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"text": "290 sq km (2012)"
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},
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"Population distribution": {
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"text": "population concentrated in the west and north, with the interior of the country sparsely populated as shown in this <a href=\"https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/static/4a1d614af41ea4ee221eb86a519677f7/CAMEROON_Population_density.jpg\">population distribution map</a>"
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"text": "population concentrated in the west and north, with the interior of the country sparsely populated as shown in this population distribution map"
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},
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"Natural hazards": {
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"text": "<p>volcanic activity with periodic releases of poisonous gases from Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun volcanoes</p><p><strong>volcanism:</strong> Mt. Cameroon (4,095 m), which last erupted in 2000, is the most frequently active volcano in West Africa; lakes in Oku volcanic field have released fatal levels of gas on occasion, killing some 1,700 people in 1986</p>"
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@ -121,14 +121,14 @@
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"text": "24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official)"
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},
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"printed major-language sample": {
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"text": "<br />The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English)<br /><br />The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)"
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"text": "<br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English)<br><br>The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)"
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}
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},
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"Religions": {
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"text": "Roman Catholic 38.3%, Protestant 25.5%, other Christian 6.9%, Muslim 24.4%, animist 2.2%, other 0.5%, none 2.2% (2018 est.)"
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},
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"Demographic profile": {
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"text": "<p>Cameroon has a large youth population, with more than 60% of the populace under the age of 25. Fertility is falling but remains at a high level, especially among poor, rural, and uneducated women, in part because of inadequate access to contraception. Life expectancy remains low at about 55 years due to the prevalence of HIV and AIDs and an elevated maternal mortality rate, which has remained high since 1990. Cameroon, particularly the northern region, is vulnerable to food insecurity largely because of government mismanagement, corruption, high production costs, inadequate infrastructure, and natural disasters. Despite economic growth in some regions, poverty is on the rise, and is most prevalent in rural areas, which are especially affected by a shortage of jobs, declining incomes, poor school and health care infrastructure, and a lack of clean water and sanitation. Underinvestment in social safety nets and ineffective public financial management also contribute to Cameroon’s high rate of poverty. The activities of Boko Haram, other armed groups, and counterinsurgency operations have worsened food insecurity in the Far North region. </p> <p>International migration has been driven by unemployment (including fewer government jobs), poverty, the search for educational opportunities, and corruption. The US and Europe are preferred destinations, but, with tighter immigration restrictions in these countries, young Cameroonians are increasingly turning to neighboring states, such as Gabon and Nigeria, South Africa, other parts of Africa, and the Near and Far East. Cameroon’s limited resources make it dependent on UN support to host more than 420,000 refugees and asylum seekers as of September 2020. These refugees and asylum seekers are primarily from the Central African Republic and Nigeria. Internal and external displacement have grown dramatically in recent years. Boko Haram's attacks and counterattacks by government forces in the Far North since 2014 have increased the number of internally displaced people. Armed conflict between separatists and Cameroon's military in the the Northwest and Southwest since 2016 have displaced hundreds of thousands of the country's Anglophone minority.</p>"
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"text": "<p>Cameroon has a large youth population, with more than 60% of the populace under the age of 25. Fertility is falling but remains at a high level, especially among poor, rural, and uneducated women, in part because of inadequate access to contraception. Life expectancy remains low at about 55 years due to the prevalence of HIV and AIDs and an elevated maternal mortality rate, which has remained high since 1990. Cameroon, particularly the northern region, is vulnerable to food insecurity largely because of government mismanagement, corruption, high production costs, inadequate infrastructure, and natural disasters. Despite economic growth in some regions, poverty is on the rise, and is most prevalent in rural areas, which are especially affected by a shortage of jobs, declining incomes, poor school and health care infrastructure, and a lack of clean water and sanitation. Underinvestment in social safety nets and ineffective public financial management also contribute to Cameroon’s high rate of poverty. The activities of Boko Haram, other armed groups, and counterinsurgency operations have worsened food insecurity in the Far North region. </p> <p>International migration has been driven by unemployment (including fewer government jobs), poverty, the search for educational opportunities, and corruption. The US and Europe are preferred destinations, but, with tighter immigration restrictions in these countries, young Cameroonians are increasingly turning to neighboring states, such as Gabon and Nigeria, South Africa, other parts of Africa, and the Near and Far East. Cameroon’s limited resources make it dependent on UN support to host more than 420,000 refugees and asylum seekers as of September 2020. These refugees and asylum seekers are primarily from the Central African Republic and Nigeria. Internal and external displacement have grown dramatically in recent years. Boko Haram's attacks and counterattacks by government forces in the Far North since 2014 have increased the number of internally displaced people. Armed conflict between separatists and Cameroon's military in the the Northwest and Southwest since 2016 have displaced hundreds of thousands of the country's Anglophone minority.</p>"
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},
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"Age structure": {
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"0-14 years": {
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@ -185,7 +185,7 @@
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"text": "-0.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)"
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},
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"Population distribution": {
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"text": "population concentrated in the west and north, with the interior of the country sparsely populated as shown in this <a href=\"https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/static/4a1d614af41ea4ee221eb86a519677f7/CAMEROON_Population_density.jpg\">population distribution map</a>"
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"text": "population concentrated in the west and north, with the interior of the country sparsely populated as shown in this population distribution map"
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},
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"Urbanization": {
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"urban population": {
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@ -306,13 +306,13 @@
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}
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
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"text": "3.2% (2019 est.)"
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"text": "3% (2020 est.)"
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
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"text": "510,000 (2019 est.)"
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"text": "500,000 (2020 est.)"
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},
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"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
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"text": "14,000 (2019 est.)"
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"text": "14,000 (2020 est.)"
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},
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"Major infectious diseases": {
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"degree of risk": {
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@ -529,7 +529,7 @@
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"time difference": {
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"text": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
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},
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"note": "<strong>etymology: </strong>founded as a German colonial settlement of Jaunde in 1888 and named after the local Yaunde (Ewondo) people"
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"note": "<strong>etymology: </strong>founded as a German colonial settlement of Jaunde in 1888 and named after the local Yaunde (Ewondo) people"
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},
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"Administrative divisions": {
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"text": "10 regions (regions, singular - region); Adamaoua, Centre, East (Est), Far North (Extreme-Nord), Littoral, North (Nord), North-West (Nord-Ouest), West (Ouest), South (Sud), South-West (Sud-Ouest)"
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@ -590,13 +590,13 @@
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},
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"Legislative branch": {
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"description": {
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"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:<br />Senate or Senat (100 seats; 70 members indirectly elected by regional councils and 30 appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms)<br /> National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (180 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)"
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"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:<br>Senate or Senat (100 seats; 70 members indirectly elected by regional councils and 30 appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms)<br> National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (180 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)"
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},
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"elections": {
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"text": "Senate - last held on 25 March 2018 (next to be held in 2023)<br /> National Assembly - last held on 9 February 2020 (current term extended by President); note - the constitutional court has ordered a partial rerun of elections in the English speaking areas; date to be determined"
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"text": "Senate - last held on 25 March 2018 (next to be held in 2023)<br> National Assembly - last held on 9 February 2020 (current term extended by President); note - the constitutional court has ordered a partial rerun of elections in the English speaking areas; date to be determined"
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},
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"election results": {
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"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - CDPM 81.1%, SDF 8.6%, UNDP 5.8%, UDC 1.16%, other 2.8%; seats by party - CPDM 63, SDF 7 <br />National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPDM 139, UNDP 7, SDF 5, PCRN 5, UDC 4, FSNC 3, MDR 2, Union of Socialist Movements 2; 13 vacant; composition - NA"
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"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - CDPM 81.1%, SDF 8.6%, UNDP 5.8%, UDC 1.16%, other 2.8%; seats by party - CPDM 63, SDF 7 <br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPDM 139, UNDP 7, SDF 5, PCRN 5, UDC 4, FSNC 3, MDR 2, Union of Socialist Movements 2; 13 vacant; composition - NA"
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}
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},
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"Judicial branch": {
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}
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},
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"Political parties and leaders": {
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"text": "Alliance for Democracy and Development<br />Cameroon People's Democratic Movement or CPDM [Paul BIYA]<br />Cameroon People's Party or CPP [Edith Kah WALLA]<br />Cameroon Renaissance Movement or MRC [Maurice KAMTO]<br />Cameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou Ndam NJOYA]<br />Cameroonian Party for National Reconciliation or PCRN [Cabral LIBII]<br />Front for the National Salvation of Cameroon or FSNC [Issa Tchiroma BAKARY]<br />Movement for the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA]<br />Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC [Marcel YONDO]<br />National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Maigari BELLO BOUBA]<br />Progressive Movement or MP [Jean-Jacques EKINDI]<br />Social Democratic Front or SDF [John FRU NDI]<br />Union of Peoples of Cameroon or UPC [Provisionary Management Bureau]<br />Union of Socialist Movements"
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"text": "Alliance for Democracy and Development<br>Cameroon People's Democratic Movement or CPDM [Paul BIYA]<br>Cameroon People's Party or CPP [Edith Kah WALLA]<br>Cameroon Renaissance Movement or MRC [Maurice KAMTO]<br>Cameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou Ndam NJOYA]<br>Cameroonian Party for National Reconciliation or PCRN [Cabral LIBII]<br>Front for the National Salvation of Cameroon or FSNC [Issa Tchiroma BAKARY]<br>Movement for the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA]<br>Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC [Marcel YONDO]<br>National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Maigari BELLO BOUBA]<br>Progressive Movement or MP [Jean-Jacques EKINDI]<br>Social Democratic Front or SDF [John FRU NDI]<br>Union of Peoples of Cameroon or UPC [Provisionary Management Bureau]<br>Union of Socialist Movements"
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},
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"International organization participation": {
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"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, C, CEMAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
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},
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"Telecommunication systems": {
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"general assessment": {
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"text": "<p>Cameroon’s 3G and LTE services are improving through growing competition and a government program to improve national connectivity and support digital economy; saturated use of transactions through m-commerce; developing broadband sector; improved submarine and terrestrial cable connectivity strengthened international bandwidth and lowered prices; pushing start of fiber link to Congo; fiber rollout continues with new government funding; operators opened new data center in 2020 and developed contracts for satellite broadband; government awarded contract to provide connectivity to universities (2021)</p> (2020)"
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"text": "<p>Cameroon’s 3G and LTE services are improving through growing competition and a government program to improve national connectivity and support digital economy; saturated use of transactions through m-commerce; developing broadband sector; improved submarine and terrestrial cable connectivity strengthened international bandwidth and lowered prices; pushing start of fiber link to Congo; fiber rollout continues with new government funding; operators opened new data center in 2020 and developed contracts for satellite broadband; government awarded contract to provide connectivity to universities (2021)</p> (2020)"
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},
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"domestic": {
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"text": "only about 4 per 100 persons for fixed-line subscriptions; mobile-cellular usage has increased sharply, reaching a subscribership base of over 82 per 100 persons (2019)"
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},
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"Military and Security": {
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"Military and security forces": {
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"text": "Cameroon Armed Forces (Forces Armees Camerounaises, FAC): Army (L'Armee de Terre), Navy (Marine Nationale Republique, MNR, includes naval infantry), Air Force (Armee de l'Air du Cameroun, AAC), Rapid Intervention Battalion (Bataillons d’Intervention Rapide, BIR), Gendarmerie, Presidential Guard (2021)<br><br>note - the Rapid Intervention Battalion, a brigade-sized force comprised of several high-readiness land units, maintains its own command and control structure and reports directly to the President, rather than the Defense Minister",
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"text": "Cameroon Armed Forces (Forces Armees Camerounaises, FAC): Army (L'Armee de Terre), Navy (Marine Nationale Republique, MNR, includes naval infantry), Air Force (Armee de l'Air du Cameroun, AAC), Rapid Intervention Battalion (Bataillons d’Intervention Rapide, BIR), Gendarmerie, Presidential Guard (2021)<br><br>note - the Rapid Intervention Battalion, a brigade-sized force comprised of several high-readiness land units, maintains its own command and control structure and reports directly to the President, rather than the Defense Minister",
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"note": "note - the Rapid Intervention Battalion, a brigade-sized force comprised of several high-readiness land units, maintains its own command and control structure and reports directly to the President, rather than the Defense Minister"
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},
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"Military expenditures": {
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},
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"Terrorism": {
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"Terrorist group(s)": {
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"text": "Boko Haram; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham – West Africa<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>",
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in <a title=\"Appendix-T\" href=\"../appendix/appendix-t.html\">Appendix-T</a>"
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"text": "Boko Haram; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham – West Africa<br><br><strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T",
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
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}
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},
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"Transnational Issues": {
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"text": "human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Cameroon and Cameroonians abroad; deteriorating economic and education conditions and diminished police and judicial presence caused by conflict in the Northwest and Southwest has left displaced persons vulnerable to trafficking; parents may be lured by promises of education or a better life for their children in urban areas, and then the children are subject to forced labor and sex trafficking; teenagers and adolescents may be lured to cities with promises of employment and then become victims of forced labor and sex trafficking; children from neighboring countries are forced to work in spare parts shops or cattle grazing by business owners and herders; Cameroonians, often from rural areas, are exploited in forced labor and sex trafficking in the Middle East, Europe, the United States, and African countries"
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},
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"tier rating": {
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"text": "Tier 2 Watch List —<strong> </strong>Cameroon does not meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking, but is making significant efforts to do so; authorities investigated at least nine suspected trafficking cases, identified 77 victims, and provided some training on trafficking indicators to officials and teachers; however, officials prosecuted and convicted fewer traffickers; standard operating procedures for the identification and referral of trafficking victims were not implemented, and officials were not trained on the measures; the government did not report referring trafficking victims to government institutions for vulnerable children, but NGO-funded centers provided care for an unknown number of child victims; 2012 anti-trafficking legislation addressing victim and witness protection in conformity with international law was not passed for the eighth consecutive year (2020)"
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"text": "Tier 2 Watch List —<strong> </strong>Cameroon does not meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking, but is making significant efforts to do so; authorities investigated at least nine suspected trafficking cases, identified 77 victims, and provided some training on trafficking indicators to officials and teachers; however, officials prosecuted and convicted fewer traffickers; standard operating procedures for the identification and referral of trafficking victims were not implemented, and officials were not trained on the measures; the government did not report referring trafficking victims to government institutions for vulnerable children, but NGO-funded centers provided care for an unknown number of child victims; 2012 anti-trafficking legislation addressing victim and witness protection in conformity with international law was not passed for the eighth consecutive year (2020)"
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}
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}
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}
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