, Gerald GROSZ (independent) 5.6%<em><br><br>2016:</em> Alexander VAN DER BELLEN elected in second round; percent of vote in first round - Norbert HOFER (FPOe) 35.1%, Alexander VAN DER BELLEN (independent, allied with the Greens) 21.3%, Irmgard GRISS (independent) 18.9%, Rudolf HUNDSTORFER (SPOe) 11.3%, Andreas KHOL (OeVP) 11.1%, Richard LUGNER (independent) 2.3%; percent of vote in second round re-vote - Alexander VAN DER BELLEN 53.8%, Norbert HOFER 46.2%"
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}
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},
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"Legislative branch": {
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@ -574,7 +574,7 @@
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"text": "<br>Federal Council - last appointed in 2021<br>National Council - last held on 29 September 2019 (next to be held in 2024); note - election was originally scheduled for 2022, but President VAN DER BELLEN called for an early election"
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},
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"election results": {
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"text": "<br>Federal Council - percent of vote by party - OeVP 42.6%, SPOe 31.2%. FPOe 16.4%, The Greens 8.2%, NEOS 1.6%; seats by party - OeVP 26, SPOe 19, FPOe 10, The Greens 5, NEOS 1; composition (as of March 2022) - men 36, women 25, percent of women 41% <br>National Council - percent of vote by party - OeVP 37.5%, SPOe 21.2%, FPOe 16.2%, The Greens 13.9%, NEOS 8.1%, other 3.1%; seats by party - OeVP 71, SPOe 40, FPOe 31, The Greens 26, NEOS 15; composition (as of March 2022) - men 107, women 76, percent of women 41.5%"
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"text": "<br>Federal Council - percent of vote by party - OeVP 42.6%, SPOe 31.2%. FPOe 16.4%, The Greens 8.2%, NEOS 1.6%; seats by party - OeVP 26, SPOe 19, FPOe 10, The Greens 5, NEOS 1; composition (as of March 2022) - men 36, women 25, percent of women 41% <br>National Council - percent of vote by party - OeVP 37.5%, SPOe 21.2%, FPOe 16.2%, The Greens 13.9%, NEOS 8.1%, other 3.1%; seats by party - OeVP 71, SPOe 40, FPOe 31, The Greens 26, NEOS 15; composition (as of March 2022) - men 107, women 76, percent of women 41.5%"
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}
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},
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"Judicial branch": {
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@ -589,7 +589,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Political parties and leaders": {
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"text": "Austrian People's Party or OeVP [Karl NEHAMMER]<br>Communist Party of Austria or KPOe [Mirko MESSNER]<br>Freedom Party of Austria or FPOe [Herbert KICKI]<br>The Greens - The Green Alternative [Werner KOGLER]<br>NEOS - The New Austria and Liberal Forum [Beate MEINL-REISINGER]<br>Social Democratic Party of Austria or SPOe [Pamela RENDI-WAGNER]"
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"text": "Austrian People's Party or OeVP [Karl NEHAMMER]<br>Freedom Party of Austria or FPOe [Herbert KICKI]<br>The Greens - The Green Alternative [Werner KOGLER]<br>NEOS - The New Austria and Liberal Forum [Beate MEINL-REISINGER]<br>Social Democratic Party of Austria or SPOe [Pamela RENDI-WAGNER]"
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},
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"International organization participation": {
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"text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
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"text": "23.5% (2012 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Remittances": {
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"Remittances 2021": {
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"text": "0.66% of GDP (2021 est.)"
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},
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"Remittances 2020": {
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"text": "0.69% of GDP (2020 est.)"
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},
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"Remittances 2019": {
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"text": "0.67% of GDP (2019 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Budget": {
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"revenues": {
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"text": "$218.48 billion (2019 est.)"
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@ -1160,36 +1149,13 @@
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"total": {
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"text": "24"
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},
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"over 3,047 m": {
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"text": "1"
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},
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"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
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"text": "5"
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},
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"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
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"text": "1"
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},
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"914 to 1,523 m": {
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"text": "4"
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},
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"under 914 m": {
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"text": "13 (2021)"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
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},
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"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
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"total": {
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"text": "28"
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},
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"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
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"text": "1"
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},
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"914 to 1,523 m": {
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"text": "3"
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},
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"under 914 m": {
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"text": "24 (2021)"
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}
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
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},
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"Heliports": {
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"text": "1 (2021)"
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"Current health expenditure": {
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"text": "NA"
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
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"text": "NA"
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},
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"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
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"text": "NA"
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},
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"text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
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}
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
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"text": "NA"
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},
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"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
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"text": "22.1% (2016)"
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},
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"text": "King PHILIPPE (since 21 July 2013); Heir Apparent Princess ELISABETH (daughter of the monarch, born 25 October 2001)"
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},
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"head of government": {
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"text": "Prime Minister Alexander DE CROO (since 1 October 2020); Deputy Prime Ministers Vincent Van QUICKENBORNE (since 1 October 2020), Sophie WILMES (since 1 October 2020), Vincent VAN PETEGHEM (since 1 October 2020), Frank VANDENBROUCKE (since 1 October 2020), Pierre-Yves DERMAGNE (since 1 October 2020), Petra DE SUTTER (since 1 October 2020), Georges GILKINET (since 1 October 2020)"
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"text": "Prime Minister Alexander DE CROO (since 1 October 2020); Deputy Prime Ministers Vincent Van QUICKENBORNE (since 1 October 2020), Vincent VAN PETEGHEM (since 1 October 2020), Frank VANDENBROUCKE (since 1 October 2020), Pierre-Yves DERMAGNE (since 1 October 2020), Petra DE SUTTER (since 1 October 2020), Georges GILKINET (since 1 October 2020), David CLARINVAL (since 15 July 2022)"
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},
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"cabinet": {
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"text": "Council of Ministers formally appointed by the monarch"
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}
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},
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"Political parties and leaders": {
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"text": "<strong>Flemish parties:</strong> <br>Christian Democratic and Flemish or CD&V [Sammy MAHDI]<br>Forward [Conner ROUSSEAU] (formerly Social Progressive Alternative or SP.A)<br>Groen or Green [Nadia NAJI and Jeremie VANEECKHOUT] (formerly AGALEV, Flemish Greens)<br>New Flemish Alliance or N-VA [Bart DE WEVER]<br>Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats or Open VLD [Egbert LACHAERT]<br>Vlaams Belang (Flemish Interest) or VB [Tom VAN GRIEKEN]<br><strong>Francophone parties:</strong> <br>Ecolo (Francophone Greens) [Jean-Marc NOLLET and Rajae MAOUANE]<br>Francophone Federalist Democrats or Defi [Francois DE SMET]<br>Les Engages [Maxine PREVOT] (formerly Humanist and Democratic Center or CDH)<br>People's Party or PP [Mischael MODRIKAMEN] (dissolved 18 June 2019)<br>Reform Movement or MR [George-Louis BOUCHEZ]<br>Socialist Party or PS [Paul MAGNETTE]<br>Workers' Party or PVDA-PTB [Raoul HEDEBOUW]"
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"text": "<strong>Flemish parties:</strong> <br>Christian Democratic and Flemish or CD&V [Sammy MAHDI]<br>Forward [Conner ROUSSEAU] (formerly Social Progressive Alternative or SP.A)<br>Groen or Green [Nadia NAJI and Jeremie VANEECKHOUT] (formerly AGALEV, Flemish Greens)<br>New Flemish Alliance or N-VA [Bart DE WEVER]<br>Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats or Open VLD [Egbert LACHAERT]<br>Vlaams Belang (Flemish Interest) or VB [Tom VAN GRIEKEN]<br><strong>Francophone parties:</strong> <br>Ecolo (Francophone Greens) [Jean-Marc NOLLET and Rajae MAOUANE]<br>Francophone Federalist Democrats or Defi [Francois DE SMET]<br>Les Engages [Maxime PREVOT] (formerly Humanist and Democratic Center or CDH)<br>Reform Movement or MR [George-Louis BOUCHEZ]<br>Socialist Party or PS [Paul MAGNETTE]<br>Workers' Party or PVDA-PTB [Raoul HEDEBOUW]"
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},
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"International organization participation": {
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"text": "ADB (nonregional members), AfDB (nonregional members), Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
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"text": "28.4% (2006)"
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}
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},
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"Remittances": {
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"Remittances 2021": {
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"text": "2.67% of GDP (2021 est.)"
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},
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"Remittances 2020": {
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"text": "2.42% of GDP (2020 est.)"
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},
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"Remittances 2019": {
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"text": "2.27% of GDP (2019 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Budget": {
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"revenues": {
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||||
"text": "$267.105 billion (2019 est.)"
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@ -1149,30 +1135,13 @@
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"total": {
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||||
"text": "26"
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},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "6"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "9"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "8 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "15"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "15 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1271,7 +1240,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "20,086 (Syria), 7,049 (Afghanistan), 5,769 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 70,917 (Ukraine) (as of 11 April 2023)"
|
||||
"text": "20,086 (Syria), 7,049 (Afghanistan), 5,769 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 71,446 (Ukraine) (as of 2 May 2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "1,190 (2022)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
|
|||
{
|
||||
"Introduction": {
|
||||
"Background": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>Bosnia and Herzegovina declared sovereignty in October 1991 and independence from the former Yugoslavia on 3 March 1992 after a referendum boycotted by ethnic Serbs. The Bosnian Serbs - supported by neighboring Serbia and Montenegro - responded with armed resistance aimed at partitioning the republic along ethnic lines and joining Serb-held areas to form a \"Greater Serbia.\" In March 1994, Bosniaks and Croats reduced the number of warring factions from three to two by signing an agreement creating a joint Bosniak-Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. On 21 November 1995, in Dayton, Ohio, the warring parties initialed a peace agreement that ended three years of interethnic civil strife (the final agreement was signed in Paris on 14 December 1995).</p> <p>The Dayton Peace Accords retained Bosnia and Herzegovina's international boundaries and created a multiethnic and democratic government charged with conducting foreign, diplomatic, and fiscal policy. Also recognized was a second tier of government composed of two entities roughly equal in size: the predominantly Bosniak-Bosnian Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the predominantly Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska (RS). The Federation and RS governments are responsible for overseeing most government functions. Additionally, the Dayton Accords established the Office of the High Representative to oversee the implementation of the civilian aspects of the agreement. The Peace Implementation Council at its conference in Bonn in 1997 also gave the High Representative the authority to impose legislation and remove officials, the so-called \"Bonn Powers.\" An original NATO-led international peacekeeping force (IFOR) of 60,000 troops assembled in 1995 was succeeded over time by a smaller, NATO-led Stabilization Force (SFOR). In 2004, European Union peacekeeping troops (EUFOR) replaced SFOR. Currently, EUFOR deploys around 600 troops in theater in a security assistance and training capacity.</p>"
|
||||
"text": "<p>Bosnia and Herzegovina declared sovereignty in October 1991 and independence from the former Yugoslavia on 3 March 1992 after a referendum boycotted by ethnic Serbs. The Bosnian Serbs - supported by neighboring Serbia and Montenegro - responded with armed resistance aimed at partitioning the republic along ethnic lines and joining Serb-held areas to form a \"Greater Serbia.\" In March 1994, Bosniaks and Croats reduced the number of warring factions from three to two by signing an agreement creating a joint Bosniak-Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. On 21 November 1995, in Dayton, Ohio, the warring parties initialed a peace agreement that ended three years of interethnic civil strife (the final agreement was signed in Paris on 14 December 1995).</p> <p>The Dayton Peace Accords retained Bosnia and Herzegovina's international boundaries and created a multiethnic and democratic government charged with conducting foreign, diplomatic, and fiscal policy. Also recognized was a second tier of government composed of two entities roughly equal in size: the predominantly Bosniak-Bosnian Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the predominantly Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska (RS). The Federation and RS governments are responsible for overseeing most government functions. Additionally, the Dayton Accords established the Office of the High Representative to oversee the implementation of the civilian aspects of the agreement. The Peace Implementation Council at its conference in Bonn in 1997 also gave the High Representative the authority to impose legislation and remove officials, the so-called \"Bonn Powers.\" In 1995, the NATO-led international peacekeeping force (IFOR) of 60,000 troops enforced the peace, but was replaced the next year by a smaller, NATO-led Stabilization Force (SFOR). In 2004, European Union peacekeeping troops (EUFOR) replaced SFOR. Currently, EUFOR deploys around 1,200 troops in Bosnia in a peacekeeping capacity.</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Geography": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -290,9 +290,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: (2020 est.) NA"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "17.9% (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -555,7 +552,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "3-member presidency (1 Bosniak and 1 Croat elected from the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and 1 Serb elected from the Republika Srpska) directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term, but then ineligible for 4 years); the presidency chairpersonship rotates every 8 months with the new member of the presidency elected with the highest number of votes starting the new mandate as chair; election last held on 2 October 2022 (next to be held in October 2026); the chairman of the Council of Ministers appointed by the presidency and confirmed by the state-level House of Representatives"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"election results": {
|
||||
"text": "<em>2022: </em>percent of vote<em> -</em> Denis BECIROVIC - (SDP BiH) 57.4% - Bosniak seat; Zeljko KOMSIC (DF) 55.8% - Croat seat; Zeljka CVIJANOVIC (SNSD) 51.7% - Serb seat<em><br><br>2018: </em>percent of vote - Milorad DODIK (SNSD) 53.9% - Serb seat; Zeljko KOMSIC (DF) 52.6% - Croat seat; Sefik DZAFEROVIC (SDA) 36.6% - Bosniak seat<br><br><em>2014:</em> percent of vote - Mladen IVANIC (PDP) 48.7% - Serb seat; Dragan COVIC (HDZ-BiH) 52.2% - Croat seat; Bakir IZETBEGOVIC (SDA) 32.9% - Bosniak seat"
|
||||
"text": "<em>2022: </em>percent of vote<em> -</em> Denis BECIROVIC - (SDP BiH) 57.4% - Bosniak seat; Zeljko KOMSIC (DF) 55.8% - Croat seat; Zeljka CVIJANOVIC (SNSD) 51.7% - Serb seat<em><br><br>2018: </em>percent of vote - Milorad DODIK (SNSD) 53.9% - Serb seat; Zeljko KOMSIC (DF) 52.6% - Croat seat; Sefik DZAFEROVIC (SDA) 36.6% - Bosniak seat"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> President of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Lidiia BRADARA (since 28 February 2023); Vice Presidents Refik LENDO (since 28 February 2023) and Igor STOJANOVIC (since 28 February 2023); President of the Republika Srpska Milorad DODIK (since 15 November 2022); Vice Presidents Camil DURAKOVIC (since 15 November 2022) and Davor PRANJIC (since 15 November 2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -819,17 +816,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "25.8% (2011 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances": {
|
||||
"Remittances 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "10.16% of GDP (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2020": {
|
||||
"text": "9.58% of GDP (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "11.55% of GDP (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$8.434 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1150,30 +1136,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "7"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "4"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "17"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "5"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "11 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
"text": "6 (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1261,7 +1230,7 @@
|
|||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "48 (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>118,538 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-April 2023)"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>119,521 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-April 2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Illicit drugs": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>drug trafficking groups are major players in the procurement and transportation of large quantities of cocaine destined for European markets</p>"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
|
|||
{
|
||||
"Introduction": {
|
||||
"Background": {
|
||||
"text": "After seven decades as a constituent republic of the USSR, Belarus attained its independence in 1991. It has retained closer political and economic ties to Russia than have any of the other former Soviet republics. Belarus and Russia signed a treaty on a two-state union on 8 December 1999 envisioning greater political and economic integration. Although Belarus agreed to a framework to carry out the accord, serious implementation has yet to take place and negotiations on further integration have been contentious. Since his election in July 1994 as the country's first and only directly elected president, Alyaksandr LUKASHENKA has steadily consolidated his power through authoritarian means and a centralized economic system. Government restrictions on political and civil freedoms, freedom of speech and the press, peaceful assembly, and religion have remained in place. Restrictions on political freedoms have grown increasingly strained following the disputed presidential election in August 2020. The election results sparked largescale protests as members of the opposition and civil society criticized the election’s validity. Alyaksandr LUKASHENKA has remained in power as the disputed winner of the presidential election after quelling protests in late 2020. <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>"
|
||||
"text": "After seven decades as a constituent republic of the USSR, Belarus attained its independence in 1991. It has retained closer political and economic ties to Russia than have any of the other former Soviet republics, and since 2022 Belarus has facilitated Russia's war in Ukraine, which was launched in part from Belarusian territory. Belarus and Russia signed a treaty on a two-state union on 8 December 1999 envisioning greater political and economic integration. Although Belarus agreed to a framework to carry out the accord, serious implementation has yet to take place and negotiations on further integration have been contentious. Since his election in July 1994 as the country's first and only directly elected president, Alyaksandr LUKASHENKA has steadily consolidated his power through authoritarian means and a centralized economic system. Government restrictions on political and civil freedoms, freedom of speech and the press, peaceful assembly, and religion have remained in place. Restrictions on political freedoms have grown increasingly strained following the disputed presidential election in August 2020. The election results sparked largescale protests as members of the opposition and civil society criticized the election’s validity. Alyaksandr LUKASHENKA has remained in power as the disputed winner of the presidential election after quelling protests in late 2020. <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Geography": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -292,9 +292,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 0.5% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "0.5% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "24.5% (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -827,17 +824,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "21.9% (2008)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances": {
|
||||
"Remittances 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "1.67% of GDP (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2020": {
|
||||
"text": "1.65% of GDP (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "2.2% of GDP (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$24.743 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1157,39 +1143,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "33"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "20"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "4"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "7 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "32"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "28 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1271,7 +1231,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "22,168 (Ukraine) (as of 28 March 2023)"
|
||||
"text": "22,820 (Ukraine) (as of 26 April 2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "5,626 (2022)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -301,9 +301,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "(21 est.) <0.1%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "25% (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -830,17 +827,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "31.2% (2017)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances": {
|
||||
"Remittances 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "0.94% of GDP (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2020": {
|
||||
"text": "1.36% of GDP (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "3.4% of GDP (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$24.487 billion (2020 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1162,30 +1148,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "57"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "17"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "12"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "26 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "11"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "9 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1274,7 +1243,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "22,226 (Syria) (mid-year 2022); 47,131 (Ukraine) (as of 18 April 2023)"
|
||||
"text": "22,226 (Syria) (mid-year 2022); 49,185 (Ukraine) (as of 2 May 2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "1,129 (2022)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -298,9 +298,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 0.6% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "0.1% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "21.8% (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -819,17 +816,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "28.8% (2014)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances": {
|
||||
"Remittances 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "2.34% of GDP (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2020": {
|
||||
"text": "2.13% of GDP (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "2.06% of GDP (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$10.362 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1150,27 +1136,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "13"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "7"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
"text": "9 (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
|
|||
{
|
||||
"Introduction": {
|
||||
"Background": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>Once the seat of Viking raiders and later a major north European power, Denmark has evolved into a modern, prosperous nation that is participating in the general political and economic integration of Europe. It joined NATO in 1949 and the EEC (now the EU) in 1973. However, the country has opted out of certain elements of the EU's Maastricht Treaty, including the European Economic and Monetary Union, European defense cooperation, and justice and home affairs issues.</p>"
|
||||
"text": "<p>Once the seat of Viking raiders and later a major north European power, Denmark has evolved into a modern, prosperous nation that is participating in the general political and economic integration of Europe. It joined NATO in 1949 and the EEC (now the EU) in 1973. However, the country has opted out of certain elements of the EU's Maastricht Treaty, including the European Economic and Monetary Union, and justice and home affairs issues.</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Geography": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -299,9 +299,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "0.1% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "19.7% (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -562,7 +559,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "last held on 1 November 2022 (next to be held on 31 October 2026)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"election results": {
|
||||
"text": "<em><br>1 November 2022:</em> percent of vote by party - SDP 27.5%, V 13.3%, M 9.3%, E 8.1%, DF 2.6%, SLP 3.8%, SF 8.3%, EL 5.1%, C 5.5%, AP 3.3%, NB 3.3%, LA 8.1%; seats by party - SDP 50, V 23, M 16, E 14, DF 5, SLP 7, SF 15, EL 9, C 10, AP 6, NB 6, LA 14; composition - men 101, women 78, percent of women 43.6%<br><br><em>5 June 2019: </em>percent of vote by party - SDP 27.4%, V 24.6%, DF 9.1%, SLP 9.1%, SF 8%, EL 7.4%, C 6.9%, AP 2.9%, NB 2.3%, LA 2.3%; seats by party - SDP 48, V 43, DF 16, SLP 16, SF 14, EL 13, C 12, AP 5, NB 4, LA 4; composition (as of September 2021) - men 108, women 71 (includes 2 from Greenland), percent of women 39.7%"
|
||||
"text": "<em><br>1 November 2022:</em> percent of vote by party - SDP 27.5%, V 13.3%, M 9.3%, E 8.1%, DF 2.6%, SLP 3.8%, SF 8.3%, EL 5.1%, C 5.5%, AP 3.3%, NB 3.3%, LA 8.1%; seats by party - SDP 50, V 23, M 16, E 14, DF 5, SLP 7, SF 15, EL 9, C 10, AP 6, NB 6, LA 14; composition - men 101, women 78, percent of women 43.6%"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Judicial branch": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -577,7 +574,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Political parties and leaders": {
|
||||
"text": "The Alternative or AP [Franciska ROSENKILDE]<br>Conservative People's Party or DKF or C [Soren PAPE POULSEN]<br>Danish People's Party or DF or O [Morten MESSERSCHMIDT]<br>Denmark Democrats or E [Inger STOJBERG]<br>Green Left or SF or F [Pia OLSEN DYHR] (formerly Socialist People's Party or SF or F)<br>Liberal Alliance or LA or I [Alex VANOPSLAGH]<br>Liberal Party (Venstre) or V [Jakob ELLEMANN-JENSEN]<br>Moderates or M [Lars Lokke RASMUSSEN]<br>New Right Party or NB or D [Ann Pernille VERMUND TVEDE]<br>Red-Green Alliance (Unity List) or EL [collective leadership, Mai VILLADSEN, spokesperson]<br>Social Democrats or SDP or A [Mette FREDERIKSEN]<br>Social Liberal Party or SLP or B [Sofie CARSTEN NIELSEN]"
|
||||
"text": "The Alternative or AP [Franciska ROSENKILDE]<br>Conservative People's Party or DKF or C [Soren PAPE POULSEN]<br>Danish People's Party or DF or O [Morten MESSERSCHMIDT]<br>Denmark Democrats or E [Inger STOJBERG]<br>Green Left or SF or F [Pia OLSEN DYHR] (formerly Socialist People's Party or SF or F)<br>Liberal Alliance or LA or I [Alex VANOPSLAGH]<br>Liberal Party (Venstre) or V [Jakob ELLEMANN-JENSEN]<br>Moderates or M [Lars Lokke RASMUSSEN]<br>New Right Party or NB or D [Ann Pernille VERMUND TVEDE]<br>Red-Green Alliance (Unity List) or EL [collective leadership, Mai VILLADSEN, spokesperson]<br>Social Democrats or SDP or A [Mette FREDERIKSEN]<br>Social Liberal Party or SLP or B [Martin LIDEGAARD]"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"International organization participation": {
|
||||
"text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
|
||||
|
|
@ -812,17 +809,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "23.4% (2016 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances": {
|
||||
"Remittances 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "0.37% of GDP (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2020": {
|
||||
"text": "0.42% of GDP (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "0.42% of GDP (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$185.645 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1139,33 +1125,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "28"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "7"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "5"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "12"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "52"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "5"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "47 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Pipelines": {
|
||||
"text": "1,536 km gas, 330 km oil (2015)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1246,7 +1212,7 @@
|
|||
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> women have been able serve in all military occupations, including combat arms, since 1988; as of 2019, they made up about 8% of the military's full-time personnel; conscientious objectors can choose to instead serve 6 months in a non-military position, for example in Beredskabsstyrelsen (dealing with non-military disasters like fires, flood, pollution, etc.) or overseas foreign aid work<br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>foreigners who have lived in Denmark for at least 1 year or in another EU country for 6 years may apply to join the armed forces, provided they are fluent in Danish <br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>Denmark has had compulsory military service since 1849"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military deployments": {
|
||||
"text": "approximately 220 Estonia (NATO); approximately 750 Latvia (NATO); approximately 100 Middle East/Iraq (NATO) (2022)",
|
||||
"text": "approximately 225 Estonia (NATO); approximately 800 Latvia (NATO) (2023)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>in response to Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Denmark, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -110,9 +110,6 @@
|
|||
"Current health expenditure": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "<p>The evolution of what is today the European Union (EU) from a regional economic agreement among six neighboring states in 1951 to today's hybrid intergovernmental and supranational organization of 27 countries across the European continent stands as an unprecedented phenomenon in the annals of history. Dynastic unions for territorial consolidation were long the norm in Europe; on a few occasions even country-level unions were arranged - the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Austro-Hungarian Empire were examples. For such a large number of nation-states to cede some of their sovereignty to an overarching entity is unique.</p> <p>Although the EU is not a federation in the strict sense, it is far more than a free-trade association such as ASEAN or Mercosur, and it has certain attributes associated with independent nations: its own flag, currency (for some members), and law-making abilities, as well as diplomatic representation and a common foreign and security policy in its dealings with external partners.</p> <p>Thus, inclusion of basic intelligence on the EU has been deemed appropriate as a separate entity in The World Factbook.</p>"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Background": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>Following the two devastating World Wars in the first half of the 20th century, a number of far-sighted European leaders in the late 1940s sought a response to the overwhelming desire for peace and reconciliation on the continent. In 1950, the French Foreign Minister Robert SCHUMAN proposed pooling the production of coal and steel in Western Europe and setting up an organization for that purpose that would bring France and the Federal Republic of Germany together and would be open to other countries as well. The following year, the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was set up when six members - Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands - signed the Treaty of Paris.</p> <p>The ECSC was so successful that within a few years the decision was made to integrate other elements of the member states' economies. In 1957, envisioning an \"ever closer union,\" the Treaties of Rome were signed creating the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), and the six member states strove to eliminate trade barriers among themselves by forming a common market. In 1967, the institutions of all three communities were formally merged into the European Community (EC), creating a single Commission, a single Council of Ministers, and the body known today as the European Parliament. Members of the European Parliament were initially selected by national parliaments, but in 1979 the first direct elections were undertaken and have been held every five years since.</p> <p>In 1973, the first enlargement of the EC took place with the addition of Denmark, Ireland, and the UK. The 1980s saw further membership expansion with Greece joining in 1981 and Spain and Portugal in 1986. The 1992 Treaty of Maastricht laid the basis for further forms of cooperation in foreign and defense policy, in judicial and internal affairs, and in the creation of an economic and monetary union - including a common currency. This further integration created the European Union (EU), at the time standing alongside the EC. In 1995, Austria, Finland, and Sweden joined the EU/EC, raising the total number of member states to 15.</p> <p>A new currency, the euro, was launched in world money markets on 1 January 1999; it became the unit of exchange for all EU member states except Denmark, Sweden, and the UK. In 2002, citizens of those 12 countries began using euro banknotes and coins. Ten new countries joined the EU in 2004 - Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia. Bulgaria and Romania joined in 2007 and Croatia in 2013, but the UK withdrew in 2020. Current membership stands at 27. (Seven of the new countries - Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Slovakia, and Slovenia - have now adopted the euro, bringing total euro-zone membership to 19.)</p> <p>In an effort to ensure that the EU could function efficiently with an expanded membership, the Treaty of Nice (concluded in 2000; entered into force in 2003) set forth rules to streamline the size and procedures of EU institutions. An effort to establish a \"Constitution for Europe,\" growing out of a Convention held in 2002-2003, foundered when it was rejected in referenda in France and the Netherlands in 2005. A subsequent effort in 2007 incorporated many of the features of the rejected draft Constitutional Treaty while also making a number of substantive and symbolic changes. The new treaty, referred to as the Treaty of Lisbon, sought to amend existing treaties rather than replace them. The treaty was approved at the EU intergovernmental conference of member states held in Lisbon in December 2007, after which the process of national ratifications began. In October 2009, an Irish referendum approved the Lisbon Treaty (overturning a previous rejection) and cleared the way for an ultimate unanimous endorsement. Poland and the Czech Republic ratified soon after. The Lisbon Treaty came into force on 1 December 2009 and the EU officially replaced and succeeded the EC. The Lisbon Treaty's provisions are part of the basic consolidated versions of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union now governing what remains a very specific integration project.</p> <p>UK citizens on 23 June 2016 narrowly voted to leave the EU; the formal exit took place on 31 January 2020. The EU and UK negotiated and ratified a Withdrawal Agreement that included a status quo transition period through December 2020, when the follow-on EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement was concluded.</p>"
