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europe/pl.json
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@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
"text": "Polish (official) 98.2%, Silesian 1.4%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.3%; note - data represent the language spoken at home; shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census; Poland ratified the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in 2009 recognizing Kashub as a regional language, Czech, Hebrew, Yiddish, Belarusian, Lithuanian, German, Armenian, Russian, Slovak, and Ukrainian as national minority languages, and Karaim, Lemko, Romani (Polska Roma and Bergitka Roma), and Tatar as ethnic minority languages (2011 est.)"
},
"printed major-language sample": {
"text": "<br />Księga Fakt&oacute;w Świata, niezbędne źr&oacute;dło podstawowych informacji. (Polish)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
"text": "<br>Księga Faktów Świata, niezbędne źródło podstawowych informacji. (Polish)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -560,13 +560,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral legislature consists of:<br />Senate or Senat (100 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)<br /> Sejm (460 seats; members elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote with 5% threshold of total votes needed for parties and 8% for coalitions to gain seats; minorities exempt from threshold; members serve 4-year terms)"
"text": "bicameral legislature consists of:<br>Senate or Senat (100 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)<br> Sejm (460 seats; members elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote with 5% threshold of total votes needed for parties and 8% for coalitions to gain seats; minorities exempt from threshold; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br />Senate - last held on 13 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2023)<br /> Sejm - last held on 13 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2023)"
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 13 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2023)<br> Sejm - last held on 13 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br />Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PiS 48, KO 43, PSL 3, SLD 2, independent 4; composition - men 87, women 13, percent of women 13%<br /> Sejm - percent of vote by party - PiS 43.6%, KO 27.4%, SLD 12.6%, PSL 8.5% Confederation 6.8%, other 1.1%; seats by party - PiS 235, KO 134, SLD 49, PSL 30, KWiN 11, MN 1; men 334, women 126, percent of women 27.4%; note - total legislature percent of women 24.8%"
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PiS 48, KO 43, PSL 3, SLD 2, independent 4; composition - men 87, women 13, percent of women 13%<br> Sejm - percent of vote by party - PiS 43.6%, KO 27.4%, SLD 12.6%, PSL 8.5% Confederation 6.8%, other 1.1%; seats by party - PiS 235, KO 134, SLD 49, PSL 30, KWiN 11, MN 1; men 334, women 126, percent of women 27.4%; note - total legislature percent of women 24.8%"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the designation National Assembly or Zgromadzenie Narodowe is only used on those rare occasions when the 2 houses meet jointly"
},
@ -582,7 +582,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Civic Coalition or KO [Grzegorz SCHETYNA]<br />Confederation Liberty and Independence or KWiN [Janusz KORWIN-MIKKE, Robert WINNICKI, Grzegorz BRAUN]<br />Democratic Left Alliance or SLD [Wlodzimierz CZARZASTY]<br />German Minority or MN [Ryszard GALLA]<br />Kukiz 15 or K15 [Pawel KUKIZ]<br />Law and Justice or PiS [Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI]<br />TERAZ! (NOW!) [Ryszard PETRU]<br />Nowoczesna (Modern) or N [Katarzyna LUBNAUER]<br />Polish People's Party or PSL [Wladyslaw KOSINIAK-KAMYSZ]<br />Razem (Together) [collective leadership]<br />Wiosna (Spring) [Robert BIEDRON]"
"text": "Civic Coalition or KO [Grzegorz SCHETYNA]<br>Confederation Liberty and Independence or KWiN [Janusz KORWIN-MIKKE, Robert WINNICKI, Grzegorz BRAUN]<br>Democratic Left Alliance or SLD [Wlodzimierz CZARZASTY]<br>German Minority or MN [Ryszard GALLA]<br>Kukiz 15 or K15 [Pawel KUKIZ]<br>Law and Justice or PiS [Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI]<br>TERAZ! (NOW!) [Ryszard PETRU]<br>Nowoczesna (Modern) or N [Katarzyna LUBNAUER]<br>Polish People's Party or PSL [Wladyslaw KOSINIAK-KAMYSZ]<br>Razem (Together) [collective leadership]<br>Wiosna (Spring) [Robert BIEDRON]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UN Security Council (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@ -1008,7 +1008,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "<p>liberalized telecom market supported by market competition in broadband and mobile sectors ensuring access to cable and fiber infrastructure; rapid extension of LTE networks and development of mobile data service; mobile penetration is above European average;&nbsp;fixed broadband benefits from DSL infrastructure and investment in fiber through EU support; major importer of broadcasting equipment and accessories from Germany (2021)</p> (2020)"
"text": "<p>liberalized telecom market supported by market competition in broadband and mobile sectors ensuring access to cable and fiber infrastructure; rapid extension of LTE networks and development of mobile data service; mobile penetration is above European average; fixed broadband benefits from DSL infrastructure and investment in fiber through EU support; major importer of broadcasting equipment and accessories from Germany (2021)</p> (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "several nation-wide networks provide mobile-cellular service; coverage is generally good; fixed-line 18 per 100 service lags in rural areas, mobile-cellular 138 per 100 persons (2019)"
@ -1175,21 +1175,21 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the Polish Armed Forces have approximately 120,000 total active duty personnel (60,000 Army; 7,000 Navy; 17,000 Air Force; 3,500 Special Forces; 25,000 Territorial Defense Forces; 7,500 other) (2020)<br><br>note - in June 2019, the Polish Government approved a plan to increase the size of the military by 50,000 troops over the coming decade",
"text": "approximately 120,000 total active duty personnel (60,000 Army; 7,000 Navy; 17,000 Air Force; 3,500 Special Forces; 25,000 Territorial Defense Forces; 7,500 joint service) (2020)<br><br>note - in June 2019, the Polish Government approved a plan to increase the size of the military by 50,000 troops over the coming decade",
"note": "note - in June 2019, the Polish Government approved a plan to increase the size of the military by 50,000 troops over the coming decade"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the inventory of the Polish Armed Forces consists of a mix of Soviet-era and more modern Western weapons systems; since 2010, the leading suppliers of armaments to Poland are Finland, Germany, Italy, and the US (2020)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "240 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); up to 175 Latvia (NATO); 250 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (June 2021)<br><br>note: Poland contributes troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Warsaw and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units",
"note": "note: Poland contributes troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Warsaw and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units"
"text": "240 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); up to 175 Latvia (NATO); 250 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (June 2021)<br><br>note: Poland contributes about 2,500 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Warsaw and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units",
"note": "note: Poland contributes about 2,500 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Warsaw and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-28 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; conscription phased out in 2009-12; professional soldiers serve on a permanent basis (for an unspecified period of time) or on a contract basis (for a specified period of time); initial contract period is 24 months; women serve in the military on the same terms as men (2019)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "Poland joined NATO in 1999; Czechia, Hungary, and Poland were invited to begin accession talks at NATO's Madrid Summit in 1997 and in March 1999 they became the first former members of the Warsaw Pact to join the Alliance"
"text": "Poland joined NATO in 1999; Czechia, Hungary, and Poland were invited to begin accession talks at NATO's Madrid Summit in 1997, and in March 1999 they became the first former members of the Warsaw Pact to join the Alliance"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {