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{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>With 28 ethnic groups and languages, Liberia is one of the most ethnically diverse countries in the world. For hundreds of years, the Mali and Songhai Empires claimed most of Liberia. Beginning in the 15th century, European traders began establishing outposts along the Liberian coast. Unlike its neighbors, however, Liberia did not fall under European colonial rule. In the early 19th century, the United States began sending freed enslaved people and other people of color to Liberia to establish settlements. In 1847, these settlers declared independence from the United States, writing their own constitution and establishing Africa&rsquo;s first republic.</p> <p>Early in Liberia&rsquo;s history, tensions arose between the Americo-Liberian settlers and the indigenous population. In 1980, Samuel DOE, who was from the indigenous population, led a military coup and ushered in a decade of authoritarian rule. In December 1989, Charles TAYLOR launched a rebellion against DOE's regime that led to a prolonged civil war in which DOE was killed. A period of relative peace in 1997 permitted an election that brought TAYLOR to power. In 2000, fighting resumed. An August 2003 peace agreement ended the war and prompted President TAYLOR&rsquo;s resignation. TAYLOR was later convicted by the UN-backed Special Court for Sierra Leone in The Hague for his involvement in Sierra Leone's civil war. In late 2005, President Ellen JOHNSON SIRLEAF became president after two years of transitional governments; she was the first female head of state in Africa. In 2011, JOHNSON SIRLEAF won reelection but struggled to rebuild Liberia's economy, particularly following the 2014-15 Ebola epidemic, and to reconcile a nation still recovering from 14 years of fighting. In 2017, former soccer star George WEAH won the presidential runoff election.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>"
"text": "<p>With 28 ethnic groups and languages, Liberia is one of the most ethnically diverse countries in the world. For hundreds of years, the Mali and Songhai Empires claimed most of Liberia. Beginning in the 15th century, European traders began establishing outposts along the Liberian coast. Unlike its neighbors, however, Liberia did not fall under European colonial rule. In the early 19th century, the United States began sending freed enslaved people and other people of color to Liberia to establish settlements. In 1847, these settlers declared independence from the United States, writing their own constitution and establishing Africa’s first republic.</p> <p>Early in Liberia’s history, tensions arose between the Americo-Liberian settlers and the indigenous population. In 1980, Samuel DOE, who was from the indigenous population, led a military coup and ushered in a decade of authoritarian rule. In December 1989, Charles TAYLOR launched a rebellion against DOE's regime that led to a prolonged civil war in which DOE was killed. A period of relative peace in 1997 permitted an election that brought TAYLOR to power. In 2000, fighting resumed. An August 2003 peace agreement ended the war and prompted President TAYLOR’s resignation. TAYLOR was later convicted by the UN-backed Special Court for Sierra Leone in The Hague for his involvement in Sierra Leone's civil war. In late 2005, President Ellen JOHNSON SIRLEAF became president after two years of transitional governments; she was the first female head of state in Africa. In 2011, JOHNSON SIRLEAF won reelection but struggled to rebuild Liberia's economy, particularly following the 2014-15 Ebola epidemic, and to reconcile a nation still recovering from 14 years of fighting. In 2017, former soccer star George WEAH won the presidential runoff election.</p> <p> </p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
"text": "30 sq km (2012)"
},
"Population distribution": {
"text": "more than half of the population lives in urban areas, with approximately one-third living within an 80-km radius of Monrovia as shown in this <a href=\"https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/static/8d7de95e060b2efebce30751681cd7e3/LIBERIA_Population_density.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">population distribution map</a>"
"text": "more than half of the population lives in urban areas, with approximately one-third living within an 80-km radius of Monrovia as shown in this population distribution map"
},
"Natural hazards": {
"text": "dust-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to March)"
@ -185,7 +185,7 @@
"text": "-2.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)"
},
"Population distribution": {
"text": "more than half of the population lives in urban areas, with approximately one-third living within an 80-km radius of Monrovia as shown in this <a href=\"https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/static/8d7de95e060b2efebce30751681cd7e3/LIBERIA_Population_density.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">population distribution map</a>"
"text": "more than half of the population lives in urban areas, with approximately one-third living within an 80-km radius of Monrovia as shown in this population distribution map"
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
@ -254,7 +254,7 @@
"text": "4.84 children born/woman (2021 est.)"
},
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
"text": "31.2% (2016)"
"text": "24.9% (2019/20)"
},
"Drinking water source": {
"improved: urban": {
@ -306,13 +306,13 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "1.5% (2019 est.)"
"text": "1.1% (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "47,000 (2019 est.)"
"text": "35,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "1,900 (2019 est.)"
"text": "1,300 (2020 est.)"
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"degree of risk": {
@ -559,13 +559,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral National Assembly consists of:<br />The Liberian Senate (30 seats; members directly elected in 15 2-seat districts by simple majority vote to serve 9-year staggered terms; each district elects 1 senator and elects the second senator 3 years later, followed by a 6-year hiatus, after which the first Senate seat is up for election)<br /> House of Representatives (73 seats; members directly elected in single-seat districts by simple majority vote to serve 6-year terms; eligible for a second term)"
"text": "bicameral National Assembly consists of:<br>The Liberian Senate (30 seats; members directly elected in 15 2-seat districts by simple majority vote to serve 9-year staggered terms; each district elects 1 senator and elects the second senator 3 years later, followed by a 6-year hiatus, after which the first Senate seat is up for election)<br> House of Representatives (73 seats; members directly elected in single-seat districts by simple majority vote to serve 6-year terms; eligible for a second term)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "Senate - last held on 20 December 2014 ; byelection to fill the senate seats vacated by WEAH and HOWARD-TAYLOR was held on 31 July 2018 (next general election to be held on 31 December 2020)<br /> House of Representatives - last held on 10 October 2017 (next to be held in October 2023)"
"text": "Senate - last held on 20 December 2014 ; byelection to fill the senate seats vacated by WEAH and HOWARD-TAYLOR was held on 31 July 2018 (next general election to be held on 31 December 2020)<br> House of Representatives - last held on 10 October 2017 (next to be held in October 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - CDC 29.8%, UP 10.3%, LP 11.5%, NPP 6.1%, PUP 4.9%, ANC 4.2%, NDC 1.3%, other 7.6%, independent 24.3%; seats by party - UP 4, CDC 2, LP 2, ANC 1, NDC 1, NPP 1, PUP 1, independent 3; composition - men 27, women 3, percent of women 10%<br /> House of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - Coalition for Democratic Change 15.6%, UP 14%, LP 8.7%, ANC 6.1%, PUP 5.9%, ALP 5.1%, MDR 3.4%, other 41.2%; seats by coalition/party - Coalition for Democratic Change 21, UP 20, PUP 5, LP 3, ALP 3, MDR 2, independent 13, other 6; composition - men 64, women 9, percent of women 12.3%; total Parliament percent of women 11.7%"
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - CDC 29.8%, UP 10.3%, LP 11.5%, NPP 6.1%, PUP 4.9%, ANC 4.2%, NDC 1.3%, other 7.6%, independent 24.3%; seats by party - UP 4, CDC 2, LP 2, ANC 1, NDC 1, NPP 1, PUP 1, independent 3; composition - men 27, women 3, percent of women 10%<br> House of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - Coalition for Democratic Change 15.6%, UP 14%, LP 8.7%, ANC 6.1%, PUP 5.9%, ALP 5.1%, MDR 3.4%, other 41.2%; seats by coalition/party - Coalition for Democratic Change 21, UP 20, PUP 5, LP 3, ALP 3, MDR 2, independent 13, other 6; composition - men 64, women 9, percent of women 12.3%; total Parliament percent of women 11.7%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -580,7 +580,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Alliance for Peace and Democracy or APD [Marcus S. G. DAHN]<br />All Liberian Party or ALP [Benoi UREY]<br />Alternative National Congress or ANC [Orishil GOULD]<br />Coalition for Democratic Change [George WEAH] (includes CDC, NPP, and LPDP)Congress for Democratic Change or CDC [George WEAH]<br />Liberia Destiny Party or LDP [Nathaniel BARNES]<br />Liberia National Union or LINU [Nathaniel BLAMA]<br />Liberia Transformation Party or LTP [Julius SUKU]<br />Liberian People Democratic Party or LPDP [Alex J. TYLER]<br />Liberian People's Party or LPP<br />Liberty Party or LP [J. Fonati KOFFA]<br />Movement for Democracy and Reconstruction or MDR [Prince Y. JOHNSON]<br />Movement for Economic Empowerment [J. Mill JONES, Dr.]<br />Movement for Progressive Change or MPC [Simeon FREEMAN]<br />National Democratic Coalition or NDC [Dew MAYSON]<br />National Democratic Party of Liberia or NDPL [D. Nyandeh SIEH]<br />National Patriotic Party or NPP [Jewel HOWARD TAYLOR]<br />National Reformist Party or NRP [Maximillian T. W. DIABE]<br />National Union for Democratic Progress or NUDP [Victor BARNEY]<br />People's Unification Party or PUP [Isobe GBORKORKOLLIE]<br />Unity Party or UP [Varney SHERMAN]<br />United People's Party [MacDonald WENTO]<br />Victory for Change Party [Marcus R. JONES]"
"text": "Alliance for Peace and Democracy or APD [Marcus S. G. DAHN]<br>All Liberian Party or ALP [Benoi UREY]<br>Alternative National Congress or ANC [Orishil GOULD]<br>Coalition for Democratic Change [George WEAH] (includes CDC, NPP, and LPDP)Congress for Democratic Change or CDC [George WEAH]<br>Liberia Destiny Party or LDP [Nathaniel BARNES]<br>Liberia National Union or LINU [Nathaniel BLAMA]<br>Liberia Transformation Party or LTP [Julius SUKU]<br>Liberian People Democratic Party or LPDP [Alex J. TYLER]<br>Liberian People's Party or LPP<br>Liberty Party or LP [J. Fonati KOFFA]<br>Movement for Democracy and Reconstruction or MDR [Prince Y. JOHNSON]<br>Movement for Economic Empowerment [J. Mill JONES, Dr.]<br>Movement for Progressive Change or MPC [Simeon FREEMAN]<br>National Democratic Coalition or NDC [Dew MAYSON]<br>National Democratic Party of Liberia or NDPL [D. Nyandeh SIEH]<br>National Patriotic Party or NPP [Jewel HOWARD TAYLOR]<br>National Reformist Party or NRP [Maximillian T. W. DIABE]<br>National Union for Democratic Progress or NUDP [Victor BARNEY]<br>People's Unification Party or PUP [Isobe GBORKORKOLLIE]<br>Unity Party or UP [Varney SHERMAN]<br>United People's Party [MacDonald WENTO]<br>Victory for Change Party [Marcus R. JONES]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)"