|
||||
"text": "<p>In the aftermath and devastation of the two World Wars, a number of far-sighted European leaders in the late 1940s sought to respond to the overwhelming desire for peace and reconciliation on the continent. In 1950, the French Foreign Minister Robert SCHUMAN proposed pooling the production of coal and steel in Western Europe, which would bring France and West Germany together and be open to other countries as well. The following year, the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was set up when six members - Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands - signed the Treaty of Paris.</p> <p>Within a few years, the ECSC was so successful that member states decided to further integrate their economies. In 1957, envisioning an \"ever closer union,\" the Treaties of Rome were signed creating the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), eliminating trade barriers among the six member states to create a common market. In 1967, the institutions of all three communities were formally merged into the European Community (EC), creating a single Commission, a single Council of Ministers, and a legislative body known today as the European Parliament. Members of the European Parliament were initially selected by national parliaments, but in 1979 the first direct elections were undertaken and have been held every five years since.</p> <p>In 1973, the first enlargement of the EC took place with the addition of Denmark, Ireland, and the UK. The 1980s saw further membership expansion with Greece joining in 1981 and Spain and Portugal in 1986. The 1992 Treaty of Maastricht laid the basis for further cooperation in the fields of foreign and defense policy, judicial and internal affairs, and the creation of an economic and monetary union - including a common currency. The Maastricht Treaty created the European Union (EU), at the time standing alongside the EC. In 1995, Austria, Finland, and Sweden joined the EU/EC, raising the total number of member states to 15. On 1 January 1999, a new currency, the euro, was launched in world markets and became the unit of exchange for all EU member states except Denmark, Sweden, and the UK. In 2002, citizens of the 12 participating member states began using euro banknotes and coins.</p> <p>Ten new countries joined the EU in 2004 - Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia. Bulgaria and Romania joined in 2007 and Croatia in 2013. UK citizens on 23 June 2016 narrowly voted to leave the EU; the formal exit took place on 31 January 2020. The EU and the UK negotiated a Withdrawal Agreement that included a status quo transition period through December 2020, when the follow-on EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement was concluded. Current membership stands at 27. (Eight of the newer member states - Croatia, Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Slovakia, and Slovenia - have now adopted the euro, bringing total euro-zone membership to 20.)</p> <p>In an effort to ensure that the EU could function efficiently with an expanded membership, the Treaty of Nice in 2000 set forth rules to streamline the size and procedures of the EU's institutions. An effort to establish a \"Constitution for Europe,\" growing out of a Convention held in 2002-2003, foundered when it was rejected in referenda in France and the Netherlands in 2005. A subsequent effort in 2007 incorporated many of the features of the rejected draft Constitutional Treaty, while also making a number of substantive as well as symbolic changes. The new treaty, referred to as the Treaty of Lisbon, sought to amend existing treaties rather than replace them. The treaty was approved at a conference of member states held in Lisbon in December 2007, after which the process of national ratifications began. After all member states ratified, the Lisbon Treaty came into force on 1 December 2009, and the EU officially replaced and succeeded the EC.</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Geography": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -210,9 +210,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: NA"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "note - see individual entries of member states"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -286,7 +283,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Capital": {
|
||||
"name": {
|
||||
"text": "Brussels (Belgium), Strasbourg (France), Luxembourg, Frankfurt (Germany); note - the European Council, a gathering of the EU heads of state and/or government, and the Council of the European Union, a ministerial-level body of 10 formations, meet in Brussels, Belgium, except for Council meetings held in Luxembourg in April, June, and October; the European Parliament meets in Brussels and Strasbourg, France, and has administrative offices in Luxembourg; the Court of Justice of the European Union is located in Luxembourg; and the European Central Bank is located in Frankfurt, Germany"
|
||||
"text": "Brussels (Belgium), Strasbourg (France), Luxembourg, Frankfurt (Germany); note - the European Council, a gathering of member-state heads of state and/or government, and the Council of the European Union, a gathering of member-state cabinet ministers, meet in Brussels, Belgium, except for Council of the EU meetings held in Luxembourg in April, June, and October; the European Parliament meets in Brussels and Strasbourg, France, and has administrative offices in Luxembourg; the Court of Justice of the European Union is located in Luxembourg; and the European Central Bank is located in Frankfurt, Germany"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"geographic coordinates": {
|
||||
"text": "(Brussels) 50 50 N, 4 20 E"
|
||||
|
|
@ -298,7 +295,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"time zone note": {
|
||||
"text": "the 27 European Union countries spread across three time zones; a proposal has been put forward to do away with daylight savings time in all EU member states"
|
||||
"text": "the 27 European Union member states spread across three time zones; a proposal has been put forward to do away with daylight savings time in all EU member states"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Member states": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -558,17 +555,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "23.8% (2016 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances": {
|
||||
"Remittances 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "0.78% of GDP (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2020": {
|
||||
"text": "0.79% of GDP (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "0.81% of GDP (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
|
||||
"text": "-3% (of GDP) (2014)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -735,42 +721,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "1,882"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "120"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "341"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "507"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "425"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "489 (2017)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "1,244"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "15"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "245"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "982 (2013)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
"text": "(2021) 90"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
|
|||
{
|
||||
"Introduction": {
|
||||
"Background": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>Celtic tribes arrived on the island between 600 and 150 B.C. Invasions by Norsemen that began in the late 8th century were finally ended when King Brian BORU defeated the Danes in 1014. Norman invasions began in the 12th century and set off more than seven centuries of Anglo-Irish struggle marked by fierce rebellions and harsh repressions. The Irish famine of the mid-19th century was responsible for a drop in the island's population by more than one quarter through starvation, disease, and emigration. For more than a century afterward, the population of the island continued to fall only to begin growing again in the 1960s. Over the last 50 years, Ireland's high birthrate has made it demographically one of the youngest populations in the EU.</p> <p>The modern Irish state traces its origins to the failed 1916 Easter Monday Uprising that galvanized nationalist sentiment and fostered a guerrilla war resulting in independence from the UK in 1921 with the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the creation of the Irish Free State. The treaty was deeply controversial in Ireland in part because it helped solidify the partition of Ireland, with six of the island's 32 counties remaining in the UK as Northern Ireland. The split between pro-Treaty and anti-Treaty partisans led to the Irish Civil War (1922-23). The traditionally dominant political parties in Ireland, Fine Gael and Fianna Fail, are de facto descendants of the opposing sides of the treaty debate. Ireland formally left the British Dominion in 1949 when Ireland declared itself a republic.<br><br>Deep sectarian divides between the Catholic and Protestant populations and systemic discrimination in Northern Ireland erupted into years of violence known as the \"Troubles\" that began in the 1960s. In 1998, the governments of Ireland and the UK, along with most political parties in Northern Ireland, reached the Belfast/Good Friday Agreement with the support of the US. This agreement helped end the Troubles and initiated a new phase of cooperation between the Irish and British Governments. <br><br>Ireland was neutral in World War II and continues its policy of military neutrality. Ireland joined the European Community in 1973 and the euro-zone currency union in 1999. The economic boom years of the Celtic Tiger (1995-2007) saw rapid economic growth, which came to an abrupt end in 2008 with the meltdown of the Irish banking system. As a small, open economy, Ireland has excelled at courting foreign direct investment, especially from US multi-nationals, which helped the economy recover from the financial crisis and insolated it from the economic shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>"
|
||||
"text": "<p>Celtic tribes arrived on the island between 600 and 150 B.C. Invasions by Norsemen that began in the late 8th century were finally ended when King Brian BORU defeated the Danes in 1014. Norman invasions began in the 12th century and set off more than seven centuries of Anglo-Irish struggle marked by fierce rebellions and harsh repressions. The Irish famine of the mid-19th century was responsible for a drop in the island's population by more than one quarter through starvation, disease, and emigration. For more than a century afterward, the population of the island continued to fall, only to begin growing again in the 1960s. Over the last 50 years, Ireland's high birthrate has made it demographically one of the youngest populations in the EU.</p> <p>The modern Irish state traces its origins to the failed 1916 Easter Monday Uprising that galvanized nationalist sentiment and fostered a guerrilla war resulting in independence from the UK in 1921 with the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the creation of the Irish Free State. The treaty was deeply controversial in Ireland, in part because it helped solidify the partition of Ireland, with six of the island's 32 counties remaining in the UK as Northern Ireland. The split between pro-Treaty and anti-Treaty partisans led to the Irish Civil War (1922-23). The traditionally dominant political parties in Ireland, Fine Gael and Fianna Fail, are de facto descendants of the opposing sides of the treaty debate. Ireland formally left the British Dominion in 1949 when Ireland declared itself a republic.<br><br>Deep sectarian divides between the Catholic and Protestant populations and systemic discrimination in Northern Ireland erupted into years of violence known as the \"Troubles\" that began in the 1960s. In 1998, the governments of Ireland and the UK, along with most political parties in Northern Ireland, reached the Belfast/Good Friday Agreement with the support of the US. This agreement helped end the Troubles and initiated a new phase of cooperation between the Irish and British Governments. <br><br>Ireland was neutral in World War II and continues its policy of military neutrality. Ireland joined the European Community in 1973 and the euro-zone currency union in 1999. The economic boom years of the Celtic Tiger (1995-2007) saw rapid economic growth, which came to an abrupt end in 2008 with the meltdown of the Irish banking system. As a small, open economy, Ireland has excelled at courting foreign direct investment, especially from US multi-nationals, which helped the economy recover from the financial crisis and insulated it somewhat from the economic shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Geography": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -286,9 +286,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 1.7% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "0.3% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "25.3% (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -549,10 +546,10 @@
|
|||
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Oireachtas consists of:<br>Senate or Seanad Eireann (60 seats; 49 members indirectly elected from 5 vocational panels of nominees by an electoral college, 11 appointed by the prime minister<br>House of Representatives or Dail Eireann (160 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; all Parliament members serve 5-year terms)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"elections": {
|
||||
"text": "<br>Senate - last held early on 21-30 May 2020 (next to be held in March 2025)<br>House of Representatives - last held on 8 February 2020 (next to be held no later than 2025)"
|
||||
"text": "<br>Senate - last held early on 21-30 May 2020 (next to be held in March 2025)<br>House of Representatives - last held on 8 February 2020 (next to be held no later than March 2025)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"election results": {
|
||||
"text": "<strong> </strong><br>Senate - percent of vote by party - Fianna Fail 35%, Fine Gael 26.7%, Labor Party 6.7%, Sinn Fein 6.7%, Green Party 6.7%<strong>,</strong> Human Dignity Alliance 1.6%, independent 16.7%; seats by party - Fianna Fail 21, Fine Gael 16, Labor Party 4, Sinn Fein 4, Green Party 4<strong>,</strong> Human Dignity Alliance 1, independent 10; composition - men 36, women 24, percent of women 40% <br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - Sinn Fein 22.6%, Fianna Fail 22.6%, Fine Gael 20.7%, Green Party 6.3%, Labor Party 4.5%, Social Democrats 3.8%, PBPS 3.2%, Aontu 0.6%, Right to Change 0.6%, independent 15%; seats by party - Sinn Fein 36, Fianna Fail 36, Fine Gael 33, Green Party 10, Labor Party 7, Social Democrats 6, PBPS 5, Aontu l, Right to Change 1, Independents 24; composition as of March 2022 - men 123, women 37, percent of women 23.1%; note - total Parliament percent of women 27.7%"
|
||||
"text": "<strong> </strong><br>Senate - percent of vote by party - Fianna Fail 35%, Fine Gael 26.7%, Labor Party 6.7%, Sinn Fein 6.7%, Green Party 6.7%<strong>,</strong> Human Dignity Alliance 1.6%, independent 16.7%; seats by party - Fianna Fail 21, Fine Gael 16, Labor Party 4, Sinn Fein 4, Green Party 4<strong>,</strong> Human Dignity Alliance 1, independent 10; composition - men 36, women 24, percent of women 40% <br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - Fianna Fail 23.8%, Sinn Fein 23.1%, Fine Gael 21.9%, Green Party 7.5%, Labor Party 3.8%, Social Democrats 3.8%, PBPS 3.2%, Aontu 0.6%, Right to Change 0.6%, independent 11.9%; seats by party - Fianna Fail 38, Sinn Fein 37, Fine Gael 35, Green Party 12, Labor Party 6, Social Democrats 6, PBPS 5, Aontu l, Right to Change 1, Independents 24; composition as of March 2022 - men 123, women 37, percent of women 23.1%; note - total Parliament percent of women 27.7%"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Judicial branch": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -567,7 +564,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Political parties and leaders": {
|
||||
"text": "Aontu [Peadar TOIBIN]<br>Solidarity-People Before Profit or PBPS [collective leadership]<br>Fianna Fail [Micheal MARTIN]<br>Fine Gael [Leo VARADKAR]<br>Green Party [Eamon RYAN]<br>Human Dignity Alliance [Ronan MULLEN]<br>Labor (Labour) Party Ivana BACIK]<br>Renua Ireland (vacant)<br>Right to Change or RTC [Joan COLLINS]<br>Sinn Fein [Mary Lou McDONALD]<br>Social Democrats [Catherine MURPHY, Roisin SHORTALL]<br>Socialist Party [collective leadership]<br>The Workers' Party [collective leadership]"
|
||||
"text": "Aontu [Peadar TOIBIN]<br>Solidarity-People Before Profit or PBPS [collective leadership]<br>Fianna Fail [Micheal MARTIN]<br>Fine Gael [Leo VARADKAR]<br>Green Party [Eamon RYAN]<br>Human Dignity Alliance [Ronan MULLEN]<br>Labor (Labour) Party Ivana BACIK]<br>Renua Ireland (vacant)<br>Right to Change or RTC [Joan COLLINS]<br>Sinn Fein [Mary Lou McDONALD]<br>Social Democrats [Holly CAIRNS]<br>Socialist Party [collective leadership]<br>The Workers' Party [collective leadership]"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"International organization participation": {
|
||||
"text": "ADB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOCI, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
|
||||
|
|
@ -802,17 +799,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "27.2% (2000)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances": {
|
||||
"Remittances 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "0.04% of GDP (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2020": {
|
||||
"text": "0.06% of GDP (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "0.15% of GDP (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$99.784 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1132,36 +1118,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "16"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "4"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "5"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "5 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "24"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "21 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Pipelines": {
|
||||
"text": "2,427 km gas (2017)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1240,7 +1203,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "130 Golan Heights (UNDOF); 320 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (May 2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military - note": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>the Irish Defense Forces trace their origins back to the Irish Volunteers, a unit established in 1913; the Irish Volunteers took part in the 1916 Easter Rising and the Irish War of Independence, 1919-1921</p> <p>Ireland has a long-standing policy of military neutrality; however, it participates in international peacekeeping and humanitarian operations, as well as crisis management; Ireland is a signatory of the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy and has committed a battalion of troops to the EU’s Rapid Reaction Force; Ireland is not a member of NATO but has a relationship going back to 1997 when it deployed personnel in support of the NATO-led peacekeeping operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina; Ireland joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1999; Ireland has been an active participatant in UN peacekeeping operations since the 1950s</p>"
|
||||
"text": "<p>the Irish Defense Forces trace their origins back to the Irish Volunteers, a unit established in 1913; the Irish Volunteers took part in the 1916 Easter Rising and the Irish War of Independence, 1919-1921</p> <p>Ireland has a long-standing policy of military neutrality; however, it participates in international peacekeeping and humanitarian operations, as well as crisis management; Ireland is a signatory of the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy and has committed a battalion of troops to the EU’s Rapid Reaction Force; Ireland is not a member of NATO but has a relationship going back to 1997 when it deployed personnel in support of the NATO-led peacekeeping operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina; Ireland joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1999; Ireland has been an active participatant in UN peacekeeping operations since the 1950s</p> (2023)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Terrorism": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1255,7 +1218,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "80,540 (Ukraine) (as of 9 April 2023)"
|
||||
"text": "81,769 (Ukraine) (as of 21 April 2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "7 (2022)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -292,9 +292,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 0.2% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major infectious diseases": {
|
||||
"degree of risk": {
|
||||
"text": "intermediate (2020)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -834,17 +831,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "25.6% (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances": {
|
||||
"Remittances 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "1.56% of GDP (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2020": {
|
||||
"text": "1.61% of GDP (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "1.74% of GDP (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$12.282 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1161,33 +1147,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "13"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "8"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "5"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -293,9 +293,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "(2018 est.) <.1%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "26% (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -818,17 +815,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "21.7% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances": {
|
||||
"Remittances 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "1.56% of GDP (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2020": {
|
||||
"text": "1.7% of GDP (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "1.53% of GDP (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$103.838 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1145,36 +1131,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "41"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "9"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "12"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "16 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "87"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "25"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "61 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -304,9 +304,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "22.2% (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -577,7 +574,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "unicameral Parliament or Eduskunta (200 seats; 199 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 1 member in the province of Aland directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"elections": {
|
||||
"text": "last held on 02 April 2023 (next to be held in 30 April 2027)"
|
||||
"text": "last held on 02 April 2023 (next to be held on 30 April 2027)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"election results": {
|
||||
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - Kok 24%, PS 23%, SDP 21.5%. Center Party 11.5%, Vihr 6.5%, Vas 5.5%, SFP 4.5%, KD 2.5%, Aland 0.5%; Movement Now 0.5%; seats by party/coalition - Kok 48, PS 46, SDP 43, Center Party 23, Vihr 13, Vas 11, SFP 9, KD 5; Aland 1; Movement Now 1; composition men 108, women 92, percent of women 46%"
|
||||
|
|
@ -829,17 +826,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "45.2% (2013)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances": {
|
||||
"Remittances 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "0.28% of GDP (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2020": {
|
||||
"text": "0.3% of GDP (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "0.3% of GDP (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$140.643 billion (2020 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1158,33 +1144,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "74"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "26"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "10"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "21"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "14 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "74"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "71 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Pipelines": {
|
||||
"text": "1,288 km gas transmission pipes, 1,976 km distribution pipes (2016)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -276,9 +276,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: NA"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -462,7 +459,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Political parties and leaders": {
|
||||
"text": "Center Party or H (Midflokkurin) [Jenis av RANA]<br>People's Party or A (Folkaflokkurin) [Benir JOHANNESEN]<br>Progress Party or F (Framsokn) [Ruth VANG]<br>Republic or E (Tjodveldi) [Hogni HOYDAL] (formerly the Republican Party)<br>Self-Government Party or D (Sjalvstyri or Sjalvstyrisflokkurin) [Jogvan SKORHEIM]<br>Social Democratic Party or JF (Javnadarflokkurin) or JF [Aksel V. JOHANNESEN]<br>Union Party or B (Sambandsflokkurin) [Bardur A STEIG NIELSEN]"
|
||||
"text": "Center Party or H (Midflokkurin) [Jenis av RANA]<br>People's Party or A (Folkaflokkurin) [Benir JOHANNESEN]<br>Progress Party or F (Framsokn) [Ruth VANG]<br>Republic or E (Tjodveldi) [Hogni HOYDAL] (formerly the Republican Party)<br>Self-Government Party or D (Sjalvstyri or Sjalvstyrisflokkurin) [Samal Peter I GRUND]<br>Social Democratic Party or JF (Javnadarflokkurin) or JF [Aksel V. JOHANNESEN]<br>Union Party or B (Sambandsflokkurin) [Bardur A STEIG NIELSEN]"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"International organization participation": {
|
||||
"text": "Arctic Council, IMO (associate), NC, NIB, UNESCO (associate), UPU"
|
||||
|
|
@ -603,17 +600,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances": {
|
||||
"Remittances 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "0% of GDP (2019 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2018": {
|
||||
"text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2017": {
|
||||
"text": "0% of GDP (2017 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$835.6 million (2014 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -893,9 +879,6 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Roadways": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -323,9 +323,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "0.3% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "21.6% (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -608,7 +605,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 24 and 27 September 2020 (next to be held in September 2023)<br>National Assembly - last held on 12 and 19 June 2022 (next to be held in June 2027)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"election results": {
|
||||
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by political caucus (party or group of parties) - NA ; composition - men 226, women 122, percent of women 35.1%<br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party/coalition in the first round - ENS 25.8%, NUPES 25.7%, RN 18.7%, UDC 11.3%, other 18.5%; seats by party/coalition in the first round - NUPES 4, ENS 1; percent of vote in the second round - ENS 38.6%, NUPES 31.6%, RN 17.3%, UDC 7.3%, other 5.2%, seats by party/coalition in the second round - ENS 244, NUPES 127, RN 89, UDC 64, other 48"
|
||||
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by political caucus (party or group of parties) - NA; composition - men 226, women 122, percent of women 35.1%<br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party/coalition in the first round - ENS 25.8%, NUPES 25.7%, RN 18.7%, UDC 11.3%, other 18.5%; seats by party/coalition in the first round - NUPES 4, ENS 1; percent of vote in the second round - ENS 38.6%, NUPES 31.6%, RN 17.3%, UDC 7.3%, other 5.2%, seats by party/coalition in the second round - ENS 244, NUPES 127, RN 89, UDC 64, other 48"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Judicial branch": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -624,7 +621,7 @@
|
|||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in April 2021, the French Government submitted a bill on judicial reform to Parliament"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Political parties and leaders": {
|
||||
"text": "Citizen and Republican Movement or MRC [Jean-Luc LAURENT]<br>Debout la France or DLF [Nicolas DUPONT-AIGNAN]<br>Democratic Movement or MoDem [Francois BAYROU]<br>Ecologist Pole or PE<br>Europe Ecology - the Greens or EELV [vacant]<br>French Communist Party or PCF [Fabien ROUSSEL]<br>Horizons [Hubert VALADE]<br>La France Insoumise or FI [Jean-Luc MELENCHON]<br>La Republique en Marche! or LREM [Stanislas GUERINI]<br>Movement of Progressives or MDP [Robert HUE]<br>National Rally or RN [Jordan BARDELLA, acting president] (formerly National Front or FN)<br>New Democrats or LND [Aurelien TACHE, Emilie CARIOU] (formerly Ecology Democracy Solidarity or EDS)<br>New Ecological and Social People's Union or NUPES [collective leadership] (electoral coalition including FI, PE, PS, PCF)<br>Radical Party of the Left or PRV [Laurent HENART]<br>Reconquete [Eric ZEMMOUR]<br>Resistons! [Jean LASSALLE]<br>Socialist Party or PS [Olivier FAURE]<br>The Patriots or LP [Florian PHILIPPOT]<br>The Republicans or LR [Christian JACOB]<br>Together or ENS [Richard Ferrand] (electoral coalition including LREM, MoDem, Horizons, PRV)<br>Union of Democrats and Independents or UDI [Jean-Christophe LAGARDE]<br>Union of Right and Center or UDC [Christian JACOB] (electoral coalition including LR, UDI)"
|
||||
"text": "Citizen and Republican Movement or MRC [Jean-Luc LAURENT]<br>Debout la France or DLF [Nicolas DUPONT-AIGNAN]<br>Democratic Movement or MoDem [Francois BAYROU]<br>Ecologist Pole or PE<br>Europe Ecology - the Greens or EELV [Marine TONDELIER]<br>French Communist Party or PCF [Fabien ROUSSEL]<br>Horizons [Hubert VALADE]<br>La France Insoumise or FI [Jean-Luc MELENCHON]<br>La Republique en Marche! or LREM [Stanislas GUERINI]<br>Movement of Progressives or MDP [Robert HUE]<br>National Rally or RN [Jordan BARDELLA, acting president] (formerly National Front or FN)<br>New Democrats or LND [Aurelien TACHE, Emilie CARIOU] (formerly Ecology Democracy Solidarity or EDS)<br>New Ecological and Social People's Union or NUPES [collective leadership] (electoral coalition including FI, PE, PS, PCF)<br>Radical Party of the Left or PRV [Laurent HENART]<br>Reconquete [Eric ZEMMOUR]<br>Resistons! [Jean LASSALLE]<br>Socialist Party or PS [Olivier FAURE]<br>The Patriots or LP [Florian PHILIPPOT]<br>The Republicans or LR [Eric CIOTTI]<br>Together or ENS [Richard Ferrand] (electoral coalition including LREM, MoDem, Horizons, PRV)<br>Union of Democrats and Independents or UDI [Jean-Christophe LAGARDE]<br>Union of Right and Center or UDC [Christian JACOB] (electoral coalition including LR, UDI)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"International organization participation": {
|
||||
"text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BDEAC, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, FZ, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNRWA, UN Security Council (permanent), UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
|
||||
|
|
@ -866,17 +863,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "25.4% (2013)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances": {
|
||||
"Remittances 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "1.08% of GDP (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2020": {
|
||||
"text": "1.09% of GDP (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "1.1% of GDP (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$1.427 trillion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1199,36 +1185,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "294"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "14"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "25"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "97"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "83"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "75 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "170"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "64"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "105 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -254,9 +254,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 0% of population (2020)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -792,9 +789,6 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Roadways": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -236,9 +236,6 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represent Guernsey and Jersey"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -667,12 +664,6 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Roadways": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -310,9 +310,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "22.3% (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -846,17 +843,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "24% (2000)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances": {
|
||||
"Remittances 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "0.48% of GDP (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2020": {
|
||||
"text": "0.5% of GDP (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "0.48% of GDP (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$1.785 trillion (2020 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1174,36 +1160,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "318"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "14"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "49"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "60"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "70"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "125 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "221"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "35"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "185 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
"text": "23 (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1311,7 +1274,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "664,238 (Syria), 183,631 (Afghanistan), 151,254 (Iraq), 64,496 (Eritrea), 47,658 (Iran), 38,755 (Turkey), 32,155 (Somalia), 13,334 (Russia), 12,155 (Nigeria), 9,250 (Pakistan), 6,257 (Serbia and Kosovo), 6,912 (Ethiopia), 5,532 (Azerbaijan) (mid-year 2022); 1,056,628 (Ukraine) (as of 25 March 2023)"
|
||||
"text": "664,238 (Syria), 183,631 (Afghanistan), 151,254 (Iraq), 64,496 (Eritrea), 47,658 (Iran), 38,755 (Turkey), 32,155 (Somalia), 13,334 (Russia), 12,155 (Nigeria), 9,250 (Pakistan), 6,257 (Serbia and Kosovo), 6,912 (Ethiopia), 5,532 (Azerbaijan) (mid-year 2022); 1,061,623 (Ukraine) (as of 19 April 2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "28,941 (2022)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
|
|||
{
|
||||
"Introduction": {
|
||||
"Background": {
|
||||
"text": "Greece achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1830. During the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, it gradually added neighboring islands and territories, most with Greek-speaking populations. In World War II, Greece was first invaded by Italy (1940) and subsequently occupied by Germany (1941-44); fighting endured in a protracted civil war between supporters of the king and other anti-communist and communist rebels. Following the latter's defeat in 1949, Greece joined NATO in 1952. In 1967, a group of military officers seized power, establishing a military dictatorship that suspended many political liberties and forced the king to flee the country. In 1974 following the collapse of the dictatorship, democratic elections and a referendum created a parliamentary republic and abolished the monarchy. In 1981, Greece joined the EC (now the EU); it became the 12th member of the European Economic and Monetary Union in 2001. Greece has suffered a severe economic crisis since late 2009, due to nearly a decade of chronic overspending and structural rigidities. Beginning in 2010, Greece entered three bailout agreements - the first two with the European Commission, the European Central Bank, and the IMF; and the third in 2015 with the European Stability Mechanism - worth in total about $300 billion. The Greek Government formally exited the third bailout in August 2018."
