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{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>In the 10<sup>th</sup> century, Muslim merchants established some of The Gambia&rsquo;s earliest large settlements as trans-Saharan trade hubs. These settlements eventually grew into major export centers sending slaves, gold, and ivory across the Sahara. Between the 16<sup>th</sup> and 17<sup>th</sup> centuries, European colonial powers began establishing trade with The Gambia. In 1664, the United Kingdom established a colony in The Gambia focused on exporting enslaved people across the Atlantic. During the roughly 300 years of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, the UK and other European powers may have exported as many as 3 million people from The Gambia.</p> <p>In 1965, The Gambia gained its independence from the UK. Geographically surrounded by Senegal, it formed the short-lived confederation of Senegambia between 1982 and 1989. In 1994, Yahya JAMMEH led a military coup overthrowing the president and banning political activity. JAMMEH won every presidential election until 2016. In December 2016, after 22 years of authoritarian rule, President JAMMEH lost to Adama BARROW during free and fair elections. Due to The Gambia&rsquo;s poor human rights record under JAMMEH, international development partners had substantially reduced aid to the country. These channels have now reopened under the administration of President BARROW. Since the 2016 election, The Gambia and the US have enjoyed improved relations. US assistance to the country has supported military education and training programs, capacity building, and democracy-strengthening activities.</p> <br /> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>"
"text": "<p>In the 10th century, Muslim merchants established some of The Gambia’s earliest large settlements as trans-Saharan trade hubs. These settlements eventually grew into major export centers sending slaves, gold, and ivory across the Sahara. Between the 16th and 17th centuries, European colonial powers began establishing trade with The Gambia. In 1664, the United Kingdom established a colony in The Gambia focused on exporting enslaved people across the Atlantic. During the roughly 300 years of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, the UK and other European powers may have exported as many as 3 million people from The Gambia.</p> <p>In 1965, The Gambia gained its independence from the UK. Geographically surrounded by Senegal, it formed the short-lived confederation of Senegambia between 1982 and 1989. In 1994, Yahya JAMMEH led a military coup overthrowing the president and banning political activity. JAMMEH won every presidential election until 2016. In December 2016, after 22 years of authoritarian rule, President JAMMEH lost to Adama BARROW during free and fair elections. Due to The Gambia’s poor human rights record under JAMMEH, international development partners had substantially reduced aid to the country. These channels have now reopened under the administration of President BARROW. Since the 2016 election, The Gambia and the US have enjoyed improved relations. US assistance to the country has supported military education and training programs, capacity building, and democracy-strengthening activities.</p> <br> <p> </p> <p> </p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
"text": "50 sq km (2012)"
},
"Population distribution": {
"text": "settlements are found scattered along the Gambia River; the largest communities, including the capital of Banjul, and the country's largest city, Serekunda, are found at the mouth of the Gambia River along the Atlantic coast as shown in this <a href=\"https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/static/bab09fd910cd89f0082a345ab96d2413/GAMBIA_Population_density.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">population distribution map</a>"
"text": "settlements are found scattered along the Gambia River; the largest communities, including the capital of Banjul, and the country's largest city, Serekunda, are found at the mouth of the Gambia River along the Atlantic coast as shown in this population distribution map"
},
"Natural hazards": {
"text": "droughts"
@ -185,7 +185,7 @@
"text": "-1.55 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)"
},
"Population distribution": {
"text": "settlements are found scattered along the Gambia River; the largest communities, including the capital of Banjul, and the country's largest city, Serekunda, are found at the mouth of the Gambia River along the Atlantic coast as shown in this <a href=\"https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/static/bab09fd910cd89f0082a345ab96d2413/GAMBIA_Population_density.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">population distribution map</a>"
"text": "settlements are found scattered along the Gambia River; the largest communities, including the capital of Banjul, and the country's largest city, Serekunda, are found at the mouth of the Gambia River along the Atlantic coast as shown in this population distribution map"
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
@ -255,8 +255,8 @@
"text": "3.13 children born/woman (2021 est.)"
},
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
"text": "16.8% (2018)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> percent of women aged 15-50",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> percent of women aged 15-50"
"text": "16.8% (2018)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> percent of women aged 15-49",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> percent of women aged 15-49"
},
"Drinking water source": {
"improved: urban": {
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}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "2% (2019 est.)"
"text": "1.8% (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "28,000 (2019 est.)"
"text": "27,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "1,100 (2019 est.)"
"text": "1,300 (2020 est.)"
},
"Major infectious diseases": {
"degree of risk": {
@ -593,7 +593,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction or APRC [Fabakary JATTA]<br />Coalition 2016 [collective leadership] (electoral coalition includes UDP, PDOIS, NRP, GMC, GDC, PPP, and GPDP)<br />Gambia Democratic Congress or GDC [Mama KANDEH]<br />Gambia Moral Congress or GMC [Mai FATTY]<br />Gambia Party for Democracy and Progress or GPDP [Sarja JARJOU]<br />National Convention Party or NCP [Yaya&nbsp; SANYANG and Majanko SAMUSA (both claiming leadership)]<br />National Democratic Action Movement or NDAM [Lamin Yaa JUARA]<br />National People's Party or NPP [Adama BARROW]<br />National Reconciliation Party or NRP [Hamat BAH]<br />People's Democratic Organization for Independence and Socialism or PDOIS [Sidia JATTA]<br />People's Progressive Party or PPP [Yaya CEESAY)]<br />United Democratic Party or UDP [Ousainou DARBOE]"
"text": "Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction or APRC [Fabakary JATTA]<br>Coalition 2016 [collective leadership] (electoral coalition includes UDP, PDOIS, NRP, GMC, GDC, PPP, and GPDP)<br>Gambia Democratic Congress or GDC [Mama KANDEH]<br>Gambia Moral Congress or GMC [Mai FATTY]<br>Gambia Party for Democracy and Progress or GPDP [Sarja JARJOU]<br>National Convention Party or NCP [Yaya  SANYANG and Majanko SAMUSA (both claiming leadership)]<br>National Democratic Action Movement or NDAM [Lamin Yaa JUARA]<br>National People's Party or NPP [Adama BARROW]<br>National Reconciliation Party or NRP [Hamat BAH]<br>People's Democratic Organization for Independence and Socialism or PDOIS [Sidia JATTA]<br>People's Progressive Party or PPP [Yaya CEESAY)]<br>United Democratic Party or UDP [Ousainou DARBOE]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and the consequent restriction on disposable incomes; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home became evident, and received some support from governments"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "<p>1&nbsp;state-run TV-channel; one privately-owned TV-station; 1&nbsp;Online TV-station; three state-owned radio station and 31 privately owned radio stations; eight community radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available, some via shortwave radio; cable and satellite TV subscription services are obtainable in some parts of the country&nbsp;</p> (2019)"
"text": "<p>1 state-run TV-channel; one privately-owned TV-station; 1 Online TV-station; three state-owned radio station and 31 privately owned radio stations; eight community radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available, some via shortwave radio; cable and satellite TV subscription services are obtainable in some parts of the country </p> (2019)"
},
"Internet country code": {
"text": ".gm"