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29
south-america/ar.json
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@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
"text": "<p>San Miguel de Tucuman and Mendoza areas in the Andes subject to earthquakes; pamperos are violent windstorms that can strike the pampas and northeast; heavy flooding in some areas</p><p><strong>volcanism:</strong> volcanic activity in the Andes Mountains along the Chilean border; Copahue (2,997 m) last erupted in 2000; other historically active volcanoes include Llullaillaco, Maipo, Planchon-Peteroa, San Jose, Tromen, Tupungatito, and Viedma</p>"
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "<strong>note 1:</strong> second-largest country in South America (after Brazil); strategic location relative to sea lanes between the South Atlantic and the South Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage); diverse geophysical landscapes range from tropical climates in the north to tundra in the far south; Cerro Aconcagua is the Western Hemisphere's tallest mountain, while Laguna del Carbon is the lowest point in the Western Hemisphere; shares Iguazu Falls, the world's largest waterfalls system, with Brazil<br /><br /><strong>note 2: </strong>southeast Bolivia and northwest Argentina seem to be the original development site for peanuts"
"text": "<strong>note 1:</strong> second-largest country in South America (after Brazil); strategic location relative to sea lanes between the South Atlantic and the South Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage); diverse geophysical landscapes range from tropical climates in the north to tundra in the far south; Cerro Aconcagua is the Western Hemisphere's tallest mountain, while Laguna del Carbon is the lowest point in the Western Hemisphere; shares Iguazu Falls, the world's largest waterfalls system, with Brazil<br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>southeast Bolivia and northwest Argentina seem to be the original development site for peanuts"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
"text": "Spanish (official), Italian, English, German, French, indigenous (Mapudungun, Quechua)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de informaci&oacute;n b&aacute;sica. (Spanish)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -255,7 +255,8 @@
"text": "2.2 children born/woman (2021 est.)"
},
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
"text": "81.3% (2013)"
"text": "81.3% (2013)<br><br><strong>note:</strong>  percent of women aged 14-49",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong>  percent of women aged 14-49"
},
"Drinking water source": {
"improved: urban": {
@ -295,16 +296,16 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "0.4% (2019 est.)"
"text": "0.4% (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "140,000 (2019 est.)"
"text": "140,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "1,400 (2019 est.)"
"text": "1,400 (2020 est.)"
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Argentina; as of 6 June 2021, Argentina has reported a total of 3,915,397<span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> </span>cases of COVID-19 or 8,663.2 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 177.9 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 14 June 2021, 28.86% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Argentina; as of 19 July 2021, Argentina has reported a total of 4,756,378 cases of COVID-19 or 10,523.94 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 224.69 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 48.74% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "28.3% (2016)"
@ -431,7 +432,7 @@
}
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Argentina; as of 6 June 2021, Argentina has reported a total of 3,915,397<span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> </span>cases of COVID-19 or 8,663.2 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 177.9 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 14 June 2021, 28.86% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Argentina; as of 19 July 2021, Argentina has reported a total of 4,756,378 cases of COVID-19 or 10,523.94 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 224.69 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 48.74% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
},
"Waste and recycling": {
"municipal solid waste generated annually": {
@ -533,18 +534,18 @@
"text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by qualified majority vote (to win, a candidate must receive at least 45% of votes or 40% of votes and a 10-point lead over the second place candidate; if neither occurs, a second round is held ); the president serves a 4-year term (eligible for a second consecutive term); election last held on 27 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br /><em>2019:</em> Alberto Angel FERNANDEZ elected president; percent of vote - Alberto Angel FERNANDEZ (TODOS) 48.1%, Mauricio MACRI (PRO) 40.4%, Roberto LAVAGNA (independent) 6.2%, other 5.3%<br /><br /><em>2015:</em> Mauricio MACRI elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Daniel SCIOLI (PJ) 37.1%, Mauricio MACRI (PRO) 34.2%, Sergio MASSA (FR/PJ) 21.4%, other 7.3%; percent of vote in second round - Mauricio MACRI (PRO) 51.4%, Daniel SCIOLI (PJ) 48.6%"
"text": "<br><em>2019:</em> Alberto Angel FERNANDEZ elected president; percent of vote - Alberto Angel FERNANDEZ (TODOS) 48.1%, Mauricio MACRI (PRO) 40.4%, Roberto LAVAGNA (independent) 6.2%, other 5.3%<br><br><em>2015:</em> Mauricio MACRI elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Daniel SCIOLI (PJ) 37.1%, Mauricio MACRI (PRO) 34.2%, Sergio MASSA (FR/PJ) 21.4%, other 7.3%; percent of vote in second round - Mauricio MACRI (PRO) 51.4%, Daniel SCIOLI (PJ) 48.6%"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of:<br />Senate (72 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 6-year terms with one-third of the membership elected every 2 years)<br />Chamber of Deputies (257 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 2 years)"
"text": "bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of:<br>Senate (72 seats; members directly elected on a provincial basis with 2 seats awarded to the party with the most votes and 1 seat to the party with the second highest number of votes; members serve 6-year terms with one-third of the membership renewed every 2 years)<br>Chamber of Deputies (257 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote using the D'Hondt method; members serve 4-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 2 years)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br />Senate - last held on 27 October 2019 (next to be held on 24 October 2021)<br />Chamber of Deputies - last held on 27 October 2019 (next to be held on 24 October 2021)"
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 27 October 2019 (next to be held on 24 October 2021)<br>Chamber of Deputies - last held on 27 October 2019 (next to be held on 24 October 2021)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by bloc or party - NA; seats by bloc or party - TODOS 13, Cambiemos 8, FCS 2, JSRN 1; <br />Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by bloc or party - NA; seats by bloc or party - TODOS 64, Cambiemos 56, CF 3, FCS 3, JSRN 1, other 3"
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by bloc or party - NA; seats by bloc or party - TODOS 13, Cambiemos 8, FCS 2, JSRN 1; <br>Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by bloc or party - NA; seats by bloc or party - TODOS 64, Cambiemos 56, CF 3, FCS 3, JSRN 1, other 3"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -559,7 +560,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Argentina Federal [coalition led by Pablo KOSINER]<br /> Cambiemos [Mauricio MACRI] (coalition of CC-ARI, PRO, and UCR)<br />Citizen's Unity or UC [Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER]<br />Civic Coalition ARI or CC-ARI [Elisa CARRIO, Maximiliano FERRARO]<br />Civic Front for Santiago or FCS [Gerardo ZAMORA]<br />Everyone's Front (Frente de Todos) or TODOS [Alberto Angel FERNANDEZ]<br />Federal Consensus or CF [Roberto LAVAGNA, Juan Manuel URTUBEY]<br />Front for the Renewal of Concord or FRC<br />Front for Victory or FpV [coalition led by Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER and Agustin ROSSI] <br />Generation for a National Encounter or GEN [Monica PERALTA]<br />Justicialist Party or PJ [Miguel Angel PICHETTO]<br />Radical Civic Union or UCR [Alfredo CORNEJO]<br />Renewal Front (Frente Renovador) or FR [Sergio MASSA]<br />Republican Proposal or PRO [Mauricio MACRI, Humberto SCHIAVONI]<br />Socialist Party or PS [Antonio BONFATTI]<br />Socialist Workers&rsquo; Party or PTS [Jose MONTES]<br />Together We Are Rio Negro or JSRN [Alberto Edgardo WERETILNECK]<br />We Do For Cordoba (Hacemos Por Cordoba) or HC [Juan SCHIARETTI]<br />Workers' Party or PO [Jorge ALTAMIRA]<br />Worker&rsquo;s Socialist Movement or MST [Alejandro BODDART; Vilma RIPOLL]<br />numerous provincial parties"
"text": "Argentina Federal [coalition led by Pablo KOSINER]<br> Cambiemos [Mauricio MACRI] (coalition of CC-ARI, PRO, and UCR)<br>Citizen's Unity or UC [Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER]<br>Civic Coalition ARI or CC-ARI [Elisa CARRIO, Maximiliano FERRARO]<br>Civic Front for Santiago or FCS [Gerardo ZAMORA]<br>Everyone's Front (Frente de Todos) or TODOS [Alberto Angel FERNANDEZ]<br>Federal Consensus or CF [Roberto LAVAGNA, Juan Manuel URTUBEY]<br>Front for the Renewal of Concord or FRC<br>Front for Victory or FpV [coalition led by Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER and Agustin ROSSI] <br>Generation for a National Encounter or GEN [Monica PERALTA]<br>Justicialist Party or PJ [Miguel Angel PICHETTO]<br>Radical Civic Union or UCR [Alfredo CORNEJO]<br>Renewal Front (Frente Renovador) or FR [Sergio MASSA]<br>Republican Proposal or PRO [Mauricio MACRI, Humberto SCHIAVONI]<br>Socialist Party or PS [Antonio BONFATTI]<br>Socialist Workers’ Party or PTS [Jose MONTES]<br>Together We Are Rio Negro or JSRN [Alberto Edgardo WERETILNECK]<br>We Do For Cordoba (Hacemos Por Cordoba) or HC [Juan SCHIARETTI]<br>Workers' Party or PO [Jorge ALTAMIRA]<br>Worker’s Socialist Movement or MST [Alejandro BODDART; Vilma RIPOLL]<br>numerous provincial parties"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BCIE, BIS, CAN (associate), CD, CELAC, FAO, FATF, G-15, G-20, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Paris Club (associate), PCA, SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina (observer), UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@ -1162,7 +1163,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "assessments for the size of Argentina's armed forces vary; approximately 84,000 total personnel (50,000 Army; 19,000 Navy (includes about 3,000 marines); 15,000 Air Force); est. 25,000 Gendarmerie (2020)"
"text": "information varies; approximately 83,000 active duty personnel (50,000 Army; 18,000 Navy (includes about 3,000 marines); 15,000 Air Force); est. 20,000 Gendarmerie (2020)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the inventory of Argentina's armed forces is a mix of domestically-produced and mostly older imported weapons, largely from Europe and the US; since 2010, France and the US are the leading suppliers of equipment; Argentina has an indigenous defense industry that can produce air, land, and sea systems (2020)"