|
||||
"text": "Greece achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1830. During the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, it gradually added neighboring islands and territories, most with Greek-speaking populations. In World War II, Greece was first invaded by Italy (1940) and subsequently occupied by Germany (1941-44); fighting endured in a protracted civil war between supporters of the king and other anti-communist and communist rebels. Following the latter's defeat in 1949, Greece joined NATO in 1952. In 1967, a group of military officers seized power, establishing a military dictatorship that suspended many political liberties and forced the king to flee the country. In 1974 following the collapse of the dictatorship, democratic elections and a referendum created a parliamentary republic and abolished the monarchy. In 1981, Greece joined the EC (now the EU); it became the 12th member of the European Economic and Monetary Union in 2001. From 2009 until 2019, Greece suffered a severe economic crisis, due to nearly a decade of chronic overspending and structural rigidities. Beginning in 2010, Greece entered three bailout agreements - the first two with the European Commission, the European Central Bank, and the IMF; and the third in 2015 with the European Stability Mechanism - worth in total about $300 billion. The Greek Government formally exited the third bailout in August 2018."
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Geography": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -293,9 +293,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "0.2% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "24.9% (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -821,17 +818,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "26.7% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances": {
|
||||
"Remittances 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "0.32% of GDP (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2020": {
|
||||
"text": "0.32% of GDP (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "0.33% of GDP (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$98.523 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1150,33 +1136,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "68"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "6"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "15"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "19"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "18"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "10 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "9"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "7 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
"text": "9 (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1277,7 +1243,7 @@
|
|||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "4,488 (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 1,237,542 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-April 2023)"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 1,237,629 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-April 2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Illicit drugs": {
|
||||
"text": "a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis products and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine transits or is consumed in Greece; money laundering related to drug trafficking and organized crime"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
|
|||
{
|
||||
"Introduction": {
|
||||
"Background": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>The lands that today comprise Croatia were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the close of World War I. In 1918, the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes formed a kingdom known after 1929 as Yugoslavia. Following World War II, Yugoslavia became a federal independent communist state consisting of six socialist republics under the strong hand of Marshal Josip Broz, aka TITO. Although Croatia declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, it took four years of sporadic, but often bitter, fighting before occupying Yugoslav forces, dominated by Serb officers, were mostly cleared from Croatian lands, along with a majority of Croatia's ethnic Serb population. Under UN supervision, the last Serb-held enclave in eastern Slavonia was returned to Croatia in 1998. The country joined NATO in April 2009 and the EU in July 2013. In January 2023, Croatia further integrated into the EU by joining the Eurozone and the Schengen Area.</p>"
|
||||
"text": "<p>The lands that today comprise Croatia were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the close of World War I. In 1918, the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes formed a kingdom known after 1929 as Yugoslavia. Following World War II, Yugoslavia became a federal independent communist state consisting of six socialist republics under the strong hand of Marshal Josip Broz, aka TITO. Although Croatia declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, it took four years of sporadic, but often bitter, fighting before Yugoslav forces were cleared from Croatian lands, along with a majority of Croatia's ethnic Serb population. Under UN supervision, the last Serb-held enclave in eastern Slavonia was returned to Croatia in 1998. The country joined NATO in April 2009 and the EU in July 2013. In January 2023, Croatia further integrated into the EU by joining the Eurozone and the Schengen Area.</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Geography": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -298,9 +298,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 1% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "(2021 est.) <0.1%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major infectious diseases": {
|
||||
"degree of risk": {
|
||||
"text": "intermediate (2023)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -846,17 +843,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "23% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances": {
|
||||
"Remittances 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "7.32% of GDP (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2020": {
|
||||
"text": "7.31% of GDP (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "6.87% of GDP (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$212.81 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1177,36 +1163,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "24"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "6"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "10 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "45"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "6"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "38 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -295,9 +295,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major infectious diseases": {
|
||||
"degree of risk": {
|
||||
"text": "intermediate (2016)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -843,17 +840,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "22.4% (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances": {
|
||||
"Remittances 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "1.92% of GDP (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2020": {
|
||||
"text": "2.43% of GDP (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "3.03% of GDP (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$70.83 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1170,36 +1156,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "20"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "6"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "6"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "5"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "21"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "8"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "11 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
"text": "3 (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1291,7 +1254,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "35,030 (Ukraine) (as of 18 April 2023)"
|
||||
"text": "35,030 (Ukraine) (as of 2 May 2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "130 (2022)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -287,9 +287,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "0.1% (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "21.9% (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -791,17 +788,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances": {
|
||||
"Remittances 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "0.74% of GDP (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2020": {
|
||||
"text": "0.76% of GDP (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "0.74% of GDP (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$11.776 billion (2018 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1115,30 +1101,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "7"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "89"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "26"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "60 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Roadways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
|
|||
{
|
||||
"Introduction": {
|
||||
"Background": {
|
||||
"text": "Part of the Norwegian Kingdom of the Hebrides until the 13th century when it was ceded to Scotland, the isle came under the British crown in 1765. Current concerns include reviving the almost extinct Manx Gaelic language. The Isle of Man is a British Crown dependency, which makes it a self-governing possession of the British Crown that is not part of the UK. The UK Government, however, remains constitutionally responsible for its defense and international representation."
|
||||
"text": "Part of the Norwegian Kingdom of the Hebrides until the 13th century when it was ceded to Scotland, the isle came under English lordship in the 14th century before being purchased by the British Government in 1765. Current concerns include reviving the almost extinct Manx Gaelic language. The Isle of Man is a British Crown dependency, which makes it a self-governing possession of the British Crown that is not part of the UK. The UK Government, however, remains constitutionally responsible for its defense and international representation."
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Geography": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -272,9 +272,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: NA"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -733,9 +730,6 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Railways": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -296,9 +296,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "0.2% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "19.9% (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -825,17 +822,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "26.8% (2000)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances": {
|
||||
"Remittances 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "0.49% of GDP (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2020": {
|
||||
"text": "0.51% of GDP (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "0.52% of GDP (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$901.494 billion (2020 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1152,36 +1138,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "98"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "9"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "31"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "18"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "29"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "11 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "31"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "10"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "20 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
"text": "5 (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1284,12 +1247,12 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "21,441 (Nigeria), 17,706 (Afghanistan), 17,619 (Pakistan), 11,193 (Mali), 8,405 (Somalia), 6,324 (Gambia), 5,768 (Bangladesh), 5,463 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 173,213 (Ukraine) (as of 17 March 2023)"
|
||||
"text": "21,441 (Nigeria), 17,706 (Afghanistan), 17,619 (Pakistan), 11,193 (Mali), 8,405 (Somalia), 6,324 (Gambia), 5,768 (Bangladesh), 5,463 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 175,107 (Ukraine) (as of 21 April 2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "3,000 (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 732,860 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-April 2023)"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 738,456 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-May 2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Illicit drugs": {
|
||||
"text": "important gateway for drug trafficking; organized crime groups allied with Colombian and Spanish groups trafficking cocaine to Europe"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -263,9 +263,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 1.5% of population (2017)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -725,9 +722,6 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Roadways": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -148,9 +148,6 @@
|
|||
"Current health expenditure": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -211,9 +208,7 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Ports and terminals": {
|
||||
"text": "none; offshore anchorage only"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
|
|||
{
|
||||
"Introduction": {
|
||||
"Background": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>The central Balkans were part of the Roman and Byzantine Empires before ethnic Serbs migrated to the territories of modern Kosovo in the 7th century. During the medieval period, Kosovo became the center of a Serbian Empire and saw the construction of many important Serb religious sites, including many architecturally significant Serbian Orthodox monasteries. The defeat of Serbian forces at the Battle of Kosovo in 1389 led to five centuries of Ottoman rule during which large numbers of Turks and Albanians moved to Kosovo. By the end of the 19th century, Albanians replaced Serbs as the dominant ethnic group in Kosovo. Serbia reacquired control over the region from the Ottoman Empire during the First Balkan War of 1912. After World War II, Kosovo's present-day boundaries were established when Kosovo became an autonomous province of Serbia in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (S.F.R.Y.). Despite legislative concessions, Albanian nationalism increased in the 1980s, which led to riots and calls for Kosovo's independence. The Serbs - many of whom viewed Kosovo as their cultural heartland - instituted a new constitution in 1989 revoking Kosovo's autonomous status. Kosovo's Albanian leaders responded in 1991 by organizing a referendum declaring Kosovo independent. Serbia undertook repressive measures against the Kosovar Albanians in the 1990s, provoking a Kosovar Albanian insurgency.</p> <p>Beginning in 1998, Serbia conducted a brutal counterinsurgency campaign that resulted in massacres and massive expulsions of ethnic Albanians (some 800,000 ethnic Albanians were forced from their homes in Kosovo). After international attempts to mediate the conflict failed, a three-month NATO military operation against Serbia beginning in March 1999 forced the Serbs to agree to withdraw their military and police forces from Kosovo. UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999) placed Kosovo under a transitional administration, the UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo, pending a determination of Kosovo's future status. A UN-led process began in late 2005 to determine Kosovo's final status. The 2006-07 negotiations ended without agreement between Belgrade and Pristina, though the UN issued a comprehensive report on Kosovo's final status that endorsed independence. On 17 February 2008, the Kosovo Assembly declared Kosovo independent. Since then, close to 100 countries have recognized Kosovo, and it has joined numerous international organizations. In October 2008, Serbia sought an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on the legality under international law of Kosovo's declaration of independence. The ICJ released the advisory opinion in July 2010 affirming that Kosovo's declaration of independence did not violate general principles of international law, UN Security Council Resolution 1244, or the Constitutive Framework. The opinion was closely tailored to Kosovo's unique history and circumstances.</p> <p>Demonstrating Kosovo’s development into a sovereign, multi-ethnic, democratic country, the international community ended the period of Supervised Independence in 2012. Kosovo held its most recent national and municipal elections in 2021, ushering in a government led by the Self-Determination Movement's (VV) Albin KURTI, a former political prisoner who did not fight in the 1998-99 war. Serbia continues to reject Kosovo's independence, but the two countries agreed in April 2013 to normalize their relations through EU-facilitated talks, which produced several subsequent agreements the parties are implementing to varying degrees, though they have not yet reached a comprehensive normalization of relations. Kosovo has pursued bilateral recognitions and memberships in international organizations, moves that Serbia strongly opposes. Kosovo signed a Stabilization and Association Agreement with the EU in 2015, and the EU named Kosovo as among the six Western Balkan countries that will be able to join the organization once it meets the criteria to accede. Kosovo also seeks memberships in the UN and in NATO.</p>"
|
||||
