auto-update week 30

africa/sf.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "Introduction": {
     "Background": {
-      "text": "<p>Some of the earliest human remains in the fossil record are found in South Africa. By about A.D. 500, Bantu speaking groups began settling into what is now northeastern South Africa displacing Khoisan speaking groups to the southwest. Dutch traders landed at the southern tip of present-day South Africa in 1652 and established a stopover point on the spice route between the Netherlands and the Far East, founding the city of Cape Town. After the British seized the Cape of Good Hope area in 1806, many of the settlers of Dutch descent (Afrikaners, also called \"Boers\" (farmers) at the time) trekked north to found their own republics, Transvaal and Orange Free State. In the 1820s, several decades of wars began as the Zulus expanded their territory, moving out of what is today southeastern South Africa and clashing with other indigenous peoples and with expanding European settlements. The discovery of diamonds (1867) and gold (1886) spurred wealth and immigration from Europe.<br /><br />The Anglo-Zulu War (1879) resulted in the incorporation of the Zulu kingdom's territory into the British Empire. Subsequently, the Afrikaner republics were incorporated into the British Empire after their defeat in the Second South African War (1899-1902). However, the British and the Afrikaners ruled together beginning in 1910 under the Union of South Africa, which became a republic in 1961 after a whites-only referendum. In 1948, the National Party was voted into power and instituted a policy of apartheid &ndash; billed as \"separate development\" of the races - which favored the white minority at the expense of the black majority and other non-white groups. The African National Congress (ANC) led the opposition to apartheid and many top ANC leaders, such as Nelson MANDELA, spent decades in South Africa's prisons. Internal protests and insurgency, as well as boycotts by some Western nations and institutions, led to the regime's eventual willingness to negotiate a peaceful transition to majority rule.</p> <p>The first multi-racial elections in 1994 following the end of apartheid ushered in majority rule under an ANC-led government. South Africa has since struggled to address apartheid-era imbalances in wealth, housing, education, and health care. Jacob ZUMA became president in 2009 and was reelected in 2014, but resigned in February 2018 after numerous corruption scandals and gains by opposition parties in municipal elections in 2016. His successor, Cyril RAMAPHOSA, has made some progress in reigning in corruption, though many challenges persist. In May 2019 national elections, the country&rsquo;s sixth since the end of apartheid, the ANC won a majority of parliamentary seats, delivering RAMAPHOSA a five-year term.</p>"
+      "text": "<p>Some of the earliest human remains in the fossil record are found in South Africa. By about A.D. 500, Bantu speaking groups began settling into what is now northeastern South Africa displacing Khoisan speaking groups to the southwest. Dutch traders landed at the southern tip of present-day South Africa in 1652 and established a stopover point on the spice route between the Netherlands and the Far East, founding the city of Cape Town. After the British seized the Cape of Good Hope area in 1806, many of the settlers of Dutch descent (Afrikaners, also called \"Boers\" (farmers) at the time) trekked north to found their own republics, Transvaal and Orange Free State. In the 1820s, several decades of wars began as the Zulus expanded their territory, moving out of what is today southeastern South Africa and clashing with other indigenous peoples and with expanding European settlements. The discovery of diamonds (1867) and gold (1886) spurred wealth and immigration from Europe.<br><br>The Anglo-Zulu War (1879) resulted in the incorporation of the Zulu kingdom's territory into the British Empire. Subsequently, the Afrikaner republics were incorporated into the British Empire after their defeat in the Second South African War (1899-1902). However, the British and the Afrikaners ruled together beginning in 1910 under the Union of South Africa, which became a republic in 1961 after a whites-only referendum. In 1948, the National Party was voted into power and instituted a policy of apartheid – billed as \"separate development\" of the races - which favored the white minority at the expense of the black majority and other non-white groups. The African National Congress (ANC) led the opposition to apartheid and many top ANC leaders, such as Nelson MANDELA, spent decades in South Africa's prisons. Internal protests and insurgency, as well as boycotts by some Western nations and institutions, led to the regime's eventual willingness to negotiate a peaceful transition to majority rule.</p> <p>The first multi-racial elections in 1994 following the end of apartheid ushered in majority rule under an ANC-led government. South Africa has since struggled to address apartheid-era imbalances in wealth, housing, education, and health care. Jacob ZUMA became president in 2009 and was reelected in 2014, but resigned in February 2018 after numerous corruption scandals and gains by opposition parties in municipal elections in 2016. His successor, Cyril RAMAPHOSA, has made some progress in reigning in corruption, though many challenges persist. In May 2019 national elections, the country’s sixth since the end of apartheid, the ANC won a majority of parliamentary seats, delivering RAMAPHOSA a five-year term.</p>"
     }
   },
   "Geography": {
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
       "text": "16,700 sq km (2012)"
     },
     "Population distribution": {
-      "text": "the population concentrated along the southern and southeastern coast, and inland around Pretoria; the eastern half of the country is more densly populated than the west as shown in this <a href=\"https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/static/7faa8a7a43d69fe58b8b41afd1a5073b/SOUTH_AFRICA_Population_density.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">population distribution map</a>"
+      "text": "the population concentrated along the southern and southeastern coast, and inland around Pretoria; the eastern half of the country is more densly populated than the west as shown in this population distribution map"
     },
     "Natural hazards": {
       "text": "<p>prolonged droughts</p><p><strong>volcanism:</strong> the volcano forming Marion Island in the Prince Edward Islands, which last erupted in 2004, is South Africa's only active volcano</p>"
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@
         "text": "isiZulu (official) 25.3%, isiXhosa (official) 14.8%, Afrikaans (official) 12.2%, Sepedi (official) 10.1%, Setswana (official) 9.1%, English (official) 8.1%, Sesotho (official) 7.9%, Xitsonga (official) 3.6%, siSwati (official) 2.8%, Tshivenda (official) 2.5%, isiNdebele (official) 1.6%, other (includes Khoi, Nama, and San languages) 2%; note - data represent language spoken most often at home (2018 est.)"