28
south-america/bl.json
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@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
"text": "<p>flooding in the northeast (March to April)</p><p><strong>volcanism:</strong> volcanic activity in Andes Mountains on the border with Chile; historically active volcanoes in this region are Irruputuncu (5,163 m), which last erupted in 1995, and the Olca-Paruma volcanic complex (5,762 m to 5,167 m)</p>"
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "<strong>note 1:</strong> landlocked; shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake (elevation 3,805 m), with Peru<br /><br /><strong>note 2:</strong> the southern regions of Peru and the extreme northwestern part of Bolivia are considered to be the place of origin for the common potato, while southeast Bolivia and northwest Argentina seem to be the original development site for peanuts"
"text": "<strong>note 1:</strong> landlocked; shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake (elevation 3,805 m), with Peru<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the southern regions of Peru and the extreme northwestern part of Bolivia are considered to be the place of origin for the common potato, while southeast Bolivia and northwest Argentina seem to be the original development site for peanuts"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -116,11 +116,11 @@
"text": "Spanish (official) 60.7%, Quechua (official) 21.2%, Aymara (official) 14.6%, Guarani (official) 0.6%, other native languages 0.4%, foreign languages 2.4%, none 0.1%; note -&nbsp;Bolivia's 2009 constitution designates Spanish and all indigenous languages as official; 36 indigenous languages are specified, including a few that are extinct (2001 est.)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de informaci&oacute;n b&aacute;sica. (Spanish)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Roman Catholic 76.8%, Evangelical and Pentecostal 8.1%, Protestant 7.9%, other 1.7%, none 5.5% (2012 est.)"
"text": "Roman Catholic 70%, Evangelical 14.5%, Adventist 2.5%, Mormon 1.2%, agnostic 0.3%, atheist 0.8%, other 3.5%, none 6.6%, unspecified 0.6% (2018 est.)"
},
"Demographic profile": {
"text": "<p>Bolivia ranks at or near the bottom among Latin American countries in several areas of health and development, including poverty, education, fertility, malnutrition, mortality, and life expectancy. On the positive side, more children are being vaccinated and more pregnant women are getting prenatal care and having skilled health practitioners attend their births.</p><p>Bolivia’s income inequality is the highest in Latin America and one of the highest in the world. Public education is of poor quality, and educational opportunities are among the most unevenly distributed in Latin America, with girls and indigenous and rural children less likely to be literate or to complete primary school. The lack of access to education and family planning services helps to sustain Bolivia’s high fertility rate—approximately three children per woman. Bolivia’s lack of clean water and basic sanitation, especially in rural areas, contributes to health problems.</p><p>Between 7% and 16% of Bolivia’s population lives abroad (estimates vary in part because of illegal migration). Emigrants primarily seek jobs and better wages in Argentina (the principal destination), the US, and Spain. In recent years, more restrictive immigration policies in Europe and the US have increased the flow of Bolivian emigrants to neighboring countries. Fewer Bolivians migrated to Brazil in 2015 and 2016 because of its recession; increasing numbers have been going to Chile, mainly to work as miners.</p>"
@ -301,13 +301,13 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "0.2% (2019 est.)"
"text": "0.2% (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "19,000 (2019 est.)"
"text": "17,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "<200 (2019 est.)"
"text": "<200 (2020 est.)"
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"degree of risk": {
@ -487,7 +487,7 @@
"time difference": {
"text": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
},
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> La Paz is a shortening of the original name of the city, Nuestra Senora de La Paz (<span lang=\"en\">Our Lady of Peace</span>); Sucre is named after Antonio Jose de Sucre (1795-1830), military hero in the independence struggle from Spain and the second president of Bolivia<br /><strong><br />note:</strong> at approximately 3,630 m above sea level, La Paz's elevation makes it the highest capital city in the world"
"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> La Paz is a shortening of the original name of the city, Nuestra Senora de La Paz (Our Lady of Peace); Sucre is named after Antonio Jose de Sucre (1795-1830), military hero in the independence struggle from Spain and the second president of Bolivia<br><strong><br>note:</strong> at approximately 3,630 m above sea level, La Paz's elevation makes it the highest capital city in the world"
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "9 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Beni, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Oruro, Pando, Potosi, Santa Cruz, Tarija"
@ -543,18 +543,18 @@
"text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot one of 3 ways: candidate wins at least 50% of the vote, or at least 40% of the vote and 10% more than the next highest candidate; otherwise a second round is held and the winner determined by simple majority vote; president and vice president are elected by majority vote to serve a 5-year term; no term limits (changed from two consecutive term limit by Constitutional Court in late 2017); election last held on 18 October 2020 (next to be held in October 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br /><em>2020:</em> Luis Alberto ARCE Catacora elected president; percent of vote - Luis Alberto ARCE Catacora (MAS) 55.1%; Carlos Diego MESA Gisbert (CC) 28.8%; Luis Fernando CAMACHO Vaca (Creemos) 14%; other 2.1%<br /><br /><em>2018:</em> Juan Evo MORALES Ayma reelected president; percent of vote - Juan Evo MORALES Ayma (MAS) 61%; Samuel DORIA MEDINA Arana (UN) 24.5%; Jorge QUIROGA Ramirez (POC) 9.1%; other 5.4%; note - MORALES resigned from office on 10 November 2019 over alleged election rigging; resignations of all his constitutionally designated successors followed, including the Vice President, President of the Senate, President of the Chamber of Deputies, and First Vice President of the Senate, leaving the Second Vice President of the Senate, Jeanine ANEZ Chavez, the highest-ranking official still in office; her appointment to the presidency was endorsed by Bolivia's Constitutional Court, and she served as interim president until the inauguration of Luis Alberto ARCE Catacora, winner of the 18 October 2020 presidential election"
"text": "<br><em>2020:</em> Luis Alberto ARCE Catacora elected president; percent of vote - Luis Alberto ARCE Catacora (MAS) 55.1%; Carlos Diego MESA Gisbert (CC) 28.8%; Luis Fernando CAMACHO Vaca (Creemos) 14%; other 2.1%<br><br><em>2018:</em> Juan Evo MORALES Ayma reelected president; percent of vote - Juan Evo MORALES Ayma (MAS) 61%; Samuel DORIA MEDINA Arana (UN) 24.5%; Jorge QUIROGA Ramirez (POC) 9.1%; other 5.4%; note - MORALES resigned from office on 10 November 2019 over alleged election rigging; resignations of all his constitutionally designated successors followed, including the Vice President, President of the Senate, President of the Chamber of Deputies, and First Vice President of the Senate, leaving the Second Vice President of the Senate, Jeanine ANEZ Chavez, the highest-ranking official still in office; her appointment to the presidency was endorsed by Bolivia's Constitutional Court, and she served as interim president until the inauguration of Luis Alberto ARCE Catacora, winner of the 18 October 2020 presidential election"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Plurinational Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional consists of:<br />Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (36 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)<br />Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (130 seats; 70 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 53 directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote, and 7 - apportioned to non-contiguous, rural areas in 7 of the 9 states - directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
"text": "bicameral Plurinational Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional consists of:<br>Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (36 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)<br>Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (130 seats; 70 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 53 directly elected in single-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote, and 7 (apportioned to non-contiguous, rural areas in 7 of the 9 states) directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br />Chamber of Senators - last held on 18 October 2020 (next to be held in 2025)<br />Chamber of Deputies - last held on 18 October 2020 (next to be held in 2025)"
"text": "<br>Chamber of Senators - last held on 18 October 2020 (next to be held in 2025)<br>Chamber of Deputies - last held on 18 October 2020 (next to be held in 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br />Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MAS 21, ACC 11, Creemos 4; <br />Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MAS 75, ACC 39, Creemos 16"
"text": "<br>Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MAS 21, ACC 11, Creemos 4; <br>Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MAS 75, ACC 39, Creemos 16"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -569,7 +569,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Jorge Fernando QUIROGA Ramirez]<br />Community Citizen Alliance or ACC [Carlos Diego MESA Gisbert]<br />Movement Toward Socialism or MAS [Juan Evo MORALES Ayma]<br />National Unity or UN [Samuel DORIA MEDINA Arana]<br />Social Democrat Movement or MDS [Ruben COSTAS Aguilera]<br />We Believe or Creemos [Luis Fernando CAMACHO Vaca]<br><br><em>note:</em> the Democrat Unity Coalition or UD [Samuel DORIA MEDINA Arana] was a coalition comprised of several of the largest opposition parties participating in the 2014 election, which included the Democrats (MDS), National Unity Front (UN), and Without Fear Movement",
"text": "Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Jorge Fernando QUIROGA Ramirez]<br>Community Citizen Alliance or ACC [Carlos Diego MESA Gisbert]<br>Movement Toward Socialism or MAS [Juan Evo MORALES Ayma]<br>National Unity or UN [Samuel DORIA MEDINA Arana]<br>Social Democrat Movement or MDS [Ruben COSTAS Aguilera]<br>We Believe or Creemos [Luis Fernando CAMACHO Vaca]<br><br><em>note:</em> the Democrat Unity Coalition or UD [Samuel DORIA MEDINA Arana] was a coalition comprised of several of the largest opposition parties participating in the 2014 election, which included the Democrats (MDS), National Unity Front (UN), and Without Fear Movement",
"note": "<em>note:</em> the Democrat Unity Coalition or UD [Samuel DORIA MEDINA Arana] was a coalition comprised of several of the largest opposition parties participating in the 2014 election, which included the Democrats (MDS), National Unity Front (UN), and Without Fear Movement"
},
"International organization participation": {
@ -577,7 +577,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Walter Oscar SERRATE CUELLAR (since 2 December 2019)"
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Alejandro Roberto BILBAO LA VIEJA RUIZ, First Secretary (since 6 July 2021)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "3014 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20008"
@ -1002,7 +1002,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "<p>with low national GDP and remote landlocked geography, Bolivia&rsquo;s telecom services are historically expensive and neglected resulting in low penetration; fixed telecom market is provided by non-profit cooperatives focused on improvement of services such as broadband and paid TV services; some operators adopted fixed-wireless technologies and fiber-optic capacity; fixed broadband services migrating from DSL to fiber remain expensive and largely unavailable in many areas; historically relied on satellite services or terrestrial links and inaugurated a new cable running via Peru to the Pacific; operator aims to increase coverage through mobile networks for voice and data access, especially to rural areas; space agency plans to boost satellite-based Internet; in 2020, communications towers in Yapacani were destroyed due to pandemic conspiracy fears; importer of broadcasting equipment from China (2021)</p> (2020)"
"text": "<p>with low national GDP and remote landlocked geography, Bolivia’s telecom services are historically expensive and neglected resulting in low penetration; fixed telecom market is provided by non-profit cooperatives focused on improvement of services such as broadband and paid TV services; some operators adopted fixed-wireless technologies and fiber-optic capacity; fixed broadband services migrating from DSL to fiber remain expensive and largely unavailable in many areas; historically relied on satellite services or terrestrial links and inaugurated a new cable running via Peru to the Pacific; operator aims to increase coverage through mobile networks for voice and data access, especially to rural areas; space agency plans to boost satellite-based Internet; in 2020, communications towers in Yapacani were destroyed due to pandemic conspiracy fears; importer of broadcasting equipment from China (2021)</p> (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "6 per 100 fixed-line, mobile-cellular telephone use expanding rapidly and teledensity stands at&nbsp;101 per 100 persons; most telephones are concentrated in La Paz, Santa Cruz, and other capital cities (2019)"

35
south-america/br.json
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@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
"text": "recurring droughts in northeast; floods and occasional frost in south"
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "<strong>note 1:</strong> largest country in South America and in the Southern Hemisphere; shares common boundaries with every South American country except Chile and Ecuador; most of the Pantanal, the world's largest tropical wetland, extends through the west central part of the country; shares Iguazu Falls, the world's largest waterfalls system, with Argentina<br /><br /><strong>note 2:</strong> cassava (manioc) the sixth most important food crop in the world - after maize, rice, wheat, potatoes, and soybeans - seems to have originated in the west-central part of Brazil; pineapples are probably indigenous to the southern Brazil-Paraguay region"
"text": "<strong>note 1:</strong> largest country in South America and in the Southern Hemisphere; shares common boundaries with every South American country except Chile and Ecuador; most of the Pantanal, the world's largest tropical wetland, extends through the west central part of the country; shares Iguazu Falls, the world's largest waterfalls system, with Argentina<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> cassava (manioc) the sixth most important food crop in the world - after maize, rice, wheat, potatoes, and soybeans - seems to have originated in the west-central part of Brazil; pineapples are probably indigenous to the southern Brazil-Paraguay region"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -127,7 +127,7 @@
"text": "Portuguese (official and most widely spoken language); note - less common languages include Spanish (border areas and schools), German, Italian, Japanese, English, and a large number of minor Amerindian languages"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />O Livro de Fatos Mundiais, a fonte indispens&aacute;vel para informa&ccedil;&atilde;o b&aacute;sica. (Brazilian Portuguese)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>O Livro de Fatos Mundiais, a fonte indispensável para informação básica. (Brazilian Portuguese)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -256,7 +256,8 @@
"text": "1.73 children born/woman (2021 est.)"
},
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
"text": "80.2% (2013)"
"text": "80.2% (2013)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> percent of women aged 18-49",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> percent of women aged 18-49"
},
"Drinking water source": {
"improved: urban": {
@ -308,13 +309,13 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "0.5% (2018 est.)"
"text": "0.6% (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "920,000 (2019 est.)"
"text": "930,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "14,000 (2019 est.)"
"text": "13,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"degree of risk": {
@ -329,7 +330,7 @@
"water contact diseases": {
"text": "schistosomiasis"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Brazil; as of 6 June 2021, Brazil has reported a total of 16,841,408<span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> </span>cases of COVID-19 or 7,923.2&nbsp; cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 221.5 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 14 June 2021, 25.98% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Brazil; as of 20 July 2021, Brazil has reported a total of 19,376,574 cases of COVID-19 or 9,115.84  cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 255.09 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 18 July 2021, 44.26% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "22.1% (2016)"
@ -465,7 +466,7 @@
"water contact diseases": {
"text": "schistosomiasis"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Brazil; as of 6 June 2021, Brazil has reported a total of 16,841,408<span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> </span>cases of COVID-19 or 7,923.2&nbsp; cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 221.5 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 14 June 2021, 25.98% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Brazil; as of 20 July 2021, Brazil has reported a total of 19,376,574 cases of COVID-19 or 9,115.84  cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 255.09 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 18 July 2021, 44.26% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
},
"Waste and recycling": {
"municipal solid waste generated annually": {
@ -510,7 +511,7 @@
"time difference": {
"text": "UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
},
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>Brazil has four time zones, including one for the Fernando de Noronha Islands<strong><br /><br />etymology: </strong>name bestowed on the new capital of Brazil upon its inauguration in 1960; previous Brazilian capitals had been Salvador from 1549 to 1763 and Rio de Janeiro from 1763 to 1960<strong><br /><br /><br /></strong>"
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>Brazil has four time zones, including one for the Fernando de Noronha Islands<strong><br><br>etymology: </strong>name bestowed on the new capital of Brazil upon its inauguration in 1960; previous Brazilian capitals had been Salvador from 1549 to 1763 and Rio de Janeiro from 1763 to 1960<strong><br><br><br></strong>"
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "26 states (estados, singular - estado) and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Acre, Alagoas, Amapa, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceara, Distrito Federal*, Espirito Santo, Goias, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Para, Paraiba, Parana, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondonia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Sergipe, Tocantins"
@ -566,18 +567,18 @@
"text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a single 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 7 October 2018 with runoff on 28 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2022)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br /><em>2018:&nbsp;</em> Jair BOLSONARO elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Jair BOLSONARO (PSL) 46%, Fernando HADDAD (PT) 29.3%, Ciro GOMEZ (PDT) 12.5%, Geraldo ALCKMIN (PSDB) 4.8%, other 7.4%; percent of vote in second round - Jair BOLSONARO (PSL) 55.1%, Fernando HADDAD (PT) 44.9%<br /><br /><em>2014:&nbsp; </em>Dilma ROUSSEFF reelected president in second round; percent of vote - Dilma ROUSSEFF (PT) 51.6%, Aecio NEVES (PSDB) 48.4%; note - on 12 May 2016, Brazil's Senate voted to hold an impeachment trial of President Dilma ROUSSEFF, who was then suspended from her executive duties; Vice President Michel TEMER took over as acting president; on 31 August 2016 the Senate voted 61-20 in favor of conviction and her removal from office; TEMER served as president for the remainder of ROUSSEFF's term, which ended 1 January 2019"
"text": "<br><em>2018: </em> Jair BOLSONARO elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Jair BOLSONARO (PSL) 46%, Fernando HADDAD (PT) 29.3%, Ciro GOMEZ (PDT) 12.5%, Geraldo ALCKMIN (PSDB) 4.8%, other 7.4%; percent of vote in second round - Jair BOLSONARO (PSL) 55.1%, Fernando HADDAD (PT) 44.9%<br><br><em>2014:  </em>Dilma ROUSSEFF reelected president in second round; percent of vote - Dilma ROUSSEFF (PT) 51.6%, Aecio NEVES (PSDB) 48.4%; note - on 12 May 2016, Brazil's Senate voted to hold an impeachment trial of President Dilma ROUSSEFF, who was then suspended from her executive duties; Vice President Michel TEMER took over as acting president; on 31 August 2016 the Senate voted 61-20 in favor of conviction and her removal from office; TEMER served as president for the remainder of ROUSSEFF's term, which ended 1 January 2019"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral National Congress or Congresso Nacional consists of:<br />Federal Senate or Senado Federal (81 seats; 3 members each from 26 states and 3 from the federal district directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 8-year terms, with one-third and two-thirds of the membership elected alternately every 4 years)<br /> Chamber of Deputies or Camara dos Deputados (513 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)"
"text": "bicameral National Congress or Congresso Nacional consists of:<br>Federal Senate or Senado Federal (81 seats; 3 members each from 26 states and 3 from the federal district directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 8-year terms, with one-third and two-thirds of the membership elected alternately every 4 years)<br> Chamber of Deputies or Camara dos Deputados (513 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br />Federal Senate - last held on 7 October 2018 for two-thirds of the Senate (next to be held in October 2022 for one-third of the Senate)<br />Chamber of Deputies - last held on 7 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2022)"
"text": "<br>Federal Senate - last held on 7 October 2018 for two-thirds of the Senate (next to be held in October 2022 for one-third of the Senate)<br>Chamber of Deputies - last held on 7 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2022)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br />Federal Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PMDB 7, PP 5, REDE 5, DEM 4, PSDB 4, PSDC 4, PSL 4, PT 4, PDT 2, PHS 2, PPS 2, PSB 2, PTB 2, Podemos 1, PR 1, PRB 1, PROS 1, PRP 1, PSC 1, SD 1; composition - men 70, women 11, percent of women 13.6% &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PT 56, PSL 52, PP 37, PMDB 34, PSDC 34, PR 33, PSB 32, PRB 30, DEM 29, PSDB 29, PDT 28, SD 13, Podemos 11, PSOL 10, PTB 10, PCdoB 9, NOVO 8, PPS 8, PROS 8, PSC 8, Avante 7, PHS 6, Patriota 5, PRP 4, PV 4, PMN 3, PTC 2, DC 1, PPL 1, REDE 1; composition - men 462, women 51, percent of women 9.9%; total National Congress percent of women 10.4%"
"text": "<br>Federal Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PMDB 7, PP 5, REDE 5, DEM 4, PSDB 4, PSDC 4, PSL 4, PT 4, PDT 2, PHS 2, PPS 2, PSB 2, PTB 2, Podemos 1, PR 1, PRB 1, PROS 1, PRP 1, PSC 1, SD 1; composition - men 70, women 11, percent of women 13.6%     <br> Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PT 56, PSL 52, PP 37, PMDB 34, PSDC 34, PR 33, PSB 32, PRB 30, DEM 29, PSDB 29, PDT 28, SD 13, Podemos 11, PSOL 10, PTB 10, PCdoB 9, NOVO 8, PPS 8, PROS 8, PSC 8, Avante 7, PHS 6, Patriota 5, PRP 4, PV 4, PMN 3, PTC 2, DC 1, PPL 1, REDE 1; composition - men 462, women 51, percent of women 9.9%; total National Congress percent of women 10.4%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -592,7 +593,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Avante [Luis TIBE] (formerly Labor Party of Brazil or PTdoB)&nbsp;<br />Brazilian Communist Party or PCB [Ivan Martins PINHEIRO]<br />Brazilian Democratic Movement Party or PMDB [Michel TEMER]<br />Brazilian Labor Party or PTB [Cristiane BRASIL]<br />Brazilian Renewal Labor Party or PRTB [Jose Levy FIDELIX da Cruz]<br />Brazilian Republican Party or PRB [Marcos Antonio PEREIRA]<br />Brazilian Social Democracy Party or PSDB [Tasso JEREISSATI]<br />Brazilian Socialist Party or PSB [Carlos Roberto SIQUEIRA de Barros]<br />Christian Democracy or DC [Jose Maria EYMAEL] (formerly Christian Social Democratic Party or PSDC)<br />Christian Labor Party or PTC [Daniel TOURINHO]<br />Communist Party of Brazil or PCdoB [Jose Renato RABELO]<br />Democratic Labor Party or PDT [Carlos Roberto LUPI]<br />The Democrats or DEM [Jose AGRIPINO] (formerly Liberal Front Party or PFL)<br />Free Homeland Party or PPL [Sergio RUBENS]<br />Green Party or PV [Jose Luiz PENNA]<br />Humanist Party of Solidarity or PHS [Eduardo MACHADO]<br />National Mobilization Party or PMN [Telma RIBEIRO dos Santos]<br />New Party or NOVO [Moises JARDIM]<br />Party of the Republic or PR [Alfredo NASCIMENTO]<br />Patriota [Adilson BARROSO Oliveira] (formerly National Ecologic Party or PEN)<br />Podemos [Renata ABREU] (formerly National Labor Party or PTN)&nbsp;<br />Popular Socialist Party or PPS [Roberto Joao Pereira FREIRE]<br />Progressive Party or PP [Ciro NOGUEIRA]<br />Progressive Republican Party or PRP [Ovasco Roma Altimari RESENDE]<br />Republican Social Order Party or PROS [Euripedes JUNIOR]<br />Social Christian Party or PSC [Vitor Jorge Abdala NOSSEIS]<br />Social Democratic Party or PSD [Guilherme CAMPOS]<br />Social Liberal Party or PSL [Luciano Caldas BIVAR]<br />Socialism and Freedom Party or PSOL [Luiz ARAUJO]<br />Solidarity or SD [Paulo PEREIRA DA SILVA]<br />Sustainability Network or REDE [Marina SILVA]<br />United Socialist Workers' Party or PSTU [Jose Maria DE ALMEIDA]<br />Workers' Cause Party or PCO [Rui Costa PIMENTA]<br />Workers' Party or PT [Gleisi HOFFMAN]"
"text": "Avante [Luis TIBE] (formerly Labor Party of Brazil or PTdoB) <br>Brazilian Communist Party or PCB [Ivan Martins PINHEIRO]<br>Brazilian Democratic Movement Party or PMDB [Michel TEMER]<br>Brazilian Labor Party or PTB [Cristiane BRASIL]<br>Brazilian Renewal Labor Party or PRTB [Jose Levy FIDELIX da Cruz]<br>Brazilian Republican Party or PRB [Marcos Antonio PEREIRA]<br>Brazilian Social Democracy Party or PSDB [Tasso JEREISSATI]<br>Brazilian Socialist Party or PSB [Carlos Roberto SIQUEIRA de Barros]<br>Christian Democracy or DC [Jose Maria EYMAEL] (formerly Christian Social Democratic Party or PSDC)<br>Christian Labor Party or PTC [Daniel TOURINHO]<br>Communist Party of Brazil or PCdoB [Jose Renato RABELO]<br>Democratic Labor Party or PDT [Carlos Roberto LUPI]<br>The Democrats or DEM [Jose AGRIPINO] (formerly Liberal Front Party or PFL)<br>Free Homeland Party or PPL [Sergio RUBENS]<br>Green Party or PV [Jose Luiz PENNA]<br>Humanist Party of Solidarity or PHS [Eduardo MACHADO]<br>National Mobilization Party or PMN [Telma RIBEIRO dos Santos]<br>New Party or NOVO [Moises JARDIM]<br>Party of the Republic or PR [Alfredo NASCIMENTO]<br>Patriota [Adilson BARROSO Oliveira] (formerly National Ecologic Party or PEN)<br>Podemos [Renata ABREU] (formerly National Labor Party or PTN) <br>Popular Socialist Party or PPS [Roberto Joao Pereira FREIRE]<br>Progressive Party or PP [Ciro NOGUEIRA]<br>Progressive Republican Party or PRP [Ovasco Roma Altimari RESENDE]<br>Republican Social Order Party or PROS [Euripedes JUNIOR]<br>Social Christian Party or PSC [Vitor Jorge Abdala NOSSEIS]<br>Social Democratic Party or PSD [Guilherme CAMPOS]<br>Social Liberal Party or PSL [Luciano Caldas BIVAR]<br>Socialism and Freedom Party or PSOL [Luiz ARAUJO]<br>Solidarity or SD [Paulo PEREIRA DA SILVA]<br>Sustainability Network or REDE [Marina SILVA]<br>United Socialist Workers' Party or PSTU [Jose Maria DE ALMEIDA]<br>Workers' Cause Party or PCO [Rui Costa PIMENTA]<br>Workers' Party or PT [Gleisi HOFFMAN]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "AfDB (nonregional member), BIS, BRICS, CAN (associate), CD, CELAC, CPLP, FAO, FATF, G-15, G-20, G-24, G-5, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, LAS (observer), Mercosur, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS, OECD (enhanced engagement), OPANAL, OPCW, Paris Club (associate), PCA, SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1018,7 +1019,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "<p>Brazil is one of the largest mobile and broadband markets in Latin America with healthy competition and pricing; 5G launched on limited basis; large fixed-line broadband market with focus on fiber; landing point for submarine cables and investment into terrestrial fiber cables to neighboring countries; Internet penetration has increased, access varies along geographic and socio-economic lines; government provides free WiFi in urban public spaces; pioneer in the region for M-commerce; major importer of integrated circuits from South Korea and China, and broadcasting equipment from China (2021)</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> (2020)"
"text": "<p>Brazil is one of the largest mobile and broadband markets in Latin America with healthy competition and pricing; 5G launched on limited basis; large fixed-line broadband market with focus on fiber; landing point for submarine cables and investment into terrestrial fiber cables to neighboring countries; Internet penetration has increased, access varies along geographic and socio-economic lines; government provides free WiFi in urban public spaces; pioneer in the region for M-commerce; major importer of integrated circuits from South Korea and China, and broadcasting equipment from China (2021)</p> <p> </p> (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line connections have remained relatively stable in recent years and stand at about 16 per 100 persons; less-expensive mobile-cellular technology has been a major impetus broadening telephone service to the lower-income segments of the population with mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 99 per 100 persons (2019)"
@ -1196,7 +1197,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the Brazilian Armed Forces have approximately 360,000 active personnel (215,000 Army; 75,000 Navy; 70,000 Air Force) (2020)"
"text": "the Brazilian Armed Forces have approximately 360,000 active personnel (215,000 Army; 75,000 Navy; 70,000 Air Force) (2021)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the Brazilian military's inventory consists of a mix of domestically-produced and imported weapons, largely from Europe and the US; since 2010, France, Germany, the UK, and the US are the leading suppliers of military equipment to Brazil; Brazil's defense industry is capable of designing and manufacturing equipment for all three military services and for export; it also jointly produces equipment with other countries (2020)"
@ -1205,7 +1206,7 @@
"text": "18-45 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation is 10-12 months; 17-45 years of age for voluntary service; an increasing percentage of the ranks are \"long-service\" volunteer professionals; women were allowed to serve in the armed forces beginning in early 1980s, when the Brazilian Army became the first army in South America to accept women into career ranks; women serve in Navy and Air Force only in Women's Reserve Corps (2019)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the military's primary role is enforcing border security, particularly in the Amazon states; it also assists with internal security operations with a focus on organized crime<br /><br />Brazilian police forces are divided into Federal Police (around 15,000 personnel), Military Police (approximately 400,000 personnel), and Civil Police (approximately 125,000 personnel); the Federal Police serve under the Ministry of Justice, while the Military and Civil police are subordinate to the state governments; the National Public Security Force (Forca Nacional de Seguranca Publica or SENASP) is a national police force made up of Military Police from various states; article 144 of the Brazilian constitution states that all state Military Police are classified as reserve troops and ancillary forces of the Brazilian Army"
"text": "the military's primary role is enforcing border security, particularly in the Amazon states; it also assists with internal security operations with a focus on organized crime<br><br>Brazilian police forces are divided into Federal Police (around 15,000 personnel), Military Police (approximately 400,000 personnel), and Civil Police (approximately 125,000 personnel); the Federal Police serve under the Ministry of Justice, while the Military and Civil police are subordinate to the state governments; the National Public Security Force (Forca Nacional de Seguranca Publica or SENASP) is a national police force made up of Military Police from various states; article 144 of the Brazilian constitution states that all state Military Police are classified as reserve troops and ancillary forces of the Brazilian Army"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

