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{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>Continuously populated for at least 2,500 years, the dense jungle in the area of Sierra Leone allowed the region to remain relatively protected from invaders from empires in West Africa. Traders introduced Sierra Leone to Islam, which occupies a central role in Sierra Leonean culture and history. In the 17<sup>th</sup> century, the British set up a trading post near present-day Freetown. The trade originally involved timber and ivory, but later expanded to enslaved people. In 1787, following the American Revolution, Sierra Leone became a destination for black British loyalists from the new United States. After the abolition of the slave trade in 1807, British ships delivered thousands of liberated Africans to Sierra Leone. During the 19<sup>th</sup> century, the colony gradually expanded inland.</p> <p>In 1961, Sierra Leone became independent of the UK. While Sierra Leone held free and fair elections in 1962 and 1967, Siaka STEVENS - Sierra Leone&rsquo;s second prime minister - quickly reverted to authoritarian tendencies, outlawing most political parties and ruling from 1967 to 1985. In 1991, Sierra Leonean soldiers launched a civil war against STEVENS&rsquo; ruling party. The war caused tens of thousands of deaths and displaced more than 2 million people (about one-third of the population). In 1998, a Nigerian-led West African coalition military force intervened, installing Tejan KABBAH - who was originally elected in 1996 - as prime minister. In 2002, KABBAH officially announced the end of the war. Since 1998, Sierra Leone has conducted uninterrupted democratic elections.</p>"
"text": "<p>Continuously populated for at least 2,500 years, the dense jungle in the area of Sierra Leone allowed the region to remain relatively protected from invaders from empires in West Africa. Traders introduced Sierra Leone to Islam, which occupies a central role in Sierra Leonean culture and history. In the 17th century, the British set up a trading post near present-day Freetown. The trade originally involved timber and ivory, but later expanded to enslaved people. In 1787, following the American Revolution, Sierra Leone became a destination for black British loyalists from the new United States. After the abolition of the slave trade in 1807, British ships delivered thousands of liberated Africans to Sierra Leone. During the 19th century, the colony gradually expanded inland.</p> <p>In 1961, Sierra Leone became independent of the UK. While Sierra Leone held free and fair elections in 1962 and 1967, Siaka STEVENS - Sierra Leone’s second prime minister - quickly reverted to authoritarian tendencies, outlawing most political parties and ruling from 1967 to 1985. In 1991, Sierra Leonean soldiers launched a civil war against STEVENS’ ruling party. The war caused tens of thousands of deaths and displaced more than 2 million people (about one-third of the population). In 1998, a Nigerian-led West African coalition military force intervened, installing Tejan KABBAH - who was originally elected in 1996 - as prime minister. In 2002, KABBAH officially announced the end of the war. Since 1998, Sierra Leone has conducted uninterrupted democratic elections.</p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
"text": "300 sq km (2012)"
},
"Population distribution": {
"text": "population clusters are found in the lower elevations of the south and west; the northern third of the country is less populated as shown on this <a href=\"https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/static/d02bcc84ec315aaad92758e931817128/SIERRA_LEONE_Population_density.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">population distribution map</a>"
"text": "population clusters are found in the lower elevations of the south and west; the northern third of the country is less populated as shown on this population distribution map"
},
"Natural hazards": {
"text": "dry, sand-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to February); sandstorms, dust storms"
@ -185,7 +185,7 @@
"text": "-0.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)"
},
"Population distribution": {
"text": "population clusters are found in the lower elevations of the south and west; the northern third of the country is less populated as shown on this <a href=\"https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/static/d02bcc84ec315aaad92758e931817128/SIERRA_LEONE_Population_density.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">population distribution map</a>"
"text": "population clusters are found in the lower elevations of the south and west; the northern third of the country is less populated as shown on this population distribution map"
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
@ -303,13 +303,13 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "1.5% (2019 est.)"
"text": "1.5% (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "78,000 (2019 est.)"
"text": "80,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "2,600 (2019 est.)"
"text": "3,200 (2020 est.)"
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"degree of risk": {
@ -466,7 +466,7 @@
},
"Food insecurity": {
"severe localized food insecurity": {
"text": "due to high food prices - according to a March 2020 analysis, about 1 million people were estimated to need food assistance from March to May 2020; this number was expected to increase during the lean period from June to August 2020, if no mitigation actions were taken (2021)"
"text": "due to high food prices - about 1.76 million people are estimated to be severely food insecure during the June&minus;August 2021 period on account of high food prices and low purchasing power, resulting in acute constraints on households&rsquo; access to food; the main drivers of the food insecurity are the effects of adverse weather events (flooding), Fall Armyworm attacks on maize in some localized areas, high inflation rate, weakening local currency and the effects of the COVID‑19 pandemic restrictions (2021)"
}
},
"Waste and recycling": {
@ -588,7 +588,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "All People's Congress or APC [Ernest Bai KOROMA]<br />Coalition for Change or C4C [Tamba R. SANDY]<br />National Grand Coalition or NGC [Dr. Dennis BRIGHT]<br />Sierra Leone People's Party or SLPP [Dr. Prince HARDING]<br />numerous other parties"
"text": "All People's Congress or APC [Ernest Bai KOROMA]<br>Coalition for Change or C4C [Tamba R. SANDY]<br>National Grand Coalition or NGC [Dr. Dennis BRIGHT]<br>Sierra Leone People's Party or SLPP [Dr. Prince HARDING]<br>numerous other parties"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1009,7 +1009,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and the consequent restriction on disposable incomes; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home became evident, and received some support from governments"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "<p>1&nbsp;government-owned TV station;&nbsp;3 private TV stations; a pay-TV service began operations in late 2007;&nbsp;1 government-owned national radio station; about two-dozen private radio stations primarily clustered in major cities; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available&nbsp;</p> (2019)"
"text": "<p>1 government-owned TV station; 3 private TV stations; a pay-TV service began operations in late 2007; 1 government-owned national radio station; about two-dozen private radio stations primarily clustered in major cities; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available </p> (2019)"
},
"Internet country code": {
"text": ".sl"