       },
       "printed major-language sample": {
-        "text": "<br />Die Wereld Feite Boek, n&rsquo; onontbeerlike bron vir basiese informasie. (Afrikaans)<br /><br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English)"
+        "text": "<br>Die Wereld Feite Boek, n’ onontbeerlike bron vir basiese informasie. (Afrikaans)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English)"
       }
     },
     "Religions": {
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@
       "text": "-0.12 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)"
     },
     "Population distribution": {
-      "text": "the population concentrated along the southern and southeastern coast, and inland around Pretoria; the eastern half of the country is more densly populated than the west as shown in this <a href=\"https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/static/7faa8a7a43d69fe58b8b41afd1a5073b/SOUTH_AFRICA_Population_density.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">population distribution map</a>"
+      "text": "the population concentrated along the southern and southeastern coast, and inland around Pretoria; the eastern half of the country is more densly populated than the west as shown in this population distribution map"
     },
     "Urbanization": {
       "urban population": {
@@ -310,13 +310,13 @@
       }
     },
     "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
-      "text": "17.3% (2019 est.)"
+      "text": "19.1% (2020 est.)"
     },
     "HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
-      "text": "7.5 million (2019 est.)"
+      "text": "7.8 million (2020 est.)"
     },
     "HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
-      "text": "72,000 (2019 est.)"
+      "text": "83,000 (2020 est.)"
     },
     "Major infectious diseases": {
       "degree of risk": {
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@
       "water contact diseases": {
         "text": "schistosomiasis"
       },
-      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout South Africa; as of 6 June 2021, South Africa has reported a total of 1,691,4 cases of COVID-19 or 2,852.0 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 96.0 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 22 May 2021, 1.08% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
+      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout South Africa; as of 6 June 2021, South Africa has reported a total of 2,302,304 cases of COVID-19 or 3,881.9 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 113.1 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 7.38% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
     },
     "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
       "text": "28.3% (2016)"
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@
       "water contact diseases": {
         "text": "schistosomiasis"
       },
-      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout South Africa; as of 6 June 2021, South Africa has reported a total of 1,691,4 cases of COVID-19 or 2,852.0 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 96.0 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 22 May 2021, 1.08% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
+      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout South Africa; as of 6 June 2021, South Africa has reported a total of 2,302,304 cases of COVID-19 or 3,881.9 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 113.1 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 7.38% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine"
     },
     "Waste and recycling": {
       "municipal solid waste generated annually": {
@@ -565,13 +565,13 @@
     },
     "Legislative branch": {
       "description": {
-        "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br />National Council of Provinces (90 seats; 10-member delegations appointed by each of the 9 provincial legislatures to serve 5-year terms; note - the Council has special powers to protect regional interests, including safeguarding cultural and linguistic traditions among ethnic minorities)<br /> National Assembly (400 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)"
+        "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>National Council of Provinces (90 seats; 10-member delegations appointed by each of the 9 provincial legislatures to serve 5-year terms; note - the Council has special powers to protect regional interests, including safeguarding cultural and linguistic traditions among ethnic minorities)<br> National Assembly (400 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)"
       },
       "elections": {
         "text": "National Council of Provinces and National Assembly - last held on 8 May 2019 (next to be held in 2024)"
       },
       "election results": {