20
south-america/ci.json
View file

@ -127,7 +127,7 @@
"text": "Spanish 99.5% (official), English 10.2%, indigenous 1% (includes Mapudungun, Aymara, Quechua, Rapa Nui), other 2.3%, unspecified 0.2%; note - shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census (2012 est.)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de informaci&oacute;n b&aacute;sica. (Spanish)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -308,10 +308,10 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "0.5% (2019 est.)"
"text": "0.6% (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "74,000 (201 est.)"
"text": "77,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "<1000 (2018)"
@ -486,7 +486,7 @@
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1hr, begins second Sunday in August; ends second Sunday in May; note - Punta Arenas observes DST throughout the year"
},
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>Chile has three time zones: the continental portion at UTC-3; the southern Magallanes region, which does not use daylight savings time and remains at UTC-3 for the summer months; and Easter Island at UTC-5<strong><br /><br />etymology: </strong>Santiago is named after the biblical figure Saint James (ca. A.D. 3-44), patron saint of Spain, but especially revered in Galicia; \"Santiago\" derives from the local Galician evolution of the Vulgar Latin \"Sanctu Iacobu\"; Valparaiso derives from the Spanish \"Valle Paraiso\" meaning \"Paradise Valley\"<br /><strong><br /><br /></strong>"
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>Chile has three time zones: the continental portion at UTC-3; the southern Magallanes region, which does not use daylight savings time and remains at UTC-3 for the summer months; and Easter Island at UTC-5<strong><br><br>etymology: </strong>Santiago is named after the biblical figure Saint James (ca. A.D. 3-44), patron saint of Spain, but especially revered in Galicia; \"Santiago\" derives from the local Galician evolution of the Vulgar Latin \"Sanctu Iacobu\"; Valparaiso derives from the Spanish \"Valle Paraiso\" meaning \"Paradise Valley\"<br><strong><br><br></strong>"
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "16 regions (regiones, singular - region); Aysen, Antofagasta, Araucania, Arica y Parinacota, Atacama, Biobio, Coquimbo, Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins, Los Lagos, Los Rios, Magallanes y de la Antartica Chilena (Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica), Maule, Nuble, Region Metropolitana (Santiago), Tarapaca, Valparaiso<br><br><strong>note:</strong> the US does not recognize any claims to Antarctica",
@ -543,18 +543,18 @@
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a single 4-year term; election last held on 19 November 2017 with a runoff held 17 December 2017 (next to be held on 21 November 2021 with runoff if need on 19 December)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br /><em>2017:</em> Sebastian PINERA Echenique elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Sebastian PINERA Echenique (independent) 36.6%; Alejandro GUILLIER (independent) 22.7%; Beatriz SANCHEZ (independent) 20.3%; Jose Antonio KAST (independent) 7.9%; Carolina GOIC (PDC) 5.9%; Marco ENRIQUEZ-OMINAMI (PRO) 5.7%; other 0.9%; percent of vote in second round - Sebastian PINERA Echenique 54.6%, Alejandro GUILLIER 45.4%<br /><br /><em>2013:</em> Michelle BACHELET Jeria elected president in runoff; percent of vote - Michelle BACHELET Jeria (PS/New Majority) 62.2%; Evelyn Rose MATTHEI Fornet (UDI/Let's Go Chile Coalition) 37.8%"
"text": "<br><em>2017:</em> Sebastian PINERA Echenique elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Sebastian PINERA Echenique (independent) 36.6%; Alejandro GUILLIER (independent) 22.7%; Beatriz SANCHEZ (independent) 20.3%; Jose Antonio KAST (independent) 7.9%; Carolina GOIC (PDC) 5.9%; Marco ENRIQUEZ-OMINAMI (PRO) 5.7%; other 0.9%; percent of vote in second round - Sebastian PINERA Echenique 54.6%, Alejandro GUILLIER 45.4%<br><br><em>2013:</em> Michelle BACHELET Jeria elected president in runoff; percent of vote - Michelle BACHELET Jeria (PS/New Majority) 62.2%; Evelyn Rose MATTHEI Fornet (UDI/Let's Go Chile Coalition) 37.8%"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of:<br />Senate or Senado (43 seats following the 2017 election; to increase to 50 in 2021); members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by open party-list proportional representation vote to serve 8-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 4 years)<br />Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (155 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by oen party-list proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)"
"text": "bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of:<br>Senate or Senado (43 seats following the 2017 election; to increase to 50 in 2021); members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by open party-list proportional representation vote to serve 8-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 4 years)<br>Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (155 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by oen party-list proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br />Senate - last held on 19 November 2017 (next to be held on 21 November 2021)<br />Chamber of Deputies - last held on 19 November 2017 (next to be held on 21 November 2021)"
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 19 November 2017 (next to be held on 21 November 2021)<br>Chamber of Deputies - last held on 19 November 2017 (next to be held on 21 November 2021)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br />Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - New Majority Coalition (formerly known as Concertacion) 19 (PDC 6, PS 6, PPD 6, MAS 1), Let's Go Chile Coalition (formerly known as the Coalition for Change and the Alianza coalition) 15 (RN 6, UDI 8, Amplitude Party 1), independent 4; composition - men 33, women 10, percent of women 23.3%<br />Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - New Majority 68 (PDC 21, PS 16, PPD 14, PC 6, PRSD 6, Citizen Left 1, independent 4), Coalition for Change 47 (UDI 29, RN 14, independent 3, EP 1), Liberal Party 1, independent 4; composition -men 120, women 35, percent of women 22.6%; note - total National Congress percent of women 22.7%"
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - New Majority Coalition (formerly known as Concertacion) 19 (PDC 6, PS 6, PPD 6, MAS 1), Let's Go Chile Coalition (formerly known as the Coalition for Change and the Alianza coalition) 15 (RN 6, UDI 8, Amplitude Party 1), independent 4; composition - men 33, women 10, percent of women 23.3%<br>Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - New Majority 68 (PDC 21, PS 16, PPD 14, PC 6, PRSD 6, Citizen Left 1, independent 4), Coalition for Change 47 (UDI 29, RN 14, independent 3, EP 1), Liberal Party 1, independent 4; composition -men 120, women 35, percent of women 22.6%; note - total National Congress percent of women 22.7%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -569,7 +569,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Amplitude (Amplitud) [Lily PEREZ]<br />Broad Front Coalition (Frente Amplio) or FA (includes RD, PL, PH, PEV, Igualdad, and Poder) [Beatriz SANCHEZ]<br />Broad Social Movement of Leftist Citizens (includes former MAS and Izquierda Ciudadana) [Fernando ZAMORANO]<br />Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Fuad CHAHIN]<br />Citizen Power (Poder) [Karina OLIVA]<br />Communist Party of Chile or PC [Guillermo TEILLIER del Valle]<br />Democratic Revolution or RD [Rodrigo ECHECOPAR]<br />Equality Party (Igualdad) [Guillermo GONZALEZ]<br />Green Ecological Party or PEV [Felix GONZALEZ]<br />Humanist Party or PH [Octavio GONZALEZ]<br />Independent Democratic Union or UDI [Jacqueline VAN RYSSELBERGHE Herrera])<br />Independent Regionalist Democratic Party or PRI [Hugo ORTIZ de Filippi]<br />Let&rsquo;s Go Chile Coalition (Chile Vamos) [Sebastian PINERA] (includes EVOPOLI, PRI, RN, UDI)<br />Liberal Party (Partido Liberal de Chile) or PL [Luis Felipe RAMOS]<br />National Renewal or RN [Mario DESBORDES]<br />New Majority Coalition (Nueva Mayoria) [Michelle BACHELET] (includes PDC, PC, PPD, PRSD, PS); note - dissolved in March 2018<br />Party for Democracy or PPD [Heraldo MUNOZ]<br />Political Evolution or EVOPOLI [Hernan LARRAIN MATTE]<br />Progressive Party or PRO [Camilo LAGOS]<br />Radical Social Democratic Party or PRSD [Carlos MALDONADO Curti],<br />Socialist Party or PS [Alvaro ELIZALDE Soto] (formerly known as Concertacion)"
"text": "Amplitude (Amplitud) [Lily PEREZ]<br>Broad Front Coalition (Frente Amplio) or FA (includes RD, PL, PH, PEV, Igualdad, and Poder) [Beatriz SANCHEZ]<br>Broad Social Movement of Leftist Citizens (includes former MAS and Izquierda Ciudadana) [Fernando ZAMORANO]<br>Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Fuad CHAHIN]<br>Citizen Power (Poder) [Karina OLIVA]<br>Communist Party of Chile or PC [Guillermo TEILLIER del Valle]<br>Democratic Revolution or RD [Rodrigo ECHECOPAR]<br>Equality Party (Igualdad) [Guillermo GONZALEZ]<br>Green Ecological Party or PEV [Felix GONZALEZ]<br>Humanist Party or PH [Octavio GONZALEZ]<br>Independent Democratic Union or UDI [Jacqueline VAN RYSSELBERGHE Herrera])<br>Independent Regionalist Democratic Party or PRI [Hugo ORTIZ de Filippi]<br>Let’s Go Chile Coalition (Chile Vamos) [Sebastian PINERA] (includes EVOPOLI, PRI, RN, UDI)<br>Liberal Party (Partido Liberal de Chile) or PL [Luis Felipe RAMOS]<br>National Renewal or RN [Mario DESBORDES]<br>New Majority Coalition (Nueva Mayoria) [Michelle BACHELET] (includes PDC, PC, PPD, PRSD, PS); note - dissolved in March 2018<br>Party for Democracy or PPD [Heraldo MUNOZ]<br>Political Evolution or EVOPOLI [Hernan LARRAIN MATTE]<br>Progressive Party or PRO [Camilo LAGOS]<br>Radical Social Democratic Party or PRSD [Carlos MALDONADO Curti],<br>Socialist Party or PS [Alvaro ELIZALDE Soto] (formerly known as Concertacion)"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "APEC, BIS, CAN (associate), CD, CELAC, FAO, G-15, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAM, OAS, OECD (enhanced engagement), OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance, PCA, SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMOGIP, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1128,7 +1128,7 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Armed Forces of Chile (<span class=\"ILfuVd\"><span class=\"e24Kjd\">Fuerzas Armadas de Chile</span></span>):&nbsp; Chilean Army (Ej&eacute;rcito de Chile), Chilean Navy (Armada de Chile, includes marine units and coast guard or Maritime Territory and Merchant Marine Directorate (Directemar)), Chilean Air Force (Fuerza Aerea de Chile, FACh); Ministry of Interior: Carabineros de Chile (National Police Force) (2021)<br><br>note: Carabineros de Chile are responsible to both the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Interior",
"text": "Armed Forces of Chile (Fuerzas Armadas de Chile):  Chilean Army (Ejército de Chile), Chilean Navy (Armada de Chile, includes marine units and coast guard or Maritime Territory and Merchant Marine Directorate (Directemar)), Chilean Air Force (Fuerza Aerea de Chile, FACh); Ministry of Interior: Carabineros de Chile (National Police Force) (2021)<br><br>note: Carabineros de Chile are responsible to both the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Interior",
"note": "note: Carabineros de Chile are responsible to both the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Interior"
},
"Military expenditures": {

28
south-america/co.json
View file

@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
"text": "Spanish (official)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de informaci&oacute;n b&aacute;sica. (Spanish)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -309,13 +309,13 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "0.5% (2019 est.)"
"text": "0.4% (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "200,000 (2019 est.)"
"text": "180,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "4,100 (2019 est.)"
"text": "3,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"degree of risk": {
@ -327,7 +327,7 @@
"vectorborne diseases": {
"text": "dengue fever, malaria, and yellow fever"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Colombia; as of 6 June 2021, Columbia has reported a total of 3,518,046<span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp; cases of COVID-19 or 6,914.0 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 178.6 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 13 June 2021, 18.07% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Colombia; as of 19 July 2021, Columbia has reported a total of 4,639,466   cases of COVID-19 or 9117.93 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 228.58 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 18 July 2021, 29.64% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "22.3% (2016)"
@ -463,7 +463,7 @@
"vectorborne diseases": {
"text": "dengue fever, malaria, and yellow fever"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Colombia; as of 6 June 2021, Columbia has reported a total of 3,518,046<span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp; cases of COVID-19 or 6,914.0 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 178.6 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 13 June 2021, 18.07% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Colombia; as of 19 July 2021, Columbia has reported a total of 4,639,466   cases of COVID-19 or 9117.93 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 228.58 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 18 July 2021, 29.64% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
},
"Waste and recycling": {
"municipal solid waste generated annually": {
@ -564,18 +564,18 @@
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for a single 4-year term; election last held on 27 May 2018 with a runoff held on 17 June 2018 (next to be held in 2022); note - political reform in 2015 eliminated presidential reelection"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em>2018:</em> Ivan DUQUE Marquez elected president in second round; percent of vote - Ivan DUQUE Marquez (CD) 54%, Gustavo PETRO (Humane Colombia) 41.8%, other/blank/invalid 4.2%<br /><br /><em>2014:</em> Juan Manuel SANTOS Calderon reelected president in second round; percent of vote - Juan Manuel SANTOS Calderon (U Party) 51.0%, Oscar Ivan ZULUAGA (CD) 45.0%, other 4.0%"
"text": "<em>2018:</em> Ivan DUQUE Marquez elected president in second round; percent of vote - Ivan DUQUE Marquez (CD) 54%, Gustavo PETRO (Humane Colombia) 41.8%, other/blank/invalid 4.2%<br><br><em>2014:</em> Juan Manuel SANTOS Calderon reelected president in second round; percent of vote - Juan Manuel SANTOS Calderon (U Party) 51.0%, Oscar Ivan ZULUAGA (CD) 45.0%, other 4.0%"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Congress or Congreso consists of:<br />Senate or Senado (108 seats; 100 members elected in a single nationwide constituency by party-list proportional representation vote, 2 members elected in a special nationwide constituency for indigenous communities, 5 members of the People's Alternative Revolutionary Force (FARC) political party for the 2018 and 2022 elections only as per the 2016 peace accord, and 1 seat reserved for the runner-up presidential candidate in the recent election; all members serve 4-year terms)<br /> Chamber of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (172 seats; 165 members elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote, 5 members of the FARC for the 2018 and 2022 elections only as per the 2016 peace accord, and 1 seat reserved for the runner-up vice presidential candidate in the recent election; all members serve 4-year terms)"
"text": "bicameral Congress or Congreso consists of:<br>Senate or Senado (108 seats; 100 members elected in a single nationwide constituency by party-list proportional representation vote, 2 members elected in a special nationwide constituency for indigenous communities, 5 members of the People's Alternative Revolutionary Force (FARC) political party for the 2018 and 2022 elections only as per the 2016 peace accord, and 1 seat reserved for the runner-up presidential candidate in the recent election; all members serve 4-year terms)<br> Chamber of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (172 seats; 165 members elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote, 5 members of the FARC for the 2018 and 2022 elections only as per the 2016 peace accord, and 1 seat reserved for the runner-up vice presidential candidate in the recent election; all members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<strong>&nbsp;</strong><br /> Senate - last held on 11 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2022)<br /> Chamber of Representatives - last held on 11 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2022)"
"text": "<strong> </strong><br> Senate - last held on 11 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2022)<br> Chamber of Representatives - last held on 11 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2022)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br /> Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CD 19, CR 16, PC 15, PL 14, U Party 14, Green Alliance 10, PDA 5, other 9; composition - men 77, women 31, percent of women 28.7%<br /> Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PL 35, CD 32, CR 30, U Party 25, PC 21, Green Alliance 9, other 13; composition - men 147, women 25, percent of women 14.5%; total Congress percent of women 20%"
"text": "<br> Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CD 19, CR 16, PC 15, PL 14, U Party 14, Green Alliance 10, PDA 5, other 9; composition - men 77, women 31, percent of women 28.7%<br> Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PL 35, CD 32, CR 30, U Party 25, PC 21, Green Alliance 9, other 13; composition - men 147, women 25, percent of women 14.5%; total Congress percent of women 20%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -590,7 +590,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Alternative Democratic Pole or PDA [Jorge Enrique ROBLEDO]<br />Citizens Option (Opcion Ciudadana) or OC [Angel ALIRIO Moreno] (formerly known as the National Integration Party or PIN)<br />Conservative Party or PC [Hernan ANDRADE]<br />Democratic Center Party or CD [Alvaro URIBE Velez]<br />Green Alliance [Claudia LOPEZ Hernandez]<br />Humane Colombia [Gustavo PETRO]<br />Liberal Party or PL [Cesar GAVIRIA]<br />People's Alternative Revolutionary Force or FARC [Rodrigo LONDONO Echeverry]<br />Radical Change or CR [Rodrigo LARA Restrepo]<br />Social National Unity Party or U Party [Roy BARRERAS]<br><br><strong>note:</strong> Colombia has numerous smaller political movements",
"text": "Alternative Democratic Pole or PDA [Jorge Enrique ROBLEDO]<br>Citizens Option (Opcion Ciudadana) or OC [Angel ALIRIO Moreno] (formerly known as the National Integration Party or PIN)<br>Conservative Party or PC [Hernan ANDRADE]<br>Democratic Center Party or CD [Alvaro URIBE Velez]<br>Green Alliance [Claudia LOPEZ Hernandez]<br>Humane Colombia [Gustavo PETRO]<br>Liberal Party or PL [Cesar GAVIRIA]<br>People's Alternative Revolutionary Force or FARC [Rodrigo LONDONO Echeverry]<br>Radical Change or CR [Rodrigo LARA Restrepo]<br>Social National Unity Party or U Party [Roy BARRERAS]<br><br><strong>note:</strong> Colombia has numerous smaller political movements",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Colombia has numerous smaller political movements"
},
"International organization participation": {
@ -1023,7 +1023,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "<p>Colombia&rsquo;s telecom infrastructure has improved through a government program of competition to upgrade services based on LTE and 5G, focusing on infrastructure in small urban centers and rural areas; national ICT Plan increased broadband and fiber connectivity; operators testing 5G and completed 20k terrestrial cable connecting 80% of the country; benefit due to access to commercial submarine cable (2021)</p> (2020)"
"text": "<p>Colombia’s telecom infrastructure has improved through a government program of competition to upgrade services based on LTE and 5G, focusing on infrastructure in small urban centers and rural areas; national ICT Plan increased broadband and fiber connectivity; operators testing 5G and completed 20k terrestrial cable connecting 80% of the country; benefit due to access to commercial submarine cable (2021)</p> (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line connections stand at about 14 per 100 persons; mobile cellular telephone subscribership is about 132 per 100 persons; competition among cellular service providers is resulting in falling local and international calling rates and contributing to the steep decline in the market share of fixed-line services; domestic satellite system with 41 earth stations (2019)"
@ -1207,8 +1207,8 @@
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "National Liberation Army (ELN); Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>"
"text": "National Liberation Army (ELN); Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

