From 994a08ca09940dce5b4f7a83d36a5f6769fede3c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Gerald Bauer Date: Sat, 12 Jul 2014 21:33:11 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] add pacific --- pacific/au-australia.json | 625 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ pacific/fj-fiji.json | 577 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ pacific/fm-micronesia.json | 471 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ pacific/ki-kiribati.json | 524 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ pacific/nr-nauru.json | 471 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ pacific/nz-new-zealand.json | 615 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 6 files changed, 3283 insertions(+) create mode 100644 pacific/au-australia.json create mode 100644 pacific/fj-fiji.json create mode 100644 pacific/fm-micronesia.json create mode 100644 pacific/ki-kiribati.json create mode 100644 pacific/nr-nauru.json create mode 100644 pacific/nz-new-zealand.json diff --git a/pacific/au-australia.json b/pacific/au-australia.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0827f590 --- /dev/null +++ b/pacific/au-australia.json @@ -0,0 +1,625 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Prehistoric settlers arrived on the continent from Southeast Asia at least 40,000 years before the first Europeans began exploration in the 17th century. No formal territorial claims were made until 1770, when Capt. James COOK took possession of the east coast in the name of Great Britain (all of Australia was claimed as British territory in 1829 with the creation of the colony of Western Australia). Six colonies were created in the late 18th and 19th centuries; they federated and became the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901. The new country took advantage of its natural resources to rapidly develop agricultural and manufacturing industries and to make a major contribution to the Allied effort in World Wars I and II. In recent decades, Australia has become an internationally competitive, advanced market economy due in large part to economic reforms adopted in the 1980s and its location in one of the fastest growing regions of the world economy. Long-term concerns include aging of the population, pressure on infrastructure, and environmental issues such as floods, droughts, and bushfires. Australia is the driest inhabited continent on earth, making it particularly vulnerable to the challenges of climate change. Australia is home to 10 per cent of the world's biodiversity, and a great number of its flora and fauna exist nowhere else in the world. In January 2013, Australia assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2013-14 term." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Oceania, continent between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "27 00 S, 133 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Oceania" + }, + "area": { + "total": "7,741,220 sq km", + "land": "7,682,300 sq km", + "water": "58,920 sq km", + "note": "includes Lord Howe Island and Macquarie Island" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than the US contiguous 48 states" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "text": "0 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "25,760 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", + "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "mostly low plateau with deserts; fertile plain in southeast" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Lake Eyre -15 m", + "highest_point": "Mount Kosciuszko 2,229 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "bauxite, coal, iron ore, copper, tin, gold, silver, uranium, nickel, tungsten, rare earth elements, mineral sands, lead, zinc, diamonds, natural gas, petroleum", + "note": "Australia is the world's largest net exporter of coal accounting for 29% of global coal exports" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "6.16% (includes about 27 million hectares of cultivated grassland)", + "permanent_crops": "0.05%", + "other": "93.79% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "25,460 sq km (2006)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "492 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "22.58 cu km/yr (27%/18%/55%)", + "per_capita": "1,152 cu m/yr (2010)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "cyclones along the coast; severe droughts; forest fires", + "volcanism": "volcanic activity on Heard and McDonald Islands" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "soil erosion from overgrazing, industrial development, urbanization, and poor farming practices; soil salinity rising due to the use of poor quality water; desertification; clearing for agricultural purposes threatens the natural habitat of many unique animal and plant species; the Great Barrier Reef off the northeast coast, the largest coral reef in the world, is threatened by increased shipping and its popularity as a tourist site; limited natural freshwater resources" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "world's smallest continent but sixth-largest country; the only continent without glaciers; population concentrated along the eastern and southeastern coasts; the invigorating sea breeze known as the \"Fremantle Doctor\" affects the city of Perth on the west coast and is one of the most consistent winds in the world" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Australian(s)", + "adjective": "Australian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "white 92%, Asian 7%, aboriginal and other 1%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "English 78.5%, Chinese 2.5%, Italian 1.6%, Greek 1.3%, Arabic 1.2%, Vietnamese 1%, other 8.2%, unspecified 5.7% (2006 Census)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Protestant 27.4% (Anglican 18.7%, Uniting Church 5.7%, Presbyterian and Reformed 3%), Catholic 25.8%, Eastern Orthodox 2.7%, other Christian 7.9%, Buddhist 2.1%, Muslim 1.7%, other 2.4%, unspecified 11.3%, none 18.7% (2006 Census)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "22,262,501 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "18.1% (male 2,061,973/female 1,957,558)", + "15_24_years": "13.4% (male 1,531,325/female 1,453,940)", + "25_54_years": "42% (male 4,748,667/female 4,598,259)", + "55_64_years": "11.8% (male 1,308,660/female 1,326,220)", + "65_years_and_over": "14.7% (male 1,509,460/female 1,766,439) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "50.2 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "28.6 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "21.5 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "4.6 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "38.1 years", + "male": "37.3 years", + "female": "38.8 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.11% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "12.23 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "7.01 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "5.83 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "89% of total population (2010)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "1.2% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "Sydney 4.429 million; Melbourne 3.853 million; Brisbane 1.97 million; Perth 1.599 million; CANBERRA (capital) 399,000 (2011)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.85 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "1.01 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "30.5 (2006 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "7 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "4.49 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "4.8 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "4.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "81.98 years", + "male": "79.55 years", + "female": "84.54 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "1.77 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "72.3%", + "note": "percent of women aged 18-44 (2005)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "8.7% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "2.99 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "3.82 beds/1,000 population (2009)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "0.1% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "20,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "26.8% (2008)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "5.1% of GDP (2009)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "99%", + "male": "99%", + "female": "99% (2003 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "20 years", + "male": "19 years", + "female": "20 years (2010)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "11.3%", + "male": "11.9%", + "female": "10.8% (2011)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Commonwealth of Australia", + "conventional_short_form": "Australia" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "federal parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Canberra", + "geographic_coordinates": "35 16 S, 149 08 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+10 (15 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", + "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins first Sunday in October; ends first Sunday in April", + "note": "Australia is divided into three time zones" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "6 states and 2 territories*; Australian Capital Territory*, New South Wales, Northern Territory*, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia" + }, + "dependent_areas": { + "text": "Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Macquarie Island, Norfolk Island" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "1 January 1901 (from the federation of UK colonies)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Australia Day (commemorates the arrival of the First Fleet of Australian settlers), 26 January (1788); ANZAC Day (commemorates the anniversary of the landing of troops of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps during World War I at Gallipoli, Turkey), 25 April (1915)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "9 July 1900; effective 1 January 1901" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "common law system based on the English model" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "Queen of Australia ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Quentin BRYCE (since 5 September 2008)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Kevin RUDD (since 27 June 2013); Deputy Prime Minister Anthony N. ALBANESE (since 27 June 2013)", + "cabinet": "prime minister nominates, from among members of Parliament, candidates who are subsequently sworn in by the governor general to serve as government ministers", + "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is sworn in as prime minister by the governor general" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral Federal Parliament consists of the Senate (76 seats; 12 members from each of the six states and 2 from each of the two mainland territories; one-half of state members are elected every three years by popular vote to serve six-year terms while all territory members are elected every three years) and the House of Representatives (150 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve terms of up to three-years; no state can have fewer than 5 representatives)", + "elections": "Senate - last held on 7 September 2013; House of Representatives - last held on 7 September 2013 (the latest a simultaneous half-Senate and House of Representative elections can be held is 30 November 2016)", + "election_results": "Senate NA; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - Liberal/National Coalition 53.18%, Australian Labor Party 46.82%; seats by party - Liberal/National Coalition 90, Australian Labor Party 55, Australian Greens Party 1, Katter's Australian Party 1, Palmer United Party 1, independents 2" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "High Court of Australia (consists of 7 justices, including the chief justice); note - each of the 6 states, 2 territories, and Norfolk Island has a Supreme Court; the High Court is the final appellate court beyond the state and territory supreme courts", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "justices appointed by the governor-general in council for life with mandatory retirement at age 70", + "subordinate_courts": "subordinate courts at the federal level: Federal Court; Federal Magistrates' Courts of Australia; Family Court; subordinate courts at the state and territory level: Local Court - New South Wales; Magistrates' Courts – Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania, Northern Territory, Australian Capital Territory; District Courts – New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia; County Court – Victoria; Family Court – Western Australia; Court of Petty Sessions – Norfolk Island" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Australian Greens Party [Christine MILNE]; Australian Labor Party [Kevin RUDD]; Country Liberal Party [Terry MILLS]; Family First Party [Steve FIELDING]; Liberal National Party of Queensland [Campbell NEWMAN]; Liberal Party [Tony ABBOTT]; National Party of Australia [Warren TRUSS]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "other": "business groups, environmental groups, social groups, trade unions" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ADB, ANZUS, APEC, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CD, CP, EAS, EBRD, EITI (implementing country), FAO, FATF, G-20, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NEA, NSG, OECD, OPCW, OSCE (partner), Paris Club, PCA, PIF, SAARC (observer), SICA (observer), Sparteca, SPC, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNMISS, UNMIT, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Kim Christian BEAZLEY", + "chancery": "1601 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 797-3000", + "fax": "[1] (202) 797-3168", + "consulates_general": "Atlanta, Chicago, Honolulu, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Jeffrey L. BLEICH", + "embassy": "Moonah Place, Yarralumla, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600", + "mailing_address": "APO AP 96549", + "telephone": "[61] (02) 6214-5600", + "fax": "[61] (02) 6214-5970", + "consulates_general": "Melbourne, Perth, Sydney" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large seven-pointed star in the lower hoist-side quadrant known as the Commonwealth or Federation Star, representing the federation of the colonies of Australia in 1901; the star depicts one point for each of the six original states and one representing all of Australia's internal and external territories; on the fly half is a representation of the Southern Cross constellation in white with one small, five-pointed star and four larger, seven-pointed stars" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "Southern Cross constellation (five, seven-pointed stars); kangaroo; emu" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Advance Australia Fair\"", + "lyrics_music": "Peter Dodds McCORMICK", + "note": "adopted 1984; although originally written in the late 19th century, the anthem did not become used for all official occasions until 1984; as a Commonwealth country, in addition to the national anthem, \"God Save the Queen\" is also played at Royal functions (see United Kingdom)" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "The Australian economy has experienced continuous growth and features low unemployment, contained inflation, very low public debt, and a strong and stable financial system. By 2012, Australia had experienced more than 20 years of continued economic growth, averaging 3.5% a year. Demand for resources and energy from Asia and especially China has grown rapidly, creating a channel for resources investments and growth in commodity exports. The high Australian dollar has hurt the manufacturing sector, while the services sector is the largest part of the Australian economy, accounting for about 70% of GDP and 75% of jobs. Australia was comparatively unaffected by the global financial crisis as the banking system has remained strong and inflation is under control. Australia has benefited from a dramatic surge in its terms of trade in recent years, stemming from rising global commodity prices. Australia is a significant exporter of natural resources, energy, and food. Australia's abundant and diverse natural resources attract high levels of foreign investment and include extensive reserves of coal, iron, copper, gold, natural gas, uranium, and renewable energy sources. A series of major investments, such as the US$40 billion Gorgon Liquid Natural Gas project, will significantly expand the resources sector. Australia is an open market with minimal restrictions on imports of goods and services. The process of opening up has increased productivity, stimulated growth, and made the economy more flexible and dynamic. Australia plays an active role in the World Trade Organization, APEC, the G20, and other trade forums. Australia has bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) with Chile, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, Thailand, and the US, has a regional FTA with ASEAN and New Zealand, is negotiating agreements with China, India, Indonesia, Japan, and the Republic of Korea, as well as with its Pacific neighbors and the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, and is also working on the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement with Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, the US, and Vietnam." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$986.7 billion (2012 est.); $952.6 billion (2011 est.); $930 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$1.542 trillion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "3.6% (2012 est.); 2.4% (2011 est.); 2.6% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$43,300 (2012 est.); $42,400 (2011 est.); $41,900 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "25.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 25.1% of GDP (2011 est.); 24% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "54.9%", + "government_consumption": "18.2%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "28.5%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0.4%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "20.2%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-21.3% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "4%", + "industry": "27.3%", + "services": "68.8% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "wheat, barley, sugarcane, fruits; cattle, sheep, poultry" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals, steel" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "3.6% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "12.15 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "3.6%", + "industry": "21.1%", + "services": "75% (2009 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "5.2% (2012 est.); 5.1% (2011 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "2%", + "highest_10%": "25.4% (1994)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "30.3 (2008); 35.2 (1994)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$498.1 billion", + "expenditures": "$541 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "32.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-2.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "29.3% of GDP (2012 est.); 26.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "1 July - 30 June" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "1.8% (2012 est.); 3.3% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "3% (February 2013 est.); 4.35% (31 December 2010 est.)", + "note": "this is the Reserve Bank of Australia's \"cash rate target,\" or policy rate" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "6.98% (31 December 2012 est.); 7.74% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$534.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $475.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$1.708 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.501 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$2.255 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.061 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$1.4 trillion (31 January 2013); $1.198 trillion (31 December 2011); $1.455 trillion (31 December 2010)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$47.1 billion (2012 est.); -$29.5 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$258.8 billion (2012 est.); $271.6 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "coal, iron ore, gold, meat, wool, alumina, wheat, machinery and transport equipment" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "China 29.5%, Japan 19.3%, South Korea 8%, India 4.9% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$239.7 billion (2012 est.); $242.3 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "machinery and transport equipment, computers and office machines, telecommunication equipment and parts; crude oil and petroleum products" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "China 18.2%, US 11.6%, Japan 7.8%, Singapore 5.9%, Germany 4.6%, Thailand 4.2%, South Korea 4% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$49.22 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $46.83 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$1.497 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.383 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$618.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $552.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$426.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $378.7 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar -; 0.9658 (2012 est.); 0.9695 (2011 est.); 1.0902 (2010); 1.2822 (2009); 1.2059 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "241.5 billion kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "228.8 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "56.94 million kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "79% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "13.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "4.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "482,500 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "250,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "380,900 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "1.426 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "674,700 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "1.023 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "64,730 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "332,900 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "44.99 billion cu m (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "27.56 billion cu m (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "25.53 billion cu m (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "8.102 billion cu m (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "788.6 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "405.3 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "10.57 million (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "24.49 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "excellent domestic and international service", + "domestic": "domestic satellite system; significant use of radiotelephone in areas of low population density; rapid growth of mobile telephones", + "international": "country code - 61; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 optical telecommunications submarine cable with links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; the Southern Cross fiber optic submarine cable provides links to New Zealand and the United States; satellite earth stations - 10 Intelsat (4 Indian Ocean and 6 Pacific Ocean), 2 Inmarsat, 2 Globalstar, 5 other) (2007)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) runs multiple national and local radio networks and TV stations, as well as Australia Network, a TV service that broadcasts throughout the Asia-Pacific region and is the main public broadcaster; Special Broadcasting Service (SBS), a second large public broadcaster, operates radio and TV networks broadcasting in multiple languages; several large national commercial TV networks, a large number of local commercial TV stations, and hundreds of commercial radio stations are accessible; cable and satellite systems are available (2008)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".au" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "17.081 million (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "15.81 million (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "480 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "349", + "over_3_047_m": "11", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "14", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "155", + "914_to_1_523_m": "155", + "under_914_m": "14 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "131", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "16", + "914_to_1_523_m": "101", + "under_914_m": "14 (2013)" + }, + "heliports": { + "text": "1 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "condensate/gas 637 km; gas 30,054 km; liquid petroleum gas 