auto-update week 30

middle-east/tu.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "Introduction": {
     "Background": {
-      "text": "<p>Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk or \"Father of the Turks.\" Under his leadership, the country adopted radical social, legal, and political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950 election victory of the opposition Democrat Party and the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, but democracy has been fractured by periods of instability and military coups (1960, 1971, 1980), which in each case eventually resulted in a return of formal political power to civilians. In 1997, the military again helped engineer the ouster - popularly dubbed a \"post-modern coup\" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. An unsuccessful coup attempt was made in July 2016 by a faction of the Turkish Armed Forces.</p> <p>Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus,\" which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist insurgency begun in 1984 by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), a US-designated terrorist organization, has long dominated the attention of Turkish security forces and claimed more than 40,000 lives. In 2013, the Turkish Government and the PKK conducted negotiations aimed at ending the violence, however intense fighting resumed in 2015. Turkey joined the UN in 1945 and in 1952 it became a member of NATO. In 1963, Turkey became an associate member of the European Community; it began accession talks with the EU in 2005. Over the past decade, economic reforms, coupled with some political reforms, have contributed to a growing economy, although economic growth slowed in recent years.</p> <p>From 2015 and continuing through 2016, Turkey witnessed an uptick in terrorist violence, including major attacks in Ankara, Istanbul, and throughout the predominantly Kurdish southeastern region of Turkey. On 15 July 2016, elements of the Turkish Armed forces attempted a coup that ultimately failed following widespread popular resistance. More than 240 people were killed and over 2,000 injured when Turkish citizens took to the streets en masse to confront the coup forces. The government accused followers of the Fethullah Gulen transnational religious and social movement (\"Hizmet\") for allegedly instigating the failed coup and designates the movement&rsquo;s followers as terrorists. Since the attempted coup, Turkish Government authorities arrested, suspended, or dismissed more than 130,000 security personnel, journalists, judges, academics, and civil servants due to their alleged connection to Gulen's movement. Following the failed coup, the Turkish Government instituted a State of Emergency from July 2016 to July 2018. The Turkish Government conducted a referendum on 16 April 2017 in which voters approved constitutional amendments changing Turkey from a parliamentary to a presidential system. The amendments went into effect fully following the presidential and parliamentary elections in June 2018.</p>"
+      "text": "<p>Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk or \"Father of the Turks.\" Under his leadership, the country adopted radical social, legal, and political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950 election victory of the opposition Democrat Party and the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, but democracy has been fractured by periods of instability and military coups (1960, 1971, 1980), which in each case eventually resulted in a return of formal political power to civilians. In 1997, the military again helped engineer the ouster - popularly dubbed a \"post-modern coup\" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. An unsuccessful coup attempt was made in July 2016 by a faction of the Turkish Armed Forces.</p> <p>Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus,\" which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist insurgency begun in 1984 by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), a US-designated terrorist organization, has long dominated the attention of Turkish security forces and claimed more than 40,000 lives. In 2013, the Turkish Government and the PKK conducted negotiations aimed at ending the violence, however intense fighting resumed in 2015. Turkey joined the UN in 1945 and in 1952 it became a member of NATO. In 1963, Turkey became an associate member of the European Community; it began accession talks with the EU in 2005. Over the past decade, economic reforms, coupled with some political reforms, have contributed to a growing economy, although economic growth slowed in recent years.</p> <p>From 2015 and continuing through 2016, Turkey witnessed an uptick in terrorist violence, including major attacks in Ankara, Istanbul, and throughout the predominantly Kurdish southeastern region of Turkey. On 15 July 2016, elements of the Turkish Armed forces attempted a coup that ultimately failed following widespread popular resistance. More than 240 people were killed and over 2,000 injured when Turkish citizens took to the streets en masse to confront the coup forces. The government accused followers of the Fethullah Gulen transnational religious and social movement (\"Hizmet\") for allegedly instigating the failed coup and designates the movement’s followers as terrorists. Since the attempted coup, Turkish Government authorities arrested, suspended, or dismissed more than 130,000 security personnel, journalists, judges, academics, and civil servants due to their alleged connection to Gulen's movement. Following the failed coup, the Turkish Government instituted a State of Emergency from July 2016 to July 2018. The Turkish Government conducted a referendum on 16 April 2017 in which voters approved constitutional amendments changing Turkey from a parliamentary to a presidential system. The amendments went into effect fully following the presidential and parliamentary elections in June 2018.</p>"
     }
   },
   "Geography": {
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
         "text": "Turkish (official), Kurdish, other minority languages"
       },
       "printed major-language sample": {
-        "text": "<br />The World Factbook, temel bilgi edinmek i&ccedil;in vazge&ccedil;ilmez bir kaynak. (Turkish)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
+        "text": "<br>The World Factbook, temel bilgi edinmek için vazgeçilmez bir kaynak. (Turkish)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
       }
     },
     "Religions": {
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@
       "respiratory diseases": {
         "text": "Covid-19 (2020)"
       },
-      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Turkey; as of 6 June 2021, Turkey has reported a total of 5,282,594<span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> </span>cases of COVID-19 or 6,263.5 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 57 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 14 June 2021, 24.86% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
+      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Turkey; as of 6 June 2021, Turkey has reported a total of 5,537,386 cases of COVID-19 or 6,565.62 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 60 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 46.29% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
     },
     "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
       "text": "32.1% (2016)"
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@
       "respiratory diseases": {
         "text": "Covid-19 (2020)"
       },
-      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Turkey; as of 6 June 2021, Turkey has reported a total of 5,282,594<span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> </span>cases of COVID-19 or 6,263.5 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 57 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 14 June 2021, 24.86% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
+      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Turkey; as of 6 June 2021, Turkey has reported a total of 5,537,386 cases of COVID-19 or 6,565.62 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 60 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 46.29% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
     },
     "Waste and recycling": {
       "municipal solid waste generated annually": {
@@ -565,8 +565,8 @@
       }
     },
     "Political parties and leaders": {
-      "text": "Democrat Party or DP [Gultekin UYSAL]<br />Democratic Regions Party or DBP [Sebahat TUNCEL, Mehmet ARSLAN]<br />Felicity Party or SP [Temel KARAMOLLAOGLU]<br />Free Cause Party or HUDAPAR [Ishak SAGLAM]<br />Good Party or TYIi [Meral AKSENER]<br />Grand Unity Party or BBP [Mustafa DESTICI]<br />Justice and Development Party or AKP [Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN]<br />Nation Alliance (CHP, IYI, SP) (electoral alliance)<br />Nationalist Movement Party or MHP [Devlet BAHCELI]<br />People's Alliance (AKP, MHP) (electoral alliance)<br />Patriotic Party or VP [Dogu PERINCEK]<br />Peoples' Democratic Party or HDP [Pervin BULDAN, Sezai TEMELLI]<br />Republican People's Party or CHP [Kemal KILICDAROGLU]<br><br><strong>note:&nbsp;</strong> as of December 2018, 83 political parties were legally registered",
-      "note": "<strong>note:&nbsp;</strong> as of December 2018, 83 political parties were legally registered"
+      "text": "Democrat Party or DP [Gultekin UYSAL]<br>Democratic Regions Party or DBP [Sebahat TUNCEL, Mehmet ARSLAN]<br>Felicity Party or SP [Temel KARAMOLLAOGLU]<br>Free Cause Party or HUDAPAR [Ishak SAGLAM]<br>Good Party or TYIi [Meral AKSENER]<br>Grand Unity Party or BBP [Mustafa DESTICI]<br>Justice and Development Party or AKP [Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN]<br>Nation Alliance (CHP, IYI, SP) (electoral alliance)<br>Nationalist Movement Party or MHP [Devlet BAHCELI]<br>People's Alliance (AKP, MHP) (electoral alliance)<br>Patriotic Party or VP [Dogu PERINCEK]<br>Peoples' Democratic Party or HDP [Pervin BULDAN, Sezai TEMELLI]<br>Republican People's Party or CHP [Kemal KILICDAROGLU]<br><br><strong>note: </strong> as of December 2018, 83 political parties were legally registered",
+      "note": "<strong>note: </strong> as of December 2018, 83 political parties were legally registered"
     },
     "International organization participation": {
       "text": "ADB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CERN (observer), CICA, CPLP (associate observer), D-8, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EU (candidate country), FAO, FATF, G-20, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, PIF (partner), SCO (dialogue member), SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@@ -994,7 +994,7 @@
     },
     "Telecommunication systems": {
       "general assessment": {
-        "text": "<p>following earthquake damage to infrastructure in 2020, telecom sector undergoing rapid modernization and expansion, especially in mobile-cellular services; mobile broadband becoming increasingly popular; near saturation of 4G LTE coverage for the population;&nbsp;strides made with 5G through investment by Huawei and Ericcson; fixed and mobile infrastructure will help to underpin Smart City initiatives; tight government control on social media platforms; importer of broadcasting equipment and computers from China (2021)</p> (2020)"
+        "text": "<p>following earthquake damage to infrastructure in 2020, telecom sector undergoing rapid modernization and expansion, especially in mobile-cellular services; mobile broadband becoming increasingly popular; near saturation of 4G LTE coverage for the population; strides made with 5G through investment by Huawei and Ericcson; fixed and mobile infrastructure will help to underpin Smart City initiatives; tight government control on social media platforms; importer of broadcasting equipment and computers from China (2021)</p> (2020)"
       },
       "domestic": {
         "text": "additional digital exchanges are permitting a rapid increase in subscribers; the construction of a network of technologically advanced intercity trunk lines, using both fiber-optic cable and digital microwave radio relay, is facilitating communication between urban centers; remote areas are reached by a domestic satellite system; fixed-line 14 per 100 and mobile-cellular teledensity is 97 telephones per 100 persons (2019)"
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
       }
     },
     "Military and security service personnel strengths": {
-      "text": "the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) have approximately 400,000 total active duty personnel (300,000 Army; 45,000 Navy; 50,000 Air Force); approximately 150,000 Gendarmerie (2020)"
+      "text": "information varies; approximately 425,000 active duty personnel (325,000 Army; 50,000 Navy; 50,000 Air Force); approximately 150,000 Gendarmerie (2021)"
     },
     "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
       "text": "the Turkish Armed Forces inventory is mostly comprised of a mix of domestically-produced and Western weapons systems, although in recent years, Turkey has also acquired some Chinese, Russian, and South Korean equipment; since 2010, the US is the leading provider of armaments to Turkey, followed by Italy, South Korea, and Spain; Turkey has a robust defense industry capable of producing a range of weapons systems for both export and internal use, including armored vehicles, naval vessels, and unmanned aerial platforms, although it is heavily dependent on Western technology; Turkey's defense industry also partners with other countries for defense production (2020)"
@@ -1173,8 +1173,8 @@
   },
   "Terrorism": {
     "Terrorist group(s)": {
-      "text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan; Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force; Kurdistan Workers' Party; al-Qa'ida; Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>",
-      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>"
+      "text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan; Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force; Kurdistan Workers' Party; al-Qa'ida; Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T",
+      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
     }
   },
   "Transnational Issues": {