16
south-america/ec.json
View file

@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
"text": "<p>frequent earthquakes; landslides; volcanic activity; floods; periodic droughts</p><p><strong>volcanism:</strong> volcanic activity concentrated along the Andes Mountains; Sangay (5,230 m), which erupted in 2010, is mainland Ecuador's most active volcano; other historically active volcanoes in the Andes include Antisana, Cayambe, Chacana, Cotopaxi, Guagua Pichincha, Reventador, Sumaco, and Tungurahua; Fernandina (1,476 m), a shield volcano that last erupted in 2009, is the most active of the many Galapagos volcanoes; other historically active Galapagos volcanoes include Wolf, Sierra Negra, Cerro Azul, Pinta, Marchena, and Santiago</p>"
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "<strong>note 1:</strong> Cotopaxi in Andes is highest active volcano in world<br /><br /><strong>note 2:</strong> genetic research indicates that the cherry-sized tomato originated in Ecuador without any human domestication; later domestication in Mexico transformed the plant into the large modern tomato; archeological research indicates that the cacao tree, whose seeds are used to make chocolate and which was long thought to have originated in Mesoamerica, was first domesticated in the upper Amazon region of northwest South America - present-day Ecuador - about 3,300 B.C."
"text": "<strong>note 1:</strong> Cotopaxi in Andes is highest active volcano in world<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> genetic research indicates that the cherry-sized tomato originated in Ecuador without any human domestication; later domestication in Mexico transformed the plant into the large modern tomato; archeological research indicates that the cacao tree, whose seeds are used to make chocolate and which was long thought to have originated in Mesoamerica, was first domesticated in the upper Amazon region of northwest South America - present-day Ecuador - about 3,300 B.C."
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
"text": "Spanish (Castilian) 93% (official), Quechua 4.1%, other indigenous 0.7%, foreign 2.2%; note - (Quechua and Shuar are official languages of intercultural relations; other indigenous languages are in official use by indigenous peoples in the areas they inhabit) (2010 est.)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de informaci&oacute;n b&aacute;sica. (Spanish)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -308,13 +308,13 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "0.4% (2019 est.)"
"text": "0.3% (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "47,000 (2019 est.)"
"text": "45,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "<1000 (2019 est.)"
"text": "<500 (2020 est.)"
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"degree of risk": {
@ -505,7 +505,7 @@
"time difference": {
"text": "UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
},
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>Ecuador has two time zones, including the Galapagos Islands (UTC-6)<strong><br /><br />etymology:</strong> named after the Quitus, a Pre-Columbian indigenous people credited with founding the city"
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>Ecuador has two time zones, including the Galapagos Islands (UTC-6)<strong><br><br>etymology:</strong> named after the Quitus, a Pre-Columbian indigenous people credited with founding the city"
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "24 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Azuay, Bolivar, Canar, Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Esmeraldas, Galapagos, Guayas, Imbabura, Loja, Los Rios, Manabi, Morona-Santiago, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Pichincha, Santa Elena, Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas, Sucumbios, Tungurahua, Zamora-Chinchipe"
@ -561,7 +561,7 @@
"text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 7 February 2021 with a runoff on 11 April 2021 (next to be held in February 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br /><em>2021:</em> Guillermo LASSO Mendoza elected president; first round election results: percent of vote - Andres ARAUZ (UNES) 32.72%, Guillermo LASSO Mendoza (CREO) 19.74%, Yaku PEREZ Guartambel (MUPP) 19.38%, Xavier HERVAS Mora (Independent) 15.68%, other 12.48%; second round election results: percent of vote - Guillermo LASSO Mendoza (CREO) 52.5%, Andres ARAUZ (UNES) 47.5%<br /><br /><em>2017:</em> Lenin MORENO Garces elected president in second round; percent of vote - Lenin MORENO Garces (Alianza PAIS Movement) 51.1%, Guillermo LASSO (CREO) 48.9%"
"text": "<br><em>2021:</em> Guillermo LASSO Mendoza elected president; first round election results: percent of vote - Andres ARAUZ (UNES) 32.72%, Guillermo LASSO Mendoza (CREO) 19.74%, Yaku PEREZ Guartambel (MUPP) 19.38%, Xavier HERVAS Mora (Independent) 15.68%, other 12.48%; second round election results: percent of vote - Guillermo LASSO Mendoza (CREO) 52.5%, Andres ARAUZ (UNES) 47.5%<br><br><em>2017:</em> Lenin MORENO Garces elected president in second round; percent of vote - Lenin MORENO Garces (Alianza PAIS Movement) 51.1%, Guillermo LASSO (CREO) 48.9%"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -587,7 +587,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Alianza PAIS movement [Lenin Voltaire MORENO Garces]<br />Avanza Party or AVANZA [Ramiro GONZALEZ]<br />Central Democratic Movement or CD [Jimmy JAIRALA]<br />Citizen Revolution Movement or MRC [Rafael CORREA]<br />Creating Opportunities Movement or CREO [Guillermo LASSO]<br />Democratic Left or ID<br />Forward Ecuador Movement [Alvaro NOBOA]<br />Fuerza Ecuador [Abdala BUCARAM] (successor to Roldosist Party)<br />Honesty Alliance or MC-PSE (alliance including Concertation Movement or MC and Socialist Party of Ecuador or PSE)<br />Pachakutik Plurinational Unity Movement or MUPP [Marlon Rene SANTI Gualinga]<br />Patriotic Society Party or PSP [Gilmar GUTIERREZ Borbua]<br />Popular Democracy Movement or MPD [Luis VILLACIS]<br />Social Christian Party or PSC [Pascual DEL CIOPPO]<br />Socialist Party [Patricio ZABRANO] <br />Society United for More Action or SUMA [Mauricio RODAS]<br />Union of Hope or UNES (coalition of left-leaning parties)"
"text": "Alianza PAIS movement [Lenin Voltaire MORENO Garces]<br>Avanza Party or AVANZA [Ramiro GONZALEZ]<br>Central Democratic Movement or CD [Jimmy JAIRALA]<br>Citizen Revolution Movement or MRC [Rafael CORREA]<br>Creating Opportunities Movement or CREO [Guillermo LASSO]<br>Democratic Left or ID<br>Forward Ecuador Movement [Alvaro NOBOA]<br>Fuerza Ecuador [Abdala BUCARAM] (successor to Roldosist Party)<br>Honesty Alliance or MC-PSE (alliance including Concertation Movement or MC and Socialist Party of Ecuador or PSE)<br>Pachakutik Plurinational Unity Movement or MUPP [Marlon Rene SANTI Gualinga]<br>Patriotic Society Party or PSP [Gilmar GUTIERREZ Borbua]<br>Popular Democracy Movement or MPD [Luis VILLACIS]<br>Social Christian Party or PSC [Pascual DEL CIOPPO]<br>Socialist Party [Patricio ZABRANO] <br>Society United for More Action or SUMA [Mauricio RODAS]<br>Union of Hope or UNES (coalition of left-leaning parties)"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "CAN, CD, CELAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, OPEC, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, SICA (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"

3
south-america/fk.json
View file

@ -112,7 +112,8 @@
}
},
"Ethnic groups": {
"text": "Falkland Islander 48.3%, British 23.1%, St. Helenian 7.5%, Chilean 4.6%, mixed 6%, other 8.5%, unspecified 2% (2016 est.)"
"text": "Falkland Islander 48.3%, British 23.1%, St. Helenian 7.5%, Chilean 4.6%, mixed 6%, other 8.5%, unspecified 2% (2016 est.)<br><br><strong>note: </strong>data represent population by national identity",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>data represent population by national identity"
},
"Languages": {
"text": "English 89%, Spanish 7.7%, other 3.3% (2006 est.)"

16
south-america/gy.json
View file

@ -304,13 +304,13 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "1.4% (2019 est.)"
"text": "1.3% (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "8,700 (2019 est.)"
"text": "9,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "<200 (2019 est.)"
"text": "<200 (2020 est.)"
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"degree of risk": {
@ -542,10 +542,10 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Mohammed Irfaan ALI (since 2 August 2020); First Vice President Mark PHILLIPS (since 2 August 2020); Vice President Bharrat JAGDEO (since 2 August 2020); Prime Minister <span class=\"ILfuVd NA6bn c3biWd\"><span class=\"hgKElc\">Mark PHILLIPS (since 2 August 2020)</span></span>; note - the president is both chief of state and head of government"
"text": "President Mohammed Irfaan ALI (since 2 August 2020); First Vice President Mark PHILLIPS (since 2 August 2020); Vice President Bharrat JAGDEO (since 2 August 2020); Prime Minister Mark PHILLIPS (since 2 August 2020); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "<span class=\"ILfuVd NA6bn c3biWd\"><span class=\"hgKElc\">President Mohammed Irfaan ALI (since 2 August 2020); First Vice President Mark PHILLIPS (since 2 August 2020); Vice President Bharrat JAGDEO (since 2 August 2020)</span></span>"
"text": "President Mohammed Irfaan ALI (since 2 August 2020); First Vice President Mark PHILLIPS (since 2 August 2020); Vice President Bharrat JAGDEO (since 2 August 2020)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president, responsible to the National Assembly"
@ -554,7 +554,7 @@
"text": "the predesignated candidate of the winning party in the last National Assembly election becomes president for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 2 March 2020 (next to be held in 2025); prime minister appointed by the president"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br /><em>2020:</em> Mohammed Irfaan ALI (PPP/C) designated president by the majority party in the National Assembly<br /><br /><em>2015:</em> David GRANGER (APNU-AFC) designated president by the majority party in the National Assembly"
"text": "<br><em>2020:</em> Mohammed Irfaan ALI (PPP/C) designated president by the majority party in the National Assembly<br><br><em>2015:</em> David GRANGER (APNU-AFC) designated president by the majority party in the National Assembly"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -580,14 +580,14 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "A New and United Guyana or ANUG [Ralph RAMKARRAN]<br />A Partnership for National Unity or APNU [David A. GRANGER]<br />Alliance for Change or AFC [Raphael TROTMAN]<br />Justice for All Party [C.N. SHARMA]<br />Liberty and Justice Party or LJP [Lenox SHUMAN]<br />National Independent Party or NIP [Saphier Husain SUBEDAR]<br />People's Progressive Party/Civic or PPP/C [Bharrat JAGDEO]<br />The New Movement or TNM [joint leadership of several medical doctors]<br />The United Force or TUF [Manzoor NADIR]<br />United Republican Party or URP [Vishnu BANDHU]"
"text": "A New and United Guyana or ANUG [Ralph RAMKARRAN]<br>A Partnership for National Unity or APNU [David A. GRANGER]<br>Alliance for Change or AFC [Raphael TROTMAN]<br>Justice for All Party [C.N. SHARMA]<br>Liberty and Justice Party or LJP [Lenox SHUMAN]<br>National Independent Party or NIP [Saphier Husain SUBEDAR]<br>People's Progressive Party/Civic or PPP/C [Bharrat JAGDEO]<br>The New Movement or TNM [joint leadership of several medical doctors]<br>The United Force or TUF [Manzoor NADIR]<br>United Republican Party or URP [Vishnu BANDHU]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OIC, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Riyad David INSANALLY (since 16 Sept 2016)"
"text": "Ambassador Samuel Archibald HINDS (since 7 July 2021)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "2490 Tracy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008"

10
south-america/ns.json
View file

@ -120,7 +120,7 @@
"text": "Dutch (official), English (widely spoken), Sranang Tongo (Surinamese, sometimes called Taki-Taki, is the native language of Creoles and much of the younger population and is lingua franca among others), Caribbean Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Javanese"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />Het Wereld Feitenboek, een omnisbare bron van informatie. (Dutch)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English)"
"text": "<br>Het Wereld Feitenboek, een omnisbare bron van informatie. (Dutch)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English)"
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -301,13 +301,13 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "1.3% (2019 est.)"
"text": "1.1% (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "5,800 (2019 est.)"
"text": "5,200 (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "<200 (2019 est.)"
"text": "<200 (2020 est.)"
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"degree of risk": {
@ -566,7 +566,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Alternative Combination or A-Com (coalition includes ABOP, KTPI, Party for Democracy and Development)<br />Brotherhood and Unity in Politics or BEP [Celsius WATERBERG]<br />Democratic Alternative '91 or DA91 [Angelique DEL CASTILLO]<br />General Liberation and Development Party or ABOP [Ronnie BRUNSWIJK}<br />National Democratic Party or NDP [Desire Delano BOUTERSE]<br />National Party of Suriname or NPS [Gregory RUSLAND]<br />Party for Democracy and Development in Unity or DOE [Carl BREEVELD]<br />Party for National Unity and Solidarity or KTPI [Willy SOEMITA]<br />People's Alliance (Pertjaja Luhur) or PL [Paul SOMOHARDJO]<br />Progressive Workers' and Farmers' Union or PALU [Jim HOK]<br />Progressive Reform Party or VHP [Chandrikapersad SANTOKHI]<br />Reform and Renewal Movement or HVB<br />Surinamese Labor Party or SPA [Guno CASTELEN]"
"text": "Alternative Combination or A-Com (coalition includes ABOP, KTPI, Party for Democracy and Development)<br>Brotherhood and Unity in Politics or BEP [Celsius WATERBERG]<br>Democratic Alternative '91 or DA91 [Angelique DEL CASTILLO]<br>General Liberation and Development Party or ABOP [Ronnie BRUNSWIJK}<br>National Democratic Party or NDP [Desire Delano BOUTERSE]<br>National Party of Suriname or NPS [Gregory RUSLAND]<br>Party for Democracy and Development in Unity or DOE [Carl BREEVELD]<br>Party for National Unity and Solidarity or KTPI [Willy SOEMITA]<br>People's Alliance (Pertjaja Luhur) or PL [Paul SOMOHARDJO]<br>Progressive Workers' and Farmers' Union or PALU [Jim HOK]<br>Progressive Reform Party or VHP [Chandrikapersad SANTOKHI]<br>Reform and Renewal Movement or HVB<br>Surinamese Labor Party or SPA [Guno CASTELEN]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AOSIS, Caricom, CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OIC, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"

24
south-america/pa.json
View file

@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
"text": "local flooding in southeast (early September to June); poorly drained plains may become boggy (early October to June)"
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "<strong>note 1: </strong>landlocked; lies between Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil; population concentrated in eastern and southern part of country<br /><br /><strong>note 2:</strong> pineapples are probably indigenous to the southern Brazil-Paraguay region&nbsp;"
"text": "<strong>note 1: </strong>landlocked; lies between Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil; population concentrated in eastern and southern part of country<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> pineapples are probably indigenous to the southern Brazil-Paraguay region "
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -112,10 +112,10 @@
},
"Languages": {
"Languages": {
"text": "Spanish (official) and Guarani (official) 46.3%, only Guarani 34%, only Spanish 15.2%, other (includes Portuguese, German, other indigenous languages) 4.1% , no response .4%; note - data represent predominant household language (2012 est.)"
"text": "Spanish (official) and Guarani (official) 46.3%, only Guarani 34%, only Spanish 15.2%, other (includes Portuguese, German, other indigenous languages) 4.1% , no response 0.4%; note - data represent predominant household language (2012 est.)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de informaci&oacute;n b&aacute;sica. (Spanish)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -300,13 +300,13 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "0.4% (2019 est.)"
"text": "0.3% (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "22,000 (2019 est.)"
"text": "19,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "<1000 (2019 est.)"
"text": "<500 (2020 est.)"
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"degree of risk": {
@ -550,18 +550,18 @@
"text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by simple majority popular vote for a single 5-year term; election last held on 22 April 2018 (next to be held in April 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br /><em>2018:</em> Mario Abdo BENITEZ elected president; percent of vote - Mario Abdo BENITEZ (ANR) 46.4%, Efrain ALEGRE (PLRA) 42.7%, Juan Bautista YBANEZ 3.3%, other 7.6%<br /><br /><em>2013:</em> Horacio CARTES elected president; percent of vote - Horacio CARTES (ANR) 48.5%, Efrain ALEGRE (PLRA) 39%, Mario FERREIRO (AP) 6.2%, Anibal CARRILLO (FG) 3.5%, other 2.8%"
"text": "<br><em>2018:</em> Mario Abdo BENITEZ elected president; percent of vote - Mario Abdo BENITEZ (ANR) 46.4%, Efrain ALEGRE (PLRA) 42.7%, Juan Bautista YBANEZ 3.3%, other 7.6%<br><br><em>2013:</em> Horacio CARTES elected president; percent of vote - Horacio CARTES (ANR) 48.5%, Efrain ALEGRE (PLRA) 39%, Mario FERREIRO (AP) 6.2%, Anibal CARRILLO (FG) 3.5%, other 2.8%"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of:<br />Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (45 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)<br /> Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (80 seats; members directly elected in 18 multi-seat constituencies - corresponding to the country's 17 departments and capital city - by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)"
"text": "bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of:<br>Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (45 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)<br> Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (80 seats; members directly elected in 18 multi-seat constituencies - corresponding to the country's 17 departments and capital city - by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br />Chamber of Senators - last held on 22 April 2018 (next to be held in April 2023)<br /> Chamber of Deputies - last held on 22 April 2018 (next to be held in April 2023)"
"text": "<br>Chamber of Senators - last held on 22 April 2018 (next to be held in April 2023)<br> Chamber of Deputies - last held on 22 April 2018 (next to be held in April 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br />Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party/coalition - ANR 32.52%, PLRA 24.18%, FG 11.83%, PPQ 6.77%, MH 4.47%, PDP 3.66%, MCN 2.48%, UNACE 2.12%, other 11.97%; seats by party/coalition - ANR 17, PLRA 13, FG 6, PPQ 3, MH 2, PDP 2, MCN 1, UNACE 1; composition - men 36, women 9, percent of women 20%<br /> Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party/coalition - ANR 39.1%, PLRA 17.74%, Ganar Alliance 12.08%, PPQ 4.46%, MH 3.19%; other 23.43%; seats by party/coalition - ANR 42, PLRA 17, Ganar Alliance 13, PPQ 3, MH 2, other 3; composition - men 66, women 14, percent of women 17.5%; note - total National Congress percent of women 18.4%"
"text": "<br>Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party/coalition - ANR 32.52%, PLRA 24.18%, FG 11.83%, PPQ 6.77%, MH 4.47%, PDP 3.66%, MCN 2.48%, UNACE 2.12%, other 11.97%; seats by party/coalition - ANR 17, PLRA 13, FG 6, PPQ 3, MH 2, PDP 2, MCN 1, UNACE 1; composition - men 36, women 9, percent of women 20%<br> Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party/coalition - ANR 39.1%, PLRA 17.74%, Ganar Alliance 12.08%, PPQ 4.46%, MH 3.19%; other 23.43%; seats by party/coalition - ANR 42, PLRA 17, Ganar Alliance 13, PPQ 3, MH 2, other 3; composition - men 66, women 14, percent of women 17.5%; note - total National Congress percent of women 18.4%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -576,14 +576,14 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Asociacion Nacional Republicana - Colorado Party or ANR [Pedro ALLIANA]<br />Avanza Pais coalition or AP [Adolfo FERREIRO]<br />Broad Front coalition (Frente Guasu) or FG [Esperanza MARTINEZ]<br />Ganar Alliance (alliance between PLRA and Guasu Front)<br />Movimiento Cruzada Nacional or MCN<br />Movimiento Hagamos or MH [Antonio \"Tony\" APURIL]<br />Movimiento Union Nacional de Ciudadanos Eticos or UNACE [Jorge OVIEDO MATTO]<br />Partido del Movimiento al Socialismo or P-MAS [Camilo Ernesto SOARES Machado]<br />Partido Democratica Progresista or PDP [Rafael FILIZZOLA]<br />Partido Encuentro Nacional or PEN [Hermann RATZLAFFIN Klippemstein]<br />Partido Liberal Radical Autentico or PLRA [Efrain ALEGRE]<br />Partido Pais Solidario or PPS [Carlos Alberto FILIZZOLA Pallares]<br />Partido Popular Tekojoja or PPT [Sixto PEREIRA Galeano]<br />Patria Querida (Beloved Fatherland Party) or PPQ [Miguel CARRIZOSA]"
"text": "Asociacion Nacional Republicana - Colorado Party or ANR [Pedro ALLIANA]<br>Avanza Pais coalition or AP [Adolfo FERREIRO]<br>Broad Front coalition (Frente Guasu) or FG [Esperanza MARTINEZ]<br>Ganar Alliance (alliance between PLRA and Guasu Front)<br>Movimiento Cruzada Nacional or MCN<br>Movimiento Hagamos or MH [Antonio \"Tony\" APURIL]<br>Movimiento Union Nacional de Ciudadanos Eticos or UNACE [Jorge OVIEDO MATTO]<br>Partido del Movimiento al Socialismo or P-MAS [Camilo Ernesto SOARES Machado]<br>Partido Democratica Progresista or PDP [Rafael FILIZZOLA]<br>Partido Encuentro Nacional or PEN [Hermann RATZLAFFIN Klippemstein]<br>Partido Liberal Radical Autentico or PLRA [Efrain ALEGRE]<br>Partido Pais Solidario or PPS [Carlos Alberto FILIZZOLA Pallares]<br>Partido Popular Tekojoja or PPT [Sixto PEREIRA Galeano]<br>Patria Querida (Beloved Fatherland Party) or PPQ [Miguel CARRIZOSA]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "CAN (associate), CD, CELAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Luis Jose GONZALEZ FERNANDEZ (since 4 April 2021)"
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Luis Jose GONZALEZ FERNANDEZ (since 12 April 2021)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "2400 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008"

30
south-america/pe.json
View file

@ -100,7 +100,7 @@
"text": "<p>earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity</p><p><strong>volcanism:</strong> volcanic activity in the Andes Mountains; Ubinas (5,672 m), which last erupted in 2009, is the country's most active volcano; other historically active volcanoes include El Misti, Huaynaputina, Sabancaya, and Yucamane; see note 2 under \"Geography - note\"</p>"
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "<p><strong>note 1:</strong> shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake, with Bolivia; a remote slope of Nevado Mismi, a 5,316 m peak, is the ultimate source of the Amazon River</p> <p><strong>note 2:</strong> Peru is one of the countries along the Ring of Fire, a belt of active volcanoes and earthquake epicenters bordering the Pacific Ocean; up to 90% of the world's earthquakes and some 75% of the world's volcanoes occur within the Ring of Fire<br /><br /><strong>note 3:</strong> on 19 February 1600, Mount Huaynaputina in the southern Peruvian Andes erupted in the largest volcanic explosion in South America in historical times; intermittent eruptions lasted until 5 March 1600 and pumped an estimated 16 to 32 million metric tons of particulates into the atmosphere reducing the amount of sunlight reaching the earth's surface and affecting weather worldwide; over the next two and a half years, millions died around the globe in famines from bitterly cold winters, cool summers, and the loss of crops and animals<br /><br /><strong>note 4:</strong> the southern regions of Peru and the extreme northwestern part of Bolivia are considered to be the place of origin for the common potato </p>"
"text": "<p><strong>note 1:</strong> shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake, with Bolivia; a remote slope of Nevado Mismi, a 5,316 m peak, is the ultimate source of the Amazon River</p> <p><strong>note 2:</strong> Peru is one of the countries along the Ring of Fire, a belt of active volcanoes and earthquake epicenters bordering the Pacific Ocean; up to 90% of the world's earthquakes and some 75% of the world's volcanoes occur within the Ring of Fire<br><br><strong>note 3:</strong> on 19 February 1600, Mount Huaynaputina in the southern Peruvian Andes erupted in the largest volcanic explosion in South America in historical times; intermittent eruptions lasted until 5 March 1600 and pumped an estimated 16 to 32 million metric tons of particulates into the atmosphere reducing the amount of sunlight reaching the earth's surface and affecting weather worldwide; over the next two and a half years, millions died around the globe in famines from bitterly cold winters, cool summers, and the loss of crops and animals<br><br><strong>note 4:</strong> the southern regions of Peru and the extreme northwestern part of Bolivia are considered to be the place of origin for the common potato </p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -116,18 +116,18 @@
}
},
"Ethnic groups": {
"text": "Mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 60.2%, Amerindian 25.8%, White 5.9%, African descent 3.6%, other (includes Chinese and Japanese descent) 1.2%, unspecified 3.3% (2017 est.)"
"text": "Mestizo (mixed Amerindian and White) 60.2%, Amerindian 25.8%, White 5.9%, African descent 3.6%, other (includes Chinese and Japanese descent) 1.2%, unspecified 3.3% (2017 est.)"
},
"Languages": {
"Languages": {
"text": "Spanish (official) 82.9%, Quechua (official) 13.6%, Aymara (official) 1.6%, Ashaninka 0.3%, other native languages (includes a large number of minor Amazonian languages) 0.8%, other (includes foreign languages and sign language) 0.2%, none 0.1%, unspecified 0.7% (2017 est.)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de informaci&oacute;n b&aacute;sica. (Spanish)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Roman Catholic 60%, Christian 14.6% (includes evangelical 11.1%, other 3.5%), other 0.3%, none 4%, unspecified 21.1% (2017 est.)"
"text": "Roman Catholic 60%, Christian 14.6% (includes Evangelical 11.1%, other 3.5%), other 0.3%, none 4%, unspecified 21.1% (2017 est.)"
},
"Demographic profile": {
"text": "<p>Peru's urban and coastal communities have benefited much more from recent economic growth than rural, Afro-Peruvian, indigenous, and poor populations of the Amazon and mountain regions. The poverty rate has dropped substantially during the last decade but remains stubbornly high at about 30% (more than 55% in rural areas). After remaining almost static for about a decade, Peru's malnutrition rate began falling in 2005, when the government introduced a coordinated strategy focusing on hygiene, sanitation, and clean water. School enrollment has improved, but achievement scores reflect ongoing problems with educational quality. Many poor children temporarily or permanently drop out of school to help support their families. About a quarter to a third of Peruvian children aged 6 to 14 work, often putting in long hours at hazardous mining or construction sites.</p><p>Peru was a country of immigration in the 19th and early 20th centuries, but has become a country of emigration in the last few decades. Beginning in the 19th century, Peru brought in Asian contract laborers mainly to work on coastal plantations. Populations of Chinese and Japanese descent - among the largest in Latin America - are economically and culturally influential in Peru today. Peruvian emigration began rising in the 1980s due to an economic crisis and a violent internal conflict, but outflows have stabilized in the last few years as economic conditions have improved. Nonetheless, more than 2 million Peruvians have emigrated in the last decade, principally to the US, Spain, and Argentina.</p>"
@ -308,13 +308,13 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "0.4% (2019 est.)"
"text": "0.3% (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "87,000 (2019 est.)"
"text": "91,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "<1000 (2019 est.)"
"text": "<1000 (2020 est.)"
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"degree of risk": {
@ -326,7 +326,7 @@
"vectorborne diseases": {
"text": "dengue fever, malaria, and Bartonellosis (Oroya fever)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Peru; as of 6 June 2021, Peru has reported a total of 1,976,166<span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> </span>cases of COVID-19 or 5,993.5 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 563.6 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 13 June 2021, 10.63% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Peru; as of 19 July 2021, Peru has reported a total of 2,093,754 cases of COVID-19 or 6,350.13 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 591.86 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 18 July 2021, 20.6% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "19.7% (2016)"
@ -462,7 +462,7 @@
"vectorborne diseases": {
"text": "dengue fever, malaria, and Bartonellosis (Oroya fever)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Peru; as of 6 June 2021, Peru has reported a total of 1,976,166<span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> </span>cases of COVID-19 or 5,993.5 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 563.6 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 13 June 2021, 10.63% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Peru; as of 19 July 2021, Peru has reported a total of 2,093,754 cases of COVID-19 or 6,350.13 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 591.86 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 18 July 2021, 20.6% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
},
"Waste and recycling": {
"municipal solid waste generated annually": {
@ -564,9 +564,9 @@
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for nonconsecutive terms); election last held on 11 April 2021 with a runoff on 6 June 2021 (next to be held in April 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br /><em>2021:</em> percent of vote in first round - Jose Pedro CASTILLO Terrones (Free Peru) 18.9%, Keiko Sofia FUJIMORI Higuchi (Popular Force) 13.4%, Rafael LOPEZ ALIAGA Cazorla (Popular Renewal) 11.8%, Hernando DE SOTO Polar (Social Integration Party) 11.6%, Yonhy LESCANO Ancieta (Popular Action) 9.1%, Veronika MENDOZA Frisch (JP) 7.9%, Cesar ACUNA Peralta (APP) 6%, George FORSYTH Sommer (VN) 5.7%, Daniel Belizario URRESTI Elera (We Can Peru) 5.6%, other 10%; percent of vote second round - Jose Pedro CASTILLO Terrones (Free Peru) 50.1%, Keiko Sofia FUJIMORI Higuchi (Popular Force) 49.9%; note - though 100% percent of the vote in the second round has been counted, official results have yet to be declared by the National Jury of Elections (Jurado Nacional de Elecciones); note - the new president is scheduled to take office on 28 July 2021<br /><br /><em>2016:</em> Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI Godard elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Keiko FUJIMORI Higuchi (Popular Force) 39.9%, Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI Godard (PPK) 21.1%, Veronika MENDOZA (Broad Front) 18.7%, Alfredo BARNECHEA (Popular Action) 7%, Alan GARCIA (APRA) 5.8%, other 7.5%; percent of vote in second round - Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI Godard 50.1%, Keiko FUJIMORI Higuchi 49.9%"
"text": "<br><em>2021: </em>Jose Pedro CASTILLO Terrones elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Jose Pedro CASTILLO Terrones (Free Peru) 18.9%, Keiko Sofia FUJIMORI Higuchi (Popular Force) 13.4%, Rafael LOPEZ ALIAGA Cazorla (Popular Renewal) 11.8%, Hernando DE SOTO Polar (Social Integration Party) 11.6%, Yonhy LESCANO Ancieta (Popular Action) 9.1%, Veronika MENDOZA Frisch (JP) 7.9%, Cesar ACUNA Peralta (APP) 6%, George FORSYTH Sommer (VN) 5.7%, Daniel Belizario URRESTI Elera (We Can Peru) 5.6%, other 10%; percent of vote second round - Jose Pedro CASTILLO Terrones (Free Peru) 50.1%, Keiko Sofia FUJIMORI Higuchi (Popular Force) 49.9%; note - the new president is scheduled to take office on 28 July 2021<br><br><em>2016:</em> Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI Godard elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Keiko FUJIMORI Higuchi (Popular Force) 39.9%, Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI Godard (PPK) 21.1%, Veronika MENDOZA (Broad Front) 18.7%, Alfredo BARNECHEA (Popular Action) 7%, Alan GARCIA (APRA) 5.8%, other 7.5%; percent of vote in second round - Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI Godard 50.1%, Keiko FUJIMORI Higuchi 49.9%"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> President Martin Alberto VIZCARRA Cornejo assumed office after President Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI Godard resigned from office on 21 March 2018; after VIZCARRA was impeached on 9 November 2020, the constitutional line of succession led to the inauguration of the President of the Peruvian Congress, Manuel Arturo MERINO, as President of Peru on 10 November 2020; following his resignation only days later on 15 November 2020, Francisco Rafael SAGASTI Hochhausler - who had been elected by the legislature to be the new President of Congress on 16 November 2020 - was then sworn in as President of Peru on 17 November 2020 by line of succession\r\n<br><br><strong>note:</strong> Prime Minister Violeta BERMUDEZ (since 18 November 2020) does not exercise executive power; this power rests with the president<br /><br />"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> President Martin Alberto VIZCARRA Cornejo assumed office after President Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI Godard resigned from office on 21 March 2018; after VIZCARRA was impeached on 9 November 2020, the constitutional line of succession led to the inauguration of the President of the Peruvian Congress, Manuel Arturo MERINO, as President of Peru on 10 November 2020; following his resignation only days later on 15 November 2020, Francisco Rafael SAGASTI Hochhausler - who had been elected by the legislature to be the new President of Congress on 16 November 2020 - was then sworn in as President of Peru on 17 November 2020 by line of succession\r\n<br><br><strong>note:</strong> Prime Minister Violeta BERMUDEZ (since 18 November 2020) does not exercise executive power; this power rests with the president<br><br>"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
@ -591,7 +591,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "<p>Alliance for Progress (Alianza para el Progreso) or APP [Cesar ACUNA Peralta] <br />American Popular Revolutionary Alliance or APRA [Cesar TRELLES Lara]<br />Broad Front (Frente Amplio; also known as El Frente Amplio por Justicia, Vida y Libertad) (coalition includes Nuevo Peru [Veronika MENDOZA], Tierra y Libertad [Marco ARANA Zegarra], and Fuerza Social [Susana VILLARAN de la Puente]<br />Free Peru (Peru Libre) [Vladimir CERRON Rojas]<br />National Solidarity (Solidaridad Nacional) or SN [Luis CASTANEDA Lossio]<br />National Victory (Victoria Nacional) or VN [George FORSYTH Sommer]<br />Peru Posible or PP (coalition includes Accion Popular and Somos Peru) [Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique]<br />Peruvian Aprista Party (Partido Aprista Peruano) or PAP [Javier VELASQUEZ Quesquen] (also referred to by its original name Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana or APRA)<br />Peruvian Nationalist Party [Ollanta HUMALA]<br />Peruvians for Change (Peruanos Por el Kambio) or PPK [Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI]<br />Popular Action (Accion Popular) or AP [Mesias GUEVARA Amasifuen]<br />Popular Christian Party (Partido Popular Cristiano) or PPC [Lourdes FLORES Nano]<br />Popular Force (Fuerza Popular; formerly Fuerza 2011) [Keiko FUJIMORI Higuchi]<br />Popular Renewal (Renovacion Popular) [Rafael LOPEZ ALIAGA]<br />Purple Party (Partido Morado) [Julio Armando GUZMAN Caceres]<br />Social Integration Party (Avanza Pais - Partido de Integracion Social) [Pedro CENAS Casamayor]<br />Together For Peru (Juntos por el Peru) or JP [Robert SANCHEZ Palomino]<br />We Are Peru (Somos Peru) [Patricia LI]<br />We Can Peru (Podemos Peru) [Jose Leon LUNA Galvez]</p>"
"text": "<p>Alliance for Progress (Alianza para el Progreso) or APP [Cesar ACUNA Peralta] <br>American Popular Revolutionary Alliance or APRA [Cesar TRELLES Lara]<br>Broad Front (Frente Amplio; also known as El Frente Amplio por Justicia, Vida y Libertad) (coalition includes Nuevo Peru [Veronika MENDOZA], Tierra y Libertad [Marco ARANA Zegarra], and Fuerza Social [Susana VILLARAN de la Puente]<br>Free Peru (Peru Libre) [Vladimir CERRON Rojas]<br>National Solidarity (Solidaridad Nacional) or SN [Luis CASTANEDA Lossio]<br>National Victory (Victoria Nacional) or VN [George FORSYTH Sommer]<br>Peru Posible or PP (coalition includes Accion Popular and Somos Peru) [Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique]<br>Peruvian Aprista Party (Partido Aprista Peruano) or PAP [Javier VELASQUEZ Quesquen] (also referred to by its original name Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana or APRA)<br>Peruvian Nationalist Party [Ollanta HUMALA]<br>Peruvians for Change (Peruanos Por el Kambio) or PPK [Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI]<br>Popular Action (Accion Popular) or AP [Mesias GUEVARA Amasifuen]<br>Popular Christian Party (Partido Popular Cristiano) or PPC [Lourdes FLORES Nano]<br>Popular Force (Fuerza Popular; formerly Fuerza 2011) [Keiko FUJIMORI Higuchi]<br>Popular Renewal (Renovacion Popular) [Rafael LOPEZ ALIAGA]<br>Purple Party (Partido Morado) [Julio Armando GUZMAN Caceres]<br>Social Integration Party (Avanza Pais - Partido de Integracion Social) [Pedro CENAS Casamayor]<br>Together For Peru (Juntos por el Peru) or JP [Robert SANCHEZ Palomino]<br>We Are Peru (Somos Peru) [Patricia LI]<br>We Can Peru (Podemos Peru) [Jose Leon LUNA Galvez]</p>"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "APEC, BIS, CAN, CD, CELAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance, PCA, SICA (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNOCI, UN Security Council (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1022,7 +1022,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "<p>economic impact on telcom services during pandemic due to consumer unemployment; good mobile operator competition with LTE services; fixed-line tele-density remains among lowest in South America, with obstacles to growth including widespread poverty, fixed-to-mobile substitution, expensive telephone services, and geographical inaccessibility in the Andean mountains and Amazon jungles;&nbsp;government investment in underserved areas with fiber backbone; government facilitated virtual learning during pandemic via tablets with Internet connectivity; 3G network and new LTE services expanded providing mobile broadband to rural communities, though low penetration still exists; major importer of broadcasting equipment and computers from China (2021)</p> (2020)"
"text": "<p>economic impact on telcom services during pandemic due to consumer unemployment; good mobile operator competition with LTE services; fixed-line tele-density remains among lowest in South America, with obstacles to growth including widespread poverty, fixed-to-mobile substitution, expensive telephone services, and geographical inaccessibility in the Andean mountains and Amazon jungles; government investment in underserved areas with fiber backbone; government facilitated virtual learning during pandemic via tablets with Internet connectivity; 3G network and new LTE services expanded providing mobile broadband to rural communities, though low penetration still exists; major importer of broadcasting equipment and computers from China (2021)</p> (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line teledensity is only about 10 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity, spurred by competition among multiple providers, now 124 telephones per 100 persons; nationwide microwave radio relay system and a domestic satellite system with 12 earth stations (2019)"
@ -1203,8 +1203,8 @@
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>"
"text": "Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

24
south-america/uy.json
View file

@ -127,7 +127,7 @@
"text": "Spanish (official)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de informaci&oacute;n b&aacute;sica. (Spanish)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -309,13 +309,13 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "0.6% (2018 est.)"
"text": "0.4% (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "14,000 (2018 est.)"
"text": "12,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "<200 (2018 est.)"
"text": "<200 (2020 est.)"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "27.9% (2016)"
@ -543,18 +543,18 @@
"text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for nonconsecutive terms); election last held on 27 October 2019 with a runoff election on 24 November 2019 (next to be held in October 2024, and a runoff if needed in November 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br /><em>2019:</em> Luis Alberto LACALLE POU elected president - results of the first round of presidential elections: percent of vote - Daniel MARTINEZ (FA) 40.7%, Luis Alberto LACALLE POU (Blanco) 29.7%, Ernesto TALVI (Colorado Party) 12.8%, and Guido MANINI RIOS (Open Cabildo) 11.3%, other 5.5%; results of the second round: percent of vote - Luis Alberto LACALLE POU (Blanco) 50.6%, Daniel MARTINEZ (FA) 49.4%<br /><br /><em>2014:</em> Tabare VAZQUEZ elected president in second round; percent of vote - Tabare VAZQUEZ (Socialist Party) 56.5%, Luis Alberto LACALLE Pou (Blanco) 43.4%"
"text": "<br><em>2019:</em> Luis Alberto LACALLE POU elected president - results of the first round of presidential elections: percent of vote - Daniel MARTINEZ (FA) 40.7%, Luis Alberto LACALLE POU (Blanco) 29.7%, Ernesto TALVI (Colorado Party) 12.8%, and Guido MANINI RIOS (Open Cabildo) 11.3%, other 5.5%; results of the second round: percent of vote - Luis Alberto LACALLE POU (Blanco) 50.6%, Daniel MARTINEZ (FA) 49.4%<br><br><em>2014:</em> Tabare VAZQUEZ elected president in second round; percent of vote - Tabare VAZQUEZ (Socialist Party) 56.5%, Luis Alberto LACALLE Pou (Blanco) 43.4%"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral General Assembly or Asamblea General consists of:<br />Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (31 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; the vice-president serves as the presiding ex-officio member; elected members serve 5-year terms)<br /> Chamber of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (99 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)"
"text": "bicameral General Assembly or Asamblea General consists of:<br>Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (31 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; the vice-president serves as the presiding ex-officio member; elected members serve 5-year terms)<br> Chamber of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (99 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br />Chamber of Senators - last held on 27 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2024) <br />Chamber of Representatives - last held on 27 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2024)"
"text": "<br>Chamber of Senators - last held on 27 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2024) <br>Chamber of Representatives - last held on 27 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br />Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by coalition/party - na; seats by coalition/party - Frente Amplio 13, National Party 10, Colorado Party 4, Open Cabildo 3;<br /><br /> Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by coalition/party - na; seats by coalition/party - Frente Amplio 42, National Party 30, Colorado Party 13, Open Cabildo 11, Independent Party 1, other 2"
"text": "<br>Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by coalition/party - na; seats by coalition/party - Frente Amplio 13, National Party 10, Colorado Party 4, Open Cabildo 3;<br><br> Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by coalition/party - na; seats by coalition/party - Frente Amplio 42, National Party 30, Colorado Party 13, Open Cabildo 11, Independent Party 1, other 2"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -569,7 +569,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Broad Front or FA (Frente Amplio) [Javier MIRANDA] - (a broad governing coalition that includes Uruguay Assembly [Danilo ASTORI], Progressive Alliance [Rodolfo NIN NOVOA], New Space [Rafael MICHELINI], Socialist Party [Monica XAVIER], Vertiente Artiguista [Enrique RUBIO], Christian Democratic Party [Jorge RODRIGUEZ], For the People&rsquo;s Victory [Luis PUIG], Popular Participation Movement (MPP) [Jose MUJICA], Broad Front Commitment [Raul SENDIC], Big House [Constanza MOREIRA], Communist Party [Marcos CARAMBULA], The Federal League [Dario PEREZ]<br />Colorado Party (including Vamos Uruguay (or Let's Go Uruguay), Open Space [Tabare VIERA], and Open Batllism [Ope PASQUET])<br />Independent Party [Pablo MIERES]<br />National Party or Blanco (including Everyone [Luis LACALLE POU] and National Alliance [Jorge LARRANAGA])<br />Popular Unity [Gonzalo ABELLA]<br />Open Cabildo [Guido MANINI RIOS]"
"text": "Broad Front or FA (Frente Amplio) [Javier MIRANDA] - (a broad governing coalition that includes Uruguay Assembly [Danilo ASTORI], Progressive Alliance [Rodolfo NIN NOVOA], New Space [Rafael MICHELINI], Socialist Party [Monica XAVIER], Vertiente Artiguista [Enrique RUBIO], Christian Democratic Party [Jorge RODRIGUEZ], For the People’s Victory [Luis PUIG], Popular Participation Movement (MPP) [Jose MUJICA], Broad Front Commitment [Raul SENDIC], Big House [Constanza MOREIRA], Communist Party [Marcos CARAMBULA], The Federal League [Dario PEREZ]<br>Colorado Party (including Vamos Uruguay (or Let's Go Uruguay), Open Space [Tabare VIERA], and Open Batllism [Ope PASQUET])<br>Independent Party [Pablo MIERES]<br>National Party or Blanco (including Everyone [Luis LACALLE POU] and National Alliance [Jorge LARRANAGA])<br>Popular Unity [Gonzalo ABELLA]<br>Open Cabildo [Guido MANINI RIOS]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "CAN (associate), CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), OAS, OIF (observer), OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMOGIP, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -627,7 +627,7 @@
},
"Economy": {
"Economic overview": {
"text": "<p>Uruguay has a free market economy characterized by an export-oriented agricultural sector, a well-educated workforce, and high levels of social spending. Uruguay has sought to expand trade within the Common Market of the South (Mercosur) and with non-Mercosur members, and President VAZQUEZ has maintained his predecessor's mix of pro-market policies and a strong social safety net.&nbsp;<br /><br /></p> Following financial difficulties in the late 1990s and early 2000s, Uruguay's economic growth averaged 8% annually during the 2004-08 period. The 2008-09 global financial crisis put a brake on Uruguay's vigorous growth, which decelerated to 2.6% in 2009. Nevertheless, the country avoided a recession and kept growth rates positive, mainly through higher public expenditure and investment; GDP growth reached 8.9% in 2010 but slowed markedly in the 2012-16 period as a result of a renewed slowdown in the global economy and in Uruguay's main trade partners and Mercosur counterparts, Argentina and Brazil. Reforms in those countries should give Uruguay an economic boost. Growth picked up in 2017."
"text": "<p>Uruguay has a free market economy characterized by an export-oriented agricultural sector, a well-educated workforce, and high levels of social spending. Uruguay has sought to expand trade within the Common Market of the South (Mercosur) and with non-Mercosur members, and President VAZQUEZ has maintained his predecessor's mix of pro-market policies and a strong social safety net. <br><br></p> Following financial difficulties in the late 1990s and early 2000s, Uruguay's economic growth averaged 8% annually during the 2004-08 period. The 2008-09 global financial crisis put a brake on Uruguay's vigorous growth, which decelerated to 2.6% in 2009. Nevertheless, the country avoided a recession and kept growth rates positive, mainly through higher public expenditure and investment; GDP growth reached 8.9% in 2010 but slowed markedly in the 2012-16 period as a result of a renewed slowdown in the global economy and in Uruguay's main trade partners and Mercosur counterparts, Argentina and Brazil. Reforms in those countries should give Uruguay an economic boost. Growth picked up in 2017."
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
@ -986,7 +986,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "<p>Uruguay has an advanced telecom market, with excellent infrastructure and one of the highest broadband penetration rates in Latin America; fully digitized; high computer use and fixed-line/mobile penetrations;&nbsp;deployment of fiber infrastructure will encourage economic growth and stimulate e-commerce; state-owned monopoly on fixed-line market and dominance of mobile market; nationwide 3G coverage and LTE networks; limited 5G commercial reach; strong focus on fiber infrastructure with high percentage of residential fixed-broadband connections and near total business connections; importer of broadcasting equipment from China (2021)</p> (2020)"
"text": "<p>Uruguay has an advanced telecom market, with excellent infrastructure and one of the highest broadband penetration rates in Latin America; fully digitized; high computer use and fixed-line/mobile penetrations; deployment of fiber infrastructure will encourage economic growth and stimulate e-commerce; state-owned monopoly on fixed-line market and dominance of mobile market; nationwide 3G coverage and LTE networks; limited 5G commercial reach; strong focus on fiber infrastructure with high percentage of residential fixed-broadband connections and near total business connections; importer of broadcasting equipment from China (2021)</p> (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "most modern facilities concentrated in Montevideo; nationwide microwave radio relay network; overall fixed-line 34 per 100 and mobile-cellular teledensity 138 per 100 persons (2019)"
@ -1128,7 +1128,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the Armed Forces of Uruguay have approximately 22,000 active personnel (14,500 Army; 5,000 Navy; 2,500 Air Force) (2020)"
"text": "the Armed Forces of Uruguay have approximately 22,000 active personnel (14,500 Army; 5,000 Navy; 2,500 Air Force) (2021)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the inventory of the Armed Forces of Uruguay includes a wide variety of older or second-hand equipment; since 2010, it has imported limited amounts of military hardware from about 10 countries with Spain as the leading supplier (2020)"

35
south-america/ve.json
View file

@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
"text": "Spanish (official), numerous indigenous dialects"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de informaci&oacute;n b&aacute;sica. (Spanish)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -280,13 +280,10 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "0.5% (2019 est.)"
"text": "0.5% (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "110,000 (2019 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "NA"
"text": "100,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"degree of risk": {
@ -414,7 +411,7 @@
},
"Food insecurity": {
"widespread lack of access": {
"text": "due to severe economic crisis - the total number of refugees and migrants from the country is estimated at 5.4 million, with the largest populations located in Colombia, Peru, and Chile; humanitarian needs for refugees and migrants are significant; food insecurity situations of migrants reportedly worsened in 2020 due to losses of income-generating opportunities in the host countries amid the COVID‑19 pandemic; the expected slow recovery of the host countries&rsquo; economies is likely to only marginally restore livelihoods of migrants; according to World Food Program&rsquo;s food security assessment, conducted in the third quarter of 2019, about 2.3 million people in the country (8% of the total population) were severely food insecure, mainly as a result of high food prices (2021)"
"text": "due to severe economic crisis - the total number of refugees and migrants from the country is estimated at 5.4 million, with the largest populations located in Colombia, Peru, and Chile; humanitarian needs for refugees and migrants are significant; the national economy, highly dependent on oil production and exports, is forecast to contract in 2021 for the eighth consecutive year; with the persistent negative effects of the COVID‑19 pandemic that have compounded the already severe macro‑economic crisis, the access to food of the most vulnerable households is expected to deteriorate throughout 2021 due to widespread losses of income‑generating activities and soaring food prices (2021)"
}
},
"Waste and recycling": {
@ -502,7 +499,7 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "Notification Statement: the United States recognizes Juan GUAIDO as the Interim President of Venezuela<br /><br />President Nicolas MADURO Moros (since 19 April 2013); Executive Vice President Delcy RODRIGUEZ Gomez (since 14 June 2018); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government"
"text": "Notification Statement: the United States recognizes Juan GUAIDO as the Interim President of Venezuela<br><br>President Nicolas MADURO Moros (since 19 April 2013); Executive Vice President Delcy RODRIGUEZ Gomez (since 14 June 2018); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "President Nicolas MADURO Moros (since 19 April 2013); Executive Vice President Delcy RODRIGUEZ Gomez (since 14 June 2018)"
@ -514,7 +511,7 @@
"text": "president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 6-year term (no term limits); election last held on 20 May 2018 (next election scheduled for 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "2018: Nicolas MADURO Moros reelected president; percent of vote - Nicolas MADURO Moros (PSUV) 68%, Henri FALCON (AP) 21%, Javier BERTUCCI 11%; note - the election was marked by serious shortcomings and electoral fraud; voter turnout was approximately 46% due largely to an opposition boycott of the election<br /><br />2013: Nicolas MADURO Moros elected president; percent of vote - Nicolas MADURO Moros (PSUV) 50.6%, Henrique CAPRILES Radonski (PJ) 49.1%, other 0.3%"
"text": "2018: Nicolas MADURO Moros reelected president; percent of vote - Nicolas MADURO Moros (PSUV) 68%, Henri FALCON (AP) 21%, Javier BERTUCCI 11%; note - the election was marked by serious shortcomings and electoral fraud; voter turnout was approximately 46% due largely to an opposition boycott of the election<br><br>2013: Nicolas MADURO Moros elected president; percent of vote - Nicolas MADURO Moros (PSUV) 50.6%, Henrique CAPRILES Radonski (PJ) 49.1%, other 0.3%"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -540,7 +537,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "<p>A New Era or UNT [Manuel ROSALES]<br />Brave People's Alliance or ABP [Richard BLANCO]<br />Cambiemos Movimiento Ciudadano or CMC [Timoteo ZAMBRANO]<br />Christian Democrats or COPEI [<span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Miguel SALAZAR</span>]<br />Clear Accounts or CC [Enzo SCARENO]<br />Coalition of parties loyal to Nicolas MADURO -- Great Patriotic Pole or GPP [Nicolas MADURO]<br />Coalition of opposition parties -- Democratic Alliance (Alianza Democratica) (comprised of AD, EL CAMBIO, COPEI, CMC, and AP)<br />Come Venezuela (Vente Venezuela) or VV [Maria MACHADO]<br />Communist Party of Venezuela or PCV [Oscar FIGUERA]<br />Democratic Action or AD [<span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Jose Bernabe GUTIERREZ Parra</span>]<br />EL CAMBIO (The Change) [Javier Alejandro BERTUCCI Carrero]<br />Justice First or PJ [Julio BORGES]<br />Popular Will or VP [Leopoldo LOPEZ]<br />Progressive Wave or AP [Henri FALCON]<br />The Radical Cause or La Causa R [Andres VELAZQUEZ]<br />United Socialist Party of Venezuela or PSUV [Nicolas MADURO]<br />Venezuelan Progressive Movement or MPV [Simon CALZADILLA]<br />Venezuela Project or PV [Henrique Fernando SALAS FEO]</p>"
"text": "<p>A New Era or UNT [Manuel ROSALES]<br>Brave People's Alliance or ABP [Richard BLANCO]<br>Cambiemos Movimiento Ciudadano or CMC [Timoteo ZAMBRANO]<br>Christian Democrats or COPEI [Miguel SALAZAR]<br>Clear Accounts or CC [Enzo SCARENO]<br>Coalition of parties loyal to Nicolas MADURO -- Great Patriotic Pole or GPP [Nicolas MADURO]<br>Coalition of opposition parties -- Democratic Alliance (Alianza Democratica) (comprised of AD, EL CAMBIO, COPEI, CMC, and AP)<br>Come Venezuela (Vente Venezuela) or VV [Maria MACHADO]<br>Communist Party of Venezuela or PCV [Oscar FIGUERA]<br>Democratic Action or AD [Jose Bernabe GUTIERREZ Parra]<br>EL CAMBIO (The Change) [Javier Alejandro BERTUCCI Carrero]<br>Justice First or PJ [Julio BORGES]<br>Popular Will or VP [Leopoldo LOPEZ]<br>Progressive Wave or AP [Henri FALCON]<br>The Radical Cause or La Causa R [Andres VELAZQUEZ]<br>United Socialist Party of Venezuela or PSUV [Nicolas MADURO]<br>Venezuelan Progressive Movement or MPV [Simon CALZADILLA]<br>Venezuela Project or PV [Henrique Fernando SALAS FEO]</p>"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "Caricom (observer), CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, LAS (observer), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, Petrocaribe, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -567,10 +564,10 @@
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires James \"Jimmy\" STORY (since July 2018); note - on 11 March 2019, the Department of State announced the temporary suspension of operations of the US Embassy in Caracas and the withdrawal of diplomatic personnel; all consular services, routine and emergency, are suspended"
},
"telephone": {
"text": "[58] (212) 975-6411, 907-8400 (after hours)<br /> <div class=\"cityname1\">&nbsp;</div>"
"text": "[58] (212) 975-6411, 907-8400 (after hours)<br>  "
},
"embassy": {
"text": "now operating from Bogota, Colombia<br />previously - F St. and Suapure St.; Urb . Colinas de Valle Arriba; Caracas 1080"
"text": "now operating from Bogota, Colombia<br>previously - F St. and Suapure St.; Urb . Colinas de Valle Arriba; Caracas 1080"
},
"mailing address": {
"text": "P. O. Box 62291, Caracas 1060-A; APO AA 34037"
@ -953,7 +950,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "<p>telecom industry struggling due to political upheaval in the country; poor quality of service in many areas of the country due to decrepit state of fixed-line network and operators&rsquo; inability to pay for equipment from foreign vendors; operator suffering from stolen or damaged infrastructure; many consumers favor mobile service, and cancel their fixed-line services; popularity of social networks caused growth in mobile data traffic; LTE coverage to about half of the population; government launched National Fiber Optic backbone project in 2019; national satellite drifted off course and became non-operational; American company closed a telecom service due to government sanction and a Chilean company later acquired the service; Internet freedom deteriorating amid crisis, with frequent disruptions to service and monitoring; importer of broadcasting equipment from the USA (2021)</p> (2020)"
"text": "<p>telecom industry struggling due to political upheaval in the country; poor quality of service in many areas of the country due to decrepit state of fixed-line network and operators’ inability to pay for equipment from foreign vendors; operator suffering from stolen or damaged infrastructure; many consumers favor mobile service, and cancel their fixed-line services; popularity of social networks caused growth in mobile data traffic; LTE coverage to about half of the population; government launched National Fiber Optic backbone project in 2019; national satellite drifted off course and became non-operational; American company closed a telecom service due to government sanction and a Chilean company later acquired the service; Internet freedom deteriorating amid crisis, with frequent disruptions to service and monitoring; importer of broadcasting equipment from the USA (2021)</p> (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "two domestic satellite systems with three earth stations; recent substantial improvement in telephone service in rural areas; 3 major providers operate in the mobile market and compete with state-owned company; fixed-line 19 per 100 and mobile-cellular telephone subscribership about 58 per 100 persons (2019)"
@ -1087,8 +1084,8 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Bolivarian National Armed Forces (Fuerza Armada Nacional Bolivariana, FANB): Bolivarian Army (Ejercito Bolivariano, EB), Bolivarian Navy (Armada Bolivariana, AB; includes marines, Coast Guard), Bolivarian Military Aviation (Aviacion Militar Bolivariana, AMB; includes a joint-service Aerospace Defense Command (Comando de Defensa Aeroespacial Integral, CODAI); Bolivarian National Guard (Guardia Nacional Bolivaria, GNB); Bolivarian Militia (Milicia Bolivariana, NMB)<br /><br />Bolivarian National Police: Special Action Forces (Fuerzas de Acciones Especiales, FAES) (2020)<br><br>note(s): the CODAI is a joint service command with personnel drawn from other services; <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the FAES police paramilitary unit was created by President MADURO after the </span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2017 anti-government protests to fight crime; it has been accused of multiple human rights abuses</span>",
"note": "note(s): the CODAI is a joint service command with personnel drawn from other services; <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the FAES police paramilitary unit was created by President MADURO after the </span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2017 anti-government protests to fight crime; it has been accused of multiple human rights abuses</span>"
"text": "Bolivarian National Armed Forces (Fuerza Armada Nacional Bolivariana, FANB): Bolivarian Army (Ejercito Bolivariano, EB), Bolivarian Navy (Armada Bolivariana, AB; includes marines, Coast Guard), Bolivarian Military Aviation (Aviacion Militar Bolivariana, AMB; includes a joint-service Aerospace Defense Command (Comando de Defensa Aeroespacial Integral, CODAI); Bolivarian National Guard (Guardia Nacional Bolivaria, GNB); Bolivarian Militia (Milicia Bolivariana, NMB)<br><br>Bolivarian National Police: Special Action Forces (Fuerzas de Acciones Especiales, FAES) (2020)<br><br>note(s): the CODAI is a joint service command with personnel drawn from other services; the FAES police paramilitary unit was created by President MADURO after the 2017 anti-government protests to fight crime; it has been accused of multiple human rights abuses",
"note": "note(s): the CODAI is a joint service command with personnel drawn from other services; the FAES police paramilitary unit was created by President MADURO after the 2017 anti-government protests to fight crime; it has been accused of multiple human rights abuses"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2017": {
@ -1108,7 +1105,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "estimates for the size of the Bolivarian National Armed Forces (FANB) vary; approximately 150,000 personnel (60,000 Army; 30,000 Navy, including marines and Coast Guard; 10,000 Air Force; est. 50,000 National Guard); est. 100-150,000 Bolivarian Militia (2020)<br><br>note - at the end of 2018, the Venezuelan Government claimed the Bolivarian Militia had 1.6 million members, but most reportedly have little to no military training",
"text": "information varies; approximately 125-150,000 active personnel, including National Guard (2020)<br><br>note - at the end of 2018, the Venezuelan Government claimed the Bolivarian Militia had 1.6 million members, but most reportedly have little to no military training",
"note": "note - at the end of 2018, the Venezuelan Government claimed the Bolivarian Militia had 1.6 million members, but most reportedly have little to no military training"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
@ -1126,8 +1123,8 @@
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "National Liberation Army (ELN); Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>"
"text": "National Liberation Army (ELN); Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
@ -1138,7 +1135,7 @@
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "67,622 (Colombia) (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:&nbsp;</strong>As of December 2020, more than 800,000 Venezuelans have applied for asylum worldwide"
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>As of December 2020, more than 800,000 Venezuelans have applied for asylum worldwide"
},
"Trafficking in persons": {
"current situation": {