as of 2021, the FAB had a close working relationship with the Belgian armed forces; the Belgians offered advice, training, and secondhand equipment donations, and deployed to Benin for limited military exercises
" diff --git a/africa/by.json b/africa/by.json index c8be7647..461b42ed 100644 --- a/africa/by.json +++ b/africa/by.json @@ -1041,10 +1041,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "4,230 (2020)" + "text": "4,230 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "less than 1 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.04 less than 1 (2021)" } } }, @@ -1077,7 +1077,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "1 (2012)" + "text": "1 (2021)" }, "Roadways": { "total": { @@ -1130,7 +1130,7 @@ "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service (2021)" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "750 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 5,400 Somalia (AMISOM) (Oct 2021)" + "text": "750 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 5,400 Somalia (AMISOM) (Jan 2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "in addition to its foreign deployments, the FDN as of 2021 was focused on internal security missions, particularly against rebel groups opposed to the regime such as National Forces of Liberation (FNL), the Resistance for the Rule of Law-Tabara (aka RED Tabara), and Popular Forces of Burundi (FPB or FOREBU); these groups were based in the neighboring Democratic Republic of Congo and have carried out sporadic attacks in Burundi" diff --git a/africa/cd.json b/africa/cd.json index db3c8486..8e1bd198 100644 --- a/africa/cd.json +++ b/africa/cd.json @@ -1055,10 +1055,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "0 (2020)" + "text": "0 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "0 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0 (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -1161,7 +1161,8 @@ "text": "20 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service, with a 3-year service obligation; 18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary service; no minimum age restriction for volunteers with consent from a parent or guardian; women are subject to 1 year of compulsory military or civic service at age 21 (2021)" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "note(s) - Chad is part of a five-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritania, and Niger; Chad has committed 550 troops and 100 gendarmes to the force; in early 2020, G5 Sahel military chiefs of staff agreed to allow defense forces from each of the states to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the G5 force is backed by the UN, US, and France; G5 troops periodically conduct joint operations with French forces deployed to the Sahel under Operation Barkhane; Chad hosts the headquarters of Operation Barkhane in N’Djamenathe modern FARDC was created out of the armed factions of the two Congo wars of 1996-1997 and 1998-2003; as part of the peace accords that ended the last war, the largest rebel groups were incorporated into the FARDC; many armed groups, however, continue to fight (note - there are as many as 120 total armed groups in the country by some estimates); as of 2022, the FARDC was actively engaged in combat operations against numerous armed groups inside the country, particularly in the eastern provinces of Ituri, North Kivu, and South Kivu, although violence also continues in Maniema, Kasai, Kasai Central, and Tanganyika provinces; the military is widely assessed as being unable to provide adequate security throughout the country due to insufficient training, poor morale and leadership, ill-discipline and corruption, low equipment readiness, a fractious ethnic makeup, and the sheer size of the country and diversity of armed rebel groups
the modern FARDC was created out of the armed factions of the two Congo wars of 1996-1997 and 1998-2003; as part of the peace accords that ended the last war, the largest rebel groups were incorporated into the FARDC; many armed groups, however, continue to fight (note - there are as many as 120 total armed groups in the country by some estimates); as of 2022, the FARDC was actively engaged in combat operations against numerous armed groups inside the country, particularly in the eastern provinces of Ituri, North Kivu, and South Kivu, although violence also continues in Maniema, Kasai, Kasai Central, and Tanganyika provinces; the military is widely assessed as being unable to provide adequate security throughout the country due to insufficient training, poor morale and leadership, ill-discipline and corruption, low equipment readiness, a fractious ethnic makeup, and the sheer size of the country and diversity of armed rebel groups
" + "text": "the 2013 coup resulted in the institutional collapse of the FACA; its forces were overwhelmed and forced to flee to neighboring countries; reportedly only 10% of the FACA returned after the coup, and it has struggled to rebuild in the years of instability since; the European Union, France, Russia, the UN, and the US are providing various levels of security assistance
" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/africa/cv.json b/africa/cv.json index e62968ab..23d4f514 100644 --- a/africa/cv.json +++ b/africa/cv.json @@ -984,10 +984,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "24,839 (2020)" + "text": "24,839 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "4.47 (2020 est.)" + "text": "4.47 (2021 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/dj.json b/africa/dj.json index e179ddf7..c9a5f35f 100644 --- a/africa/dj.json +++ b/africa/dj.json @@ -999,10 +999,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "25,053 (2020)" + "text": "25,053 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "2.54 (2020 est.)" + "text": "2.54 (2021 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/eg.json b/africa/eg.json index ce0be80b..a737621d 100644 --- a/africa/eg.json +++ b/africa/eg.json @@ -1071,10 +1071,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "9,349,469 (2020)" + "text": "9,349,469 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "9.14 (2020 est.)" + "text": "9.14 (2021 est.)" } }, "Communications - note": { @@ -1139,7 +1139,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "7 (2013)" + "text": "7 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "486 km condensate, 74 km condensate/gas, 7986 km gas, 957 km liquid petroleum gas, 5225 km oil, 37 km oil/gas/water, 895 km refined products, 65 km water (2013)" @@ -1223,7 +1223,7 @@ "note": "note - as of 2020, conscripts were estimated to comprise over half of the military, as well as a considerable portion of the Central Security Force" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "1,000 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 1,050 Mali (MINUSMA) (Sep 2021)" + "text": "1,000 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 1,050 Mali (MINUSMA) (Jan 2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "
since 2011, the Egyptian Armed Forces, police, and other security forces have been actively engaged in counterinsurgency and counter-terrorism operations in the North Sinai governorate against several militant groups, particularly the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham – Sinai Province; as of 2021, Egypt reportedly had approximately 40,000 military troops, police, and other security personnel deployed in the Sinai for internal security duties; in addition, tribal militias were assisting Egyptian security forces
the military has a large stake in the civilian economy, including running banks, businesses, and shipping lines, producing consumer and industrial goods, importing commodities, and building and managing infrastructure projects, such as bridges, roads, hospitals, and housing
Egypt has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments
the military of Ghana traces its origins to the Gold Coast Constabulary that was established in 1879 and renamed the Gold Coast Regiment in 1901; the Gold Coast Regiment was part of the West African Frontier Force (WAFF), a multi-regiment force formed by the British colonial office in 1900 to garrison the West African colonies of Gold Coast (Ghana), Nigeria (Lagos and the protectorates of Northern and Southern Nigeria), Sierra Leone, and Gambia; the WAFF served with distinction in both East and West Africa during World War I; in 1928, it received royal recognition and was re-named the Royal West African Frontier Force (RWAFF); the RWAFF went on to serve in World War II as part of the British 81st and 82nd (West African) divisions in the East Africa and Burma campaigns; following independence in 1957, the Gold Coast Regiment formed the basis for the new Ghanaian Army
as of 2021, the primary missions for the Ghanaian military included assisting other security services with internal security and patrolling the country’s economic exclusion zone, which has led to efforts to expand the Navy’s capabilities in recent years; since sending a contingent of troops to the Congo in 1960, the Ghana military has been a regular contributor to African- and UN-sponsored peacekeeping missions
" diff --git a/africa/gv.json b/africa/gv.json index aeea8871..330a9b84 100644 --- a/africa/gv.json +++ b/africa/gv.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Guinea's deep Muslim heritage arrived via the neighboring Almoravid Empire in the 11th century. Following Almoravid decline, Guinea existed on the fringe of several African kingdoms, all competing for regional dominance. In the 13th century, the Mali Empire took control of Guinea, encouraging its already growing Muslim faith. After the fall of the West African empires, various smaller kingdoms controlled Guinea. In the 18th century, Fulani Muslims established an Islamic state in central Guinea that represents one of the earliest examples of a written constitution and alternating leadership. While European traders first arrived in the 16th century, it was the French who secured colonial rule in the 19th century.
In 1958, Guinea achieved independence from France. Sekou TOURE became Guinea’s first post-independence president; he established a dictatorial regime and ruled until his death in 1984, after which General Lansana CONTE staged a coup and seized the government. He too established an authoritarian regime and manipulated presidential elections until his death in December 2008, when Captain Moussa Dadis CAMARA led a military coup, seized power, and suspended the constitution. In September 2009, presidential guards opened fire on an opposition rally, killing more than 150 people in Conakry, the capital. In early December 2009, CAMARA was wounded in an assassination attempt and exiled to Burkina Faso. In 2010 and 2013 respectively, the country held its first free and fair presidential and legislative elections. Alpha CONDE won the 2010 and 2015 presidential elections. CONDE's first cabinet was the first all-civilian government in Guinean history. In March 2020, Guinea passed a new constitution in a national referendum that changed presidential term limit rules. CONDE argued that, given this change, he was allowed to run for a third term, which he then won in October 2020. On 5 September 2021, Col Mamady DOUMBOUYA led special forces troops in a successful military coup, ousting and detaining CONDE and establishing the National Committee for Reconciliation (CNRD). DOUMBOUYA and the CNRD suspended the constitution and dissolved the government and the legislature. DOUMBOUYA was sworn in as transition president on 1 October 2021, and appointed Mohamed BEAVOGUI as transition prime minister. on October 7, 2021. BEAVOGUI subsequently formed a largely technocratic cabinet. The National Transition Council (CNT), which acts as the legislative body for the transition, was formed on January 22, 2022.The 81-member CNT is led by Dr. Dansa KOUROUMA and consists of appointed members representing a broad swath of Guinean society.
Guinea's deep Muslim heritage arrived via the neighboring Almoravid Empire in the 11th century. Following Almoravid decline, Guinea existed on the fringe of several African kingdoms, all competing for regional dominance. In the 13th century, the Mali Empire took control of Guinea, encouraging its already growing Muslim faith. After the fall of the West African empires, various smaller kingdoms controlled Guinea. In the 18th century, Fulani Muslims established an Islamic state in central Guinea that represents one of the earliest examples of a written constitution and alternating leadership. While European traders first arrived in the 16th century, it was the French who secured colonial rule in the 19th century.
In 1958, Guinea achieved independence from France. Sekou TOURE became Guinea’s first post-independence president; he established a dictatorial regime and ruled until his death in 1984, after which General Lansana CONTE staged a coup and seized the government. He too established an authoritarian regime and manipulated presidential elections until his death in December 2008, when Captain Moussa Dadis CAMARA led a military coup, seized power, and suspended the constitution. In September 2009, presidential guards opened fire on an opposition rally, killing more than 150 people in Conakry, the capital. In early December 2009, CAMARA was wounded in an assassination attempt and exiled to Burkina Faso. In 2010 and 2013 respectively, the country held its first free and fair presidential and legislative elections. Alpha CONDE won the 2010 and 2015 presidential elections. CONDE's first cabinet was the first all-civilian government in Guinean history. In March 2020, Guinea passed a new constitution in a national referendum that changed presidential term limit rules. CONDE argued that, given this change, he was allowed to run for a third term, which he then won in October 2020. On 5 September 2021, Col Mamady DOUMBOUYA led special forces troops in a successful military coup, ousting and detaining CONDE and establishing the National Committee for Reconciliation and Development (CNRD). DOUMBOUYA and the CNRD suspended the constitution and dissolved the government and the legislature. DOUMBOUYA was sworn in as transition president on 1 October 2021, and appointed Mohamed BEAVOGUI as transition prime minister a week later. BEAVOGUI subsequently formed a largely technocratic cabinet. The National Transition Council (CNT), which acts as the legislative body for the transition, was formed on January 22, 2022. The 81-member CNT is led by Dr. Dansa KOUROUMA and consists of appointed members representing a broad swath of Guinean society.
government maintains marginal control over broadcast media; single state-run TV station; state-run radio broadcast station also operates several stations in rural areas; a dozen private television stations; a steadily increasing number of privately owned radio stations, nearly all in Conakry, and about a dozen community radio stations; foreign TV programming available via satellite and cable subscription services
(2019)" + "text": "Government maintains marginal control over broadcast media; single state-run TV station; state-run radio broadcast station also operates several stations in rural areas; a dozen private television stations; a steadily increasing number of privately owned radio stations, nearly all in Conakry, and about a dozen community radio stations; foreign TV programming available via satellite and cable subscription services
(2022)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".gn" }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "2.91 million (2021 est.)" + "text": "3.15 million (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "18% (2019 est.)" + "text": "23% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "1,250 (2019)" + "text": "1,000 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "less than 1 (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.01 less than 1 (2021)" } } }, @@ -1183,7 +1183,7 @@ "text": "Voluntary and selective conscripted service, 9-24 mos (2021)" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "660 Mali (MINUSMA) (Oct 2021)" + "text": "670 Mali (MINUSMA) (Jan 2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "the Army is responsible for external defense, but also has some domestic security responsibilities; piracy and natural resource protection in the Gulf of Guinea are key areas of concern for the small Navy, which possesses only a few patrol boats
" diff --git a/africa/iv.json b/africa/iv.json index a0029213..aeab439d 100644 --- a/africa/iv.json +++ b/africa/iv.json @@ -599,10 +599,10 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Alassane Dramane OUATTARA (since 4 December 2010); Vice President (vacant); note - Vice President Daniel Kablan DUNCAN resigned 8 July 2020; note - the 2016 constitution calls for the establishment of the position of vice-president" + "text": "President Alassane Dramane OUATTARA (since 4 December 2010); Vice President Tiémoko Meyliet KONE (since 19 April 2022) note - Vice President Tiémoko Meyliet KONE was appointed by President Alassane Dramane OUATTARA before a Congressional meeting on 19 April 2022" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Patrick ACHI (since 10 March 2021) resigns 13 April 2022; note- President Alassane Dramane OUATTARA to appoint new prime minister and cabinet in April. " + "text": "Prime Minister Patrick ACHI (since 19 April 2022)Kenyan military forces intervened in Somalia in October 2011 to combat the al Qaida-affiliated al-Shabaab terrorist group, which had conducted numerous cross-border attacks into Kenya; in November 2011, the UN and the African Union invited Kenya to incorporate the force into the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM); Kenyan forces were formally integrated into AMISOM in February 2012; as of mid-2021, they consisted of approximately 3,600 troops and were responsible for AMISOM’s Sector 2 comprising Lower and Middle Jubba (see Appendix-T for additional details on al-Shabaab)
" diff --git a/africa/li.json b/africa/li.json index 2950b516..ed1cdf48 100644 --- a/africa/li.json +++ b/africa/li.json @@ -1016,10 +1016,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "9,000 (2017 est.)" + "text": "13,000 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "less than 1 (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.26 less than 1 (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -1130,7 +1130,7 @@ "note": "note - as of 2020, women made up about .4% of the active military" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "150 Mali (MINUSMA) (Oct 2021)" + "text": "160 Mali (MINUSMA) (Feb 2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "the first militia unit established for defense of the colony was raised in 1832; the Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL) traces its origins to the 1908 establishment of the Liberia Frontier Force, which became the Liberian National Guard in 1965; the AFL was established in 1970; at the end of the second civil war in 2003, military and police forces were disbanded and approximately 100,000 military, police, and rebel combatants were disarmed; the AFL began to rebuild in 2003 with US assistance and the first infantry battalion of the restructured AFL was re-activated in late 2007; a second battalion was added in 2008
the UN Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) was established in 2003 as a peacekeeping force; at its height, UNMIL was comprised of about 15,000 personnel, including more than 3,000 troops absorbed from the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) peacekeeping mission; Liberian forces reassumed full control of the country’s security in June of 2016, and the UNMIL mission was ended in 2018
as of 2021, the AFL was comprised mostly of a small ground force consisting of 2 infantry battalions, while the Coast Guard had only a few small patrol boats; the AFL had no aircraft
" diff --git a/africa/lt.json b/africa/lt.json index 5210d4a4..512e4be4 100644 --- a/africa/lt.json +++ b/africa/lt.json @@ -1030,10 +1030,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "5,060 (2020)" + "text": "5,060 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "less than 1 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.24 less than 1 (2021)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/ly.json b/africa/ly.json index bcd4b7ba..e119b8ea 100644 --- a/africa/ly.json +++ b/africa/ly.json @@ -961,10 +961,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "318,000 (2017 est.)" + "text": "33,200 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "4.83 (2019 est.)" + "text": "4.83 (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -1029,7 +1029,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "882 km condensate, 3743 km gas, 7005 km oil (2013)" diff --git a/africa/ma.json b/africa/ma.json index da29c975..b9ddde9f 100644 --- a/africa/ma.json +++ b/africa/ma.json @@ -591,10 +591,10 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:as of 2021, the Malawi Defense Force’s primary responsibility was external security; it was also tasked as necessary with carrying out policing or other domestic activities, such as disaster relief; Malawi contributes regularly to African Union and UN peace support operations
" diff --git a/africa/ml.json b/africa/ml.json index f6918f2c..481f16d8 100644 --- a/africa/ml.json +++ b/africa/ml.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Present-day Mali is named after the Mali Empire that ruled the region between the 13th and 16th centuries. At its peak in the 14th century, it was the largest and wealthiest empire in West Africa and controlled an area about twice the size of modern-day France. Primarily a trading empire, Mali derived its wealth from gold and maintained several goldfields and trade routes in the Sahel. The empire also influenced West African culture through the spread of its language, laws, and customs, but by the 16th century it fragmented into mostly small chiefdoms. The Songhai Empire, previously a Mali dependency centered in Timbuktu, gained prominence in the 15th and 16th centuries. Under Songhai rule, Timbuktu became a large commercial center and well-known for its scholarship and religious teaching. Timbuktu remains a center of culture in West Africa today. In the late 16th century, the Songhai Empire fell to Moroccan invaders and disintegrated into independent sultanates and kingdoms.
France, expanding from Senegal, seized control of the area in the 1890s and incorporated it into French West Africa as French Sudan. In 1960, French Sudan gained independence from France and became the Mali Federation. When Senegal withdrew after only a few months, the remaining area was renamed the Republic of Mali. Mali saw 31 years of dictatorship until 1991, when a military coup led by Amadou Toumani TOURE ousted the government, established a new constitution, and instituted a multi-party democracy. President Alpha Oumar KONARE won Mali's first two democratic presidential elections in 1992 and 1997. In keeping with Mali's two-term constitutional limit, he stepped down in 2002 and was succeeded by Amadou Toumani TOURE, who won a second term in 2007.
In 2012, rising ethnic tensions and an influx of fighters - some linked to Al-Qa’ida - from Libya led to a rebellion and military coup. Following the coup, rebels expelled the military from the country’s three northern regions, allowing terrorist organizations to develop strongholds in the area. With French military intervention, the Malian Government managed to retake most of the north. However, the government’s grasp in the region remains weak with local militias, terrorists, and insurgent groups continuously trying to expand control. In 2015, the Malian Government and northern rebels signed an internationally mediated peace accord. Despite a June 2017 target for implementation of the agreement, the signatories have made little progress. Extremist groups were left out of the peace process, and terrorist attacks remain common.
Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA won the Malian presidential elections in 2013 and 2018. Aside from security and logistic shortfalls, international observers deemed these elections credible. Terrorism, banditry, ethnic-based violence, and extra-judicial military killings plagued the country during KEITA’s second term. In August 2020, the military arrested KEITA, his prime minister, and other senior members of the government and established a military junta called the National Committee for the Salvation of the People (CNSP). In September 2020, the junta established a transition government and appointed Bah N’DAW, a retired army officer and former defense minister, as interim president and Colonel Assimi GOITA, the coup leader and chairman of the CNSP, as interim vice president. The transition government’s charter allows it to rule for up to 18 months before calling a general election.
In May 2021, Colonel Assimi GOITA arrested the interim president in a second coup in an effort to slow election preparations, claiming that the transition government needed to prioritize improving security before elections occur. In June 2021, Mali’s military transitional leaders appointed Choguel Kokalla MAIGA as prime minister.
Present-day Mali is named after the Mali Empire that ruled the region between the 13th and 16th centuries. At its peak in the 14th century, it was the largest and wealthiest empire in West Africa and controlled an area about twice the size of modern-day France. Primarily a trading empire, Mali derived its wealth from gold and maintained several goldfields and trade routes in the Sahel. The empire also influenced West African culture through the spread of its language, laws, and customs, but by the 16th century it fragmented into mostly small chiefdoms. The Songhai Empire, previously a Mali dependency centered in Timbuktu, gained prominence in the 15th and 16th centuries. Under Songhai rule, Timbuktu became a large commercial center and well-known for its scholarship and religious teaching. Timbuktu remains a center of culture in West Africa today. In the late 16th century, the Songhai Empire fell to Moroccan invaders and disintegrated into independent sultanates and kingdoms.
France, expanding from Senegal, seized control of the area in the 1890s and incorporated it into French West Africa as French Sudan. In 1960, French Sudan gained independence from France and became the Mali Federation. When Senegal withdrew after only a few months, the remaining area was renamed the Republic of Mali. Mali saw 31 years of dictatorship until 1991, when a military coup led by Amadou Toumani TOURE ousted the government, established a new constitution, and instituted a multi-party democracy. President Alpha Oumar KONARE won Mali's first two democratic presidential elections in 1992 and 1997. In keeping with Mali's two-term constitutional limit, he stepped down in 2002 and was succeeded by Amadou Toumani TOURE, who won a second term in 2007.
In 2012, rising ethnic tensions and an influx of fighters - some linked to Al-Qa’ida - from Libya led to a rebellion and military coup. Following the coup, rebels expelled the military from the country’s three northern regions, allowing terrorist organizations to develop strongholds in the area. With French military intervention, the Malian Government managed to retake most of the north. However, the government’s grasp in the region remains weak with local militias, terrorists, and insurgent groups continuously trying to expand control. In 2015, the Malian Government and northern rebels signed an internationally mediated peace accord. Despite a June 2017 target for implementation of the agreement, the signatories have made little progress. Extremist groups were left out of the peace process, and terrorist attacks remain common.
Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA won the Malian presidential elections in 2013 and 2018. Aside from security and logistic shortfalls, international observers deemed these elections credible. Terrorism, banditry, ethnic-based violence, and extra-judicial military killings plagued the country during KEITA’s second term. In August 2020, the military arrested KEITA, his prime minister, and other senior members of the government and established a military junta called the National Committee for the Salvation of the People (CNSP). In September 2020, the junta established a transition government and appointed Bah N’DAW, a retired army officer and former defense minister, as interim president and Colonel Assimi GOITA, the coup leader and chairman of the CNSP, as interim vice president. The transition government’s charter allowed it to rule for up to 18 months before calling a general election.
In May 2021, Colonel Assimi GOITA led a military takeover, arresting the interim president after a Cabinet shake up removed Goita’s key allies. Goita was sworn in as transition president in June 2021 and Choguel Kokalla MAIGA was sworn in as prime minister. In January 2022, ECOWAS imposed sanctions against the transition government and member states closed their borders after the transition government presented a five-year extension to the electoral calendar. ECOWAS and the transition government continue to work to negotiate an acceptable electoral calendar.
the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) was established by Security Council resolution 690 in April 1991 in accordance with settlement proposals accepted in August 1988 by Morocco and the Polisario Front (aka Frente Popular para la Liberación de Saguia el-Hamra y de Río de Oro or Frente Polisario); MINURSO was unable to carry out all the original settlement proposals, but as of 2021 continued to monitor the cease-fire and reduce the threat of mines and unexploded ordnance, and has provided logistic support to the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)-led confidence building measures with personnel and air and ground assets; as of July 2021, MINURSO had about 200 military personnel assigned
Morocco has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments
the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) was established by Security Council resolution 690 in April 1991 in accordance with settlement proposals accepted in August 1988 by Morocco and the Polisario Front (aka Frente Popular para la Liberación de Saguia el-Hamra y de Río de Oro or Frente Polisario); MINURSO was unable to carry out all the original settlement proposals, but as of 2021 continued to monitor the cease-fire and reduce the threat of mines and unexploded ordnance, and has provided logistic support to the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)-led confidence building measures with personnel and air and ground assets
Morocco has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments
Although known to Arab and European sailors since at least the early 1500s, the island of Mauritius was uninhabited until 1638 when the Dutch established a settlement named in honor of Prince Maurits van NASSAU. Their presence led to the rapid disappearance of the flightless dodo bird that has since become one of the most well-known examples of extinction in modern times. The Dutch abandoned their financially distressed settlement in 1710, although a number of formerly enslaved people remained. In 1722, the French established what would become a highly profitable settlement focused on sugar cane plantations that were reliant on the labor of enslaved people brought to Mauritius from other parts of Africa. In the 1790s, the island had a brief period of autonomous rule when plantation owners rejected French control because of laws ending slavery that were temporarily in effect during the French Revolution. Britain captured the Island in 1810 as part of the Napoleonic Wars, but kept most of the French administrative structure which remains to this day in the form of the country’s legal codes and widespread use of French Creole language. The abolition of slavery in 1835 - later than most other British colonies - led to increased reliance on contracted laborers from the Indian subcontinent to work on plantations. Today their descendants form the majority of the population. Mauritius remained a strategically important British naval base, and later an air station, playing a role during World War II for anti-submarine and convoy operations, as well as for the collection of signals intelligence.
Mauritius gained independence from the UK in 1968 as a Parliamentary Republic and has remained a stable democracy with regular free elections and a positive human rights record. The country also attracted considerable foreign investment and now has one of Africa's highest per capita incomes. Mauritius’ often fractious coalition politics has been dominated by two prominent families each of which has had father-son pairs who have been prime minister over multiple, often nonconsecutive, terms. Seewoosagur Ramgoolam (1968-76) was Mauritius’ first prime minister and he was succeeded by Anerood Jugnauth (1982-95, 2000-03, 2014-17); his son Navin Ramgoolam (1995-2000, 2005-14); and Paul Raymond Berenger (2003-05). In 2017, Pravind Jugnauth became prime minister after his father stepped down short of completing his term, and he was elected in his own right in 2019. Mauritius claims the French island of Tromelin and the British Chagos Archipelago (British Indian Ocean Territory). Since 2017, Mauritius has secured favorable UN General Assembly (UNGA) resolutions and an International Court of Justice (ICJ) advisory opinion relating to its sovereignty dispute with the UK.
" + "text": "Although known to Arab and European sailors since at least the early 1500s, the island of Mauritius was uninhabited until 1638 when the Dutch established a settlement named in honor of Prince Maurits van NASSAU. Their presence led to the rapid disappearance of the flightless dodo bird that has since become one of the most well-known examples of extinction in modern times. The Dutch abandoned their financially distressed settlement in 1710, although a number of formerly enslaved people remained. In 1722, the French established what would become a highly profitable settlement focused on sugar cane plantations that were reliant on the labor of enslaved people brought to Mauritius from other parts of Africa. In the 1790s, the island had a brief period of autonomous rule when plantation owners rejected French control because of laws ending slavery that were temporarily in effect during the French Revolution. Britain captured the Island in 1810 as part of the Napoleonic Wars, but kept most of the French administrative structure which remains to this day in the form of the country’s legal codes and widespread use of French Creole language. The abolition of slavery in 1835 - later than most other British colonies - led to increased reliance on contracted laborers from the Indian subcontinent to work on plantations. Today their descendants form the majority of the population. Mauritius remained a strategically important British naval base, and later an air station, playing a role during World War II for anti-submarine and convoy operations, as well as for the collection of signals intelligence.
Mauritius gained independence from the UK in 1968 as a Parliamentary Republic and has remained a stable democracy with regular free elections and a positive human rights record. The country also attracted considerable foreign investment and now has one of Africa's highest per capita incomes. Mauritius’ often fractious coalition politics has been dominated by two prominent families each of which has had father-son pairs who have been prime minister over multiple, often nonconsecutive, terms. Seewoosagur Ramgoolam (1968-76) was Mauritius’ first prime minister and he was succeeded by Anerood Jugnauth (1982-95, 2000-03, 2014-17); his son Navin Ramgoolam (1995-2000, 2005-14); and Paul Raymond Berenger (2003-05), the only non-Hindu prime minister of post-independence Mauritius. In 2017, Pravind Jugnauth became prime minister after his father stepped down short of completing his term, and he was elected in his own right in 2019. Mauritius claims the French island of Tromelin and the British Chagos Archipelago (British Indian Ocean Territory). Since 2017, Mauritius has secured favorable UN General Assembly (UNGA) resolutions and an International Court of Justice (ICJ) advisory opinion relating to its sovereignty dispute with the UK.
" } }, "Geography": { @@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Pritivirajsing ROOPUN (since December 2019); Vice President Marie Cyril Eddy Boissézon (2 December 2019) note - President Ameenah GURIB-FAKIM (since 5 June 2015) resigned on 23 March 2018 amid a credit card scandal" + "text": "President Pritivirajsing ROOPUN (since December 2019); Vice President Marie Cyril Eddy Boissézon (2 December 2019) note - President Ameenah GURIB-FAKIM (since 5 June 2015), the country's first female president, resigned on 23 March 2018 amid a credit card scandal" }, "head of government": { "text": "Prime Minister Pravind JUGNAUTH (since 23 January 2017, remains PM after parliamentary election 7 Nov 2019); note - Prime Minister Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH (since 17 December 2014) stepped down on 23 January 2017 in favor of his son, Pravind Kumar JUGNAUTH, who was then appointed prime minister; 7 Nov 2019 Pravind Jugnauth remains prime minister and home affairs minister and also becomes defense minister (2019)" @@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ "text": "president and vice president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for 5-year renewable terms; election last held on 7 Nov 2019 (next to be held in 2024); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president, responsible to the National Assembly (2019)" }, "election results": { - "text": "seats by party as of 7/11/2019- (MSM) 38, (PTR) 14, (MMM) 8, (OPR) 2; note - GURIB-FAKIM, Mauritius'- first female president, resigned on 23 March 2018 (2018)" + "text": "seats by party as of 7/11/2019 - (MSM) 38, (PTR) 14, (MMM) 8, (OPR) 2 (2018)" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -535,12 +535,12 @@ "text": "last held on 7 November 2019 (next to be held by late 2024)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - MSM 61%, Labour Party 23%, MMM 13%, OPR 3%; elected seats by party as of - the Militant Socialist Movement (MSM) wins 38 seats, the Labour Party (PTR) or (MLP) 14, Mauritian Militant Movement (MMM) 8 and the Rodrigues People's Organization (OPR) 2; composition - men 49, women 13; percent of women 20% (2019)" + "text": "percent of vote by party - MSM 61%, Mauritius Labour Party 23%, MMM 13%, OPR 3%; elected seats by party as of - the Militant Socialist Movement (MSM) wins 38 seats, the Mauritius Labour Party (PTR) or (MLP) 14, Mauritian Militant Movement (MMM) 8 and the Rodrigues People's Organization (OPR) 2; composition - men 49, women 13; percent of women 20% (2019)" } }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { - "text": "Supreme Court of Mauritius (consists of the chief justice, a senior puisne judge, and 18 puisne judges); note - the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) serves as the final court of appeal" + "text": "Supreme Court of Mauritius (consists of the chief justice, a senior puisne judge, and 24 puisne judges); note - the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) serves as the final court of appeal" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "chief justice appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister; senior puisne judge appointed by the president with the advice of the chief justice; other puisne judges appointed by the president with the advice of the Judicial and Legal Commission, a 4-member body of judicial officials including the chief justice; all judges serve until retirement at age 67" @@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Alliance Lepep (Alliance of the People) [Pravind JUGNAUTH] (coalition includes MSM and ML)The Berber and Bafour people were among the first to settle in what is now Mauritania. Originally a nomadic people, they were among the first in recorded history to convert from a nomadic to agricultural lifestyle. These groups account for roughly one third of Mauritania’s ethnic makeup. The remainder of Mauritania’s ethnic groups derive from former enslaved peoples and sub-Saharan ethnic groups originating mainly from the Senegal River Valley. These three groups constitute a strict caste system with deep ethnic divides that still exists today.
A former French colony, Mauritania achieved independence from France in 1960. Mauritania initially began as a single-party authoritarian regime and saw 49 years of dictatorships, flawed elections, failed attempts at democracy, and military coups. Ould Abdel AZIZ led the last coup in 2008, and was elected president in 2009 and reelected in 2014. International observers recognized the elections as free and fair. Following his two terms, AZIZ became the first Mauritanian president to step down and observe a democratic transfer of power. This solidified Mauritania’s status as an emerging democracy. After winning 52% of the vote, Mohamed Ould Cheikh GHAZOUANI was inaugurated in 2019.
The country is working to address the vestiges of slavery, which was officially abolished in 1981 but not criminalized until 2007. Between 2005 and 2011, Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) launched a series of attacks killing American and foreign tourists and aid workers, attacking diplomatic and government facilities, and ambushing Mauritanian soldiers and gendarmes. Although Mauritania has not seen an attack since 2011, AQIM and similar groups remain active in the Sahel region.
" + "text": "The Berber and Bafour people were among the first to settle in what is now Mauritania. Originally a nomadic people, they were among the first in recorded history to convert from a nomadic to agricultural lifestyle. These groups account for roughly one third of Mauritania’s ethnic makeup. The remainder of Mauritania’s ethnic groups derive from former enslaved peoples and sub-Saharan ethnic groups originating mainly from the Senegal River Valley. These three groups are organized according to a strict caste system with deep ethnic divides that still exist today.
A former French colony, Mauritania achieved independence from France in 1960. Mauritania initially began as a single-party, authoritarian regime and saw 49 years of dictatorships, flawed elections, failed attempts at democracy, and military coups. Ould Abdel AZIZ led the last coup in 2008, and was elected president in 2009 and reelected in 2014. Mohamed Ould Cheikh GHAZOUANI was elected president in 2019, and his inauguration marked the first peaceful transition of power from one democratically elected president to another, solidifying Mauritania’s status as an emerging democracy. International observers recognized the elections as relatively free and fair.
The country is working to address a continuing practice of slavery and its vestiges. Mauritania officially abolished slavery in 1981, but the practice was not criminalized until 2007. Between 2005 and 2011, Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) launched a series of attacks killing American and foreign tourists and aid workers, attacking diplomatic and government facilities, and ambushing Mauritanian soldiers and gendarmes. Although Mauritania has not seen an attack since 2011, AQIM and similar groups remain active in the Sahel region.
" } }, "Geography": { @@ -235,6 +235,10 @@ "text": "0.93 male(s)/female (2022 est.)" } }, + "Mother's mean age at first birth": { + "text": "21.4 years (2019-2021)", + "note": "note: median age at first birth among women 25-29" + }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "766 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" }, @@ -1063,10 +1067,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "19,246 (2020)" + "text": "18,457 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "less than 1 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.4 less than 1 (2021)" } } }, @@ -1186,7 +1190,7 @@ "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2021)" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "450 Central African Republic (MINUSCA) (Sep 2021)", + "text": "460 (plus about 320 police) Central African Republic (MINUSCA) (Feb 2022)", "note": "note - Mauritania is part of a five-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, and Niger; it has committed 550 troops and 100 gendarmes to the force; in early 2020, G5 Sahel military chiefs of staff agreed to allow defense forces from each of the states to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the G5 force is backed by the UN, US, and France; G5 troops periodically conduct joint operations with French forces deployed to the Sahel under Operation Barkhane" }, "Military - note": { diff --git a/africa/mz.json b/africa/mz.json index 393da6cb..072c95f1 100644 --- a/africa/mz.json +++ b/africa/mz.json @@ -1074,10 +1074,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "69,975 (2019)" + "text": "70,000 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "less than 1 (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.22 less than 1 (2021)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/ng.json b/africa/ng.json index f1494994..63b1bed7 100644 --- a/africa/ng.json +++ b/africa/ng.json @@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (171 seats - 166 currently; 158 members directly elected from 8 multi-member constituencies in 7 regions and Niamey by party-list proportional representation, 8 reserved for minorities elected in special single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 5 seats reserved for Nigeriens living abroad - l seat per continent - elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 27 December 2020 (next to be held in 2025)" + "text": "last held on 27 December 2020 " }, "election results": { "text": "percent of vote by party - percent of vote by party - PNDS-Tarrayya 37.04%, MODEN/FA Lumana 8.71%, MPR-Jamhuriya 7.59%, MNSD-Nassara 6.77%, RDR-Tchanji 4.41%, CPR-Inganci 4.15%, MPN-Kishin Kassa 3.97%, PJP Generation Dubara 2.88%, ANDP Zaman Lahya 2.46%, RPP Farrilla 2.10%, ARD Adaltchi-Mutuntchi 1.74%, AMEN AMIN 1.43%, MDEN Falala 1.42%, other 15.33%; seats by party - PNDS-Tarrayya 79, MODEN/FA Lumana 19, MPR-Jamhuriya 14, MNSD-Nassara 13, CPR-Inganci 8, MPN-Kishin Kassa 6, ANDP-Zaman Lahiya 3, RPP Farrilla 2, PJP Generation Dubara 2, ARD Adaltchi-Mutuntchi 2, AMEN AMIN 2, other 16; composition - men 123, women 43, percent of women 25.9%" @@ -630,7 +630,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Alliance of Movements for the Emergence of Niger or AMEN AMIN [Omar Hamidou TCHIANA]
the Nigerian military traces its origins to the Nigeria Regiment of the West African Frontier Force (WAFF), a multi-regiment force formed by the British colonial office in 1900 to garrison the West African colonies of Nigeria (Lagos and the protectorates of Northern and Southern Nigeria), Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, and Gambia; the WAFF served with distinction in both East and West Africa during World War I; in 1928, it received royal recognition and was re-named the Royal West African Frontier Force (RWAFF); the RWAFF went on to serve in World War II as part of the British 81st and 82nd (West African) divisions in the East Africa and Burma campaigns; in 1956, the Nigeria Regiment of the RWAFF was renamed the Nigerian Military Forces (NMF) and in 1958, the colonial government of Nigeria took over control of the NMF from the British War Office; the Nigerian Armed Forces were established following independence in 1960
" + "text": "as of 2022, the Nigerian military was sub-Saharan Africa’s largest and regarded as one of its most capable forces; it was focused largely on internal security and faced a number of challenges that have stretched its resources, however; the military was deployed in all 36 of the country's states; in the northeast, it was conducting counterinsurgency/counter-terrorist operations against the Boko Haram (BH) and Islamic State in West Africa (ISWA) terrorist groups, where it has deployed as many as 70,000 troops at times and jihadist-related violence has killed an estimated 35-40,000 people, mostly civilians, since 2009 (as of late 2021); in the northwest, it faced growing threats from criminal gangs, bandits, and violence associated with historical and ongoing farmer-herder conflicts, as well as BH and ISWA terrorists; bandits in the northwest were estimated to number in the low 10,000s and violence there has killed more than 10,000 since the mid-2010s; the military also continued to protect the oil industry in the Niger Delta region against militants and criminal activity, although the levels of violence there have decreased in recent years; in May 2021, a contingent of military troops and police were deployed to eastern Nigeria to quell renewed agitation for a state of Biafra (Biafra seceded from Nigeria in the late 1960s, sparking a civil war that caused more than 1 million deaths)the Nigerian military traces its origins to the Nigeria Regiment of the West African Frontier Force (WAFF), a multi-regiment force formed by the British colonial office in 1900 to garrison the West African colonies of Nigeria (Lagos and the protectorates of Northern and Southern Nigeria), Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, and Gambia; the WAFF served with distinction in both East and West Africa during World War I; in 1928, it received royal recognition and was re-named the Royal West African Frontier Force (RWAFF); the RWAFF went on to serve in World War II as part of the British 81st and 82nd (West African) divisions in the East Africa and Burma campaigns; in 1956, the Nigeria Regiment of the RWAFF was renamed the Nigerian Military Forces (NMF) and in 1958, the colonial government of Nigeria took over control of the NMF from the British War Office; the Nigerian Armed Forces were established following independence in 1960
" }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2021, there were 34 reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea region; although a significant decrease from the total number of 81 incidents in 2020, it included the one hijacking and three of five ships fired upon worldwide; while boarding and attempted boarding to steal valuables from ships and crews are the most common types of incidents, almost a third of all incidents involve a hijacking and/or kidnapping; in 2021, 57 crew members were kidnapped in seven separate incidents in the Gulf of Guinea, representing 100% of kidnappings worldwide; Nigerian pirates in particular are well armed and very aggressive, operating as far as 200 nm offshore; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2022-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 4 January 2022, which states in part, \"Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea\"
" diff --git a/africa/od.json b/africa/od.json index ebb62787..c5b7aba5 100644 --- a/africa/od.json +++ b/africa/od.json @@ -917,10 +917,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "200 (2019)" + "text": "200 (2020)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "less than 1 (2019 est.)" + "text": "less than 1 (2020 est.)" } } }, @@ -976,7 +976,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "3 (2020)" + "text": "3 (2021)" }, "Railways": { "total": { @@ -1034,7 +1034,7 @@ "note": "note - in 2019, women made up less than 10% of the active military" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the South Sudan People’s Defense Force (SSPDF), formerly the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA), was founded as a guerrilla movement against the Sudanese Government in 1983 and participated in the Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005); the Juba Declaration that followed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005 unified the SPLA and the South Sudan Defense Forces (SSDF), the second-largest rebel militia remaining from the civil war, under the SPLA name; in 2017, the SPLA was renamed the South Sudan Defense Forces (SSDF) and in September 2018 was renamed again as the SSPDFthe RDF is widely regarded as one of Africa’s best trained and most capable and professional military forces; as of late 2021, over 5,000 RDF personnel were deployed on missions in the African countries of the Central African Republic, Mozambique, and South Sudan
" diff --git a/africa/se.json b/africa/se.json index 49bc8630..6b1a7420 100644 --- a/africa/se.json +++ b/africa/se.json @@ -546,17 +546,17 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Lafors Seselwa Demokratik or LSD [Martin AGLAE]the SANDF was created in 1994 to replace the South African Defense Force (SADF); the SANDF was opened to all South Africans who met military requirements, while the SADF was a mostly white force (only whites were subject to conscription) with non-whites only allowed to join in a voluntary capacity; the SANDF also absorbed members of the guerrilla and militia forces of the various anti-apartheid opposition groups, including the African National Congress, the Pan Africanist Congress, and the Inkatha Freedom Party, as well as the security forces of the formerly independent Bantustan homelands
as of 2021, the SANDF was one of Africa’s most capable militaries; it participated regularly in African and UN peacekeeping missions and had the ability to independently deploy throughout Africa; over the past decade, however, its operational readiness and modernization programs have been hampered by funding shortfalls
" diff --git a/africa/sg.json b/africa/sg.json index 1336c261..bf19b47e 100644 --- a/africa/sg.json +++ b/africa/sg.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Senegal is one of the few countries in the world with evidence of continuous human life from the Paleolithic era to present. Between the 14th and 16th centuries, the Jolof Empire ruled most of Senegal. Starting in the 15th century, Portugal, the Netherlands, France, and Great Britain traded along the Senegalese coast. Senegal’s location on the western tip of Africa made it a favorable base for the European slave trade. European powers used the Senegalese island of Goree as a base to purchase slaves from the warring chiefdoms on the mainland, and at the height of the slave trade in Senegal, over one-third of the Senegalese population was enslaved. In 1815, France abolished slavery and began expanding inland. During the second half of the 19th century, France took possession of Senegal as a French colony. In 1959, the French colonies of Senegal and French Sudan were merged and granted independence in 1960 as the Mali Federation. The union broke up after only a few months. In 1982, Senegal joined with The Gambia to form the nominal confederation of Senegambia. The envisaged integration of the two countries was never implemented, and the union dissolved in 1989.the Sudanese military has been a dominant force in the ruling of the country since its independence in 1956; in addition, the Sudanese military and security forces have a large role in the country's economy, reportedly controlling over 200 commercial companies, including businesses involved in gold mining, rubber production, agriculture, and meat exports
the United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has operated in the disputed Abyei region along the border between Sudan and South Sudan since 2011; UNISFA's mission includes ensuring security, protecting civilians, strengthening the capacity of the Abyei Police Service, de-mining, monitoring/verifying the redeployment of armed forces from the area, and facilitating the flow of humanitarian aid; UNISFA had about 3,800 personnel deployed as of November 2021the Sudanese military has been a dominant force in the ruling of the country since its independence in 1956; in addition, the Sudanese military and security forces have a large role in the country's economy, reportedly controlling over 200 commercial companies, including businesses involved in gold mining, rubber production, agriculture, and meat exports
the United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has operated in the disputed Abyei region along the border between Sudan and South Sudan since 2011; UNISFA's mission includes ensuring security, protecting civilians, strengthening the capacity of the Abyei Police Service, de-mining, monitoring/verifying the redeployment of armed forces from the area, and facilitating the flow of humanitarian aid; UNISFA had about 3,300 personnel deployed as of February 2022the first Togolese Army unit was created in 1963, while the Air Force was established in 1964; the Navy was not established until 1976; since its creation, the Togolese military has a history of interfering in the country’s politics with assassinations, coups, influence, and a large military crackdown in 2005 that killed hundreds; over the past decade, it has made some efforts to reform and professionalize; over the same period, the military has increased its role in UN peacekeeping activities and as of 2021, more than 10% of the Army was deployed on peacekeeping missions; Togolese police have also been deployed on peacekeeping operations, and Togo maintains a regional peacekeeping training center for military and police in Lome; the Navy and Air Force have increasingly focused on combating piracy and smuggling in the Gulf of Guinea
" diff --git a/africa/tp.json b/africa/tp.json index c3eb9f81..5895b206 100644 --- a/africa/tp.json +++ b/africa/tp.json @@ -1004,10 +1004,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "2,512 (2020)" + "text": "2,512 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "1.15 (2020 est.)" + "text": "1.15 (2021)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/ts.json b/africa/ts.json index 3d17a1f3..7048b456 100644 --- a/africa/ts.json +++ b/africa/ts.json @@ -1020,10 +1020,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "1,334,551 (2020)" + "text": "1,334,059 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "11.29 (2020 est.)" + "text": "11.29 (2021)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/tz.json b/africa/tz.json index e760a68a..7546bf72 100644 --- a/africa/tz.json +++ b/africa/tz.json @@ -1079,10 +1079,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "1,084,698 (2020)" + "text": "1,135,608 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "1.82 (2020 est.)" + "text": "1.9 (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -1221,7 +1221,7 @@ "text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; 6-year commitment (2-year contracts afterwards); selective conscription for 2 years of public service (2021)" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "450 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 830 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 125 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (Dec 2021)" + "text": "450 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 850 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 125 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (Feb 2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "in 2021-2022, Tanzania deployed additional troops to its border with Mozambique and contributed troops to the Southern African Development Community (SADC) intervention force that was assisting the Mozambique Government's fight against Islamic militants" diff --git a/africa/ug.json b/africa/ug.json index 64099d9e..91a65683 100644 --- a/africa/ug.json +++ b/africa/ug.json @@ -1071,10 +1071,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "34,596 (2020)" + "text": "58,594 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "less than 1 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.13 less than 1 (2021)" } } }, @@ -1190,10 +1190,10 @@ "text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military duty (men and women); 9-year service obligation (2021)" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "6,800 Somalia (6,200 AMISOM; 620 UNSOM); 250 Equatorial Guinea (2021)" + "text": "6,800 Somalia (6,200 AMISOM; 620 UNSOM); 250 Equatorial Guinea (2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the UPDF, which is constitutionally granted seats in parliament, is widely viewed as a key constituency for MUSEVENI; it has been used by MUSEVENI and the NRM to break up rallies, raid opposition offices, and surveil rival candidates
as of 2021, the UPDF was conducting operations along the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo (including cross-border operations) against a Congo-based (and formerly based in western Uganda) Ugandan rebel group, the Allied Democratic Front (ADF), which was designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organization by the US State Department in March 2021 as the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (ISIS-DRC; see Appendix T); in addition, elements of the UPDF were deployed in the northeast region of Karamoja against cattle rustlers and criminal gangs
beginning in 2012, the UPDF led regional efforts to pursue the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), a small, violent group of Ugandan origin that conducted widespread attacks against civilians in much of Central Africa; the UPDF withdrew from the mission in 2017 after declaring that the LRA no longer posed a security threat
Uganda intervened in the South Sudan civil war in 2013-2016 and UPDF forces have clashed with South Sudanese forces along the border as recently as 2020
the military traces its history back to the formation of the Uganda Rifles in 1895; the Uganda Rifles were merged with the Central Africa Regiment and the East Africa Rifles to form the King’s African Rifles (“KAR”) in 1902, which participated in both world wars; the UPDF was established in 1995
the UPDF, which is constitutionally granted seats in parliament, is widely viewed as a key constituency for MUSEVENI; it has been used by MUSEVENI and the NRM to break up rallies, raid opposition offices, and surveil rival candidates
as of 2022, the UPDF was conducting operations along the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo (including cross-border operations) against a Congo-based (and formerly based in western Uganda) Ugandan rebel group, the Allied Democratic Front (ADF), which was designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organization by the US State Department in March 2021 as the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (ISIS-DRC; see Appendix T); in addition, elements of the UPDF were deployed in the northeast region of Karamoja against cattle rustlers and criminal gangs
beginning in 2012, the UPDF led regional efforts to pursue the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), a small, violent group of Ugandan origin that conducted widespread attacks against civilians in much of Central Africa; the UPDF withdrew from the mission in 2017 after declaring that the LRA no longer posed a security threat
Uganda intervened in the South Sudan civil war in 2013-2016 and UPDF forces have clashed with South Sudanese forces along the border as recently as 2020
the military traces its history back to the formation of the Uganda Rifles in 1895; the Uganda Rifles were merged with the Central Africa Regiment and the East Africa Rifles to form the King’s African Rifles (“KAR”) in 1902, which participated in both world wars; the UPDF was established in 1995
the Zambian Defense Force (ZDF) traces its roots to the Northern Rhodesia Regiment, which was raised by the British colonial government to fight in World War II; the ZDF was established in 1964 from units of the dissolved Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland armed forces; it participated in a number of regional conflicts during the 1970s and 1980s; Zambia actively supported independence movements such as the Union for the Total Liberation of Angola (UNITA), the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU), the African National Congress of South Africa (ANC), and the South-West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO)
" diff --git a/africa/zi.json b/africa/zi.json index 7094cae1..237476c4 100644 --- a/africa/zi.json +++ b/africa/zi.json @@ -1052,10 +1052,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "203,461 (2020)" + "text": "203,461 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "1.37 (2020 est.)" + "text": "1.37 (2021)" } } }, diff --git a/antarctica/ay.json b/antarctica/ay.json index cc75a16c..5c6e5abb 100644 --- a/antarctica/ay.json +++ b/antarctica/ay.json @@ -103,6 +103,9 @@ }, "Legal system": { "text": "Antarctica is administered through annual meetings - known as Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings - which include consultative member nations, non-consultative member nations, observer organizations, and expert organizations; decisions from these meetings are carried out by these member nations (with respect to their own nationals and operations) in accordance with their own national laws; more generally, the Antarctic Treaty area, that is to all areas between 60 and 90 degrees south latitude, is subject to a number of relevant legal instruments and procedures adopted by the states party to the Antarctic Treaty; note - US law, including certain criminal offenses by or against US nationals, such as murder, may apply extraterritoriality; some US laws directly apply to Antarctica; for example, the Antarctic Conservation Act, 16 U.S.C. section 2401 et seq., provides civil and criminal penalties for the following activities unless authorized by regulation or statute: the taking of native mammals or birds; the introduction of nonindigenous plants and animals; entry into specially protected areas; the discharge or disposal of pollutants; and the importation into the US of certain items from Antarctica; violation of the Antarctic Conservation Act carries penalties of up to $10,000 in fines and one year in prison; the National Science Foundation and Department of Justice share enforcement responsibilities; Public Law 95-541, the US Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978, as amended in 1996, requires expeditions from the US to Antarctica to notify, in advance, the Office of Oceans and Polar Affairs, Room 2665, Department of State, Washington, DC 20520, which reports such plans to other nations as required by the Antarctic Treaty; for more information, contact antarctica@state.gov" + }, + "Flag description": { + "text": "unofficial; a True South flag, created in 2018, has quickly become popular for its simple yet elegant design and has been used by various National Antarctic Programs, Antarctic nonprofits, and expedition teams; the flag's meaning is described as: horizontal stripes of navy and white represent the long days and nights at Antarctica's extreme latitude; in the center, a lone white peak erupts from a field of snow and ice, echoing those of the bergs, mountains, and pressure ridges that define the Antarctic horizon; the long shadow it casts forms the unmistakable shape of a compass arrow pointed south, an homage to the continent's legacy of exploration; together, the two center shapes create a diamond, symbolizing the hope that Antarctica will continue to be a center of peace, discovery, and cooperation for generations to come" } }, "Economy": { @@ -166,7 +169,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "53 (2012)", + "text": "53 (2021)", "note": "note: all year-round and seasonal stations operated by National Antarctic Programs stations have some kind of helicopter landing facilities, prepared (helipads) or unprepared" }, "Ports and terminals": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/as.json b/australia-oceania/as.json index 61d5bbf4..6c4ed116 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/as.json +++ b/australia-oceania/as.json @@ -1033,10 +1033,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "8,937,550 (2020)" + "text": "9,099,619 Total includes both NBN and non-NBN subscriptions. (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "35.05 (2020 est.)" + "text": "35.68 (2021)" } } }, @@ -1098,7 +1098,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "637 km condensate/gas, 30054 km gas, 240 km liquid petroleum gas, 3609 km oil, 110 km oil/gas/water, 72 km refined products (2013)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/bp.json b/australia-oceania/bp.json index 6e079e81..5d8c2e0c 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/bp.json +++ b/australia-oceania/bp.json @@ -956,10 +956,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "1,045 (2019)" + "text": "1,000 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "less than 1 (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.15 less than 1 (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -1009,7 +1009,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "3 (2013)" + "text": "3 (2021)" }, "Roadways": { "total": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/cq.json b/australia-oceania/cq.json index 52a87c8e..d4fbbecb 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/cq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/cq.json @@ -741,7 +741,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1 (2021)" }, "Roadways": { "total": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/cw.json b/australia-oceania/cw.json index 4d62cc95..829a0f20 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/cw.json +++ b/australia-oceania/cw.json @@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ } }, "Agricultural products": { - "text": "vegetables, coconuts, roots/tubers nes, cassava, papayas, tomatoes, pork, fruit, sweet potatoes, mangoes/guavas" + "text": "vegetables, coconuts, roots/tubers, cassava, papayas, tomatoes, pork, fruit, sweet potatoes, mangoes/guavas" }, "Industries": { "text": "fishing, fruit processing, tourism, clothing, handicrafts" @@ -785,10 +785,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "2,700 (2013)" + "text": "3,000 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "15.14 (2013)" + "text": "17.08 (2021)" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/fj.json b/australia-oceania/fj.json index ac11cc22..a8581757 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fj.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fj.json @@ -995,18 +995,18 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "634,100 (2021 est.)" + "text": "676,200 (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "49.97% (2019 est.)" + "text": "74.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "13,033 (2018 est.)" + "text": "23,062 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "1.38 (2019 est.)" + "text": "2.57 (2021)" } } }, @@ -1127,7 +1127,7 @@ "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; mandatory retirement at age 55 (2021)" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "170 Egypt (MFO); 160 Iraq (UNAMI); 150 Golan Heights (UNDOF) (Oct 2021)" + "text": "170 Egypt (MFO); 160 Iraq (UNAMI); 150 Golan Heights (UNDOF) (Jan 2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "the RFMF consists of only 1 infantry regiment and a small naval element with a few patrol boats; as of 2021, it did not possess any aircraft
the RFMF has a history of intervening in the country’s politics since the late 1980s, including coups in 1987 and 2006, and a mutiny in 2000
the RFMF also has a long tradition of participating in UN peacekeeping operations; since its first deployment of troops to South Lebanon in 1978 under the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL), it has deployed troops on nearly 20 additional UN missions
" diff --git a/australia-oceania/fm.json b/australia-oceania/fm.json index 3cb79d31..0dead53e 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fm.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fm.json @@ -906,10 +906,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "3,776 (2018 est.)" + "text": "6,000 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "3.39 (2019 est.)" + "text": "5.52 (2021 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/fp.json b/australia-oceania/fp.json index b9613e2c..59115e03 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fp.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fp.json @@ -850,18 +850,18 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "204,800 (2021 est.)" + "text": "206,000 (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "72.7% (2019 est.)" + "text": "72.7% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "59,790 (2018 est.)" + "text": "64,000 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "20.89 (2019 est.)" + "text": "22.78 (2021)" } } }, @@ -911,7 +911,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1 (2021)" }, "Roadways": { "total": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/gq.json b/australia-oceania/gq.json index 03eee465..71ddb2b9 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/gq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/gq.json @@ -775,10 +775,10 @@ }, "Telephones - mobile cellular": { "total subscriptions": { - "text": "98,000 (2004 est.)" + "text": "190,200 (2022 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "61.99 (2004 est.)" + "text": "111.3 (2022 est.)" } }, "Telecommunication systems": { @@ -801,18 +801,18 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "136,500 (2021 est.)" + "text": "137,600 (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "80.51% (2019 est.)" + "text": "80.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "3,000 (2014)" + "text": "3,000 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "1.86 (2019)" + "text": "1.78 (2021)" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/kr.json b/australia-oceania/kr.json index b5721360..f4b07bf1 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/kr.json +++ b/australia-oceania/kr.json @@ -936,10 +936,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "185 (2020)" + "text": "185 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "1 less than 1 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.15 less than 1 (2021 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/nc.json b/australia-oceania/nc.json index b36d3e50..659dc43e 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nc.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nc.json @@ -461,19 +461,19 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017); represented by High Commissioner Laurent PREVOST (since 5 August 2019)" + "text": "President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017); represented by High Commissioner Patrice FAURE (since 6 June 2021)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "President of the Government Thierry SANTA (since 9 July 2019); Temporary Vice President Gilbert TUIENON (since 9 July 2019); note - Temporary Vice President Gilbert TUIENON was elected so that the new government could take over; Philippe GERMAIN' s government remained caretaker government until the new government was settled" + "text": "President of the Government Louis MAPOU (since 22 July 2021); Vice President Isabelle CHAMPMOREAU (since 22 July 2021)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet elected from and by the Territorial Congress" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "French president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); high commissioner appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of New Caledonia elected by Territorial Congress for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 13 June 2017 (next to be held in 2022)" + "text": "French president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); high commissioner appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of New Caledonia elected by Territorial Congress for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 8 July 2022 (next to be held in 2027)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Thierry SANTA elected president by Territorial Congress with 6 votes out of 11" + "text": "Louis MAPOU elected president by Territorial Congress with 6 votes out of 11" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -872,10 +872,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "55,371 (2016)" + "text": "55,000 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "20.43 (2019)" + "text": "19.26 (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -919,7 +919,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "8 (2013)" + "text": "8 (2021)" }, "Roadways": { "total": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/ne.json b/australia-oceania/ne.json index 8fe46d6d..3afe50f5 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ne.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ne.json @@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor-General of New Zealand Dame Patricia Lee REDDY (since 28 September 2016); the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner Kirk YATES (since May 2018)" + "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor-General of New Zealand Cindy KIRO (since 21 October 2021); the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner Helen TUNNAH (since July 2020)" }, "head of government": { "text": "Premier Dalton TAGELAGI (since 10 June 2020)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/nh.json b/australia-oceania/nh.json index ba8d19f3..6a69e357 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nh.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nh.json @@ -953,10 +953,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "2,785 (2020)" + "text": "2,785 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "less than 1 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.91 less than 1 (2021)" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/nr.json b/australia-oceania/nr.json index f9dd36c8..f0f6e642 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nr.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nr.json @@ -878,7 +878,7 @@ "text": "950 (2010)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "9.5 (2018)" + "text": "9.5 (2010)" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/nz.json b/australia-oceania/nz.json index 74072cf4..2cb3285c 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nz.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nz.json @@ -1007,10 +1007,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "1.647 million (2018)" + "text": "1,764,984 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "33.67 (2019 est.)" + "text": "36.6 (2021)" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/pc.json b/australia-oceania/pc.json index c0b21367..fc7ebc43 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/pc.json +++ b/australia-oceania/pc.json @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ } }, "Natural resources": { - "text": "miro trees (used for handicrafts), fish, note, manganese, iron, copper, gold, silver, and zinc have been discovered offshore" + "text": "miro trees (used for handicrafts), fish; note - manganese, iron, copper, gold, silver, and zinc have been discovered offshore" }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/ps.json b/australia-oceania/ps.json index afefc52f..5ddc2dba 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ps.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ps.json @@ -874,10 +874,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "1,224 (2016)" + "text": "1,224 (2015)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "6.93 (2018)" + "text": "6.93 (2015)" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/rm.json b/australia-oceania/rm.json index 96be01ae..840d4094 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/rm.json +++ b/australia-oceania/rm.json @@ -958,10 +958,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "1,000 (2017 est.)" + "text": "1,000 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "1.72 (2019 est.)" + "text": "1.69 (2021 est.)" } }, "Communications - note": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/tn.json b/australia-oceania/tn.json index ccf238bc..5b4329f6 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tn.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tn.json @@ -986,10 +986,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "3,703 (2019)" + "text": "5,000 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "3.54 (2019 est.)" + "text": "4.73 (2021 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/tv.json b/australia-oceania/tv.json index 15882c63..d0f68a13 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tv.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tv.json @@ -843,7 +843,7 @@ "text": "450 (2017 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "3.96 (2019 est.)" + "text": "3.96 (2017 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/wf.json b/australia-oceania/wf.json index 1a7b6225..f1e9bfc1 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/wf.json +++ b/australia-oceania/wf.json @@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ "text": "Polynesian" }, "Languages": { - "text": "Wallisian (indigenous Polynesian language) 58.9%, Futunian 30.1%, French (official) 10.8%, other 0.2% (2003 census)" + "text": "Wallisian (indigenous Polynesian language) 58.9%, Futunian 30.1%, French (official) 10.8%, other 0.2% (2003 est.)" }, "Religions": { "text": "Roman Catholic 99%, other 1%" diff --git a/australia-oceania/ws.json b/australia-oceania/ws.json index f8eb1bad..3d8dfbe5 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ws.