"text": "<p>The western Balkans were part of the Roman and Byzantine Empires before ethnic Serbs migrated to the territories of modern Kosovo in the 7th century. During the medieval period, Kosovo became the center of a Serbian Empire and saw the construction of many important Serb religious sites, including many architecturally significant Serbian Orthodox monasteries. The defeat of Serbian forces at the Battle of Kosovo in 1389 led to five centuries of Ottoman rule during which large numbers of Turks and Albanians moved to Kosovo. By the end of the 19th century, Albanians replaced Serbs as the dominant ethnic group in Kosovo. Serbia reacquired control over the region from the Ottoman Empire during the First Balkan War of 1912. After World War II, Kosovo's present-day boundaries were established when Kosovo became an autonomous province of Serbia in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (S.F.R.Y.). Due at least in part to discrimination against ethnic Albanians by Belgrade, Albanian nationalism increased in the 1980s, which led to riots and calls for Kosovo's independence. In 1989, Belgrade instituted a new constitution revoking Kosovo's autonomous status. Kosovo's Albanian leaders responded in 1991 by organizing a referendum declaring Kosovo independent. Belgrade undertook repressive measures against the Kosovo Albanians in the 1990s, provoking a Kosovo Albanian insurgency.</p> <p>Beginning in 1998, Yugoslavia conducted a brutal counterinsurgency campaign that resulted in massacres and massive expulsions of ethnic Albanians (some 800,000 ethnic Albanians were forced from their homes in Kosovo). After international attempts to mediate the conflict failed, a three-month NATO military operation against Yugoslavia beginning in March 1999 forced Belgrade to agree to withdraw its military and police forces from Kosovo. UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999) placed Kosovo under a transitional administration, the UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo, pending a determination of Kosovo's future status. A UN-led process began in late 2005 to determine Kosovo's final status. The 2006-07 negotiations ended without agreement between Belgrade and Pristina, though the UN issued a comprehensive report on Kosovo's final status that endorsed independence. On 17 February 2008, the Kosovo Assembly declared Kosovo independent. Since then, close to 100 countries have recognized Kosovo, and it has joined numerous international organizations. In October 2008, Serbia sought an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on the legality under international law of Kosovo's declaration of independence. The ICJ released an advisory opinion in July 2010 affirming that Kosovo's declaration of independence did not violate general principles of international law, UN Security Council Resolution 1244, or the Constitutive Framework. The opinion was closely tailored to Kosovo's unique history and circumstances.</p> <p>Demonstrating Kosovo’s development into a sovereign, multi-ethnic, democratic country, the international community ended the period of Supervised Independence in 2012. Kosovo held its most recent national and municipal elections in 2021, ushering in a government led by the Self-Determination Movement's (VV) Albin KURTI, a former political prisoner who did not fight in the 1998-99 war. Serbia continues to reject Kosovo's independence, but the two countries began EU-facilitated discussions in April 2013 to normalize their relations, which produced several subsequent agreements the parties have implemented to varying degrees, though they have not yet reached a comprehensive agreement on the normalization of relations. Kosovo has pursued bilateral recognitions and memberships in international organizations, moves that Serbia strongly opposes. Kosovo signed a Stabilization and Association Agreement with the EU in 2015, and the EU named Kosovo as among the six Western Balkan countries that will be able to join the organization once it meets the criteria to accede. Kosovo also seeks memberships in the UN and in NATO.</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Geography": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -117,7 +117,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Albanian (official) 94.5%, Bosnian 1.7%, Serbian (official) 1.6%, Turkish 1.1%, other 0.9% (includes Romani), unspecified 0.1%; note - in municipalities where a community's mother tongue is not one of Kosovo's official languages, the language of that community may be given official status according to the 2006 Law on the Use of Languages<br><br><strong>note:</strong> these estimates may under-represent Serb, Romani, and some other ethnic minority languages because they are based on the 2011 Kosovo national census, which excluded northern Kosovo (a largely Serb-inhabited region) and was partially boycotted by Serb and Romani communities in southern Kosovo (2011 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"major-language sample(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "Libri i fakteve boterore, burimi i domosdoshem per informacionin themelore (Albanian)<br><br>Knjiga svetskih činjenica, neophodan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Serbian)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
|
||||
"text": "Libri i fakteve boterore, burimi i pazevendesueshem per informacione elementare (Albanian)<br><br>Knjiga svetskih činjenica, neophodan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Serbian)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Religions": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -272,9 +272,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: NA"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -679,17 +676,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "22% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances": {
|
||||
"Remittances 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "17.95% of GDP (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2020": {
|
||||
"text": "18.61% of GDP (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "15.81% of GDP (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$1.951 billion (2020 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -735,10 +721,10 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "Albania 16%, India 14%, North Macedonia 12.1%, Serbia 10.6%, Switzerland 5.6%, Germany 5.4% (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "United States 16%, Albania 15%, North Macedonia 12%, Germany 8%, Italy 8% (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "mining and processed metal products, scrap metals, leather products, machinery, appliances, prepared foodstuffs, beverages and tobacco, vegetable products, textiles and apparel"
|
||||
"text": "mattress materials, iron alloys, metal piping, scrap iron, building plastics, mineral water, seating (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports": {
|
||||
"Imports 2021": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -752,10 +738,10 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "Germany 12.4%, Serbia 12.3%, Turkey 9.6%, China 9.1%, Italy 6.4%, North Macedonia 5.1%, Albania 5%, Greece 4.4% (2017)"
|
||||
"text": "Germany 13%, Turkey 13%, China 10%, Serbia 7%, Italy 6% (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "foodstuffs, livestock, wood, petroleum, chemicals, machinery, minerals, textiles, stone, ceramic and glass products, electrical equipment"
|
||||
"text": "refined petroleum, cars, iron rods, electricity, cigars, packaged medicines (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
|
||||
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -980,24 +966,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -295,9 +295,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 5.4% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "0.7% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major infectious diseases": {
|
||||
"degree of risk": {
|
||||
"text": "intermediate (2023)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -829,17 +826,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "26.3% (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances": {
|
||||
"Remittances 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "3.31% of GDP (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2020": {
|
||||
"text": "3.15% of GDP (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "3.33% of GDP (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$12.931 billion (2020 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -892,7 +878,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Lithuania 16%, Estonia 10%, Russia 9%, Germany 7%, Sweden 6%, United Kingdom 6% (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "lumber, broadcasting equipment, whiskey and other hard liquors, wheat, packaged medicines (2019)"
|
||||
"text": "lumber, wheat, broadcasting equipment, packaged medicines, fuel woods, hard liquors (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports": {
|
||||
"Imports 2021": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1156,30 +1142,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "18"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "4"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "7 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "24"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "24 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -293,9 +293,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 4% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "0.2% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major infectious diseases": {
|
||||
"degree of risk": {
|
||||
"text": "intermediate (2023)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -835,17 +832,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "28.8% (2015)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances": {
|
||||
"Remittances 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "1.17% of GDP (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2020": {
|
||||
"text": "1.39% of GDP (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "2.38% of GDP (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$18.636 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -901,7 +887,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Russia 13%, Latvia 9%, Poland 8%, Germany 7%, Estonia 5% (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "refined petroleum, furniture, cigarettes, wheat, polyethylene (2019)"
|
||||
"text": "refined petroleum, wooden furniture, wheat, laboratory reagents, cigarettes (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports": {
|
||||
"Imports 2021": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1162,36 +1148,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "22"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "7"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "9 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "39"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "36 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Pipelines": {
|
||||
"text": "1,921 km gas, 121 km refined products (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -293,9 +293,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "(2021 est.) <0.1%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "20.5% (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -815,17 +812,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "19.3% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances": {
|
||||
"Remittances 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "1.92% of GDP (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2020": {
|
||||
"text": "2.31% of GDP (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "2.41% of GDP (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$43.495 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1139,33 +1125,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "19"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "9 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "15"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "10"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "5 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1237,7 +1203,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "113,509 (Ukraine) (as of 16 April 2023)"
|
||||
"text": "114,628 (Ukraine) (as of 30 April 2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "2,940 (2022)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -282,9 +282,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 0% of population (2020)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -285,9 +285,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "0.2% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "22.6% (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -793,17 +790,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "23.8% (2000)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances": {
|
||||
"Remittances 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "2.66% of GDP (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2020": {
|
||||
"text": "2.96% of GDP (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "2.92% of GDP (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$31.74 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -856,7 +842,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Germany 23%, France 13%, Belgium 12%, Netherlands 6%, Italy 5% (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "iron and iron products, tires, cars, broadcasting equipment, clothing and apparel (2019)"
|
||||
"text": "iron products, cars and vehicle parts, tires, gas turbines, adhesive plastics (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports": {
|
||||
"Imports 2021": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1120,18 +1106,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
|
|||
{
|
||||
"Introduction": {
|
||||
"Background": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>A large portion of present day Moldovan territory became a province of the Russian Empire in 1812 and then unified with Romania in 1918 in the aftermath of World War I. This territory was then incorporated into the Soviet Union at the close of World War II. Although Moldova has been independent from the Soviet Union since 1991, Russian forces have remained on Moldovan territory east of the Nistru River in the breakaway region of Transnistria.</p> <p>Years of Communist Party rule in Moldova from 2001-09 ultimately ended with election-related violent protests and a rerun of parliamentary elections in 2009. A series of pro-Europe ruling coalitions governed Moldova from 2010-19, but pro-Russia Igor DODON won the presidency in 2016 and his Socialist Party of the Republic of Moldova won a plurality in the legislative election in 2019. Pro-EU reformist candidate Maia SANDU defeated DODON in his reelection bid in November 2020 and the Party of Action and Solidarity, which SANDU founded in 2015, won a parliamentary majority in an early legislative election in July 2021. Prime Minister Natalia GAVRILITA and her cabinet took office in August 2021.</p> <p> </p>"
|
||||
"text": "<p>A large portion of present day Moldovan territory became a province of the Russian Empire in 1812 and then unified with Romania in 1918 in the aftermath of World War I. This territory was then incorporated into the Soviet Union at the close of World War II. Although Moldova has been independent from the Soviet Union since 1991, Russian forces have remained on Moldovan territory east of the Nistru River in the breakaway region of Transnistria.</p> <p>Years of Communist Party rule in Moldova from 2001-09 ultimately ended with election-related violent protests and a rerun of parliamentary elections in 2009. A series of pro-Europe ruling coalitions governed Moldova from 2010-19, but pro-Russia Igor DODON won the presidency in 2016 and his Socialist Party of the Republic of Moldova won a plurality in the legislative election in 2019. Pro-EU reformist candidate Maia SANDU defeated DODON in his reelection bid in November 2020 and the Party of Action and Solidarity, which SANDU founded in 2015, won a parliamentary majority in an early legislative election in July 2021. Prime Minister Natalia GAVRILITA and her cabinet took office in August 2021. In February 2023, Moldova's parliament confirmed a new cabinet led by Prime Minister Dorin RECEAN, which retained the majority of the former ministers.</p> <p> </p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Geography": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -292,9 +292,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 10.1% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "0.8% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "18.9% (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -805,17 +802,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "22.1% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances": {
|
||||
"Remittances 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "15.24% of GDP (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2020": {
|
||||
"text": "15.82% of GDP (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "15.95% of GDP (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$3.582 billion (2019 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -871,7 +857,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Romania 27%, Russia 9%, Italy 9%, Germany 9%, Turkey 6%, Poland 5% (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "insulated wiring, sunflower seeds, wine, corn, seats (2019)"
|
||||
"text": "insulated wiring, wheat, sunflower seeds, rolled iron, wine, corn, seats (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports": {
|
||||
"Imports 2021": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1135,27 +1121,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "5"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Pipelines": {
|
||||
"text": "2,026 km gas (2021) (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1236,7 +1208,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "107,480 (Ukraine) (as of 16 April 2023)"
|
||||
"text": "107,645 (Ukraine) (as of 30 April 2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "1,701 (2022)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -299,9 +299,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 2% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "(2021 est.) <0.1%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major infectious diseases": {
|
||||
"degree of risk": {
|
||||
"text": "intermediate (2023)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -856,17 +853,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "25.7% (2014 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances": {
|
||||
"Remittances 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "13.54% of GDP (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2020": {
|
||||
"text": "12.59% of GDP (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "10.54% of GDP (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$2.051 billion (2020 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -919,7 +905,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Serbia 17%, Hungary 15%, China 11%, Russia 7%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 6%, Germany 6%, Italy 5%, Poland 5% (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "aluminum, packaged medicines, cars, zinc, wine (2019)"
|
||||
"text": "copper ore, aluminum, electricity, dried legumes, packaged medicines, lead, scrap iron, lumber (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports": {
|
||||
"Imports 2021": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1183,18 +1169,6 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "5"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1276,12 +1250,12 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "32,383 (Ukraine) (as of 17 April 2023)"
|
||||
"text": "32,558 (Ukraine) (as of 24 April 2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "468 (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 30,164 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-April 2023)"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 30,237 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-April 2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Illicit drugs": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>drug trafficking groups are major players in the procurement and transportation of large quantities of cocaine destined for European markets</p>"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
|
|||
{
|
||||
"Introduction": {
|
||||
"Background": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>North Macedonia gained its independence peacefully from Yugoslavia in 1991 under the name of \"Macedonia.\" Greek objection to the new country’s name, insisting it implied territorial pretensions to the northern Greek province of Macedonia, and democratic backsliding for several years stalled the country’s movement toward Euro-Atlantic integration. Immediately after Macedonia declared independence, Greece sought to block Macedonian efforts to gain UN membership if the name \"Macedonia\" was used. The country was eventually admitted to the UN in 1993 as \"The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,\" and at the same time it agreed to UN-sponsored negotiations on the name dispute. In 1995, Greece lifted a 20-month trade embargo and the two countries agreed to normalize relations, but the issue of the name remained unresolved and negotiations for a solution continued. Over time, the US and over 130 other nations recognized Macedonia by its constitutional name, Republic of Macedonia. Ethnic Albanian grievances over perceived political and economic inequities escalated into a conflict in 2001 that eventually led to the internationally brokered Ohrid Framework Agreement, which ended the fighting and established guidelines for constitutional amendments and the creation of new laws that enhanced the rights of minorities. In January 2018, the government adopted a new law on languages, which elevated the Albanian language to an official language at the national level, with the Macedonian language remaining the sole official language in international relations. Relations between ethnic Macedonians and ethnic Albanians remain complicated, however.</p> <p>North Macedonia's pro-Western government has used its time in office since 2017 to sign a historic deal with Greece in June 2018 to end the name dispute and revive Skopje's NATO and EU membership prospects. This followed a nearly three-year political crisis that engulfed the country but ended in June 2017 following a six-month-long government formation period after a closely contested election in December 2016. The crisis began after the 2014 legislative and presidential election, and escalated in 2015 when the opposition party began releasing wiretapped material that revealed alleged widespread government corruption and abuse. Although an EU candidate since 2005, North Macedonia has yet to open EU accession negotiations. The country still faces challenges, including fully implementing reforms to overcome years of democratic backsliding and stimulating economic growth and development. In June 2018, Macedonia and Greece signed the Prespa Accord whereby the Republic of Macedonia agreed to change its name to the Republic of North Macedonia. Following ratification by both countries, the agreement went in to force on 12 February 2019. North Macedonia signed an accession protocol to become a NATO member state in February 2019.</p>"
|
||||
"text": "<p>North Macedonia gained its independence peacefully from Yugoslavia in 1991 under the name of \"Macedonia.\" Greek objection to the new country’s name, insisting it implied territorial pretensions to the northern Greek province of Macedonia, and democratic backsliding for several years stalled the country’s movement toward Euro-Atlantic integration. Immediately after Macedonia declared independence, Greece sought to block Macedonian efforts to gain UN membership if the name \"Macedonia\" was used. The country was eventually admitted to the UN in 1993 as \"The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,\" and at the same time it agreed to UN-sponsored negotiations on the name dispute. In 1995, Greece lifted a 20-month trade embargo and the two countries agreed to normalize relations, but the issue of the name remained unresolved and negotiations for a solution continued. Over time, the US and over 130 other nations recognized Macedonia by its constitutional name, Republic of Macedonia. Ethnic Albanian grievances over perceived political and economic inequities escalated into a conflict in 2001 that eventually led to the internationally brokered Ohrid Framework Agreement, which ended the fighting and established guidelines for constitutional amendments and the creation of new laws that enhanced the rights of minorities. In January 2018, the government adopted a new law on languages, which elevated the Albanian language to an official language at the national level, with the Macedonian language remaining the sole official language in international relations. Relations between ethnic Macedonians and ethnic Albanians remain complicated, however.</p> <p>In June 2018, Macedonia and Greece signed the Prespa Agreement whereby Macedonia agreed to change its name to North Macedonia. Following ratification by both countries, the agreement went in to force on 12 February 2019. North Macedonia then joined NATO in 2020 after amending its constitution per the deal and opened EU accession talks in 2022 after a two-year veto by Bulgaria over identity, language, and historical disputes. North Macedonia has been an EU candidate since 2005. A nearly three-year political crisis from 2014 to 2017 began after the 2014 legislative and presidential election, and escalated in 2015 when the opposition party began releasing wiretapped material that revealed alleged widespread government corruption and abuse. The country still faces challenges, including fully implementing reforms to overcome years of democratic backsliding, stimulating economic growth and development, and fighting organized crime and corruption. </p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Geography": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -290,9 +290,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 0.8% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "22.4% (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -809,17 +806,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "25% (2015 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances": {
|
||||
"Remittances 2021": {
|
||||
"text": "3.54% of GDP (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2020": {
|
||||
"text": "3.34% of GDP (2020 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Remittances 2019": {
|
||||
"text": "2.52% of GDP (2019 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Budget": {
|
||||
"revenues": {
|
||||
"text": "$3.505 billion (2020 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -872,7 +858,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Germany 45%, Serbia 8%, Bulgaria 5% (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "support catalysts, centrifuges, insulated wiring, vehicle parts, buses, seats (2019)"
|
||||
"text": "support catalysts, centrifuges, insulated wiring, iron alloys, seats (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports": {
|
||||
"Imports 2021": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1122,24 +1108,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "8"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "6 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Pipelines": {
|
||||
"text": "262 km gas, 120 km oil (2017)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1209,7 +1184,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "6,615 (Ukraine) (as of 9 April 2023)"
|
||||
"text": "6,733 (Ukraine) (as of 30 April 2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "521 (2022)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
|
|||
{
|
||||
"Introduction": {
|
||||
"Background": {
|
||||
"text": "The Genoese built a fortress on the site of present day Monaco in 1215. The current ruling GRIMALDI family first seized control in 1297 but was not able to permanently secure its holding until 1419. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center."
|
||||
"text": "The Genoese built a fortress on the site of present-day Monaco in 1215. The current ruling GRIMALDI family first seized control in 1297 but was not able to permanently secure its holding until 1419. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, coastal Mediterranean scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center."
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Geography": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -284,9 +284,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -690,10 +687,10 @@
|
|||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>Italy 19%, Germany 14%, United Kingdom 9%, Switzerland 9%, Spain 8%, United States 6%, Belgium 5%</p> (2019)"
|
||||
"text": "<p>Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Belgium, Spain</p> (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "jewelry, perfumes, watches, packaged medicines, plastic products (2019)"
|
||||
"text": "jewelry, perfumes, watches, packaged medicines, cars (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports": {
|
||||
"Imports 2017": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -705,10 +702,10 @@
|
|||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - partners": {
|
||||
"text": "Italy 34%, Switzerland 16%, Germany 9%, United Kingdom 7% (2019)"
|
||||
"text": "Italy, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Germany, China (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "jewelry, recreational boats, cars and vehicle parts, watches, general wares (2019)"
|
||||
"text": "jewelry, cars and vehicle parts, recreational boats, plastic products, artwork (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Debt - external": {
|
||||
"text": "<p> NA</p>"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -287,9 +287,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "28.9% (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -843,7 +840,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Germany 12%, France 9%, Italy 9% (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "integrated circuits, refined petroleum, packaged medicines, children's toys and stuffed animals, postage stamps (2019)"
|
||||
"text": "integrated circuits, refined petroleum, packaged medicines, postage stamps, children's toys and stuffed animals, ships (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports": {
|
||||
"Imports 2021": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1107,9 +1104,6 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -302,9 +302,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "0.1% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "20.4% (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -882,7 +879,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "Germany 20%, Belgium 12%, United Kingdom 9%, France 7%, United States 5% (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "refined petroleum, packaged medicines, broadcasting equipment, photography equipment, computers (2019)"
|
||||
"text": "refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, packaged medicines, photography equipment, computers (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports": {
|
||||
"Imports 2021": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1146,33 +1143,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "23"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "11"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "6"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "6"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "4"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
|
|||
{
|
||||
"Introduction": {
|
||||
"Background": {
|
||||
"text": "Two centuries of Viking raids into Europe tapered off following the adoption of Christianity by King Olav TRYGGVASON in 994; conversion of the Norwegian kingdom occurred over the next several decades. In 1397, Norway was absorbed into a union with Denmark that lasted more than four centuries. In 1814, Norwegians resisted the cession of their country to Sweden and adopted a new constitution. Sweden then invaded Norway but agreed to let Norway keep its constitution in return for accepting the union under a Swedish king. Rising nationalism throughout the 19th century led to a 1905 referendum granting Norway independence. Although Norway remained neutral in World War I, it suffered heavy losses to its shipping. Norway proclaimed its neutrality at the outset of World War II but was nonetheless occupied for five years by Nazi Germany (1940-45). In 1949, Norway abandoned neutrality and became a member of NATO. Discovery of oil and gas in adjacent waters in the late 1960s boosted Norway's economic fortunes. In referenda held in 1972 and 1994, Norway rejected joining the EU. Key domestic issues include immigration and integration of ethnic minorities, maintaining the country's extensive social safety net with an aging population, and preserving economic competitiveness."
|
||||
"text": "Two centuries of Viking raids into Europe tapered off following the adoption of Christianity by King Olav TRYGGVASON in 994; conversion of the Norwegian kingdom occurred over the next several decades. In 1397, Norway was absorbed into a union with Denmark that lasted more than four centuries. In 1814, Norwegians resisted the cession of their country to Sweden and adopted a new constitution. Sweden then invaded Norway but agreed to let Norway keep its constitution in return for accepting the union under a Swedish king. Rising nationalism throughout the 19th century led to a 1905 referendum granting Norway independence. Norway remained neutral in World War I and proclaimed its neutrality at the outset of World War II but was nonetheless occupied for five years by Nazi Germany (1940-45) and suffered heavy losses to its shipping fleet. In 1949, Norway abandoned neutrality and became a member of NATO. Discovery of oil and gas in adjacent waters in the late 1960s boosted Norway's economic fortunes. In referenda held in 1972 and 1994, Norway rejected joining the EU. Key domestic issues include immigration and integration of ethnic minorities, maintaining the country's extensive social safety net with an aging population, and preserving economic competitiveness."
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Geography": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -300,9 +300,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "(2021 est.) <0.1%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "23.1% (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -868,7 +865,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "United Kingdom 18%, Germany 14%, Netherlands 10%, Sweden 9%, France 6%, United States 5% (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Exports - commodities": {
|
||||
"text": "crude petroleum, natural gas, fish, refined petroleum, aluminum (2019)"
|
||||
"text": "natural gas, crude petroleum, salmon, refined petroleum, aluminum (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Imports": {
|
||||
"Imports 2021": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1127,30 +1124,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "67"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "14"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "10"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "22"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "21 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "28"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "6"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "22 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -303,9 +303,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major infectious diseases": {
|
||||
"degree of risk": {
|
||||
"text": "intermediate (2023)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1172,36 +1169,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "87"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "5"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "30"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "36"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "10"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "6 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "39"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "17"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "21 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
"text": "6 (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1253,7 +1227,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Military and Security": {
|
||||
"Military and security forces": {
|
||||
"text": "Polish Armed Forces: Land Forces (Wojska Ladowe), Navy (Marynarka Wojenna), Air Force (Sily Powietrzne), Special Forces (Wojska Specjalne), Territorial Defense Force (Wojska Obrony Terytorialnej); Ministry of Interior and Administration: Border Guard (includes coast guard duties) (2022)",
|
||||
"text": "Polish Armed Forces: Land Forces (Wojska Ladowe), Navy (Marynarka Wojenna), Air Force (Sily Powietrzne), Special Forces (Wojska Specjalne), Territorial Defense Force (Wojska Obrony Terytorialnej); Ministry of Interior and Administration: Border Guard (includes coast guard duties) (2023)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the Polish Armed Forces are organized into a General Staff, an Armed Forces General Command, an Armed Forces Operational Command, Territorial Defense Forces (established 2017), Military Police, and the Warsaw Garrison Command"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military expenditures": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1275,7 +1249,7 @@
|
|||
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>in 2022, the Polish Government announced plans to increase defense spending to 3% of GDP for 2023"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
|
||||
"text": "approximately 120,000 active duty personnel (65,000 Army; 7,000 Navy; 15,000 Air Force; 3,000 Special Forces; 25,000 joint service/other; 5,000 active Territorial Defense Forces); approximately 25,000 other Territorial Defense Forces (reserves) (2022)",
|
||||
"text": "approximately 120,000 active-duty personnel (65,000 Army; 7,000 Navy; 15,000 Air Force; 3,000 Special Forces; 25,000 joint service/other; 5,000 active Territorial Defense Forces); approximately 25,000 other Territorial Defense Forces (reserves) (2022)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>in June 2019, the Polish Government approved a plan to increase the size of the military over a period of 10 years to over 200,000 troops, including doubling the size of the Territorial Defense Forces; in 2021, it announced additional plans to increase the size of the military to over 300,000 personnel"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1306,7 +1280,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "1,583,563 (Ukraine) (as of 16 April 2023)"
|
||||
"text": "1,583,563 (Ukraine) (as of 27 April 2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "1,435 (2022)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -294,9 +294,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 0.1% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "0.5% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "20.8% (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -1138,33 +1135,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "43"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "5"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "7"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "8"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "15"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "8 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "21"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "20 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Pipelines": {
|
||||
"text": "1,344 km gas, 11 km oil, 188 km refined products (2013)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
|
|||
{
|
||||
"Introduction": {
|
||||
"Background": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes was formed in 1918; its name was changed to Yugoslavia in 1929. Communist Partisans resisted the Axis occupation and division of Yugoslavia from 1941 to 1945 and fought nationalist opponents and collaborators as well. The military and political movement headed by Josip Broz \"TITO\" (Partisans) took full control of Yugoslavia when their domestic rivals and the occupiers were defeated in 1945. Although communists, TITO and his successors (Tito died in 1980) managed to steer their own path between the Warsaw Pact nations and the West for the next four and a half decades. In 1989, Slobodan MILOSEVIC became president of the Republic of Serbia and his ultranationalist calls for Serbian domination led to the violent breakup of Yugoslavia along ethnic lines. In 1991, Croatia, Slovenia, and Macedonia declared independence, followed by Bosnia in 1992. The remaining republics of Serbia and Montenegro declared a new Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) in April 1992 and under MILOSEVIC's leadership, Serbia led various military campaigns to unite ethnic Serbs in neighboring republics into a \"Greater Serbia.\" These actions ultimately failed and, after international intervention, led to the signing of the Dayton Peace Accords in 1995.</p> <p>MILOSEVIC retained control over Serbia and eventually became president of the FRY in 1997. In 1998, an ethnic Albanian insurgency in the formerly autonomous Serbian province of Kosovo provoked a Serbian counterinsurgency campaign that resulted in massacres and massive expulsions of ethnic Albanians living in Kosovo. The MILOSEVIC government's rejection of a proposed international settlement led to NATO's bombing of Serbia in the spring of 1999. Serbian military and police forces withdrew from Kosovo in June 1999, and the UN Security Council authorized an interim UN administration and a NATO-led security force in Kosovo. FRY elections in late 2000 led to the ouster of MILOSEVIC and the installation of democratic government. In 2003, the FRY became the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro, a loose federation of the two republics. Widespread violence predominantly targeting ethnic Serbs in Kosovo in March 2004 led to more intense calls to address Kosovo's status, and the UN began facilitating status talks in 2006. In June 2006, Montenegro seceded from the federation and declared itself an independent nation. Serbia subsequently gave notice that it was the successor state to the union of Serbia and Montenegro.</p> <p>In February 2008, after nearly two years of inconclusive negotiations, Kosovo declared itself independent of Serbia - an action Serbia refuses to recognize. At Serbia's request, the UN General Assembly (UNGA) in October 2008 sought an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on whether Kosovo's unilateral declaration of independence was in accordance with international law. In a ruling considered unfavorable to Serbia, the ICJ issued an advisory opinion in July 2010 stating that international law did not prohibit declarations of independence. In late 2010, Serbia agreed to an EU-drafted UNGA Resolution acknowledging the ICJ's decision and calling for a new round of talks between Serbia and Kosovo, this time on practical issues rather than Kosovo's status. Serbia and Kosovo signed the first agreement of principles governing the normalization of relations between the two countries in April 2013 and are in the process of implementing its provisions. In 2015, Serbia and Kosovo reached four additional agreements within the EU-led Brussels Dialogue framework. These included agreements on the Community of Serb-Majority Municipalities; telecommunications; energy production and distribution; and freedom of movement. President Aleksandar VUCIC has promoted an ambitious goal of Serbia joining the EU by 2025. Under his leadership as prime minister, in 2014 Serbia opened formal negotiations for accession.</p>"
|
||||
"text": "<p>The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes was formed in 1918; its name was changed to Yugoslavia in 1929. Communist Partisans resisted the Axis occupation and division of Yugoslavia from 1941 to 1945 and fought nationalist opponents and collaborators as well. The military and political movement headed by Josip Broz \"TITO\" (Partisans) took full control of Yugoslavia when their domestic rivals and the occupiers were defeated in 1945. Although communists, TITO and his successors (Tito died in 1980) managed to steer their own path between the Warsaw Pact nations and the West for the next four and a half decades. In 1989, Slobodan MILOSEVIC became president of the Republic of Serbia and his ultranationalist calls for Serbian domination led to the violent breakup of Yugoslavia along ethnic lines. In 1991, Croatia, Slovenia, and Macedonia declared independence, followed by Bosnia in 1992. The remaining republics of Serbia and Montenegro declared a new Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) in April 1992 and under MILOSEVIC's leadership, Serbia led various military campaigns to unite ethnic Serbs in neighboring republics into a \"Greater Serbia.\" These actions ultimately failed and, after international intervention, led to the signing of the Dayton Peace Accords in 1995.</p> <p>MILOSEVIC retained control over Serbia and eventually became president of the FRY in 1997. In 1998, an ethnic Albanian insurgency in the formerly autonomous Serbian province of Kosovo provoked a Serbian counterinsurgency campaign that resulted in massacres and massive expulsions of ethnic Albanians living in Kosovo. The MILOSEVIC government's rejection of a proposed international settlement led to NATO's bombing of Serbia in the spring of 1999. Serbian military and police forces withdrew from Kosovo in June 1999, and the UN Security Council authorized an interim UN administration and a NATO-led security force in Kosovo. FRY elections in late 2000 led to the ouster of MILOSEVIC and the installation of democratic government. In 2003, the FRY became the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro, a loose federation of the two republics. Widespread violence predominantly targeting ethnic Serbs in Kosovo in March 2004 led to more intense calls to address Kosovo's status, and the UN began facilitating status talks in 2006. In June 2006, Montenegro seceded from the federation and declared itself an independent nation. Serbia subsequently gave notice that it was the successor state to the union of Serbia and Montenegro.</p> <p>In February 2008, after nearly two years of inconclusive negotiations, Kosovo declared itself independent of Serbia - an action Serbia refuses to recognize. At Serbia's request, the UN General Assembly (UNGA) in October 2008 sought an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on whether Kosovo's unilateral declaration of independence was in accordance with international law. In a ruling considered unfavorable to Serbia, the ICJ issued an advisory opinion in July 2010 stating that international law did not prohibit declarations of independence. In late 2010, Serbia agreed to an EU-drafted UNGA Resolution acknowledging the ICJ's decision and calling for a new round of talks between Serbia and Kosovo, this time on practical issues rather than Kosovo's status. Serbia and Kosovo signed the first agreement of principles governing the normalization of relations between the two countries in April 2013 and are in the process of implementing its provisions. In 2015, Serbia and Kosovo reached four additional agreements within the EU-led Brussels Dialogue framework. These included agreements on the Community of Serb-Majority Municipalities; telecommunications; energy production and distribution; and freedom of movement. President Aleksandar VUCIC has promoted an ambitious goal of Serbia joining the EU by 2025. Under his leadership as prime minister, in 2014 Serbia opened formal negotiations for accession. In 2023, VUCIC and Kosovan Prime Minister Albin KURTI verbally agreed on the Implementation Annex to the Agreement of the Path to Normalization of Relations between Kosovo and Serbia.</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Geography": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -298,9 +298,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 2.1% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "(2021 est.) <0.1%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major infectious diseases": {
|
||||
"degree of risk": {
|
||||
"text": "intermediate (2023)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1170,33 +1167,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "10"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "16"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "10"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "5 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -305,9 +305,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 12.7% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "0.2% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "22.5% (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -1152,30 +1149,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "26"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "4"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "10"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "11"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "19"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "5"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "14 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1268,12 +1248,12 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "104,823 (Ukraine) (as of 16 April 2023)"
|
||||
"text": "99,027 (Ukraine) (as of 30 April 2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "297 (2022)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 13,070 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-April 2023)"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 13,517 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-April 2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Illicit drugs": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>a source country for cannabis</p>"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -288,9 +288,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 1% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "(2021 est.) <0.1%"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "20.2% (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -1128,30 +1125,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "9"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "7"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "4"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Pipelines": {
|
||||
"text": "1,155 km gas, 5 km oil (2018)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -274,9 +274,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 0% of population (2020)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -302,9 +302,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "0.3% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "23.8% (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -1151,33 +1148,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "102"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "18"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "16"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "19"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "26"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "23 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "33"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "14"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "19 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
"text": "13 (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1277,7 +1254,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "14,994 (Syria) (mid-year 2022); 418,200 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum, are recognized as refugees, or have received alternative legal stay) (2021); 173,829 (Ukraine) (as of 16 April 2023)"
|
||||
"text": "14,994 (Syria) (mid-year 2022); 418,200 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum, are recognized as refugees, or have received alternative legal stay) (2021); 174,673 (Ukraine) (as of 24 April 2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "6,489 (2022)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -219,9 +219,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: NA"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -426,18 +423,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
"text": "1 (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
|
|||
{
|
||||
"Introduction": {
|
||||
"Background": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>A military power during the 17th century, Sweden has not participated in any war for two centuries. An armed neutrality was preserved in both World Wars. Since then, Sweden has pursued a successful economic formula consisting of a capitalist system intermixed with substantial welfare elements. Sweden joined the EU in 1995, but the public rejected the introduction of the euro in a 2003 referendum. The share of Sweden’s population born abroad increased from 11.3% in 2000 to 20% in 2021.</p> <p> </p>"
|
||||
"text": "<p>A military power during the 17th century, Sweden maintained a policy of military non-alignment until it applied to join NATO in May 2022. Stockholm preserved and armed neutrality in both World Wars. Since then, Sweden has pursued a successful economic formula consisting of a capitalist system intermixed with substantial welfare elements. Sweden joined the EU in 1995, but the public rejected the introduction of the euro in a 2003 referendum. The share of Sweden’s population born abroad increased from 11.3% in 2000 to 20% in 2021.</p> <p> </p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Geography": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -303,9 +303,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "20.6% (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -1133,33 +1130,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "149"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "12"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "75"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "22"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "37 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "82"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "5"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "77 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -298,9 +298,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "0.2% (2021 est.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "19.5% (2016)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -490,7 +487,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "CH"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"etymology": {
|
||||
"text": "name derives from the canton of Schwyz, one of the founding cantons of the Swiss Confederacy that formed in the 14th century"
|
||||
"text": "name derives from the canton of Schwyz, one of the founding cantons of the Swiss Confederacy that formed in the late 13th century"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Government type": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1153,30 +1150,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "40"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "2"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "12"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "6"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "17 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "23"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "23 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
"text": "2 (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1264,7 +1244,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "14,726 (Eritrea), 11,441 (Afghanistan), 8,039 (Syria), (mid-year 2022); 65,763 (Ukraine) (as of 14 April 2023)"
|
||||
"text": "14,726 (Eritrea), 11,441 (Afghanistan), 8,039 (Syria), (mid-year 2022); 65,655 (Ukraine) (as of 28 April 2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "891 (2022)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
|
|||
{
|
||||
"Introduction": {
|
||||
"Background": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>The United Kingdom has historically played a leading role in developing parliamentary democracy and in advancing literature and science. At its zenith in the 19th century, the British Empire stretched over one-fourth of the earth's surface. The first half of the 20th century saw two World Wars seriously deplete the UK's strength and the Irish Republic withdraw from the union. The second half witnessed the dismantling of the Empire and the UK rebuilding itself into a modern and prosperous European nation. As one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council and a founding member of NATO and the Commonwealth of Nations, the UK pursues a global approach to foreign policy. The Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, and the Northern Ireland Assembly were established in 1998.</p> <p>The UK was an active member of the EU after its accession in 1973, although it chose to remain outside the Economic and Monetary Union. However, motivated in part by frustration at a remote bureaucracy in Brussels and massive migration into the country, UK citizens on 23 June 2016 voted by 52 to 48 percent to leave the EU. The UK became the first country to depart the EU on 31 January 2020, after prolonged negotiations on EU-UK economic and security relationships had been hammered out.</p>"
|
||||
"text": "<p>The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland was born of the unification of the Kingdoms of England and Scotland, which previously had been distinct states joined in a personal union, under the 1701 Acts of Union. The island of Ireland, also joined via a personal union, was incorporated under the 1800 Acts of Union, while Wales had been part of the Kingdom of England since the 16th century. The United Kingdom has historically played a leading role in developing parliamentary democracy and in advancing literature and science. The 18th and 19th centuries saw the rapid expansion of the British Empire despite the loss of the Thirteen Colonies, and at its zenith in the early 20th century, the British Empire stretched over one-fourth of the earth's surface. The first half of the 20th century saw two World Wars seriously deplete the UK's strength and the Irish Republic withdraw from the union. The second half witnessed the dismantling of the Empire and the UK rebuilding itself into a modern and prosperous European nation. As one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council and a founding member of NATO and the Commonwealth of Nations, the UK pursues a global approach to foreign policy. The devolved Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, and the Northern Ireland Assembly were established in 1998.</p> <p>The UK was an active member of the EU after its accession in 1973, although it chose to remain outside the Economic and Monetary Union. However, motivated in part by frustration at a remote bureaucracy in Brussels and massive migration into the country, UK citizens on 23 June 2016 voted by 52 to 48 percent to leave the EU. The UK became the only country to depart the EU on 31 January 2020, after prolonged negotiations on EU-UK economic and security relationships had been hammered out.</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Geography": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -294,9 +294,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: 0.2% of population (2020 est.)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Major infectious diseases": {
|
||||
"text": "<strong>note: </strong>on 22 March 2023, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued an updated Travel Alert for polio in Europe; the United Kingdom is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and <em>that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus</em>; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an “infected” person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -1149,36 +1146,13 @@
|
|||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "271"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"over 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "7"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"2,438 to 3,047 m": {
|
||||
"text": "29"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "89"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "80"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "66 (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Airports - with unpaved runways": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
"text": "189"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"1,524 to 2,437 m": {
|
||||
"text": "3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"914 to 1,523 m": {
|
||||
"text": "26"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"under 914 m": {
|
||||
"text": "160 (2021)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Heliports": {
|
||||
"text": "9 (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -1281,7 +1255,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
|
||||
"refugees (country of origin)": {
|
||||
"text": "21,904 (Iran), 15,615 (Eritrea), 11,371 (Sudan), 12,155 (Syria), 10,259 (Afghanistan), 8,009 (Pakistan), 7,699 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 201,000 (Ukraine) (as of 11 April 2023)"
|
||||
"text": "21,904 (Iran), 15,615 (Eritrea), 11,371 (Sudan), 12,155 (Syria), 10,259 (Afghanistan), 8,009 (Pakistan), 7,699 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 202,800 (Ukraine) (as of 11 April 2023)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"stateless persons": {
|
||||
"text": "5,483 (2022)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long
|
|
@ -179,9 +179,6 @@
|
|||
"text": "total: NA"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
|
||||
"text": "NA"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue