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{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>For much of its history, Guinea-Bissau was under the control of the Mali Empire and the Kaabu kingdom. In the 16<sup>th</sup> century, Portugal began establishing trading posts along Guinea-Bissau&rsquo;s shoreline. Initially, the Portuguese were restricted to the coastline and islands. However, the slave and gold trade was lucrative to local African leaders, and the Portuguese were slowly able expand their power and influence inland. Starting in the 18<sup>th</sup> century, the Mali Empire and Kingdom of Kaabu slowly disintegrated into smaller local entities. By the 19<sup>th</sup> century, Portugal had fully incorporated Guinea-Bissau into its empire.<br /><br />Since gaining independence in 1974, Guinea-Bissau has experienced considerable political and military upheaval. In 1980, a military coup established General Joao Bernardo 'Nino' VIEIRA as president. VIEIRA's regime suppressed political opposition and purged political rivals. &nbsp;Several coup attempts through the 1980s and early 1990s failed to unseat him. In May 1999, a military mutiny and civil war led to VIEIRA's ouster. In February 2000, a transitional government turned over power to opposition leader Kumba YALA. In September 2003, a bloodless military coup overthrew YALA and installed businessman Henrique ROSA as interim president. In 2005, former President VIEIRA was reelected pledging to pursue economic development and national reconciliation; he was assassinated in March 2009. In June 2009, Malam Bacai SANHA was elected, but he passed away in January 2012 from a long-term illness. In April 2012, a military coup prevented the second-round of the presidential election from taking place. Following mediation from the Economic Community of Western African States (ECOWAS), a civilian transitional government assumed power. In 2014, Jose Mario VAZ won a free and fair election. In June 2019, VAZ became the first president in Guinea-Bissau&rsquo;s history to complete a full presidential term. After winning the 2019 presidential elections, Umaro SISSOCO EMBALO was sworn in as president.</p>"
"text": "<p>For much of its history, Guinea-Bissau was under the control of the Mali Empire and the Kaabu kingdom. In the 16th century, Portugal began establishing trading posts along Guinea-Bissau’s shoreline. Initially, the Portuguese were restricted to the coastline and islands. However, the slave and gold trade was lucrative to local African leaders, and the Portuguese were slowly able expand their power and influence inland. Starting in the 18th century, the Mali Empire and Kingdom of Kaabu slowly disintegrated into smaller local entities. By the 19th century, Portugal had fully incorporated Guinea-Bissau into its empire.<br><br>Since gaining independence in 1974, Guinea-Bissau has experienced considerable political and military upheaval. In 1980, a military coup established General Joao Bernardo 'Nino' VIEIRA as president. VIEIRA's regime suppressed political opposition and purged political rivals.  Several coup attempts through the 1980s and early 1990s failed to unseat him. In May 1999, a military mutiny and civil war led to VIEIRA's ouster. In February 2000, a transitional government turned over power to opposition leader Kumba YALA. In September 2003, a bloodless military coup overthrew YALA and installed businessman Henrique ROSA as interim president. In 2005, former President VIEIRA was reelected pledging to pursue economic development and national reconciliation; he was assassinated in March 2009. In June 2009, Malam Bacai SANHA was elected, but he passed away in January 2012 from a long-term illness. In April 2012, a military coup prevented the second-round of the presidential election from taking place. Following mediation from the Economic Community of Western African States (ECOWAS), a civilian transitional government assumed power. In 2014, Jose Mario VAZ won a free and fair election. In June 2019, VAZ became the first president in Guinea-Bissau’s history to complete a full presidential term. After winning the 2019 presidential elections, Umaro SISSOCO EMBALO was sworn in as president.</p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
"text": "250 sq km (2012)"
},
"Population distribution": {
"text": "approximately one-fifth of the population lives in the capital city of Bissau along the Atlantic coast; the remainder is distributed among the eight other, mainly rural, regions as shown in this <a href=\"https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/static/855810b02efb7cad84274a271e0d79bb/GUINEA_BISSAU_Population_density.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">population distribution map</a>"
"text": "approximately one-fifth of the population lives in the capital city of Bissau along the Atlantic coast; the remainder is distributed among the eight other, mainly rural, regions as shown in this population distribution map"
},
"Natural hazards": {
"text": "hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season; brush fires"
@ -179,7 +179,7 @@
"text": "-3.72 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)"
},
"Population distribution": {
"text": "approximately one-fifth of the population lives in the capital city of Bissau along the Atlantic coast; the remainder is distributed among the eight other, mainly rural, regions as shown in this <a href=\"https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/static/855810b02efb7cad84274a271e0d79bb/GUINEA_BISSAU_Population_density.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">population distribution map</a>"
"text": "approximately one-fifth of the population lives in the capital city of Bissau along the Atlantic coast; the remainder is distributed among the eight other, mainly rural, regions as shown in this population distribution map"
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
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"text": "4.72 children born/woman (2021 est.)"
},
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
"text": "16% (2014)"
"text": "20.6% (2018)"
},
"Drinking water source": {
"improved: urban": {
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}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "3.4% (2019 est.)"
"text": "3% (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "40,000 (2019 est.)"
"text": "37,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "1,500 (2019 est.)"
"text": "1,500 (2020 est.)"
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"degree of risk": {
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}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cabo Verde or PAIGC [Domingos SIMOES PEREIRA]<br />Democratic Convergence Party or PCD [Vicente FERNANDES]<br />Movement for Democratic Alternation Group of 15 or MADEM-G15 [Braima CAMARA]<br />National People&rsquo;s Assembly &ndash; Democratic Party of Guinea Bissau or APU-PDGB [Nuno Gomes NABIAM]<br />New Democracy Party or PND [Mamadu Iaia DJALO]<br />Party for Social Renewal or PRS [Alberto NAMBEIA]<br />Republican Party for Independence and Development or PRID [Aristides GOMES]<br />Union for Change or UM [Agnelo REGALA]"
"text": "African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cabo Verde or PAIGC [Domingos SIMOES PEREIRA]<br>Democratic Convergence Party or PCD [Vicente FERNANDES]<br>Movement for Democratic Alternation Group of 15 or MADEM-G15 [Braima CAMARA]<br>National People’s Assembly – Democratic Party of Guinea Bissau or APU-PDGB [Nuno Gomes NABIAM]<br>New Democracy Party or PND [Mamadu Iaia DJALO]<br>Party for Social Renewal or PRS [Alberto NAMBEIA]<br>Republican Party for Independence and Development or PRID [Aristides GOMES]<br>Union for Change or UM [Agnelo REGALA]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, CPLP, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"