-        "text": "National Council of Provinces - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ANC 29, DA 13, EFF 9, FF+ 2, IFP 1; note - 36 appointed seats not filled<br /> National Assembly - percent of vote by party - ANC 57.5%, DA 20.8%, EFF 10.8%, IFP 3.8%, FF+ 2.4%, other 4.7%; seats by party - ANC 230, DA 84, EFF 44, IFP 14, FF+ 10, other 18; composition - men 237, women 163, percent of women 40.8%"
+        "text": "National Council of Provinces - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ANC 29, DA 13, EFF 9, FF+ 2, IFP 1; note - 36 appointed seats not filled<br> National Assembly - percent of vote by party - ANC 57.5%, DA 20.8%, EFF 10.8%, IFP 3.8%, FF+ 2.4%, other 4.7%; seats by party - ANC 230, DA 84, EFF 44, IFP 14, FF+ 10, other 18; composition - men 237, women 163, percent of women 40.8%"
       }
     },
     "Judicial branch": {
@@ -586,7 +586,7 @@
       }
     },
     "Political parties and leaders": {
-      "text": "African Christian Democratic Party or ACDP [Kenneth MESHOE]<br />African Independent Congress or AIC [Mandla GALO]<br />African National Congress or ANC [Cyril RAMAPHOSA]<br />African People's Convention or APC [Themba GODI] <br />Agang SA [Mike TSHISHONGA]<br />Congress of the People or COPE [Mosiuoa LEKOTA]<br />Democratic Alliance or DA [John STEENHUISEN]<br />Economic Freedom Fighters or EFF [Julius Sello MALEMA]<br />Freedom Front Plus or FF+ [Pieter GROENEWALD]<br />GOOD [Patricia de LILLE]<br />Inkatha Freedom Party or IFP [Mangosuthu BUTHELEZI]<br />National Freedom Party or NFP [Zanele kaMAGWAZA-MSIBI]<br />Pan-Africanist Congress of Azania or PAC [Luthanado MBINDA]<br />United Christian Democratic Party or UCDP [Isaac Sipho MFUNDISI]<br />United Democratic Movement or UDM [Bantu HOLOMISA]"
+      "text": "African Christian Democratic Party or ACDP [Kenneth MESHOE]<br>African Independent Congress or AIC [Mandla GALO]<br>African National Congress or ANC [Cyril RAMAPHOSA]<br>African People's Convention or APC [Themba GODI] <br>Agang SA [Mike TSHISHONGA]<br>Congress of the People or COPE [Mosiuoa LEKOTA]<br>Democratic Alliance or DA [John STEENHUISEN]<br>Economic Freedom Fighters or EFF [Julius Sello MALEMA]<br>Freedom Front Plus or FF+ [Pieter GROENEWALD]<br>GOOD [Patricia de LILLE]<br>Inkatha Freedom Party or IFP [Mangosuthu BUTHELEZI]<br>National Freedom Party or NFP [Zanele kaMAGWAZA-MSIBI]<br>Pan-Africanist Congress of Azania or PAC [Luthanado MBINDA]<br>United Christian Democratic Party or UCDP [Isaac Sipho MFUNDISI]<br>United Democratic Movement or UDM [Bantu HOLOMISA]"
     },
     "International organization participation": {
       "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BIS, BRICS, C, CD, FAO, FATF, G-20, G-24, G-5, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, NSG, OECD (enhanced engagement), OPCW, Paris Club (associate), PCA, SACU, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@@ -1017,7 +1017,7 @@
     },
     "Telecommunication systems": {
       "general assessment": {
-        "text": "<p>one of the most advanced infrastructures on the continent; investment by operators and municipal providers to improve network capability focused on fiber and LTE to extend connectivity; increase in Internet&nbsp;use for e-commerce, e-government, and e-health; government funds to improve broadband to more municipalities; high mobile penetration rate and FttP to 90% of the premises;&nbsp;regulatory intervention has improved telecommunications market; 5G in Capetown with additional auction and tests;&nbsp;importer of broadcasting equipment and computers from China (2021)</p> (2020)"
+        "text": "<p>one of the most advanced infrastructures on the continent; investment by operators and municipal providers to improve network capability focused on fiber and LTE to extend connectivity; increase in Internet use for e-commerce, e-government, and e-health; government funds to improve broadband to more municipalities; high mobile penetration rate and FttP to 90% of the premises; regulatory intervention has improved telecommunications market; 5G in Capetown with additional auction and tests; importer of broadcasting equipment and computers from China (2021)</p> (2020)"
       },
       "domestic": {
         "text": "fixed-line 3 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular 166 telephones per 100 persons; consists of carrier-equipped open-wire lines, coaxial cables, microwave radio relay links, fiber-optic cable, radiotelephone communication stations, and wireless local loops; key centers are Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg, Port Elizabeth, and Pretoria (2019)"
@@ -1194,8 +1194,8 @@
   },
   "Terrorism": {
     "Terrorist group(s)": {
-      "text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>",
-      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>"
+      "text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T",
+      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
     }
   },
   "Transnational Issues": {