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ws.json @@ -977,10 +977,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "1,692 (2017 est.)" + "text": "1,692 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "less than 1 (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.85 less than 1 (2021 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json index 32d76419..08979b1f 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json @@ -854,10 +854,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "19,000 (2018)" + "text": "19,000 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "18.21 (2018 est.)" + "text": "17.8 (2021)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json index a02d07e2..ba4b2584 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json @@ -895,10 +895,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "9,261 (2017 est.)" + "text": "8,000 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "10 (2017 est.)" + "text": "8.17 (2021)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json index 1666c82d..a96767c3 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json @@ -702,8 +702,11 @@ } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { + "total": { + "text": "5,000 (2021 est.)" + }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "35.02 (2019)" + "text": "33.33 (2021)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json index 50ac63bb..89f3e989 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json @@ -970,10 +970,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "106,803 (2019)" + "text": "128,000 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "37.21 (2019 est.)" + "text": "44.54 (2021)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json index 9a53088f..b8ac27d7 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json @@ -900,18 +900,18 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "338,900 (2021 est.)" + "text": "338,900 (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "85% (2019 est.)" + "text": "85% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "82,295 (2019)" + "text": "83,000 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "21.13 (2019 est.)" + "text": "21.11 (2021)" } } }, @@ -970,7 +970,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1 (2021)" }, "Roadways": { "total": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json index 29821a26..8f1ddce2 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json @@ -991,10 +991,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "29,600 (2019)" + "text": "36,000 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "7.58 (2019 est.)" + "text": "9.05 (2021)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json index fa7bd58c..b3e1faf4 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json @@ -813,10 +813,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "31,232 (2017 est.)" + "text": "3,200 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "49.28 (2017 est.)" + "text": "48.69 (2021)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json index ec017f64..b8725a0e 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Although explored by the Spanish early in the 16th century, initial attempts at colonizing Costa Rica proved unsuccessful due to a combination of factors, including disease from mosquito-infested swamps, brutal heat, resistance by natives, and pirate raids. It was not until 1563 that a permanent settlement of Cartago was established in the cooler, fertile central highlands. The area remained a colony for some two and a half centuries. In 1821, Costa Rica became one of several Central American provinces that jointly declared their independence from Spain. Two years later it joined the United Provinces of Central America, but this federation disintegrated in 1838, at which time Costa Rica proclaimed its sovereignty and independence. Since the late 19th century, only two brief periods of violence have marred the country's democratic development. On 1 December 1948, Costa Rica dissolved its armed forces. Although it still maintains a large agricultural sector, Costa Rica has expanded its economy to include strong technology and tourism industries. The standard of living is relatively high. Land ownership is widespread." + "text": "Although explored by the Spanish early in the 16th century, initial attempts at colonizing Costa Rica proved unsuccessful due to a combination of factors, including disease from mosquito-infested swamps, brutal heat, resistance by indigenous populations, and pirate raids. It was not until 1563 that a permanent settlement of Cartago was established in the cooler, fertile central highlands. The area remained a colony for some two and a half centuries. In 1821, Costa Rica became one of several Central American provinces that jointly declared their independence from Spain. Two years later it joined the United Provinces of Central America, but this federation disintegrated in 1838, at which time Costa Rica proclaimed its sovereignty and independence. Since the late 19th century, only two brief periods of violence have marred the country's democratic development. On 1 December 1948, Costa Rica dissolved its armed forces. Although it still maintains a large agricultural sector, Costa Rica has expanded its economy to include strong technology and tourism industries. The standard of living is relatively high. Land ownership is widespread." } }, "Geography": { @@ -1040,10 +1040,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "992,725 (2020)" + "text": "992,725 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "19.49 (2020 est.)" + "text": "19.49 (2021)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json index 589d177f..9f6a7235 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json @@ -1007,10 +1007,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "231,654 (2020)" + "text": "231,654 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "2.05 (2020 est.)" + "text": "2.05 (2021)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json index 0457bff8..867c837a 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json @@ -860,10 +860,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "11,514 (2018)" + "text": "11,514 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "16.08 (2018 est.)" + "text": "22.23 (2021)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json index 110c0f0d..41db33e7 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json @@ -1051,10 +1051,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "1,031,858 (2020)" + "text": "1,031,858 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "9.51 (2020 est.)" + "text": "9.51 (2021)" } } }, @@ -1110,7 +1110,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "27 km gas, 103 km oil (2013)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json index c0a069f3..528f4c97 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json @@ -1030,10 +1030,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "525,088 (2019)" + "text": "586,000 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "8.14 (2019 est.)" + "text": "9.03 (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -1092,7 +1092,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2 (2021)" }, "Railways": { "total": { @@ -1167,7 +1167,7 @@ "note": "note - as of 2016, women made up about 6% of the active duty military" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "175 Mali (MINUSMA) (Oct 2021)" + "text": "175 Mali (MINUSMA) (Jan 2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "the National Civilian Police (Ministry of Justice and Public Security) is responsible for maintaining public security, while the Ministry of Defense is responsible for maintaining national security; the constitution separates public security and military functions, but allows the president to use the armed forces in exceptional circumstances to maintain internal peace and public security; Salvadoran presidents have deployed military troops for internal security duties for years, and President BUKELE has continued the tradition; in November 2019, he signed a decree authorizing military involvement in police duties to combat gang violence, organized crime, and narcotics trafficking, as well as assisting with border security; as of 2021, about half of the Army was reportedly deployed in support of the National Police
" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json index 9d47543b..84691889 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json @@ -879,10 +879,10 @@ }, "Telephones - mobile cellular": { "total subscriptions": { - "text": "113,177 (2018)" + "text": "1.336 million (2022)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "102.1 (2019 est.)" + "text": "117.9 (2022 est.)" } }, "Telecommunication systems": { @@ -905,18 +905,18 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "66,600 (2021 est.)" + "text": "66,900 (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "59.07% (2019 est.)" + "text": "59.01% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "25,577 (2019)" + "text": "32,000 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "22.84 (2019 est.)" + "text": "28.44 (2021)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json index 36d502ef..38f027d2 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json @@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ "text": "Guatemala" }, "etymology": { - "text": "the Spanish conquistadors used many native Americans as allies in their conquest of Guatemala; the site of their first capital (established in 1524), a former Maya settlement, was called \"Quauhtemallan\" by their Nahuatl-speaking Mexican allies, a name that means \"land of trees\" or \"forested land\", but which the Spanish pronounced \"Guatemala\"; the Spanish applied that name to a re founded capital city three years later and eventually it became the name of the country" + "text": "the Spanish conquistadors used many native Americans as allies in their conquest of Guatemala; the site of their first capital (established in 1524), a former Maya settlement, was called \"Quauhtemallan\" by their Nahuatl-speaking Mexican allies, a name that means \"land of trees\" or \"forested land\", but which the Spanish pronounced \"Guatemala\"; the Spanish applied that name to a re-founded capital city three years later and eventually it became the name of the country" } }, "Government type": { @@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ "text": "UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, "etymology": { - "text": "the Spanish conquistadors used many native Americans as allies in their conquest of Guatemala; the site of their first capital (established in 1524), a former Maya settlement, was called \"Quauhtemallan\" by their Nahuatl-speaking Mexican allies, a name that means \"land of trees\" or \"forested land\", but which the Spanish pronounced \"Guatemala\"; the Spanish applied that name to a re founded capital city three years later and eventually it became the name of the country" + "text": "the Spanish conquistadors used many native Americans as allies in their conquest of Guatemala; the site of their first capital (established in 1524), a former Maya settlement, was called \"Quauhtemallan\" by their Nahuatl-speaking Mexican allies, a name that means \"land of trees\" or \"forested land\", but which the Spanish pronounced \"Guatemala\"; the Spanish applied that name to a re-founded capital city three years later and eventually it became the name of the country" } }, "Administrative divisions": { @@ -1016,10 +1016,10 @@ }, "Telephones - mobile cellular": { "total subscriptions": { - "text": "20,390,671 (2020)" + "text": "20.26 million (2022)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "113.8 (2020 est.)" + "text": "110 Note that many people around the world make use of more than one mobile connection – for example, they might have one connection for personal use, and another one for work – so it’s not unusual for mobile connection figures to significantly exceed figures for total population. (2022 est.)" } }, "Telecommunication systems": { @@ -1042,18 +1042,18 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "11.75 million (2021 est.)" + "text": "11.97 million (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "65% (2019 est.)" + "text": "65% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "531,000 (2017 est.)" + "text": "612,000 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "3.14 (2019 est.)" + "text": "3.42 (2021)" } } }, @@ -1115,7 +1115,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "480 km oil (2013)" @@ -1189,7 +1189,7 @@ "note": "note - as of 2017, women made up an estimated 5-10% of the active military" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "155 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) (Oct 2021)" + "text": "155 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) (Jan 2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "since the 2000s, the Guatemalan Government has frequently used the Army to support the National Civil Police (PNC; under the Ministry of Government) in internal security operations (as permitted by the constitution) to combat organized crime, gang violence, and narco-trafficking
the military held power during most of the country’s 36-year civil war (1960-1996) and conducted a campaign of widespread violence and repression, particularly against the country’s majority indigenous population; more than 200,000 people were estimated to have been killed or disappeared during the conflict
" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json index 2ee4948f..8c2c82cb 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json @@ -561,13 +561,13 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "bicameral legislature or le Corps l'egislatif ou le Parlement consists of:as of 2022, there were approximately 20 ethnic-based armed groups operating in Burma with strengths of a few hundred up to more than 20,000 estimated fighters; they reportedly controlled about one-third of the country’s territory, primarily in the border regions; key groups included the United Wa State Army, Karen National Union, Kachin Independence Army, Arakan Army, Ta’ang National Liberation Army, and the Myanmar Nationalities Democratic Alliance Army
in 2015, the Burmese Government signed a Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA) with eight mostly small armed groups, including the All Burma Students’ Democratic Front, Arakan Liberation Party, Chin National Front, Democratic Karen Benevolent Army, Karen National Liberation Army-Peace Council, Karen National Union, Pa-O National Liberation Organization, and the Shan State Army-South; seven other groups did not sign the NCA, but have since signed bi-lateral ceasefires with the Burmese Government, including the National Democratic Alliance Army, Shan State Army, New Mon State Army, Karenni Army, National Socialist Council of Nagaland–Khaplang, and the United Wa State Army, which in 2021 was assessed to be the largest and most capable group, with more than 20,000 fighters; others, including the Arakan Army (Chin, Kachin, Rakhine, Shan states), Kachin Independence Army (Kachin state), Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (Shan state), Shanni Nationalities Army (Kachin state), and Taang National Liberation Army (Shan state) continued to engage in active insurgent operations against the Burmese Government in 2021; in 2021, the Karen National Union and Chin National Front resumed fighting with the Burmese military
as of 2021, Burma also had a large number (estimates run into the thousands) of armed militias which took many different forms and varied in allegiances and size; most were pro-military government and associated with the Tatmadaw; some were integrated within the Tatmadaw’s command structure as Border Guard Forces (BGF); the BGF were organized as 325-man battalions, which included a mix of militia forces, ethnic armed groups, and government soldiers; they were armed, supplied, and paid by the Tatmadaw; other pro-military government militias were not integrated within the Tatmadaw command structure, but received direction from the military and were recognized as government militias; the amount of support they received from the Tatmadaw varied depending on local security conditions; the third type of pro-military government militias were small community-based units that were armed, coordinated, and trained by local Tatmadaw forces and activated as needed; as of 2022, the military government was reportedly raising new militia units to help combat the popular uprising
as of 2022, the armed wing of Burma's pro-democracy movement contained hundreds of local groups of fighters known collectively as the People's Defense Force
since the country's founding, the armed forces have been heavily involved in domestic politics, running the country for five decades following a military coup in 1962; prior to the 2021 coup, the military already controlled three key security ministries (Defense, Border, and Home Affairs), one of two vice presidential appointments, 25% of the parliamentary seats, and had a proxy political party, the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP)
as of 2022, the military owned and operated two business conglomerates that had over 100 subsidiaries and close ties to other companies; the business activities of these conglomerates included banking and insurance, hotels, tourism, jade and ruby mining, timber, construction, real estate, and the production of palm oil, sugar, soap, cement, beverages, drinking water, coal, and gas; some of the companies supplied goods and services to the military, such as food, clothing, insurance, and cellphone service; the military also managed a film industry, publishing houses, and television stations
as of 2022, the military's primary operational focus was internal security, particularly attempts to quell civilian armed resistance to the coup and counterinsurgency operations against ethnic-based insurgent groups; these operations have resulted in numerous civilian casualties, human rights abuses, and internal displacement
ethnic-based armed groups have been fighting against the Burmese Government since the country’s 1948 independence; as of 2022, there were approximately 20 such groups operating in Burma with strengths of a few hundred up to more than 20,000 estimated fighters; they reportedly controlled about one-third of the country’s territory, primarily in the border regions; key groups included the United Wa State Army, Karen National Union, Kachin Independence Army, Arakan Army, Ta’ang National Liberation Army, and the Myanmar Nationalities Democratic Alliance Army
as of 2022, 10 ethnic ethnic armed groups had signed a 2015 Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement with the government; following the 2021 coup, several armed ethnic groups have added their support to anti-junta resistance groups or joined forces with local units of the armed wing of Burma's pro-democracy movement, known collectively as the People's Defense Force (PDF); the PDF consisted of hundreds of loosely-organized groups of fighters
as of 2022, Burma also had a large number (estimates run into the thousands) of armed militias which took many different forms and varied in allegiances and size; most were pro-military government and associated with the Tatmadaw; some were integrated within the Tatmadaw’s command structure as Border Guard Forces (BGF); the BGF were organized as 325-man battalions, which included a mix of militia forces, ethnic armed groups, and government soldiers; they were armed, supplied, and paid by the Tatmadaw; other pro-military government militias were not integrated within the Tatmadaw command structure, but received direction from the military and were recognized as government militias; the amount of support they received from the Tatmadaw varied depending on local security conditions; the third type of pro-military government militias were small community-based units that were armed, coordinated, and trained by local Tatmadaw forces and activated as needed; as of 2022, the military government was reportedly raising new militia units to help combat the popular uprising
the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF) was re-established in 1993 under the first coalition government from the merger of the Cambodian Government’s military forces (Cambodian People’s Armed Forces) and the two non-communist resistance forces (Sihanoukist National Army, aka National Army for Khmer Independence, and the Khmer People's National Liberation Armed Forces); thousands of communist Khmer Rouge fighters began surrendering by 1994 under a government amnesty program and the last of the Khmer Rouge forces (National Army of Democratic Kampuchea) were demobilized or absorbed into the RCAF in 1999
" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json index edd42690..6f577b5a 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json @@ -1075,10 +1075,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "483.55 million (2020)" + "text": "483,549,500 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "33.6 (2020 est.)" + "text": "33.6 (2021)" } } }, @@ -1146,7 +1146,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "39 (2019)" + "text": "39 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "76000 km gas, 30400 km crude oil, 27700 km refined petroleum products, 797000 km water (2018)" @@ -1229,7 +1229,7 @@ "text": "18-22 years of age for selective compulsory military service, with a 2-year service obligation; no minimum age for voluntary service (all officers are volunteers); 18-19 years of age for women high school graduates who meet requirements for specific military jobs (2021)" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "425 Mali (MINUSMA); 230 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 420 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 1,050 South Sudan (UNMISS); up to 2,000 Djibouti (Oct 2021)" + "text": "425 Mali (MINUSMA); 225 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 420 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 1,050 South Sudan (UNMISS); up to 2,000 Djibouti (Feb 2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "
established in 1927, the PLA is the military arm of the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP), which oversees the PLA through its Central Military Commission; the Central Military Commission is China’s top military decision making body
the PRC's internal security forces consist primarily of the Ministry of Public Security (MPS), the Ministry of State Security (MSS), the People’s Armed Police (PAP), and the militia; the PLA support the internal security forces as necessary:
the MPS controls the civilian national police, which serves as the first-line force for public order; its primary mission is domestic law enforcement and maintaining order, including anti-rioting and anti-terrorism
the MSS is China’s main civilian intelligence and counterintelligence service
the PAP is a paramilitary component of the PLA; its primary missions include internal security, maintaining public order, maritime security, and assisting the PLA in times of war; it is under the command of the Central Military Commission (CMC); the China Coast Guard (CCG) administratively falls under the PAP; the CCG has a variety of missions, such as maritime sovereignty enforcement, surveillance, resource protection, anti-smuggling, and general law enforcement
the militia is an armed reserve of civilians which serves as an auxiliary and reserve force for the PLA upon mobilization; it is distinct from the PLA’s reserve forces; militia units are organized around towns, villages, urban sub-districts, and enterprises, and vary widely in composition and mission; they have dual civilian-military command structures; a key component of the militia are the local maritime forces, commonly referred to as the People’s Armed Forces Maritime Militia (PAFMM); the PAFMM consists of mariners (and their vessels) who receive training, equipment, and other forms of support from the Navy and CCG (although the PAFMM remains separate from both) to perform tasks such as maritime patrolling, surveillance and reconnaissance, emergency/disaster response, transportation, search and rescue, and auxiliary tasks in support of naval operations in wartime; the PAFMM’s tasks are often conducted in conjunction or coordination with the Navy and the CCG; it has been used to assert Chinese maritime claims in the East and South China seas
" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json index e0f10de1..4ae74612 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json @@ -884,10 +884,10 @@ }, "Telephones - mobile cellular": { "total subscriptions": { - "text": "21,865,215 (2020)" + "text": "13.78 million (2022)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "291.7 (2020 est.)" + "text": "182 (2022)" } }, "Telecommunication systems": { @@ -910,18 +910,18 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "6.92 million (2021 est.)" + "text": "7.05 million (2022)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "92.41% (2020 est.)" + "text": "93% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "2,871,081 (2020)" + "text": "2,885,586 Figure as of March 2021. From January 2019 onwards, the statistics are compiled in terms of the number of \"access lines\" provided by ISPs, while it was in terms of the number of \"registered customer accounts\" prior to that. (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "38.3 (2020 est.)" + "text": "38.49 (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -960,7 +960,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "9 (2013)" + "text": "9 (2021)" }, "Roadways": { "total": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json index 0715088d..4d9b7f9f 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json @@ -1046,10 +1046,10 @@ }, "Telephones - mobile cellular": { "total subscriptions": { - "text": "355,748,606 (2020)" + "text": "370.1 million (2022)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "130.1 (2020 est.)" + "text": "133.3 (2022)" } }, "Telecommunication systems": { @@ -1072,18 +1072,18 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "202.6 million (2021 est.)" + "text": "204.7 million (2022)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "53.73% (2020 est.)" + "text": "73.7% (2022)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "10,713,107 (2020)" + "text": "11,722,218 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "3.92 (2020 est.)" + "text": "4.29 (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -1145,7 +1145,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "76 (2013)" + "text": "76 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "1064 km condensate, 150 km condensate/gas, 11702 km gas, 119 km liquid petroleum gas, 7767 km oil, 77 km oil/gas/water, 728 km refined products, 53 km unknown, 44 km water (2013)" @@ -1228,7 +1228,7 @@ "text": "18-45 years of age for voluntary military service, with selective conscription authorized (males, age 18), but not utilized; 2-year service obligation, with reserve obligation to age 45 (officers) (2021)" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "230 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 1,030 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 1,230 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (Oct 2021)" + "text": "225 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 1,030 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 1,250 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (Jan 2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "as of 2022, Indonesian military and police forces were engaged in counter-insurgency operations in Papua against the West Papua Liberation Army, the military wing of the Free Papua Organization, which has been fighting a low-level insurgency since the 1960s when Indonesia annexed the former Dutch colony; since 2019, there has been an increase in militant activity in Papua and a larger Indonesian military presence; Papua was formally incorporated into Indonesia in 1969; in addition, the Indonesian military has been assisting police in Sulawesi in countering the Mujahideen Indonesia Timur (MIT; aka East Indonesia Mujahideen), a local Islamic State (ISIS)-affiliated terrorist groupJapan was disarmed after its defeat in World War II; shortly after the Korean War began in 1950, US occupation forces in Japan created a 75,000-member lightly armed force called the National Police Reserve; the current Self Defense Force was founded in 1954
in addition to having one of the region’s largest and best equipped militaries, Japan’s alliance with the US (signed in 1951) is one of the cornerstones of the country’s security, as well as a large part of the US security role in Asia; as of 2021, nearly 55,000 US troops and other military assets, including aircraft and naval ships, were stationed in Japan and have exclusive use of more than 80 bases and facilities; in exchange for their use, the US guarantees Japan’s security; the Japanese Government provides about $2 billion per year to offset the cost of stationing US forces in Japan; in addition, it pays compensation to localities hosting US troops, rent for bases, and costs for new facilities to support the US presence
Japan has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments
in addition to the invasion of South Korea and the subsequent Korean War (1950-53), North Korea from the 1960s to the 1980s launched a considerable number of limited military and subversive actions against South Korea using special forces and terrorist tactics; including aggressive skirmishes along the DMZ, overt attempts to assassinate South Korean leaders, kidnappings, the bombing of an airliner, and a failed effort in 1968 to foment an insurrection and conduct a guerrilla war in the South with more than 100 seaborne commandos; from the 1990s until 2010, the North lost two submarines and a semi-submersible boat attempting to insert infiltrators into the South (1996, 1998) and provoked several engagements in the Northwest Islands area along the disputed Northern Limit Line (NLL), including naval skirmishes between patrol boats in 1999 and 2002, the torpedoing and sinking of a South Korean corvette, the Cheonan, in 2010, and the bombardment of a South Korean Marine Corps installation on Yeonpyeong Island, also in 2010; since 2010, further minor incidents continue to occur periodically along the DMZ, where both the KPA and the South Korean military maintain large numbers of troops
in 2018, North Korea and South Korea signed a tension reduction agreement known as the Comprehensive Military Agreement (CMA), which established land, sea, and air buffer zones along the DMZ and the NLL; implementation of the CMA required the removal of some land mines and guard posts; the efforts led to a reduction of tension in the DMZ, but as of 2021 North Korea had failed to uphold much of its side of the agreement
the KPA was founded in 1948; Kim Jong Un is the KPA supreme commander, while operational control of the armed forces resides in the General Staff Department (GSD), which reports directly to Kim; the GSD maintains overall control of all military forces and is charged with turning Kim’s directives into operational military orders; the Ministry of National Defense (MND) is responsible for administrative control of the military and external relations with foreign militaries
as of 2022, North Korea’s growing ballistic missile program included close- (CRBM), short- (SRBM), medium- (MRBM), intermediate- (IRBM), and intercontinental- (ICBM) range ballistic missiles; the North received its first ballistic missiles, short-range FROGs (free rocket over ground), from the Soviet Union in the 1960s, but its modern ballistic missile program is generally thought to date back to the mid-1970s when it received a Soviet Scud-class missile, likely from Egypt; the North reverse-engineered the missile and developed an indigenously built version in 1984; it flight-tested its first Scud-based medium-range Nodong missile in 1990, and probably began development of the multi-stage Taepodong missiles around this time as well; the North revealed its first road-mobile ICBM in 2012 and conducted the first test of an ICBM-class system in 2017
North Korea in the 2010s and 2020s has increasingly relied on illicit activities — including cybercrime — to generate revenue for its weapons of mass destruction and ballistic missile programs to evade US and UN sanctions
" + "text": "
in addition to the invasion of South Korea and the subsequent Korean War (1950-53), North Korea from the 1960s to the 1980s launched a considerable number of limited military and subversive actions against South Korea using special forces and terrorist tactics; including aggressive skirmishes along the DMZ, overt attempts to assassinate South Korean leaders, kidnappings, the bombing of an airliner, and a failed effort in 1968 to foment an insurrection and conduct a guerrilla war in the South with more than 100 seaborne commandos; from the 1990s until 2010, the North lost two submarines and a semi-submersible boat attempting to insert infiltrators into the South (1996, 1998) and provoked several engagements in the Northwest Islands area along the disputed Northern Limit Line (NLL), including naval skirmishes between patrol boats in 1999 and 2002, the torpedoing and sinking of a South Korean corvette, the Cheonan, in 2010, and the bombardment of a South Korean Marine Corps installation on Yeonpyeong Island, also in 2010; since 2010, further minor incidents continue to occur periodically along the DMZ, where both the KPA and the South Korean military maintain large numbers of troops
in 2018, North Korea and South Korea signed a tension reduction agreement known as the Comprehensive Military Agreement (CMA), which established land, sea, and air buffer zones along the DMZ and the NLL; implementation of the CMA required the removal of some land mines and guard posts; the efforts led to a reduction of tension in the DMZ, but as of 2021 North Korea had failed to uphold much of its side of the agreement
the KPA was founded in 1948; Kim Jong Un is the KPA supreme commander, while operational control of the armed forces resides in the General Staff Department (GSD), which reports directly to Kim; the GSD maintains overall control of all military forces and is charged with turning Kim’s directives into operational military orders; the Ministry of National Defense (MND) is responsible for administrative control of the military and external relations with foreign militaries
as of 2022, North Korea’s growing ballistic missile program included close- (CRBM), short- (SRBM), medium- (MRBM), intermediate- (IRBM), and intercontinental- (ICBM) range ballistic missiles; the North received its first ballistic missiles, short-range FROGs (free rocket over ground), from the Soviet Union in the 1960s, but its modern ballistic missile program is generally thought to date back to the mid-1970s when it received a Soviet Scud-class missile, likely from Egypt; the North reverse-engineered the missile and developed an indigenously built version in 1984; it flight-tested its first Scud-based medium-range Nodong missile in 1990, and probably began development of the multi-stage Taepodong missiles around this time as well; the North revealed its first road-mobile ICBM in 2012 and conducted the first test of an ICBM-class system in 2017; it conducted additional ICBM tests in 2022
North Korea in the 2010s and 2020s has increasingly relied on illicit activities — including cybercrime — to generate revenue for its weapons of mass destruction and ballistic missile programs to evade US and UN sanctions
" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json index fef8d725..861ba219 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json @@ -553,13 +553,13 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Kuk Hoe (300 seats statutory); 253 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 47 directly elected in a single national constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Kuk Hoe (300 seats statutory; 253 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 47 directly elected in a single national constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { "text": "last held on 15 April 2020 (next to be held on 10 April 2024)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - DP/Together Citizens Party 180, UFP/Free Korea Party 103, JP 6, ODP 3, PP 3, independent 5; composition - men 249, women 51, percent of women 17%" + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - DP/Together Citizens Party 180, UFP/Free Korea Party 103, JP 6, ODP 3, PP 3, independent 5; composition - men 243, women 57, percent of women 19%" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -574,7 +574,8 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Democratic Party or DP [SONG Young-gil] (renamed from Minjoo Party of Korea or MPK in October 2016; formerly New Politics Alliance for Democracy or NPAD, which was a merger of the Democratic Party or DP (formerly DUP) [KIM Han-gil] and the New Political Vision Party or NPVP [AHN Cheol-soo] in March 2014)
the 1953 US-South Korea Mutual Defense Treaty is a cornerstone of South Korea’s security; the Treaty committed the US to provide assistance in the event of an attack, particularly from North Korea; in addition, the Treaty gave the US permission to station land, air, and sea forces in and about the territory of South Korea as determined by mutual agreement; as of 2021, the US maintained approximately 28,000 military personnel in the country
the South Korean military has assisted the US in conflicts in Afghanistan (5,000 troops; 2001-2014), Iraq (20,000 troops; 2003-2008), and Vietnam (325,000 troops; 1964-1973)
South Korea has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments
in 2016, South Korea concluded an agreement with the European Union for participation in EU Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) missions and operations, such as the EU Naval Force Somalia – Operation Atalanta, which protects maritime shipping and conducts counter-piracy operations off the coast of East Africa
South Korea has been engaged with NATO through dialogue and security cooperation since 2005 and is considered by NATO to be a global partner; it has participated in NATO-led missions and exercises, including leading an integrated civilian-military reconstruction team in Afghanistan as part of the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force, 2010-2013; it has also cooperated with NATO in countering the threat of piracy in the Gulf of Aden by providing naval vessels as escorts
in addition to the invasion of South Korea and the subsequent Korean War (1950-53), North Korea from the 1960s to the 1980s launched a considerable number of limited military and subversive actions against South Korea using special forces and terrorist tactics; including aggressive skirmishes along the DMZ, overt attempts to assassinate South Korean leaders, kidnappings, the bombing of an airliner, and a failed effort in 1968 to foment an insurrection and conduct a guerrilla war in the South with more than 100 seaborne commandos; from the 1990s until 2010, the North lost two submarines and a semi-submersible boat attempting to insert infiltrators into the South (1996, 1998) and provoked several engagements in the Northwest Islands area along the disputed Northern Limit Line (NLL), including naval skirmishes between patrol boats in 1999 and 2002, the torpedoing and sinking of a South Korean corvette, the Cheonan, in 2010, and the bombardment of a South Korean Marine Corps installation on Yeonpyeong Island, also in 2010; since 2010, further minor incidents continue to occur periodically along the DMZ, where both the North and the South Korean militaries maintain large numbers of troops
in 2018, North Korea and South Korea signed a tension reduction agreement known as the Comprehensive Military Agreement (CMA), which established land, sea, and air buffer zones along the DMZ and the NLL; implementation of the CMA required the removal of some land mines and guard posts; the efforts led to a reduction of tension in the DMZ, but as of 2021 North Korea had failed to uphold much of its side of the agreement
maritime security has long been a top priority for the Malaysian Armed Forces, but it has received even greater emphasis in the 2000s, particularly anti-piracy operations in the Strait of Malacca and countering Chinese naval incursions in Malaysia’s Economic Exclusion Zone, as well as addressing identified shortfalls in maritime capabilities; as such, it has undertaken modest efforts to procure more modern ships, improve air and maritime surveillance, expand the Navy’s support infrastructure (particularly bases/ports) and domestic ship-building capacities, restructure naval command and control, and increase naval cooperation with regional and international partners; as of 2021, for example, the Navy had 6 frigates fitting out or under construction and scheduled for completion by 2023, which will increase the number of operational frigates from 2 to 8; in addition, it began tri-lateral air and naval patrols with Indonesia and the Philippines in 2017; Malaysia also cooperates closely with the US military, including on maritime surveillance and participating regularly in bilateral and multilateral training exercises
" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/pg.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/pg.json index d41642a0..e9f7d6c6 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/pg.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/pg.json @@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "5 (2020)" + "text": "5 (2021)" }, "Ports and terminals": { "text": "none; offshore anchorage only" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json index acec625f..8ee4ae22 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json @@ -1008,10 +1008,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "18,000 (2017 est.)" + "text": "21,000 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "less than 1 (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.23 less than 1 (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -1073,7 +1073,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "264 km oil (2013)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json index cc64ea99..a6aaa1ce 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json @@ -1069,10 +1069,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "5,920,087 (2019)" + "text": "7,936,574 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "5.48 (2019 est.)" + "text": "7.24 (2021)" } } }, @@ -1134,7 +1134,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "530 km gas, 138 km oil (non-operational), 185 km refined products (2017)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json index 8aadd506..f604b84c 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json @@ -569,7 +569,8 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Democratic Progressive Party or DPP [Mohamad Hamim BIN ALIYA]
National Solidarity Party or NSP [Spencer NG]
People's Action Party or PAP [LEE Hsien Loong]
People's Power Party or (PPP) [Goh Meng SENG]
People's Voice or PV [Lim TEAN]
Progress Singapore Party or PSP [Francis YUENT]
Red Dot United or RDU [Ravi PHILEMON]
Reform Party or RP [Kenneth JEYARETNAM]
Singapore Democratic Alliance or SDA [Desmond LIM]
Singapore Democratic Party or SDP [Dr. CHEE Soon Juan]
Singapore Malay National Organisation or PKMS [Muhammad Hairullah AHMAD]
Singapore People's Party or SPP [Steve Chia]
Singapore United Party or SUP [Andy ZHU]
Workers' Party or WP [Pritam SINGH]
the SAF's roots go back to 1854 when the Singapore Volunteer Rifle Corps was formed under colonial rule; the first battalion of regular soldiers, the First Singapore Infantry Regiment, was organized in 1957; the modern SAF was established in 1965; as of 2021, the SAF was widely viewed as the best equipped military in southeast Asia; the Army was largely based on conscripts and reservists with a small cadre of professional soldiers, while the Air Force and Navy were primarily comprised of well-trained professionals
" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json index 48de20e1..8e801081 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json @@ -1073,10 +1073,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "11,599,513 (2020)" + "text": "11,478,265 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "16.62 (2020 est.)" + "text": "16.44 (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -1141,7 +1141,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "7 (2013)" + "text": "7 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "2 km condensate, 5900 km gas, 85 km liquid petroleum gas, 1 km oil, 1097 km refined products (2013)" @@ -1218,7 +1218,7 @@ "note": "note(s) - information varies, but conscripts reportedly comprise as much as 50% of the RTARF; around 100,000 males are drafted each year; as of 2020, women comprised about 8% of active military personnel" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "275 South Sudan (UNMISS) (Dec 2021)" + "text": "275 South Sudan (UNMISS) (Feb 2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "including the most recent in 2014, the military has attempted more than 20 coups since the fall of absolute monarchy in 1932Austria is constitutionally non-aligned, but is an EU member and actively participates in EU peacekeeping and crisis management operations under the Common Security and Defense Policy; Austria is not a member of NATO, but joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace framework in 1995 and participates in NATO-led crisis management and peacekeeping operations; as of 2021, more than 100,000 Austrian military and civilian personnel have taken part in more than 50 international peace support and humanitarian missions since 1960
" diff --git a/europe/be.json b/europe/be.json index b6081241..1b7c673b 100644 --- a/europe/be.json +++ b/europe/be.json @@ -1008,10 +1008,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "4,734,210 (2020)" + "text": "4,734,210 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "40.85 (2020 est.)" + "text": "40.85 (2021)" } } }, @@ -1067,7 +1067,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "3139 km gas, 154 km oil, 535 km refined products (2013)" diff --git a/europe/bk.json b/europe/bk.json index ceb0f594..f079e32f 100644 --- a/europe/bk.json +++ b/europe/bk.json @@ -1017,10 +1017,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "770,624 (2020)" + "text": "770,424 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "23.49 (2020 est.)" + "text": "23.48 (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -1076,7 +1076,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "6 (2013)" + "text": "6 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "147 km gas, 9 km oil (2013)" @@ -1164,7 +1164,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "149 (mid-year 2021)" }, - "note": "note: 88,149 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-April 2022)" + "note": "note: 88,526 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-April 2022)" }, "Trafficking in persons": { "current situation": { diff --git a/europe/bo.json b/europe/bo.json index 38203c12..143f0c62 100644 --- a/europe/bo.json +++ b/europe/bo.json @@ -1099,7 +1099,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "5386 km gas, 1589 km oil, 1730 km refined products (2013)" @@ -1178,7 +1178,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "23,609 (Ukraine) (as of 18 April 2022)" + "text": "24,578 (Ukraine) (as of 25 April 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "6,104 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/bu.json b/europe/bu.json index aaa049ad..39ea1b7e 100644 --- a/europe/bu.json +++ b/europe/bu.json @@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "2,131,606 (2020)" + "text": "2,115,053 Information provided by 91,03% of the undertakings. Dedicated access included. (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "30.68 (2020 est.)" + "text": "30.44 (2021)" } } }, @@ -1091,7 +1091,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "2765 km gas, 346 km oil, 378 km refined products (2017)" diff --git a/europe/cy.json b/europe/cy.json index 05a47869..583f725d 100644 --- a/europe/cy.json +++ b/europe/cy.json @@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "332,080 (2020)" + "text": "332,080 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "37.4 (2020 est.)" + "text": "37.4 (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -1088,7 +1088,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "9 (2013)" + "text": "9 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "0 km oil" @@ -1156,7 +1156,7 @@ "text": "Cypriot National Guard (CNG): 18-50 years of age for compulsory military service for all Greek Cypriot males; 17 years of age for voluntary service; 14-month service obligation (2021)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) was set up in 1964 to prevent further fighting between the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities on the island and bring about a return to normal conditions; the UNFICYP mission had about 1,000 personnel as of November 2021" + "text": "the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) was set up in 1964 to prevent further fighting between the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities on the island and bring about a return to normal conditions; the UNFICYP mission had about 850 personnel as of February 2022" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/europe/da.json b/europe/da.json index 0e516bbe..abff9fe5 100644 --- a/europe/da.json +++ b/europe/da.json @@ -1007,10 +1007,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "2,571,736 (2020)" + "text": "2,590,282 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "44.4 (2020 est.)" + "text": "44.72 (2021)" } } }, diff --git a/europe/ee.json b/europe/ee.json index 5947fe16..f79aa54d 100644 --- a/europe/ee.json +++ b/europe/ee.json @@ -831,7 +831,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "90 (2013)" + "text": "90 (2021)" }, "Railways": { "total": { diff --git a/europe/ei.json b/europe/ei.json index 1d1dd860..ec38cac1 100644 --- a/europe/ei.json +++ b/europe/ei.json @@ -528,10 +528,10 @@ "text": "bicameral Parliament or Oireachtas consists of:the Irish Defense Forces trace their origins back to the Irish Volunteers, which was established in 1913; the Irish Volunteers took part in the 1916 Easter Rising and the Irish War of Independence, 1919-1921
Ireland has a long-standing policy of military neutrality; however, it participates in international peacekeeping and humanitarian operations, as well as crisis management; Ireland is a signatory of the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy and has committed a battalion of troops to the EU’s Rapid Reaction Force; Ireland is not a member of NATO, but has a relationship going back to 1997 when it deployed personnel in support of the NATO-led peacekeeping operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina; Ireland joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1999; Ireland has been an active participate in UN peacekeeping operations since the 1950s
" diff --git a/europe/en.json b/europe/en.json index cb57ad7c..7e463ef2 100644 --- a/europe/en.json +++ b/europe/en.json @@ -1031,7 +1031,7 @@ "text": "415,610 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "31.33 (2021 est.)" + "text": "31.33 (2021)" } } }, @@ -1087,7 +1087,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "1 (2012)" + "text": "1 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "2360 km gas (2016)" diff --git a/europe/ez.json b/europe/ez.json index 81144467..ef0a849c 100644 --- a/europe/ez.json +++ b/europe/ez.json @@ -1018,10 +1018,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "3,845,426 (2021)" + "text": "3,845,426 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "35.91 (2021 est.)" + "text": "35.91 (2021)" } } }, @@ -1083,7 +1083,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "7,160 km gas, 675 km oil, 94 km refined products (2016)" @@ -1149,7 +1149,8 @@ "note": "note - as of 2019, women comprised about 13% of the military's full-time personnel" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "the Czechia military has small numbers of troops deployed under EU, NATO, and UN command in several countries, including Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Central African Republic, Egypt, Iraq, Israel, Kosovo, Latvia, Lithuania, and Mali (2021)" + "text": "up to 130 Lithuania (NATO) (2022)Finland is not a member of NATO, but the two actively cooperate in peace-support operations, exercise together, and exchange analysis and information; Finland joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1994; Finnish Armed Forces participated in NATO-led military operations and missions in the Balkans, Afghanistan, and Iraq
Finland is a signatory of the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) and actively participates in CSDP crisis management missions and operations
the Finnish Armed Forces closely cooperate with the militaries of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; areas of cooperation include armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations; NORDEFCO was established in 2009
" diff --git a/europe/fo.json b/europe/fo.json index ef82c248..4847e770 100644 --- a/europe/fo.json +++ b/europe/fo.json @@ -799,18 +799,18 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "47,800 (2021 est.)" + "text": "48,000 (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "97.58% (2019 est.)" + "text": "97.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "18,443 (2020)" + "text": "18,443 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "37.74 (2020 est.)" + "text": "37.74 (2021)" } } }, diff --git a/europe/fr.json b/europe/fr.json index 414ddb5b..8d30737e 100644 --- a/europe/fr.json +++ b/europe/fr.json @@ -578,10 +578,10 @@ "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president at the suggestion of the prime minister" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 10 April 2022 with a runoff to be held on 24 April 2022 (next to be held in April 2027); prime minister appointed by the president" + "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 10 April 2022 with a runoff held on 24 April 2022 (next to be held in April 2027); prime minister appointed by the president" }, "election results": { - "text": "2022: percent of vote in first round - Emmanuel MACRON (LREM) 27.8%, Marine LE PEN (RN) 23.2%, Jean-Luc MELENCHON (LFI) 22%, Eric ZEMMOUR (Reconquete) 7.1%, Valerie PECRESSE (LR) 4.8%, Yannick JADOT (EELV) 4.6%, Jean LASSALLE (Resistons!) 3.1%, Fabien ROUSSEL (PCF) 2.3%, Nicolas DUPONT-AIGNAN (DLF) 2.1%, Anne HIDALGO 1.8%, other 1.2%in 2010, France and the UK signed a declaration on defense and security cooperation that included greater military interoperability and a Combined Joint Expeditionary Force (CJEF), a deployable, combined Anglo-French military force for use in a wide range of crisis scenarios, up to and including high intensity combat operations; the CJEF has no standing forces, but would be available at short notice for French-UK bilateral, NATO, EU, UN, or other operations; combined training exercises began in 2011; as of 2020, the CJEF was assessed as having full operating capacity with the ability to rapidly deploy over 10,000 personnel capable of high intensity operations, peacekeeping, disaster relief, and humanitarian assistance
the French Foreign Legion, established in 1831, is a military force that is open to foreign recruits willing to serve in the French Armed Forces for service in France and abroad; the Foreign Legion is an integrated part of the French Army and is comprised of approximately 8,000 personnel in eight regiments, a regiment-sized demi-brigade, a battalion-sized overseas detachment, a battalion-sized recruiting group, and a command staff; the combat units are a mix of armored cavalry and airborne, light, mechanized, and motorized infantry
(2021)" diff --git a/europe/gi.json b/europe/gi.json index a1f3ea0c..ecb22665 100644 --- a/europe/gi.json +++ b/europe/gi.json @@ -708,18 +708,18 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "31,800 31,800 (2021 est.)" + "text": "31,800 31,800 (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "94.44% (2019 est.)" + "text": "94.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "19,497 (2019)" + "text": "21,009 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "57.85 (2019 est.)" + "text": "62.36 (2021)" } } }, diff --git a/europe/gk.json b/europe/gk.json index 8c7ea6ef..45131099 100644 --- a/europe/gk.json +++ b/europe/gk.json @@ -574,10 +574,10 @@ }, "Telephones - mobile cellular": { "total subscriptions": { - "text": "71,622 (2020 est.)" + "text": "719,000 (2022 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "114 (2018 est.)" + "text": "113.4 (2022 est.)" } }, "Telecommunication systems": { @@ -600,18 +600,18 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "54,600 (2021 est.)" + "text": "55,000 (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "83.63% (2019 est.)" + "text": "86.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "25,336 (2020)" + "text": "33,940 (2022)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "40.1 (2020)" + "text": "54 (2022)" } } }, diff --git a/europe/gm.json b/europe/gm.json index 106eed57..8132c925 100644 --- a/europe/gm.json +++ b/europe/gm.json @@ -1032,18 +1032,18 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "78.81 million (2021 est.)" + "text": "78.2 million (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "89.81% (2020 est.)" + "text": "93% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "36,040,739 (2020)" + "text": "36,215,303 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "25.01 (2020 est.)" + "text": "43.22 (2021)" } } }, @@ -1105,7 +1105,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "23 (2013)" + "text": "23 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "37 km condensate, 26985 km gas, 2400 km oil, 4479 km refined products, 8 km water (2013)" @@ -1193,7 +1193,8 @@ "note": "note - in 2021, women accounted for about 12% of the German military" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "approximately 500 Middle East (NATO/Counter-ISIS campaign); 130 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 600 Lithuania (NATO); approximately 1,400 Mali (MINUSMA/EUTM); note - Germany is a contributing member of the EuroCorps (2021)" + "text": "approximately 500 Middle East (NATO/Counter-ISIS campaign); 550 Lithuania (NATO); approximately 1,200 Mali (MINUSMA/EUTM) (2021-2022)since 2017, Latvia has hosted a Canadian-led multi-national NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the Alliance’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative; in addition, Latvia hosts a NATO-led divisional headquarters (Multinational Division North; activated 2020), which coordinates training and preparation activities of its respective subordinate NATO battlegroups in Estonia and Latvia
NATO also has provided air protection for Latvia since 2004 through its Air Policing mission; NATO member countries that possess air combat capabilities voluntarily contribute to the mission on 4-month rotations
" } diff --git a/europe/lh.json b/europe/lh.json index dfe1e740..e27be16b 100644 --- a/europe/lh.json +++ b/europe/lh.json @@ -1045,7 +1045,7 @@ "text": "796,814 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "29.27 (2021 est.)" + "text": "29.27 (2021)" } } }, @@ -1183,7 +1183,7 @@ "note": "note(s) - Lithuania conscripts up to 4,000 males each year; conscripts are selected using an automated lottery system; as of 2019, women comprised about 12% of the military's full-time personnel" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "contributes about 350-550 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Poland and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units (2021)" + "text": "contributes about 350-550 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Poland and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units (2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "Lithuania officially became a member of NATO in 2004since 2017, Lithuania has hosted a German-led multi-national NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the Alliance’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative
NATO also has provided air protection for Lithuania since 2004 through its Air Policing mission; NATO member countries that possess air combat capabilities voluntarily contribute to the mission on 4-month rotations; NATO fighter aircraft are hosted at Lithuania’s Šiauliai Air Base
" diff --git a/europe/lo.json b/europe/lo.json index 82dd03b9..b7c3e1ac 100644 --- a/europe/lo.json +++ b/europe/lo.json @@ -1006,10 +1006,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "1,701,561 (2020)" + "text": "1,701,561 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "31.17 (2020 est.)" + "text": "31.17 (2021)" } } }, @@ -1062,7 +1062,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "1 (2019)" + "text": "1 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "2270 km gas transmission pipelines, 6278 km high-pressure gas distribution pipelines, 27023 km mid- and low-pressure gas distribution pipelines (2016), 510 km oil (2015)" @@ -1127,7 +1127,7 @@ "note": "note - as of 2019, women made up around 12% of the military's full-time personnel" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "240 Cyprus (UNFICYP); up to 175 Latvia (NATO); 250 Slovakia (NATO) (2022)" + "text": "240 Cyprus (UNFICYP); up to 150 Latvia (NATO); 250 Slovakia (NATO) (2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "Slovakia officially became a member of NATO in 2004drug trafficking groups are major players in the procurement and transportation of large quantities of cocaine destined for European markets
" diff --git a/europe/mk.json b/europe/mk.json index 01f116bb..fd952b94 100644 --- a/europe/mk.json +++ b/europe/mk.json @@ -1021,10 +1021,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "454,300" + "text": "475,569 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "21.41 (2019 est.)" + "text": "22.83 (2021 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/europe/mn.json b/europe/mn.json index d882e4f0..be575c2e 100644 --- a/europe/mn.json +++ b/europe/mn.json @@ -789,10 +789,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "20,877 (2020)" + "text": "20,877 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "53.2 (2020 est.)" + "text": "53.2 (2021)" } } }, @@ -801,7 +801,7 @@ "text": "3A" }, "Heliports": { - "text": "1 (2012)" + "text": "1 (2021)" }, "Railways": { "text": "note: Monaco has a single railway station but does not operate its own train service; the French operator SNCF operates rail services in Monaco" diff --git a/europe/mt.json b/europe/mt.json index b3f23ea5..31f42987 100644 --- a/europe/mt.json +++ b/europe/mt.json @@ -1001,10 +1001,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "213,419 (2020)" + "text": "213,419 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "48 (2020 est.)" + "text": "48.33 (2021)" } } }, @@ -1040,7 +1040,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2 (2021)" }, "Roadways": { "total": { diff --git a/europe/nl.json b/europe/nl.json index 290db38e..c7dfc051 100644 --- a/europe/nl.json +++ b/europe/nl.json @@ -1027,10 +1027,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "7,525,016 (2020)" + "text": "7,525,016 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "43.92 (2020 est.)" + "text": "43.92 (2021)" } } }, @@ -1089,7 +1089,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "14000 km gas, 2500 km oil and refined products, 3000 km chemicals (2016)" @@ -1167,7 +1167,7 @@ "note": "note - in 2019, women made up about 11% of the military's full-time personnel" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "270 Lithuania (NATO) (2021)" + "text": "270 Lithuania (NATO) (2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "the Netherlands is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949since 1973, the Dutch Marine Corps has worked closely with the British Royal Marines, including jointly in the UK-Netherlands amphibious landing force
a Dutch Army airmobile infantry brigade and a mechanized infantry brigade have been integrated into the German Army since 2014 and 2016 respectively
in 2018, the Defense Ministers of Belgium, Denmark and the Netherlands signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for the creation of a Composite Special Operations Component Command (C-SOCC); the C-SOCC was declared operational in December 2020in 2015, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg signed an agreement to conduct joint air policing of their territories; under the agreement, which went into effect in January of 2017, the Belgian and Dutch Air Forces trade responsibility for patrolling the skies over the three countries
" diff --git a/europe/no.json b/europe/no.json index 54a05450..94739948 100644 --- a/europe/no.json +++ b/europe/no.json @@ -1009,10 +1009,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "2,387,661 (2020)" + "text": "2,387,661 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "44.04 (2020 est.)" + "text": "44.04 (2021)" } } }, @@ -1062,7 +1062,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "8520 km gas, 1304 km oil/condensate (2017)" @@ -1135,7 +1135,7 @@ "note": "note(s) - Norway conscripts about 8,000 individuals annually; Norway was the first NATO country to allow females to serve in all combat arms branches of the military (1985); it also has an all-female special operations unit known as Jegertroppen (The Hunter Troop), which was established in 2014; as of 2019, women comprised about 14% of the military's full-time personnel" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "120 Lithuania (NATO) (2021)" + "text": "up to 150 Lithuania (NATO) (2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "Norway is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949the Norwegian Armed Forces cooperate closely with the militaries of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; areas of cooperation include armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations; NORDEFCO was established in 2009
(2021)" diff --git a/europe/pl.json b/europe/pl.json index f4b6c928..f1d82b73 100644 --- a/europe/pl.json +++ b/europe/pl.json @@ -1058,7 +1058,7 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "8,369,218 (2021)" + "text": "8,369,218 Speeds equal to or grater than 144 kbit/s. (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { "text": "22.11 (2021 est.)" @@ -1123,7 +1123,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "6 (2013)" + "text": "6 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "14198 km gas, 1374 km oil, 2483 km refined products (2019)" @@ -1211,8 +1211,8 @@ "note": "note - as of 2019, women made up about 7% of the military's full-time personnel" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "240 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); up to 175 Latvia (NATO); 250 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (2021)", - "note": "note: Poland contributes about 2,500 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Poland and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units" + "text": "240 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); up to 180 Latvia (NATO); 190 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (2022)", + "note": "note - Poland contributes about 2,500 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Poland and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units" }, "Military - note": { "text": "Poland joined NATO in 1999; Czechia, Hungary, and Poland were invited to begin accession talks at NATO's Madrid Summit in 1997, and in March 1999 they became the first former members of the Warsaw Pact to join the Alliancesince 2017, Poland has hosted a US-led multi-national NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the Alliance’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative; since 2014, Poland has also hosted NATO fighter detachments at Malbork Air Base under NATO's enhanced air policing arrangements
Poland hosts a NATO-led divisional headquarters (Multinational Division Northeast; operational in 2018), which coordinates training and preparation activities of its respective subordinate battlegroups in Poland and Lithuania; Poland also hosts a corps-level headquarters (Multinational Corps Northeast)
(2022)" @@ -1230,7 +1230,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "9,870 (Russia) (2019); 2,800,713 (as of 18 April 2022)" + "text": "9,870 (Russia) (2019); 2,922,978 (as of 25 April 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "1,389 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/po.json b/europe/po.json index d602e2b7..e3333a28 100644 --- a/europe/po.json +++ b/europe/po.json @@ -1024,10 +1024,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "4,160,895 (2020)" + "text": "4,160,795 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "40.81 (2020 est.)" + "text": "40.81 (2021)" } } }, @@ -1169,7 +1169,7 @@ "note": "note - as of 2019, women made up about 12% of the military's full-time personnel" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "200 Central African Republic (MINUSCA/EUTM); up to 120 Baltic States (NATO) (2021)", + "text": "200 Central African Republic (MINUSCA/EUTM); up to 120 Lithuania (2022)", "note": "note - in 2021, Portugal deployed about 80 troops to Mozambique to assist with the EU training mission" }, "Military - note": { diff --git a/europe/ri.json b/europe/ri.json index a0537d05..c721a50c 100644 --- a/europe/ri.json +++ b/europe/ri.json @@ -1051,10 +1051,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "1,724,392 (2020)" + "text": "1,730,496 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "25.09 (2020 est.)" + "text": "25.18 (2021)" } } }, @@ -1113,7 +1113,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "2 (2012)" + "text": "2 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "1936 km gas, 413 km oil" @@ -1179,7 +1179,7 @@ "note": "note - as of 2019, women made up about 6% of the military's full-time personnel" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "175 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (Oct 2021)" + "text": "200 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (Feb 2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "Serbia does not aspire to join NATO, but has cooperated with the Alliance since 2006 when it joined the Partnership for Peace program
" @@ -1199,7 +1199,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "2,113 (includes stateless persons in Kosovo) (mid-year 2021)" }, - "note": "note: 824,669 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-April 2022); Serbia is predominantly a transit country and hosts an estimated 4,650 migrants and asylum seekers as of February 2022" + "note": "note: 825,892 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-April 2022); Serbia is predominantly a transit country and hosts an estimated 4,650 migrants and asylum seekers as of February 2022" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "drug trafficking groups are major players in the procurement and transportation of of large quantities of cocaine destined for European markets
" diff --git a/europe/ro.json b/europe/ro.json index 9a1338ad..2be3a88f 100644 --- a/europe/ro.json +++ b/europe/ro.json @@ -1036,10 +1036,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "5.685 million (2020)" + "text": "5,684,782 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "29.55 (2020 est.)" + "text": "29.55 (2021)" } } }, @@ -1095,7 +1095,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "3726 km gas, 2451 km oil (2013)" @@ -1176,7 +1176,7 @@ "text": "conscription ended 2006; 18 years of age for male and female voluntary service; all military inductees (including women) contract for an initial 5-year term of service, with subsequent successive 3-year terms until age 36 (2021)" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "up to 120 Poland (NATO) (2021)" + "text": "up to 120 Poland (NATO) (2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "Romania officially became a member of NATO in 2004Romania hosts a NATO multinational divisional (Multinational Division Southeast; became operational in 2017) and a brigade-sized headquarters as part of NATO's tailored forward presence in the southeastern part of the Alliance
" @@ -1194,12 +1194,12 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "750,693 (Ukraine) (as of 18 April 2022)" + "text": "782,598 (Ukraine) (as of 25 April 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "314 (mid-year 2021)" }, - "note": "note: 9,778 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-April 2022)" + "note": "note: 9,789 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-April 2022)" }, "Trafficking in persons": { "current situation": { diff --git a/europe/si.json b/europe/si.json index f86911c6..b728f4cb 100644 --- a/europe/si.json +++ b/europe/si.json @@ -549,10 +549,10 @@ "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:Sweden maintains a policy of military non-alignment, but cooperates with NATO and regional countries; it joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1994 and has contributed to NATO-led missions, including those in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Kosovo
the Swedish military cooperates closely with the military forces of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; areas of cooperation include armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations; NORDEFCO was established in 2009
Sweden is a signatory of the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy and contributes to CSDP missions and operations
" diff --git a/europe/sz.json b/europe/sz.json index 50282ea0..826caee2 100644 --- a/europe/sz.json +++ b/europe/sz.json @@ -1025,10 +1025,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "4.023 million (2020)" + "text": "4,028,238 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "46.48 (2020 est.)" + "text": "46.54 (2021)" } } }, @@ -1084,7 +1084,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "1,800 km gas, 94 km oil (of which 60 are inactive), 17 km refined products (2017)" @@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@ "note": "note - conscientious objectors can choose 390 days of community service instead of military service" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "165 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR) (2021)" + "text": "190 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR) (2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "Switzerland has long maintained a policy of military neutrality, but does occasionally participate in EU, NATO, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), and UN military operations; Swiss law excludes participation in combat operations for peace enforcement, and Swiss units will only participate in operations under the mandate of the UN or OSCE; Switzerland joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1996; it contributed to the NATO-led Kosovo peace-support force (KFOR) in 1999 and as of 2021, continued doing so with about 165 personnel; Switzerland also provided a small number of staff officers to the NATO mission in Afghanistan from 2004-2007
" diff --git a/europe/uk.json b/europe/uk.json index 5e86cabd..6a8c5517 100644 --- a/europe/uk.json +++ b/europe/uk.json @@ -1024,10 +1024,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "27,490,258 (2020)" + "text": "27,330,297 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "40.49 (2020 est.)" + "text": "40.26 (2021)" } }, "Communications - note": { @@ -1092,7 +1092,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "9 (2013)" + "text": "9 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "502 km condensate, 9 km condensate/gas, 28603 km gas, 59 km liquid petroleum gas, 5256 km oil, 175 km oil/gas/water, 4919 km refined products, 255 km water (2013)" @@ -1179,7 +1179,8 @@ "note": "note - as of 2019, women made up about 11% of the military's full-time personnel" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "approximately 1,000 Brunei; approximately 400 Canada (BATUS); approximately 2,500 Cyprus (250 for UNFICYP); approximately 900 Estonia (NATO); approximately 1,200 Falkland Islands; approximately 200 Germany; 570 Gibraltar; approximately 1,400 Middle East (including Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE; coalition against ISIS; NATO); up to 350 Kenya (BATUK); approximately 350 Mali (EUTM, MINUSMA, and Operation Barkhane); 150 Poland (NATO) (2021)" + "text": "approximately 1,000 Brunei; approximately 400 Canada (BATUS); approximately 2,500 Cyprus (250 for UNFICYP); approximately 900 Estonia (NATO); approximately 1,200 Falkland Islands; approximately 200 Germany; 570 Gibraltar; approximately 1,400 Middle East (including Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE; coalition against ISIS; NATO); up to 350 Kenya (BATUK); approximately 350 Mali (EUTM, MINUSMA, and Operation Barkhane); 150 Poland (NATO) (2022)in 2010, France and the UK signed a declaration on defense and security cooperation that included greater military interoperability and a Combined Joint Expeditionary Force (CJEF), a deployable, combined Anglo-French military force for use in a wide range of crisis scenarios, up to and including high intensity combat operations; the CJEF has no standing forces, but would be available at short notice for UK-French bilateral, NATO, EU, UN, or other operations; combined training exercises began in 2011; as of 2020, the CJEF was assessed as having full operating capacity with the ability to rapidly deploy over 10,000 personnel capable of high intensity operations, peacekeeping, disaster relief, and humanitarian assistance
in 2014, the UK led the formation of the Joint Expeditionary Force (JEF), a pool of high-readiness military forces from Baltic and Scandinavian countries able to respond to a wide range of contingencies both in peacetime and in times of crisis or conflict; its principal geographic area of interest is the High North, North Atlantic, and Baltic Sea regions, where the JEF can complement national capabilities or NATO’s deterrence posture, although it is designed to be flexible and prepared to respond to humanitarian crises further afield; the JEF consists of 10 countries (Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the UK) and was declared operational in 2018; most of the forces in the pool are British, and the UK provides the most rapidly deployable units as well as the command and control elements
Ukraine was the center of the first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in Europe. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was absorbed by the Russian Empire. Following the collapse of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine achieved a short-lived period of independence (1917-20), but was reconquered and endured a brutal Soviet rule that engineered two forced famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died. In World War II, German and Soviet armies were responsible for 7 to 8 million more deaths. Although Ukraine achieved independence in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR, democracy and prosperity remained elusive as the legacy of state control and endemic corruption stalled efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties.
A peaceful mass protest referred to as the \"Orange Revolution\" in the closing months of 2004 forced the authorities to overturn a rigged presidential election and to allow a new internationally monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. Subsequent internal squabbles in the YUSHCHENKO camp allowed his rival Viktor YANUKOVYCH to stage a comeback in parliamentary (Rada) elections, become prime minister in August 2006, and be elected president in February 2010. In October 2012, Ukraine held Rada elections, widely criticized by Western observers as flawed due to use of government resources to favor ruling party candidates, interference with media access, and harassment of opposition candidates. President YANUKOVYCH's backtracking on a trade and cooperation agreement with the EU in November 2013 - in favor of closer economic ties with Russia - and subsequent use of force against students, civil society activists, and other civilians in favor of the agreement led to a three-month protest occupation of Kyiv's central square. The government's use of violence to break up the protest camp in February 2014 led to all out pitched battles, scores of deaths, international condemnation, a failed political deal, and the president's abrupt departure for Russia. New elections in the spring allowed pro-West president Petro POROSHENKO to assume office in June 2014; he was succeeded by Volodymyr ZELENSKY in May 2019.
Shortly after YANUKOVYCH's departure in late February 2014, Russian President PUTIN ordered the invasion of Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula falsely claiming the action was to protect ethnic Russians living there. Two weeks later, a \"referendum\" was held regarding the integration of Crimea into the Russian Federation. The \"referendum\" was condemned as illegitimate by the Ukrainian Government, the EU, the US, and the UN General Assembly (UNGA). In response to Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea, 100 members of the UN passed UNGA resolution 68/262, rejecting the \"referendum\" as baseless and invalid and confirming the sovereignty, political independence, unity, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. In mid-2014, Russia began supplying proxies in two of Ukraine's eastern provinces with manpower, funding, and materiel driving an armed conflict with the Ukrainian Government that continues to this day. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, and the unrecognized Russian proxy republics signed the Minsk Protocol and Memorandum in September 2014 to end the conflict. However, this agreement failed to stop the fighting or find a political solution. In a renewed attempt to alleviate ongoing clashes, leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, and Germany negotiated a follow-on Package of Measures in February 2015 to implement the Minsk agreements. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, the unrecognized Russian proxy republics, and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe also meet regularly to facilitate implementation of the peace deal. By early 2022, more than 14,000 civilians were killed or wounded as a result of the Russian intervention in eastern Ukraine.
On 24 February 2022, Russia escalated its conflict with Ukraine by invading the country on several fronts in what has become the largest conventional military attack on a sovereign state in Europe since World War II. The invasion has received near universal international condemnation and many countries have imposed sanctions on Russia and also supplied humanitarian and military aid to Ukraine. The invasion has also created Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. As of 18 April, more than 4.98 million people had fled Ukraine, and some 10 million people were internally displaced as of 12 April. More than 4,890 civilian casualties had been reported, as of 18 April.
" + "text": "
Ukraine was the center of the first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in Europe. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was absorbed by the Russian Empire. Following the collapse of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine achieved a short-lived period of independence (1917-20), but was reconquered and endured a brutal Soviet rule that engineered two forced famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died. In World War II, German and Soviet armies were responsible for 7 to 8 million more deaths. Although Ukraine achieved independence in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR, democracy and prosperity remained elusive as the legacy of state control and endemic corruption stalled efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties.
A peaceful mass protest referred to as the \"Orange Revolution\" in the closing months of 2004 forced the authorities to overturn a rigged presidential election and to allow a new internationally monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. Subsequent internal squabbles in the YUSHCHENKO camp allowed his rival Viktor YANUKOVYCH to stage a comeback in parliamentary (Rada) elections, become prime minister in August 2006, and be elected president in February 2010. In October 2012, Ukraine held Rada elections, widely criticized by Western observers as flawed due to use of government resources to favor ruling party candidates, interference with media access, and harassment of opposition candidates. President YANUKOVYCH's backtracking on a trade and cooperation agreement with the EU in November 2013 - in favor of closer economic ties with Russia - and subsequent use of force against students, civil society activists, and other civilians in favor of the agreement led to a three-month protest occupation of Kyiv's central square. The government's use of violence to break up the protest camp in February 2014 led to all out pitched battles, scores of deaths, international condemnation, a failed political deal, and the president's abrupt departure for Russia. New elections in the spring allowed pro-West president Petro POROSHENKO to assume office in June 2014; he was succeeded by Volodymyr ZELENSKY in May 2019.
Shortly after YANUKOVYCH's departure in late February 2014, Russian President PUTIN ordered the invasion of Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula falsely claiming the action was to protect ethnic Russians living there. Two weeks later, a \"referendum\" was held regarding the integration of Crimea into the Russian Federation. The \"referendum\" was condemned as illegitimate by the Ukrainian Government, the EU, the US, and the UN General Assembly (UNGA). In response to Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea, 100 members of the UN passed UNGA resolution 68/262, rejecting the \"referendum\" as baseless and invalid and confirming the sovereignty, political independence, unity, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. In mid-2014, Russia began supplying proxies in two of Ukraine's eastern provinces with manpower, funding, and materiel driving an armed conflict with the Ukrainian Government that continues to this day. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, and the unrecognized Russian proxy republics signed the Minsk Protocol and Memorandum in September 2014 to end the conflict. However, this agreement failed to stop the fighting or find a political solution. In a renewed attempt to alleviate ongoing clashes, leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, and Germany negotiated a follow-on Package of Measures in February 2015 to implement the Minsk agreements. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, the unrecognized Russian proxy republics, and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe also meet regularly to facilitate implementation of the peace deal. By early 2022, more than 14,000 civilians were killed or wounded as a result of the Russian intervention in eastern Ukraine.
On 24 February 2022, Russia escalated its conflict with Ukraine by invading the country on several fronts in what has become the largest conventional military attack on a sovereign state in Europe since World War II. The invasion has received near universal international condemnation and many countries have imposed sanctions on Russia and also supplied humanitarian and military aid to Ukraine. The invasion has also created Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. As of 25 April, more than 5.26 million people had fled Ukraine, and some 7.7 million people were internally displaced as of 17 April. More than 5,260 civilian casualties had been reported, as of 20 April.
" } }, "Geography": { @@ -1048,7 +1048,7 @@ "text": "7,769,401 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "18.62 (2021 est.)" + "text": "18.62 (2021)" } }, "Communications - note": { @@ -1113,7 +1113,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "9 (2013)" + "text": "9 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "36720 km gas, 4514 km oil, 4363 km refined products (2013)" @@ -1193,8 +1193,7 @@ "note": "note(s) - the Ukrainian military has a mix of conscripts (14,000 conscripted in 2021) and professional soldiers on contracts; women can volunteer and have served in the Ukrainian armed forces since 1993; as of 2021, women comprised approximately 15-20% of the military; in late 2021, the Ukrainian Government began requiring women between 18 and 60 who are fit for military service and work in a broad range of professions to register with Ukraine's armed forces
" diff --git a/middle-east/ae.json b/middle-east/ae.json index 05167c04..13765203 100644 --- a/middle-east/ae.json +++ b/middle-east/ae.json @@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "9,915,803 (2022 est.)", - "note": "note: the UN estimated the country's total population was 9,771,000 as of mid-year 2019; immigrants make up 87.9% of the total population, according to UN data (2019)" + "note": "note: the UN estimated the country's total population was 10,082,000 as of 2022; immigrants make up 88.1% of the total population, according to UN data (2020)" }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -120,7 +120,8 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "Emirati 11.6%, South Asian 59.4% (includes Indian 38.2%, Bangladeshi 9.5%, Pakistani 9.4%, other 2.3%), Egyptian 10.2%, Filipino 6.1%, other 12.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "Emirati 11.6%, South Asian 59.4% (includes Indian 38.2%, Bangladeshi 9.5%, Pakistani 9.4%, other 2.3%), Egyptian 10.2%, Filipino 6.1%, other 12.8% (2015 est.)", + "note": "note: data represent the total population; as of 2019, immigrants make up about 87.9% of the total population, according to UN data" }, "Languages": { "Languages": { @@ -132,7 +133,7 @@ }, "Religions": { "text": "Muslim (official) 76%, Christian 9%, other (primarily Hindu and Buddhist, less than 5% of the population consists of Parsi, Baha'i, Druze, Sikh, Ahmadi, Ismaili, Dawoodi Bohra Muslim, and Jewish) 15% (2005 est.)", - "note": "note: data represent the total population; as of 2019, immigrants make up about 87.9% of the total population, according to UN data" + "note": "note: data represent the total population; as of 2020, immigrants make up about 88.1% of the total population, according to UN data" }, "Age structure": { "0-14 years": { @@ -1020,10 +1021,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "3,245,123 (2020)" + "text": "3,245,123 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "32.81 (2020 est.)" + "text": "32.81 (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -1091,7 +1092,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "5 (2013)" + "text": "5 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "533 km condensate, 3277 km gas, 300 km liquid petroleum gas, 3287 km oil, 24 km oil/gas/water, 218 km refined products, 99 km water (2013)" diff --git a/middle-east/aj.json b/middle-east/aj.json index 5a5ba271..a49a7250 100644 --- a/middle-east/aj.json +++ b/middle-east/aj.json @@ -1079,7 +1079,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "1 (2012)" + "text": "1 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "89 km condensate, 3890 km gas, 2446 km oil (2013)" diff --git a/middle-east/ba.json b/middle-east/ba.json index a88fb792..70bd1ed1 100644 --- a/middle-east/ba.json +++ b/middle-east/ba.json @@ -996,10 +996,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "148,595 (2020)" + "text": "148,928 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "8.73 (2020 est.)" + "text": "8.75 (2021)" } } }, @@ -1038,7 +1038,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "20 km gas, 54 km oil (2013)" diff --git a/middle-east/gg.json b/middle-east/gg.json index 4a90f0ca..4ec6f0ff 100644 --- a/middle-east/gg.json +++ b/middle-east/gg.json @@ -1010,10 +1010,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "2.74 million (2021 est.)" + "text": "2.88 million (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "72.53% (2020 est.)" + "text": "72.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { @@ -1021,7 +1021,7 @@ "text": "972,162 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "24.37 (2021 est.)" + "text": "24.37 (2021)" } } }, @@ -1083,7 +1083,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "1596 km gas, 1175 km oil (2013)" @@ -1114,7 +1114,7 @@ }, "Ports and terminals": { "major seaport(s)": { - "text": "Black Sea - Bat'umi, P'ot'i" + "text": "Black Sea - Batumi, Poti" } } }, diff --git a/middle-east/gz.json b/middle-east/gz.json index 608b79c1..c3f97f03 100644 --- a/middle-east/gz.json +++ b/middle-east/gz.json @@ -700,7 +700,7 @@ "note": "note - non-operational" }, "Heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1 (2021)" }, "Roadways": { "text": "
note: see entry for the West Bank
" diff --git a/middle-east/ir.json b/middle-east/ir.json index ea47c782..26264a83 100644 --- a/middle-east/ir.json +++ b/middle-east/ir.json @@ -980,10 +980,10 @@ }, "Telephones - mobile cellular": { "total subscriptions": { - "text": "127,624,951 (2020)" + "text": "119 million (2022)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "152 (2020 est.)" + "text": "139.1 (2022 est.)" } }, "Telecommunication systems": { @@ -1006,18 +1006,18 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "59.16 million (2021 est.)" + "text": "71.94 million (2022)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "84.11% (2020 est.)" + "text": "84.1% (2022)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "9,564,195 (2020)" + "text": "9,564,195 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "11.39 (2020 est.)" + "text": "11.39 (2021)" } } }, @@ -1085,7 +1085,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "26 (2013)" + "text": "26 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "7 km condensate, 973 km condensate/gas, 20794 km gas, 570 km liquid petroleum gas, 8625 km oil, 7937 km refined products (2013)" @@ -1166,7 +1166,7 @@ "note": "note - as of 2019, approximately 80% of Artesh ground forces personnel were conscripts, while Navy and Air/Air Defense Force personnel were primarily volunteers; conscripts reportedly comprised more than 50 percent of the IRGC" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "est. 1-3,000 Syria (2021)", + "text": "estimated 1-3,000 Syria (2022)", "note": "note - Iran has recruited, trained, and funded thousands of Syrian and foreign fighters to support the ASAD regime during the Syrian civil war" }, "Military - note": { diff --git a/middle-east/is.json b/middle-east/is.json index 50f55c94..18ebdb2a 100644 --- a/middle-east/is.json +++ b/middle-east/is.json @@ -569,7 +569,7 @@ "text": "last held on 23 March 2021 (next to be held in 2025)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent by party - Likud 24.2%, Yesh Atid 13.9%, Shas 7.2%, Blue and White 6.6%, Yamina 6.2%, Labor 6.1%, UTJ 5.6%, Yisrael Beiteinu 5.6%, Religious Zionist Party 5.1%, Joint List 4.8%, New Hope 4.7%, Meretz 4.6%, Ra'am 3.8%, other 0.5%; seats by party - Likud 30, Yesh Atid 17, Shas 9, Blue and White 8, Yamina 7, Labor 7, UTJ 7, Yisrael Beiteinu 7, Religious Zionist Party 6, Joint List 6, New Hope 6, Meretz 6, Ra'am 4 - NA" + "text": "percent by party - Likud 24.2%, Yesh Atid 13.9%, Shas 7.2%, Blue and White 6.6%, Yamina 6.2%, Labor 6.1%, UTJ 5.6%, Yisrael Beiteinu 5.6%, Religious Zionist Party 5.1%, Joint List 4.8%, New Hope 4.7%, Meretz 4.6%, Ra'am 3.8%, other 0.5%; seats by party - Likud 30, Yesh Atid 17, Shas 9, Blue and White 8, Yamina 7, Labor 7, UTJ 7, Yisrael Beiteinu 7, Religious Zionist Party 6, Joint List 6, New Hope 6, Meretz 6, Ra'am 4; composition as of March 2022 - men 84, women 36, percentage of women 30%" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -1022,10 +1022,10 @@ }, "Telephones - mobile cellular": { "total subscriptions": { - "text": "11.4 million (2020)" + "text": "10.39 million (2022)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "131.7 (2020 est.)" + "text": "117.3 (2022 est.)" } }, "Telecommunication systems": { @@ -1048,18 +1048,18 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "7.68 million (2021 est.)" + "text": "7.97 million (2022)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "86.79% (2019 est.)" + "text": "90% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "2,602,079 (2020)" + "text": "2,602,079 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "30.06 (2020 est.)" + "text": "30.06 (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -1118,7 +1118,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "3 (2013)" + "text": "3 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "763 km gas, 442 km oil, 261 km refined products (2013)" @@ -1189,7 +1189,7 @@ "note": "note(s) - women have served in the Israeli military since its establishment in 1948; as of 2021, women made up about 35% of IDF personnel; more than 90% of military specialties, including combat specialties, were open to women and more than 3,000 women were serving in combat units; the IDF's first mixed-gender infantry unit, the Caracal Battalion, was established in 2004; as of 2021, conscripts comprised about 70% of the IDF ground forces" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) has operated in the Golan between Israel and Syria since 1974 to monitor the ceasefire following the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and supervise the areas of separation between the two countries; as of November 2021, UNDOF consisted of about 1,250 personnelas of 2021 and since the outbreak of the Syrian civil war in 2011, Israel has routinely carried out air strikes in Syria targeting Iranian, Iranian-backed militia and Hizballah forces, and some Syrian Government troops; over the same period, the IDF has carried out numerous strikes against Hizballah in Lebanon in response to attacks on Israeli territory; Israel fought a month-long war in Lebanon with Hizballah in 2006 (see Appendix-T for details on Hizballah)
as of 2021, the IDF also conducted frequent operations against the HAMAS and Palestine Islamic Jihad (PIJ) terrorist groups operating out of the Gaza Strip; since seizing control of the Gaza Strip in 2007, HAMAS has claimed responsibility for numerous rocket attacks into Israel and organized protests at the border between Gaza and Israel, resulting in violent clashes, casualties, and reprisal military actions by the IDF; HAMAS and Israel fought an 11-day conflict in May of 2021, which ended in an informal truce; sporadic clashes continued through 2021, including incendiary balloon attacks from Palestinian territory and retaliatory IDF strikes; PIJ has conducted numerous attacks on Israel since the 1980s, including a barrage of mortar and rocket strikes in February 2020 (see Appendix-T for more details on HAMAS and Palestine Islamic Jihad)
Israel has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments
as of 2022 and since the outbreak of the Syrian civil war in 2011, Israel has routinely carried out air strikes in Syria targeting Iranian, Iranian-backed militia and Hizballah forces, and some Syrian Government troops; over the same period, the IDF has carried out numerous strikes against Hizballah in Lebanon in response to attacks on Israeli territory; Israel fought a month-long war in Lebanon with Hizballah in 2006 (see Appendix-T for details on Hizballah)
as of 2021, the IDF also conducted frequent operations against the HAMAS and Palestine Islamic Jihad (PIJ) terrorist groups operating out of the Gaza Strip; since seizing control of the Gaza Strip in 2007, HAMAS has claimed responsibility for numerous rocket attacks into Israel and organized protests at the border between Gaza and Israel, resulting in violent clashes, casualties, and reprisal military actions by the IDF; HAMAS and Israel fought an 11-day conflict in May of 2021, which ended in an informal truce; sporadic clashes continued through 2021, including incendiary balloon attacks from Palestinian territory and retaliatory IDF strikes; PIJ has conducted numerous attacks on Israel since the 1980s, including a barrage of mortar and rocket strikes in February 2020 (see Appendix-T for more details on HAMAS and Palestine Islamic Jihad)
Israel has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments
the Jordanian military traces its origins back to the Arab Legion, which was formed under the British protectorate of Transjordan in the 1920s
due largely to its proximity to regional conflicts in Iraq and Syria, the presence of major terrorist organizations in both of those countries, and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the highest priorities of Jordan’s military and security services in 2021 included securing its borders and the potential for domestic terrorist attacks; the terrorist group Hizballah and Iranian-backed militia forces were operating in southwestern Syria near Jordan’s border while fighters from the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) terrorist group continued operating in both Iraq and Syria; ISIS fighters included Jordanian nationals, some of whom have returned to Jordan; meanwhile, individuals and groups sympathetic to Palestine have planned and conducted terrorist attacks in Jordan
Jordan has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments
Jordan signed a peace treaty with Israel in 1994
as of late 2021, the Lebanese military faced multiple challenges, including securing the border with war-torn Syria from infiltrations of militants linked to the Islamic State and al-Qa’ida terrorist groups and maintaining stability along its volatile border with Israel, where the Iranian-backed and Lebanon-based militant group Hizballah conducted a war with Israel in 2006 and tensions remained high, including occasional armed skirmishes; in 2021, the military also faced a financial crisis as government debt and national economic difficulties undercut its ability to fully pay and supply personnel, which has sparked domestic and international fears that the armed forces may disintegrate
as of 2022, the Lebanese military faced multiple challenges, including securing the border with war-torn Syria from infiltrations of militants linked to the Islamic State and al-Qa’ida terrorist groups and maintaining stability along its volatile border with Israel, where the Iranian-backed and Lebanon-based militant group Hizballah conducted a war with Israel in 2006 and tensions remained high, including occasional armed skirmishes; in 2021, the military also faced a financial crisis as government debt and national economic difficulties undercut its ability to fully pay and supply personnel, which has sparked domestic and international fears that the armed forces may disintegrate
the United Nations Interim Force In Lebanon (UNIFIL) has operated in the country since 1978, originally under UNSCRs 425 and 426 to confirm Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon, restore international peace and security, and assist the Lebanese Government in restoring its effective authority in the area; following the July-August 2006 war, the UN Security Council adopted resolution 1701 enhancing UNIFIL and deciding that in addition to the original mandate, it would, among other things, monitor the cessation of hostilities; accompany and support the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) as they deploy throughout the south of Lebanon; and extend its assistance to help ensure humanitarian access to civilian populations and the voluntary and safe return of displaced persons; UNIFIL had about 10,000 personnel deployed in the country as of February 2022
in 2015, a Saudi-led coalition of Arab states intervened militarily in Yemen in support of the Republic of Yemen Government against the separatist Huthis; as of 2022, the coalition (consisting largely of Saudi forces) and the Huthis continued to engage in fighting, mostly with air and missile forces, although heavy ground fighting was also reportedly taking place over the key province of Marib; the Saudis have conducted numerous air strikes in northern Yemen, while the Huthis have launched attacks into Saudi territory with ballistic missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles armed with explosives; the Saudi-led coalition controlled the country’s airspace and the port of Hodeida; Saudi Arabia also has raised and equipped paramilitary/militia security forces in Yemen--based largely on tribal or regional affiliation--to deploy along the Saudi-Yemen border, especially the areas bordering the governorates of Saada and Al-Jawf
" diff --git a/middle-east/sy.json b/middle-east/sy.json index 030e74c0..f7f15067 100644 --- a/middle-east/sy.json +++ b/middle-east/sy.json @@ -986,10 +986,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "1,548,100 (2020)" + "text": "1,549,356 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "8.85 (2020 est.)" + "text": "8.85 (2021)" } } }, @@ -1048,7 +1048,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "6 (2013)" + "text": "6 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "3170 km gas, 2029 km oil (2013)" @@ -1126,7 +1126,7 @@ "note": "note - the SAF is largely comprised of conscripts" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the UN Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) has operated in the Golan between Israel and Syria since 1974 to monitor the ceasefire following the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and supervise the areas of separation between the two countries; as of November 2021, UNDOF consisted of about 1,250 personnelpro-ASAD elements operating in Syria have included Lebanese Hezbollah, Iranian, Iranian-backed Shia militia, and Russian forces; since early in the civil war, the ASAD government has relied on Lebanese Hezbollah (see Appendix T for further information), as well as Iran and Iranian-backed forces, for combat operations and to hold territory; Iran has provided military advisors and combat troops from the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (including the Qods Force; see Appendix T for further information), as well as intelligence, logistical, material, technical, and financial support; it has funded, trained, equipped, and led Shia militia/paramilitary units comprised of both Syrian and non-Syrian personnel, primarily from Afghanistan, Iraq, and Pakistan; Russia intervened at the request of the ASAD government in 2015 and has since provided air support, special operations forces, military advisors, private military contractors, training, arms, and equipment; Iranian and Russian support has also included assisting Syria in combating the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS; see Appendix T) terrorist group
Turkey intervened militarily in 2016 to combat Kurdish militants and ISIS, support select Syrian opposition forces, and establish a buffer along portions of its border with Syria; as of 2022, Turkey continued to maintain a considerable military presence in northern Syria; it has armed and trained militia/proxy forces, such as the Syrian National Army, which was formed in late 2017 of Syrian Arab and Turkmen rebel factions in the Halab (Aleppo) province and northwestern Syria
the US and some regional and European states have at times backed Syrian opposition forces militarily and/or conducted military operations, primarily against ISIS; the US has operated in Syria since 2015 with ground forces and air strikes; as of 2022, the majority the ground forces were deployed in the Eastern Syria Security Area (ESSA, which includes parts of Hasakah and Dayr az Zawr provinces east of the Euphrates River) in support of operations by the Syrian Democratic Forces against ISIS, while the remainder were in southeast Syria around Tanf supporting counter-ISIS operations by the Jaysh Mughawir al-Thawra (MaT, or Revolutionary Commando Army) Syrian opposition force; the US has also conducted air strikes against Syrian military targets in response to Syrian Government use of chemical weapons against opposition forces and civilians; in addition, France, Jordan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UK have provided forms of military assistance to opposition forces and/or conducted operations against ISIS, including air strikes
Israel has conducted hundreds of military air strikes in Syria, mostly targeting Hezbollah, Iranian, and/or Iranian-backed militia targets
the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) are an anti-ASAD regime coalition of forces composed primarily of Kurdish, Sunni Arab, and Syriac Christian fighters; it is dominated and led by Kurdish forces, particularly the People’s Protection Units (YPG) militia; the SDF began to receive US support in 2015 and as of 2022 was the main local US partner in its counter-ISIS campaign; the SDF has internal security, anti-terror, and commando units; Turkey views the SDF as an extension of the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), a US-designated terrorist organization (see Appendix T)
the ISIS terrorist group (see Appendix T) lost its last territorial stronghold to SDF forces in 2019, but continued to maintain a low-level insurgency as of 2022; in addition, the SDF held about 10,000 captured suspected ISIS fighters in detention facilities across northern Syria, including 2,000 from countries other than Iraq and Syria
as of 2021, the Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS; formerly known as al-Nusrah Front) terrorist organization (see Appendix T) was the dominate militant group in northwest Syria and asserted considerable influence and control over the so-called Syrian Salvation Government in the Iblib de-escalation zone; as of 2021, the group had an estimated 10,000 fighters
" + "text": "the UN Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) has operated in the Golan between Israel and Syria since 1974 to monitor the ceasefire following the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and supervise the areas of separation between the two countries; as of February 2022, UNDOF consisted of about 1,100 personnelpro-ASAD elements operating in Syria have included Lebanese Hezbollah, Iranian, Iranian-backed Shia militia, and Russian forces; since early in the civil war, the ASAD government has relied on Lebanese Hezbollah (see Appendix T for further information), as well as Iran and Iranian-backed forces, for combat operations and to hold territory; Iran has provided military advisors and combat troops from the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (including the Qods Force; see Appendix T for further information), as well as intelligence, logistical, material, technical, and financial support; it has funded, trained, equipped, and led Shia militia/paramilitary units comprised of both Syrian and non-Syrian personnel, primarily from Afghanistan, Iraq, and Pakistan; Russia intervened at the request of the ASAD government in 2015 and has since provided air support, special operations forces, military advisors, private military contractors, training, arms, and equipment; Iranian and Russian support has also included assisting Syria in combating the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS; see Appendix T) terrorist group
Turkey intervened militarily in 2016 to combat Kurdish militants and ISIS, support select Syrian opposition forces, and establish a buffer along portions of its border with Syria; as of 2022, Turkey continued to maintain a considerable military presence in northern Syria; it has armed and trained militia/proxy forces, such as the Syrian National Army, which was formed in late 2017 of Syrian Arab and Turkmen rebel factions in the Halab (Aleppo) province and northwestern Syria
the US and some regional and European states have at times backed Syrian opposition forces militarily and/or conducted military operations, primarily against ISIS; the US has operated in Syria since 2015 with ground forces and air strikes; as of 2022, the majority the ground forces were deployed in the Eastern Syria Security Area (ESSA, which includes parts of Hasakah and Dayr az Zawr provinces east of the Euphrates River) in support of operations by the Syrian Democratic Forces against ISIS, while the remainder were in southeast Syria around Tanf supporting counter-ISIS operations by the Jaysh Mughawir al-Thawra (MaT, or Revolutionary Commando Army) Syrian opposition force; the US has also conducted air strikes against Syrian military targets in response to Syrian Government use of chemical weapons against opposition forces and civilians; in addition, France, Jordan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UK have provided forms of military assistance to opposition forces and/or conducted operations against ISIS, including air strikes
Israel has conducted hundreds of military air strikes in Syria, mostly targeting Hezbollah, Iranian, and/or Iranian-backed militia targets
the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) are an anti-ASAD regime coalition of forces composed primarily of Kurdish, Sunni Arab, and Syriac Christian fighters; it is dominated and led by Kurdish forces, particularly the People’s Protection Units (YPG) militia; the SDF began to receive US support in 2015 and as of 2022 was the main local US partner in its counter-ISIS campaign; the SDF has internal security, anti-terror, and commando units; Turkey views the SDF as an extension of the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), a US-designated terrorist organization (see Appendix T)
the ISIS terrorist group (see Appendix T) lost its last territorial stronghold to SDF forces in 2019, but continued to maintain a low-level insurgency as of 2022; in addition, the SDF held about 10,000 captured suspected ISIS fighters in detention facilities across northern Syria, including 2,000 from countries other than Iraq and Syria
as of 2022, the Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS; formerly known as al-Nusrah Front) terrorist organization (see Appendix T) was the dominant militant group in northwest Syria and asserted considerable influence and control over the so-called Syrian Salvation Government in the Iblib de-escalation zone
" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/middle-east/tu.json b/middle-east/tu.json index dc45ea14..e456161a 100644 --- a/middle-east/tu.json +++ b/middle-east/tu.json @@ -1058,10 +1058,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "16,734,853 (2020)" + "text": "16,734,853 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "19.84 (2020 est.)" + "text": "19.84 (2021)" } } }, @@ -1123,7 +1123,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "20 (2013)" + "text": "20 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "14,666 km gas, 3,293 km oil (2017)" @@ -1203,7 +1203,7 @@ "note": "note - as of 2019, women made up about .3% of the military's full-time personnel" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "est. 200 (Azerbaijan; monitoring cease-fire, clearing mines); 250 Bosnia-Herzegovina (EUFOR); est. 25-35,000 Cyprus; 300 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); 100 Lebanon (UNIFIL); est. 3-5,000 Qatar; est. 200 Somalia (training mission); est. 10-20,000 Syria (2021)", + "text": "est. 200 (Azerbaijan; monitoring cease-fire, clearing mines); 250 Bosnia-Herzegovina (EUFOR); est. 25-35,000 Cyprus; 300 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); 100 Lebanon (UNIFIL); est. 3-5,000 Qatar; est. 200 Somalia (training mission); est. 10-20,000 Syria (2021-2022)", "note": "note(s) - between 2016 and 2020, Turkey conducted four major military campaigns in northern Syria; Turkey also has deployed troops into northern Iraq on numerous occasions to combat the Kurdistan Worker's Party (PKK), including large operations involving thousands of troops in 2007, 2011, and 2018, and smaller-scale incursions in 2021 and early 2022; in 2020, Turkey deployed an undetermined number of Turkish military troops and an estimated 3,500-5,000 Syrian fighters to Libya to support the Libyan Government of National Accord (GNA)Canada is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949
Canada is part of the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD; established 1958); NORAD is a Canada-US bi-national military command responsible for monitoring and defending North American airspace; traditionally, a Canadian Armed Forces officer has served as the deputy commander of NORAD
Canada’s defense relationship with the US extends back to the Ogdensburg Declaration of 1940, when the two countries formally agreed on military cooperation, including the establishment of the Permanent Joint Board on Defense (PJBD), which continued to be the highest-level bilateral defense forum between Canada and the US as of 2021
British troops withdrew from Canada in 1871 as part of the UK-US Treaty of Washington; following the withdrawal, the first Canadian militia, known as the Royal Canadian Regiment, was organized in 1883 to protect Canadian territory and defend British interests abroad, which it did in the South African War (1899-1902), Canada’s first overseas conflict; militia units formed the backbone of the more than 425,000 Canadian soldiers that went to Europe during World War I in what was called the Canadian Expeditionary Force; the Royal Canadian Navy was created in 1910, while the Canadian Air Force was established in 1920 and became the Royal Canadian Air Force in 1924; the Canadian Army was officially founded in 1942; a unified Canadian Armed Forces was created in 1968
" diff --git a/north-america/gl.json b/north-america/gl.json index 82d6bd57..fa5cacd9 100644 --- a/north-america/gl.json +++ b/north-america/gl.json @@ -855,18 +855,18 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "39,500 (2021 est.)" + "text": "39,600 (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "69.48% (2019 est.)" + "text": "69.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "14,404 (2019)" + "text": "15,649 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "25.42 (2019 est.)" + "text": "27.57 (2021)" } } }, diff --git a/north-america/mx.json b/north-america/mx.json index 9a4110bd..a910817e 100644 --- a/north-america/mx.json +++ b/north-america/mx.json @@ -1102,10 +1102,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "21,206,911 (2020)" + "text": "21,936,131 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "16.45 (2020 est.)" + "text": "17.01 (2021)" } } }, @@ -1173,7 +1173,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" + "text": "1 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "15,986 km natural gas (2019), 10,365 km oil (2017), 8,946 km refined products (2016)" diff --git a/north-america/sb.json b/north-america/sb.json index ff77b83c..e757fb18 100644 --- a/north-america/sb.json +++ b/north-america/sb.json @@ -413,7 +413,10 @@ "text": "Le Cabinet du Prefet" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "French president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 23 April and 6 May 2017 (next to be held in 2022); prefect appointed by French president on the advice of French Ministry of Interior" + "text": "French president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 23 April and 6 May 2017 (next to be held in 2022); prefect appointed by French president on the advice of French Ministry of Interior; Territorial Council president elected by Territorial Council councillors by absolute majority vote; term NA; election last held on 13 October 2020; next election NA" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "Bernard BRIAND elected President of Territorial Council; Territorial Council vote - 17 for, 2 abstentions" } }, "Legislative branch": { diff --git a/north-america/us.json b/north-america/us.json index 8ea7134c..261367d6 100644 --- a/north-america/us.json +++ b/north-america/us.json @@ -1017,10 +1017,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "120.531 million (2020)" + "text": "121.176 million (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "36.41 (2020 est.)" + "text": "36.61 (2021)" } }, "Communications - note": { @@ -1091,7 +1091,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "5,287 (2013)" + "text": "5,287 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "1,984,321 km natural gas, 240,711 km petroleum products (2013)" @@ -1186,7 +1186,7 @@ "note": "note - in 2019, women comprised about 18% of the total US military" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "5,000 Africa (mostly in Djibouti, with approximately 700-1,000 in other countries of East Africa and about 700 in West Africa); 1,700 Australia; 250 Diego Garcia; 150 Canada; 650 Cuba (Guatanamo Bay); 290 Egypt (MFO); 65,000 Europe (Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Italy, Kosovo, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Turkey, UK); 150 Greenland; 6,200 Guam; 370 Honduras; 56,000 Japan; approximately 15,000 assigned (Bahrain, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates); 125 Philippines; 26,500 South Korea; 200 Singapore; 100 Thailand (2021)", + "text": "5,000 Africa (mostly in Djibouti, with approximately 700-1,000 in other countries of East Africa and about 700 in West Africa); 1,700 Australia; 250 Diego Garcia; 150 Canada; 650 Cuba (Guatanamo Bay); 290 Egypt (MFO); 65,000 Europe (Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Italy, Kosovo, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Turkey, UK); 150 Greenland; 6,200 Guam; 370 Honduras; 56,000 Japan; approximately 15,000 assigned Middle East (Bahrain, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates); 125 Philippines; 26,500 South Korea; 200 Singapore; 100 Thailand (2021)", "note": "note - US military rotational policies affect deployment numbers; for example, the US deploys ground and air units to select countries for 6-12 month rotational assignments on a continuous basis; in South Korea, for example, the US continuously rotates combat brigades (approximately 3,000 personnel) for 9 months at a time; contingencies also affect US troop deployments; in 2019-2020, the US deployed more than 15,000 additional military personnel to the Middle East for an extended period of time and in early 2022, it sent reinforcements to Europe in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine; in addition, some overseas US naval bases, such as the headquarters of US Naval Forces Central Command (USNAVCENT) in Manama, Bahrain, are frequented by the crews of US ships on 6-9 month deployments; a US carrier strike group with an air wing and supporting ships typically includes over 6-7,000 personnel" }, "Military - note": { diff --git a/south-america/ar.json b/south-america/ar.json index 66195d4a..6aad5fbc 100644 --- a/south-america/ar.json +++ b/south-america/ar.json @@ -1061,10 +1061,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "9,571,562 (2020)" + "text": "9,571,562 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "21.18 (2020 est.)" + "text": "21.18 (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -1132,7 +1132,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "2 (2013)" + "text": "2 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "29930 km gas, 41 km liquid petroleum gas, 6248 km oil, 3631 km refined products (2013)" @@ -1221,7 +1221,7 @@ "note": "note - as of 2017, women made up over 17% of the active duty military" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "250 Cyprus (UNFICYP) (Jan 2021)" + "text": "200 Cyprus (UNFICYP) (Jan 2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "as of 2021, the Argentine military was focused primarily on border security and counter-narcotics operations; in 2018, the government approved a decree allowing greater latitude for the military in internal security missions, with a focus on logistics support in border areasas of 2021, the Peruvian security forces continued to conduct operations against remnants of the Shining Path terrorist group (aka Sendero Luminoso; see Appendix T), particularly in the Apurimac, Ene, and Mantaro River Valleys (VRAEM) of eastern Peru; the military had approximately 8,000-10,000 troops in the VRAEM under a special combined military-police command, including 3 army infantry battalions
" diff --git a/south-america/uy.json b/south-america/uy.json index 65cbe20a..bd9a177f 100644 --- a/south-america/uy.json +++ b/south-america/uy.json @@ -1042,10 +1042,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "1,012,410 (2019)" + "text": "1,063,701 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "29.95 (2019 est.)" + "text": "30.62 (2021)" } } }, @@ -1168,7 +1168,7 @@ "note": "note - as of 2017, women comprised about 19% of the active military" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "815 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 210 Golan Heights (UNDOF) (Oct 2021)" + "text": "830 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 210 Golan Heights (UNDOF) (Feb 2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "as of 2021, the military had some domestic responsibilities, including perimeter security for a number of prisons and border security; in 2020, the military deployed more than 1,000 troops to assist the National Police in securing the land border with Brazil and the riverine border with Argentina as part of a border control law passed in 2018
" diff --git a/south-america/ve.json b/south-america/ve.json index 6e432810..fa2d2a90 100644 --- a/south-america/ve.json +++ b/south-america/ve.json @@ -1024,10 +1024,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "2,407,187 (2020)" + "text": "2,561,556 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "8.47 (2020 est.)" + "text": "9.01 (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -1092,7 +1092,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "3 (2013)" + "text": "3 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "981 km extra heavy crude, 5941 km gas, 7588 km oil, 1778 km refined products (2013)" diff --git a/south-asia/af.json b/south-asia/af.json index 8805e166..0cfd967d 100644 --- a/south-asia/af.json +++ b/south-asia/af.json @@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "Current reliable statistical data on ethnicity in Afghanistan are not available; Afghanistan's 2004 Constitution cited Pashtun, Tajik, Hazara, Uzbek, Turkman, Baluch, Pachaie, Nuristani, Aymaq, Arab, Qirghiz, Qizilbash, Gujur, and Brahwui ethnicities; Afghanistan has dozens of other small ethnic groups" + "text": "Current, reliable statistical data on ethnicity in Afghanistan are not available; Afghanistan's 2004 Constitution cited Pashtun, Tajik, Hazara, Uzbek, Turkman, Baluch, Pachaie, Nuristani, Aymaq, Arab, Qirghiz, Qizilbash, Gujur, and Brahwui ethnicities; Afghanistan has dozens of other small ethnic groups" }, "Languages": { "Languages": { @@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ }, "Flag description": { "text": "three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), red, and green, with the national emblem in white centered on the red band and slightly overlapping the other 2 bands; the center of the emblem features a mosque with pulpit and flags on either side, below the mosque are Eastern Arabic numerals for the solar year 1298 (1919 in the Gregorian calendar, the year of Afghan independence from the UK); this central image is circled by a border consisting of sheaves of wheat on the left and right, in the upper-center is an Arabic inscription of the Shahada (Muslim creed) below which are rays of the rising sun over the Takbir (Arabic expression meaning \"God is great\"), and at bottom center is a scroll bearing the name Afghanistan; black signifies the past, red is for the blood shed for independence, and green can represent either hope for the future, agricultural prosperity, or Islam", - "note": "note: Afghanistan had more changes to its national flag in the 20th century - 19 by one count - than any other country; the colors black, red, and green appeared on most of them" + "note": "note 1: the United States has not recognized the Taliban or any other entity as the government of Afghanistan and, accordingly, continues to display the flag of Afghanistan as set forth in the country's constitutionas of 2021, the military’s chief areas of focus were border, economic exclusion zone, and domestic security; the Army maintained a large domestic security presence in the Chittagong Hills area where it conducted counterinsurgency operations against tribal guerrillas from the 1970s until the late 1990s; since 2009, the military has been in a force-wide expansion and modernization program known as Forces Goal 2030
" @@ -1246,7 +1246,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "923,179 (Burma) (2022) (includes an estimated 769,623 Rohingya refugees who have fled conflict since 25 August 2017)" + "text": "926,561 (Burma) (2022) (includes an estimated 769,623 Rohingya refugees who have fled conflict since 25 August 2017)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "427,000 (conflict, development, human rights violations, religious persecution, natural disasters) (2020)" diff --git a/south-asia/bt.json b/south-asia/bt.json index ba345379..88f5a76b 100644 --- a/south-asia/bt.json +++ b/south-asia/bt.json @@ -938,10 +938,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "2,139 (2020)" + "text": "3,189 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "less than 1 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.41 less than 1 (2021)" } } }, diff --git a/south-asia/ce.json b/south-asia/ce.json index 82512d9e..9cd96745 100644 --- a/south-asia/ce.json +++ b/south-asia/ce.json @@ -1047,10 +1047,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "1,992,429 (2020)" + "text": "1,781,530 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "9.3 (2020 est.)" + "text": "8.32 (2021)" } } }, @@ -1106,7 +1106,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "1 (2020)" + "text": "1 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "7 km refined products" @@ -1181,7 +1181,7 @@ "text": "18-22 years of age for voluntary military service (men and women); no conscription (2021)" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "110 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 125 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 240 Mali (MINUSMA) (Sep 2021)" + "text": "110 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 125 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 240 Mali (MINUSMA) (Feb 2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "Sri Lanka traditionally has had close security ties to India; India participated in the counter-insurgency war against the LTTE from 1987-1991, losing over 1,000 soldiers in the conflict; as of 2021, the Sri Lankan and Indian militaries continued to conduct exercises together, and India trains over 1,000 Sri Lankan soldiers per year; however, since the end of the war with LTTE, Sri Lanka has also increased military ties with China, including acquiring military equipment, hosting naval port calls, and sending personnel to China for training
" diff --git a/south-asia/in.json b/south-asia/in.json index 95d90357..b62b2fc8 100644 --- a/south-asia/in.json +++ b/south-asia/in.json @@ -1069,21 +1069,21 @@ }, "Telephones - mobile cellular": { "total subscriptions": { - "text": "1,153,709,832 (2020)" + "text": "1.14 billion (2022)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "83.6 (2020 est.)" + "text": "81.3 (2022 est.)" } }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "supported by deregulation, India is one of the fastest-growing telecom markets in the world; implementation of 4G/LTE; fixed-line/broadband underdeveloped; government investment in national infrastructure; project aims to connect 600,000 villages to broadband networks; expansive foreign investment; imports of integrated circuits and broadcast equipment from China; steps taken towards a 5G auction and tests; submarine cable linking mainland to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands; smart cities mission to promote 100 model cities in providing core infrastructure, sustainable environment, and quality of life through economic growth and competition, including focus on social, economic, and institutional pillars (2020)" + "text": "supported by deregulation, India is one of the fastest-growing telecom markets in the world; implementation of 4G/LTE; fixed-line/broadband underdeveloped; government investment in national infrastructure; project aims to connect 600,000 villages to broadband networks; expansive foreign investment; imports of integrated circuits and broadcast equipment from China; steps taken towards a 5G auction and tests; submarine cable linking mainland to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands; smart cities mission to promote 100 model cities in providing core infrastructure, sustainable environment, and quality of life through economic growth and competition, including focus on social, economic, and institutional pillars
(2022)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "fixed-line subscriptions stands at roughly 1 per 100 and mobile-cellular at nearly 84 per 100; mobile cellular service introduced in 1994 and organized nationwide into four metropolitan areas and 19 telecom circles, each with multiple private service providers and one or more state-owned service providers; in recent years significant trunk capacity added in the form of fiber-optic cable and one of the world's largest domestic satellite systems, the Indian National Satellite system (INSAT), with 6 satellites supporting 33,000 (very small aperture terminals) VSAT (2020)" + "text": "fixed-line subscriptions stands at roughly 1 per 100 and mobile-cellular at nearly 84 per 100; mobile cellular service introduced in 1994 and organized nationwide into four metropolitan areas and 19 telecom circles, each with multiple private service providers and one or more state-owned service providers; in recent years significant trunk capacity added in the form of fiber-optic cable and one of the world's largest domestic satellite systems, the Indian National Satellite system (INSAT), with 6 satellites supporting 33,000 (very small aperture terminals) VSAT (2022)" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 91; a number of major international submarine cable systems, including SEA-ME-WE-3 & 4, AAE-1, BBG, EIG, FALCON, FEA, GBICS, MENA, IMEWE, SEACOM/ Tata TGN-Eurasia, SAFE, WARF, Bharat Lanka Cable System, IOX, Chennai-Andaman & Nicobar Island Cable, SAEx2, Tata TGN-Tata Indicom and i2icn that provide connectivity to Europe, Africa, Asia, the Middle East, South East Asia, numerous Indian Ocean islands including Australia ; satellite earth stations - 8 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Inmarsat (Indian Ocean region (2019)" + "text": "country code - 91; a number of major international submarine cable systems, including SEA-ME-WE-3 & 4, AAE-1, BBG, EIG, FALCON, FEA, GBICS, MENA, IMEWE, SEACOM/ Tata TGN-Eurasia, SAFE, WARF, Bharat Lanka Cable System, IOX, Chennai-Andaman & Nicobar Island Cable, SAEx2, Tata TGN-Tata Indicom and i2icn that provide connectivity to Europe, Africa, Asia, the Middle East, South East Asia, numerous Indian Ocean islands including Australia ; satellite earth stations - 8 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Inmarsat; Indian Ocean region (2022)" }, "note": "note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and the consequent restriction on disposable incomes; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home became evident, and received some support from governments" }, @@ -1095,18 +1095,18 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "624 million (2021 est.)" + "text": "658 million (2022)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "34.45% (2019 est.)" + "text": "47% (2022)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "22.29 million (2020)" + "text": "22.95 million (2020)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "1.62 (2020 est.)" + "text": "1.66 (2020)" } } }, @@ -1174,7 +1174,7 @@ } }, "Heliports": { - "text": "45 (2013)" + "text": "45 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "17,389 km natural gas, 10, 419 km crude oil, 3544 liquid petroleum gas, 14,729 km refined products (2020) 9 km condensate/gas, 20 km oil/gas/water (2013) (2013)" @@ -1251,7 +1251,7 @@ "text": "16-18 years of age for voluntary military service (Army 17 1/2, Air Force 17, Navy 16 1/2); no conscription; women may join as officers, currently serve in combat roles as Air Force pilots, and under consideration for Army and Navy combat roles (currently can fly naval reconnaissance aircraft) (2021)" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "1,850 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 200 Golan Heights (UNDOF); 850 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 2,350 South Sudan (UNMISS) (Oct 2021)" + "text": "1,900 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 200 Golan Heights (UNDOF); 900 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 2,400 South Sudan (UNMISS) (Jan 2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "as of 2021, the Indian Armed Forces were chiefly focused on China and Pakistan; the short 1962 Sino-India War left in place one of the world’s longest disputed international borders, resulting in occasional standoffs between Indian and Chinese security forces, including lethal clashes in 1975 and 2020; meanwhile, India and Pakistan have fought several conflicts since 1947, including the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965 and the Indo-Pakistan and Bangladesh War of Independence of 1971, as well as two clashes over the disputed region of Kashmir (the First Kashmir War of 1947 and the 1999 Kargil Conflict); a fragile cease-fire in Kashmir was reached in 2003 and revised in 2018, although the border, known as the Line of Control, remained contested as of 2021, and India has accused Pakistan of backing armed separatists and terrorist organizations in Jammu and Kashmir where Indian forces have conducted counterinsurgency operations since the 1980s; in addition, India and Pakistan have battled over the Siachen Glacier of Kashmir, which was seized by India in 1984 with Pakistan attempting to retake the area at least three times between 1985 and 1995; a cease-fire went into effect in 2003, but as of 2021, both sides continued to maintain a permanent military presence there with outposts at altitudes above 20,000 feet (over 6,000 meters) where most casualties were due to extreme weather and the hazards of operating in the high mountain terrain of the world’s highest conflict, including avalanches, exposure, and altitude sickness
" diff --git a/south-asia/mv.json b/south-asia/mv.json index e95108bb..9da84d2b 100644 --- a/south-asia/mv.json +++ b/south-asia/mv.json @@ -962,10 +962,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "63,685 (2020)" + "text": "63,685 (2021)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "11.78 (2020 est.)" + "text": "11.78 (2021 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/south-asia/np.json b/south-asia/np.json index 0ef4397f..8ec817cc 100644 --- a/south-asia/np.json +++ b/south-asia/np.json @@ -1037,10 +1037,10 @@ }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { - "text": "791,961 (2018)" + "text": "1.27 million (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "1.82 (2019 est.)" + "text": "4.36 (2021 est.)" } } }, @@ -1150,10 +1150,10 @@ "note": "note - as of 2020, women comprised about 5% of the active duty military" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "Nepal has about 5,500 total troops deployed on UN peacekeeping missions, including: 615 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 900 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 400 Golan Heights (UNDOF); 870 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 230 Liberia (UNSMIL); 200 Mali (MINUSMA); 1,750 South Sudan (UNMISS) (Sep 2021)" + "text": "750 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 1,140 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 400 Golan Heights (UNDOF); 875 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 230 Liberia (UNSMIL); 175 Mali (MINUSMA); 1,625 South Sudan (UNMISS) (Feb 2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "Nepal became a member of the UN in 1955 and has been an active participant in UN peacekeeping operations since, sending its first military observers to a UN peacekeeping mission in 1958 and its first peacekeeping military contingent to Egypt in 1974
Nepal became a member of the UN in 1955 and has been an active participant in UN peacekeeping operations since, sending its first military observers to a UN peacekeeping mission in 1958 and its first peacekeeping military contingent to Egypt in 1974
the military has carried out three coups since Pakistan's independence in 1947 and as of 2021 remained a dominant force in the country’s political arena; in 2021, its chief focus was on the perceived threat from India, but over the past 15 years, the military also has increased its role in internal counterinsurgency and counterterrorism missions
Pakistan and India have fought several conflicts since 1947, including the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965 and the Indo-Pakistan and Bangladesh War of Independence of 1971, as well as two clashes over the disputed region of Kashmir (First Kashmir War of 1947 and the Kargil Conflict of 1999); a fragile cease-fire in Kashmir was reached in 2003 and revised in 2018, although the border, known as the Line of Control, remained contested as of 2021, and India has accused Pakistan of backing armed separatists and terrorist organizations in Jammu and Kashmir; in addition, India and Pakistan have battled over the Siachen Glacier of Kashmir, which was seized by India in 1984 with Pakistan attempting to retake the area in 1985, 1987, and 1995; a cease-fire went into effect in 2003, but as of 2021 both sides continued to maintain a permanent military presence there with outposts at altitudes above 20,000 feet (over 6,000 meters) where most casualties were due to extreme weather or the hazards of operating in the high mountain terrain of the world’s highest conflict, including avalanches, exposure, and altitude sickness
Pakistan has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments