From b47e284fda8d051cddab5d60b41ebd72e6410442 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Yo Robot Date: Thu, 17 Nov 2022 22:09:41 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] auto-update week 46 --- africa/ag.json | 11 +++++++---- africa/ao.json | 4 ++-- africa/bc.json | 6 +++--- africa/bn.json | 4 ++-- africa/by.json | 6 +++--- africa/cd.json | 4 ++-- africa/cf.json | 2 +- africa/cg.json | 6 +++--- africa/cm.json | 9 +++++---- africa/cn.json | 6 +++--- africa/ct.json | 12 ++++++------ africa/cv.json | 2 +- africa/dj.json | 8 ++++---- africa/eg.json | 6 +++--- africa/ek.json | 6 +++--- africa/er.json | 6 +++--- africa/et.json | 6 +++--- africa/ga.json | 2 +- africa/gb.json | 2 +- africa/gh.json | 4 ++-- africa/gv.json | 4 ++-- africa/iv.json | 6 +++--- africa/ke.json | 4 ++-- africa/li.json | 2 +- africa/lt.json | 4 ++-- africa/ly.json | 2 +- africa/ma.json | 2 +- africa/mi.json | 2 +- africa/ml.json | 2 +- africa/mo.json | 2 +- africa/mp.json | 2 +- africa/mr.json | 2 +- africa/mz.json | 5 ++++- africa/ng.json | 4 ++-- africa/ni.json | 2 +- africa/od.json | 2 +- africa/pu.json | 2 +- africa/rw.json | 4 ++-- africa/se.json | 4 ++-- africa/sf.json | 2 +- africa/sg.json | 2 +- africa/sh.json | 2 +- africa/sl.json | 2 +- africa/so.json | 4 ++-- africa/su.json | 2 +- africa/to.json | 2 +- africa/tp.json | 10 +++++----- africa/ts.json | 2 +- africa/tz.json | 4 ++-- africa/ug.json | 2 +- africa/uv.json | 2 +- africa/wa.json | 2 +- africa/wz.json | 4 ++-- africa/za.json | 2 +- africa/zi.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/aq.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/as.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/bp.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/cq.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/cw.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/fj.json | 6 +++--- australia-oceania/fm.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/fp.json | 4 ++-- australia-oceania/gq.json | 8 ++++---- australia-oceania/kr.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/kt.json | 10 +++++----- australia-oceania/nc.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/nh.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/nr.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/nz.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/pc.json | 4 ++-- australia-oceania/ps.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/rm.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/tn.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/tv.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/wf.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/ws.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/av.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/do.json | 4 ++-- central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/es.json | 4 ++-- central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json | 4 ++-- central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json | 6 +++--- central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/st.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/td.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json | 4 ++-- central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json | 6 +++--- central-asia/kg.json | 2 +- central-asia/kz.json | 4 ++-- central-asia/rs.json | 8 ++++---- central-asia/ti.json | 2 +- central-asia/tx.json | 2 +- central-asia/uz.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json | 4 ++-- east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json | 4 ++-- east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/id.json | 6 +++--- east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json | 4 ++-- east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/la.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json | 4 ++-- east-n-southeast-asia/my.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json | 4 ++-- east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/th.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json | 2 +- europe/al.json | 5 +++-- europe/an.json | 2 +- europe/au.json | 4 ++-- europe/be.json | 2 +- europe/bk.json | 6 +++--- europe/bo.json | 6 +++--- europe/bu.json | 2 +- europe/cy.json | 8 ++++---- europe/da.json | 10 +++++----- europe/ee.json | 2 +- europe/ei.json | 4 ++-- europe/en.json | 4 ++-- europe/ez.json | 17 ++++++++--------- europe/fi.json | 4 ++-- europe/fo.json | 4 ++-- europe/fr.json | 6 +++--- europe/gi.json | 4 ++-- europe/gk.json | 6 +++--- europe/gm.json | 4 ++-- europe/gr.json | 6 +++--- europe/hr.json | 4 ++-- europe/hu.json | 4 ++-- europe/ic.json | 4 ++-- europe/im.json | 5 ++++- europe/it.json | 8 ++++---- europe/je.json | 6 +++--- europe/kv.json | 4 ++-- europe/lg.json | 4 ++-- europe/lh.json | 8 ++++---- europe/lo.json | 4 ++-- europe/ls.json | 2 +- europe/lu.json | 2 +- europe/md.json | 4 ++-- europe/mj.json | 4 ++-- europe/mk.json | 4 ++-- europe/mn.json | 2 +- europe/mt.json | 2 +- europe/nl.json | 4 ++-- europe/no.json | 4 ++-- europe/pl.json | 4 ++-- europe/po.json | 6 +++--- europe/ri.json | 6 +++--- europe/ro.json | 6 +++--- europe/si.json | 10 +++++----- europe/sm.json | 2 +- europe/sp.json | 10 +++++----- europe/sw.json | 4 ++-- europe/sz.json | 4 ++-- europe/uk.json | 4 ++-- europe/up.json | 6 +++--- middle-east/ae.json | 2 +- middle-east/aj.json | 4 ++-- middle-east/am.json | 4 ++-- middle-east/ba.json | 2 +- middle-east/gg.json | 4 ++-- middle-east/gz.json | 8 ++++---- middle-east/ir.json | 6 +++--- middle-east/is.json | 14 +++++++------- middle-east/iz.json | 6 +++--- middle-east/jo.json | 4 ++-- middle-east/ku.json | 2 +- middle-east/le.json | 4 ++-- middle-east/mu.json | 2 +- middle-east/qa.json | 2 +- middle-east/sa.json | 2 +- middle-east/sy.json | 4 ++-- middle-east/tu.json | 4 ++-- middle-east/we.json | 2 +- middle-east/ym.json | 2 +- north-america/bd.json | 2 +- north-america/ca.json | 2 +- north-america/gl.json | 6 +++--- north-america/mx.json | 2 +- north-america/sb.json | 2 +- north-america/us.json | 2 +- oceans/oo.json | 6 +++--- oceans/xo.json | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++--- oceans/xq.json | 6 +++--- oceans/zh.json | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++--- oceans/zn.json | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++--- south-america/ar.json | 2 +- south-america/bl.json | 2 +- south-america/br.json | 4 ++-- south-america/ci.json | 2 +- south-america/co.json | 2 +- south-america/ec.json | 6 +++--- south-america/fk.json | 2 +- south-america/gy.json | 4 ++-- south-america/ns.json | 2 +- south-america/pa.json | 2 +- south-america/pe.json | 2 +- south-america/uy.json | 2 +- south-america/ve.json | 2 +- south-asia/af.json | 4 ++-- south-asia/bg.json | 2 +- south-asia/bt.json | 2 +- south-asia/ce.json | 2 +- south-asia/in.json | 8 ++++---- south-asia/io.json | 2 +- south-asia/mv.json | 4 ++-- south-asia/np.json | 2 +- south-asia/pk.json | 2 +- world/xx.json | 2 +- 238 files changed, 509 insertions(+), 430 deletions(-) diff --git a/africa/ag.json b/africa/ag.json index f34808a2..0e0c0493 100644 --- a/africa/ag.json +++ b/africa/ag.json @@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ "text": "7.41% (male 1,599,369/female 1,585,233)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "6.17% (2020 est.) (male 1,252,084/female 1,401,357)" + "text": "6.17% (male 1,252,084/female 1,401,357) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ "text": "President Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE (since 12 December 2019)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Ayman BENABDERRAHMANE (since 7 July 2021)

 

 

Abdelaziz DJERAD (since 28 December 2019)" + "text": "Prime Minister Ayman BENABDERRAHMANE (since 7 July 2021)

 

" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president" @@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Algerian National Front or FNA [Moussa TOUATI]
Algerian Popular Movement or MPA [Amara BENYOUNES]
Algerian Rally or RA [Ali ZAGHDOUD]
Algeria's Hope Rally or TAJ [Fatma Zohra ZEROUATI]
Democratic and Social Movement or MDS [Fethi GHARES]
Dignity or El Karama [Mohamed DAOUI]
El-Bina (Harakat El-Binaa El-Watani) [Abdelkader BENGRINA]
El-Islah [Filali GHOUINI]
Ennour El Djazairi Party (Algerian Radiance Party) or PED [Badreddine BELBAZ]
Front for Justice and Development or El Adala [Abdallah DJABALLAH]
Future Front or El Mostakbel [Abdelaziz BELAID]
Islamic Renaissance Movement or Ennahda Movement [Mohamed DOUIBI]
Justice and Development Front or FJD [Abdellah DJABALLAH]
Movement for National Reform or Islah [Filali GHOUINI]
Movement of National Understanding or MEN
Movement of Society for Peace or MSP [Abderrazak MAKRI]
National Construction Movement (Harakat Al-bina' Al-watanii) [Abdelkader BENGRINA]
National Democratic Rally (Rassemblement National Democratique) or RND [Tayeb ZITOUNI]
National Front for Social Justice or FNJS [Khaled BOUNEDJEMA]
National Liberation Front or FLN [Abou El Fadhel BAADJI]
National Party for Solidarity and Development or PNSD [Dalila YALAQUI]
National Reform Movement or Islah [Djahid YOUNSI]
National Republican Alliance or ANR [Belkacem SAHLI]
New Dawn Party (El-Fajr El-Jadid) [Tahar BENBAIBECHE]
New Generation (Jil Jadid) [Soufiane DJILALI]
Oath of 1954 or Ahd 54 [Ali Fawzi REBAINE]
Party of Justice and Liberty or PLJ [Djamel Ben ZIADI]
Rally for Culture and Democracy or RCD [Mohcine BELABBAS]
Socialist Forces Front or FFS [Youcef AOUCHICHE]
Union for Change and Progress or UCP [Zoubida ASSOUL]
Union of Democratic and Social Forces or UFDS [Noureddine BAHBOUH]
Vanguard of Liberties (Talaie El Hurriyet) [Abdelkader SAADI]
Workers Party or PT [Louisa HANOUNE]
Youth Party or PJ [Hamana BOUCHARMA]", + "text": "Algerian National Front or FNA [Moussa TOUATI]
Algerian Popular Movement or MPA [Amara BENYOUNES]
Algerian Rally or RA [Ali ZAGHDOUD]
Algeria's Hope Rally or TAJ [Fatma Zohra ZEROUATI]
Democratic and Social Movement or MDS [Fethi GHARES]
Dignity or El Karama [Mohamed DAOUI]
El-Bina (Harakat El-Binaa El-Watani) [Abdelkader BENGRINA]
El-Islah [Filali GHOUINI]
Ennour El Djazairi Party (Algerian Radiance Party) or PED [Badreddine BELBAZ]
Front for Justice and Development or El Adala [Abdallah DJABALLAH]
Future Front or El Mostakbel [Abdelaziz BELAID]
Islamic Renaissance Movement or Ennahda Movement [Mohamed DOUIBI]
Justice and Development Front or FJD [Abdellah DJABALLAH]
Movement for National Reform or Islah [Filali GHOUINI]
Movement of Society for Peace or MSP [Abderrazak MAKRI]
National Construction Movement (Harakat Al-bina' Al-watanii) [Abdelkader BENGRINA]
National Democratic Rally (Rassemblement National Democratique) or RND [Tayeb ZITOUNI]
National Front for Social Justice or FNJS [Khaled BOUNEDJEMA]
National Liberation Front or FLN [Abou El Fadhel BAADJI]
National Party for Solidarity and Development or PNSD [Dalila YALAQUI]
National Reform Movement or Islah [Djahid YOUNSI]
National Republican Alliance or ANR [Belkacem SAHLI]
New Dawn Party (El-Fajr El-Jadid) [Tahar BENBAIBECHE]
New Generation (Jil Jadid) [Soufiane DJILALI]
Oath of 1954 or Ahd 54 [Ali Fawzi REBAINE]
Party of Justice and Liberty or PLJ [Djamel Ben ZIADI]
Rally for Culture and Democracy or RCD [Mohcine BELABBAS]
Socialist Forces Front or FFS [Youcef AOUCHICHE]
Union for Change and Progress or UCP [Zoubida ASSOUL]
Union of Democratic and Social Forces or UFDS [Noureddine BAHBOUH]
Vanguard of Liberties (Talaie El Hurriyet) [Abdelkader SAADI]
Workers Party or PT [Louisa HANOUNE]
Youth Party or PJ [Hamana BOUCHARMA]", "note": "note: a law banning political parties based on religion was enacted in March 1997" }, "International organization participation": { @@ -735,6 +735,9 @@ "text": "5.6% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Credit ratings": { + "text": "note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained." + }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "13.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -1077,7 +1080,7 @@ }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "Algeria has a steadily developing telecom infrastructure with growth encouraged by supportive regulatory measures and by government policies aimed at delivering serviceable internet connections across the country; mobile broadband is largely based on 3G and LTE, and the data rates are also low in global terms; LTE is available in all provinces, investment is required from the MNOs to improve the quality of service; the state has previously been hesitant to commit to 5G, instead encouraging the MNOs to undertake upgrades to LTE infrastructure before investing in commercial 5G services; in March 2022, the state is in the process of freeing up the requisite spectrum to enable the MNOs to launch 5G services sometime this year; fixed internet speeds remain slow, and the country ranks poorly in international tables (2022)" + "text": "Algeria has a steadily developing telecom infrastructure with growth encouraged by supportive regulatory measures and by government policies aimed at delivering serviceable internet connections across the country; mobile broadband is largely based on 3G and LTE, and the data rates are also low in global terms; LTE is available in all provinces, investment is required from the mobile network operators (MNOs) to improve the quality of service; the state has previously been hesitant to commit to 5G, instead encouraging the MNOs to undertake upgrades to LTE infrastructure before investing in commercial 5G services; in March 2022, the state is in the process of freeing up the requisite spectrum to enable the MNOs to launch 5G services sometime this year; fixed internet speeds remain slow (2022)" }, "domestic": { "text": "a limited network of fixed-lines with a teledensity of slightly less than 11 telephones per 100 persons has been offset by the rapid increase in mobile-cellular subscribership; mobile-cellular teledensity was approximately 104 telephones per 100 persons in 2020 (2020)" diff --git a/africa/ao.json b/africa/ao.json index 193f11ec..6cab1bcd 100644 --- a/africa/ao.json +++ b/africa/ao.json @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ "text": "3.43% (male 523,517/female 591,249)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "2.3% (2020 est.) (male 312,197/female 436,050)" + "text": "2.3% (male 312,197/female 436,050) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1293,7 +1293,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "37,162 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 9,272 (Guinea), 6,357 (Cote d'Ivoire), 5,725 (Mauritania) (2022)" + "text": "37,159 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 9,272 (Guinea), 6,357 (Cote d'Ivoire), 5,725 (Mauritania) (2022)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { diff --git a/africa/bc.json b/africa/bc.json index 8a53daa0..75d7d51c 100644 --- a/africa/bc.json +++ b/africa/bc.json @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "2,384,246 (2022 est.)", - "note": "note: estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic" + "note": "note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic" }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ "text": "5.92% (male 59,399/female 77,886)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "5.56% (2020 est.) (male 53,708/female 75,159)" + "text": "5.56% (male 53,708/female 75,159) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1096,7 +1096,7 @@ }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "effective regulatory reform has made Botswana’s telecom market one of the most liberalized in the region; there is a service-neutral licensing regime adapted to the convergence of technologies and services, and several operators now compete in all telecom sectors;  Botswana has one of the highest mobile penetration rates in Africa; in a bid to generate new revenue streams and secure market share, the three MNOs have entered the underdeveloped broadband sector by adopting of 3G, LTE, and WiMAX technologies; in the fixed-line broadband market they compete with a large number of ISPs, some of which have rolled out their own wireless access infrastructure; the landlocked country depends on satellites for international bandwidth, and on other countries for transit capacity to the landing points of international submarine cables; the landing of additional cables in the region in recent years has improved the competitive situation in this sector, while prices for connectivity have fallen dramatically (2022)" + "text": "effective regulatory reform has made Botswana’s telecom market one of the most liberalized in the region; there is a service-neutral licensing regime adapted to the convergence of technologies and services, and several operators now compete in all telecom sectors; Botswana has one of the highest mobile penetration rates in Africa; in a bid to generate new revenue streams and secure market share, the three mobile network operators have entered the underdeveloped broadband sector by adopting of 3G, LTE, and WiMAX technologies; in the fixed-line broadband market they compete with a large number of ISPs, some of which have rolled out their own wireless access infrastructure; the landlocked country depends on satellites for international bandwidth, and on other countries for transit capacity to the landing points of international submarine cables; the landing of additional cables in the region in recent years has improved the competitive situation in this sector, while prices for connectivity have fallen dramatically (2022)" }, "domestic": { "text": "fixed-line teledensity has declined in recent years and now stands at roughly 6 telephones per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 163 telephones per 100 persons (2020)" diff --git a/africa/bn.json b/africa/bn.json index 06e7f285..daf62757 100644 --- a/africa/bn.json +++ b/africa/bn.json @@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "13,754,688 (2022 est.)", - "note": "note: estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic" + "note": "note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic" }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ "text": "3.15% (male 193,548/female 211,427)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "2.39% (2020 est.) (male 140,513/female 167,270)" + "text": "2.39% (male 140,513/female 167,270) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/africa/by.json b/africa/by.json index bd97e601..4e24ff5a 100644 --- a/africa/by.json +++ b/africa/by.json @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ }, "Elevation": { "highest point": { - "text": "unnamed elevation on Mukike Range 2,685 m
note - the Factbook map is incorrect; it shows the wrong high elevation" + "text": "unnamed elevation on Mukike Range 2,685 m" }, "lowest point": { "text": "Lake Tanganyika 772 m" @@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "12,696,478 (2022 est.)", - "note": "note: estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic" + "note": "note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic" }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ "text": "4.17% (male 231,088/female 264,131)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "3.06% (2020 est.) (male 155,262/female 207,899)" + "text": "3.06% (male 155,262/female 207,899) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/africa/cd.json b/africa/cd.json index 23ed7d00..0d7eebcc 100644 --- a/africa/cd.json +++ b/africa/cd.json @@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ "text": "3.24% (male 239,634/female 306,477)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "2.43% (2020 est.) (male 176,658/female 233,087)" + "text": "2.43% (male 176,658/female 233,087) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1257,7 +1257,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "393,590 (Sudan), 124,509 (Central African Republic), 35,137 (Cameroon), 20,272 (Nigeria) (2022)" + "text": "393,590 (Sudan), 124,491 (Central African Republic), 35,137 (Cameroon), 20,257 (Nigeria) (2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "381,289 (majority are in the east) (2022)" diff --git a/africa/cf.json b/africa/cf.json index f1d28b0a..f54c8124 100644 --- a/africa/cf.json +++ b/africa/cf.json @@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ "text": "4.59% (male 125,207/female 117,810)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "3.2% (2020 est.) (male 75,921/female 93,676)" + "text": "3.2% (male 75,921/female 93,676) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/africa/cg.json b/africa/cg.json index 585c6009..04f3ec61 100644 --- a/africa/cg.json +++ b/africa/cg.json @@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ "text": "3.36% (male 1,647,267/female 1,769,429)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "2.47% (2020 est.) (male 1,085,539/female 1,423,782)" + "text": "2.47% (male 1,085,539/female 1,423,782) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1140,10 +1140,10 @@ }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "the telecom system remains one of the least developed in the region; the government can only loosely regulate the sector; the investment made in infrastructure is derived from donor countries or from the efforts of foreign (particularly Chinese) companies and banks; efforts have been made to improve the regulation of the telecom sector; the limited fixed-line infrastructure has become the principal providers of basic telecom services; the development of the DRC’s internet and broadband market has been held back by the poorly developed national and international infrastructure; the country was finally connected to international bandwidth through the WACS submarine cable in 2013; breakages in the WACS cable have exposed the vulnerability of international bandwidth, which is still limited; the Equiano submarine cable, and has also completed a 5,000km cable running through the DRC to link to cable systems landing in countries facing the Atlantic and Indian Oceans; the first commercial LTE networks were launched in May 2018 soon after LTE licenses were issued; mobile operators are keen to develop mobile data services, capitalizing on the growth of smartphones usage; there has been some progress with updating technologies (2022)" + "text": "the telecom system remains one of the least developed in the region; the government can only loosely regulate the sector; the investment made in infrastructure is derived from donor countries or from the efforts of foreign (particularly Chinese) companies and banks; efforts have been made to improve the regulation of the telecom sector; the limited fixed-line infrastructure has become the principal providers of basic telecom services; the development of the DRC’s internet and broadband market has been held back by the poorly developed national and international infrastructure; the country was finally connected to international bandwidth through the WACS submarine cable in 2013; breakages in the WACS cable have exposed the vulnerability of international bandwidth, which is still limited; the Equiano submarine cable, and has also completed a 5,000km cable running through the DRC to link to cable systems landing in countries facing the Atlantic and Indian Oceans; the first commercial LTE networks were launched in May 2018 soon after LTE licenses were issued; mobile operators are keen to develop mobile data services, capitalizing on the growth of smartphones usage; there has been some progress with updating technologies, most of the GSM network has been upgraded to 3G by 2021 (2022)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "inadequate fixed-line infrastructure with fixed-line connections less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscriptions over 45 per 100 persons (2019)" + "text": "inadequate fixed-line infrastructure with fixed-line connections less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscriptions over 46 per 100 persons (2020)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 243; ACE and WACS submarine cables to West and South Africa and Europe; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)" diff --git a/africa/cm.json b/africa/cm.json index 66311d5a..0dac70f6 100644 --- a/africa/cm.json +++ b/africa/cm.json @@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ "text": "3.87% (male 520,771/female 552,801)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "3.11% (2020 est.) (male 403,420/female 460,248)" + "text": "3.11% (male 403,420/female 460,248) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1285,7 +1285,7 @@ "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { "text": "Cameroon Armed Forces (Forces Armees Camerounaises, FAC): Army (L'Armee de Terre), Navy (Marine Nationale Republique, MNR, includes naval infantry), Air Force (Armee de l'Air du Cameroun, AAC), Rapid Intervention Battalion (Bataillons d’Intervention Rapide or BIR), National Gendarmerie, Presidential Guard (2022)", - "note": "note 1: the National Police and the National Gendarmerie are responsible for internal security; the Police report to the General Delegation of National Security, while the Gendarmerie reports to the Secretariat of State for Defense in charge of the Gendarmerie

note 2: the Rapid Intervention Battalion (BIR) maintains its own command and control structure and reports directly to the president; the BIR is structured as a large brigade with approximately 9 battalions, detachments, or groups consisting of infantry, airborne, amphibious, armored reconnaissance, counter-terrorism, and support elements" + "note": "note 1: the National Police and the National Gendarmerie are responsible for internal security; the Police report to the General Delegation of National Security, while the Gendarmerie reports to the Secretariat of State for Defense in charge of the Gendarmerie

note 2: the Rapid Intervention Battalion (BIR) maintains its own command and control structure and reports directly to the president; the BIR is structured as a large brigade with up to 9 battalions, detachments, or groups consisting of infantry, airborne/airmobile, amphibious, armored reconnaissance, counterterrorism, and support elements, such as artillery and intelligence" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2021": { @@ -1305,7 +1305,8 @@ } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "information varies widely; approximately 40,000 active duty troops; (25,000 ground forces, including the BIR and Presidential Guard; 2,000 Navy; 1,000 Air Force; 12,000 Gendarmerie) (2022)" + "text": "information varies; approximately 40,000 active-duty troops; (25,000 ground forces, including the Rapid Intervention Battalion/BIR and Presidential Guard; 2,000 Navy; 1,000 Air Force; 12,000 Gendarmerie) (2022)", + "note": "note: the BIR has approximately 5,000 personnel" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the FAC inventory includes a wide mix of mostly older or second-hand Chinese, Russian, and Western equipment, with a limited quantity of more modern weapons; since 2010, China has been the leading supplier of armaments to the FAC (2021)" @@ -1336,7 +1337,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "351,541 (Central African Republic), 136,036 (Nigeria) (2022)" + "text": "353,362 (Central African Republic), 138,107 (Nigeria) (2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "975,786 (2022) (includes far north, northwest, and southwest)" diff --git a/africa/cn.json b/africa/cn.json index 6e58fcf0..4fc29182 100644 --- a/africa/cn.json +++ b/africa/cn.json @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ "text": "4.49% (male 17,237/female 20,781)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "4.08% (2020 est.) (male 15,437/female 19,079)" + "text": "4.08% (male 15,437/female 19,079) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ "text": "last held on 19 January 2020 with a runoff on 23 February 2020 (next to be held in 2025) (2020)" }, "election results": { - "text": "seats by party -1st round - Boycotting parties 16, Independent 3, CRC 2, RDC 2, RADHI 1, Orange party 0; note -  9 additional seats filled by the 3 island assemblies; 2nd round - CRC 20, Orange Party 2, Independents 2; composition for elected members as of 2022 - men 20, women 4, percent of women 16.7%

 

(2019)" + "text": "seats by party -1st round - Boycotting parties 16, Independent 3, CRC 2, RDC 2, RADHI 1, Orange party 0; note - 9 additional seats filled by the 3 island assemblies; 2nd round - CRC 20, Orange Party 2, Independents 2; composition for elected members as of 2022 - men 20, women 4, percent of women 16.7%

 

(2019)" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -1116,7 +1116,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "

claims French-administered Mayotte and challenges France's and Madagascar's claims to Banc du Geyser, a drying reef in the Mozambique Channel; in May 2008, African Union forces assisted the Comoros military recapture Anjouan Island from rebels who seized it in 2001

" + "text": "

claims French-administered Mayotte and challenges France's and Madagascar's claims to Banc du Geyser, a drying reef in the Mozambique Channel; in May 2008, African Union forces assisted the Comoros military in recapturing Anjouan Island from rebels who seized it in 2001

" }, "Trafficking in persons": { "current situation": { diff --git a/africa/ct.json b/africa/ct.json index 6b54cf24..1b74b16f 100644 --- a/africa/ct.json +++ b/africa/ct.json @@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ "text": "10 sq km (2012)" }, "Major rivers (by length in km)": { - "text": "Ubangi river source (shared with Democratic Republic of Congo and Republic of Congo [m]) - 2,270 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth" + "text": "Ubangi river [s] (shared with Democratic Republic of Congo and Republic of Congo [m]) - 2,270 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth" }, "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Congo (3,730,881 sq km), (Mediterranean Sea) Nile (3,254,853 sq km)
Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: Lake Chad (2,497,738 sq km)" @@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ "text": "4.32% (male 123,895/female 134,829)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "3.35% (2020 est.) (male 78,017/female 122,736)" + "text": "3.35% (male 78,017/female 122,736) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ }, "Food insecurity": { "exceptional shortfall in aggregate food production/supplies": { - "text": "due to internal conflict - persisting conflicts and displacements are expected to continue affecting agricultural activities and limit farmers’ access to crop growing areas and inputs, with a negative impact on 2022 crop production; according to an analysis issued in April 2022, the number of severely food insecure people in \"Crisis\" and above is estimated at 2.2 million between April and August 2022, mainly due to high levels of civil insecurity, population displacements and high food prices (2022)" + "text": "due to internal conflict - persisting conflicts and displacements are expected to continue affecting agricultural activities and limit farmers’ access to crop growing areas and inputs, with a negative impact on 2022 crop production; according to an analysis issued in April 2022, the number of severely food insecure people in \"Crisis\" and above were estimated at 2.2 million between April and August 2022, mainly due to high levels of civil insecurity, population displacements and high food prices (2022)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { @@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ } }, "Major rivers (by length in km)": { - "text": "Ubangi river source (shared with Democratic Republic of Congo and Republic of Congo [m]) - 2,270 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth" + "text": "Ubangi river [s] (shared with Democratic Republic of Congo and Republic of Congo [m]) - 2,270 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth" }, "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Congo (3,730,881 sq km), (Mediterranean Sea) Nile (3,254,853 sq km)
Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: Lake Chad (2,497,738 sq km)" @@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "African Party for Radical Transformation and Integration of States or PATRIE [Crepin MBOLI-GOUMBA]
Central African Democratic Rally or RDC [Desire KOLINGBA]
Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People or MLPC [Martin ZIGUELE]
National Convergence (also known as Kwa Na Kwa) or KNK [Francois BOZIZE]
National Movement of Independents or MOUNI
National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Michel AMINE]
National Union of Republican Democrats or UNADER
Party for Democratic Governance or PGD
Path of Hope [Karim MECKASSOUA]
Union for Central African Renewal or URCA [Anicet-Georges DOLOGUELE]
United Hearts Movement or MCU [Faustin-Archange TOUADERA]

note: only parties with seats in the Parliament included
" + "text": "African Party for Radical Transformation and Integration of States or PATRIE [Crepin MBOLI-GOUMBA]
Central African Democratic Rally or RDC [Desire KOLINGBA]
Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People or MLPC [Martin ZIGUELE]
National Convergence (also known as Kwa Na Kwa or KNK) [Francois BOZIZE]
National Movement of Independents or MOUNI
National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Michel AMINE]
National Union of Republican Democrats or UNADER
Party for Democratic Governance or PGD
Path of Hope [Karim MECKASSOUA]
Union for Central African Renewal or URCA [Anicet-Georges DOLOGUELE]
United Hearts Movement or MCU [Faustin-Archange TOUADERA]

note: only parties with seats in the Parliament included
" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, EITI (compliant country) (suspended), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC, MIGA, NAM, OIC (observer), OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" @@ -1212,7 +1212,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "

Central African Republic-South Sudan: periodic violent skirmishes persist among related pastoral populations along the border with the Central African Republic over water and grazing rights

Central African Republic-Sudan: periodic violent skirmishes persist among related pastoral populations along the border with the Central African Republic over water and grazing rights

" + "text": "

Central African Republic-South Sudan: periodic violent skirmishes persist among related pastoral populations along the border with South Sudan over water and grazing rights

Central African Republic-Sudan: periodic violent skirmishes persist among related pastoral populations along the border with Sudan over water and grazing rights

" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/africa/cv.json b/africa/cv.json index 0afe741a..34d1f741 100644 --- a/africa/cv.json +++ b/africa/cv.json @@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ "text": "7.12% (male 18,939/female 22,597)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "5.48% (2020 est.) (male 12,037/female 19,901)" + "text": "5.48% (male 12,037/female 19,901) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/africa/dj.json b/africa/dj.json index c4d0b068..5df49497 100644 --- a/africa/dj.json +++ b/africa/dj.json @@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ "text": "5.01% (male 19,868/female 26,307)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "3.97% (2020 est.) (male 16,245/female 20,319)" + "text": "3.97% (male 16,245/female 20,319) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ "text": "approved by referendum 4 September 1992" }, "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by the National Assembly; Assembly consideration of proposals requires assent of at least one third of the membership; passage requires a simple majority vote by the Assembly and approval by simple majority vote in a referendum; the president can opt to bypass a referendum if adopted by at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly; constitutional articles on the sovereignty of Djibouti, its republican form of government, and its pluralist form of democracy cannot by amended; amended 2006, 2008, 2010" + "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by the National Assembly; Assembly consideration of proposals requires assent of at least one third of the membership; passage requires a simple majority vote by the Assembly and approval by simple majority vote in a referendum; the president can opt to bypass a referendum if adopted by at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly; constitutional articles on the sovereignty of Djibouti, its republican form of government, and its pluralist form of democracy cannot be amended; amended 2006, 2008, 2010" } }, "Legal system": { @@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of NA magistrates); Constitutional Council (consists of 6 magistrates)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court magistrates appointed by the president with the advice of the Superior Council of the Magistracy CSM, a 10-member body consisting of 4 judges, 3 members (non parliamentarians and judges) appointed by the president, and 3 appointed by the National Assembly president or speaker; magistrates appointed for life with retirement at age 65; Constitutional Council magistrate appointments - 2 by the president of the republic, 2 by the president of the National Assembly, and 2 by the CSM; magistrates appointed for 8-year, non-renewable terms" + "text": "Supreme Court magistrates appointed by the president with the advice of the Superior Council of the Magistracy (CSM), a 10-member body consisting of 4 judges, 3 members (non parliamentarians and judges) appointed by the president, and 3 appointed by the National Assembly president or speaker; magistrates appointed for life with retirement at age 65; Constitutional Council magistrate appointments - 2 by the president of the republic, 2 by the president of the National Assembly, and 2 by the CSM; magistrates appointed for 8-year, non-renewable terms" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "High Court of Appeal; 5 Courts of First Instance; customary courts; State Court (replaced sharia courts in 2003)" @@ -1200,7 +1200,7 @@ "text": "

as of 2022, China, France, Italy, Japan, and the US maintained bases in Djibouti for regional military missions, including counter-terrorism, counter-piracy, crisis response, and security assistance (note – France has multiple bases and hosts troop contingents from Germany and Spain); the EU and NATO have also maintained a presence to support multinational naval counter-piracy operations and maritime training efforts; in 2017, Djibouti and Saudi Arabia announced plans for the Saudis to build a military base there, although no start date was announced

" }, "Maritime threats": { - "text": "the International Maritime Bureau’s (IMB) Piracy Reporting Center (PRC) received one incident of piracy and armed robbery in 2021 for the Horn of Africa; while there were no recorded incidents, the IMB PRC warns that Somalia pirates continue to possess the capacity to carry out attacks in the Somali basin and wider Indian Ocean; in particular, the report warns that, \"Masters and crew must remain vigilant and cautious when transiting these waters.\"; the presence of several naval task forces in the Gulf of Aden and additional anti-piracy measures on the part of ship operators, including the use of on-board armed security teams, contributed to the drop in incidents; the EU naval mission, Operation ATALANTA, continues its operations in the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean through 2022; naval units from China, India, Japan, Pakistan, South Korea, the US, and other countries also operate in conjunction with EU forces; China has established a logistical base in Djibouti to support its deployed naval units in the Horn of Africa" + "text": "the International Maritime Bureau’s (IMB) Piracy Reporting Center (PRC) received one incident of piracy and armed robbery in 2021 for the Horn of Africa; while there were no recorded incidents, the IMB PRC warned that Somali pirates continue to possess the capacity to carry out attacks in the Somali basin and wider Indian Ocean; in particular, the report warns that, \"Masters and crew must remain vigilant and cautious when transiting these waters.\"; the presence of several naval task forces in the Gulf of Aden and additional anti-piracy measures on the part of ship operators, including the use of on-board armed security teams, contributed to the drop in incidents; the EU naval mission, Operation ATALANTA, continues its operations in the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean through 2022; naval units from China, India, Japan, Pakistan, South Korea, the US, and other countries also operate in conjunction with EU forces; China has established a base in Djibouti to support its deployed naval units in the Horn of Africa" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/africa/eg.json b/africa/eg.json index 0513798f..04090502 100644 --- a/africa/eg.json +++ b/africa/eg.json @@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ "text": "6.08% (male 3,160,438/female 3,172,544)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "4.44% (2020 est.) (male 2,213,539/female 2,411,457)" + "text": "4.44% (male 2,213,539/female 2,411,457) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ }, "Sanitation facility access": { "improved: urban": { - "text": "urban: 99% of population" + "text": "urban: 99.9% of population" }, "improved: rural": { "text": "rural: 98.2% of population" @@ -1129,7 +1129,7 @@ }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "Egypt’s large telecom market is supported by a population of about 103 million and benefits from effective competition in most sectors; a liberal regulatory regime allows for unified licenses which permit operators to offer fixed-line as well as mobile services; in recent years the government has developed a number of digital migration projects aimed at increasing average broadband speeds, delivering fiber broadband to about 60% of the population, developing an in-house satellite program, and creating a knowledge-based economy through the greater adoption of ICTs; the New Administrative Capital being built is only one of more than a dozen smart city projects, which together are stimulating investment in 5G and fiber broadband, as well as the adoption of IoT and AI solutions; the country endeavor to be a significant ICT hub in the North Africa and Middle East regions; Egypt’s mature mobile market has one of the highest subscription rates in Africa; progress in the adoption of mobile data services has been hampered by the lack of sufficient spectrum; the regulator in September 2020 made available 60MHz in the 2.6GHz band, though the spectrum was not allocated until late 2021; the additional spectrum will go far to enabling the MNOs to improve the quality of mobile broadband services offered; further 5G trials are to be held later in 2022, focused on the New Administrative Capital; the international cable infrastructure remains an important asset for Egypt, which benefits from its geographical position; Telecom Egypt has become one of the largest concerns in this segment, being a participating member in numerous cable systems; in mid-2021 the telco announced plans to build the Hybrid African Ring Path system, connecting a number of landlocked countries in Africa with Italy, France, and Portugal; the system will partly use the company’s existing terrestrial and sub sea cable networks (2022)" + "text": "Egypt’s large telecom market is supported by a population of about 108 million and benefits from effective competition in most sectors; a liberal regulatory regime allows for unified licenses which permit operators to offer fixed-line as well as mobile services; in recent years the government has developed a number of digital migration projects aimed at increasing average broadband speeds, delivering fiber broadband to about 60% of the population, developing an in-house satellite program, and creating a knowledge-based economy through the greater adoption of ICTs; the New Administrative Capital being built is only one of more than a dozen smart city projects, which together are stimulating investment in 5G and fiber broadband, as well as the adoption of IoT and AI solutions; the country endeavors to be a significant ICT hub in the North Africa and Middle East regions; Egypt’s mature mobile market has one of the highest subscription rates in Africa; progress in the adoption of mobile data services has been hampered by the lack of sufficient spectrum; the regulator in September 2020 made available 60MHz in the 2.6GHz band, though the spectrum was not allocated until late 2021; the additional spectrum will go far to enabling the MNOs to improve the quality of mobile broadband services offered; further 5G trials are to be held later in 2022, focused on the New Administrative Capital; the international cable infrastructure remains an important asset for Egypt, which benefits from its geographical position; Telecom Egypt has become one of the largest concerns in this segment, being a participating member in numerous cable systems; in mid-2021 the telco announced plans to build the Hybrid African Ring Path system, connecting a number of landlocked countries in Africa with Italy, France, and Portugal; the system will partly use the company’s existing terrestrial and sub sea cable networks (2022)" }, "domestic": { "text": "fixed-line roughly 10 per 100, mobile-cellular 93 per 100 (2020)" diff --git a/africa/ek.json b/africa/ek.json index f0cd8639..82b22667 100644 --- a/africa/ek.json +++ b/africa/ek.json @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ "text": "4.69% (male 17,252/female 22,006)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "3.92% (2020 est.) (male 13,464/female 19,334)" + "text": "3.92% (male 13,464/female 19,334) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1008,10 +1008,10 @@ }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "Equatorial Guinea’s climate for operator competition boosted mobile subscribership; broadband services are limited and expensive; submarine cable supported broadband and reliability of infrastructure; government backbone network will connect administrative centers; regional roaming agreement in process (2018)" + "text": "the telecom service is forecasted to register a growth of more than 6% during the period of 2022-2026; mobile data is the largest contributor to total service revenue in 2021, followed by mobile voice, fixed broadband, mobile messaging, and fixed voice; the launch of the international submarine cable ACE, which connects 13 West African countries with Europe, will improve international capacity, bringing opportunities to data center providers; 4G network expansion and 4G service promotion will allow consumers and businesses to leverage 4G services (2022)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "fixed-line density is less than 1 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular subscribership is roughly 45 per 100 (2019)" + "text": "fixed-line density is less than 1 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular subscribership is roughly 46 per 100 (2020)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 240; landing points for the ACE, Ceiba-1, and Ceiba-2 submarine cables providing communication from Bata and Malabo, Equatorial Guinea to numerous Western African and European countries; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2019)" diff --git a/africa/er.json b/africa/er.json index 1fb51bb7..cfd064c7 100644 --- a/africa/er.json +++ b/africa/er.json @@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ "text": "3.8% (male 105,092/female 125,735)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "4% (2020 est.) (male 99,231/female 143,949)" + "text": "4% (male 99,231/female 143,949) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1022,10 +1022,10 @@ }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "Eritrea’s telecom sector operates under a state-owned monopoly for fixed and mobile services; the country has the least developed telecommunications market in Africa; mobile subscriptions stands at only about 20%, while fixed-line internet use barely registers; this is exacerbated by the very low use of computers, with only about 4% of households having a computer, and most of these being in the capital, Asmara; the provision of internet services is open to competition, about 2% of households have access to the internet; considerable investment in telecom infrastructure is still required to improve the quality of services; the government has embarked on a work program aimed at extending services to remote areas, improving the quality of services, and ensuring that more telecoms infrastructure is supported by solar power to compensate for the poor state of the electricity network; additional foreign investment in telecom infrastructure, as well as introduction of more competition, would help transform what remains a virtually untapped market (2021)" + "text": "Eritrea’s telecom sector operates under a state-owned monopoly for fixed and mobile services; as a result of such restrictions on competition, the country has the least developed telecommunications market in Africa; mobile penetration stands at only about 20%, while fixed-line internet use barely registers; this is exacerbated by the very low use of computers, with only about 4% of households having a computer, and most of these being in the capital, Asmara; the 3G network continues to rollout which provides basic internet access to the majority or Eritreans; investment in telecom infrastructure is still required to improve the quality of services; the government has embarked on a work program to do exactly that, specifically aimed at extending services to remote areas, improving the quality of services, and ensuring that more telecoms infrastructure is supported by solar power to compensate for the poor state of the electricity network; additional foreign investment in telecom infrastructure, as well as introduction of more competition, would help transform what remains a virtually untapped market (2022)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "fixed-line subscribership is less than 2 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular is just over 20 per 100 (2019)" + "text": "fixed-line subscribership is less than 2 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular is just over 51 per 100 (2020)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 291 (2019)" diff --git a/africa/et.json b/africa/et.json index 56e81043..fed043cc 100644 --- a/africa/et.json +++ b/africa/et.json @@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ "text": "4.42% (male 2,350,606/female 2,433,319)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "3.38% (2020 est.) (male 1,676,478/female 1,977,857)" + "text": "3.38% (male 1,676,478/female 1,977,857) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1317,7 +1317,7 @@ "text": "5-10,000 Somalia (4,500 for ATMIS; the remainder under a bilateral agreement with Somalia; note - bilateral figures are prior to the conflict with Tigray); 250 Sudan (UNISFA); 1,475 South Sudan (UNMISS) (2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "since November 2020, the Government of Ethiopia has been engaged in a protracted military conflict with the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), the former governing party of the Tigray Region; the government deemed a TPLF attack on Ethiopia military forces as a domestic terrorism incident and launched a military offensive in response; the TPLF asserted that its actions were self-defense in the face of planned Ethiopian Government action to remove it from the provincial government; the Ethiopian Government sent large elements of the ENDF into Tigray to remove the TPLF and invited militia and paramilitary forces from the states of Afar and Amara, as well as the military forces of Eritrea, to assist; the fighting included heavy civilian and military casualties with widespread abuses reported; in March 2022, the Ethiopian Government declared a  truce to facilitate the flow of humanitarian aid into the Tigray region; the TPLF reciprocated with a truce of its own; however, fighting between the TPLF and the Ethiopian Government resumed in August 2022

the military forces of the Tigray regional government are known as the Tigray Defense Force (TDF); the TDF is comprised of state paramilitary forces, local militia, and troops that defected from the ENDF; it was reported to have up to 250,000 fighters at the start of the conflict

in 2022, the ENDF was also engaged in counterinsurgency operations against anti-government militants in several other states; the largest was in Oromya (Oromia) against the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA; aka Shene), an insurgent group that claimed to be fighting for greater autonomy for the Oromo, Ethiopia's largest ethnic group; the OLA was a member of a coalition of eight anti-government factions known as the United Front of Ethiopia and Confederalist Forces (UFEFCF); formed in 2021, the UFEFCF included the TPLF, as well as rebel groups of variable sizes from several regions of the country; the OLA has also clashed with ethnic militias (aka Fano) from the neighboring state of Amara

in July 2022, militants from the Somalia-based terrorist group al-Shabaab launched an incursion into Ethiopia's Somali (Sumale) region, attacking villages and security forces; the Ethiopian Government claimed that regional security forces killed hundreds of Shabaab fighters and subsequently deployed additional ENDF troops into Somalia’s Gedo region to prevent further such incursions (2022)" + "text": "since November 2020, the Government of Ethiopia has been engaged in a protracted military conflict with the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), the former governing party of the Tigray Region; the government deemed a TPLF attack on Ethiopia military forces as a domestic terrorism incident and launched a military offensive in response; the TPLF asserted that its actions were self-defense in the face of planned Ethiopian Government action to remove it from the provincial government; the Ethiopian Government sent large elements of the ENDF into Tigray to remove the TPLF and invited militia and paramilitary forces from the states of Afar and Amara, as well as the military forces of Eritrea, to assist; the fighting included heavy civilian and military casualties with widespread abuses reported; in March 2022, the Ethiopian Government declared a  truce to facilitate the flow of humanitarian aid into the Tigray region; the TPLF reciprocated with a truce of its own; however, fighting between the TPLF and the Ethiopian Government resumed in August 2022; the two sides agreed to another cease-fire in November 2022

the military forces of the Tigray regional government are known as the Tigray Defense Force (TDF); the TDF is comprised of state paramilitary forces, local militia, and troops that defected from the ENDF; it was reported to have up to 250,000 fighters at the start of the conflict

in 2022, the ENDF was also engaged in counterinsurgency operations against anti-government militants in several other states; the largest was in Oromya (Oromia) against the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA; aka Shene), an insurgent group that claimed to be fighting for greater autonomy for the Oromo, Ethiopia's largest ethnic group; the OLA was a member of a coalition of eight anti-government factions known as the United Front of Ethiopia and Confederalist Forces (UFEFCF); formed in 2021, the UFEFCF included the TPLF, as well as rebel groups of variable sizes from several regions of the country; the OLA has also clashed with ethnic militias (aka Fano) from the neighboring state of Amara

in July 2022, militants from the Somalia-based terrorist group al-Shabaab launched an incursion into Ethiopia's Somali (Sumale) region, attacking villages and security forces; the Ethiopian Government claimed that regional security forces killed hundreds of Shabaab fighters and subsequently deployed additional ENDF troops into Somalia’s Gedo region to prevent further such incursions (2022)" } }, "Terrorism": { @@ -1332,7 +1332,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "406,001 (South Sudan), 250,719 (Somalia), 161,963 (Eritrea), 48,132 (Sudan) (2022)" + "text": "407,382 (South Sudan), 251,126 (Somalia), 161,963 (Eritrea), 48,132 (Sudan) (2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "2,114,653 (includes conflict- and climate-induced IDPs, excluding unverified estimates from the Amhara region; border war with Eritrea from 1998-2000; ethnic clashes; and ongoing fighting between the Ethiopian military and separatist rebel groups in the Somali and Oromia regions; natural disasters; intercommunal violence; most IDPs live in Sumale state) (2021)" diff --git a/africa/ga.json b/africa/ga.json index d637f10b..433fd5bc 100644 --- a/africa/ga.json +++ b/africa/ga.json @@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ "text": "4.53% (male 48,032/female 52,538)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "3.81% (2021 est.) (male 38,805/female 45,801)" + "text": "3.81% (male 38,805/female 45,801) (2021 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/africa/gb.json b/africa/gb.json index abb1f0d1..51ec508b 100644 --- a/africa/gb.json +++ b/africa/gb.json @@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ "text": "5.19% (male 58,861/female 56,843)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "3.98% (2020 est.) (male 44,368/female 44,381)" + "text": "3.98% (male 44,368/female 44,381) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/africa/gh.json b/africa/gh.json index f88887f3..08bc357f 100644 --- a/africa/gh.json +++ b/africa/gh.json @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ "text": "5.21% (male 743,757/female 784,517)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "4.44% (2020 est.) (male 598,387/female 703,686)" + "text": "4.44% (male 598,387/female 703,686) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1128,7 +1128,7 @@ "text": "challenged by unreliable electricity and shortage of skilled labor, Ghana seeks to extend telecom services nationally; investment in fiber infrastructure and off-grid solutions provide data coverage to over 23 million people; launch of LTE has improved mobile data services, including m-commerce and banking; moderately competitive Internet market, most through mobile networks; international submarine cables, and terrestrial cables have improved Internet capacity; LTE services are widely available; the relatively high cost of 5G-compatible devices also inhibits most subscribers from migrating from 3G and LTE platforms (2022)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "fixed-line data about 1 per 200 subscriptions; competition among multiple mobile-cellular providers has spurred growth with a voice subscribership of more than 130 per 100 persons (2022)" + "text": "fixed-line data less than 1 per 100 subscriptions; competition among multiple mobile-cellular providers has spurred growth with a voice subscribership of more than 130 per 100 persons (2020)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 233; landing points for the SAT-3/WASC, MainOne, ACE, WACS and GLO-1 fiber-optic submarine cables that provide connectivity to South and West Africa, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay link to Panaftel system connects Ghana to its neighbors; GhanaSat-1 nanosatellite launched in 2017 (2017)" diff --git a/africa/gv.json b/africa/gv.json index f7b29a82..7a2c664b 100644 --- a/africa/gv.json +++ b/africa/gv.json @@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ "text": "4.73% (male 287,448/female 305,420)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "3.91% (2020 est.) (male 218,803/female 270,492)" + "text": "3.91% (male 218,803/female 270,492) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1121,7 +1121,7 @@ "text": "the number of mobile subscribers grew strongly while revenue also increased steadily; fixed broadband services are still very limited and expensive, though there have been some positive developments in recent years; the landing of the first international submarine cable in 2012, and the setting up of an IXP in mid-2013, increased the bandwidth available to the ISPs, and helped reduce the cost of internet services for end-users; a National Backbone Network was completed in mid-2020, connecting administrative centers across the country; almost all internet connections are made via mobile networks; GSM services account for a dwindling proportion of connections, in line with the greater reach of services based on 3G and LTE (2022)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "there is national coverage and Conakry is reasonably well-served; coverage elsewhere remains inadequate but is improving; fixed-line teledensity is less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership is just over 100 per 100 persons (2019)" + "text": "fixed-line teledensity is less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership is just over 105 per 100 persons (2020)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 224; ACE submarine cable connecting Guinea with 20 landing points in Western and South Africa and Europe; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean (2019)" diff --git a/africa/iv.json b/africa/iv.json index 55e55d58..66fb4ffc 100644 --- a/africa/iv.json +++ b/africa/iv.json @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "28,713,423 (2022 est.)", - "note": "note: estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic" + "note": "note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic" }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ "text": "3.53% (male 494,000/female 476,060)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "2.85% (2020 est.) (male 349,822/female 433,385)" + "text": "2.85% (male 349,822/female 433,385) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1140,7 +1140,7 @@ "note": "note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services" }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "state-controlled Radiodiffusion Television Ivoirieinne (RTI) is made up of 2 radios stations (Radio Cote d'Ivoire and Frequence2) and 2 television stations (RTI1 and RTI2), with nationwide coverage, broadcasts mainly in French; after 2011 post-electoral crisis, President OUATTARA's administration reopened RTI Bouake', the broadcaster's office in Cote d'Ivoire's 2nd largest city, where facilities were destroyed during the 2002 rebellion; Cote d'Ivoire is also home to 178 proximity radios stations, 16 religious radios stations, 5 commercial radios stations, and 5 international radios stations, according to the Haute Autorite' de la Communication Audiovisuelle (HACA); govt now runs radio UNOCIFM, a radio station previously owned by the UN Operation in Cote d'Ivoire; in Dec 2016, the govt announced 4 companies had been granted licenses to operate -Live TV, Optimum Media Cote d'Ivoire, the Audiovisual Company of Cote d'Ivoire (Sedaci), and Sorano-CI, out of the 4 companies only one has started operating (2019)" + "text": "state-controlled Radiodiffusion Television Ivoirieinne (RTI) is made up of 2 radio stations (Radio Cote d'Ivoire and Frequence2) and 2 television stations (RTI1 and RTI2), with nationwide coverage, broadcasts mainly in French; after 2011 post-electoral crisis, President OUATTARA's administration reopened RTI Bouake', the broadcaster's office in Cote d'Ivoire's 2nd largest city, where facilities were destroyed during the 2002 rebellion; Cote d'Ivoire is also home to 178 proximity radio stations, 16 religious radio stations, 5 commercial radio stations, and 5 international radios stations, according to the Haute Autorite' de la Communication Audiovisuelle (HACA); govt now runs radio UNOCIFM, a radio station previously owned by the UN Operation in Cote d'Ivoire; in Dec 2016, the govt announced 4 companies had been granted licenses to operate -Live TV, Optimum Media Cote d'Ivoire, the Audiovisual Company of Cote d'Ivoire (Sedaci), and Sorano-CI, out of the 4 companies only one has started operating (2019)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".ci" diff --git a/africa/ke.json b/africa/ke.json index e900accf..5161f304 100644 --- a/africa/ke.json +++ b/africa/ke.json @@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ "text": "4.01% (male 1,053,202/female 1,093,305)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "3.07% (2020 est.) (male 750,988/female 892,046)" + "text": "3.07% (male 750,988/female 892,046) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president, subject to confirmation by the National Assembly" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president and deputy president directly elected on the same ballot by qualified majority popular vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); in addition to receiving an absolute majority popular vote, the presidential candidate must also win at least 25% of the votes cast in at least 24 of the 47 counties to avoid a runoff; election last held on 26 October 2017 (next to be held on 9 August 2022)" + "text": "president and deputy president directly elected on the same ballot by qualified majority popular vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); in addition to receiving an absolute majority popular vote, the presidential candidate must also win at least 25% of the votes cast in at least 24 of the 47 counties to avoid a runoff; election last held on 9 August 2022 (next to be held in 2027)" }, "election results": { "text": "2017: Uhuru KENYATTA reelected president; percent of vote - Uhuru KENYATTA (Jubilee Party) 98.3%, Raila ODINGA (ODM) 1%, other 0.7%; note - Kenya held a previous presidential election on 8 August 2017, but Kenya's Supreme Court on 1 September 2017 nullified the results, citing irregularities; the political opposition boycotted the October vote

2013:  Uhuru KENYATTA elected president in first round; percent of vote - Uhuru KENYATTA (TNA) 50.1%, Raila ODINGA (ODM) 43.7%, Musalia MUDAVADI (UDF) 4.0%, other 2.2%" diff --git a/africa/li.json b/africa/li.json index 0f11046d..307e19fe 100644 --- a/africa/li.json +++ b/africa/li.json @@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ "text": "3.46% (male 89,150/female 86,231)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "2.83% (2020 est.) (male 70,252/female 73,442)" + "text": "2.83% (male 70,252/female 73,442) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/africa/lt.json b/africa/lt.json index 0e8a35be..cba5330c 100644 --- a/africa/lt.json +++ b/africa/lt.json @@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ "text": "4.98% (male 52,441/female 45,726)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "5.6% (2020 est.) (male 57,030/female 53,275)" + "text": "5.6% (male 57,030/female 53,275) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ "text": "King LETSIE III (since 7 February 1996); note - King LETSIE III formerly occupied the throne from November 1990 to February 1995 while his father was in exile" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Moeketsi MAJORO (since 20 May 2020); note - Prime Minister Thomas THABANE resigned on 19 May 2020" + "text": "Prime Minister Ntsokoane Samuel MATEKANE (4 November 2022)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "consists of the prime minister, appointed by the King on the advice of the Council of State, the deputy prime minister, and 26 other ministers" diff --git a/africa/ly.json b/africa/ly.json index 350099dc..d53301d6 100644 --- a/africa/ly.json +++ b/africa/ly.json @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ "text": "5.52% (male 186,913/female 193,560)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "4.04% (2020 est.) (male 129,177/female 149,526)" + "text": "4.04% (male 129,177/female 149,526) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/africa/ma.json b/africa/ma.json index 83416fef..e8c2eaf3 100644 --- a/africa/ma.json +++ b/africa/ma.json @@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ "text": "4.6% (male 611,364/female 627,315)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "3.47% (2020 est.) (male 425,122/female 509,951)" + "text": "3.47% (male 425,122/female 509,951) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/africa/mi.json b/africa/mi.json index 0399e06c..edc4acdc 100644 --- a/africa/mi.json +++ b/africa/mi.json @@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ "text": "2.98% (male 303,803/female 328,092)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "2.68% (2020 est.) (male 249,219/female 318,938)" + "text": "2.68% (male 249,219/female 318,938) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/africa/ml.json b/africa/ml.json index 7d14c6e7..5cd7ec5c 100644 --- a/africa/ml.json +++ b/africa/ml.json @@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ "text": "3.68% (male 367,710/female 352,170)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "3.02% (2020 est.) (male 293,560/female 297,401)" + "text": "3.02% (male 293,560/female 297,401) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/africa/mo.json b/africa/mo.json index ac7a84b3..4e3c9f20 100644 --- a/africa/mo.json +++ b/africa/mo.json @@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ "text": "8.67% (male 1,533,771/female 1,548,315)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "7.11% (2020 est.) (male 1,225,307/female 1,302,581)" + "text": "7.11% (male 1,225,307/female 1,302,581) (2020 est.)" }, "note": "note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara" }, diff --git a/africa/mp.json b/africa/mp.json index 438f85ad..c82b5fe1 100644 --- a/africa/mp.json +++ b/africa/mp.json @@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ "text": "12.31% (male 80,952/female 88,785)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "11.08% (2020 est.) (male 63,230/female 89,638)" + "text": "11.08% (male 63,230/female 89,638) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/africa/mr.json b/africa/mr.json index c2475822..548a9e95 100644 --- a/africa/mr.json +++ b/africa/mr.json @@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ "text": "4.9% (male 88,888/female 107,201)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "3.92% (2020 est.) (male 66,407/female 90,707)" + "text": "3.92% (male 66,407/female 90,707) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/africa/mz.json b/africa/mz.json index 055504c4..3e42e8f5 100644 --- a/africa/mz.json +++ b/africa/mz.json @@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ "text": "3.31% (male 485,454/female 509,430)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "2.93% (2020 est.) (male 430,797/female 449,771)" + "text": "2.93% (male 430,797/female 449,771) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1258,6 +1258,9 @@ "Ports and terminals": { "major seaport(s)": { "text": "Beira, Maputo, Nacala" + }, + "LNG terminal(s) (export)": { + "text": "Coral Sul (FLNG)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/ng.json b/africa/ng.json index 00bb25cd..16a0c442 100644 --- a/africa/ng.json +++ b/africa/ng.json @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ "text": "3.17% (male 357,832/female 364,774)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "2.68% (2020 est.) (male 293,430/female 317,866)" + "text": "2.68% (male 293,430/female 317,866) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1283,7 +1283,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "187,130 (Nigeria), 65,026 (Mali) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022)" + "text": "187,136 (Nigeria), 65,026 (Mali) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "376,809 (includes the regions of Diffa, Tillaberi, and Tahoua; unknown how many of the 11,000 people displaced by clashes between government forces and the Tuareg militant group, Niger Movement for Justice, in 2007 are still displaced; inter-communal violence; Boko Haram attacks in southern Niger, 2015) (2022)" diff --git a/africa/ni.json b/africa/ni.json index ee005367..85023677 100644 --- a/africa/ni.json +++ b/africa/ni.json @@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ "text": "4.13% (male 4,327,847/female 4,514,264)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "3.3% (2020 est.) (male 3,329,083/female 3,733,801)" + "text": "3.3% (male 3,329,083/female 3,733,801) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/africa/od.json b/africa/od.json index 4f75a314..61c2b032 100644 --- a/africa/od.json +++ b/africa/od.json @@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ "text": "3.93% (male 228,875/female 186,571)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "2.53% (2020 est.) (male 153,502/female 113,930)" + "text": "2.53% (male 153,502/female 113,930) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/africa/pu.json b/africa/pu.json index 579d70ac..565a7561 100644 --- a/africa/pu.json +++ b/africa/pu.json @@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ "text": "3.12% (male 29,549/female 30,661)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "3.08% (2020 est.) (male 25,291/female 34,064)" + "text": "3.08% (male 25,291/female 34,064) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/africa/rw.json b/africa/rw.json index 767f8ed3..59b1a249 100644 --- a/africa/rw.json +++ b/africa/rw.json @@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ "text": "4.24% (male 241,462/female 298,163)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "2.65% (2020 est.) (male 134,648/female 201,710)" + "text": "2.65% (male 134,648/female 201,710) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1234,7 +1234,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "76,465 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) 48,474 (Burundi) (2022)" + "text": "76,465 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) 48,369 (Burundi) (2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "9,500 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/africa/se.json b/africa/se.json index ea2c5f6e..7a24e8f7 100644 --- a/africa/se.json +++ b/africa/se.json @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ "text": "tropical marine; humid; cooler season during southeast monsoon (late May to September); warmer season during northwest monsoon (March to May)" }, "Terrain": { - "text": "Mahe Group is volcanic with a narrow coastal strip and rocky, hilly interior; others are coral, flat, elevated reefs" + "text": "Mahe Group is volcanic with a narrow coastal strip and rocky, hilly interior; others are relatively flat coral atolls, or elevated reefs; sits atop the submarine Mascarene Plateau" }, "Elevation": { "highest point": { @@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ "text": "11.46% (male 5,545/female 5,455)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "8.27% (2020 est.) (male 3,272/female 4,664)" + "text": "8.27% (male 3,272/female 4,664) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/africa/sf.json b/africa/sf.json index 6eec76de..0255799f 100644 --- a/africa/sf.json +++ b/africa/sf.json @@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ "text": "6.8% (male 1,782,902/female 2,056,988)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "6.09% (2020 est.) (male 1,443,956/female 1,992,205)" + "text": "6.09% (male 1,443,956/female 1,992,205) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/africa/sg.json b/africa/sg.json index 5e09b605..9aa5ee34 100644 --- a/africa/sg.json +++ b/africa/sg.json @@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ "text": "4.21% (male 283,480/female 378,932)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "3.1% (2020 est.) (male 212,332/female 275,957)" + "text": "3.1% (male 212,332/female 275,957) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/africa/sh.json b/africa/sh.json index 1d8c798a..b60d7084 100644 --- a/africa/sh.json +++ b/africa/sh.json @@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ "text": "13.53% (male 523/female 549)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "18.06% (2022 est.) (male 730/female 701)" + "text": "18.06% (male 730/female 701) (2022 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/africa/sl.json b/africa/sl.json index 6b500b82..6df87f4c 100644 --- a/africa/sl.json +++ b/africa/sl.json @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ "text": "3.89% (male 121,733/female 135,664)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "3.7% (2020 est.) (male 100,712/female 144,382)" + "text": "3.7% (male 100,712/female 144,382) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/africa/so.json b/africa/so.json index 82995ba3..b2055ec8 100644 --- a/africa/so.json +++ b/africa/so.json @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ "text": "Sunni Muslim (Islam) (official, according to the 2012 Transitional Federal Charter)" }, "Demographic profile": { - "text": "

Somalia scores very low for most humanitarian indicators, suffering from poor governance, protracted internal conflict, underdevelopment, economic decline, poverty, social and gender inequality, and environmental degradation. Despite civil war and famine raising its mortality rate, Somalia’s high fertility rate and large proportion of people of reproductive age maintain rapid population growth, with each generation being larger than the prior one. More than 60% of Somalia’s population is younger than 25, and the fertility rate is among the world’s highest at almost 6 children per woman – a rate that has decreased little since the 1970s.

A lack of educational and job opportunities is a major source of tension for Somalia’s large youth cohort, making them vulnerable to recruitment by extremist and pirate groups. Somalia has one of the world’s lowest primary school enrollment rates – just over 40% of children are in school – and one of world’s highest youth unemployment rates. Life expectancy is low as a result of high infant and maternal mortality rates, the spread of preventable diseases, poor sanitation, chronic malnutrition, and inadequate health services.

During the two decades of conflict that followed the fall of the SIAD regime in 1991, hundreds of thousands of Somalis fled their homes. Today Somalia is the world’s fourth highest source country for refugees, after Ukraine, Syria and Afghanistan. Insecurity, drought, floods, food shortages, and a lack of economic opportunities are the driving factors.

As of 2022, more than 660,000 Somali refugees were hosted in the region, mainly in Kenya, Yemen, Egypt, Ethiopia, Djibouti, and Uganda, while nearly 3 million Somalis were internally displaced. Since the implementation of a tripartite voluntary repatriation agreement among Kenya, Somalia, and the UNHCR in 2013, nearly 40,000 Somali refugees have returned home from Kenya’s Dadaab refugee camp – still houses to approximately 260,000 Somalis. The flow sped up rapidly after the Kenyan Government in May 2016 announced its intention to close the camp, worsening security and humanitarian conditions in receiving communities in south-central Somalia. Despite the conflict in Yemen, thousands of Somalis and other refugees and asylum seekers from the Horn of Africa risk their lives crossing the Gulf of Aden to reach Yemen and beyond (often Saudi Arabia). Bossaso in Puntland overtook Obock, Djibouti, as the primary departure point in mid-2014.

" + "text": "

Somalia scores very low for most humanitarian indicators, suffering from poor governance, protracted internal conflict, underdevelopment, economic decline, poverty, social and gender inequality, and environmental degradation. Despite civil war and famine raising its mortality rate, Somalia’s high fertility rate and large proportion of people of reproductive age maintain rapid population growth, with each generation being larger than the prior one. More than 60% of Somalia’s population is younger than 25, and the fertility rate is among the world’s highest at almost 6 children per woman – a rate that has decreased little since the 1970s.

A lack of educational and job opportunities is a major source of tension for Somalia’s large youth cohort, making them vulnerable to recruitment by extremist and pirate groups. Somalia has one of the world’s lowest primary school enrollment rates – just over 40% of children are in school – and one of world’s highest youth unemployment rates. Life expectancy is low as a result of high infant and maternal mortality rates, the spread of preventable diseases, poor sanitation, chronic malnutrition, and inadequate health services.

During the two decades of conflict that followed the fall of the SIAD regime in 1991, hundreds of thousands of Somalis fled their homes. Today Somalia is the world’s fourth highest source country for refugees, after Ukraine, Syria and Afghanistan. Insecurity, drought, floods, food shortages, and a lack of economic opportunities are the driving factors.

As of 2022, more than 660,000 Somali refugees were hosted in the region, mainly in Kenya, Yemen, Egypt, Ethiopia, Djibouti, and Uganda, while nearly 3 million Somalis were internally displaced. Since the implementation of a tripartite voluntary repatriation agreement among Kenya, Somalia, and the UNHCR in 2013, many Somali refugees have returned home, some 80,000 between 2014 and 2022.  The Kenyan Government in March 2021 ordered the closure of its two largest refugee camps, Dadaab and Kakuma, which then hosted more than 410,000 mainly Somali refugees.  However, the UN refugee agency presented a road map, including voluntary repatriation, relocation to third countries, and alternative stay options that persuaded the Kenyan Government to delay the closures.  The plan was supposed to lead to both camps being closed by 30 June 2022. Yet, as of May 2022, few Somali refugees had decided to return home because of security concerns and the lack of job prospects, instead waiting in the camps unsure of what the future held for them. Other Somali asylum seekers brave the dangers of crossing the Gulf of Aden to reach Yemen – despite its internal conflict – with aspirations to move onward to Saudi Arabia and other locations.

" }, "Age structure": { "0-14 years": { @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ "text": "4.61% (male 278,132/female 264,325)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "2.27% (2020 est.) (male 106,187/female 161,242)" + "text": "2.27% (male 106,187/female 161,242) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/africa/su.json b/africa/su.json index ba6502d6..8731c1c2 100644 --- a/africa/su.json +++ b/africa/su.json @@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ "text": "4.13% (male 956,633/female 923,688)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "3.03% (2020 est.) (male 729,214/female 649,721)" + "text": "3.03% (male 729,214/female 649,721) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/africa/to.json b/africa/to.json index d1ead9f2..f3d01dcc 100644 --- a/africa/to.json +++ b/africa/to.json @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ "text": "4.42% (male 179,779/female 200,392)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "3.57% (2020 est.) (male 132,304/female 175,074)" + "text": "3.57% (male 132,304/female 175,074) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/africa/tp.json b/africa/tp.json index 465be7f0..dc610c8e 100644 --- a/africa/tp.json +++ b/africa/tp.json @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ "text": "4.17% (male 4,095/female 4,700)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "2.87% (2020 est.) (male 2,631/female 3,420)" + "text": "2.87% (male 2,631/female 3,420) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -580,13 +580,13 @@ "text": "President Carlos Manuel VILA NOVA (since 2 October 2021)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Jorge BOM JESUS (since 3 December 2018)" + "text": "Prime Minister Patrice TROVOADA (since 11 November 2022)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 18 July 2021 and runoff on 5 September 2021 (next to be held in 2026); prime minister chosen by the National Assembly and approved by the president " + "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 18 July 2021 and runoff on 5 September 2021 (next to be held in 2026); prime minister chosen by the National Assembly and approved by the president" }, "election results": { "text": "
2021: Carlos Manuel VILA NOVA elected president in the second round; percent of vote in the first round - Carlos Manuel VILA NOVA (IDA) 39.5%; Guilherme POSSER DA COSTA (MLSTP-PSD) 20.8%; Delfim NEVES (PCD-GR) 16.9%; Abel BOM JESUS (independent) 3.6%; Maria DAS NEVES (independent) 3.3%; other 15.9%; percent of the vote in the second round - Carlos Manuel VILA NOVA (IDA) 57.5%, Guilherme POSSER DA COSTA (MLSTP-PSD) 42.5%; note - VILA NOVA is scheduled to take office 29 September 2021 

2016: Evaristo CARVALHO elected president; percent of vote - Evaristo CARVALHO (ADI) 49.8%, Manuel Pinto DA COSTA (independent) 24.8%, Maria DAS NEVES (MLSTP-PSD) 24.1%; note - first round results for CARVALHO were revised downward from just over 50%, prompting the 7 August runoff; however, on 1 August 2016 DA COSTA withdrew from the runoff, citing voting irregularities, and CARVALHO was declared the winner" @@ -597,10 +597,10 @@ "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (55 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 7 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2022)" + "text": "last held on 25 September 2022 (next to be held 30 September 2026)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - ADI 41.8%, MLSTP/PSD 40.3%, PCD-GR 9.5%, MCISTP 2.1%, other 6.3%; seats by party - ADI 25, MLSTP-PSD 23, PCD-MDFM-UDD 5, MCISTP 2; composition - men 42, women 13, percent of women 23.6%" + "text": "percent of vote by party - ADI 46.81%, MLSTP/PSD 32.70%, MCI-PS -PUN 6.56%, BASTA Movement- 8.8%, other 5.14%; seats by party - ADI 30, MLSTP-PSD 18, MCI-PS -PUN 5, BASTA Movement 2; composition - men 47, women 8, percent of women 14.5%" } }, "Judicial branch": { diff --git a/africa/ts.json b/africa/ts.json index 152c3653..9d99e377 100644 --- a/africa/ts.json +++ b/africa/ts.json @@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ "text": "10.12% (male 587,481/female 598,140)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "8.86% (2020 est.) (male 491,602/female 546,458)" + "text": "8.86% (male 491,602/female 546,458) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/africa/tz.json b/africa/tz.json index b27fa8ec..33bcae81 100644 --- a/africa/tz.json +++ b/africa/tz.json @@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ "text": "3.52% (male 954,251/female 1,107,717)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "3.08% (2020 est.) (male 747,934/female 1,056,905)" + "text": "3.08% (male 747,934/female 1,056,905) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1322,7 +1322,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "126,335 (Burundi), 80,860 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2022)" + "text": "126,205 (Burundi), 80,860 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2022)" } }, "Trafficking in persons": { diff --git a/africa/ug.json b/africa/ug.json index 3a36952c..a4903487 100644 --- a/africa/ug.json +++ b/africa/ug.json @@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ "text": "2.91% (male 579,110/female 681,052)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "2.38% (2020 est.) (male 442,159/female 589,053)" + "text": "2.38% (male 442,159/female 589,053) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/africa/uv.json b/africa/uv.json index c19192bc..d70c5c24 100644 --- a/africa/uv.json +++ b/africa/uv.json @@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ "text": "3.57% (male 321,417/female 423,016)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "3.16% (2020 est.) (male 284,838/female 374,057)" + "text": "3.16% (male 284,838/female 374,057) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/africa/wa.json b/africa/wa.json index 86d8d4d1..7822e799 100644 --- a/africa/wa.json +++ b/africa/wa.json @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ "text": "4.68% (male 54,589/female 68,619)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "3.9% (2020 est.) (male 43,596/female 58,948)" + "text": "3.9% (male 43,596/female 58,948) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/africa/wz.json b/africa/wz.json index f576e971..dcb22137 100644 --- a/africa/wz.json +++ b/africa/wz.json @@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ "text": "4.36% (male 20,529/female 27,672)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "3.83% (2020 est.) (male 15,833/female 26,503)" + "text": "3.83% (male 15,833/female 26,503) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1070,7 +1070,7 @@ "text": "Eswatini was one of the last countries in the world to open up its telecom market to competition; until 2011 the state-owned Eswatini Posts and Telecommunications also acted as the industry regulator and had a stake in the country’s sole mobile network; a new independent regulatory authority was established in late 2013 and has since embarked on significant changes to the sector; mobile market subscriptions have been affected by the common use among subscribers when they use SIM cards from different networks in order to access cheaper on-net calls; subscriber growth has slowed in recent years, but was expected to have reached 8% in 2021, as people adapted to the changing needs for connectivity caused by the pandemic; the internet sector has been open to competition with a small number of licensed ISPs; DSL services were introduced in 2008, development of the sector has been hampered by the limited fixed-line infrastructure and by a lack of competition in the access and backbone networks; Eswatini is landlocked and so depends on neighboring countries for international bandwidth; this has meant that access pricing is relatively high, and market subscriptions remains relatively low; prices have fallen recently in line with greater bandwidth availability resulting from several new submarine cable systems which have reached the region in recent years; in September 2020 a terrestrial cable linked Mozambique with Eswatini and South Africa (2022)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "Eswatini has 2 mobile-cellular providers; communication infrastructure has a geographic coverage of about 90% and a rising subscriber base; fixed-line stands at nearly 4 per 100 and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 94 telephones per 100 persons; telephone system consists of carrier-equipped, open-wire lines and low-capacity, microwave radio relay (2019)" + "text": "Eswatini has 2 mobile-cellular providers; communication infrastructure has a geographic coverage of about 90% and a rising subscriber base; fixed-line stands at nearly 3 per 100 and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 107 telephones per 100 persons; telephone system consists of carrier-equipped, open-wire lines and low-capacity, microwave radio relay (2020)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 268; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)" diff --git a/africa/za.json b/africa/za.json index 837b3928..8d0f8902 100644 --- a/africa/za.json +++ b/africa/za.json @@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ "text": "3.01% (male 242,993/female 280,804)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "2.27% (2020 est.) (male 173,582/female 221,316)" + "text": "2.27% (male 173,582/female 221,316) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/africa/zi.json b/africa/zi.json index f008e436..6f7ccf36 100644 --- a/africa/zi.json +++ b/africa/zi.json @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ "text": "4.07% (male 227,506/female 363,824)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "4.52% (2020 est.) (male 261,456/female 396,396)" + "text": "4.52% (male 261,456/female 396,396) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/aq.json b/australia-oceania/aq.json index eeb443af..102da1a1 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/aq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/aq.json @@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ "text": "9.69% (male 2,341/female 2,447)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "6.9% (2020 est.) (male 1,580/female 1,831)" + "text": "6.9% (male 1,580/female 1,831) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/as.json b/australia-oceania/as.json index 245c71ec..a201ff96 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/as.json +++ b/australia-oceania/as.json @@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ "text": "11.35% (male 1,395,844/female 1,495,806)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "15.88% (2020 est.) (male 1,866,761/female 2,177,996)" + "text": "15.88% (male 1,866,761/female 2,177,996) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/bp.json b/australia-oceania/bp.json index 197c1263..f253c7bf 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/bp.json +++ b/australia-oceania/bp.json @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ "text": "5.04% (male 17,844/female 16,704)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "4.51% (2020 est.) (male 14,461/female 16,417)" + "text": "4.51% (male 14,461/female 16,417) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/cq.json b/australia-oceania/cq.json index 14564354..da32f884 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/cq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/cq.json @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ "text": "14.01% (male 3,921/female 3,286)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "7.23% (2020 est.) (male 1,988/female 1,733)" + "text": "7.23% (male 1,988/female 1,733) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/cw.json b/australia-oceania/cw.json index 8fccc37a..7a18ac29 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/cw.json +++ b/australia-oceania/cw.json @@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ "text": "15.69% (male 711/female 564)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "14.74% (2022 est.) (male 584/female 614)" + "text": "14.74% (male 584/female 614) (2022 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/fj.json b/australia-oceania/fj.json index 006d1404..5c3af533 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fj.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fj.json @@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ "text": "9.25% (male 43,813/female 42,763)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "7.34% (2020 est.) (male 31,556/female 37,136)" + "text": "7.34% (male 31,556/female 37,136) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1061,10 +1061,10 @@ }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "Fiji is the leading market to watch in terms of both LTE and 5G development in the region; the market boasts relatively sophisticated, advanced digital infrastructure, with telcos’ heavy investment resulting in the country having the highest mobile and internet subscriptions in the Pacific Islands region; LTE, LTE-A, and fiber technologies have received the most investment by the Fijian mobile operators, LTE now accounts for the largest share of connections in the mobile segment; concentrating on the more highly populated areas, the operators are preparing for the next growth area of high-speed data; they also have 5G in mind, and are preparing their networks to be 5G-ready, anticipating an easier migration to the technology based on the relatively high LTE subscription rate; the sale of Digicel to Telstra also passed a major hurdle when the Fijian Competition and Consumer Commission approved the transaction in March 2022; Fiji presents a challenging geographic environment for infrastructure development due to its population being spread across more than 100 islands; the majority of Fijians live on the two main islands of Viti Levu and Vanua Levu; in July 2018, the two islands were linked by the Savusavu submarine cable system, which provides a more secure link in times of emergency weather events such as the regular tropical cyclones that often cause massive destruction to the area, including destroying essential infrastructure such as electricity and telecommunications equipment; notably, the December 2021 eruption of the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai submarine volcano in Tonga damaged the Tonga Cable which connects Fiji, and Tonga blocking the latter off from internet services; cable theft and damage of critical communications infrastructure has also become a concern in Fiji, prompting authorities to establish a joint task force to tackle the issue (2022)" + "text": "Fiji is the leading market to watch in terms of both LTE and 5G development in the region; the market boasts relatively sophisticated, advanced digital infrastructure, with telcos’ heavy investment resulting in the country having the highest mobile and internet subscriptions in the Pacific Islands region; LTE, LTE-A, and fiber technologies have received the most investment by the Fijian mobile operators, LTE now accounts for the largest share of connections in the mobile segment; concentrating on the more highly populated areas, the operators are preparing for the next growth area of high-speed data; they also have 5G in mind, and are preparing their networks to be 5G-ready, anticipating an easier migration to the technology based on the relatively high LTE subscription rate; Fiji presents a challenging geographic environment for infrastructure development due to its population being spread across more than 100 islands; the majority of Fijians live on the two main islands of Viti Levu and Vanua Levu; in July 2018, the two islands were linked by the Savusavu submarine cable system, which provides a more secure link in times of emergency weather events such as the regular tropical cyclones that often cause massive destruction to the area, including destroying essential infrastructure such as electricity and telecommunications equipment; notably, the December 2021 eruption of the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai submarine volcano in Tonga damaged the Tonga Cable which connects Fiji, and Tonga blocking the latter off from internet services; cable theft and damage of critical communications infrastructure has also become a concern in Fiji, prompting authorities to establish a joint task force to tackle the issue (2022)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "fixed-line nearly 9 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 118 per 100 persons (2019)" + "text": "fixed-line nearly 5 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 111 per 100 persons (2020)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 679; landing points for the ICN1, SCCN, Southern Cross NEXT, Tonga Cable and Tui-Samoa submarine cable links to US, NZ, Australia and Pacific islands of Fiji, Vanuatu, Kiribati, Samoa, Tokelau, Tonga, Fallis & Futuna, and American Samoa; satellite earth stations - 2 Inmarsat (Pacific Ocean) (2019)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/fm.json b/australia-oceania/fm.json index f9c6b835..e5459cd0 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fm.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fm.json @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ "text": "7.38% (male 3,602/female 3,898)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "4.95% (2021 est.) (male 2,260/female 2,776)" + "text": "4.95% (male 2,260/female 2,776) (2021 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/fp.json b/australia-oceania/fp.json index df5044f1..6fbc8de4 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fp.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fp.json @@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ "text": "10.31% (male 15,610/female 14,823)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "9.04% (2020 est.) (male 12,854/female 13,824)" + "text": "9.04% (male 12,854/female 13,824) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -902,7 +902,7 @@ "text": "French Polynesia has one of the most advanced telecoms infrastructures in the Pacific Islands region; the remoteness of the country with its scattering of 130 islands and atolls has made connectivity vital for its inhabitants; the first submarine cable was deployed in 2010 and since then additional cables have been connected to the islands, vastly improving French Polynesia’s international connectivity; an additional domestic submarine cable, the Natitua Sud, will connect more remote islands by the end of 2022; French Polynesia is also a hub for satellite communications in the region; a considerable number of consumers access FttP-based services; with the first data center in French Polynesia on the cards, the quality and price of broadband services is expected to improve as content will be able to be cached locally, reducing costs for consumers; for 2022, fixed broadband subscriptions reached an estimated 22%; about 43% of the country’s mobile connections are on 3G networks, while LTE accounts for 12%; by 2025, LTE is expected to account for more than half of all connections; it is also estimated that 77% of mobile subscribers will have smart phones by 2025 (2022)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "fixed-line subscriptions nearly 22 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular density is roughly 104 per 100 persons (2019)" + "text": "fixed-line subscriptions nearly 33 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular density is roughly 119 per 100 persons (2020)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 689; landing points for the NATITUA, Manatua, and Honotua submarine cables to other French Polynesian Islands, Cook Islands, Niue, Samoa and US; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2019)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/gq.json b/australia-oceania/gq.json index 5d7f0ca6..1c453606 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/gq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/gq.json @@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ "text": "10.5% (male 9,079/female 8,610)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "9.54% (2020 est.) (male 7,504/female 8,577)" + "text": "9.54% (male 7,504/female 8,577) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -450,10 +450,10 @@ "text": "Cabinet appointed by the governor with the consent of the Legislature" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president and vice president indirectly elected on the same ballot by an Electoral College of 'electors' chosen from each state to serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); under the US Constitution, residents of unincorporated territories, such as Guam, do not vote in elections for US president and vice president; however, they may vote in Democratic and Republican presidential primary elections; governor and lieutenant governor elected on the same ballot by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for 2 consecutive terms); election last held on 6 November 2018 (next to be held in November 2022)" + "text": "president and vice president indirectly elected on the same ballot by an Electoral College of 'electors' chosen from each state to serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); under the US Constitution, residents of unincorporated territories, such as Guam, do not vote in elections for US president and vice president; however, they may vote in Democratic and Republican presidential primary elections; governor and lieutenant governor elected on the same ballot by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for 2 consecutive terms); election last held on 8 November 2022 (next to be held in November 2026)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Lourdes LEON GUERRERO elected governor; percent of vote -  Lourdes LEON GUERRERO (Democratic Party) 50.7%, Ray TENORIO (Republican Party) 26.4%; Josh TENORIO (Democratic Party) elected lieutenant governor" + "text": "Lourdes LEON GUERRERO reelected governor; percent of vote -  Lourdes LEON GUERRERO (Democratic Party) 55%, Felix CAMACHO (Republican Party) 44%; Josh TENORIO (Democratic Party) elected lieutenant governor" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -853,7 +853,7 @@ "text": "Guam’s telecommunications companies provide important services that allow other businesses on island to operate; Guam plays a larger, and growing role, in global telecommunications infrastructure, the submarine fiber optic cables that land on Guam benefit island residents and the local economy; in the Asia-Pacific region the demand for 4G, 5G, and broadband access is rapidly increasing; the 11 submarine cables that currently land on Guam, connecting the U.S. to the Asia-Pacific region, are some of the more than 400 cables that are the backbone of global telecommunications, providing nearly all of the world’s internet and phone service (2021)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "three major companies provide both fixed-line and mobile services, as well as access to the Internet; fixed-line subscriptions in 2018 were 42 per 100 and 62 per 100 mobile-cellular subscriptions in 2004 (2019)" + "text": "fixed-line subscriptions 41 per 100 and 62 per 100 mobile-cellular subscriptions in 2004 (2020)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 1-671; major landing points for Atisa, HANTRU1, HK-G, JGA-N, JGA-S, PIPE-1, SEA-US, SxS, Tata TGN-Pacific, AJC, GOKI, AAG, AJC and Mariana-Guam Cable submarine cables between Asia, Australia, and the US (Guam is a transpacific communications hub for major carriers linking the US and Asia); satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2019)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/kr.json b/australia-oceania/kr.json index fd8f0b4f..04130b94 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/kr.json +++ b/australia-oceania/kr.json @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ "text": "6.65% (male 3,350/female 4,084)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "4.59% (2020 est.) (male 2,004/female 3,122)" + "text": "4.59% (male 2,004/female 3,122) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/kt.json b/australia-oceania/kt.json index 485883d4..3d28ac17 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/kt.json +++ b/australia-oceania/kt.json @@ -110,19 +110,19 @@ }, "Age structure": { "0-14 years": { - "text": "12.79% (2017 est.) (male 147/female 135)" + "text": "12.79% (male 147/female 135)" }, "15-24 years": { - "text": "12.2% (2017 est.) (male 202/female 67)" + "text": "12.2% (male 202/female 67)" }, "25-54 years": { - "text": "57.91% (2017 est.) (male 955/female 322)" + "text": "57.91% (male 955/female 322)" }, "55-64 years": { - "text": "11.66% (2017 est.) (male 172/female 85)" + "text": "11.66% (male 172/female 85)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "5.44% (2017 est.) (male 84/female 36)" + "text": "5.44% (male 84/female 36) (2017 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/nc.json b/australia-oceania/nc.json index 1910043b..57a20168 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nc.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nc.json @@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ "text": "9.06% (male 12,700/female 13,568)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "9.84% (2020 est.) (male 12,552/female 15,992)" + "text": "9.84% (male 12,552/female 15,992) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/nh.json b/australia-oceania/nh.json index 4c00200f..f714b085 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nh.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nh.json @@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ "text": "5.89% (male 8,666/female 8,904)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "4.39% (2020 est.) (male 6,518/female 6,564)" + "text": "4.39% (male 6,518/female 6,564) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/nr.json b/australia-oceania/nr.json index 03eaf11c..d5f7e29f 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nr.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nr.json @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ "text": "6.97% (male 283/female 401)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "3.94% (2022 est.) (male 133/female 254)" + "text": "3.94% (male 133/female 254) (2022 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/nz.json b/australia-oceania/nz.json index ee8fbbc7..0a1808e9 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nz.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nz.json @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ "text": "11.93% (male 285,989/female 301,692)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "15.54% (2020 est.) (male 358,228/female 407,031)" + "text": "15.54% (male 358,228/female 407,031) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/pc.json b/australia-oceania/pc.json index 0ba293b9..a30091a2 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/pc.json +++ b/australia-oceania/pc.json @@ -370,10 +370,10 @@ "text": "none" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor and commissioner appointed by the monarch; island mayor directly elected by majority popular vote for a 3-year term; election last held on 6 November 2019 (next to be held not later than December 2022)" + "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor and commissioner appointed by the monarch; island mayor directly elected by majority popular vote for a 3-year term; election last held on 9 November 2022 (next to be held not later than December 2025)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Charlene WARREN-PEU elected mayor and chairman of the Island Council; Island Council vote - NA" + "text": "

Simon YOUNG elected mayor and chairman of the Island Council; Island Council vote - NA; takes office 1 January 2023

" } }, "Legislative branch": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/ps.json b/australia-oceania/ps.json index 38a19990..b84c783a 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ps.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ps.json @@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ "text": "10.68% (male 853/female 1,463)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "9.45% (2020 est.) (male 501/female 1,548)" + "text": "9.45% (male 501/female 1,548) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/rm.json b/australia-oceania/rm.json index 7491c1cf..121dbf3d 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/rm.json +++ b/australia-oceania/rm.json @@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ "text": "5.92% (male 2,269/female 2,341)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "4.7% (2020 est.) (male 1,805/female 1,857)" + "text": "4.7% (male 1,805/female 1,857) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/tn.json b/australia-oceania/tn.json index 70253600..bf75b339 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tn.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tn.json @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ "text": "6.17% (male 3,345/female 3,202)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "6.83% (2020 est.) (male 3,249/female 3,994)" + "text": "6.83% (male 3,249/female 3,994) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/tv.json b/australia-oceania/tv.json index 6941afb5..33c5b29d 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tv.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tv.json @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ "text": "9.25% (male 451/female 617)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "7.21% (2022 est.) (male 307/female 525)" + "text": "7.21% (male 307/female 525) (2022 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/wf.json b/australia-oceania/wf.json index 9588b95c..2c22ce1d 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/wf.json +++ b/australia-oceania/wf.json @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ "text": "9.99% (male 745/female 842)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "11.73% (2022 est.) (male 953/female 911)" + "text": "11.73% (male 953/female 911) (2022 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/ws.json b/australia-oceania/ws.json index 1f2ca05f..96e909fc 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ws.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ws.json @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ "text": "7.5% (male 7,780/female 7,505)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "6.18% (2020 est.) (male 5,513/female 7,082)" + "text": "6.18% (male 5,513/female 7,082) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json index 3e097f81..72f54cb1 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ "text": "14.79% (male 8,285/female 9,383)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "15.05% (2020 est.) (male 7,064/female 10,913)" + "text": "15.05% (male 7,064/female 10,913) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json index 1df0cd3b..b19c1930 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json @@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ "text": "10.74% (male 4,693/female 5,848)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "8.91% (2020 est.) (male 3,736/female 5,012)" + "text": "8.91% (male 3,736/female 5,012) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json index f1e43176..02c05bfa 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ "text": "12.42% (male 993/female 1,254)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "9.78% (2020 est.) (male 874/female 895)" + "text": "9.78% (male 874/female 895) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json index 2d5652a1..fc915d66 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json @@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ "text": "13.91% (male 19,533/female 21,430)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "13.57% (2020 est.) (male 16,398/female 23,571)" + "text": "13.57% (male 16,398/female 23,571) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json index 09e2ab18..01388e3e 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ "text": "10.75% (male 17,508/female 20,391)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "9.08% (2021 est.) (male 12,587/female 19,434)" + "text": "9.08% (male 12,587/female 19,434) (2021 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json index 85ebf00f..21f6c86c 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json @@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ "text": "6.18% (male 12,235/female 12,444)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "4.53% (2020 est.) (male 8,781/female 9,323)" + "text": "4.53% (male 8,781/female 9,323) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json index 7c977c96..aacc8a49 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ "text": "14.78% (male 4,398/female 4,755)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "14.24% (2020 est.) (male 4,053/female 4,769)" + "text": "14.24% (male 4,053/female 4,769) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json index 2b602949..ae96fb85 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ "text": "9.99% (male 247,267/female 261,847)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "8.76% (2020 est.) (male 205,463/female 241,221)" + "text": "8.76% (male 205,463/female 241,221) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json index 7709d8a9..fc1d7992 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json @@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ "text": "14.11% (male 760,165/female 799,734)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "15.8% (2020 est.) (male 794,743/female 952,348)" + "text": "15.8% (male 794,743/female 952,348) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json index 70796b72..0f8c67e3 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json @@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ "text": "10.53% (male 4,089/female 3,731)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "12.12% (2020 est.) (male 4,128/female 4,867)" + "text": "12.12% (male 4,128/female 4,867) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -921,7 +921,7 @@ "text": "the telecom sector has seen a decline in subscriber numbers (particularly for prepaid mobile services the mainstay of short term visitors) and revenue; fixed and mobile broadband services are two areas that have benefited from the crisis as employees and students have resorted to working from home; one area of the telecom market that is not prepared for growth is 5G mobile; governments, regulators, and even the mobile network operators have shown that they have not been investing in 5G opportunities at the present time; network expansion and enhancements remain concentrated around improving LTE coverage (2021)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "fixed-line connections continue to decline slowly with only two active operators providing about 4 fixed-line connections per 100 persons; subscribership among the three mobile-cellular providers is about 105 per 100 persons (2019)" + "text": "fixed-line connections continue to decline slowly with only two active operators providing about 4 fixed-line connections per 100 persons; subscribership among the three mobile-cellular providers is about 106 per 100 persons (2020)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 1-767; landing points for the ECFS and the Southern Caribbean Fiber submarine cables providing connectivity to other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad and to the US; microwave radio relay and SHF radiotelephone links to Martinique and Guadeloupe; VHF and UHF radiotelephone links to Saint Lucia (2019)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json index 57a253ad..6a4aaea3 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json @@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ "text": "8.17% (male 429,042/female 428,508)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "6.29% (2020 est.) (male 310,262/female 350,076)" + "text": "6.29% (male 310,262/female 350,076) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json index 57975c51..1d01f2d5 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json @@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ "text": "7.23% (male 198,029/female 270,461)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "7.6% (2020 est.) (male 214,717/female 277,979)" + "text": "7.6% (male 214,717/female 277,979) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1088,7 +1088,7 @@ "text": "El Salvador is the smallest country in central America geographically, it has the fourth largest economy in the region; the country’s telecom sector has been restricted by poor infrastructure and unequal income distribution; there have been organizational delays which have slowed the development of telecom services; El Salvador’s fixed-line teledensity is substantially lower than the Latin American and Caribbean average; there has been a significant drop in the number of fixed lines since 2010, particularly in 2017, largely due to the substitution for mobile-only alternatives; about 94% of all telephony lines in the country are on mobile networks; mobile subscriptions are remarkably high considering El Salvador’s economic indicators, being about a third higher than average for Latin America and the Caribbean; the country was one of the last in the region to provide LTE services, mainly due to the inadequate provision of suitable spectrum; the multi-spectrum auction conducted at the end of 2019 has allowed MNOs to improve the reach and quality of their service offerings; El Salvador’s telecom legislation is one of the more liberal in Latin America, encouraging competition in most areas and permitting foreign investment; there are no regulations which promote wholesale broadband; the only effective cross-platform competition in the broadband market comes from the few cable operators; there has been some market consolidation in recent years (2021)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "fixed-line services, roughly 14 per 100, has slowed in the face of mobile-cellular competition now at 161 subscribers per 100 inhabitants (2019)" + "text": "fixed-line services, roughly 14 per 100, has slowed in the face of mobile-cellular competition now at 153 subscribers per 100 inhabitants (2020)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 503; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System (2019)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json index f6e1d3af..48b45d8e 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json @@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ "text": "11.69% (male 6,734/female 6,490)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "10.89% (2020 est.) (male 5,774/female 6,539)" + "text": "10.89% (male 5,774/female 6,539) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -963,7 +963,7 @@ "text": "the telecom sector has seen a decline in subscriber numbers (particularly for prepaid mobile services the mainstay of short term visitors) and revenue; fixed and mobile broadband services are two areas that have benefited from the crisis as employees and students have resorted to working from home; one area of the telecom market that is not prepared for growth is 5G mobile; governments, regulators, and even the mobile network operators have shown that they have not been investing in 5G opportunities at the present time; network expansion and enhancements remain concentrated around improving LTE coverage (2021)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "interisland VHF and UHF radiotelephone links; 29 per 100 for fixed-line and 102 per 100 for mobile-cellular (2019)" + "text": "14 per 100 for fixed-line and 108 per 100 for mobile-cellular (2020)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 1-473; landing points for the ECFS, Southern Caribbean Fiber and CARCIP submarine cables with links to 13 Caribbean islands extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad & Tobago including Puerto Rico and Barbados; SHF radiotelephone links to Trinidad and Tobago and Saint Vincent; VHF and UHF radio links to Trinidad (2019)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json index 3af97b34..0e469f8f 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json @@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ "text": "5.41% (male 431,417/female 496,743)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "4.7% (2020 est.) (male 363,460/female 442,066)" + "text": "4.7% (male 363,460/female 442,066) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json index dc0b042f..c808e509 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json @@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ "text": "5.3% (male 280,630/female 305,584)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "4.33% (2020 est.) (male 210,451/female 269,228)" + "text": "4.33% (male 210,451/female 269,228) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ "text": "at least one parent must be a native-born citizen of Haiti" }, "dual citizenship recognized": { - "text": "no" + "text": "yes" }, "residency requirement for naturalization": { "text": "5 years" @@ -1064,7 +1064,7 @@ "text": "Haiti is in desperate need of maintaining effective communication services to enable it to keep going through the countless natural disasters, the country’s telecoms sector is really only surviving on the back of international goodwill to repair and replace the systems destroyed in the latest upheaval; Haiti’s fixed-line infrastructure is now practically non-existent, having been torn apart by Hurricane Matthew in 2016; what aid and additional investment has been forthcoming has been directed towards mobile solutions; over half of the country can afford a mobile handset or the cost of a monthly subscription; and mobile broadband subscriptions is half of that again – an estimated 28% in 2022; international aid continues to flow in to try and help the country’s telecoms sector recover – the World Bank has released a further $120 million to go on top of the $60 million grant provided after the last major 7.2 earthquake in August 2021 (2022)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "fixed-line is less than 1 per 100; mobile-cellular telephone services have expanded greatly in the last decade due to low-cost GSM (Global Systems for Mobile) phones and pay-as-you-go plans; mobile-cellular teledensity is nearly 61 per 100 persons (2019)" + "text": "fixed-line is less than 1 per 100; mobile-cellular teledensity is nearly 64 per 100 persons (2020)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 509; landing points for the BDSNi and Fibralink submarine cables to 14 points in the Bahamas and Dominican Republic; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json index e0c862a8..6a34fdb5 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json @@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ "text": "5.58% (male 233,735/female 281,525)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "5.4% (2020 est.) (male 221,779/female 277,260)" + "text": "5.4% (male 221,779/female 277,260) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json index dbea4822..022d9095 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json @@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ "text": "9.63% (male 133,890/female 136,442)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "9.17% (2020 est.) (male 121,969/female 135,612)" + "text": "9.17% (male 121,969/female 135,612) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json index e9cd0d74..b6589683 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ "text": "10.47% (male 258/female 309)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "7.15% (2022 est.) (male 209/female 178)" + "text": "7.15% (male 209/female 178) (2022 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json index d697526a..4ca7d609 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json @@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ "text": "17.47% (male 3,638/female 4,020)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "11.55% (2020 est.) (male 2,385/female 2,680)" + "text": "11.55% (male 2,385/female 2,680) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json index 05a997a9..07f93f42 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json @@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ "text": "6.63% (male 188,591/female 222,766)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "5.82% (2020 est.) (male 159,140/female 201,965)" + "text": "5.82% (male 159,140/female 201,965) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json index cf86f399..fbe77e08 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json @@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ "text": "8.54% (male 165,129/female 167,317)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "9.01% (2020 est.) (male 160,516/female 190,171)" + "text": "9.01% (male 160,516/female 190,171) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json index b5a16a3a..34f23177 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ "text": "8.71% (male 1,328/female 1,508)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "9.17% (2020 est.) (male 1,305/female 1,680)" + "text": "9.17% (male 1,305/female 1,680) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json index 5a01f96f..4b5ada36 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json @@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ "text": "13.5% (male 197,438/female 232,931)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "21.77% (2020 est.) (male 297,749/female 396,551)" + "text": "21.77% (male 297,749/female 396,551) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json index 1262c839..537cca27 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ "text": "13.03% (male 3,527/female 3,485)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "10% (2020 est.) (male 2,540/female 2,844)" + "text": "10% (male 2,540/female 2,844) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json index 69f1bf55..116b3dbb 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ "text": "11.23% (male 8,624/female 10,075)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "13.1% (2020 est.) (male 9,894/female 11,920)" + "text": "13.1% (male 9,894/female 11,920) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json index 4d00fa13..7a625683 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json @@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ "text": "16.43% (male 632/female 535)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "21.17% (2022 est.) (male 753/female 751)" + "text": "21.17% (male 753/female 751) (2022 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json index 11be8b1c..70796740 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json @@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ "text": "13.83% (male 83,650/female 83,585)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "12.11% (2020 est.) (male 64,092/female 82,251)" + "text": "12.11% (male 64,092/female 82,251) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json index 3ff2584b..732a5915 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json @@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ "text": "7.81% (male 2,297/female 2,069)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "5.17% (2020 est.) (male 1,364/female 1,525)" + "text": "5.17% (male 1,364/female 1,525) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json index 656f59ef..22e49543 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json @@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ "text": "13.88% (male 9,130/female 11,873)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "16.52% (2020 est.) (male 10,127/female 14,869)" + "text": "16.52% (male 10,127/female 14,869) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -729,7 +729,7 @@ "text": "fully automatic modern telecommunications system; telecom sector across the Caribbean region continues to be one of the growth areas; given the lack of economic diversity in the region, with a high dependence on tourism and activities such as fisheries and offshore financial services the telecom sector contributes greatly to the GDP (2020)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "roughly 33 per 100 users for fixed-line and 113 per 100 users for cellular-mobile, majority of the islanders have Internet; market revenue has been affected in recent quarters as a result of competition and regulatory measures on termination rates and roaming tariffs (2019)" + "text": "roughly 33 per 100 users for fixed-line and 111 per 100 users for cellular-mobile, majority of the islanders have Internet; market revenue has been affected in recent quarters as a result of competition and regulatory measures on termination rates and roaming tariffs (2020)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - +599, PCCS submarine cable system to US, Caribbean and Central and South America (2019)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json index 150ead3d..f4f76ac8 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ "text": "11.68% (male 6,136/female 5,703)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "10.72% (2020 est.) (male 5,167/female 5,702)" + "text": "10.72% (male 5,167/female 5,702) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json index 0892883b..d3444005 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ "text": "12.83% (male 2,242/female 2,521)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "10.63% (2021 est.) (male 1,921/female 2,105)" + "text": "10.63% (male 1,921/female 2,105) (2021 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json index 68eae151..5a7c161b 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ "text": "14.24% (male 7,222/female 7,859)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "19.82% (2021 est.) (male 9,424/female 11,562)" + "text": "19.82% (male 9,424/female 11,562) (2021 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -429,10 +429,10 @@ "text": "Territorial Cabinet appointed by the governor and confirmed by the Senate" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president and vice president indirectly elected on the same ballot by an Electoral College of 'electors' chosen from each state; president and vice president serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); under the US Constitution, residents of the Virgin Islands do not vote in elections for US president and vice president; however, they may vote in the Democratic and Republican presidential primary elections; governor and lieutenant governor directly elected on the same ballot by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 6 November 2018 with a runoff on 20 November 2018 (next to be held in 8 November 2022)" + "text": "president and vice president indirectly elected on the same ballot by an Electoral College of 'electors' chosen from each state; president and vice president serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); under the US Constitution, residents of the Virgin Islands do not vote in elections for US president and vice president; however, they may vote in the Democratic and Republican presidential primary elections; governor and lieutenant governor directly elected on the same ballot by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 8 November 2022 (next to be held in November 2026)" }, "election results": { - "text": "

Albert BRYAN, Jr. elected governor in the second round; percent of vote in first round - Albert BRYAN, Jr. (Democratic Party) 38.1%, Kenneth MAPP (independent) 33.5%, Adlah \"Foncie\" DONASTORG, Jr. (independent) 16.5%, other 11.9%; percent of vote in second round- Albert BRYAN, Jr. (Democratic Party) 54.5%, Kenneth MAPP (independent) 45.2%, other 0.3%

" + "text": "

Albert BRYAN, Jr. reelected governor; percent of vote - Albert BRYAN, Jr. (Democratic Party) 56%, Kurt VIALET (independent) 38%

