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auto-update week 30
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Yo Robot
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"text": "<p>flooding in the northeast (March to April)</p><p><strong>volcanism:</strong> volcanic activity in Andes Mountains on the border with Chile; historically active volcanoes in this region are Irruputuncu (5,163 m), which last erupted in 1995, and the Olca-Paruma volcanic complex (5,762 m to 5,167 m)</p>"
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},
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"Geography - note": {
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"text": "<strong>note 1:</strong> landlocked; shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake (elevation 3,805 m), with Peru<br /><br /><strong>note 2:</strong> the southern regions of Peru and the extreme northwestern part of Bolivia are considered to be the place of origin for the common potato, while southeast Bolivia and northwest Argentina seem to be the original development site for peanuts"
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"text": "<strong>note 1:</strong> landlocked; shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake (elevation 3,805 m), with Peru<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the southern regions of Peru and the extreme northwestern part of Bolivia are considered to be the place of origin for the common potato, while southeast Bolivia and northwest Argentina seem to be the original development site for peanuts"
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}
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},
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"People and Society": {
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"text": "Spanish (official) 60.7%, Quechua (official) 21.2%, Aymara (official) 14.6%, Guarani (official) 0.6%, other native languages 0.4%, foreign languages 2.4%, none 0.1%; note - Bolivia's 2009 constitution designates Spanish and all indigenous languages as official; 36 indigenous languages are specified, including a few that are extinct (2001 est.)"
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},
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"printed major-language sample": {
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"text": "<br />La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
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"text": "<br>La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
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}
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},
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"Religions": {
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"text": "Roman Catholic 76.8%, Evangelical and Pentecostal 8.1%, Protestant 7.9%, other 1.7%, none 5.5% (2012 est.)"
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"text": "Roman Catholic 70%, Evangelical 14.5%, Adventist 2.5%, Mormon 1.2%, agnostic 0.3%, atheist 0.8%, other 3.5%, none 6.6%, unspecified 0.6% (2018 est.)"
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},
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"Demographic profile": {
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"text": "<p>Bolivia ranks at or near the bottom among Latin American countries in several areas of health and development, including poverty, education, fertility, malnutrition, mortality, and life expectancy. On the positive side, more children are being vaccinated and more pregnant women are getting prenatal care and having skilled health practitioners attend their births.</p><p>Bolivia’s income inequality is the highest in Latin America and one of the highest in the world. Public education is of poor quality, and educational opportunities are among the most unevenly distributed in Latin America, with girls and indigenous and rural children less likely to be literate or to complete primary school. The lack of access to education and family planning services helps to sustain Bolivia’s high fertility rate—approximately three children per woman. Bolivia’s lack of clean water and basic sanitation, especially in rural areas, contributes to health problems.</p><p>Between 7% and 16% of Bolivia’s population lives abroad (estimates vary in part because of illegal migration). Emigrants primarily seek jobs and better wages in Argentina (the principal destination), the US, and Spain. In recent years, more restrictive immigration policies in Europe and the US have increased the flow of Bolivian emigrants to neighboring countries. Fewer Bolivians migrated to Brazil in 2015 and 2016 because of its recession; increasing numbers have been going to Chile, mainly to work as miners.</p>"
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@ -301,13 +301,13 @@
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}
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
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"text": "0.2% (2019 est.)"
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"text": "0.2% (2020 est.)"
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
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"text": "19,000 (2019 est.)"
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"text": "17,000 (2020 est.)"
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
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"text": "<200 (2019 est.)"
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"text": "<200 (2020 est.)"
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},
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"Major infectious diseases": {
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"degree of risk": {
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"time difference": {
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"text": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
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},
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"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> La Paz is a shortening of the original name of the city, Nuestra Senora de La Paz (<span lang=\"en\">Our Lady of Peace</span>); Sucre is named after Antonio Jose de Sucre (1795-1830), military hero in the independence struggle from Spain and the second president of Bolivia<br /><strong><br />note:</strong> at approximately 3,630 m above sea level, La Paz's elevation makes it the highest capital city in the world"
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"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> La Paz is a shortening of the original name of the city, Nuestra Senora de La Paz (Our Lady of Peace); Sucre is named after Antonio Jose de Sucre (1795-1830), military hero in the independence struggle from Spain and the second president of Bolivia<br><strong><br>note:</strong> at approximately 3,630 m above sea level, La Paz's elevation makes it the highest capital city in the world"
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},
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"Administrative divisions": {
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"text": "9 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Beni, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Oruro, Pando, Potosi, Santa Cruz, Tarija"
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"text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot one of 3 ways: candidate wins at least 50% of the vote, or at least 40% of the vote and 10% more than the next highest candidate; otherwise a second round is held and the winner determined by simple majority vote; president and vice president are elected by majority vote to serve a 5-year term; no term limits (changed from two consecutive term limit by Constitutional Court in late 2017); election last held on 18 October 2020 (next to be held in October 2025)"
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},
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"election results": {
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"text": "<br /><em>2020:</em> Luis Alberto ARCE Catacora elected president; percent of vote - Luis Alberto ARCE Catacora (MAS) 55.1%; Carlos Diego MESA Gisbert (CC) 28.8%; Luis Fernando CAMACHO Vaca (Creemos) 14%; other 2.1%<br /><br /><em>2018:</em> Juan Evo MORALES Ayma reelected president; percent of vote - Juan Evo MORALES Ayma (MAS) 61%; Samuel DORIA MEDINA Arana (UN) 24.5%; Jorge QUIROGA Ramirez (POC) 9.1%; other 5.4%; note - MORALES resigned from office on 10 November 2019 over alleged election rigging; resignations of all his constitutionally designated successors followed, including the Vice President, President of the Senate, President of the Chamber of Deputies, and First Vice President of the Senate, leaving the Second Vice President of the Senate, Jeanine ANEZ Chavez, the highest-ranking official still in office; her appointment to the presidency was endorsed by Bolivia's Constitutional Court, and she served as interim president until the inauguration of Luis Alberto ARCE Catacora, winner of the 18 October 2020 presidential election"
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"text": "<br><em>2020:</em> Luis Alberto ARCE Catacora elected president; percent of vote - Luis Alberto ARCE Catacora (MAS) 55.1%; Carlos Diego MESA Gisbert (CC) 28.8%; Luis Fernando CAMACHO Vaca (Creemos) 14%; other 2.1%<br><br><em>2018:</em> Juan Evo MORALES Ayma reelected president; percent of vote - Juan Evo MORALES Ayma (MAS) 61%; Samuel DORIA MEDINA Arana (UN) 24.5%; Jorge QUIROGA Ramirez (POC) 9.1%; other 5.4%; note - MORALES resigned from office on 10 November 2019 over alleged election rigging; resignations of all his constitutionally designated successors followed, including the Vice President, President of the Senate, President of the Chamber of Deputies, and First Vice President of the Senate, leaving the Second Vice President of the Senate, Jeanine ANEZ Chavez, the highest-ranking official still in office; her appointment to the presidency was endorsed by Bolivia's Constitutional Court, and she served as interim president until the inauguration of Luis Alberto ARCE Catacora, winner of the 18 October 2020 presidential election"
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}
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},
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"Legislative branch": {
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"description": {
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"text": "bicameral Plurinational Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional consists of:<br />Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (36 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)<br />Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (130 seats; 70 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 53 directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote, and 7 - apportioned to non-contiguous, rural areas in 7 of the 9 states - directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
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"text": "bicameral Plurinational Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional consists of:<br>Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (36 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)<br>Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (130 seats; 70 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 53 directly elected in single-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote, and 7 (apportioned to non-contiguous, rural areas in 7 of the 9 states) directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
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},
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"elections": {
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"text": "<br />Chamber of Senators - last held on 18 October 2020 (next to be held in 2025)<br />Chamber of Deputies - last held on 18 October 2020 (next to be held in 2025)"
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"text": "<br>Chamber of Senators - last held on 18 October 2020 (next to be held in 2025)<br>Chamber of Deputies - last held on 18 October 2020 (next to be held in 2025)"
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},
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"election results": {
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"text": "<br />Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MAS 21, ACC 11, Creemos 4; <br />Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MAS 75, ACC 39, Creemos 16"
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"text": "<br>Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MAS 21, ACC 11, Creemos 4; <br>Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MAS 75, ACC 39, Creemos 16"
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}
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},
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"Judicial branch": {
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}
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},
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"Political parties and leaders": {
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"text": "Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Jorge Fernando QUIROGA Ramirez]<br />Community Citizen Alliance or ACC [Carlos Diego MESA Gisbert]<br />Movement Toward Socialism or MAS [Juan Evo MORALES Ayma]<br />National Unity or UN [Samuel DORIA MEDINA Arana]<br />Social Democrat Movement or MDS [Ruben COSTAS Aguilera]<br />We Believe or Creemos [Luis Fernando CAMACHO Vaca]<br><br><em>note:</em> the Democrat Unity Coalition or UD [Samuel DORIA MEDINA Arana] was a coalition comprised of several of the largest opposition parties participating in the 2014 election, which included the Democrats (MDS), National Unity Front (UN), and Without Fear Movement",
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"text": "Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Jorge Fernando QUIROGA Ramirez]<br>Community Citizen Alliance or ACC [Carlos Diego MESA Gisbert]<br>Movement Toward Socialism or MAS [Juan Evo MORALES Ayma]<br>National Unity or UN [Samuel DORIA MEDINA Arana]<br>Social Democrat Movement or MDS [Ruben COSTAS Aguilera]<br>We Believe or Creemos [Luis Fernando CAMACHO Vaca]<br><br><em>note:</em> the Democrat Unity Coalition or UD [Samuel DORIA MEDINA Arana] was a coalition comprised of several of the largest opposition parties participating in the 2014 election, which included the Democrats (MDS), National Unity Front (UN), and Without Fear Movement",
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"note": "<em>note:</em> the Democrat Unity Coalition or UD [Samuel DORIA MEDINA Arana] was a coalition comprised of several of the largest opposition parties participating in the 2014 election, which included the Democrats (MDS), National Unity Front (UN), and Without Fear Movement"
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},
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"International organization participation": {
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},
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"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
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"chief of mission": {
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"text": "Ambassador Walter Oscar SERRATE CUELLAR (since 2 December 2019)"
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"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Alejandro Roberto BILBAO LA VIEJA RUIZ, First Secretary (since 6 July 2021)"
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},
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"chancery": {
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"text": "3014 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20008"
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},
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"Telecommunication systems": {
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"general assessment": {
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"text": "<p>with low national GDP and remote landlocked geography, Bolivia’s telecom services are historically expensive and neglected resulting in low penetration; fixed telecom market is provided by non-profit cooperatives focused on improvement of services such as broadband and paid TV services; some operators adopted fixed-wireless technologies and fiber-optic capacity; fixed broadband services migrating from DSL to fiber remain expensive and largely unavailable in many areas; historically relied on satellite services or terrestrial links and inaugurated a new cable running via Peru to the Pacific; operator aims to increase coverage through mobile networks for voice and data access, especially to rural areas; space agency plans to boost satellite-based Internet; in 2020, communications towers in Yapacani were destroyed due to pandemic conspiracy fears; importer of broadcasting equipment from China (2021)</p> (2020)"
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"text": "<p>with low national GDP and remote landlocked geography, Bolivia’s telecom services are historically expensive and neglected resulting in low penetration; fixed telecom market is provided by non-profit cooperatives focused on improvement of services such as broadband and paid TV services; some operators adopted fixed-wireless technologies and fiber-optic capacity; fixed broadband services migrating from DSL to fiber remain expensive and largely unavailable in many areas; historically relied on satellite services or terrestrial links and inaugurated a new cable running via Peru to the Pacific; operator aims to increase coverage through mobile networks for voice and data access, especially to rural areas; space agency plans to boost satellite-based Internet; in 2020, communications towers in Yapacani were destroyed due to pandemic conspiracy fears; importer of broadcasting equipment from China (2021)</p> (2020)"
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},
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"domestic": {
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"text": "6 per 100 fixed-line, mobile-cellular telephone use expanding rapidly and teledensity stands at 101 per 100 persons; most telephones are concentrated in La Paz, Santa Cruz, and other capital cities (2019)"
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