" } }, "Legislative branch": { diff --git a/central-asia/kg.json b/central-asia/kg.json index b87424b8..735defde 100644 --- a/central-asia/kg.json +++ b/central-asia/kg.json @@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ "text": "8.09% (male 210,994/female 271,480)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "5.8% (2020 est.) (male 132,134/female 213,835)" + "text": "5.8% (male 132,134/female 213,835) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/central-asia/kz.json b/central-asia/kz.json index caf9a92a..ca680aad 100644 --- a/central-asia/kz.json +++ b/central-asia/kz.json @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ "text": "10.25% (male 856,180/female 1,099,923)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "8.43% (2020 est.) (male 567,269/female 1,041,450)" + "text": "8.43% (male 567,269/female 1,041,450) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1106,7 +1106,7 @@ "text": "Kazakhstan has one of the most developed telecommunications sectors in the Central Asian region; this is especially true of the mobile segment, where widespread network coverage has enabled very high penetration rates reaching 180% as far back as 2012; the mobile and fixed-line segments have both pared back their subscriber numbers to more modest levels; the telcos have still been successful in terms of improving their margins and revenues by growing value-added services along with exploiting the capabilities of their higher speed networks (4G LTE as well as fiber) to drive significant increases in data usage; Kazakhstan has enjoyed a  high fixed-line teledensity thanks to concerted efforts to invest in the fixed-line infrastructure as well as next-generation networks; demand for traditional voice services is on the wane as customers take a preference for the flexibility and ubiquity of the mobile platform for voice as well as data services; mobile clearly dominates the telecom sector in Kazakhstan, yet 2020 saw a sharp drop in subscriber numbers for both mobile voice and mobile broadband services as the Covid-19 crisis took hold; with the exception of fixed-line voice services, Kazakhstan’s telecom market is expected to return to moderate growth from 2022 onward; the extensive deployment of LTE networks across the country (along with the prospect of 5G services being added to the mix in 2023) points towards an even greater uptake of lucrative mobile broadband services, in particular (2021)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "intercity by landline and microwave radio relay; number of fixed-line connections is approximately 17 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscriber base 134 per 100 persons (2020)" + "text": "intercity by landline and microwave radio relay; number of fixed-line connections is approximately 16 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscriber base 129 per 100 persons (2020)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 7; international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the TAE fiber-optic cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat" diff --git a/central-asia/rs.json b/central-asia/rs.json index fe65f262..6ce11318 100644 --- a/central-asia/rs.json +++ b/central-asia/rs.json @@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ "text": "14.31% (male 8,808,330/female 11,467,697)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "15.53% (2020 est.) (male 7,033,381/female 14,971,679)" + "text": "15.53% (male 7,033,381/female 14,971,679) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1331,11 +1331,11 @@ "note": "note: in September 2022, the Russian Government called up 300,000 reservists to active military duty to support the war in Ukraine, and in August 2022 ordered the military to increase the total number of armed forces personnel by 137,000" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Russian Federation's military and paramilitary services are equipped with domestically-produced weapons systems, although since 2010 Russia has imported limited amounts of military hardware from several countries, including Czechia, France, Iran, Israel, Italy, Turkey, and Ukraine; the Russian defense industry is capable of designing, developing, and producing a full range of advanced air, land, missile, and naval systems; Russia is the world's second largest exporter of military hardware (2022)" + "text": "the Russian Federation's military and paramilitary services are equipped with domestically produced weapons systems, although since 2010 Russia has imported limited amounts of military hardware from several countries, including Czechia, France, Iran, Israel, Italy, Turkey, and Ukraine; the Russian defense industry is capable of designing, developing, and producing a full range of advanced air, land, missile, and naval systems; Russia is the world's second largest exporter of military hardware (2022)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory service for men; 18-40 for voluntary/contractual service; women and non-Russian citizens (18-30) may volunteer; men are registered for the draft at 17 years of age; 12- month service obligation (Russia offers the option of serving on a 24-month contract instead of completing a 12-month conscription period); reserve obligation for non-officers to age 50; enrollment in military schools from the age of 16 (2022)", - "note": "note 1: in May 2022, Russia's parliament approved a law removing the upper age limit for contractual service in the military

note 2: the Russian military takes on about 260,000 conscripts each year in two semi-annual drafts (Spring and Fall); as of 2021, conscripts comprised an estimated 30% of the Russian military's active duty personnel and most reserve personnel were former conscripts; in April of 2019, the Russian Government pledged its intent to end conscription as part of a decade-long effort to shift from a large, conscript-based military to a smaller, more professional force; an existing law allows for a 21-month alternative civil service for conscripts in hospitals, nursing homes and other facilities for those who view military duty as incompatible with their beliefs, but military conscription offices reportedly often broadly ignore requests for such service

note 3: as of 2020, women made up about 5% of the active duty military

note 4: since 2015, foreigners 18-30 with a good command of Russian have been allowed to join the military on 5-year contracts and become eligible for Russian citizenship after serving 3 years; in October 2022, the Interior Ministry opened up recruitment centers for foreigners to sign a 1-year service contract with the armed forces, other troops, or military formations participating in the invasion of Ukraine with the promise of simplifying the process of obtaining Russian citizenship" + "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory service for men; 18-40 for voluntary/contractual service; women and non-Russian citizens (18-30) may volunteer; men are registered for the draft at 17 years of age; 12-month service obligation (Russia offers the option of serving on a 24-month contract instead of completing a 12-month conscription period); reserve obligation for non-officers to age 50; enrollment in military schools from the age of 16 (2022)", + "note": "note 1: in May 2022, Russia's parliament approved a law removing the upper age limit for contractual service in the military; in November 2022, President Vladimir PUTIN signed a decree allowing dual-national Russians and those with permanent residency status in foreign countries to be drafted into the army for military service

note 2: the Russian military takes on about 260,000 conscripts each year in two semi-annual drafts (Spring and Fall); as of 2021, conscripts comprised an estimated 30% of the Russian military's active duty personnel and most reserve personnel were former conscripts; in April of 2019, the Russian Government pledged its intent to end conscription as part of a decade-long effort to shift from a large, conscript-based military to a smaller, more professional force; an existing law allows for a 21-month alternative civil service for conscripts in hospitals, nursing homes and other facilities for those who view military duty as incompatible with their beliefs, but military conscription offices reportedly often broadly ignore requests for such service

note 3: as of 2020, women made up about 5% of the active-duty military

note 4: since 2015, foreigners 18-30 with a good command of Russian have been allowed to join the military on 5-year contracts and become eligible for Russian citizenship after serving 3 years; in October 2022, the Interior Ministry opened up recruitment centers for foreigners to sign a 1-year service contract with the armed forces, other troops, or military formations participating in the invasion of Ukraine with the promise of simplifying the process of obtaining Russian citizenship" }, "Military deployments": { "text": "information varies; approximately 3,000 Armenia; approximately 2,000 Armenia/Azerbaijan (peacekeepers for Nagorno-Karabakh); estimated 3,000-5,000 Belarus; approximately 7,000-10,000 Georgia; approximately 500 Kyrgyzstan; approximately 1,500 Moldova (Transnistria); estimated 2,000-5,000 Syria; approximately 5,000 Tajikistan (February 2022)", diff --git a/central-asia/ti.json b/central-asia/ti.json index 371db059..f47023d5 100644 --- a/central-asia/ti.json +++ b/central-asia/ti.json @@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ "text": "6.23% (male 253,862/female 299,378)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "3.63% (2020 est.) (male 132,831/female 189,156)" + "text": "3.63% (male 132,831/female 189,156) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/central-asia/tx.json b/central-asia/tx.json index 70c2da5c..89e9919a 100644 --- a/central-asia/tx.json +++ b/central-asia/tx.json @@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ "text": "8.56% (male 221,935/female 251,238)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "5.38% (2020 est.) (male 129,332/female 167,996)" + "text": "5.38% (male 129,332/female 167,996) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/central-asia/uz.json b/central-asia/uz.json index fd05ca69..d2732772 100644 --- a/central-asia/uz.json +++ b/central-asia/uz.json @@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ "text": "8.63% (male 1,245,035/female 1,392,263)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "5.87% (2020 est.) (male 768,769/female 1,025,840)" + "text": "5.87% (male 768,769/female 1,025,840) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json index 2df15504..0a7a3c7b 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json @@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ "text": "8.22% (male 2,179,616/female 2,472,681)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "6.04% (2020 est.) (male 1,489,807/female 1,928,778)" + "text": "6.04% (male 1,489,807/female 1,928,778) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1292,7 +1292,7 @@ "text": "18-35 years of age (men) and 18-27 years of age (women) for voluntary military service; no conscription (a 2010 law reintroducing conscription has not yet entered into force); 2-year service obligation; male (ages 18-45) and female (ages 18-35) professionals (including doctors, engineers, mechanics) serve up to 3 years; service terms may be stretched to 5 years in an officially declared emergency (2021)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "

since the country's founding, the armed forces have been heavily involved in domestic politics, running the country for five decades following a military coup in 1962; prior to the 2021 coup, the military already controlled three key security ministries (Defense, Border, and Home Affairs), one of two vice presidential appointments, 25% of the parliamentary seats, and had a proxy political party, the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP)

as of 2022, the military owned and operated two business conglomerates that had over 100 subsidiaries and close ties to other companies; the business activities of these conglomerates included banking and insurance, hotels, tourism, jade and ruby mining, timber, construction, real estate, and the production of palm oil, sugar, soap, cement, beverages, drinking water, coal, and gas; some of the companies supplied goods and services to the military, such as food, clothing, insurance, and cellphone service; the military also managed a film industry, publishing houses, and television stations

as of 2022, the military's primary operational focus was internal security, particularly attempts to quell a growing armed insurgency against the 2021 coup and operations against ethnic-based separatist groups; these operations have resulted in numerous civilian casualties, human rights abuses, and internal displacement

ethnic-based armed groups have been fighting for self-rule against the Burmese Government since the country’s 1948 independence; as of 2022, there were approximately 20 such groups operating in Burma with strengths of a few hundred up to more than 20,000 estimated fighters; they reportedly controlled an estimated one-third of the country’s territory, primarily in the border regions; key groups included the United Wa State Army, Karen National Union, Kachin Independence Army, Arakan Army, Ta’ang National Liberation Army, and the Myanmar Nationalities Democratic Alliance Army

as of 2022, Burma also had a large number of armed militias which took many different forms and varied in allegiances and size; most were pro-military junta and associated with the Burmese military (Tatmadaw); some were integrated within the Tatmadaw’s command structure as Border Guard Forces (BGF); the BGF were organized as 325-man battalions, which included a mix of militia forces, ethnic armed groups, and government soldiers; they were armed, supplied, and paid by the Tatmadaw; other pro-military government militias were not integrated within the Tatmadaw command structure but received direction from the military and were recognized as government militias; the amount of support they received from the Tatmadaw varied depending on local security conditions; the third type of pro-government militias were small community-based units that were armed, coordinated, and trained by local Tatmadaw forces and activated as needed; as of 2022, the military junta government was raising new militia units to help combat the popular uprising

in mid-2022, the National Unity Government claimed its armed wing, the People's Defense Force (PDF), had more than 60,000 fighters organized into battalions; in addition, several armed ethnic groups have added their support to anti-junta resistance groups or joined forces with local units of the PDF

" + "text": "since the country's founding, the armed forces have been heavily involved in domestic politics, running the country for five decades following a military coup in 1962; prior to the 2021 coup, the military already controlled three key security ministries (Defense, Border, and Home Affairs), one of two vice presidential appointments, 25% of the parliamentary seats, and had a proxy political party, the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP)

as of 2022, the military owned and operated two business conglomerates that had over 100 subsidiaries and close ties to other companies; the business activities of these conglomerates included banking and insurance, hotels, tourism, jade and ruby mining, timber, construction, real estate, and the production of palm oil, sugar, soap, cement, beverages, drinking water, coal, and gas; some of the companies supplied goods and services to the military, such as food, clothing, insurance, and cellphone service; the military also managed a film industry, publishing houses, and television stations

as of 2022, the military's primary operational focus was internal security, particularly attempts to quell a growing armed insurgency against the 2021 coup and operations against ethnic-based separatist groups; these operations have resulted in numerous civilian casualties, human rights abuses, and internal displacement--ethnic-based armed groups have been fighting for self-rule against the Burmese Government since the country’s 1948 independence; as of 2022, there were approximately 20 such groups operating in Burma with strengths of a few hundred up to more than 20,000 estimated fighters; some were organized along military lines with \"brigades\" and \"divisions\" and armed with heavy weaponry, including artillery; they reportedly controlled an estimated one-third of the country’s territory, primarily in the border regions; key groups included the United Wa State Army, Karen National Union, Kachin Independence Army, Arakan Army, Ta’ang National Liberation Army, and the Myanmar Nationalities Democratic Alliance Army

as of 2022, Burma also had a large number of other armed militias which took many different forms and varied in allegiances and size; most were pro-military junta and associated with the Burmese military (Tatmadaw); some were integrated within the Tatmadaw’s command structure as Border Guard Forces (BGF); the BGF were organized as 325-man battalions, which included a mix of militia forces, ethnic armed groups, and government soldiers; they were armed, supplied, and paid by the Tatmadaw; other pro-military government militias were not integrated within the Tatmadaw command structure but received direction from the military and were recognized as government militias; the amount of support they received from the Tatmadaw varied depending on local security conditions; the third type of pro-government militias were small community-based units that were armed, coordinated, and trained by local Tatmadaw forces and activated as needed; as of 2022, the military junta government was raising new militia units to help combat the popular uprising

in mid-2022, the rebel National Unity Government claimed its armed wing, the People's Defense Force (PDF), had more than 60,000 fighters organized into battalions; in addition, several armed ethnic groups have added their support to anti-junta resistance groups or joined forces with local units of the PDF (2022)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json index ef40a9ab..8f22e94b 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json @@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ "text": "8.34% (male 19,159/female 19,585)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "5.9% (2020 est.) (male 13,333/female 14,067)" + "text": "5.9% (male 13,333/female 14,067) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1152,7 +1152,7 @@ "note": "note: the Gurkha Reserve Unit (GRU) employs about 500 Gurkhas from Nepal, the majority of whom are veterans of the British Army and the Singapore Police Force who have joined the GRU as a second career" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "Brunei has a long-standing defense relationship with the United Kingdom and hosts a British Army garrison, which includes a Gurkha battalion and a jungle warfare school; Brunei also hosts a Singaporean military training base (2022)" + "text": "the Royal Brunei Armed Forces were formed in 1961 with British support as the Brunei Malay Regiment; \"Royal\" was added as an honorary title in 1965; the military was given its current title in 1984

Brunei has a long-standing defense relationship with the United Kingdom and hosts a British Army garrison, which includes a Gurkha battalion and a jungle warfare school; Brunei also hosts a Singaporean military training base (2022)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json index 44b8ad08..fc933efc 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json @@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ "text": "6.44% (male 476,561/female 612,706)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "4.59% (2020 est.) (male 287,021/female 490,454)" + "text": "4.59% (male 287,021/female 490,454) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json index 03cbc6b6..d915e9d1 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json @@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ "text": "12.08% (male 84,827,645/female 83,557,507)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "12.34% (2020 est.) (male 81,586,490/female 90,458,292)" + "text": "12.34% (male 81,586,490/female 90,458,292) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json index 614a0a68..42c7e960 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ "text": "17.24% (male 582,047/female 668,051)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "18.48% (2020 est.) (male 625,453/female 714,676)" + "text": "18.48% (male 625,453/female 714,676) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json index d6ba6d46..20624671 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ "text": "8.99% (male 11,033,838/female 12,968,005)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "7.82% (2020 est.) (male 9,099,773/female 11,781,271)" + "text": "7.82% (male 9,099,773/female 11,781,271) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -571,7 +571,7 @@ } }, "Administrative divisions": { - "text": "31 provinces (provinsi-provinsi, singular - provinsi), 1 autonomous province*, 1 special region** (daerah-daerah istimewa, singular - daerah istimewa), and 1 national capital district*** (daerah khusus ibukota); Aceh*, Bali, Banten, Bengkulu, Gorontalo, Jakarta***, Jambi, Jawa Barat (West Java), Jawa Tengah (Central Java), Jawa Timur (East Java), Kalimantan Barat (West Kalimantan), Kalimantan Selatan (South Kalimantan), Kalimantan Tengah (Central Kalimantan), Kalimantan Timur (East Kalimantan), Kalimantan Utara (North Kalimantan), Kepulauan Bangka Belitung (Bangka Belitung Islands), Kepulauan Riau (Riau Islands), Lampung, Maluku, Maluku Utara (North Maluku), Nusa Tenggara Barat (West Nusa Tenggara), Nusa Tenggara Timur (East Nusa Tenggara), Papua, Papua Barat (West Papua), Riau, Sulawesi Barat (West Sulawesi), Sulawesi Selatan (South Sulawesi), Sulawesi Tengah (Central Sulawesi), Sulawesi Tenggara (Southeast Sulawesi), Sulawesi Utara (North Sulawesi), Sumatera Barat (West Sumatra), Sumatera Selatan (South Sumatra), Sumatera Utara (North Sumatra), Yogyakarta**", + "text": "34 provinces (provinsi-provinsi, singular - provinsi), 1 autonomous province*, 1 special region** (daerah-daerah istimewa, singular - daerah istimewa), and 1 national capital district*** (daerah khusus ibukota); Aceh*, Bali, Banten, Bengkulu, Gorontalo, Jakarta***, Jambi, Jawa Barat (West Java), Jawa Tengah (Central Java), Jawa Timur (East Java), Kalimantan Barat (West Kalimantan), Kalimantan Selatan (South Kalimantan), Kalimantan Tengah (Central Kalimantan), Kalimantan Timur (East Kalimantan), Kalimantan Utara (North Kalimantan), Kepulauan Bangka Belitung (Bangka Belitung Islands), Kepulauan Riau (Riau Islands), Lampung, Maluku, Maluku Utara (North Maluku), Nusa Tenggara Barat (West Nusa Tenggara), Nusa Tenggara Timur (East Nusa Tenggara), Papua, Papua Barat (West Papua), Papua Pegunungan (Papua Highlands), Papua Selatan (South Papua), Papua Tengah (Central Papua), Riau, Sulawesi Barat (West Sulawesi), Sulawesi Selatan (South Sulawesi), Sulawesi Tengah (Central Sulawesi), Sulawesi Tenggara (Southeast Sulawesi), Sulawesi Utara (North Sulawesi), Sumatera Barat (West Sumatra), Sumatera Selatan (South Sumatra), Sumatera Utara (North Sumatra), Yogyakarta**", "note": "note: following the implementation of decentralization beginning on 1 January 2001, regencies and municipalities have become the key administrative units responsible for providing most government services" }, "Independence": { @@ -1141,7 +1141,7 @@ "text": "Indonesia faces more than the usual number of obstacles in terms of enabling widespread access to quality telecommunications services for its population of more than 270 million; the geographical challenges have been further compounded by a variety of social, political, and economic problems over the years that have kept the country’s wealth distributed very thinly; the fixed-line (fiber) and mobile operators have continued to expand and upgrade their networks across the country; Indonesia’s 18,000 islands (many of which, however, are sparsely populated) makes the deployment of fixed-line infrastructure on a broad scale difficult; there has been renewed activity in fiber optic cable, but the bundling of fixed-line telephony with TV and internet services will see the country’s teledensity stabilize; mobile subscriptions have reached more than 130% and is projected to exceed 150% by 2026; with 4G LTE universally available, the major mobile companies have been busy launching 5G services in selected areas; the rollout of 5G will be hampered by the lack of availability of suitable frequencies; the 4G had to be reallocated from broadcasting services, and indications are that the same process is going to have to be followed in order to allow the expansion of 5G into its core frequency bands (3.3 to 4.2GHz) (2022)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "fixed-line subscribership roughly 3 per 100 and mobile-cellular 130 per 100 persons; coverage provided by existing network has been expanded by use of over 200,000 telephone kiosks many located in remote areas; mobile-cellular subscribership growing rapidly (2020)" + "text": "fixed-line subscribership roughly 4 per 100 and mobile-cellular 130 per 100 persons (2020)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 62; landing points for the SEA-ME-WE-3 & 5, DAMAI, JASUKA, BDM, Dumai-Melaka Cable System, IGG, JIBA, Link 1, 3, 4,  & 5, PGASCOM, B3J2, Tanjung Pandam-Sungai Kakap Cable System, JAKABARE, JAYABAYA, INDIGO-West, Matrix Cable System, ASC, SJJK, Jaka2LaDeMa, S-U-B Cable System, JBCS, MKCS, BALOK, Palapa Ring East, West and Middle, SMPCS Packet-1 and 2, LTCS, TSCS, SEA-US and Kamal Domestic Submarine Cable System, 35 submarine cable networks that provide links throughout Asia, the Middle East, Australia, Southeast Asia, Africa and Europe; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) (2019)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json index 79138f45..7860b0bc 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json @@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ "text": "12.06% (male 7,564,067/female 7,570,732)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "29.18% (2020 est.) (male 16,034,973/female 20,592,496)" + "text": "29.18% (male 16,034,973/female 20,592,496) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json index e7050251..42ab3587 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json @@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ "text": "11.77% (male 1,454,000/female 1,585,830)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "9.75% (2021 est.) (male 878,176/female 1,640,031)" + "text": "9.75% (male 878,176/female 1,640,031) (2021 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1089,7 +1089,7 @@ "note": "note: the bulk of the KPA is made up of conscripts; as many as 20% of North Korean males between the ages of 16 and 54 are in the military at a given time and possibly up to 30 percent of males between the ages of 18 and 27, not counting the reserves or paramilitary units" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "

in addition to the invasion of South Korea and the subsequent Korean War (1950-53), North Korea from the 1960s to the 1980s launched a considerable number of limited military and subversive actions against South Korea using special forces and terrorist tactics; including aggressive skirmishes along the DMZ, overt attempts to assassinate South Korean leaders, kidnappings, the bombing of an airliner, and a failed effort in 1968 to foment an insurrection and conduct a guerrilla war in the South with more than 100 seaborne commandos; from the 1990s until 2010, the North lost two submarines and a semi-submersible boat attempting to insert infiltrators into the South (1996, 1998) and provoked several engagements in the Northwest Islands area along the disputed Northern Limit Line (NLL), including naval skirmishes between patrol boats in 1999 and 2002, the torpedoing and sinking of a South Korean Navy corvette in 2010, and the bombardment of a South Korean Marine Corps installation on Yeonpyeong Island, also in 2010; since 2010, further minor incidents continue to occur periodically along the DMZ, where both the KPA and the South Korean military maintain large numbers of troops

in 2018, North Korea and South Korea signed a tension reduction agreement known as the Comprehensive Military Agreement (CMA), which established land, sea, and air buffer zones along the DMZ and the NLL; implementation of the CMA required the removal of some land mines and guard posts; the efforts led to a reduction of tension in the DMZ, but as of 2022 North Korea had failed to uphold much of its side of the agreement

the KPA was founded in 1948; Kim Jong Un is the KPA supreme commander, while operational control of the armed forces resides in the General Staff Department (GSD), which reports directly to Kim; the GSD maintains overall control of all military forces and is charged with turning Kim’s directives into operational military orders; the Ministry of National Defense (MND) is responsible for administrative control of the military and external relations with foreign militaries

as of 2022, North Korea’s growing ballistic missile program included close- (CRBM), short- (SRBM), medium- (MRBM), intermediate- (IRBM), and intercontinental- (ICBM) range ballistic missiles; the North received its first ballistic missiles, short-range FROGs (free rocket over ground), from the Soviet Union in the 1960s, but its modern ballistic missile program is generally thought to date back to the mid-1970s when it received a Soviet Scud-class missile, likely from Egypt; the North reverse-engineered the missile and developed an indigenously built version in 1984; it flight-tested its first Scud-based medium-range Nodong missile in 1990, and probably began development of the multi-stage Taepodong missiles around this time as well; the North revealed its first road-mobile ICBM in 2012 and conducted the first test of an ICBM-class system in 2017; it conducted additional ICBM tests in 2022

" + "text": "in addition to the invasion of South Korea and the subsequent Korean War (1950-53), North Korea from the 1960s to the 1980s launched a considerable number of limited military and subversive actions against South Korea using special forces and terrorist tactics; including aggressive skirmishes along the DMZ, overt attempts to assassinate South Korean leaders, kidnappings, the bombing of an airliner, and a failed effort in 1968 to foment an insurrection and conduct a guerrilla war in the South with more than 100 seaborne commandos; from the 1990s until 2010, the North lost two submarines and a semi-submersible boat attempting to insert infiltrators into the South (1996, 1998) and provoked several engagements in the Northwest Islands area along the disputed Northern Limit Line (NLL), including naval skirmishes between patrol boats in 1999 and 2002, the torpedoing and sinking of a South Korean Navy corvette in 2010, and the bombardment of a South Korean Marine Corps installation on Yeonpyeong Island, also in 2010; since 2010, further minor incidents continue to occur periodically along the DMZ, where both the KPA and the South Korean military maintain large numbers of troops

in 2018, North Korea and South Korea signed a tension reduction agreement known as the Comprehensive Military Agreement (CMA), which established land, sea, and air buffer zones along the DMZ and the NLL; implementation of the CMA required the removal of some land mines and guard posts; the efforts led to a reduction of tension in the DMZ, but as of 2022 North Korea had failed to uphold much of its side of the agreement

the KPA was founded in 1948; Kim Jong Un is the KPA supreme commander, while operational control of the armed forces resides in the General Staff Department (GSD), which reports directly to Kim; the GSD maintains overall control of all military forces and is charged with turning Kim’s directives into operational military orders; the Ministry of National Defense (MND) is responsible for administrative control of the military and external relations with foreign militaries

as of 2022, North Korea’s growing ballistic missile program included close- (CRBM), short- (SRBM), medium- (MRBM), intermediate- (IRBM), and intercontinental- (ICBM) range ballistic missiles; the North received its first ballistic missiles, short-range FROGs (free rocket over ground), from the Soviet Union in the 1960s, but its modern ballistic missile program is generally thought to date back to the mid-1970s when it received a Soviet Scud-class missile, likely from Egypt; the North reverse-engineered the missile and developed an indigenously built version in 1984; it flight-tested its first Scud-based medium-range Nodong missile in 1990, and probably began development of the multi-stage Taepodong missiles around this time as well; the North revealed its first road-mobile ICBM in 2012 and conducted the first test of an ICBM-class system in 2017; it conducted additional ICBM tests in 2022 (2022)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json index 441fa07b..c0cddbaa 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ "text": "15.66% (male 3,958,718/female 4,142,322)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "16.74% (2021 est.) (male 3,766,138/female 4,888,799)" + "text": "16.74% (male 3,766,138/female 4,888,799) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json index 8b9cf955..4ff67099 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json @@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ "text": "5.73% (male 206,977/female 219,833)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "4.13% (2020 est.) (male 139,665/female 168,046)" + "text": "4.13% (male 139,665/female 168,046) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json index e8526045..7ad17162 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json @@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ "text": "14.57% (male 44,512/female 45,007)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "12.56% (2020 est.) (male 36,223/female 40,953)" + "text": "12.56% (male 36,223/female 40,953) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json index 1697556d..86fe1ffa 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ "text": "8.04% (male 115,560/female 139,129)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "4.78% (2020 est.) (male 60,966/female 90,482)" + "text": "4.78% (male 60,966/female 90,482) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1223,7 +1223,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Mongolian Armed Forces (MAF): General Purpose Troops (Mongolian Army), Air/Air Defense Force, Cyber Security, Special Forces, Civil Engineering, Civil Defense Forces (2022)", + "text": "Mongolian Armed Forces (MAF): Mongolian Ground Force (aka General Purpose Troops), Air/Air Defense Force, Cyber Security, Special Forces, Civil Engineering, Civil Defense Forces (2022)", "note": "note: the National Police Agency and the General Authority for Border Protection, which operate under the Ministry of Justice and Home Affairs, are primarily responsible for internal security; they are assisted by the General Intelligence Agency under the prime minister; the Armed Forces assist the internal security forces in providing domestic emergency assistance and disaster relief" }, "Military expenditures": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json index 671c2c48..aed393fc 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json @@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ "text": "8.81% (male 1,458,038/female 1,418,280)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "6.9% (2020 est.) (male 1,066,627/female 1,184,863)" + "text": "6.9% (male 1,066,627/female 1,184,863) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json index 53862c01..750a963b 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json @@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ "text": "5.83% (male 218,529/female 204,717)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "4.64% (2020 est.) (male 164,734/female 171,916)" + "text": "4.64% (male 164,734/female 171,916) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json index 3dc73a37..39a88895 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json @@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ "text": "6.18% (male 3,116,485/female 3,633,301)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "4.86% (2020 est.) (male 2,155,840/female 3,154,166)" + "text": "4.86% (male 2,155,840/female 3,154,166) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1296,7 +1296,7 @@ "note": "note: as of 2020, women made up about 6% of the active military; women were allowed to enter the Philippine Military Academy and train as combat soldiers in 1993" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) were formally organized during the American colonial period as the Philippine Army; they were established by the National Defense Act of 1935 and were comprised of both Filipinos and Americans

the US and Philippines agreed to a mutual defense treaty in 1951; in 2014, the two governments signed an Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA) that established new parameters for military cooperation; under the EDCA, the Philippine Government may grant US troops access to Philippine military bases on a rotational basis “for security cooperation exercises, joint and combined military training activities, and humanitarian assistance and disaster relief activities”; the Philippines has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments

as of 2022, the AFP's primary air and ground operational focus was on internal security duties, particularly in the south, where several separatist insurgent and terrorist groups operated and up to 60% of the armed forces were deployed; additional combat operations were being conducted against the Communist Peoples Party/New People’s Army, which was active mostly on Luzon, the Visayas, and areas of Mindanao

in addition to its typical roles of patrolling and defending the country's maritime claims, the Navy conducts interdiction operations against terrorist, insurgent, and criminal groups around the southern islands; in 2017, the Philippines began conducting joint maritime patrols with Indonesia and Malaysia to counter regional terrorist activities, particularly in the Sulu Sea; the Philippine Marine Corps assists the Army in counterinsurgency operations

the Philippines National Police (PNP) also has an active role in counterinsurgency and counter-terrorism operations alongside the AFP, particularly the Special Action Force, a PNP commando unit that specializes in urban counter-terrorism operations (2022)" + "text": "the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) were formally organized during the American colonial period as the Philippine Army; they were established by the National Defense Act of 1935 and were comprised of both Filipinos and Americans

the US and Philippines agreed to a mutual defense treaty in 1951; in 2014, the two governments signed an Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA) that established new parameters for military cooperation; under the EDCA, the Philippine Government may grant US troops access to Philippine military bases on a rotational basis “for security cooperation exercises, joint and combined military training activities, and humanitarian assistance and disaster relief activities”; the Philippines has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments

as of 2022, the AFP's primary air and ground operational focus was on internal security duties, particularly in the south, where several separatist Islamic insurgent and terrorist groups operated and up to 60% of the armed forces were deployed; additional combat operations were being conducted against the Communist Peoples Party/New People’s Army, which was active mostly on Luzon, the Visayas, and areas of Mindanao; prior to a peace deal in 2014, the AFP fought a decades-long conflict against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), a separatist organization based mostly on the island of Mindanao; the MILF's armed wing, the Bangsamoro Islamic Armed Forces (BIAF), had up to 40,000 fighters under arms

in addition to its typical roles of patrolling and defending the country's maritime claims, the Navy conducts interdiction operations against terrorist, insurgent, and criminal groups around the southern islands; in 2017, the Philippines began conducting joint maritime patrols with Indonesia and Malaysia to counter regional terrorist activities, particularly in the Sulu Sea; the Philippine Marine Corps assists the Army in counterinsurgency operations

the Philippines National Police (PNP) also has an active role in counterinsurgency and counter-terrorism operations alongside the AFP, particularly the Special Action Force, a PNP commando unit that specializes in urban counter-terrorism operations (2022)" }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "

the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial waters of littoral states and offshore waters in the South China Sea as high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; an emerging threat area lies in the Celebes and Sulu Seas between the Philippines and Malaysia where 11 ships were attacked in 2021; numerous commercial vessels have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; hijacked vessels are often disguised and cargoes stolen

" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json index 11c7652c..ba6cd437 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json @@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ "text": "10.58% (male 328,024/female 328,808)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "10.89% (2020 est.) (male 310,123/female 366,259)" + "text": "10.89% (male 310,123/female 366,259) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json index 84cf3d4c..5d9d64bd 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json @@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ "text": "13.01% (male 4,200,077/female 4,774,801)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "11.82% (2020 est.) (male 3,553,273/female 4,601,119)" + "text": "11.82% (male 3,553,273/female 4,601,119) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json index 0002ba56..1d702352 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json @@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ "text": "5.22% (male 34,956/female 37,229)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "4.06% (2020 est.) (male 27,153/female 29,024)" + "text": "4.06% (male 27,153/female 29,024) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json index 1f73616d..8aed7a27 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json @@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ "text": "14.73% (male 1,698,555/female 1,778,529)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "15.72% (2020 est.) (male 1,681,476/female 2,029,576)" + "text": "15.72% (male 1,681,476/female 2,029,576) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json index 1126f85e..27ef7fac 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json @@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ "text": "9.55% (male 4,412,111/female 5,016,880)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "6.91% (2020 est.) (male 2,702,963/female 4,121,969)" + "text": "6.91% (male 2,702,963/female 4,121,969) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/europe/al.json b/europe/al.json index 5e126d85..9933b828 100644 --- a/europe/al.json +++ b/europe/al.json @@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ "text": "11.94% (male 178,419/female 188,783)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "13.03% (2020 est.) (male 186,335/female 214,276)" + "text": "13.03% (male 186,335/female 214,276) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -747,7 +747,8 @@ }, "Standard & Poors rating": { "text": "B+ (2016)" - } + }, + "note": "note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained." }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { diff --git a/europe/an.json b/europe/an.json index 7d999c9f..7cc1fa74 100644 --- a/europe/an.json +++ b/europe/an.json @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ "text": "15.91% (male 7,184/female 6,443)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "17.36% (2020 est.) (male 7,544/female 7,323)" + "text": "17.36% (male 7,544/female 7,323) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/europe/au.json b/europe/au.json index f89bb8a4..53e89e28 100644 --- a/europe/au.json +++ b/europe/au.json @@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ "text": "14.41% (male 635,342/female 641,389)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "19.87% (2020 est.) (male 768,687/female 991,621)" + "text": "19.87% (male 768,687/female 991,621) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1271,7 +1271,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "57,887 (Syria), 41,037 (Afghanistan), 9,661 (Iraq), 8,212 (Somalia), 7,046 (Iran), 7,003 (Russia) (mid-year 2021); 85,415 (Ukraine) (as of 1 November 2022)" + "text": "57,887 (Syria), 41,037 (Afghanistan), 9,661 (Iraq), 8,212 (Somalia), 7,046 (Iran), 7,003 (Russia) (mid-year 2021); 85,868 (Ukraine) (as of 8 November 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "3,229 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/be.json b/europe/be.json index b7e6248a..20fa3681 100644 --- a/europe/be.json +++ b/europe/be.json @@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ "text": "13.14% (male 764,902/female 775,454)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "19.21% (2020 est.) (male 988,148/female 1,263,109)" + "text": "19.21% (male 988,148/female 1,263,109) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/europe/bk.json b/europe/bk.json index e0e21e5f..784c24a9 100644 --- a/europe/bk.json +++ b/europe/bk.json @@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ "text": "15.24% (male 284,415/female 300,168)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "16.22% (2020 est.) (male 249,624/female 372,594)" + "text": "16.22% (male 249,624/female 372,594) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ "text": "House of Peoples - last held on 2 October 2022 (next to be held in 2026)
House of Representatives - last held on 2 October 2022 (next to be held in 2026)" }, "election results": { - "text": "House of Peoples - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - NA; composition - men 12, women 3, percent of women 20%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - SDA 17.2%, SNSD 16.3%, HDZ BiH 8.8%, SDP 8.2%, SDS 7.1%, DF-GS 6.4%, NiP 5%, PDP 4.6%, NS/HC 3.1%, NES 3%, For Justice and Order 2.1%, DEMOS 1.9%, US 1.6%, BHI KF 1.3%, other 13.4%; seats by party/coalition - SDA 9, SNSD 6, SDP 5, HDZ BiH 4, DF-GS 3, NiP 3, SDS 2, PDP 2, NS/HC 2, NES 2, For Justice and Order 1, DEMOS 1, US 1, BHI KF 1; composition - men NA, women NA, percent of women NA; note - total Parliamentary Assembly percent of women NA" + "text": "House of Peoples - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - NA; composition - men 12, women 3, percent of women 20%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - SDA 17.2%, SNSD 16.3%, HDZ BiH 8.8%, SDP 8.2%, SDS 7.1%, DF-GS 6.4%, NiP 5%, PDP 4.6%, NS/HC 3.1%, NES 3%, For Justice and Order 2.1%, DEMOS 1.9%, US 1.6%, BHI KF 1.3%, other 13.4%; seats by party/coalition - SDA 9, SNSD 6, SDP 5, HDZ BiH 4, DF-GS 3, NiP 3, SDS 2, PDP 2, NS/HC 2, NES 2, For Justice and Order 1, DEMOS 1, US 1, BHI KF 1; composition - men 31, women 11, percent of women 26.2%; note - total Parliamentary Assembly percent of women 24.6%" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -1248,7 +1248,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "149 (mid-year 2021)" }, - "note": "note: 105, 097 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2022)" + "note": "note: 108,229 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-November 2022)" }, "Trafficking in persons": { "current situation": { diff --git a/europe/bo.json b/europe/bo.json index 19439437..95b499f2 100644 --- a/europe/bo.json +++ b/europe/bo.json @@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ "text": "14.45% (male 605,330/female 763,972)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "15.93% (2020 est.) (male 493,055/female 1,017,211)" + "text": "15.93% (male 493,055/female 1,017,211) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1089,7 +1089,7 @@ }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "the government of Belarus has successfully promoted the migration to an all-IP platform as part of a wider effort towards a digital transformation for the economy; the state-supported infrastructure operator beCloud has built an extensive fiber network which reaches all but the smallest settlements in the country; Belarus has the second highest fiber subscription rate in Europe, behind only Iceland; LTE coverage is almost universal, while considerable progress has also been made in developing 5G services (2021)" + "text": "the Government of Belarus has successfully promoted the migration to an all-IP platform as part of a wider effort towards a digital transformation for the economy; the state-supported infrastructure operator beCloud has built an extensive fiber network, which reaches all but the smallest settlements in the country; Belarus has the second-highest fiber subscription rate in Europe, behind only Iceland; LTE coverage is almost universal, while considerable progress has also been made in developing 5G services (2021)" }, "domestic": { "text": "fixed-line teledensity is improving although rural areas continue to be underserved, approximately 47 per 100 fixed-line; mobile-cellular teledensity now roughly 124 telephones per 100 persons (2020)" @@ -1262,7 +1262,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "16,195 (Ukraine) (as of 31 October 2022)" + "text": "16,571 (Ukraine) (as of 7 November 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "6,104 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/bu.json b/europe/bu.json index c5507d12..46952ff9 100644 --- a/europe/bu.json +++ b/europe/bu.json @@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ "text": "13.15% (male 433,943/female 482,474)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "20.06% (2020 est.) (male 562,513/female 835,053)" + "text": "20.06% (male 562,513/female 835,053) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/europe/cy.json b/europe/cy.json index 1fec8f51..27fccb8b 100644 --- a/europe/cy.json +++ b/europe/cy.json @@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ "text": "11.92% (male 72,476/female 78,511)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "12.97% (2020 est.) (male 71,053/female 93,277)" + "text": "12.97% (male 71,053/female 93,277) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1090,10 +1090,10 @@ }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "Cyprus has suffered from the effects of the pandemic, which essentially closed down the tourism sector during 2020 and into 2021; the mobile market is served by four mobile network operators; in mid-2021 Monaco agreed to sell its entire passive infrastructure in Cyprus; the number of mobile subscribers fell in 2020, largely the result of subscribers scaling back on multiple SIM cards as an economic measure; the broadband market continues to develop steadily, providing the country with one of the highest broadband subscription rates in the region; DSL remains the dominant access platform, accounting for about two-thirds of fixed broadband connections; fiber infrastructure in Cyprus is minimal, in common with other markets in the region there are efforts underway (supported by the government and regulator) to extend an FttP service to about 200,000 premises; the number of DSL subscribers is set to fall steadily in coming years as customers are migrated to the fiber platform; regulator concludes multi-spectrum auction for 5G, issues licenses; Epic signs vendor agreement with Huawei to develop 5G (2021)" + "text": "Cyprus suffered from the effects of the pandemic in 2020 and 2021, when the tourism sector was essentially closed; during 2022, there have been adverse effects caused by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, which has resulted in a dramatic drop in the number of Russian tourists entering the country; the mobile market is served by four mobile network operators; the number of mobile subscribers fell in 2020, largely the result of subscribers scaling back on multiple SIM cards as an economic measure; the broadband market continues to develop steadily, providing the country with one of the highest broadband penetration rates in the region; DSL remains the dominant access platform, accounting for about two-thirds of fixed broadband connections; although fiber infrastructure in Cyprus is minimal (supported by the government and regulator) to extend an FttP service to about 200,000 premises; as a result, the number of DSL subscribers is set to fall steadily in coming years as customers are migrated to the fiber platform (2021)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "fixed-line about 35 per 100 and about 139 per 100 for mobile-cellular teledensity; open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay (2020)" + "text": "fixed-line about 35 per 100 and about 140 per 100 for mobile-cellular teledensity; open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay (2020)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90); a number of submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, CADMOS, MedNautilus Submarine System, POSEIDON, TE North/TGN-Eurasia/SEACOM/Alexandros/Medes, UGARIT, Aphrodite2, Hawk, Lev Submarine System, and Tamares combine to provide connectivity to Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Australia, and Southeast Asia; Turcyos-1 and Turcyos-2 submarine cable in Turkish North Cyprus link to Turkey; tropospheric scatter; satellite earth stations - 8 (3 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean, 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat) (2019)" @@ -1253,7 +1253,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "9,820 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 14,523 (Ukraine) (as of 30 October 2022)" + "text": "9,820 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 14,818 (Ukraine) (as of 8 November 2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "242,000 (both Turkish and Greek Cypriots; many displaced since 1974) (2021)" diff --git a/europe/da.json b/europe/da.json index d581b0e5..e0226ace 100644 --- a/europe/da.json +++ b/europe/da.json @@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ "text": "12.63% (male 370,338/female 371,149)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "19.91% (2020 est.) (male 538,096/female 630,475)" + "text": "19.91% (male 538,096/female 630,475) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -577,10 +577,10 @@ "text": "unicameral People's Assembly or Folketing (179 seats, including 2 each representing Greenland and the Faroe Islands; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms unless the Folketing is dissolved earlier)" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 5 June 2019 (next to be held on 1 November 2022)" + "text": "last held on 1 November 2022 (next to be held on 31 October 2026)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - SDP 27.4%, V 24.6%, DF 9.1%, SLP 9.1%, SF 8%, EL 7.4%, C 6.9%, AP 2.9%, NB 2.3%, LA 2.3%; seats by party - SDP 48, V 43, DF 16, SLP 16, SF 14, EL 13, C 12, AP 5, NB 4, LA 4; composition (as of September 2021) - men 108, women 71 (includes 2 from Greenland), percent of women 39.7%" + "text": "percent of vote by party - SDP 27.5%, V 13.3%, M 9.3%, E 8.1%, DF 2.6%, SLP 3.8%, SF 8.3%, EL 5.1%, C 5.5%, AP 3.3%, NB 3.3%, LA 8.1%; seats by party - SDP 50, V 23, M 16, E 14, DF 5, SLP 7, SF 15, EL 9, C 10, AP 6, NB 6, LA 14; composition

5 June 2019:  percent of vote by party - SDP 27.4%, V 24.6%, DF 9.1%, SLP 9.1%, SF 8%, EL 7.4%, C 6.9%, AP 2.9%, NB 2.3%, LA 2.3%; seats by party - SDP 48, V 43, DF 16, SLP 16, SF 14, EL 13, C 12, AP 5, NB 4, LA 4; composition (as of September 2021) - men 108, women 71 (includes 2 from Greenland), percent of women 39.7%" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "The Alternative AP [Franciska ROSENKILDE]
Conservative People's Party or DKF or C [Soren PAPE POULSEN]
Danish People's Party or DF or O [Morten MESSERSCHMIDT]
Green Left or SF or F [Pia OLSEN DYHR] (formerly Socialist People's Party or SF or F)
Liberal Alliance or LA or I [Alex VANOPSLAGH]
Liberal Party (Venstre) or V [Jakob ELLEMANN-JENSEN]
New Right Party or NB or D [Pernille VERMUND]
Red-Green Alliance (Unity List) or EL [collective leadership, Mai VILLADSEN, spokesperson]
Social Democrats or SDP or A [Mette FREDERIKSEN]
Social Liberal Party or SLP or B [Sofie CARSTEN NIELSEN]" + "text": "The Alternative AP [Franciska ROSENKILDE]
Conservative People's Party or DKF or C [Soren PAPE POULSEN]
Danish People's Party or DF or O [Morten MESSERSCHMIDT]
Denmark Democrats or E [Inger STOJBERG]
Green Left or SF or F [Pia OLSEN DYHR] (formerly Socialist People's Party or SF or F)
Liberal Alliance or LA or I [Alex VANOPSLAGH]
Liberal Party (Venstre) or V [Jakob ELLEMANN-JENSEN]
Moderates or M [Lars Lokke RASMUSSEN]
New Right Party or NB or D [Ann Pernille VERMUND TVEDE]
Red-Green Alliance (Unity List) or EL [collective leadership, Mai VILLADSEN, spokesperson]
Social Democrats or SDP or A [Mette FREDERIKSEN]
Social Liberal Party or SLP or B [Sofie CARSTEN NIELSEN]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" @@ -1259,7 +1259,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "19,833 (Syria), 5,634 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2021); 36,736 (Ukraine) (as of 30 October 2022)" + "text": "19,833 (Syria), 5,634 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2021); 36,983 (Ukraine) (as of 8 November 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "11,608 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/ee.json b/europe/ee.json index f5358726..4f7dfe59 100644 --- a/europe/ee.json +++ b/europe/ee.json @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ "text": "13.52% (male 29,805,200/female 31,424,172)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "20.5% (2020 est.) (male 39,834,507/female 53,020,673)" + "text": "20.5% (male 39,834,507/female 53,020,673) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/europe/ei.json b/europe/ei.json index f30be9bd..4840532b 100644 --- a/europe/ei.json +++ b/europe/ei.json @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ "text": "10.77% (male 278,836/female 278,498)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "13.82% (2020 est.) (male 331,772/female 383,592)" + "text": "13.82% (male 331,772/female 383,592) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1252,7 +1252,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "56,333 (Ukraine) (as of 31 October 2022)" + "text": "56,829 (Ukraine) (as of 8 November 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "107 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/en.json b/europe/en.json index 71aac3af..186e53b1 100644 --- a/europe/en.json +++ b/europe/en.json @@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ "text": "13.58% (male 76,251/female 90,576)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "21% (2020 est.) (male 89,211/female 168,762)" + "text": "21% (male 89,211/female 168,762) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1254,7 +1254,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "61,276 (Ukraine) (as of 28 October 2022)" + "text": "62,023 (Ukraine) (as of 8 November 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "71,873 (mid-year 2021); note - following independence in 1991, automatic citizenship was restricted to those who were Estonian citizens prior to the 1940 Soviet occupation and their descendants; thousands of ethnic Russians remained stateless when forced to choose between passing Estonian language and citizenship tests or applying for Russian citizenship; one reason for demurring on Estonian citizenship was to retain the right of visa-free travel to Russia; stateless residents can vote in local elections but not general elections; stateless parents who have been lawful residents of Estonia for at least five years can apply for citizenship for their children before they turn 15 years old" diff --git a/europe/ez.json b/europe/ez.json index 041568c1..8d7d14df 100644 --- a/europe/ez.json +++ b/europe/ez.json @@ -119,12 +119,11 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Czech (official) 88.4%, Slovak 1.5%, other 2.6%, unspecified 7.2% (2021 est.)" + "text": "Czech (official) 88.4%, Slovak 1.5%, other 2.6%, unspecified 7.2%

note: includes only persons with one mother tongue (2021 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
World Fackbook, nepostradatelný zdroj základních informací. (Czech)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - }, - "note": "note: includes only persons with one mother tongue" + } }, "Religions": { "text": "Roman Catholic 7%, other believers belonging to a church or religious society 6% (includes Evangelical United Brethren Church and Czechoslovak Hussite Church), believers unaffiliated with a religious society 9.1%, none 47.8%, unspecified 30.1% (2021 est.)" @@ -143,7 +142,7 @@ "text": "12.12% (male 636,357/female 660,748)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "20.23% (2020 est.) (male 907,255/female 1,257,515)" + "text": "20.23% (male 907,255/female 1,257,515) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -582,10 +581,10 @@ "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:
Senate or Senat (81 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 6-year terms with one-third of the membership renewed every 2 years)

Chamber of Deputies or Poslanecka Snemovna (200 seats; members directly elected in 14 multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote with a 5% threshold required to fill a seat; members serve 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "Senate - last held in 2 rounds on 2-3 and 9-10 October 2020 (next to be held in October 2022)
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 8-9 October 2021 (next to be held by October 2025)" + "text": "Senate - last held in 2 rounds on 23-24 September and 30 September and 1 October 2022 (next to be held in October 2024)
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 8-9 October 2021 (next to be held by October 2025)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - STAN 19, ODS 18, KDU-CSL 12, ANO 5, TOP 09 5, CSSD 3, SEN 21 3, Pirates 2, SZ 1, minor parties with one seat each 9, independents 4; composition (as of October 2021) - men 69, women 12, percent of women 14.8%
Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party – SPOLU 27.8%, Action of Dissatisfied Persons 27.1%, Pirates and Mayors 15.6%, Freedom and Direct Democracy 9.6%, other 19.9%; seats by party - Action of Dissatisfied Persons 72, SPOLU 71, Pirates and Mayors 37, Freedom and Direct Democracy 20; composition (as of October 2021) - men 154, women 46, percent of women 23%; note - total Parliament percent of women 26%" + "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - seats by party - ODS 23, STAN 15, KDU-CSL 12, ANO 5, TOP 09 6, CSSD 1, SEN 21 4, Pirates 2, minor parties with one seat each 9, independents 1

Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party – SPOLU 27.8%, Action of Dissatisfied Persons (ANO)27.1%, Pirates and Mayors of Independents (STAN) 15.6%, Freedom and Direct Democracy 9.6%, other 19.9%; seats by party - Action of Dissatisfied Persons 72, SPOLU 71, Pirates and Mayors 37, Freedom and Direct Democracy 20" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -600,7 +599,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Christian Democratic Union-Czechoslovak People's Party or KDU-CSL [Marian JURECKA]
Civic Democratic Party or ODS [Petr FIALA]
Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia or KSCM [Katerina KONECNA]
Czech Social Democratic Party or CSSD [Michal SMARDA]
Czech Sovereignty [Jana VOLFOVA] (formerly Free Bloc or VB)
Freedom and Direct Democracy or SPD [Tomio OKAMURA]
Mayors and Independents or STAN [Vit RAKUSAN]
Movement of Dissatisfied Citizens or ANO [Andrej BABIS]
Oath or Prisaha or PSH [Robert SLACHTA]
Pirate Party or Pirates [Ivan BARTOS]
Tradition Responsibility Prosperity 09 or TOP 09 [Marketa PEKAROVA ADAMOVA]
Tricolor Freedomites Freeholders or TSS [Zuzana MAJEROVA ZAHRADNIKOVA]" + "text": "Christian Democratic Union-Czechoslovak People's Party or KDU-CSL [Marian JURECKA]
Civic Democratic Party or ODS [Petr FIALA]
Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia or KSCM [Katerina KONECNA]
Czech Social Democratic Party or CSSD [Michal SMARDA]
Freedom and Direct Democracy or SPD [Tomio OKAMURA]
Mayors and Independents or STAN [Vit RAKUSAN]
Mayors for the Liberec Region [Martin PUTA]
Movement of Dissatisfied Citizens or ANO [Andrej BABIS]
Party of Free Citizens Svobodni [Libor VONDRACEK]
Pirate Party or Pirates [Ivan BARTOS]
Senator 21 [Vaclav LASKA]
Tradition Responsibility Prosperity 09 or TOP 09 [Marketa PEKAROVA ADAMOVA]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" @@ -627,7 +626,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Michael J. DODMAN (since 29 March 2022)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Christy AGOR (since 18 August 2022)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Trziste 15, 118 01 Praha 1 - Mala Strana" @@ -1249,7 +1248,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "455,731 (Ukraine) (as of 31 October 2022)" + "text": "458,679 (Ukraine) (as of 8 November 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "1,498 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/fi.json b/europe/fi.json index ce697186..b5c46110 100644 --- a/europe/fi.json +++ b/europe/fi.json @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ "text": "13.02% (male 357,687/female 367,610)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "22.26% (2020 est.) (male 543,331/female 697,045)" + "text": "22.26% (male 543,331/female 697,045) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1268,7 +1268,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "9,053 (Iraq) (mid-year 2021); 38,588 (Ukraine) (as of 26 October 2022)" + "text": "9,053 (Iraq) (mid-year 2021); 38,588 (Ukraine) (as of 8 November 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "3,416 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/fo.json b/europe/fo.json index 06f98027..b5f58cfe 100644 --- a/europe/fo.json +++ b/europe/fo.json @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ "text": "12% (male 3,199/female 2,996)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "17.41% (2020 est.) (male 4,352/female 4,636)" + "text": "17.41% (male 4,352/female 4,636) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -848,7 +848,7 @@ }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "good international and domestic communications; telecommunications network of high standards with excellent coverage throughout most parts of the country and at competitive prices (2020)" + "text": "the Faroe Islands have a highly developed communication network, which covers the whole country; from telecommunication and mobile phones to the internet and media, the Faroe Islands are at the forefront of modern communications technology; working within the special geographic circumstances of the Faroe Islands; companies have become world experts in providing digital communication solutions to remote and sparsely populated areas (2022)" }, "domestic": { "text": "roughly 31 per 100 teledensity for fixed-line and nearly 121 per 100 for mobile-cellular; both NMT (analog) and GSM (digital) mobile telephone systems are installed (2020)" diff --git a/europe/fr.json b/europe/fr.json index de4067af..e56ce5e3 100644 --- a/europe/fr.json +++ b/europe/fr.json @@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ "text": "12.47% (male 4,085,564/female 4,376,272)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "20.46% (2020 est.) (male 6,029,303/female 7,855,244)" + "text": "20.46% (male 6,029,303/female 7,855,244) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1133,7 +1133,7 @@ }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "France's telecom market is one of the largest in Europe; telecom revenue, at about €30 billion annually, has declined in recent years and came under particular pressure during 2020 when a sequence of local and national lock downs, as well as restrictions on international travel, resulted in a sharp drop in revenue from roaming and device sales; this was partly offset by growth in data traffic and the migration of subscribers to faster fixed-line broadband packages, mostly based on fiber; there is a multi-year Engage 2025 plan which is focused on growth in the developing markets, and on the greater use of artificial intelligence and data; the mobile phone market, worth about €13 billion annually; there are many MVNOs in the market, though their share of subscribers fell at the end of 2020 when one of the largest of them was acquired by its host network operator; LTE networks provide near universal coverage, and carry about 95% of mobile data traffic; operators have launched 5G services, and these have been supported by the late-2020 auction of spectrum in the 3.5GHz range; France’s fixed broadband market is increasingly focused on fiber, which accounted for 71% of all fixed lines at the beginning of 2021; growth in the fiber sector has been stimulated by households securing faster data packages during the pandemic; the number of DSL lines has fallen sharply as customers migrate to fiber infrastructure (2021)" + "text": "France's telecom market is one of the largest in Europe; there is a multi-year Engage 2025 plan which is focused on growth in the developing markets, and on the greater use of artificial intelligence and data; there are many MVNOs in the market; LTE networks provide near universal coverage, and carry about 95% of mobile data traffic; operators have launched 5G services, and these have been supported by the late-2020 auction of spectrum in the 3.5GHz range; France’s fixed broadband market is increasingly focused on fiber, which accounted for 71% of all fixed lines at the beginning of 2021; growth in the fiber sector has been stimulated by households securing faster data packages during the pandemic; the number of DSL lines has fallen sharply as customers migrate to fiber infrastructure (2021)" }, "domestic": { "text": "nearly 58 per 100 persons for fixed-line and over 111 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2020)" @@ -1320,7 +1320,7 @@ "note": "note 1: in 2019, women comprised approximately approximately 16% of the uniformed armed forces 

note 2: men between the ages of 17.5 and 39.5 years of age, of any nationality, may join the French Foreign Legion; those volunteers selected for service sign five-year contracts

note 3: in 2018, Parliament passed a law that would require military service for all genders beginning in 2024; Prime Minister MACRON included the measure in his platform hoping that it would reinvigorate a sense of civic duty; the service would include two components: the first would take place around age 16 and include one month of training and civic service, while the second component would last between three months and a year and be more geared towards defense and security duties; France began a pilot for the program in 2019" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "approximately 4,000 Burkina Faso/Chad/Niger (Operation Barkhane, Operation Sabre; note - in 2021, France announced that it would cut the number of troops in this force to about 2,500 by 2023); approximately 300 Central African Republic; 300 Comoros; approximately 900 Cote D'Ivoire; approximately 1,450 Djibouti; 220 Estonia (NATO); approximately 2,000 French Guyana; approximately 900 French Polynesia; approximately 1,000 French West Indies; 350 Gabon; approximately 500 Middle East (Iraq/Jordan/Syria); 600 Lebanon (UNIFIL); approximately 1,400 New Caledonia; approximately 1,700 Reunion Island; approximately 800 Romania (NATO); approximately 350 Senegal; approximately 650 United Arab Emirates (2022)", + "text": "approximately 3,000 Burkina Faso/Chad/Niger (Operation Barkhane, Operation Sabre); approximately 300 Central African Republic; 300 Comoros; approximately 900 Cote D'Ivoire; approximately 1,450 Djibouti; 220 Estonia (NATO); approximately 2,000 French Guyana; approximately 900 French Polynesia; approximately 1,000 French West Indies; 350 Gabon; approximately 500 Middle East (Iraq/Jordan/Syria); 600 Lebanon (UNIFIL); approximately 1,400 New Caledonia; approximately 1,700 Reunion Island; approximately 800 Romania (NATO); approximately 350 Senegal; approximately 650 United Arab Emirates (2022)", "note": "note 1: France has been a contributing member of the EuroCorps since 1992

note 2: in response to Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including France, have sent additional troops to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe" }, "Military - note": { diff --git a/europe/gi.json b/europe/gi.json index 20045df9..a9876fb7 100644 --- a/europe/gi.json +++ b/europe/gi.json @@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ "text": "8.71% (male 1,082/female 1,495)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "16.7% (2020 est.) (male 2,378/female 2,562)" + "text": "16.7% (male 2,378/female 2,562) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -764,7 +764,7 @@ "text": "Gibraltar’s population is urban based, served by a digital telephone exchange supported by a fiber optic and copper infrastructure; near universal mobile and Internet use (2019)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "automatic exchange facilities; over 50 per 100 fixed-line and 120 per 100 mobile-cellular (2019)" + "text": "automatic exchange facilities; over 51 per 100 fixed-line and 105 per 100 mobile-cellular (2020)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 350; landing point for the EIG to Europe, Asia, Africa and the Middle East via submarine cables; radiotelephone; microwave radio relay; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)" diff --git a/europe/gk.json b/europe/gk.json index d14303dd..fc6f875d 100644 --- a/europe/gk.json +++ b/europe/gk.json @@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ "text": "13.96% (male 4,635/female 4,728)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "20.23% (2020 est.) (male 6,229/female 7,335)" + "text": "20.23% (male 6,229/female 7,335) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -593,10 +593,10 @@ }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "high performance global connections with quality service; connections to major cities around the world to rival and attract future investment and future needs of islanders and businesses (2018)" + "text": "fixed network broadband services are those delivered over physical copper connections, fiber connections and fixed wireless communications links (e.g. WiMax); they do not include services delivered over 2G, 3G and 4G mobile networks (2021)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "fixed-line 54 per 100 and mobile-cellular 114 per 100 persons (2020)" + "text": "fixed-line 47 per 100 and mobile-cellular 112 per 100 persons (2021)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 44; landing points for Guernsey-Jersey, HUGO, INGRID, Channel Islands -9 Liberty and UK-Channel Islands-7 submarine cable to UK and France (2019)" diff --git a/europe/gm.json b/europe/gm.json index 9752fd73..401d6575 100644 --- a/europe/gm.json +++ b/europe/gm.json @@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ "text": "15.74% (male 6,297,886/female 6,316,024)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "22.99% (2020 est.) (male 8,148,873/female 10,277,538)" + "text": "22.99% (male 8,148,873/female 10,277,538) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1307,7 +1307,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "616,325 (Syria), 152,677 (Afghanistan), 147,400 (Iraq), 62,152 (Eritrea), 45,704 (Iran), 34,465 (Turkey), 29,137 (Somalia), 9,329 (Russia), 9,323 (Nigeria), 8,600 (Pakistan), 7,503 (Serbia and Kosovo), 6,057 (Ethiopia) (mid-year 2021); 1,008,935 (Ukraine) (as of 1 November 2022)" + "text": "616,325 (Syria), 152,677 (Afghanistan), 147,400 (Iraq), 62,152 (Eritrea), 45,704 (Iran), 34,465 (Turkey), 29,137 (Somalia), 9,329 (Russia), 9,323 (Nigeria), 8,600 (Pakistan), 7,503 (Serbia and Kosovo), 6,057 (Ethiopia) (mid-year 2021); 1,019,789 (Ukraine) (as of 8 November 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "26,980 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/gr.json b/europe/gr.json index 4f3fb426..e2eaf1a2 100644 --- a/europe/gr.json +++ b/europe/gr.json @@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ "text": "13.1% (male 656,404/female 732,936)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "22.43% (2020 est.) (male 1,057,317/female 1,322,176)" + "text": "22.43% (male 1,057,317/female 1,322,176) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1270,12 +1270,12 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "38,496 (Syria), 25,188 (Afghanistan), 12,657 (Iraq), 5,002 (West Bank and Gaza) (mid-year 2021); 19,997 (Ukraine) (as of 1 November 2022)" + "text": "38,496 (Syria), 25,188 (Afghanistan), 12,657 (Iraq), 5,002 (West Bank and Gaza) (mid-year 2021); 19,997 (Ukraine) (as of 8 November 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "5,552 (mid-year 2021)" }, - "note": "note: 1,226,306 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2022); as of the end of February 2022, Greece hosted an estimated 161,419 refugees and asylum seekers" + "note": "note: 1,227,836 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-November 2022); as of the end of February 2022, Greece hosted an estimated 161,419 refugees and asylum seekers" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis products and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine transits or is consumed in Greece; money laundering related to drug trafficking and organized crime" diff --git a/europe/hr.json b/europe/hr.json index 17168c2f..95155a80 100644 --- a/europe/hr.json +++ b/europe/hr.json @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ "text": "14.24% (male 290,982/female 310,969)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "21.06% (2020 est.) (male 364,076/female 526,427)" + "text": "21.06% (male 364,076/female 526,427) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1287,7 +1287,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "18,990 (Ukraine) (as of 1 November 2022)" + "text": "19,011 (Ukraine) (as of 8 November 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "2,910 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/hu.json b/europe/hu.json index 2cb199c2..c660ca01 100644 --- a/europe/hu.json +++ b/europe/hu.json @@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ "text": "12.17% (male 552,876/female 636,107)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "20.69% (2020 est.) (male 773,157/female 1,248,658)" + "text": "20.69% (male 773,157/female 1,248,658) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1290,7 +1290,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "31,290 (Ukraine) (as of 1 November 2022)" + "text": "31,290 (Ukraine) (as of 8 November 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "130 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/ic.json b/europe/ic.json index 60affec2..1a16772c 100644 --- a/europe/ic.json +++ b/europe/ic.json @@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ "text": "11.94% (male 20,762/female 21,111)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "15.47% (2020 est.) (male 25,546/female 28,697)" + "text": "15.47% (male 25,546/female 28,697) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1058,7 +1058,7 @@ "text": "Iceland has one of the smallest yet most progressive telecom markets in Europe; the country in 2020 became the top in Europe for fiber penetration; it aims to provide a fixed broadband service of at least 100Mb/s to 99.9% of the population by the end of 2021, an ambitious target by international standards and one which it is likely to achieve given the progress which operators have made in extending the reach of fiber networks; there is effective competition in the mobile and broadband markets, with a number of players having emerged to challenge the dominance of the two leading operators which have interests across the telecom sectors; the telecom market has shown some resilience in recent years following the significant economic downturn a decade ago, supported by continuing investment in mobile and fixed-line broadband infrastructure by operators and well as by the government’s Telecommunications Fund which is supporting Next Generation Access networks, particularly in rural areas (2022)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "liberalization of the telecommunications sector beginning in the late 1990s has led to increased competition especially in the mobile services segment of the market; roughly 31 per 100 for fixed line and nearing 124 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2020)" + "text": "31 per 100 for fixed line and nearing 123 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2020)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 354; landing points for the CANTAT-3, FARICE-1, Greenland Connect and DANICE submarine cable system that provides connectivity to Canada, the Faroe Islands, Greenland, UK, Denmark, and Germany; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Iceland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden) (2019)" diff --git a/europe/im.json b/europe/im.json index 0adcfffb..bc8f25a5 100644 --- a/europe/im.json +++ b/europe/im.json @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ "text": "13.82% (male 6,284/female 6,219)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "21.08% (2020 est.) (male 9,023/female 10,058)" + "text": "21.08% (male 9,023/female 10,058) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -712,6 +712,9 @@ }, "Communications": { "Telecommunication systems": { + "general assessment": { + "text": "the Isle of Man has an extensive communications infrastructure consisting of telephone cables, submarine cables, and an array of television and mobile phone transmitters and towers (2022)" + }, "domestic": { "text": "landline, telefax, mobile cellular telephone system" }, diff --git a/europe/it.json b/europe/it.json index bfedcad1..fe3bf0b2 100644 --- a/europe/it.json +++ b/europe/it.json @@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ "text": "14% (male 4,243,735/female 4,493,581)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "22.08% (2020 est.) (male 5,949,560/female 7,831,076)" + "text": "22.08% (male 5,949,560/female 7,831,076) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1092,7 +1092,7 @@ }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "Italy’s large telecom market has one of the most progressive fiber sectors in Europe, with regulatory measures encouraging network sharing; regulatory measures have also been introduced to facilitate access to NGNs, and a number of deals have been brokered which enable the main telcoms to provide bundled services to large numbers of the population; Italy’s vibrant mobile market has one of the highest subscription rates in Europe, though the number of subscribers has fallen in recent years as customers respond to attractive off-net pricing which has reduced the financial benefit of having SIM cards from different providers; network companies were among the first in Europe to trial services based on 5G; the high cost also encouraged the regulator in early 2021 to consider extending the licenses by an additional six years (2021)" + "text": "Italy’s large telecom market has one of the most progressive fiber sectors in Europe, with regulatory measures encouraging network sharing; regulatory measures have also been introduced to facilitate access to next generation networks (NGNs), and a number of deals have been brokered which enable the main telcoms to provide bundled services to large numbers of the population; Italy’s vibrant mobile market has one of the highest subscription rates in Europe, though the number of subscribers has fallen in recent years as customers respond to attractive off-net pricing which has reduced the financial benefit of having SIM cards from different providers; network companies were among the first in Europe to trial services based on 5G; the high cost also encouraged the regulator in early 2021 to consider extending the licenses by an additional six years (2021)" }, "domestic": { "text": "high-capacity cable and microwave radio relay trunks; 32 per 100 for fixed-line and nearly 128 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2020)" @@ -1103,7 +1103,7 @@ "note": "note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services" }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "two Italian media giants dominate - the publicly owned Radiotelevisione Italiana (RAI) with 3 national terrestrial stations and privately owned Mediaset with 3 national terrestrial stations; a large number of private stations and Sky Italia - a satellite TV network; RAI operates 3 AM/FM nationwide radio stations; about 1,300 commercial radio stations" + "text": "two Italian media giants dominate with 3 national terrestrial stations and privately owned companies with 3 national terrestrial stations; a large number of private stations, a satellite TV network; 3 AM/FM nationwide radio stations; about 1,300 commercial radio stations" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".it" @@ -1291,7 +1291,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "3,000 (mid-year 2021)" }, - "note": "note: 666,559 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2022)" + "note": "note: 682,830 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-November 2022)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "important gateway for drug trafficking; organized crime groups allied with Colombian and Spanish groups trafficking cocaine to Europe" diff --git a/europe/je.json b/europe/je.json index 6c9b8f23..e0fabab7 100644 --- a/europe/je.json +++ b/europe/je.json @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ "text": "13.22% (male 6,515/female 6,844)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "17.05% (2020 est.) (male 7,324/female 9,906)" + "text": "17.05% (male 7,324/female 9,906) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -664,10 +664,10 @@ }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "good system with broadband access (2018)" + "text": "the telecommunication services comprise of Internet, telephone, broadcasting and postal services, which allow islanders to contact people and receive information; Internet connectivity to the rest of the world is provided by undersea cables linked to Guernsey, the UK and France; (2021)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "fixed-line 45 per 100 and mobile-cellular 115 per 100 subscriptions (2020)" + "text": "fixed-line 47 per 100 and mobile-cellular 120 per 100 subscriptions (2021)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 44; landing points for the INGRID, UK-Channel Islands-8, and Guernsey-Jersey-4, submarine cable connectivity to Guernsey, the UK, and France (2019)" diff --git a/europe/kv.json b/europe/kv.json index 4c5f6349..de4f9150 100644 --- a/europe/kv.json +++ b/europe/kv.json @@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ "text": "8.67% (male 85,840/female 81,782)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "7.75% (2020 est.) (male 63,943/female 85,940)" + "text": "7.75% (male 63,943/female 85,940) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1077,7 +1077,7 @@ "IDPs": { "text": "16,000 (primarily ethnic Serbs displaced during the 1998-1999 war fearing reprisals from the majority ethnic-Albanian population; a smaller number of ethnic Serbs, Roma, Ashkali, and Egyptians fled their homes in 2004 as a result of violence) (2021)" }, - "note": "note: 8,259 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2022)" + "note": "note: 8,372 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2022)" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/lg.json b/europe/lg.json index 1a38a3da..6576f6a7 100644 --- a/europe/lg.json +++ b/europe/lg.json @@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ "text": "14.77% (male 125,401/female 152,548)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "20.5% (2020 est.) (male 128,151/female 257,471)" + "text": "20.5% (male 128,151/female 257,471) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1262,7 +1262,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "40,442 (Ukraine) (as of 28 October 2022)" + "text": "35,621 (Ukraine) (as of 8 November 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "209,168 (mid-year 2021); note - individuals who were Latvian citizens prior to the 1940 Soviet occupation and their descendants were recognized as Latvian citizens when the country's independence was restored in 1991; citizens of the former Soviet Union residing in Latvia who have neither Latvian nor other citizenship are considered non-citizens (officially there is no statelessness in Latvia) and are entitled to non-citizen passports; children born after Latvian independence to stateless parents are entitled to Latvian citizenship upon their parents' request; non-citizens cannot vote or hold certain government jobs and are exempt from military service but can travel visa-free in the EU under the Schengen accord like Latvian citizens; non-citizens can obtain naturalization if they have been permanent residents of Latvia for at least five years, pass tests in Latvian language and history, and know the words of the Latvian national anthem" diff --git a/europe/lh.json b/europe/lh.json index 5909f4be..707deddc 100644 --- a/europe/lh.json +++ b/europe/lh.json @@ -119,14 +119,14 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Lithuanian (official) 85.3%, Russian 6.8%, Polish 5.1%, other 1.1%, two mother tongues 1.7%% (2021 est.)" + "text": "Lithuanian (official) 85.3%, Russian 6.8%, Polish 5.1%, other 1.1%, two mother tongues 1.7% (2021 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
Pasaulio enciklopedija – naudingas bendrosios informacijos šaltinis. (Lithuanian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." } }, "Religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 74.2%, Russian Orthodox 3.7%, Old Believer 0.6%, Evangelical Lutheran 0.6%, Evangelical Reformist 0.2%, other (including Sunni Muslim Jewish, Greek Catholic, and Karaite) 0.9%, none 6.1%, unspecified 13.7% (2021 est.)" + "text": "Roman Catholic 74.2%, Russian Orthodox 3.7%, Old Believer 0.6%, Evangelical Lutheran 0.6%, Evangelical Reformist 0.2%, other (including Sunni Muslim, Jewish, Greek Catholic, and Karaite) 0.9%, none 6.1%, unspecified 13.7% (2021 est.)" }, "Age structure": { "0-14 years": { @@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ "text": "15.1% (male 183,854/female 228,585)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "20.45% (2020 est.) (male 190,025/female 368,558)" + "text": "20.45% (male 190,025/female 368,558) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1275,7 +1275,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "69,317 (Ukraine) (as of 27 October 2022)" + "text": "69,522 (Ukraine) (as of 8 November 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "2,721 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/lo.json b/europe/lo.json index 093a5e13..87c720ac 100644 --- a/europe/lo.json +++ b/europe/lo.json @@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ "text": "13.15% (male 342,124/female 373,452)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "17.05% (2020 est.) (male 366,267/female 561,120)" + "text": "17.05% (male 366,267/female 561,120) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1235,7 +1235,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "99,393 (Ukraine) (as of 1 November 2022)" + "text": "100,041 (Ukraine) (as of 8 November 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "1,532 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/ls.json b/europe/ls.json index 3ae794c8..fb27d14b 100644 --- a/europe/ls.json +++ b/europe/ls.json @@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ "text": "14.41% (male 2,711/female 2,930)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "18.88% (2020 est.) (male 3,403/female 3,986)" + "text": "18.88% (male 3,403/female 3,986) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/europe/lu.json b/europe/lu.json index 5149ac90..b9d20df6 100644 --- a/europe/lu.json +++ b/europe/lu.json @@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ "text": "12.19% (male 39,289/female 37,337)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "15.37% (2020 est.) (male 43,595/female 52,984)" + "text": "15.37% (male 43,595/female 52,984) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/europe/md.json b/europe/md.json index acf5dd0d..9dd87dce 100644 --- a/europe/md.json +++ b/europe/md.json @@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ "text": "13.26% (male 205,693/female 240,555)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "14.03% (2020 est.) (male 186,949/female 285,058)" + "text": "14.03% (male 186,949/female 285,058) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1232,7 +1232,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "95,473 (Ukraine) (as of 1 November 2022)" + "text": "95,928 (Ukraine) (as of 8 November 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "3,372 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/mj.json b/europe/mj.json index fa631913..488943b9 100644 --- a/europe/mj.json +++ b/europe/mj.json @@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ "text": "13.41% (male 40,099/female 41,670)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "16.02% (2020 est.) (male 42,345/female 55,351)" + "text": "16.02% (male 42,345/female 55,351) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1274,7 +1274,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "458 (mid-year 2021)" }, - "note": "note: 27,078 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2022)" + "note": "note: 27,811 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-November 2022)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "

drug trafficking groups are major players in the procurement and transportation of large quantities of cocaine  destined for  European markets

" diff --git a/europe/mk.json b/europe/mk.json index 87cd1335..fdfc938a 100644 --- a/europe/mk.json +++ b/europe/mk.json @@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ "text": "12.55% (male 131,380/female 135,407)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "14.17% (2020 est.) (male 131,674/female 169,609)" + "text": "14.17% (male 131,674/female 169,609) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1203,7 +1203,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "6,200 (Ukraine) (as of 1 November 2022)" + "text": "6,265 (Ukraine) (as of 8 November 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "553 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/mn.json b/europe/mn.json index ae02a0fb..de49e55d 100644 --- a/europe/mn.json +++ b/europe/mn.json @@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ "text": "15.47% (male 2,370/female 2,417)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "35.15% (2020 est.) (male 4,817/female 6,057)" + "text": "35.15% (male 4,817/female 6,057) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/europe/mt.json b/europe/mt.json index 39099ef8..d0250bff 100644 --- a/europe/mt.json +++ b/europe/mt.json @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ "text": "12.88% (male 29,533/female 29,353)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "21.3% (2020 est.) (male 44,644/female 52,775)" + "text": "21.3% (male 44,644/female 52,775) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/europe/nl.json b/europe/nl.json index e5382c99..81d8a58c 100644 --- a/europe/nl.json +++ b/europe/nl.json @@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ "text": "13.69% (male 1,177,657/female 1,188,613)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "19.82% (2020 est.) (male 1,558,241/female 1,866,380)" + "text": "19.82% (male 1,558,241/female 1,866,380) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1092,7 +1092,7 @@ }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "telecom infrastructure in the Netherlands continues to be upgraded as modernization schemes undertaken by telcos make steady progress; other fiber providers have been supported by regulatory measures which have encouraged municipal governments to intervene with telcos’ fiber builds, facilitating open access networks in a bid to make rollouts cheaper, and completed sooner; while the MNOs are also closing down their GSM and 3G networks and repurposing their spectrum and physical assets for LTE and 5G, the regulator has also encouraged GSM/3G roaming in the interim, thus safeguarding services such as M2M and other low data-use applications while individual MNOs disable their own GSM/3G networks; the country has one of the highest fixed broadband penetration rates in the world, with effective cross-platform competition between DSL, HFC, and fiber networks; in the third quarter of 2020 the number of cable broadband connections fell for the first time, while the DSL segment has long been eclipsed by fiber; by the end of 2021, over a quarter of fixed broadband connections were on fiber infrastructure, while DSL accounted for only about 29%; almost 49% of fixed connections provided data above 100Mb/s, while an additional 43.7% provided data of at least 30Mb/s (2022)" + "text": "telecom infrastructure in the Netherlands continues to be upgraded as modernization schemes undertaken by telcos make steady progress; other fiber providers have been supported by regulatory measures which have encouraged municipal governments to intervene with telcos’ fiber builds, facilitating open access networks in a bid to make rollouts cheaper, and completed sooner; while the Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) are also closing down their Global System for Mobile Communication (MSM) and 3G networks and repurposing their spectrum and physical assets for LTE and 5G, the regulator has also encouraged GSM/3G roaming in the interim, thus safeguarding services such as machine to machine and other low data-use applications while individual MNOs disable their own GSM/3G networks; the country has one of the highest fixed broadband penetration rates in the world, with effective cross-platform competition between Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), Hybrid Fiber Coazial (HFC), and fiber networks; in the third quarter of 2020 the number of cable broadband connections fell for the first time, while the DSL segment has long been eclipsed by fiber; by the end of 2021, over a quarter of fixed broadband connections were on fiber infrastructure, while DSL accounted for only about 29%; almost 49% of fixed connections provided data above 100Mb/s, while an additional 43.7% provided data of at least 30Mb/s (2022)" }, "domestic": { "text": "extensive fixed-line, fiber-optic network; large cellular telephone system with five major operators utilizing the third generation of the Global System for Mobile Communications technology; one in five households now use Voice over the Internet Protocol services; fixed-line nearly 29 per 100 and mobile-cellular at 125 per 100 persons (2020)" diff --git a/europe/no.json b/europe/no.json index ba85e15f..ebda6206 100644 --- a/europe/no.json +++ b/europe/no.json @@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ "text": "11.84% (male 328,865/female 318,398)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "17.43% (2020 est.) (male 442,232/female 510,594)" + "text": "17.43% (male 442,232/female 510,594) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1244,7 +1244,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "15,542 (Syria), 11,965 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2021); 30,989 (Ukraine) (as of 28 October 2022)" + "text": "15,542 (Syria), 11,965 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2021); 31,798 (Ukraine) (as of 8 November 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "4,154 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/pl.json b/europe/pl.json index 978d4610..fc5115de 100644 --- a/europe/pl.json +++ b/europe/pl.json @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ "text": "13.32% (male 2,424,638/female 2,675,351)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "18.72% (2020 est.) (male 2,867,315/female 4,299,341)" + "text": "18.72% (male 2,867,315/female 4,299,341) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1315,7 +1315,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "9,870 (Russia) (2019); 1,469,032 (Ukraine) (as of 1 November 2022)" + "text": "9,870 (Russia) (2019); 1,489,155 (Ukraine) (as of 8 November 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "1,389 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/po.json b/europe/po.json index aa10d319..5ae6a674 100644 --- a/europe/po.json +++ b/europe/po.json @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ "text": "13.08% (male 615,925/female 731,334)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "20.92% (2020 est.) (male 860,198/female 1,294,899)" + "text": "20.92% (male 860,198/female 1,294,899) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1082,7 +1082,7 @@ }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "Portugal has a medium-sized telecom market with a strong mobile sector and a growing broadband customer base; before the pandemic, the country had seen improving economic growth, following several years of austerity measures; revenue among some operators remains under pressure, though investments in network upgrades are continuing in an effort to attract customers to high-end services; Portugal’s broadband services have grown steadily in recent years, largely the result of joint efforts between the regulator and the key market operators which have invested in significant infrastructure upgrades; these operators are focused on fiber-based services, resulting in a migration of subscribers from DSL infrastructure; the government has also supported open-access wholesale networks; the MVNO market remains largely undeveloped, partly because network operators have their own low-cost brands; collectively, MVNOs have about 2.9% share of the market; population coverage by 3G infrastructure is universal, and most investment in the sector is being directed to LTE and 5G technologies; the MNOs have trialed 5G and are looking to launch commercial services (2021)" + "text": "Portugal has a medium-sized telecom market with a strong mobile sector and a growing broadband customer base; before the pandemic, the country had seen improving economic growth, following several years of austerity measures; revenue among some operators remains under pressure, though investments in network upgrades are continuing in an effort to attract customers to high-end services; Portugal’s broadband services have grown steadily in recent years, largely the result of joint efforts between the regulator and the key market operators which have invested in significant infrastructure upgrades; these operators are focused on fiber-based services, resulting in a migration of subscribers from digital subscriber line DSL infrastructure; the government has also supported open-access wholesale networks; the mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) market remains largely undeveloped, partly because network operators have their own low-cost brands; collectively, MVNOs have about 2.9% share of the market; population coverage by 3G infrastructure is universal, and most investment in the sector is being directed to LTE and 5G technologies; the MNOs have trialed 5G and are looking to launch commercial services (2021)" }, "domestic": { "text": "integrated network of coaxial cables, open-wire, microwave radio relay, and domestic satellite earth stations; fixed-line roughly 51 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular 116 per 100 persons (2020)" @@ -1093,7 +1093,7 @@ "note": "note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services" }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "Radio e Televisao de Portugal (RTP), the publicly owned TV broadcaster, operates 4 domestic channels and external service channels to Africa; overall, roughly 40 domestic TV stations; viewers have widespread access to international broadcasters with more than half of all households connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV systems; publicly owned radio operates 3 national networks and provides regional and external services; several privately owned national radio stations and some 300 regional and local commercial radio stations" + "text": "Radio e Televisao de Portugal, the publicly owned TV broadcaster, operates 4 domestic channels and external service channels to Africa; overall, roughly 40 domestic TV stations; viewers have widespread access to international broadcasters with more than half of all households connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV systems; publicly owned radio operates 3 national networks and provides regional and external services; several privately owned national radio stations and some 300 regional and local commercial radio stations" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".pt" diff --git a/europe/ri.json b/europe/ri.json index be1df076..05351807 100644 --- a/europe/ri.json +++ b/europe/ri.json @@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ "text": "13.7% (male 464,881/female 495,663)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "20% (2020 est.) (male 585,705/female 816,685)" + "text": "20% (male 585,705/female 816,685) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1275,7 +1275,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "17,336 (Croatia), 7,997 (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (mid-year 2021); 21,706 (Ukraine) (includes Ukrainian refugees in Kosovo; as of 1 November 2022)" + "text": "17,336 (Croatia), 7,997 (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (mid-year 2021); 22,019 (Ukraine) (includes Ukrainian refugees in Kosovo; as of 8 November 2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "196,995 (most are Kosovar Serbs, some are Roma, Ashkalis, and Egyptian (RAE); some RAE IDPs are unregistered) (2021)" @@ -1283,7 +1283,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "2,113 (includes stateless persons in Kosovo) (mid-year 2021)" }, - "note": "note: 906,323 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2022); Serbia is predominantly a transit country and hosts an estimated 6,313 migrants and asylum seekers as of June 2022" + "note": "note: 915,658 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-November 2022); Serbia is predominantly a transit country and hosts an estimated 6,313 migrants and asylum seekers as of June 2022" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "

drug trafficking groups are major players in the procurement and transportation of large quantities of cocaine destined for European markets

" diff --git a/europe/ro.json b/europe/ro.json index 1b964f18..90a0a152 100644 --- a/europe/ro.json +++ b/europe/ro.json @@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ "text": "11.73% (male 1,176,814/female 1,322,048)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "17.58% (2020 est.) (male 1,516,472/female 2,228,555)" + "text": "17.58% (male 1,516,472/female 2,228,555) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1278,12 +1278,12 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "87,853 (Ukraine) (as of 30 October 2022)" + "text": "88,831 (Ukraine) (as of 6 November 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "314 (mid-year 2021)" }, - "note": "note: 11,627 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2022)" + "note": "note: 11,847 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-November 2022)" }, "Trafficking in persons": { "current situation": { diff --git a/europe/si.json b/europe/si.json index a2c03726..22927629 100644 --- a/europe/si.json +++ b/europe/si.json @@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ "text": "14.19% (male 148,785/female 149,635)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "21.23% (2020 est.) (male 192,420/female 253,896)" + "text": "21.23% (male 192,420/female 253,896) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -566,10 +566,10 @@ "text": "Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, elected by the National Assembly" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second consecutive term); election last held on 22 October with a runoff on 12 November 2017 (next election to be held on 23 October 2022); following National Assembly elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually nominated prime minister by the president and elected by the National Assembly" + "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second consecutive term); election last held on 23 October with a runoff on 13 November 2022 (next election to be held in 2027); following National Assembly elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually nominated prime minister by the president and elected by the National Assembly" }, "election results": { - "text": "
2017: Borut PAHOR is reelected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Borut PAHOR (independent) 47.1%, Marjan SAREC (Marjan Sarec List) 25%, Romana TOMC (SDS) 13.7%, Ljudmila NOVAK (NSi) 7.2%, other 7%; percent of vote in second round - Borut PAHOR 52.9%, Marjan SAREC 47.1%; Robert GOLOB (GS) elected prime minister on 25 May 2022, National Assembly vote - 54-30

2012: Borut PAHOR elected president; percent of vote in second round - Borut PAHOR (SD) 67.4%, Danilo TURK (independent) 32.6%; note - a snap election was held on 13 July 2014 following the resignation of Prime Minister Alenka BRATUSEK on 5 May 2014; Miro CERAR (SMC) elected prime minister; National Assembly vote - 57 to 11" + "text": "2022: Natasa PIRC MUSAR elected in second round: percent of vote in first round - Natasa PIRC MUSAR (independent) 26.9%, Anze LOGAR (SDS) 34%, Milan BRGLEZ (SD) 15.5%, Vladimir PREBILIC (independent) 10.6%, Sabina SENCAR (Resni.ca) 5.9%, Janez CIGLER KRALJ (NSi) 4.4%, Miha KORDIS (The Left) 2.8%; percent of vote in second round - Natasa PIRC MUSAR 53.9%, Anze LOGAR 46.1%

2017: Borut PAHOR is reelected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Borut PAHOR (independent) 47.1%, Marjan SAREC (Marjan Sarec List) 25%, Romana TOMC (SDS) 13.7%, Ljudmila NOVAK (NSi) 7.2%, other 7%; percent of vote in second round - Borut PAHOR 52.9%, Marjan SAREC 47.1%; Robert GOLOB (GS) elected prime minister on 25 May 2022, National Assembly vote - 54-30

2012: Borut PAHOR elected president; percent of vote in second round - Borut PAHOR (SD) 67.4%, Danilo TURK (independent) 32.6%; note - a snap election was held on 13 July 2014 following the resignation of Prime Minister Alenka BRATUSEK on 5 May 2014; Miro CERAR (SMC) elected prime minister; National Assembly vote - 57 to 11" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia or DeSUS [Ljubo JASNIC]
Freedom Movement or GS [Robert GOLOB] (formerly Greens Actions Party or Z.DEJ)
List of Marjan Sarec or LMS [Marjan SAREC]
New Slovenia - Christian Democrats or NSi [Matej TONIN]
Party of Alenka Bratusek or SAB [Alenka BRATUSEK] (formerly Alliance of Social Liberal Democrats or ZSD and before that Alliance of Alenka Bratusek or ZaAB)
Slovenian Democratic Party or SDS [Janez JANSA] (formerly the Social Democratic Party of Slovenia or SDSS)
Slovenian National Party or SNS [Zmago JELINCIC Plemeniti]
Social Democrats or SD [Tanja FAJON]
The Left or Levica [Luka MESEC] (successor to United Left or ZL)" + "text": "Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia or DeSUS [Ljubo JASNIC]
Freedom Movement or GS [Robert GOLOB] (formerly Greens Actions Party or Z.DEJ)
List of Marjan Sarec or LMS [Marjan SAREC]
New Slovenia - Christian Democrats or NSi [Matej TONIN]
Party of Alenka Bratusek or SAB [Alenka BRATUSEK] (formerly Alliance of Social Liberal Democrats or ZSD and before that Alliance of Alenka Bratusek or ZaAB)
Resni.ca [Zoran STEVANOVICH]
Slovenian Democratic Party or SDS [Janez JANSA] (formerly the Social Democratic Party of Slovenia or SDSS)
Slovenian National Party or SNS [Zmago JELINCIC Plemeniti]
Social Democrats or SD [Tanja FAJON]
The Left or Levica [Luka MESEC] (successor to United Left or ZL)" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" @@ -1238,7 +1238,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "8,404 (Ukraine) (as of 1 November 2022)" + "text": "8,439 (Ukraine) (as of 8 November 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "10 (2020)" diff --git a/europe/sm.json b/europe/sm.json index b89953c2..aec1fb3f 100644 --- a/europe/sm.json +++ b/europe/sm.json @@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ "text": "14.28% (male 2,367/female 2,520)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "20.24% (2020 est.) (male 3,123/female 3,805)" + "text": "20.24% (male 3,123/female 3,805) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/europe/sp.json b/europe/sp.json index 4e40d515..e453a6b8 100644 --- a/europe/sp.json +++ b/europe/sp.json @@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ "text": "12.99% (male 3,177,080/female 3,319,823)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "18.49% (2020 est.) (male 3,970,417/female 5,276,984)" + "text": "18.49% (male 3,970,417/female 5,276,984) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1106,13 +1106,13 @@ }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "Spain’s telecom sector has tracked the performance of the overall economy, which has been one of the most heavily impacted by the pandemic in all Europe; GDP dropped by 10.8% in 2020, while telecom revenue reversed the previous five years’ positive results by falling 5.3%; fixed-line services were the hardest hit, with revenue falling 13.7%; mobile voice services did not fare much better, falling 4.7%; this is despite relatively small shifts in the number of subscribers, though the harsh lock down conditions resulted in a significant drop in usage; it had appeared that a return to growth might be possible in 2021 following the lifting of the state of emergency in May, but the most recent surge in cases and the continued restrictions on travel may once again put the brakes on growth until at least 2022; Spain’s fixed-line broadband market managed to extend its decade-long pattern of steady growth into 2020, with a slight increase in demand caused by the need for fast internet access to support working and learning from home; while most of Spain’s larger telcos delivered negative revenue and profit in 2020 (2021)" + "text": "Spain’s telecom sector has tracked the performance of the overall economy, which has been one of the most heavily impacted by the pandemic in all of Europe; GDP dropped by 10.8% in 2020, while telecom revenue reversed the previous five years’ positive results by falling 5.3%; fixed-line services were the hardest hit, with revenue falling 13.7%; mobile voice services did not fare much better, falling 4.7%; this is despite relatively small shifts in the number of subscribers, though the harsh lockdown conditions resulted in a significant drop in usage; it had appeared that a return to growth might be possible in 2021 following lifting the state of emergency in May, but the most recent surge in cases and the continued restrictions on travel may once again put the brakes on growth until at least 2022; Spain’s fixed-line broadband market managed to extend its decade-long pattern of steady growth into 2020, with a slight increase in demand caused by the need for fast internet access to support working and learning from home; while most of Spain’s larger telcos delivered negative revenue and profit in 2020 (2021)" }, "domestic": { "text": "fixed-line nearly 42 per 100 and mobile-cellular 119 telephones per 100 persons (2020)" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 34; landing points for the MAREA, Tata TGN-Western Europe, Pencan-9, SAT-3/WASC, Canalink, Atlantis-2, Columbus -111, Estepona-Tetouan, FEA, Balalink, ORVAL and PENBAL-5 submarine cables providing connectivity to Europe, the Middle East, Africa, South America, Asia, Southeast Asia and the US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to adjacent countries (2019)" + "text": "country code - 34; landing points for the MAREA, Tata TGN-Western Europe, Pencan-9, SAT-3/WASC, Canalink, Atlantis-2, Columbus -111, Estepona-Tetouan, FLAG Europe-Asia (FEA), Balalink, ORVAL and PENBAL-5 submarine cables providing connectivity to Europe, the Middle East, Africa, South America, Asia, Southeast Asia and the US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to adjacent countries (2019)" }, "note": "note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services" }, @@ -1301,12 +1301,12 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "14,823 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 418,200 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum, are recognized as refugees, or have received alternative legal stay) (2021); 150,460 (Ukraine) (as of 31 October 2022)" + "text": "14,823 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 418,200 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum, are recognized as refugees, or have received alternative legal stay) (2021); 151,786 (Ukraine) (as of 7 November 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "692 (mid-year 2021)" }, - "note": "note: 274,687 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals, including Canary Islands (January 2015-October 2022)" + "note": "note: 276,667 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals, including Canary Islands (January 2015-November 2022)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "primary transit point in Europe for cocaine from South America and for hashish from Morocco; cocaine is shipped in raw or liquid form with mixed cargo to avoid detection; traffickers ship methamphetamine via express mail; increasing number of indoor cannabis production; illegal labs cutting, mixing, and reconstituting cocaine, and heroin and methamphetamine labs; synthetic drugs, including ketamine and MDMA (ecstasy) transit from Spain to the United States" diff --git a/europe/sw.json b/europe/sw.json index 39a0533f..3b507a26 100644 --- a/europe/sw.json +++ b/europe/sw.json @@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ "text": "11.9% (male 610,521/female 603,795)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "20.59% (2020 est.) (male 974,410/female 1,126,142)" + "text": "20.59% (male 974,410/female 1,126,142) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1261,7 +1261,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "114,995 (Syria), 28,744 (Afghanistan), 26,911 (Eritrea), 11,574 (Somalia), 11,153 (Iraq), 7,516 (Iran) (2020); 47,690 (Ukraine) (as of 28 October 2022)" + "text": "114,995 (Syria), 28,744 (Afghanistan), 26,911 (Eritrea), 11,574 (Somalia), 11,153 (Iraq), 7,516 (Iran) (2020); 48,087 (Ukraine) (as of 8 November 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "50,098 (mid-year 2021); note - the majority of stateless people are from the Middle East and Somalia" diff --git a/europe/sz.json b/europe/sz.json index 3ca4a0df..b36dda98 100644 --- a/europe/sz.json +++ b/europe/sz.json @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ "text": "13.48% (male 569,717/female 563,482)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "18.73% (2020 est.) (male 699,750/female 874,448)" + "text": "18.73% (male 699,750/female 874,448) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1272,7 +1272,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "38,219 (Eritrea), 20,043 (Syria), 14,649 (Afghanistan), 6,069 (Sri Lanka), 6,197 (Turkey) (mid-year 2021); 68,086 (Ukraine) (as of 30 October 2022)" + "text": "38,219 (Eritrea), 20,043 (Syria), 14,649 (Afghanistan), 6,069 (Sri Lanka), 6,197 (Turkey) (mid-year 2021); 68,620 (Ukraine) (as of 8 November 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "684 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/uk.json b/europe/uk.json index e5bbdef5..95a1d5c5 100644 --- a/europe/uk.json +++ b/europe/uk.json @@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ "text": "12.73% (male 4,139,378/female 4,234,701)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "18.48% (2020 est.) (male 5,470,116/female 6,681,311)" + "text": "18.48% (male 5,470,116/female 6,681,311) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1293,7 +1293,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "21,011 (Iran), 14,503 (Eritrea), 11,251 (Sudan), 11,412 (Syria), 9,469 (Afghanistan), 8,357 (Pakistan), 6,933 (Iraq), 5,200 (Sri Lanka) (2020); 138,400 (Ukraine) (as of 18 October 2022)" + "text": "21,011 (Iran), 14,503 (Eritrea), 11,251 (Sudan), 11,412 (Syria), 9,469 (Afghanistan), 8,357 (Pakistan), 6,933 (Iraq), 5,200 (Sri Lanka) (2020); 143,100 (Ukraine) (as of 8 November 2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "3,968 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/up.json b/europe/up.json index 7c49459d..b31ece6c 100644 --- a/europe/up.json +++ b/europe/up.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

Ukraine was the center of the first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in Europe. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was absorbed by the Russian Empire. Following the collapse of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine achieved a short-lived period of independence (1917-20), but was reconquered and endured a brutal Soviet rule that engineered two forced famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died. In World War II, German and Soviet armies were responsible for 7 to 8 million more deaths. Although Ukraine achieved independence in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR, democracy and prosperity remained elusive as the legacy of state control and endemic corruption stalled efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties.

A peaceful mass protest referred to as the \"Orange Revolution\" in the closing months of 2004 forced the authorities to overturn a rigged presidential election and to allow a new internationally monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. Subsequent internal squabbles in the YUSHCHENKO camp allowed his rival Viktor YANUKOVYCH to stage a comeback in parliamentary (Rada) elections, become prime minister in August 2006, and be elected president in February 2010. In October 2012, Ukraine held Rada elections, widely criticized by Western observers as flawed due to use of government resources to favor ruling party candidates, interference with media access, and harassment of opposition candidates. President YANUKOVYCH's backtracking on a trade and cooperation agreement with the EU in November 2013 - in favor of closer economic ties with Russia - and subsequent use of force against students, civil society activists, and other civilians in favor of the agreement led to a three-month protest occupation of Kyiv's central square. The government's use of violence to break up the protest camp in February 2014 led to all out pitched battles, scores of deaths, international condemnation, a failed political deal, and the president's abrupt departure for Russia. New elections in the spring allowed pro-West president Petro POROSHENKO to assume office in June 2014; he was succeeded by Volodymyr ZELENSKY in May 2019.

Shortly after YANUKOVYCH's departure in late February 2014, Russian President PUTIN ordered the invasion of Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula falsely claiming the action was to protect ethnic Russians living there. Two weeks later, a \"referendum\" was held regarding the integration of Crimea into the Russian Federation. The \"referendum\" was condemned as illegitimate by the Ukrainian Government, the EU, the US, and the UN General Assembly (UNGA). In response to Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea, 100 members of the UN passed UNGA resolution 68/262, rejecting the \"referendum\" as baseless and invalid and confirming the sovereignty, political independence, unity, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. In mid-2014, Russia began supplying proxies in two of Ukraine's eastern provinces with manpower, funding, and materiel driving an armed conflict with the Ukrainian Government that continues to this day. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, and the unrecognized Russian proxy republics signed the Minsk Protocol and Memorandum in September 2014 to end the conflict. However, this agreement failed to stop the fighting or find a political solution. In a renewed attempt to alleviate ongoing clashes, leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, and Germany negotiated a follow-on Package of Measures in February 2015 to implement the Minsk agreements. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, the unrecognized Russian proxy republics, and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe also meet regularly to facilitate implementation of the peace deal. By early 2022, more than 14,000 civilians were killed or wounded as a result of the Russian intervention in eastern Ukraine.

On 24 February 2022, Russia escalated its conflict with Ukraine by invading the country on several fronts in what has become the largest conventional military attack on a sovereign state in Europe since World War II. The invasion has received near universal international condemnation, and many countries have imposed sanctions on Russia and also supplied humanitarian and military aid to Ukraine. The invasion has also created Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. As of 1 November, approximately 14.85 million people had fled Ukraine, and 6.24 million people were internally displaced as of 26 September.  Nearly 16,300 civilian casualties had been reported, as of 30 October. The invasion of Ukraine remains one of the two largest displacement crises worldwide (the other is the conflict in Syria).

 

" + "text": "

Ukraine was the center of the first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in Europe. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was absorbed by the Russian Empire. Following the collapse of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine achieved a short-lived period of independence (1917-20), but was reconquered and endured a brutal Soviet rule that engineered two forced famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died. In World War II, German and Soviet armies were responsible for 7 to 8 million more deaths. Although Ukraine achieved independence in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR, democracy and prosperity remained elusive as the legacy of state control and endemic corruption stalled efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties.

A peaceful mass protest referred to as the \"Orange Revolution\" in the closing months of 2004 forced the authorities to overturn a rigged presidential election and to allow a new internationally monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. Subsequent internal squabbles in the YUSHCHENKO camp allowed his rival Viktor YANUKOVYCH to stage a comeback in parliamentary (Rada) elections, become prime minister in August 2006, and be elected president in February 2010. In October 2012, Ukraine held Rada elections, widely criticized by Western observers as flawed due to use of government resources to favor ruling party candidates, interference with media access, and harassment of opposition candidates. President YANUKOVYCH's backtracking on a trade and cooperation agreement with the EU in November 2013 - in favor of closer economic ties with Russia - and subsequent use of force against students, civil society activists, and other civilians in favor of the agreement led to a three-month protest occupation of Kyiv's central square. The government's use of violence to break up the protest camp in February 2014 led to all out pitched battles, scores of deaths, international condemnation, a failed political deal, and the president's abrupt departure for Russia. New elections in the spring allowed pro-West president Petro POROSHENKO to assume office in June 2014; he was succeeded by Volodymyr ZELENSKY in May 2019.

Shortly after YANUKOVYCH's departure in late February 2014, Russian President PUTIN ordered the invasion of Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula falsely claiming the action was to protect ethnic Russians living there. Two weeks later, a \"referendum\" was held regarding the integration of Crimea into the Russian Federation. The \"referendum\" was condemned as illegitimate by the Ukrainian Government, the EU, the US, and the UN General Assembly (UNGA). In response to Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea, 100 members of the UN passed UNGA resolution 68/262, rejecting the \"referendum\" as baseless and invalid and confirming the sovereignty, political independence, unity, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. In mid-2014, Russia began supplying proxies in two of Ukraine's eastern provinces with manpower, funding, and materiel driving an armed conflict with the Ukrainian Government that continues to this day. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, and the unrecognized Russian proxy republics signed the Minsk Protocol and Memorandum in September 2014 to end the conflict. However, this agreement failed to stop the fighting or find a political solution. In a renewed attempt to alleviate ongoing clashes, leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, and Germany negotiated a follow-on Package of Measures in February 2015 to implement the Minsk agreements. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, the unrecognized Russian proxy republics, and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe also meet regularly to facilitate implementation of the peace deal. By early 2022, more than 14,000 civilians were killed or wounded as a result of the Russian intervention in eastern Ukraine.

On 24 February 2022, Russia escalated its conflict with Ukraine by invading the country on several fronts in what has become the largest conventional military attack on a sovereign state in Europe since World War II. The invasion has received near universal international condemnation, and many countries have imposed sanctions on Russia and also supplied humanitarian and military aid to Ukraine. The invasion has also created Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. As of 8 November, approximately 15.11 million people had fled Ukraine, and 6.54 million people were internally displaced as of 27 October.  More than 16,600 civilian casualties had been reported, as of 13 November. The invasion of Ukraine remains one of the two largest displacement crises worldwide (the other is the conflict in Syria).

 

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ "text": "13.87% (male 2,630,329/female 3,463,851)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "17.03% (2020 est.) (male 2,523,600/female 4,957,539)" + "text": "17.03% (male 2,523,600/female 4,957,539) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1295,7 +1295,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "IDPs": { - "text": "

1,461,700 (Russian-sponsored separatist violence in Crimea and eastern Ukraine) (2021); 6.24 million (Russian invasion), according to the UN (as of 26 September 2022); note – the more recent invasion total may reflect some double counting, since it is impossible to determine how many of the recent IDPs may also include IDPs from the earlier Russian-sponsored violence in Crimea and eastern Ukraine

" + "text": "

1,461,700 (Russian-sponsored separatist violence in Crimea and eastern Ukraine) (2021); 6.54 million (Russian invasion), according to the UN (as of 27 October 2022); note – the more recent invasion total may reflect some double counting, since it is impossible to determine how many of the recent IDPs may also include IDPs from the earlier Russian-sponsored violence in Crimea and eastern Ukraine

" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "35,875 (mid-year 2021); note - citizens of the former USSR who were permanently resident in Ukraine were granted citizenship upon Ukraine's independence in 1991, but some missed this window of opportunity; people arriving after 1991, Crimean Tatars, ethnic Koreans, people with expired Soviet passports, and people with no documents have difficulty acquiring Ukrainian citizenship; following the fall of the Soviet Union in 1989, thousands of Crimean Tatars and their descendants deported from Ukraine under the STALIN regime returned to their homeland, some being stateless and others holding the citizenship of Uzbekistan or other former Soviet republics; a 1998 bilateral agreement between Ukraine and Uzbekistan simplified the process of renouncing Uzbek citizenship and obtaining Ukrainian citizenship" diff --git a/middle-east/ae.json b/middle-east/ae.json index dfbff298..81a8e1a4 100644 --- a/middle-east/ae.json +++ b/middle-east/ae.json @@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ "text": "7.68% (male 658,892/female 108,850)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "1.9% (2020 est.) (male 146,221/female 43,138)" + "text": "1.9% (male 146,221/female 43,138) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/middle-east/aj.json b/middle-east/aj.json index f4589f20..96bbb4eb 100644 --- a/middle-east/aj.json +++ b/middle-east/aj.json @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ "text": "11.41% (male 530,046/female 634,136)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "7.29% (2020 est.) (male 289,604/female 454,769)" + "text": "7.29% (male 289,604/female 454,769) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1081,7 +1081,7 @@ }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "in spite of the telecom sector being one of the major contributors to Azerbaijan’s non-oil GDP, overall development, growth, and investment in the sector has been held back by years of political and civil unrest coupled with endemic corruption; mobile penetration rates reached 100% as far back as 2011, but have largely stagnated since then; the MNOs are slowly extending the reach of their LTE networks around the country, and this increased coverage (along with access to faster data-based services) is expected to produce a moderate resurgence for both mobile and mobile broadband over the next few years as customers migrate from 3G to 4G. 5G services are still some ways off, as the demand for high-speed data and fast broadband can easily be met by existing capacity on LTE networks; fixed-line teledensity continues to drop down each year as customers consolidate their telecommunications services around the mobile platform; the rate of decline is comparatively slow to other countries, since Azerbaijan has a relatively high proportion of (87%) of fixed-line broadband customers still on DSL; fiber is gradually being rolled out in urban areas, and this makes up the bulk of the growth being seen in the overall fixed broadband market; DSL’s predominance, however, will serve to keep Azerbaijan’s average access speeds in the sub-10Mbps range for the foreseeable future (2020)" + "text": "in spite of the telecom sector being one of the major contributors to Azerbaijan’s non-oil GDP, overall development, growth, and investment in the sector has been held back by years of political and civil unrest coupled with endemic corruption; mobile penetration rates reached 100% as far back as 2011 but have largely stagnated since then; the Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) are slowly extending the reach of their LTE networks around the country, and this increased coverage (along with access to faster data-based services) is expected to produce a moderate resurgence for both mobile and mobile broadband over the next few years as customers migrate from 3G to 4G. 5G services are still some ways off, as the demand for high-speed data and fast broadband can easily be met by existing capacity on LTE networks; fixed-line teledensity continues to drop down each year as customers consolidate their telecommunications services around the mobile platform; the rate of decline is comparatively slower than other countries, since Azerbaijan has a relatively high proportion of (87%) of fixed-line broadband customers still on DSL; fiber is gradually being rolled out in urban areas, and this makes up the bulk of the growth being seen in the overall fixed broadband market; DSL’s predominance, however, will serve to keep Azerbaijan’s average access speeds in the sub-10Mbps range for the foreseeable future (2020)" }, "domestic": { "text": "teledensity of some 16 fixed-lines per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity of 102 telephones per 100 persons; satellite service connects Baku to a modern switch in its exclave of Naxcivan (Nakhchivan) (2020)" diff --git a/middle-east/am.json b/middle-east/am.json index 2fd80745..673cd5ca 100644 --- a/middle-east/am.json +++ b/middle-east/am.json @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ "text": "Armenian Apostolic 92.6%, Evangelical 1%, other 2.4%, none 1.1%, unspecified 2.9% (2011 est.)" }, "Demographic profile": { - "text": "

Armenia’s population peaked at nearly 3.7 million in the late 1980s, but has declined sharply since independence in 1991, to just over 3 million in 2021, largely as a result of its decreasing fertility rate, increasing death rate, and negative net emigration rate.  The total fertility rate (the average number of children born per woman) first fell below the 2.1 replacement level in the late 1990s and has hovered around 1.6-1.65 for over 15 years.  In an effort to increase the country’s birth rate, the government has expanded its child benefits, including a substantial increase in the lump sum payment for having a first and second child and a boost in the monthly payment to mothers of children under two.  Reversing net negative migration, however, remains the biggest obstacle to stabilizing or increasing population growth.  Emigration causes Armenia not only lose individuals but also the children they might have. 

The emigration of a significant number of working-age people combined with the decreased fertility and increased life expectancy is causing the elderly share of Armenia’s population to grow.  The growing elderly population will put increasing pressure on the government’s ability to fund the pension system, health care, and other services for seniors.  Improving education, creating more jobs (particularly in the formal sector), promoting labor market participation, and increasing productivity would mitigate the financial impact of supporting a growing elderly population.

Armenia has a long history of migration, some forced and some voluntary.  Its large diaspora is diverse and dispersed around the world.  Widely varying estimates suggest the Armenian diaspora may number anywhere from 5-9 million, easily outnumbering the number of Armenians living in Armenia.  Armenians forged communities abroad from ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome to Russia and to the Americas, where they excelled as craftsmen, merchants, and in other occupations. 

Several waves of Armenian migration occurred in the 20th century.  In the aftermath of the 1915 Armenian genocide, hundreds of thousands of survivors fled to communities in the Caucasus (including present day Armenia), Lebanon, Syria, Iran, Europe, and Russia and established new communities in Africa and the Americas.  In the 1930s, the Soviets deported thousands of Armenians to Siberia and Central Asia.  After World War II, the Soviets encouraged the Armenian diaspora in France, the Middle East, and Iran to return the Armenian homeland in order to encourage population growth after significant losses in the male workforce during the war. 

Following Armenian independence in 1991, the economic downturn and high unemployment prompted hundreds of thousands of Armenians to seek better economic opportunities primarily in Russia but also in the US, former Soviet states, and Europe.  In the early 1990s, hundreds of thousands of Armenians fled from Azerbaijan to Armenia because of the ongoing Nagorno-Karbakh conflict, but many of them then emigrated again, mainly to Russia and the US.  When the economy became more stable in the late 1990s, permanent emigration slowed, but Armenians continued to seek temporary seasonal work in Russia.  The remittances families receive from relatives working abroad is a vital to Armenian households and the country’s economy." + "text": "

Armenia’s population peaked at nearly 3.7 million in the late 1980s but has declined sharply since independence in 1991, to just over 3 million in 2021, largely as a result of its decreasing fertility rate, increasing death rate, and negative net emigration rate.  The total fertility rate (the average number of children born per woman) first fell below the 2.1 replacement level in the late 1990s and has hovered around 1.6-1.65 for over 15 years.  In an effort to increase the country’s birth rate, the government has expanded its child benefits, including a substantial increase in the lump sum payment for having a first and second child and a boost in the monthly payment to mothers of children under two.  Reversing net negative migration, however, remains the biggest obstacle to stabilizing or increasing population growth.  Emigration causes Armenia not only lose individuals but also the children they might have. 

The emigration of a significant number of working-age people combined with decreased fertility and increased life expectancy is causing the elderly share of Armenia’s population to grow.  The growing elderly population will put increasing pressure on the government’s ability to fund the pension system, health care, and other services for seniors.  Improving education, creating more jobs (particularly in the formal sector), promoting labor market participation, and increasing productivity would mitigate the financial impact of supporting a growing elderly population.

Armenia has a long history of migration, some forced and some voluntary.  Its large diaspora is diverse and dispersed around the world.  Widely varying estimates suggest the Armenian diaspora may number anywhere from 5-9 million, easily outnumbering the number of Armenians living in Armenia.  Armenians forged communities abroad from ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome to Russia and to the Americas, where they excelled as craftsmen, merchants, and in other occupations. 

Several waves of Armenian migration occurred in the 20th century.  In the aftermath of the 1915 Armenian genocide, hundreds of thousands of survivors fled to communities in the Caucasus (including present day Armenia), Lebanon, Syria, Iran, Europe, and Russia and established new communities in Africa and the Americas.  In the 1930s, the Soviets deported thousands of Armenians to Siberia and Central Asia.  After World War II, the Soviets encouraged the Armenian diaspora in France, the Middle East, and Iran to return the Armenian homeland in order to encourage population growth after significant losses in the male workforce during the war. 

Following Armenian independence in 1991, the economic downturn and high unemployment prompted hundreds of thousands of Armenians to seek better economic opportunities primarily in Russia but also in the US, former Soviet states, and Europe.  In the early 1990s, hundreds of thousands of Armenians fled from Azerbaijan to Armenia because of the ongoing Nagorno-Karbakh conflict, but many of them then emigrated again, mainly to Russia and the US.  When the economy became more stable in the late 1990s, permanent emigration slowed, but Armenians continued to seek temporary seasonal work in Russia.  The remittances families receive from relatives working abroad is vital to Armenian households and the country’s economy." }, "Age structure": { "0-14 years": { @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ "text": "14.08% (male 195,754/female 229,580)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "12.6% (2020 est.) (male 154,117/female 226,607)" + "text": "12.6% (male 154,117/female 226,607) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/middle-east/ba.json b/middle-east/ba.json index 9a822a79..411dd56b 100644 --- a/middle-east/ba.json +++ b/middle-east/ba.json @@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ "text": "6.89% (male 64,761/female 38,870)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "3.36% (2020 est.) (male 25,799/female 24,807)" + "text": "3.36% (male 25,799/female 24,807) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/middle-east/gg.json b/middle-east/gg.json index f660eaed..6cb7e100 100644 --- a/middle-east/gg.json +++ b/middle-east/gg.json @@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ "text": "13.24% (male 288,650/female 364,117)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "16.85% (2020 est.) (male 326,219/female 504,444)" + "text": "16.85% (male 326,219/female 504,444) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1244,7 +1244,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "26,793 (Ukraine) (as of 11 October 2022)" + "text": "24,912 (Ukraine) (as of 1 November 2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "305,000 (displaced in the 1990s as a result of armed conflict in the breakaway republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia; displaced in 2008 by fighting between Georgia and Russia over South Ossetia) (2021)" diff --git a/middle-east/gz.json b/middle-east/gz.json index 2b53c297..4a05d785 100644 --- a/middle-east/gz.json +++ b/middle-east/gz.json @@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ "text": "3.66% (male 36,409/female 33,731)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "2.68% (2020 est.) (male 27,248/female 24,191)" + "text": "2.68% (male 27,248/female 24,191) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -734,10 +734,10 @@ }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "Israel has final say in allocating frequencies in the Gaza Strip and does not permit anything beyond a 2G network (2018)" + "text": "

Israel, which controls Palestinian frequencies and telecom infrastructure, limits mobile internet speeds in the Palestinian territories to levels that are significantly lower than in Israel and Jewish West Bank settlements; the World Bank urged Israel to let Palestinian cellular companies set up more advanced networks, and to ease restrictions on the import of equipment needed to build and operate them; Israel is rolling out fifth generation technology for its citizens, while the West Bank operates on 3G and Gaza, 2G; Israeli mobile operators don’t officially service Palestinian areas, but many Palestinians use the faster Israeli networks with SIM cards; the Times of Israel reported in November that Israel tentatively agreed to let Palestinian operators launch 4G services

(2022)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "Israeli company BEZEQ and the Palestinian company PALTEL are responsible for fixed-line services; the Palestinian JAWWAL company provides cellular services; a slow 2G network allows calls and limited data transmission; fixed-line 9 per 100 and mobile-cellular 76 per 100 (includes West Bank)" + "text": "Israeli company BEZEQ and the Palestinian company PALTEL are responsible for fixed-line services; the Palestinian JAWWAL company provides cellular services; a slow 2G network allows calls and limited data transmission; fixed-line 9 per 100 and mobile-cellular 84 per 100 (includes West Bank) (2020)" }, "international": { "text": "country code 970 or 972 (2018)" @@ -748,7 +748,7 @@ "text": "1 TV station and about 10 radio stations; satellite TV accessible" }, "Internet country code": { - "text": ".ps; note - IANA has designated .ps for the Gaza Strip, same as the West Bank" + "text": ".ps; note - IANA has designated .ps for the Gaza Strip, same as the West Bank" }, "Internet users": { "total": { diff --git a/middle-east/ir.json b/middle-east/ir.json index 8f8b48b9..8fe6214d 100644 --- a/middle-east/ir.json +++ b/middle-east/ir.json @@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ "text": "7.72% (male 3,220,074/female 3,337,420)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "5.87% (2020 est.) (male 2,316,677/female 2,670,254)" + "text": "5.87% (male 2,316,677/female 2,670,254) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1072,10 +1072,10 @@ }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "Iran’s telecom infrastructure has suffered from sanctions in recent years, which prevented the import of equipment and devices and encouraged widespread smuggling, with a consequent loss of tax revenue; to address this, the government introduced a device registration scheme, and bolstered the capacity for domestically manufactured mobile phones; companies have invested in broadening the reach of their LTE networks, which has increased network capacity and improved the quality of mobile broadband services; the country is also looking to 5G; the sector is still limited by low frequency bands; the government is addressing this with plans to reallocate the 3.5GHz band for 5G use; Iran is keen to grow its Iran’s digital economy; Iran offers significant opportunities for growth in the telecoms sector; the country has one of the largest populations in the Middle East, and there is a high proportion of youthful, tech savvy users having considerable demand for both fixed and mobile telecom services; companies are offering national roaming to improve services in rural areas (2022)" + "text": "Iran’s telecom infrastructure has suffered from sanctions in recent years, which prevented the import of equipment and devices and encouraged widespread smuggling, with a consequent loss of tax revenue; to address this, the government introduced a device registration scheme, and bolstered the capacity for domestically manufactured mobile phones; companies have invested in broadening the reach of their LTE networks, which has increased network capacity and improved the quality of mobile broadband services; the country is also looking to 5G; the sector is still limited by low frequency bands; the government is addressing this with plans to reallocate the 3.5GHz band for 5G use; Iran is keen to grow its digital economy; Iran offers significant opportunities for growth in the telecoms sector; the country has one of the largest populations in the Middle East, and there is a high proportion of youthful, tech savvy users having considerable demand for both fixed and mobile telecom services; companies are offering national roaming to improve services in rural areas (2022)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "approximately 35 per 100 for fixed-line and 152 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions; investment by Iran's state-owned telecom company has greatly improved and expanded both the fixed-line and mobile cellular networks; a huge percentage of the cell phones in the market have been smuggled into the country (2020)" + "text": "approximately 35 per 100 for fixed-line and 152 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2020)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 98; landing points for Kuwait-Iran, GBICS & MENA, FALCON, OMRAN/3PEG Cable System, POI and UAE-Iran submarine fiber-optic cable to the Middle East, Africa and India; (TAE) fiber-optic line runs from Azerbaijan through the northern portion of Iran to Turkmenistan with expansion to Georgia and Azerbaijan; HF radio and microwave radio relay to Turkey, Azerbaijan, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Syria, Kuwait, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan; satellite earth stations - 13 (9 Intelsat and 4 Inmarsat) (2019)" diff --git a/middle-east/is.json b/middle-east/is.json index fdbae0c2..839631db 100644 --- a/middle-east/is.json +++ b/middle-east/is.json @@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ "text": "8.4% (male 363,262/female 365,709)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "11.96% (2020 est.) (male 467,980/female 569,816)" + "text": "11.96% (male 467,980/female 569,816) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ "text": "President Isaac HERZOG (since 7 July 2021)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Yair LAPID serving as caretaker (since 1 July 2022); under the terms of the coalition government made a year ago, LAPID became prime minister on 1 July 2022, replacing former Prime Minister Naftali BENNETT" + "text": "on 13 November 2022, President HERZOG tasked Benjamin NETANYHU with forming a new government" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet selected by prime minister and approved by the Knesset" @@ -594,10 +594,10 @@ "text": "unicameral Knesset (120 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by closed-list proportional representation vote, with a 3.25% vote threshold to gain representation; members serve 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 23 March 2021; the Knesset was dissolved on 30 June 2022 (next scheduled for 1 November 2022)" + "text": "last held on 1 November 2022 (next scheduled for November 2026)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent by party - Likud 24.2%, Yesh Atid 13.9%, Shas 7.2%, Blue and White 6.6%, Yamina 6.2%, Labor 6.1%, UTJ 5.6%, Yisrael Beiteinu 5.6%, Religious Zionist Party 5.1%, Joint List 4.8%, New Hope 4.7%, Meretz 4.6%, Ra'am 3.8%, other 0.5%; seats by party - Likud 30, Yesh Atid 17, Shas 9, Blue and White 8, Yamina 7, Labor 7, UTJ 7, Yisrael Beiteinu 7, Religious Zionist Party 6, Joint List 6, New Hope 6, Meretz 6, Ra'am 4; composition as of March 2022 - men 84, women 36, percentage of women 30%" + "text": "percent by party - Likud 23.4%, Yesh Atid 17.8%, Religious Zionist Party 10.8%, National Unity 9.1%, Shas 8.2%, UTJ 5.9%, Yisrael Beiteinu 4.5%, United Arab List 4.1%, Hadash-Ta'al 3.8%, Labor 3.7%, Meretz 3.2%, other 1.6%; seats by party - Likud 32, Yesh Atid 24, Religious Zionist Party 14, National Unity 12, Shas 11, UTJ 7, Yisrael Beiteinu 6, Hadash-Ta'al 5, United Arab List 5, Labor 4; composition - men 91, women 29, percentage of women 24.2%" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Blue and White [Benny GANTZ]
Joint Arab List [Ayman ODEH] (alliance includes Hadash, Ta’al, Balad)
Labor Party or HaAvoda [Merav MICHAELI]
Likud [Binyamin NETANYAHU]
Meretz [Zehava GAL-ON]
New Hope [Gideon SA'AR]
Religious Zionist Party [Bezalel SMOTRICH, chairperson]
SHAS [Aryeh DERI]
United Arab List [Mansour ABBAS]
United Torah Judaism or UTJ [Moshe GAFNI] (alliance includes Agudat Israel and Degel HaTorah)
Yamina [Ayelet SHAKED]
Yesh Atid [Yair LAPID]
Yisrael Beiteinu [Avigdor LIEBERMAN]" + "text": "Blue and White [Benny GANTZ]
Joint Arab List [Ayman ODEH] (alliance includes Hadash, Ta’al, Balad)
Labor Party or HaAvoda [Merav MICHAELI]
Likud [Binyamin NETANYAHU]
Meretz [Zehava GAL-ON]
National Unity [alliance includes Blue and White and New Hope]
New Hope [Gideon SA'AR]
Religious Zionist Party [Bezalel SMOTRICH, chairperson]
SHAS [Aryeh DERI]
United Arab List [Mansour ABBAS]
United Torah Judaism or UTJ [Moshe GAFNI] (alliance includes Agudat Israel and Degel HaTorah)
Yamina [Ayelet SHAKED]
Yesh Atid [Yair LAPID]
Yisrael Beiteinu [Avigdor LIEBERMAN]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "BIS, BSEC (observer), CE (observer), CERN, CICA, EBRD, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW (signatory), OSCE (partner), Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" @@ -749,7 +749,7 @@ "Standard & Poors rating": { "text": "AA- (2018)" }, - "note": "Note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained." + "note": "note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained." }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { @@ -1117,7 +1117,7 @@ "text": "Israel’s developed economy largely revolves around high technology products, primarily used in the medical, biotechnology, agricultural, materials, and military industries; the country also attracts investment in its cyber-security industry, and has established itself as a hub for thousands of start-up companies; to underpin these developments, Israel has developed a robust telecoms sector; household broadband subscriptions is high, with a focus on fiber-network deployment; LTE services are almost universally available, while the August 2020 multi-frequency bands also enabled the MNOs to provide services based on 5G; 5G will be supported by moves to close down GSM and 3G networks in stages through to the end of 2025, with the physical assets and frequencies to be repurposed for LTE and 5G use (2022)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "good system of coaxial cable and microwave radio relay; all systems are digital; competition among both fixed-line and mobile cellular providers results in good coverage countrywide; fixed-line nearly 36 per 100 and nearly 132 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2020)" + "text": "good system of coaxial cable and microwave radio relay; all systems are digital; competition among both fixed-line and mobile cellular providers results in good coverage countrywide; fixed-line nearly 39 per 100 and nearly 142 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2020)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 972; landing points for the MedNautilus Submarine System, Tameres North, Jonah and Lev Submarine System, submarine cables that provide links to Europe, Cyprus, and parts of the Middle East; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) (2019)" diff --git a/middle-east/iz.json b/middle-east/iz.json index 80d72a17..41a0bf9f 100644 --- a/middle-east/iz.json +++ b/middle-east/iz.json @@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ "text": "4.23% (male 805,397/female 839,137)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "3.33% (2020 est.) (male 576,593/female 719,240)" + "text": "3.33% (male 576,593/female 719,240) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1108,7 +1108,7 @@ "text": "Iraq continues to face a number of political and economic challenges, though increasing civil stability has made it easier for mobile and fixed-line operators to rebuild telecom services and infrastructure damaged during the last few years; the government extended the licenses held by the MNOs for an additional three years to compensate for the chaos and destruction caused between 2014 and 2017 when Islamic State held sway in many areas of the country; the companies have struggled to develop LTE services; with LTE services being very low, there is little chance for 5G to be available in the short term; most services are still based on GSM and 3G, except in the Kurdish region where LTE is more widely available (2022)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "3G services offered by three major mobile operators; 4G offered by one operator in Iraqi; conflict has destroyed infrastructure in areas; about 10 per 100 for fixed-line and 92 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2020)" + "text": "about 7 per 100 for fixed-line and 93 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2020)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 964; landing points for FALCON, and GBICS/MENA submarine cables providing connections to the Middle East, Africa and India; satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean, 1 Intersputnik - Atlantic Ocean region, and 1 Arabsat (inoperative)); local microwave radio relay connects border regions to Jordan, Kuwait, Syria, and Turkey (2019)" @@ -1287,7 +1287,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "15,272 (Turkey), 7,881 (West Bank and Gaza Strip) (mid-year 2021); 262,412 (Syria) (2022)" + "text": "15,272 (Turkey), 7,881 (West Bank and Gaza Strip) (mid-year 2021); 261,046 (Syria) (2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "1,184,818 (displacement in central and northern Iraq since January 2014) (2022)" diff --git a/middle-east/jo.json b/middle-east/jo.json index 9d5d6f6a..fdc34682 100644 --- a/middle-east/jo.json +++ b/middle-east/jo.json @@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ "text": "5.11% (male 290,633/female 262,827)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "3.67% (2020 est.) (male 194,464/female 202,386)" + "text": "3.67% (male 194,464/female 202,386) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1268,7 +1268,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "2,307,011 (Palestinian refugees) (2020); 66,665 (Iraq), 12,866 (Yemen), 6,013 Sudan (2021); 676,606 (Syria) (2022)" + "text": "2,307,011 (Palestinian refugees) (2020); 66,665 (Iraq), 12,866 (Yemen), 6,013 Sudan (2021); 676,621 (Syria) (2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "63 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/middle-east/ku.json b/middle-east/ku.json index 20510a17..fdd19ed1 100644 --- a/middle-east/ku.json +++ b/middle-east/ku.json @@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ "text": "5.43% (male 90,583/female 72,026)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "2.92% (2020 est.) (male 38,614/female 48,752)" + "text": "2.92% (male 38,614/female 48,752) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/middle-east/le.json b/middle-east/le.json index ad942e54..e1982506 100644 --- a/middle-east/le.json +++ b/middle-east/le.json @@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ "text": "9.62% (male 250,653/female 275,670)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "7.96% (2020 est.) (male 187,001/female 248,479)" + "text": "7.96% (male 187,001/female 248,479) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ "text": "president indirectly elected by Parliament with two-thirds majority vote in the first round and if needed absolute majority vote in a second round for a 6-year term (eligible for non-consecutive terms); last held on 31 October 2016 (next to be held in 2022); prime minister appointed by the president in consultation with Parliament; deputy prime minister determined during cabinet formation" }, "election results": { - "text": "2022: on 29 September, Parliament failed to elect a new president ; blank votes 63 , Michel
MOAWAD 36; on 13 October 2022, the vote was postponed because Parliament lacked the necessary quorum of 86 members to hold a vote

2016: Michel AWN elected president in second round; National Assembly vote - Michel AWN (FPM) 83 votes; note - in the initial election held on 23 April 2014, no candidate received the required two-thirds vote, and subsequent attempts failed because Parliament lacked the necessary quorum of 86 members to hold a vote; the president was finally elected in its 46th attempt on 31 October 2016" + "text": "2022: on 10 November 2022, Parliament in its fifth session failed to elect a president; next session is called for November 17

2016: Michel AWN elected president in second round; National Assembly vote - Michel AWN (FPM) 83 votes; note - in the initial election held on 23 April 2014, no candidate received the required two-thirds vote, and subsequent attempts failed because Parliament lacked the necessary quorum of 86 members to hold a vote; the president was finally elected in its 46th attempt on 31 October 2016" } }, "Legislative branch": { diff --git a/middle-east/mu.json b/middle-east/mu.json index f922863b..ab9d6316 100644 --- a/middle-east/mu.json +++ b/middle-east/mu.json @@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ "text": "4.02% (male 77,558/female 68,427)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "3.68% (2020 est.) (male 64,152/female 69,663)" + "text": "3.68% (male 64,152/female 69,663) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/middle-east/qa.json b/middle-east/qa.json index 88c477fc..8c551767 100644 --- a/middle-east/qa.json +++ b/middle-east/qa.json @@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ "text": "3.53% (male 66,561/female 19,600)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "1.19% (2020 est.) (male 19,067/female 10,068)" + "text": "1.19% (male 19,067/female 10,068) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/middle-east/sa.json b/middle-east/sa.json index 31623993..bd4d658a 100644 --- a/middle-east/sa.json +++ b/middle-east/sa.json @@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ "text": "5.95% (male 1,254,921/female 778,467)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "3.63% (2020 est.) (male 657,395/female 584,577)" + "text": "3.63% (male 657,395/female 584,577) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/middle-east/sy.json b/middle-east/sy.json index 921f1b8d..f32f7a20 100644 --- a/middle-east/sy.json +++ b/middle-east/sy.json @@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ "text": "5.41% (male 516,209/female 534,189)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "4.46% (2020 est.) (male 404,813/female 459,417)" + "text": "4.46% (male 404,813/female 459,417) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1221,7 +1221,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "160,000 (mid-year 2021); note - Syria's stateless population consists of Kurds and Palestinians; stateless persons are prevented from voting, owning land, holding certain jobs, receiving food subsidies or public healthcare, enrolling in public schools, or being legally married to Syrian citizens; in 1962, some 120,000 Syrian Kurds were stripped of their Syrian citizenship, rendering them and their descendants stateless; in 2011, the Syrian Government granted citizenship to thousands of Syrian Kurds as a means of appeasement; however, resolving the question of statelessness is not a priority given Syria's ongoing civil war" }, - "note": "note: the ongoing civil war has resulted in almost 5.6 million registered Syrian refugees - dispersed mainly in Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey - as of October 2022" + "note": "note: the ongoing civil war has resulted in almost 5.3 million registered Syrian refugees - dispersed mainly in Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey - as of November 2022" }, "Trafficking in persons": { "current situation": { diff --git a/middle-east/tu.json b/middle-east/tu.json index aa5c4214..c028ab82 100644 --- a/middle-east/tu.json +++ b/middle-east/tu.json @@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ "text": "9.25% (male 3,764,878/female 3,822,946)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "8.35% (2020 est.) (male 3,070,258/female 3,782,174)" + "text": "8.35% (male 3,070,258/female 3,782,174) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1301,7 +1301,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "3,622,486 (Syria) (2022); 145,000 (Ukraine) (as of 19 May 2022)" + "text": "3,603,724 (Syria) (2022); 145,000 (Ukraine) (as of 19 May 2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "1.099 million (displaced from 1984-2005 because of fighting between the Kurdish PKK and Turkish military; most IDPs are Kurds from eastern and southeastern provinces; no information available on persons displaced by development projects) (2021)" diff --git a/middle-east/we.json b/middle-east/we.json index a4994519..9656e92b 100644 --- a/middle-east/we.json +++ b/middle-east/we.json @@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ "text": "5.12% (male 76,615/female 72,006)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "3.62% (2020 est.) (male 48,387/female 56,650)" + "text": "3.62% (2022 est.) (male 48,387/female 56,650) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/middle-east/ym.json b/middle-east/ym.json index 745183f4..3934934d 100644 --- a/middle-east/ym.json +++ b/middle-east/ym.json @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ "text": "4% (male 523,769 /female 623,100)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "2.8% (2018 est.) (male 366,891 /female 435,855)" + "text": "2.8% (male 366,891 /female 435,855) (2018 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/north-america/bd.json b/north-america/bd.json index 60800b32..c67a022d 100644 --- a/north-america/bd.json +++ b/north-america/bd.json @@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ "text": "16.37% (male 5,560/female 6,185)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "19.74% (2020 est.) (male 6,032/female 8,134)" + "text": "19.74% (male 6,032/female 8,134) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/north-america/ca.json b/north-america/ca.json index b19c1c06..7b79b74d 100644 --- a/north-america/ca.json +++ b/north-america/ca.json @@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ "text": "14.08% (male 2,624,474/female 2,682,858)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "18.98% (2020 est.) (male 3,274,298/female 3,881,126)" + "text": "18.98% (male 3,274,298/female 3,881,126) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/north-america/gl.json b/north-america/gl.json index 7b2a02d5..d568a6a9 100644 --- a/north-america/gl.json +++ b/north-america/gl.json @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ "text": "14.66% (male 4,561/female 3,886)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "10.36% (2020 est.) (male 3,170/female 2,798)" + "text": "10.36% (male 3,170/female 2,798) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -890,10 +890,10 @@ }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "adequate domestic and international service provided by satellite, cables, and microwave radio relay; the fundamental telecommunications infrastructure consists of a digital radio link from Nanortalik in south Greenland to Uummannaq in north Greenland; satellites cover north and east Greenland for domestic and foreign telecommunications; a marine cable connects south and west Greenland to the rest of the world, extending from Nuuk and Qaqortoq to Canada and Iceland (2018)" + "text": "adequate domestic and international service provided by satellite, cables, and microwave radio relay; the fundamental telecommunications infrastructure consists of a digital radio link from Nanortalik in south Greenland to Uummannaq in north Greenland; satellites cover north and east Greenland for domestic and foreign telecommunications; a marine cable connects south and west Greenland to the rest of the world, extending from Nuuk and Qaqortoq to Canada and Iceland; a contract has been awarded to build a 5G network in Greenland, initially covering three towns, with 10 towns, including Greenland's capital Nuuk to follow (2022)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "nearly 13 per 100 for fixed-line subscriptions and 109 per 100 for mobile-cellular (2019)" + "text": "nearly 11 per 100 for fixed-line subscriptions and 116 per 100 for mobile-cellular (2020)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 299; landing points for Greenland Connect, Greenland Connect North, Nunavut Undersea Fiber System submarine cables to Greenland, Iceland, and Canada; satellite earth stations - 15 (12 Intelsat, 1 Eutelsat, 2 Americom GE-2 (all Atlantic Ocean)) (2019)" diff --git a/north-america/mx.json b/north-america/mx.json index 7ac4e25a..164700c5 100644 --- a/north-america/mx.json +++ b/north-america/mx.json @@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ "text": "8.29% (male 4,879,048/female 5,784,176)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "7.67% (2020 est.) (male 4,373,807/female 5,491,581)" + "text": "7.67% (male 4,373,807/female 5,491,581) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/north-america/sb.json b/north-america/sb.json index 6ae06a68..51672c5b 100644 --- a/north-america/sb.json +++ b/north-america/sb.json @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ "text": "15.52% (male 419/female 397)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "24.1% (2022 est.) (male 556/female 711)" + "text": "24.1% (male 556/female 711) (2022 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/north-america/us.json b/north-america/us.json index 67737e67..20d12a7f 100644 --- a/north-america/us.json +++ b/north-america/us.json @@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ "text": "12.86% (male 20,690,736/female 22,091,808)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "16.85% (2020 est.) (male 25,014,147/female 31,037,419)" + "text": "16.85% (male 25,014,147/female 31,037,419) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/oceans/oo.json b/oceans/oo.json index 65691720..410ec646 100644 --- a/oceans/oo.json +++ b/oceans/oo.json @@ -29,9 +29,6 @@ "Climate": { "text": "sea temperatures vary from about 10 degrees Celsius to -2 degrees Celsius; cyclonic storms travel eastward around the continent and frequently are intense because of the temperature contrast between ice and open ocean; the ocean area from about latitude 40 south to the Antarctic Circle has the strongest average winds found anywhere on Earth; in winter the ocean freezes outward to 65 degrees south latitude in the Pacific sector and 55 degrees south latitude in the Atlantic sector, lowering surface temperatures well below 0 degrees Celsius; at some coastal points intense persistent drainage winds from the interior keep the shoreline ice-free throughout the winter" }, - "Terrain": { - "text": "

the Southern Ocean is 4,000 to 5,000-m deep over most of its extent with only limited areas of shallow water; the Antarctic continental shelf is generally narrow and unusually deep, its edge lying at depths of 400 to 800 m (the global mean is 133 m); the Antarctic icepack grows from an average minimum of 2.6 million sq km in March to about 18.8 million sq km in September, better than a sixfold increase in area

major surface currents: the cold, clockwise-flowing Antarctic Circumpolar Current (West Wind Drift; 21,000 km long) moves perpetually eastward around the continent and is the world's largest and strongest ocean current, transporting 130 million cubic meters of water per second - 100 times the flow of all the world's rivers; it is also the only current that flows all the way around the planet and connects the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans; the cold Antarctic Coastal Current (East Wind Drift) is the southernmost current in the world, flowing westward and parallel to the Antarctic coastline

" - }, "Ocean volume": { "ocean volume": { "text": "71.8 million cu km" @@ -40,6 +37,9 @@ "text": "5.4%" } }, + "Major ocean currents": { + "text": "

The cold, clockwise-flowing Antarctic Circumpolar Current (West Wind Drift; 21,000 km long) moves perpetually eastward around the continent and is the world's largest and strongest ocean current, transporting 130 million cubic meters of water per second - 100 times the flow of all the world's rivers; it is also the only current that flows all the way around the planet and connects the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans; the cold Antarctic Coastal Current (East Wind Drift) is the southernmost current in the world, flowing westward and parallel to the Antarctic coastline

" + }, "Elevation": { "highest point": { "text": "sea level" diff --git a/oceans/xo.json b/oceans/xo.json index 89d6f7c8..5d84c4a0 100644 --- a/oceans/xo.json +++ b/oceans/xo.json @@ -29,9 +29,6 @@ "Climate": { "text": "northeast monsoon (December to April), southwest monsoon (June to October); tropical cyclones occur during May/June and October/November in the northern Indian Ocean and January/February in the southern Indian Ocean" }, - "Terrain": { - "text": "

surface dominated by a major gyre (broad, circular system of currents) in the southern Indian Ocean and a unique reversal of surface currents in the northern Indian Ocean; ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Indian Ocean Ridge and subdivided by the Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge, Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge, and Ninetyeast Ridge

major surface currents: the counterclockwise Indian Ocean Gyre comprised of the southward flowing warm Agulhas and East Madagascar Currents in the west, the eastward flowing South Indian Current in the south, the northward flowing cold West Australian Current in the east, and the westward flowing South Equatorial Current in the north; a distinctive annual reversal of surface currents occurs in the northern Indian Ocean; low atmospheric pressure over southwest Asia from hot, rising, summer air results in the southwest monsoon and southwest-to-northeast winds and clockwise currents, while high pressure over northern Asia from cold, falling, winter air results in the northeast monsoon and northeast-to-southwest winds and counterclockwise currents

" - }, "Ocean volume": { "ocean volume": { "text": "264 million cu km" @@ -40,6 +37,32 @@ "text": "19.8%" } }, + "Major ocean currents": { + "text": "The counterclockwise Indian Ocean Gyre comprised of the southward flowing warm Agulhas and East Madagascar Currents in the west, the eastward flowing South Indian Current in the south, the northward flowing cold West Australian Current in the east, and the westward flowing South Equatorial Current in the north; a distinctive annual reversal of surface currents occurs in the northern Indian Ocean; low atmospheric pressure over southwest Asia from hot, rising, summer air results in the southwest monsoon and southwest-to-northeast winds and clockwise currents, while high pressure over northern Asia from cold, falling, winter air results in the northeast monsoon and northeast-to-southwest winds and counterclockwise currents" + }, + "Bathymetry": { + "continental shelf": { + "text": "

The continental shelf (see Figure 1), a rather flat area of the sea floor adjacent to the coast that gradually slopes down from the shore to water depths of about 200 m (660 ft). Dimensions can vary: they may be narrow or nearly nonexistent in some places or extend for hundreds of miles in others. The waters along the continental shelf are usually productive in both plant and animal life, both from sunlight and nutrients from ocean upwelling and terrestrial runoff. The following are examples of features found on the continental shelf of the Indian Ocean (see Figure 2).

Exmouth Plateau
Indus Canyon
The Swatch of No Ground/Ganges Canyon (Bay of Bengal)
Sunda Shelf

" + }, + "continental slope": { + "text": "

The continental slope (see Figure 1) is where the ocean bottom drops off more rapidly until it meets the deep-sea floor (abyssal plain) at about 3,200 m (10,500 ft) water depth. The deep waters of the continental slope are characterized by cold temperatures, low light conditions, and very high pressures. Sunlight does not penetrate to these depths, having been absorbed or reflected in the water above. The continental slope can be indented by submarine canyons, often associated with the outflow of major rivers. Another feature of the continental slope are alluvial fans or cones of sediments carried downstream to the ocean by major rivers and deposited down the slope. The following are examples of features found on the continental slope of the Indian Ocean (see Figure 2).

Bengal Fan
Indus Fan

" + }, + "abyssal plains": { + "text": "

The abyssal plains (see Figure 1), at depths of over 3,000 m (10,000 ft) and covering 70% of the ocean floor, are the largest habitat on earth. Sunlight does not penetrate to the sea floor, making these deep, dark ecosystems less productive than those along the continental shelf. Despite their name, these “plains” are not uniformly flat; they are interrupted by features like hills, valleys, and seamounts. The following are examples of features found on the abyssal plains of the Indian Ocean (see Figure 2).

Arabian Basin
Crozet Basin
Madagascar Basin
Mid-Indian Basin
Mozambique Basin
Wharton Basin

" + }, + "mid-ocean ridge": { + "text": "

The mid-ocean ridge (see Figure 1), rising up from the abyssal plain, is an underwater mountain range, over 64,000 km (40,000 mi) long, rising to an average depth of 2,400 m (8,000 ft). Mid-ocean ridges form at divergent plate boundaries where two tectonic plates are moving apart and new crust is created by magma pushing up from the mantle. Tracing their way around the global ocean, this system of underwater volcanoes forms the longest mountain range on Earth. Fracture Zones are linear transform faults that develop perpendicular to the line of the mid-ocean ridge which can offset the ridge line and divide it into segments. The following are examples of mid-ocean ridges found on the floor of the Indian Ocean (see Figure 2).

Central Indian Ridge
Davie Ridge
Southeast Indian Ridge
Southwest Indian Ridge

" + }, + "seamounts": { + "text": "

Seamounts (see Figure 1) are submarine mountains at least 1,000 m (3,300 ft) high formed from individual volcanoes on the ocean floor. They are distinct from the plate-boundary volcanic system of the mid-ocean ridges, because seamounts tend to be circular or conical. A circular collapse caldera is often centered at the summit, evidence of a magma chamber within the volcano. Flat topped seamounts are known as guyots. Long chains of seamounts are often fed by \"hot spots\" in the deep mantle. These hot spots are associated with stationary plumes of molten rock rising from deep within the Earth's mantle. These hot spot plumes melt through the overlying tectonic plate as it moves and supplies magma to the active volcanic island at the end of the chain of volcanic islands and seamounts. The following are examples of seamounts found on the floor of the Indian Ocean (see Figure 2).

Andaman-Nicobar Ridge
Chagos-Laccadive Ridge
Kerguelen Plateau
Madagascar Plateau
Mascarene Plateau
Mozambique Plateau
Ninetyeast Ridge

" + }, + "ocean trenches": { + "text": "

Ocean trenches (see Figure 1) are the deepest parts of the ocean floor and are created by the process of subduction. Trenches form along convergent boundaries where tectonic plates are moving toward each other, and one plate sinks (is subducted) under another. The location where the sinking of a plate occurs is called a subduction zone. Subduction can occur when oceanic crust collides with and sinks under (subducts) continental crust resulting in volcanic, seismic, and mountain-building processes. Subduction can also occur in the convergence of two oceanic plates where one will sink under the other and in the process create a deep ocean trench. Subduction processes in oceanic-oceanic plate convergence also result in the formation of volcanoes. Over millions of years, the erupted lava and volcanic debris pile up on the ocean floor until a submarine volcano rises above sea level to form a volcanic island. Such volcanoes are typically strung out in chains called island arcs. As the name implies, volcanic island arcs, which closely parallel the trenches, are generally curved. The following are examples of ocean trenches found on the floor of the Indian Ocean (see Figure 2).

Java/Sunda Trench; note - deepest point in the Indian Ocean

" + }, + "atolls": { + "text": "

Atolls (see Figure 1) are the remains of dormant volcanic islands. In warm tropical oceans, coral colonies establish themselves on the margins of the island. Then, over time, the high elevation of the island collapses and erodes away to sea level leaving behind an outline of the island in the form of the fringing coral reef. The resulting low island is typified by the coral reef surrounding a low elevation of sand and coral above sea level with an interior shallow lagoon. Often times the remaining dry land is broken into a ring of islets. Some lagoons can be hundreds of square kilometers. It may take as long as 300,000 years for an atoll formation to occur. Guyots are submerged atoll structures, which explains why they are flat topped seamounts. The following are examples of atolls found in the Indian Ocean (see Figure 2).

Bassas da India
Chagos Archipelago/Diego Garcia
Europa Island
Juan de Nova Island
Lakshadweep Islands
Maldive Islands
Seychelles

" + } + }, "Elevation": { "highest point": { "text": "sea level" diff --git a/oceans/xq.json b/oceans/xq.json index 07220c21..bbaed360 100644 --- a/oceans/xq.json +++ b/oceans/xq.json @@ -29,9 +29,6 @@ "Climate": { "text": "polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature range; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow" }, - "Terrain": { - "text": "

central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that, on average, is about 3 m thick, although pressure ridges may be three times that thickness; the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge)

major surface currents: two major, slow-moving, wind-driven currents (drift streams) dominate: a clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyre in the western part of the Arctic Ocean and a nearly straight line Transpolar Drift Stream that moves eastward across the ocean from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to the Fram Strait (between Greenland and Svalbard); sea ice that lies close to the center of the gyre can complete a 360 degree circle in about 2 years, while ice on the gyre periphery will complete the same circle in about 7-8 years; sea ice in the Transpolar Drift crosses the ocean in about 3 years

" - }, "Ocean volume": { "ocean volume": { "text": "18.75 million cu km" @@ -40,6 +37,9 @@ "text": "1.4%" } }, + "Major ocean currents": { + "text": "

Two major, slow-moving, wind-driven currents (drift streams) dominate: a clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyre in the western part of the Arctic Ocean and a nearly straight line Transpolar Drift Stream that moves eastward across the ocean from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to the Fram Strait (between Greenland and Svalbard); sea ice that lies close to the center of the gyre can complete a 360 degree circle in about 2 years, while ice on the gyre periphery will complete the same circle in about 7-8 years; sea ice in the Transpolar Drift crosses the ocean in about 3 years

" + }, "Elevation": { "highest point": { "text": "sea level" diff --git a/oceans/zh.json b/oceans/zh.json index 96ec84ed..86e4cb33 100644 --- a/oceans/zh.json +++ b/oceans/zh.json @@ -29,9 +29,6 @@ "Climate": { "text": "tropical cyclones (hurricanes) develop off the coast of Africa near Cabo Verde and move westward into the Caribbean Sea; hurricanes can occur from May to December but are most frequent from August to November" }, - "Terrain": { - "text": "

surface usually covered with sea ice in Labrador Sea, Denmark Strait, and coastal portions of the Baltic Sea from October to June; surface dominated by two large gyres (broad, circular systems of currents), one in the northern Atlantic and another in the southern Atlantic; the ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a rugged north-south centerline for the entire Atlantic basin

major surface currents: clockwise North Atlantic Gyre consists of the northward flowing, warm Gulf Stream in the west, the eastward flowing North Atlantic Current in the north, the southward flowing cold Canary Current in the east, and the westward flowing North Equatorial Current in the south; the counterclockwise South Atlantic Gyre composed of the southward flowing warm Brazil Current in the west, the eastward flowing South Atlantic Current in the south, the northward flowing cold Benguela Current in the east, and the westward flowing South Equatorial Current in the north

" - }, "Ocean volume": { "ocean volume": { "text": "310,410,900 cu km" @@ -40,6 +37,32 @@ "text": "23.3%" } }, + "Major ocean currents": { + "text": "Clockwise North Atlantic Gyre consists of the northward flowing, warm Gulf Stream in the west, the eastward flowing North Atlantic Current in the north, the southward flowing cold Canary Current in the east, and the westward flowing North Equatorial Current in the south; the counterclockwise South Atlantic Gyre composed of the southward flowing warm Brazil Current in the west, the eastward flowing South Atlantic Current in the south, the northward flowing cold Benguela Current in the east, and the westward flowing South Equatorial Current in the north" + }, + "Bathymetry": { + "continental shelf": { + "text": "The continental shelf (see Figure 1), a rather flat area of the sea floor adjacent to the coast that gradually slopes down from the shore to water depths of about 200 m (660 ft). Dimensions can vary: they may be narrow or nearly nonexistent in some places or extend for hundreds of miles in others. The waters along the continental shelf are usually productive in both plant and animal life, both from sunlight and nutrients from ocean upwelling and terrestrial runoff. The passive margins of the Atlantic Ocean provide for wide continental shelves in North America, Northwest Europe, and the southern coast of South America. The following are examples of features found on the continental shelf of the Atlantic Ocean.

Blake Plateau (Figure 5)
Celtic Shelf (Figure 2)
Dogger Bank (Figure 2)
Flemish Cap (Figure 2)
Falkland Plateau (Figure 3)
Grand Banks of Newfoundland (Figure 2)
Great Bahama Bank (Figure 5)
Little Bahama Bank (Figure 5)
Tunisian Plateau (Figure 4)
Yacatan Shelf (Figure 5)

" + }, + "continental slope": { + "text": "The continental slope (see Figure 1) is where the ocean bottom drops off more rapidly until it meets the deep-sea floor (abyssal plain) at about 3,200 m (10,500 ft) water depth. The deep waters of the continental slope are characterized by cold temperatures, low light conditions, and very high pressures. Sunlight does not penetrate to these depths, having been absorbed or reflected in the water above. The continental slope can be indented by submarine canyons, often associated with the outflow of major rivers. Another feature of the continental slope are alluvial fans or cones of sediments carried downstream to the ocean by major rivers and deposited down the slope. The following are examples of features found on the continental slope of the Atlantic Ocean.

Amazon Cone (Figure 3)
Congo Fan (Figure 3)
Hudson Canyon (Figure 5)
Mississippi Fan (Figure 5)

" + }, + "abyssal plains": { + "text": "The abyssal plains (see Figure 1), at depths of over 3,000 m (10,000 ft) and covering 70% of the ocean floor, are the largest habitat on earth. Sunlight does not penetrate to the sea floor, making these deep, dark ecosystems less productive than those along the continental shelf. Despite their name, these “plains” are not uniformly flat; they are interrupted by features like hills, valleys, and seamounts. The following are examples of features found on the abyssal plains of the Atlantic Ocean.

Angola Basin (Figure 3)
Agulhas Basin (Figure 3)
Argentine Basin (Figure 3)
Brazil Basin (Figure 3)
Canary Basin (Figure 2)
Cape Basin (Figure 3)
Colombia Basin (Figure 2)
Labrador Basin (Figure 2)
Mexico Basin (Figure 2)
Newfoundland Basin (Figure 2)
North American Basin (Figure 2)
Venezuela Basin (Figure 2)
West European Basin (Figure 2)

" + }, + "mid-ocean ridge": { + "text": "The mid-ocean ridge (see Figure 1), rising up from the abyssal plain, is an underwater mountain range, over 64,000 km (40,000 mi) long, rising to an average depth of 2,400 m (8,000 ft). Mid-ocean ridges form at divergent plate boundaries where two tectonic plates are moving apart and new crust is created by magma pushing up from the mantle. Tracing their way around the global ocean, this system of underwater volcanoes forms the longest mountain range on Earth. Fracture Zones are linear transform faults that develop perpendicular to the line of the mid-ocean ridge which can offset the ridge line and divide it into segments.The Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone displaces the mid-ocean ridge 350 km to the west separating the Mid-Atlantic Ridge from the Reykjanes Ridge. The Romanche Fracture Zone, located near the Equator, offsets the Mid-Atlantic Ridge 900 km and is considered the dividing line between the North and South Atlantic Oceans. The following are examples of mid-ocean ridges found on the floor of the Atlantic Ocean.

East Mediterranean Ridge (Figure 4)
Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Figures 2, 3)
Reykjanes Ridge (Figure 2)

" + }, + "seamounts": { + "text": "Seamounts (see Figure 1) are submarine mountains at least 1,000 m (3,300 ft) high formed from individual volcanoes on the ocean floor. They are distinct from the plate-boundary volcanic system of the mid-ocean ridges, because seamounts tend to be circular or conical. A circular collapse caldera is often centered at the summit, evidence of a magma chamber within the volcano. Flat topped seamounts are known as guyots. Long chains of seamounts are often fed by \"hot spots\" in the deep mantle. These hot spots are associated with stationary plumes of molten rock rising from deep within the Earth's mantle. These hot spot plumes melt through the overlying tectonic plate as it moves and supplies magma to the active volcanic island at the end of the chain of volcanic islands and seamounts. The following are examples of seamounts found on the floor of the Atlantic Ocean.

Bermuda Rise (Figure 2)
Cape Verde Plateau (Figure 2)
New England Seamounts (Figure 2)
Rio Grande Plateau (Figure 3)
Rockall Plateau (Figure 2)

" + }, + "ocean trenches": { + "text": "Ocean trenches (see Figure 1) are the deepest parts of the ocean floor and are created by the process of subduction. Trenches form along convergent boundaries where tectonic plates are moving toward each other, and one plate sinks (is subducted) under another. The location where the sinking of a plate occurs is called a subduction zone. Subduction can occur when oceanic crust collides with and sinks under (subducts) continental crust resulting in volcanic, seismic, and mountain-building processes. Subduction can also occur in the convergence of two oceanic plates where one will sink under the other and in the process create a deep ocean trench. Subduction processes in oceanic-oceanic plate convergence also result in the formation of volcanoes. Over millions of years, the erupted lava and volcanic debris pile up on the ocean floor until a submarine volcano rises above sea level to form a volcanic island. Such volcanoes are typically strung out in chains called island arcs. As the name implies, volcanic island arcs, which closely parallel the trenches, are generally curved. The following are examples of ocean trenches found on the floor of the Atlantic Ocean.

Cayman Trench (Caribbean Sea) (Figure 2)
Hellenic Trench (Mediterranean Sea) (Figure 4)
Puerto Rico Trench (Figure 2); note - deepest point in the Atlantic Ocean
South Sandwich Trench (South Atlantic) (Figure 3)

" + }, + "atolls": { + "text": "Atolls are the remains of dormant volcanic islands. In warm tropical oceans, coral colonies establish themselves on the margins of the island. Then, over time, the high elevation of the island collapses and erodes away to sea level leaving behind an outline of the island in the form of the fringing coral reef. The resulting low island is typified by the coral reef surrounding a low elevation of sand and coral above sea level with an interior shallow lagoon. Often times the remaining dry land is broken into a ring of islets. Some lagoons can be hundreds of square kilometers. It may take as long as 300,000 years for an atoll formation to occur. Guyots are submerged atoll structures, which explains why they are flat topped seamounts. The following are examples of atolls found in the Atlantic Ocean

Rocas Atoll (Brazil); note - the only atoll in the South Atlantic" + } + }, "Elevation": { "highest point": { "text": "sea level" diff --git a/oceans/zn.json b/oceans/zn.json index 1f21146f..b01bbe2f 100644 --- a/oceans/zn.json +++ b/oceans/zn.json @@ -29,9 +29,6 @@ "Climate": { "text": "planetary air pressure systems and resultant wind patterns exhibit remarkable uniformity in the south and east; trade winds and westerly winds are well-developed patterns, modified by seasonal fluctuations; tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south of Mexico from June to October and affect Mexico and Central America; continental influences cause climatic uniformity to be much less pronounced in the eastern and western regions at the same latitude in the North Pacific Ocean; the western Pacific is monsoonal - a rainy season occurs during the summer months, when moisture-laden winds blow from the ocean over the land, and a dry season during the winter months, when dry winds blow from the Asian landmass back to the ocean; tropical cyclones (typhoons) may strike southeast and east Asia from May to December" }, - "Terrain": { - "text": "

surface dominated by two large gyres (broad, circular systems of currents), one in the northern Pacific and another in the southern Pacific; in the northern Pacific, sea ice forms in the Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk in winter; in the southern Pacific, sea ice from Antarctica reaches its northernmost extent in October; the ocean floor in the eastern Pacific is dominated by the East Pacific Rise, while the western Pacific is dissected by deep trenches, including the Mariana Trench, which is the world's deepest at 10,924 m

major surface currents: clockwise North Pacific Gyre formed by the warm northward flowing Kuroshio Current in the west, the eastward flowing North Pacific Current in the north, the southward flowing cold California Current in the east, and the westward flowing North Equatorial Current in the south; the counterclockwise South Pacific Gyre composed of the southward flowing warm East Australian Current in the west, the eastward flowing South Pacific Current in the south, the northward flowing cold Peru (Humbolt) Current in the east, and the westward flowing South Equatorial Current in the north

" - }, "Ocean volume": { "ocean volume": { "text": "669.88 million cu km" @@ -40,6 +37,32 @@ "text": "50.1%" } }, + "Major ocean currents": { + "text": "The clockwise North Pacific Gyre formed by the warm northward flowing Kuroshio Current in the west, the eastward flowing North Pacific Current in the north, the southward flowing cold California Current in the east, and the westward flowing North Equatorial Current in the south; the counterclockwise South Pacific Gyre composed of the southward flowing warm East Australian Current in the west, the eastward flowing South Pacific Current in the south, the northward flowing cold Peru (Humbolt) Current in the east, and the westward flowing South Equatorial Current in the north" + }, + "Bathymetry": { + "continental shelf": { + "text": "The continental shelf (see Figure 1), a rather flat area of the sea floor adjacent to the coast that gradually slopes down from the shore to water depths of about 200 m (660 ft). Dimensions can vary: they may be narrow or nearly nonexistent in some places or extend for hundreds of miles in others. The waters along the continental shelf are usually productive in both plant and animal life, both from sunlight and nutrients from ocean upwelling and terrestrial runoff. The following are examples of features found on the continental shelf of the Pacific Ocean.

Arafura Shelf (Figure 4B)
Sahul Shelf (Figure 4B)
Sunda Shelf (Figure 4B)
Taiwan Banks (Figure 4B)

" + }, + "continental slope": { + "text": "The continental slope (see Figure 1) is where the ocean bottom drops off more rapidly until it meets the deep-sea floor (abyssal plain) at about 3,200 m (10,500 ft) water depth. The deep waters of the continental slope are characterized by cold temperatures, low light conditions, and very high pressures. Sunlight does not penetrate to these depths, having been absorbed or reflected in the water above. The continental slope can be indented by submarine canyons, often associated with the outflow of major rivers. Another feature of the continental slope are alluvial fans or cones of sediments carried downstream to the ocean by major rivers and deposited down the slope. The following are examples of features found on the continental slope of the Pacific Ocean.

Pribilof Canyon (Figure 2)
Zhemchug Canyon (Figure 2); note - deepest submarine canyon

" + }, + "abyssal plains": { + "text": "The abyssal plains (see Figure 1), at depths of over 3,000 m (10,000 ft) and covering 70% of the ocean floor, are the largest habitat on earth. Sunlight does not penetrate to the sea floor, making these deep, dark ecosystems less productive than those along the continental shelf. Despite their name, these “plains” are not uniformly flat; they are interrupted by features like hills, valleys, and seamounts. The following are examples of features found on the abyssal plains of the Pacific Ocean.

Aleutian Basin (Figure 2)
Central Pacific Basin (Figure 2)
Northeast Pacific Basin (Figure 2)
Northwest Pacific Basin (Figure 2)
Philippine Basin (Figure 4)
Southwest Pacific Basin (Figure 4)
Tasman Basin (Figure 4)

" + }, + "mid-ocean ridge": { + "text": "The mid-ocean ridge (see Figure 1), rising up from the abyssal plain, is an underwater mountain range, over 64,000 km (40,000 mi) long, rising to an average depth of 2,400 m (8,000 ft). Mid-ocean ridges form at divergent plate boundaries where two tectonic plates are moving apart and new crust is created by magma pushing up from the mantle. Tracing their way around the global ocean, this system of underwater volcanoes forms the longest mountain range on Earth. Fracture Zones are linear transform faults that develop perpendicular to the line of the mid-ocean ridge which can offset the ridge line and divide it into segments. The following are examples of mid-ocean ridges found on the floor of the Pacific Ocean.

East Pacific Rise (Figure 3)
Pacific-Antarctic Ridge (Figure 3)

" + }, + "seamounts": { + "text": "Seamounts (see Figure 1) are submarine mountains at least 1,000 m (3,300 ft) high formed from individual volcanoes on the ocean floor. They are distinct from the plate-boundary volcanic system of the mid-ocean ridges, because seamounts tend to be circular or conical. A circular collapse caldera is often centered at the summit, evidence of a magma chamber within the volcano. Flat topped seamounts are known as guyots. Long chains of seamounts are often fed by \"hot spots\" in the deep mantle. These hot spots are associated with stationary plumes of molten rock rising from deep within the Earth's mantle. These hot spot plumes melt through the overlying tectonic plate as it moves and supplies magma to the active volcanic island at the end of the chain of volcanic islands and seamounts. The following are examples of seamounts found on the floor of the Pacific Ocean.

Caroline Seamounts (Figure 4B)
East Mariana Ridge (Figure 4)
Emperor Seamount Chain (Figure 2)
Hawaiian Ridge (Figure 2)
Lord Howe Seamount Chain (Figure 4)
Louisville Ridge (Figure 4)
Kapingamarangi (Ontong-Java) Rise (Figure 4B); note - largest submarine plateau
Macclesfield Bank (Figure 4B)
Marshall Seamounts (Figure 2)
Magellan Seamounts (Figure 2)
Mid-Pacific Seamounts (Figure 2)
Reed Tablemount (Figure 4B)
Shatsky Rise (Figure 2); note - third largest submarine plateau
Tonga-Kermadec Ridge (Figure 4)

" + }, + "ocean trenches": { + "text": "Ocean trenches (see Figure 1) are the deepest parts of the ocean floor and are created by the process of subduction. Trenches form along convergent boundaries where tectonic plates are moving toward each other, and one plate sinks (is subducted) under another. The location where the sinking of a plate occurs is called a subduction zone. Subduction can occur when oceanic crust collides with and sinks under (subducts) continental crust resulting in volcanic, seismic, and mountain-building processes. Subduction can also occur in the convergence of two oceanic plates where one will sink under the other and in the process create a deep ocean trench. Subduction processes in oceanic-oceanic plate convergence also result in the formation of volcanoes. Over millions of years, the erupted lava and volcanic debris pile up on the ocean floor until a submarine volcano rises above sea level to form a volcanic island. Such volcanoes are typically strung out in chains called island arcs. As the name implies, volcanic island arcs, which closely parallel the trenches, are generally curved. The following are examples of ocean trenches found on the floor of the Pacific Ocean.

Aleutian Trench (Figure 2)
Chile Trench (Figure 3)
Izu-Ogasawara Trench (Figure 2)
Japan Trench (Figure 2)
Kermadec Trench (Figure 3, 4)
Kuril-Kamchatka Trench (Figure 2)
Manus Trench (Figure 4)
Mariana Trench (Figure 2, 4); note - deepest ocean trench
Middle America Trench (Figure 3)
Nansei-Shoto Trench (Figure 4B)
Palau Trench (Figure 2, 4)
Philippine Trench (Figure 4)
Peru-Chile Trench (Figure 3)
South New Hebrides Trench (Figure 4)
Tonga Trench (Figure 3, 4)
Yap Trench (Figure 2, 4)

" + }, + "atolls": { + "text": "Atolls are the remains of dormant volcanic islands. In warm tropical oceans, coral colonies establish themselves on the margins of the island. Then, over time, the high elevation of the island collapses and erodes away to sea level leaving behind an outline of the island in the form of the fringing coral reef. The resulting low island is typified by the coral reef surrounding a low elevation of sand and coral above sea level with an interior shallow lagoon. Often times the remaining dry land is broken into a ring of islets. Some lagoons can be hundreds of square kilometers. It may take as long as 300,000 years for an atoll formation to occur. Guyots are submerged atoll structures, which explains why they are flat topped seamounts. The following are examples of atolls found in the Pacific Ocean; for more information see the following entries in The World Factbook.

Federated States of Micronesia
French Polynesia
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Midway Island
Tonga
Tuvalu
US Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges
Vanuatu
Wake Island" + } + }, "Elevation": { "highest point": { "text": "sea level" diff --git a/south-america/ar.json b/south-america/ar.json index 48473122..42e856a1 100644 --- a/south-america/ar.json +++ b/south-america/ar.json @@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ "text": "9.07% (male 2,000,536/female 2,122,699)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "12.13% (2020 est.) (male 2,331,679/female 3,185,262)" + "text": "12.13% (male 2,331,679/female 3,185,262) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/south-america/bl.json b/south-america/bl.json index 68dc6475..2f12048d 100644 --- a/south-america/bl.json +++ b/south-america/bl.json @@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ "text": "6.06% (male 323,210/female 382,139)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "5.71% (2020 est.) (male 291,368/female 373,535)" + "text": "5.71% (male 291,368/female 373,535) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/south-america/br.json b/south-america/br.json index ba73645d..5f7579d6 100644 --- a/south-america/br.json +++ b/south-america/br.json @@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ "text": "recurring droughts in northeast; floods and occasional frost in south" }, "Geography - note": { - "text": "note 1: largest country in South America and in the Southern Hemisphere; shares common boundaries with every South American country except Chile and Ecuador; most of the Pantanal, the world's largest tropical wetland, extends through the west central part of the country; shares Iguazu Falls, the world's largest waterfalls system, with Argentina

note 2: cassava (manioc) the sixth most important food crop in the world - after maize, rice, wheat, potatoes, and soybeans - seems to have originated in the west-central part of Brazil; pineapples are probably indigenous to the southern Brazil-Paraguay region" + "text": "note 1: largest country in South America and in the Southern Hemisphere; shares common boundaries with every South American country except Chile and Ecuador; most of the Pantanal, the world's largest tropical wetland, extends through the west central part of the country; shares Iguazu Falls, the world's largest waterfalls system, with Argentina

note 2: cassava (manioc) the sixth most important food crop in the world - after maize, rice, wheat, potatoes, and soybeans - seems to have originated in the west-central part of Brazil; pineapples are probably indigenous to the southern Brazil-Paraguay region

note 3: Rocas Atoll, located off the northeast coast of Brazil, is the only atoll in the South Atlantic." } }, "People and Society": { @@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ "text": "9.78% (male 9,802,995/female 10,911,140)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "9.21% (2020 est.) (male 8,323,344/female 11,176,018)" + "text": "9.21% (male 8,323,344/female 11,176,018) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/south-america/ci.json b/south-america/ci.json index ae7f0475..fd3fecfb 100644 --- a/south-america/ci.json +++ b/south-america/ci.json @@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ "text": "11.98% (male 1,034,049/female 1,145,022)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "11.81% (2020 est.) (male 902,392/female 1,245,890)" + "text": "11.81% (male 902,392/female 1,245,890) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/south-america/co.json b/south-america/co.json index 7b487a0f..fe71480f 100644 --- a/south-america/co.json +++ b/south-america/co.json @@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ "text": "9.93% (male 2,307,705/female 2,566,173)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "8.39% (2020 est.) (male 1,725,461/female 2,390,725)" + "text": "8.39% (male 1,725,461/female 2,390,725) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/south-america/ec.json b/south-america/ec.json index d38ec091..122ab624 100644 --- a/south-america/ec.json +++ b/south-america/ec.json @@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ "text": "7.92% (male 647,718/female 691,759)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "8.15% (2020 est.) (male 648,761/female 728,491)" + "text": "8.15% (male 648,761/female 728,491) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1113,10 +1113,10 @@ }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "Ecuador’s remote and mountainous geography lends challenges to tele-density; government-owned provider to improve fixed-line and LTE infrastructure, with emphasis on fiber expansion from urban to rural areas and installation of a 5G network; small telecom market dominated by the non-competitive mobile sector; inadequate fixed-line infrastructure and slowed fixed-line broadband services (2020) (2020)" + "text": "Ecuador has a small telecom market dominated by the mobile sector; the evolution of the market has been influenced by the poor fixed-line infrastructure, which has stymied the development of fixed-line broadband services; to some extent poor infrastructure has been the result of topographical challenges which have rendered the cost of deploying networks to remote and mountainous areas prohibitive; although Ecuador has several fixed-line operators and a large number of ISPs, the state-owned incumbent leads the fixed-line market, and thus also the fixed broadband market; thus far the MVNO sector has been slow to develop, partly because the incumbent operators also have their low-cost brands and thus there is little business case for new market entrants; the government is keen to advance and improve teledensity; from 2022, additional revenue will be earmarked for programs aimed at expanding the reach of internet and mobile services in rural areas of the country; Ecuador lacks a national 5G roadmap; the mobile operators have conducted several 5G pilots, but no progress has been made on allocation spectrum for 5G, or on developing strategies to encourage investment in the sector (2022)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "according to 2021 statistics from the Ministry of Telecommunications and Information Society, 50 percent of Ecuadorian homes do not have access to fixed internet.  Ecuador’s telecoms regulator, ARCOTEL is currently evaluating and reorganizing the 3.5GHz, 2.5 GHz, 700 MHz and AWS spectrum for future government tenders.  2G/3G technologies have a 91.11 percent of penetration and 4G technologies has 60.74 percent (2021). (2021)" + "text": "according to 2021 statistics from the Ministry of Telecommunications and Information Society, 50 percent of Ecuadorian homes do not have access to fixed internet; Ecuador’s telecoms regulator is currently evaluating and reorganizing the 3.5GHz, 2.5 GHz, 700 MHz and AWS spectrum for future government tenders; 2G/3G technologies have a 91.11 percent of penetration and 4G technologies has 60.74 percent (2021); fixed-line teledensity is about 12 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular service with a subscribership of nearly 88 per 100 persons (2021)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 593; landing points for the SPSC (Mistral Submarine Cable), Panamerican Cable System (PAN-AM), Pacific Caribbean Cable System (PCCS), America Movil-Telxius West Coast Cable and SAm-1 submarine (SAm-1) cables that provide links to South and Central America, and extending onward to the Caribbean and the US; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)" diff --git a/south-america/fk.json b/south-america/fk.json index 59e2d22b..f184c688 100644 --- a/south-america/fk.json +++ b/south-america/fk.json @@ -758,7 +758,7 @@ }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands" + "text": "the replacement of the rural internet and phone system was delayed due to COVID; upgrades started at the end of 2019, this included the replacement of all Multi Service Access Nodes (MSANs), the technology used to connect larger settlements; in early 2020 a new system to replace the WiMAX system (the technology used to connect smaller settlements and households) had been delayed as well due to COVID-19; once the equipment is received it will be installed in the largest base stations on East Falklands: Malo, Bombilla, and Mt Pleasant peak


“We also have MSAN equipment and radio links due to arrive towards the end of this month, and these and will be installed at Chartres, New Island, Sea Lion Island, Onion Range, Sand Bay, and Mare Harbour enabling us to migrate additional customers from the existing WiMAX network and also releasing equipment for spares.” (2020)" }, "domestic": { "text": "fixed-line subscriptions approximately 65 per 100, 163 per 100 for mobile-cellular (2019)" diff --git a/south-america/gy.json b/south-america/gy.json index 00b74a86..3a3fe6ae 100644 --- a/south-america/gy.json +++ b/south-america/gy.json @@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ "text": "8.37% (male 29,385/female 33,386)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "7.01% (2020 est.) (male 21,325/female 31,275)" + "text": "7.01% (male 21,325/female 31,275) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1074,7 +1074,7 @@ "text": "after many years of delays and legal challenges, the 2016 Telecommunications Act was brought into force in October 2020 by the newly elected government of the People’s Party Progressive (PPP); the Telecommunications Act sets out a framework for enabling competition across all segments of the telecommunications sector in Guyana; the mobile market has been open to competition since 2001; the Telecommunications Act presents the country with the potential to benefit from a more level playing field that may attract new players, but nevertheless Guyana’s relatively small size and low GDP may restrict it from reaching its full potential for some more years to come (2021)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "fixed-line teledensity is about 18 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity about 83 per 100 persons (2019)" + "text": "fixed-line teledensity is about 16 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity about 83 per 109 persons (2020)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 592; landing point for the SG-SCS submarine cable to Suriname, and the Caribbean; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)" diff --git a/south-america/ns.json b/south-america/ns.json index 4c48b22b..1a8a6725 100644 --- a/south-america/ns.json +++ b/south-america/ns.json @@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ "text": "8.78% (male 26,435/female 27,066)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "6.55% (2020 est.) (male 17,437/female 22,468)" + "text": "6.55% (male 17,437/female 22,468) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/south-america/pa.json b/south-america/pa.json index 55e66c21..ac3e809e 100644 --- a/south-america/pa.json +++ b/south-america/pa.json @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ "text": "8.37% (male 306,100/female 295,890)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "7.88% (2020 est.) (male 267,351/female 299,103)" + "text": "7.88% (male 267,351/female 299,103) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/south-america/pe.json b/south-america/pe.json index 8b8d102f..25c2963a 100644 --- a/south-america/pe.json +++ b/south-america/pe.json @@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ "text": "8.28% (male 1,266,595/female 1,375,708)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "8.05% (2020 est.) (male 1,207,707/female 1,361,276)" + "text": "8.05% (male 1,207,707/female 1,361,276) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/south-america/uy.json b/south-america/uy.json index a0d70495..bac6e6b8 100644 --- a/south-america/uy.json +++ b/south-america/uy.json @@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ "text": "10.79% (male 172,313/female 193,045)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "14.71% (2020 est.) (male 200,516/female 297,838)" + "text": "14.71% (male 200,516/female 297,838) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/south-america/ve.json b/south-america/ve.json index ba734c9c..ca99ab4e 100644 --- a/south-america/ve.json +++ b/south-america/ve.json @@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ "text": "8.76% (male 1,203,430/female 1,305,285)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "8.18% (2020 est.) (male 1,069,262/female 1,272,646)" + "text": "8.18% (male 1,069,262/female 1,272,646) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/south-asia/af.json b/south-asia/af.json index 6d910991..4eb890d2 100644 --- a/south-asia/af.json +++ b/south-asia/af.json @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ "text": "4.01% (male 724,597/female 744,910)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "2.68% (2020 est.) (male 451,852/female 528,831)" + "text": "2.68% (male 451,852/female 528,831) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -1249,7 +1249,7 @@ "note": "note: the Taliban dismissed nearly all women from the former Afghan Government security forces, except those serving in detention facilities and assisting with body searches " }, "Military - note": { - "text": "as of mid-2022, the Taliban’s primary security threats included ISIS-Khorasan and former Afghan Government resistance elements known as the National Resistance Front and Afghanistan Freedom Front" + "text": "as of 2022, the Taliban’s primary security threats included ISIS-Khorasan and anti-Taliban resistance elements known as the National Resistance Front and Afghanistan Freedom Front" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/south-asia/bg.json b/south-asia/bg.json index c2d9f573..1745070c 100644 --- a/south-asia/bg.json +++ b/south-asia/bg.json @@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ "text": "7.41% (male 5,941,825/female 6,115,856)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "6.82% (2020 est.) (male 5,218,206/female 5,879,411)" + "text": "6.82% (male 5,218,206/female 5,879,411) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/south-asia/bt.json b/south-asia/bt.json index 40c6368e..bb6b75a3 100644 --- a/south-asia/bt.json +++ b/south-asia/bt.json @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ "text": "6.39% (male 26,714/female 23,280)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "6.6% (2020 est.) (male 26,797/female 24,821)" + "text": "6.6% (male 26,797/female 24,821) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/south-asia/ce.json b/south-asia/ce.json index 54f26f44..902cfcd2 100644 --- a/south-asia/ce.json +++ b/south-asia/ce.json @@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ "text": "10.48% (male 1,110,481/female 1,288,056)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "10.63% (2020 est.) (male 1,023,315/female 1,410,734)" + "text": "10.63% (male 1,023,315/female 1,410,734) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/south-asia/in.json b/south-asia/in.json index 422693c4..fb54ec66 100644 --- a/south-asia/in.json +++ b/south-asia/in.json @@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Hindi 43.6%, Bengali 8%, Marathi 6.9%, Telugu 6.7%, Tamil 5.7%, Gujarati 4.6%, Urdu 4.2%, Kannada 3.6%, Odia 3.1%, Malayalam 2.9%, Punjabi 2.7%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.1%, other 5.6%; note - English enjoys the status of subsidiary official language but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication; there are 22 other officially recognized languages: Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu; Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India but is not an official language (2011 est.)" + "text": "Hindi 43.6%, Bengali 8%, Marathi 6.9%, Telugu 6.7%, Tamil 5.7%, Gujarati 4.6%, Urdu 4.2%, Kannada 3.6%, Odia 3.1%, Malayalam 2.9%, Punjabi 2.7%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.1%, other 5.6%; note - English enjoys the status of subsidiary official language but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication; there are 22 other officially recognized languages: Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu; Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India but is not an official language (2011 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
विश्व फ़ैक्टबुक, आधारभूत जानकारी का एक अपरिहार्य स्त्रोत  (Hindi)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." @@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ "text": "7.91% (male 52,444,817/female 52,447,038)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "6.72% (2020 est.) (male 42,054,459/female 47,003,975)" + "text": "6.72% (male 42,054,459/female 47,003,975) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { @@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ }, "Mother's mean age at first birth": { "text": "21.2 years (2019/21)", - "note": "note: data represents median age a first birth among women 25-49" + "note": "note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49" }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "145 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)" @@ -1164,7 +1164,7 @@ "text": "India’s telecommunications sector has struggled for growth over the last five years; the sector’s lackluster performance has been in spite of concerted efforts by the government to bolster the underlying infrastructure in a bid to achieve universal coverage; instead, the country’s relatively liberal regulatory environment has encouraged fierce competition and price wars among the operators; State-owned as well as private operators have been forced to seek redress from the government in order to avoid bankruptcy; one particular area of contention has been the billions owed by the operators to the government in the form of Adjusted Gross Revenue (AGR) dues – usage and licensing fees charged by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) – that have been the subject of long-standing court battles over what should be counted as revenue; the government won that battle in the Supreme Court in 2019, but the financial impairment of that decision has pushed a number of telcos to the brink; add the impact of the Covid-19 crisis in 2020 and 2021 to the mix, and the government had to come to the industry’s rescue by introducing a major reform package in September 2021; along with changes to the definition of AGR with regard to non-telecom revenue, the package includes a four-year moratorium on AGR dues and spectrum instalments; the government has also deferred the spectrum auctions for 5G until later in 2022; mobile spectrum in India is already in short supply in terms of providing the necessary capacity to reach universal coverage, but the cash-strapped MNOs may not yet be in a sufficiently strong financial position for which to make the 5G spectrum auction viable (2022)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "fixed-line subscriptions stands at roughly 1 per 100 and mobile-cellular at nearly 84 per 100; mobile cellular service introduced in 1994 and organized nationwide into four metropolitan areas and 19 telecom circles, each with multiple private service providers and one or more state-owned service providers; in recent years significant trunk capacity added in the form of fiber-optic cable and one of the world's largest domestic satellite systems, the Indian National Satellite system (INSAT), with 6 satellites supporting 33,000 (very small aperture terminals) VSAT (2022)" + "text": "fixed-line subscriptions stands at roughly 1 per 100 and mobile-cellular at nearly 84 per 100 (2020)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 91; a number of major international submarine cable systems, including SEA-ME-WE-3 & 4, AAE-1, BBG, EIG, FALCON, FEA, GBICS, MENA, IMEWE, SEACOM/ Tata TGN-Eurasia, SAFE, WARF, Bharat Lanka Cable System, IOX, Chennai-Andaman & Nicobar Island Cable, SAEx2, Tata TGN-Tata Indicom and i2icn that provide connectivity to Europe, Africa, Asia, the Middle East, South East Asia, numerous Indian Ocean islands including Australia ; satellite earth stations - 8 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Inmarsat; Indian Ocean region (2022)" diff --git a/south-asia/io.json b/south-asia/io.json index fb4dc191..71e9a6a6 100644 --- a/south-asia/io.json +++ b/south-asia/io.json @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ "text": "tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds" }, "Terrain": { - "text": "flat and low (most areas do not exceed two m in elevation)" + "text": "flat and low coral atolls (most areas do not exceed two m in elevation); sits atop the submarine volcanic Chagos-Laccadive Ridge" }, "Elevation": { "highest point": { diff --git a/south-asia/mv.json b/south-asia/mv.json index 83c670a3..f531918f 100644 --- a/south-asia/mv.json +++ b/south-asia/mv.json @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ "text": "tropical; hot, humid; dry, northeast monsoon (November to March); rainy, southwest monsoon (June to August)" }, "Terrain": { - "text": "flat, with white sandy beaches" + "text": "flat coral atolls, with white sandy beaches; sits atop the submarine volcanic Chagos-Laccadive Ridge" }, "Elevation": { "highest point": { @@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ "text": "6.91% (male 12,942/female 14,123)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "4.81% (2020 est.) (male 8,417/female 10,432)" + "text": "4.81% (male 8,417/female 10,432) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/south-asia/np.json b/south-asia/np.json index b68acb76..443d5cf7 100644 --- a/south-asia/np.json +++ b/south-asia/np.json @@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ "text": "6.64% (male 954,836/female 1,059,360)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "5.69% (2020 est.) (male 852,969/female 874,092)" + "text": "5.69% (male 852,969/female 874,092) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/south-asia/pk.json b/south-asia/pk.json index 7c9a32a0..878bba69 100644 --- a/south-asia/pk.json +++ b/south-asia/pk.json @@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ "text": "5.55% (male 6,526,656/female 6,423,993)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "4.44% (2020 est.) (male 4,802,165/female 5,570,595)" + "text": "4.44% (male 4,802,165/female 5,570,595) (2020 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { diff --git a/world/xx.json b/world/xx.json index eeccdd03..5bb99df9 100644 --- a/world/xx.json +++ b/world/xx.json @@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ "text": "9.23% (male 351,094,945/female 366,240,730)" }, "65 years and over": { - "text": "9.69% (2021 est.) male 337,244,947/female 415,884,753)" + "text": "9.69% male 337,244,947/female 415,884,753) (2021 est.)" } }, "Dependency ratios": {