240 km; oil 3,609 km; oil/gas/water 110 km; refined products 72 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "38,445 km", + "broad_gauge": "3,355 km 1.600-m gauge", + "standard_gauge": "21,674 km 1.435-m gauge (650 km electrified)", + "narrow_gauge": "9,539 km 1.067-m gauge (2,067 km electrified); 3,877 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "823,217 km", + "paved": "356,343 km", + "unpaved": "466,874 km (2011)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "2,000 km (mainly used for recreation on Murray and Murray-Darling river systems) (2011)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "41", + "by_type": "bulk carrier 8, cargo 7, liquefied gas 4, passenger 6, passenger/cargo 6, petroleum tanker 5, roll on/roll off 5", + "foreign_owned": "17 (Canada 5, Germany 2, Singapore 2, South Africa 1, UK 5, US 2)", + "registered_in_other_countries": "25 (Bahamas 1, Dominica 1, Fiji 2, Liberia 1, Netherlands 1, Panama 4, Singapore 12, Tonga 1, UK 1, US 1) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Brisbane, Cairns, Darwin, Fremantle, Geelong, Gladstone, Hobart, Melbourne, Newcastle, Port Adelaide, Port Kembla, Sydney", + "dry_bulk_cargo_ports": "Dampier (iron ore), Dalrymple Bay (coal), Hay Point (coal), Port Hedland (iron ore), Port Walcott (iron ore)", + "container_ports_teus": "Brisbane (1,004,983), Melbourne (2,467,967), Sydney (2,028,074)(2011)" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Australian Defense Force (ADF): Australian Army (includes Special Operations Command), Royal Australian Navy (includes Naval Aviation Force), Royal Australian Air Force, Joint Operations Command (JOC) (2013)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "17 years of age for voluntary military service (with parental consent); no conscription; women allowed to serve in most combat roles, except the Army special forces (2013)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "5,316,464", + "females_age_16_49": "5,116,722 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "4,411,958", + "females_age_16_49": "4,239,985 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "143,565", + "female": "135,800 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "3% of GDP (2012)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "In 2007, Australia and Timor-Leste agreed to a 50-year development zone and revenue sharing arrangement and deferred a maritime boundary; Australia asserts land and maritime claims to Antarctica; Australia's 2004 submission to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) extends its continental margins over 3.37 million square kilometers, expanding its seabed roughly 30 percent beyond its claimed exclusive economic zone; all borders between Indonesia and Australia have been agreed upon bilaterally, but a 1997 treaty that would settle the last of their maritime and Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) boundary has yet to be ratified by Indonesia's legislature; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef; Australia closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "7,192 (Afghanistan) (2012)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "Tasmania is one of the world's major suppliers of licit opiate products; government maintains strict controls over areas of opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate; major consumer of cocaine and amphetamines" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pacific/fj-fiji.json b/pacific/fj-fiji.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cdf745df --- /dev/null +++ b/pacific/fj-fiji.json @@ -0,0 +1,577 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Fiji became independent in 1970 after nearly a century as a British colony. Democratic rule was interrupted by two military coups in 1987 caused by concern over a government perceived as dominated by the Indian community (descendants of contract laborers brought to the islands by the British in the 19th century). The coups and a 1990 constitution that cemented native Melanesian control of Fiji led to heavy Indian emigration; the population loss resulted in economic difficulties, but ensured that Melanesians became the majority. A new constitution enacted in 1997 was more equitable. Free and peaceful elections in 1999 resulted in a government led by an Indo-Fijian, but a civilian-led coup in May 2000 ushered in a prolonged period of political turmoil. Parliamentary elections held in August 2001 provided Fiji with a democratically elected government led by Prime Minister Laisenia QARASE. Re-elected in May 2006, QARASE was ousted in a December 2006 military coup led by Commodore Voreqe BAINIMARAMA, who initially appointed himself acting president but in January 2007 became interim prime minister. Since taking power BAINIMARAMA has neutralized his opponents, crippled Fiji's democratic institutions, and initially refused to hold elections. In 2012, he promised to hold elections in 2014." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Oceania, island group in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "18 00 S, 175 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Oceania" + }, + "area": { + "total": "18,274 sq km", + "land": "18,274 sq km", + "water": "0 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than New Jersey" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "text": "0 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "1,129 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "text": "measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines", + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", + "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation; rectilinear shelf claim added" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "mostly mountains of volcanic origin" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Tomanivi 1,324 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "timber, fish, gold, copper, offshore oil potential, hydropower" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "9.17%", + "permanent_crops": "4.65%", + "other": "86.17% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "30 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "28.55 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.08 cu km/yr (30%/11%/59%)", + "per_capita": "100.1 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "cyclonic storms can occur from November to January" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "deforestation; soil erosion" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "includes 332 islands; approximately 110 are inhabited" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Fijian(s)", + "adjective": "Fijian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Fijian 57.3% (predominantly Melanesian with a Polynesian admixture), Indian 37.6%, Rotuman 1.2%, other 3.9% (European, other Pacific Islanders, Chinese) (2007 census)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "English (official), Fijian (official), Hindustani" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Protestant 55.4% (Methodist 34.6%, Assembly of God 5.7%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3.9%, Anglican 0.8%, other 10.4%), Hindu 27.9%, Roman Catholic 9.1%, Muslim 6.3%, Sikh 0.3%, other or unspecified 0.3%, none 0.7% (2007 census)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "896,758 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "28.4% (male 129,938/female 124,374)", + "15_24_years": "17.4% (male 79,597/female 76,080)", + "25_54_years": "41.1% (male 188,488/female 179,760)", + "55_64_years": "7.6% (male 34,251/female 33,753)", + "65_years_and_over": "5.6% (male 23,212/female 27,305) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "52.2 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "43.9 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "8.3 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "12.1 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "27.6 years", + "male": "27.4 years", + "female": "27.8 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.73% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "20.28 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "5.96 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-6.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "52% of total population (2010)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "1.3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "SUVA (capital) 174,000 (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.85 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "1.03 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "26 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "10.46 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "11.53 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "9.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "71.87 years", + "male": "69.26 years", + "female": "74.62 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "2.54 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "4.9% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.45 physicians/1,000 population (2003)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "2.1 beds/1,000 population (2009)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 95% of population; total: 98% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 5% of population; total: 2% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 94% of population; rural: 71% of population; total: 83% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 6% of population; rural: 29% of population; total: 17% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "0.1% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "30.6% (2008)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "4.1% of GDP (2011)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "93.7%", + "male": "95.5%", + "female": "91.9% (2003 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "15.7 years (2011)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Fiji", + "conventional_short_form": "Fiji", + "local_long_form": "Republic of Fiji/Matanitu ko Viti", + "local_short_form": "Fiji/Viti" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Suva (on Viti Levu)", + "geographic_coordinates": "18 08 S, 178 25 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", + "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins fourth Sunday in October; ends third Sunday in January" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "4 divisions and 1 dependency*; Central, Eastern, Northern, Rotuma*, Western" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "10 October 1970 (from the UK)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, second Monday of October (1970)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "enacted 25 July 1997; effective 28 July 1998; note - constitution encourages multiculturalism and makes multiparty government mandatory" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "common law system based on the English model" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "21 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Ratu Epeli NAILATIKAU (since 30 July 2009)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Laisenia QARASE (since 10 September 2000); note - although QARASE is still the legal prime minister, he has been confined to his home island; former President ILOILOVATU appointed Commodore Voreqe \"Frank\" BAINIMARAMA interim prime minister under the military regime", + "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the prime minister from among the members of Parliament and responsible to Parliament; note - coup leader Commodore Voreqe BAINIMARAMA has appointed an interim cabinet", + "elections": "under the constitution, president elected by the Great Council of Chiefs for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); in 2007 the Great Council of Chiefs was suspended from its role in electing the president; prime minister appointed by the president", + "election_results": "Ratu Epeli NAILATIKAU was appointed by Chief Justice Anthony GATES" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (32 seats; 14 members appointed by the president on the advice of the Great Council of Chiefs, 9 appointed by the president on the advice of the Prime Minister, 8 on the advice of the opposition leader, and 1 appointed on the advice of the council of Rotuma) and the House of Representatives (71 seats; 23 members reserved for ethnic Fijians, 19 reserved for ethnic Indians, 3 reserved for other ethnic groups, 1 reserved for the council of Rotuma constituency encompassing the whole of Fiji, and 25 open seats; members serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "House of Representatives - last held on 6-13 May 2006 (long delayed, the next elections reportedly will be held in 2014)", + "election_results": "House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - SDL 44.6%, FLP 39.2%, UPP 0.8%, independents 4.9%, other 10.5%; seats by party - SDL 36, FLP 31, UPP 2, independents 2" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, all justices of the Court of Appeal, and judges appointed specifically as Supreme Court judges); Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, all puisne judges of the High Court, and judges specifically appointed to the Court of Appeal); High Court (chaired by the chief justice and includes a minimum of 10 puisne judges; High Court organized into civil, criminal, family, employment, and tax divisions) note - in 1987, the Supreme Court assumed functions formerly performed by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "chief justice appointed by the president of Fiji on the advice of the prime minister following consultation with the parliamentary leader of the opposition; judges of the Supreme Court, the president of the Court of Appeal, the justices of the Court of Appeal, and puisne judges of the High Court are appointed by the president of Fiji, upon the nomination of the Judicial Service Commission, after consulting with the cabinet minister and the committee of the House of Representatives responsible for the administration of justice; the chief justice, Supreme Court judges, and justices of Appeal generally required to retire at age 70, but may be waived for one or more sessions of the court; puisine judges appointed for not less than 4 years nor more than 7 years with mandatory retirement at age 65", + "subordinate_courts": "Magistrates' Court (organized into civil, criminal, juvenile, and small claims divisions)" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Dodonu Ni Taukei Party or DNT [Fereti S. DEWA]; Fiji Democratic Party or FDP [Filipe BOLE] (a merger of the Christian Democrat Alliance or VLV [Poesci Waqalevu BUNE], Fijian Association Party or FAP, Fijian Political Party or SVT [Sitiveni RABUKA] (primarily Fijian), and New Labor Unity Party or NLUP [Ofa SWANN]); Fiji Labor Party or FLP [Mahendra CHAUDHRY]; General Voters Party or GVP (became part of United General Party); Girmit Heritage Party or GHP; Justice and Freedom Party or AIM; Lio 'On Famor Rotuma Party or LFR; National Federation Party or NFP [Pramond RAE] (primarily Indian); Nationalist Vanua Takolavo Party or NVTLP [Saula TELAWA]; Party of National Unity or PANU [Ponipate LESAVUA]; Party of the Truth or POTT; United Fiji Party/Sogosogo Duavata ni Lewenivanua or SDL [Laisenia QARASE]; United Peoples Party or UPP [Millis Mick BEDDOES]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Group Against Racial Discrimination or GARD [Dr. Anirudk SINGH] (for restoration of a democratic government); Viti Landowners Association" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C (suspended), CP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, PIF, Sparteca (suspended), SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNMIT, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Winston THOMPSON", + "chancery": "2000 M Street, NW, Suite 710, Washington, DC 20036", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 466-8320", + "fax": "[1] (202) 466-8325" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Frankie A. REED", + "embassy": "158 Princes Rd, Tamavua", + "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 218, Suva", + "telephone": "[679] 331-4466", + "fax": "[679] 330-2267" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Fijian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the blue symbolizes the Pacific ocean and the Union Jack reflects the links with Great Britain; the shield - taken from Fiji's coat of arms - depicts a yellow lion above a white field quartered by the cross of Saint George; the four quarters depict stalks of sugarcane, a palm tree, bananas, and a white dove" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"God Bless Fiji\"", + "lyrics_music": "Michael Francis Alexander PRESCOTT/C. Austin MILES (adapted by Michael Francis Alexander PRESCOTT)", + "note": "adopted 1970; the anthem is known in Fijian as \"Meda Dau Doka\" (Let Us Show Pride); adapted from the hymn, \"Dwelling in Beulah Land,\" the anthem's English lyrics are generally sung, although they differ in meaning from the official Fijian lyrics" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Fiji, endowed with forest, mineral, and fish resources, is one of the most developed of the Pacific island economies though still with a large subsistence sector. Sugar exports, remittances from Fijians working abroad, and a growing tourist industry - with 400,000 to 500,000 tourists annually - are the major sources of foreign exchange. Fiji's sugar has special access to European Union markets but will be harmed by the EU's decision to cut sugar subsidies. Sugar processing makes up one-third of industrial activity but is not efficient. Fiji's tourism industry was damaged by the December 2006 coup and is facing an uncertain recovery time. In 2007 tourist arrivals were down almost 6%, with substantial job losses in the service sector, and GDP dipped. The coup has created a difficult business climate. The EU has suspended all aid until the interim government takes steps toward new elections. Long-term problems include low investment, uncertain land ownership rights, and the government's inability to manage its budget. Overseas remittances from Fijians working in Kuwait and Iraq have decreased significantly. Fiji's current account deficit peaked at 23% of GDP in 2006, and declined to 12.5% of GDP in 2012." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$4.373 billion (2012 est.); $4.283 billion (2011 est.); $4.205 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$3.996 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.1% (2012 est.); 1.9% (2011 est.); 0.1% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$4,900 (2012 est.); $4,800 (2011 est.); $4,700 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "76.6%", + "government_consumption": "13.7%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "19.3%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "40.7%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-50.2% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "12.3%", + "industry": "19.1%", + "services": "68.6% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "sugarcane, coconuts, cassava (manioc), rice, sweet potatoes, bananas; cattle, pigs, horses, goats; fish" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "tourism, sugar, clothing, copra, gold, silver, lumber, small cottage industries" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "4%" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "335,000 (2007 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "70%", + "industry_and_services": "30% (2001 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "7.6% (1999)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "31% (2009 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "2.6%", + "highest_10%": "34.9% (2009 est.)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$1.062 billion", + "expenditures": "$1.229 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "26.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-4.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "48.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 54.1% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "5% (2012 est.); 8.7% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "1.75% (31 December 2010 est.); 3% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "7% (31 December 2012 est.); 7.47% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$796.7 million (31 December 2012 est.); $781.7 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$2.495 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $2.24 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$1.79 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.758 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$1.372 billion (31 December 2011); $1.404 billion (31 December 2010); $1.607 billion (31 December 2009)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$493.4 million (2012 est.); -$428.8 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$991.6 million (2012 est.); $901.5 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "sugar, garments, gold, timber, fish, molasses, coconut oil" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "US 13.3%, Australia 12%, Japan 6.3%, Samoa 5.8%, Tonga 5.1% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$1.938 billion (2012 est.); $1.762 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products, food, chemicals" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "Singapore 32.6%, Australia 15.4%, NZ 14.4%, China 10.7% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$1.007 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $833.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$661.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $860.7 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Fijian dollars (FJD) per US dollar -; 1.7899 (2012 est.); 1.7932 (2011 est.); 1.9183 (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "869.1 million kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "753.4 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "219,100 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "54.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "38.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "6.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "17,810 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "1,739 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "16,110 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "2.5 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "129,800 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "727,000 (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "modern local, interisland, and international (wire/radio integrated) public and special-purpose telephone, telegraph, and teleprinter facilities; regional radio communications center", + "domestic": "telephone or radio telephone links to almost all inhabited islands; most towns and large villages have automatic telephone exchanges and direct dialing; combined fixed and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 100 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 679; access to important cable links between US and Canada as well as between NZ and Australia; satellite earth stations - 2 Inmarsat (Pacific Ocean) (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "Fiji TV, a publicly traded company, operates a free-to-air channel as well as Sky Fiji and Sky Pacific multi-channel pay-TV services; state-owned commercial company, Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Ltd, operates 6 radio stations - 2 public broadcasters and 4 commercial broadcasters with multiple repeaters; 5 radio stations with repeaters operated by Communications Fiji, Ltd; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2009)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".fj" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "21,739 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "114,200 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "28 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "4", + "over_3_047_m": "1", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", + "914_to_1_523_m": "2 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "24", + "914_to_1_523_m": "5", + "under_914_m": "19 (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "597 km", + "narrow_gauge": "597 km 0.600-m gauge", + "note": "belongs to the government-owned Fiji Sugar Corporation; used to haul sugarcane during the harvest season, which runs from May to December (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "3,440 km", + "paved": "1,692 km", + "unpaved": "1,748 km (2000)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "203 km (122 km are navigable by motorized craft and 200-metric-ton barges) (2012)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "11", + "by_type": "passenger 4, passenger/cargo 4, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 2", + "foreign_owned": "2 (Australia 2) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Lautoka, Levuka, Suva" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Republic of Fiji Military Forces (RFMF): Land Forces, Naval Forces (2011)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; mandatory retirement at age 55 (2013)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "233,240", + "females_age_16_49": "222,587 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "183,730", + "females_age_16_49": "188,325 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "8,403", + "female": "8,039 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "1.6% of GDP (2012)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "none" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pacific/fm-micronesia.json b/pacific/fm-micronesia.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e5319d60 --- /dev/null +++ b/pacific/fm-micronesia.json @@ -0,0 +1,471 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "The Federated States of Micronesia, a UN Trust Territory under US administration, adopted a constitution in 1979. Independence came in 1986 under a Compact of Free Association with the US, which was amended and renewed in 2004. Present concerns include large-scale unemployment, overfishing, and overdependence on US aid." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Oceania, island group in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to Indonesia" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "6 55 N, 158 15 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Oceania" + }, + "area": { + "total": "702 sq km", + "land": "702 sq km", + "water": "0 sq km (fresh water only)", + "note": "includes Pohnpei (Ponape), Chuuk (Truk) Islands, Yap Islands, and Kosrae (Kosaie)" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "four times the size of Washington, DC (land area only)" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "text": "0 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "6,112 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical; heavy year-round rainfall, especially in the eastern islands; located on southern edge of the typhoon belt with occasionally severe damage" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "islands vary geologically from high mountainous islands to low, coral atolls; volcanic outcroppings on Pohnpei, Kosrae, and Chuuk" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Dolohmwar (Totolom) 791 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "timber, marine products, deep-seabed minerals, phosphate" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "2.86%", + "permanent_crops": "24.29%", + "other": "72.86% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "typhoons (June to December)" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "overfishing, climate change, pollution" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "four major island groups totaling 607 islands" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Micronesian(s)", + "adjective": "Micronesian; Chuukese, Kosraen(s), Pohnpeian(s), Yapese" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Chuukese 48.8%, Pohnpeian 24.2%, Kosraean 6.2%, Yapese 5.2%, Yap outer islands 4.5%, Asian 1.8%, Polynesian 1.5%, other 6.4%, unknown 1.4% (2000 census)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "English (official and common language), Chuukese, Kosrean, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Ulithian, Woleaian, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Roman Catholic 52.7%, Protestant 41.7% (Congregational 40.1%, Baptist 0.9%, Seventh-Day Adventist 0.7%), other 3.8%, none or unspecified 0.8% (2000 Census)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "106,104 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "32.4% (male 17,478/female 16,915)", + "15_24_years": "20.4% (male 10,933/female 10,715)", + "25_54_years": "37.6% (male 19,370/female 20,551)", + "55_64_years": "6.3% (male 3,374/female 3,360)", + "65_years_and_over": "3.2% (male 1,500/female 1,908) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "64.4 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "57.7 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.7 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "14.9 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "23.4 years", + "male": "22.8 years", + "female": "24 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "-0.38% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "21.44 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "4.27 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-20.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "23% of total population (2010)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "1.3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "PALIKIR (capital) 7,000 (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.94 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.77 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "100 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "22.71 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "25.12 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "20.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "72.07 years", + "male": "70.09 years", + "female": "74.16 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "2.68 children born/woman (2012 est.)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "14.2% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.56 physicians/1,000 population (2005)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "3.22 beds/1,000 population (2009)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 94% of population; rural: 92% of population; total: 92% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 6% of population; rural: 8% of population; total: 8% of population (2000 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 59% of population; rural: 16% of population; total: 26% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 41% of population; rural: 84% of population; total: 74% of population (2000 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "40.6% (2008)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "89%", + "male": "91%", + "female": "88% (1980 est.)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Federated States of Micronesia", + "conventional_short_form": "none", + "local_long_form": "Federated States of Micronesia", + "local_short_form": "none", + "former": "Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Ponape, Truk, and Yap Districts", + "abbreviation": "FSM" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "constitutional government in free association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force on 3 November 1986 and the Amended Compact entered into force in May 2004" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Palikir", + "geographic_coordinates": "6 55 N, 158 09 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "4 states; Chuuk (Truk), Kosrae (Kosaie), Pohnpei (Ponape), Yap" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "3 November 1986 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Constitution Day, 10 May (1979)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "10 May 1979" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of common and customary law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Emanuel MORI (since 11 May 2007); Vice President Alik L. ALIK (since 11 May 2007); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", + "head_of_government": "President Emanuel MORI (since 11 May 2007); Vice President Alik L. ALIK (since 11 May 2007)", + "cabinet": "Cabinet includes the vice president and the heads of the eight executive departments", + "elections": "president and vice president elected by Congress from among the four senators at large for a four-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 11 May 2011 (next to be held in May 2015); note - a proposed constitutional amendment to establish popular elections for president and vice president failed", + "election_results": "Emanuel MORI reelected president by Congress unopposed; Alik L. ALIK reelected vice president" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral Congress (14 seats; 4 - one elected from each state to serve four-year terms and 10 - elected from single-member districts delineated by population to serve two-year terms; members elected by popular vote)", + "elections": "last held on 5 March 2013 (next to be held in March 2015)", + "election_results": "percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 14" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and not more than 5 associate justices and organized into appellate and criminal divisions)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "justices appointed by the president of the Federated States of Micronesia with the approval of two-thirds of Congress; justices appointed for life", + "subordinate_courts": "the highest state-level courts are: Chuuk Supreme Court; Korsae State Court; Pohnpei State Court; Yap State Court" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "no formal parties" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IMF, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO, WMO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Asterio R. TAKESY", + "chancery": "1725 N Street NW, Washington, DC 20036", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 223-4383", + "fax": "[1] (202) 223-4391", + "consulates_general": "Honolulu, Tamuning (Guam)" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Dorothea-Maria (Doria) ROSEN", + "embassy": "101 Upper Pics Road, Kolonia", + "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 1286, Kolonia, Pohnpei, 96941; U.S. Embassy in Micronesia, 4120 Kolonia Place, Washington, D.C. 20521-4120", + "telephone": "[691] 320-2187", + "fax": "[691] 320-2186" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "light blue with four white five-pointed stars centered; the stars are arranged in a diamond pattern; blue symbolizes the Pacific Ocean, the stars represent the four island groups of Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Patriots of Micronesia\"", + "lyrics_music": "unknown", + "note": "adopted 1991; the anthem is also known as \"Across All Micronesia;\" the music is based on the 1820 German patriotic song \"Ich hab mich ergeben,\" which was the West German national anthem from 1949-1950; variants of this tune are used in Johannes Brahms' \"Festival Overture\" and Gustav Mahler's \"Third Symphony\"" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Economic activity consists of subsistence farming and fishing and government which is funded largely by Compact of Free Association (Compact) assistance provided by the US. The islands have few known mineral deposits worth commercial exploration. The potential for tourism is also limited by isolation, lack of adequate facilities, and limited air and water connections hinder development. Under the terms of the original Compact, the US provided $1.3 billion in grants and aid in 1986-2001. The US and the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) negotiated a second (amended) Compact agreement in 2002-2003 that took effect in 2004. The amended Compact runs for a 20-year period to 2024; during which the US will provide roughly $2.1 billion to the FSM. The amended Compact also includes a Trust Fund for the people of the FSM which is to provide an income stream beyond 2024 when Compact grants are to end. The country's medium-term economic outlook appears fragile because of reduced US assistance and lackluster performance of its small and stagnant private sector." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$766.4 million (2012 est.); $756.3 million (2011 est.); $740.7 million (2010 est.)", + "note": "GDP supplemented by grant aid, averaging perhaps $100 million annually" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$327 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.4% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$7,500 (2012 est.); $7,300 (2011 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "14%", + "industry": "12%", + "services": "74% (2011 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "black pepper, tropical fruits and vegetables, coconuts, bananas, cassava (tapioca), sakau (kava), Kosraen citrus, betel nuts, sweet potatoes; pigs, chickens; fish" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "tourism, construction; fish processing, specialized aquaculture; craft items (from shell, wood, and pearls)" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "15,920 (2011)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "0.9%", + "industry": "20.6%", + "services": "78.5%", + "note": "two-thirds of the labor force are government employees (2011 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "22% (2000 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "26.7% (2000)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "NA%", + "highest_10%": "NA%" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$107 million", + "expenditures": "$102 million (FY10/11 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "32.7% of GDP (FY10/11 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "1.5% of GDP (FY10/11 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "1 October - 30 September" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "3.4% (2011 est.); 3.5% (2010 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "14.35% (31 December 2012 est.); 14.35% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$27.22 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$118.4 million (31 December 2011 est.); $113.9 million (31 December 2010 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$56.77 million (31 December 2011 est.); $56.77 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$34.3 million (FY05 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$24.9 million (2009 est.); $14 million (2004 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "fish, garments, bananas, black pepper, sakau (kava), betel nuts" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$132.7 million (2004)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "food, manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, beverages" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$75.06 million (31 December 2011 est.); $75.06 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$60.8 million (FY05 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "the US dollar is used" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "192 million kWh (2002)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "178.6 million kWh (2002)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2002)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2002)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "8,500 (2010)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "27,500 (2010)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "adequate system", + "domestic": "islands interconnected by shortwave radiotelephone (used mostly for government purposes), satellite (Intelsat) ground stations, and some coaxial and fiber-optic cable; mobile-cellular service available on Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap", + "international": "country code - 691; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2002)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "no TV broadcast stations; each state has a multi-channel cable service with TV transmissions carrying roughly 95% imported programming and 5% local programming; about a half dozen radio stations (2009)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".fm" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "4,668 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "17,000 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "6 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "6", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "4", + "914_to_1_523_m": "2 (2013)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "240 km", + "paved": "42 km", + "unpaved": "198 km (2000)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "3", + "by_type": "cargo 1, passenger/cargo 2 (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Colonia (Tomil Harbor), Lele Harbor, Pohnepi Harbor" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "no regular military forces (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "26,712 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "22,008", + "females_age_16_49": "23,501 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "1,276", + "female": "1,253 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_note": { + "text": "defense is the responsibility of the US" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "none" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "Micronesia is a source, and to a limited extent, destination country for women subjected to sex trafficking; Micronesian women are fraudulently recruited for jobs in the US and its territories only to be forced into prostitution or labor upon arrival; Micronesian and foreign women and children are also reportedly prostituted on fishing vessels in Micronesia or its territorial waters, as well as restaurants and clubs frequented by fishermen; complaints of nonpayment and inhuman treatment on fishing boats has led to investigations of labor trafficking", + "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Micronesia does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; despite passage of implementing regulations for Micronesia's 2012 trafficking law, the government has not reported any investigations, prosecutions, or convictions for sex or labor trafficking; the government also makes no efforts to identify trafficking victims and refer them to protective services; no NGOs provide services to victims; limited efforts are made to increase the public's awareness of human trafficking (2013)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "major consumer of cannabis" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pacific/ki-kiribati.json b/pacific/ki-kiribati.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6c5d8aad --- /dev/null +++ b/pacific/ki-kiribati.json @@ -0,0 +1,524 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "The Gilbert Islands became a British protectorate in 1892 and a colony in 1915; they were captured by the Japanese in the Pacific War in 1941. The islands of Makin and Tarawa were the sites of major US amphibious victories over entrenched Japanese garrisons in 1943. The Gilbert Islands were granted self-rule by the UK in 1971 and complete independence in 1979 under the new name of Kiribati. The US relinquished all claims to the sparsely inhabited Phoenix and Line Island groups in a 1979 treaty of friendship with Kiribati." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Oceania, group of 33 coral atolls in the Pacific Ocean, straddling the Equator; the capital Tarawa is about half way between Hawaii and Australia" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "1 25 N, 173 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Oceania" + }, + "area": { + "total": "811 sq km", + "land": "811 sq km", + "water": "0 sq km", + "note": "includes three island groups - Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "four times the size of Washington, DC" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "text": "0 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "1,143 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "mostly low-lying coral atolls surrounded by extensive reefs" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "unnamed elevation on Banaba 81 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "phosphate (production discontinued in 1979)" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "2.47%", + "permanent_crops": "39.51%", + "other": "58.02% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "typhoons can occur any time, but usually November to March; occasional tornadoes; low level of some of the islands make them sensitive to changes in sea level" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "heavy pollution in lagoon of south Tarawa atoll due to heavy migration mixed with traditional practices such as lagoon latrines and open-pit dumping; ground water at risk" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "21 of the 33 islands are inhabited; Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Makatea in French Polynesia, and Nauru; Kiribati is the only country in the world to fall into all four hemispheres (northern, southern, eastern, and western)" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "I-Kiribati (singular and plural)", + "adjective": "I-Kiribati" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Micronesian 98.8%, other 1.2% (2000 census)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "I-Kiribati, English (official)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Roman Catholic 55%, Protestant 36%, Mormon 3.1%, Baha'i 2.2%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.9%, other 1.8% (2005 census)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "103,248 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "32.3% (male 16,989/female 16,355)", + "15_24_years": "21.2% (male 10,985/female 10,950)", + "25_54_years": "37.2% (male 18,486/female 19,955)", + "55_64_years": "5.3% (male 2,515/female 3,004)", + "65_years_and_over": "3.9% (male 1,572/female 2,437) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "56.2 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "49.8 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.5 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "15.5 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "23.2 years", + "male": "22.4 years", + "female": "24.1 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.21% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "22.18 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "7.24 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-2.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "44% of total population (2010)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "1.9% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "TARAWA (capital) 43,000 (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.93 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.85 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.64 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.96 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "9 deaths/100,000 live births (2008)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "36.5 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "37.74 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "35.21 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "65.11 years", + "male": "62.7 years", + "female": "67.64 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "2.63 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "22.3% (2009)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "11.3% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.3 physicians/1,000 population (2006)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "1.4 beds/1,000 population (2010)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 77% of population; rural: 50% of population; total: 62% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 23% of population; rural: 50% of population; total: 38% of population (2000 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 47% of population; rural: 22% of population; total: 33% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 53% of population; rural: 78% of population; total: 67% of population (2000 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "46% (2008)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "11.6% of GDP (2002)" + }, + "literacy": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "12 years", + "male": "12 years", + "female": "12 years (2008)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Kiribati", + "conventional_short_form": "Kiribati", + "local_long_form": "Republic of Kiribati", + "local_short_form": "Kiribati", + "note": "pronounced keer-ree-bahss", + "former": "Gilbert Islands" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Tarawa", + "geographic_coordinates": "0 53 S, 169 32 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", + "note": "on 1 January 1995, Kiribati proclaimed that all of its territory was in the same time zone as its Gilbert Islands group (UTC +12) even though the Phoenix Islands and the Line Islands under its jurisdiction were on the other side of the International Date Line" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "3 units; Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands; note - in addition, there are 6 districts (Banaba, Central Gilberts, Line Islands, Northern Gilberts, Southern Gilberts, Tarawa) and 21 island councils - one for each of the inhabited islands (Abaiang, Abemama, Aranuka, Arorae, Banaba, Beru, Butaritari, Kanton, Kiritimati, Kuria, Maiana, Makin, Marakei, Nikunau, Nonouti, Onotoa, Tabiteuea, Tabuaeran, Tamana, Tarawa, Teraina)" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "12 July 1979 (from the UK)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 12 July (1979)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "12 July 1979" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "English common law supplemented by customary law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Anote TONG (since 10 July 2003); Vice President Teima ONORIO; note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", + "head_of_government": "President Anote TONG (since 10 July 2003); Vice President Teima ONORIO", + "cabinet": "12-member cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the House of Parliament", + "elections": "the House of Parliament nominates the presidential candidates from among its members following parliamentary elections and then those candidates compete in a general election; president elected by popular vote for a four-year term (eligible for two more terms); election last held on 13 January 2012 (next to be held in 2015); vice president appointed by the president", + "election_results": "Anote TONG 42.2%, Tetaua TAITAI 35%, Rimeta BENIAMINA 22.8%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral House of Parliament or Maneaba Ni Maungatabu (46 seats; 44 members elected by popular vote, 1 ex officio member - the attorney general, 1 nominated by the Rabi Council of Leaders (representing Banaba Island); members serve four-year terms)", + "elections": "legislative elections were held in two rounds - the first round on 21 October 2011 and the second round on 28 October 2011 (next to be held in 2015)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA, other 2 (includes attorney general)" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "High Court (consists of a chief justice and other judges as prescribed by the president) note - the High Court has jurisdiction on constitutional issues", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "chief justice appointed by the president on the advice of the cabinet in consultation with the Public Service Commission (PSC); other judges appointed by the president on the advice of the chief justice along with the PSC", + "subordinate_courts": "Court of Appeal; magistrates' courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Boutokaan Te Koaua Party or BTK [Anote TONG]; Kamaeuraoan Te I-Kiribati Party or KTK [Tetaua TAITAI]; Maurin Kiribati Pati or MKP [Rimeta BENIAMINA]; ", + "note": "there is no tradition of formally organized political parties in Kiribati; they more closely resemble factions or interest groups because they have no party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "text": "Kiribati does not have an embassy in the US; there is an honorary consulate in Honolulu" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Kiribati; the US ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Kiribati" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "the upper half is red with a yellow frigatebird flying over a yellow rising sun, and the lower half is blue with three horizontal wavy white stripes to represent the Pacific ocean; the white stripes represent the three island groups - the Gilbert, Line, and Phoenix Islands; the 17 rays of the sun represent the 16 Gilbert Islands and Banaba (formerly Ocean Island); the frigatebird symbolizes authority and freedom" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "frigatebird" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Teirake kaini Kiribati\" (Stand Up, Kiribati)", + "lyrics_music": "Urium Tamuera IOTEBA", + "note": "adopted 1979" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "A remote country of 33 scattered coral atolls, Kiribati has few natural resources and is one of the least developed Pacific Islands. Commercially viable phosphate deposits were exhausted at the time of independence from the UK in 1979. Copra and fish now represent the bulk of production and exports. The economy has fluctuated widely in recent years. Economic development is constrained by a shortage of skilled workers, weak infrastructure, and remoteness from international markets. Tourism provides more than one-fifth of GDP. Private sector initiatives and a financial sector are in the early stages of development. Foreign financial aid from the EU, UK, US, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, UN agencies, and Taiwan accounts for 20-25% of GDP. Remittances from seamen on merchant ships abroad account for more than $5 million each year. Kiribati receives around $15 million annually for the government budget from an Australian trust fund." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$636.3 million (2012 est.); $620.8 million (2011 est.); $608.6 million (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$173 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.5% (2012 est.); 2% (2011 est.); 1.4% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$6,100 (2012 est.); $6,000 (2011 est.); $6,000 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "24.3%", + "industry": "7.9%", + "services": "67.8% (2010 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "copra, taro, breadfruit, sweet potatoes, vegetables; fish" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "fishing, handicrafts" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "7,870", + "note": "economically active, not including subsistence farmers (2001)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "2.7%", + "industry": "32%", + "services": "65.3% (2000)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "2% (1992 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "NA%", + "highest_10%": "NA%" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$55.52 million", + "expenditures": "$107.1 million (2010 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "32.1% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-29.8% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "0.2% (2007 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$35.01 million (2010 est.); -$21 million (2007 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$7.066 million (2010 est.); $17 million (2004 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "copra 62%, coconuts, seaweed, fish" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$80.09 million (2010 est.); $62 million (2004 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, miscellaneous manufactured goods, fuel" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "; $8.37 million (2010 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$10 million (1999 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar -; 0.9658 (2011); 0.9695 (2010); 1.0902 (2010); 1.2822 (2009); 1.2059 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "21 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "19.53 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "6,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "300 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "260.8 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "43,690 Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "8,500 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "13,800 (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "generally good quality national and international service", + "domestic": "wire line service available on Tarawa and Kiritimati (Christmas Island); connections to outer islands by HF/VHF radiotelephone; wireless service available in Tarawa since 1999", + "international": "country code - 686; Kiribati is being linked to the Pacific Ocean Cooperative Telecommunications Network, which should improve telephone service; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2010)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "1 TV broadcast station that provides about 1 hour of local programming Monday-Friday; multi-channel TV packages provide access to Australian and US stations; 1 government-operated radio station broadcasts on AM, FM, and shortwave (2009)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".ki" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "327 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "7,800 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "19 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "4", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "4 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "15", + "914_to_1_523_m": "10", + "under_914_m": "5 (2013)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "670 km (2000)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "5 km (small network of canals in Line Islands) (2012)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "77", + "by_type": "bulk carrier 7, cargo 35, chemical tanker 6, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 12, refrigerated cargo 15", + "foreign_owned": "43 (China 26, Hong Kong 2, Russia 1, Singapore 9, South Korea 1, Taiwan 2, Vietnam 2) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Betio (Tarawa Atoll), Canton Island, English Harbor" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "no regular military forces (establishment prevented by the constitution); Police Force (2011)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "25,190 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "18,364", + "females_age_16_49": "20,302 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "1,132", + "female": "1,120 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "military_note": { + "text": "Kiribati does not have military forces; defense assistance is provided by Australia and NZ" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "none" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pacific/nr-nauru.json b/pacific/nr-nauru.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..37431d37 --- /dev/null +++ b/pacific/nr-nauru.json @@ -0,0 +1,471 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "The exact origins of the Nauruans are unclear since their language does not resemble any other in the Pacific region. Germany annexed the island in 1888. A German-British consortium began mining the island's phosphate deposits early in the 20th century. Australian forces occupied Nauru in World War I; it subsequently became a League of Nations mandate. After the Second World War - and a brutal occupation by Japan - Nauru became a UN trust territory. It achieved independence in 1968 and joined the UN in 1999 as the world's smallest independent republic." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, south of the Marshall Islands" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "0 32 S, 166 55 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Oceania" + }, + "area": { + "total": "21 sq km", + "land": "21 sq km", + "water": "0 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "text": "0 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "30 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical with a monsoonal pattern; rainy season (November to February)" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs with phosphate plateau in center" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "unnamed elevation along plateau rim 61 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "phosphates, fish" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "0%", + "permanent_crops": "20%", + "other": "80% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "periodic droughts" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "limited natural freshwater resources, roof storage tanks collect rainwater but mostly dependent on a single, aging desalination plant; intensive phosphate mining during the past 90 years - mainly by a UK, Australia, and NZ consortium - has left the central 90% of Nauru a wasteland and threatens limited remaining land resources" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "Nauru is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Makatea in French Polynesia; only 53 km south of Equator" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Nauruan(s)", + "adjective": "Nauruan" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Nauruan 58%, other Pacific Islander 26%, Chinese 8%, European 8%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Nauruan (official, a distinct Pacific Island language), English (widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Protestant 45.8% (Nauru Congregational 35.4%, Nauru Independent Church 10.4%), Roman Catholic 33.2%, other 14.1%, none 4.5%, unspecified 2.4% (2002 census)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "9,434 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "32.5% (male 1,363/female 1,701)", + "15_24_years": "17.6% (male 857/female 801)", + "25_54_years": "42.3% (male 1,975/female 2,014)", + "55_64_years": "5.9% (male 225/female 327)", + "65_years_and_over": "1.8% (male 68/female 103) (2013 est.)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "25 years", + "male": "25.2 years", + "female": "24.7 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.58% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "26.39 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "5.94 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-14.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "100% of total population (2010)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "0.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "0.83 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "0.81 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.07 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.68 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.78 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.91 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "8.36 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "10.74 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "6.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "66.05 years", + "male": "61.96 years", + "female": "69.47 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "2.98 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "35.6% (2007)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "11.2% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.71 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 88% of population; total: 88% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 12% of population; total: 12% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 65% of population; total: 65% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 35% of population; total: 35% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "71.1% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "4.8% (2007)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "literacy": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "9 years", + "male": "9 years", + "female": "10 years (2008)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Nauru", + "conventional_short_form": "Nauru", + "local_long_form": "Republic of Nauru", + "local_short_form": "Nauru", + "former": "Pleasant Island" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "text": "no official capital; government offices in Yaren District", + "time_difference": "UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "14 districts; Aiwo, Anabar, Anetan, Anibare, Baiti, Boe, Buada, Denigomodu, Ewa, Ijuw, Meneng, Nibok, Uaboe, Yaren" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered UN trusteeship)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 31 January (1968)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "29 January 1968; amended 17 May 1968" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of common law based on the English model and customary law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "20 years of age; universal and compulsory" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Baron WAQA (since 11 June 2013); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government", + "head_of_government": "President Baron WAQA (since 11 June 2013)", + "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of parliament", + "elections": "president elected by parliament for a three-year term; election last held on 11 June 2013 (next to be held in 2016)", + "election_results": "Baron WAQA elected in a parliamentary vote of 13 to 5" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral parliament (19 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 8 June 2013 (next to be held in 2016)", + "election_results": "percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 19" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of a chief justice and 1 judge)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges appointed by the president to serve until age 65", + "subordinate_courts": "District Court, Family Court" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Democratic Party [Kennan ADEANG]; Nauru First (Naoero Amo) Party; Nauru Party (informal); ", + "note": "loose multiparty system" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Woman Information and News Agency (women's issues)" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, FAO, G-77, ICAO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Marlene I. MOSES", + "chancery": "800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400 D, New York, NY 10017", + "telephone": "[1] (212) 937-0074", + "fax": "[1] (212) 937-0079", + "consulates": "Agana (Guam)" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Nauru; the US Ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Nauru" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "blue with a narrow, horizontal, yellow stripe across the center and a large white 12-pointed star below the stripe on the hoist side; blue stands for the Pacific Ocean, the star indicates the country's location in relation to the Equator (the yellow stripe) and the 12 points symbolize the 12 original tribes of Nauru" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Nauru Bwiema\" (Song of Nauru)", + "lyrics_music": "Margaret HENDRIE/Laurence Henry HICKS", + "note": "adopted 1968" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Revenues of this tiny island traditionally have come from exports of phosphates. Few other resources exist, with most necessities being imported, mainly from Australia, its former occupier and later major source of support. In 2005 an Australian company entered into an agreement to exploit remaining supplies. Primary reserves of phosphates were exhausted and mining ceased in 2006, but mining of a deeper layer of \"secondary phosphate\" in the interior of the island began the following year. The secondary phosphate deposits may last another 30 years. The rehabilitation of mined land and the replacement of income from phosphates are serious long-term problems. In anticipation of the exhaustion of Nauru's phosphate deposits, substantial amounts of phosphate income were invested in trust funds to help cushion the transition and provide for Nauru's economic future. As a result of heavy spending from the trust funds, the government faced virtual bankruptcy. To cut costs the government has frozen wages and reduced overstaffed public service departments. Nauru lost further revenue in 2008 with the closure of Australia''s refugee processing center, making it almost totally dependent on food imports and foreign aid. Housing, hospitals, and other capital plant are deteriorating. The cost to Australia of keeping the government and economy afloat continues to climb. Few comprehensive statistics on the Nauru economy exist with estimates of Nauru''s GDP varying widely." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$60 million (2005 est.)" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$5,000 (2005 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "6.1%", + "industry": "33%", + "services": "60.8% (2009 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "coconuts" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "phosphate mining, offshore banking, coconut products" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "note": "employed in mining phosphates, public administration, education, and transportation" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "90% (2004 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "NA%", + "highest_10%": "NA%" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$13.5 million", + "expenditures": "$13.5 million (2005)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "1 July - 30 June" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "NA% (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$64,000 (2005 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "phosphates" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$20 million (2004 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "food, fuel, manufactures, building materials, machinery" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$33.3 million (2004 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar -; 0.9658 (2012); 0.9695 (2011 est.); 1.0902 (2010); 1.2822 (2009); 1.2059 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "33 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "30.69 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "11,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "1,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "1,044 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "219,700 Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "1,900 (2009)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "6,700 (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "adequate local and international radiotelephone communication provided via Australian facilities", + "international": "country code - 674; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "1 government-owned TV station broadcasting programs from New Zealand sent via satellite or on videotape; 1 government-owned radio station, broadcasting on AM and FM, utilizes Australian and British programs (2009)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".nr" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "8,162 (2012)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "1", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "24 km", + "paved": "24 km (2002)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Nauru" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "no regular military forces (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "2,542 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "1,823", + "females_age_16_49": "2,034 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "74", + "female": "78 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "military_note": { + "text": "Nauru maintains no defense forces; under an informal agreement, defense is the responsibility of Australia" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "none" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pacific/nz-new-zealand.json b/pacific/nz-new-zealand.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0c42b6f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/pacific/nz-new-zealand.json @@ -0,0 +1,615 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "The Polynesian Maori reached New Zealand in about A.D. 800. In 1840, their chieftains entered into a compact with Britain, the Treaty of Waitangi, in which they ceded sovereignty to Queen Victoria while retaining territorial rights. That same year, the British began the first organized colonial settlement. A series of land wars between 1843 and 1872 ended with the defeat of the native peoples. The British colony of New Zealand became an independent dominion in 1907 and supported the UK militarily in both world wars. New Zealand's full participation in a number of defense alliances lapsed by the 1980s. In recent years, the government has sought to address longstanding Maori grievances." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "41 00 S, 174 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Oceania" + }, + "area": { + "total": "267,710 sq km", + "land": "267,710 sq km", + "water": "NA", + "note": "includes Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Campbell Island, Chatham Islands, and Kermadec Islands" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "about the size of Colorado" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "text": "0 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "15,134 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", + "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "temperate with sharp regional contrasts" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "predominately mountainous with some large coastal plains" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Aoraki-Mount Cook 3,754 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "1.76%", + "permanent_crops": "0.27%", + "other": "97.98% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "6,193 sq km (2007)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "327 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "4.75 cu km/yr (23%/5%/72%)", + "per_capita": "1,200 cu m/yr (2010)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "earthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activity", + "volcanism": "significant volcanism on North Island; Ruapehu (elev. 2,797 m), which last erupted in 2007, has a history of large eruptions in the past century; Taranaki has the potential to produce dangerous avalanches and lahars; other historically active volcanoes include Okataina, Raoul Island, Tongariro, and White Island" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "deforestation; soil erosion; native flora and fauna hard-hit by invasive species" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "Antarctic Seals, Marine Life Conservation" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "almost 90% of the population lives in cities; Wellington is the southernmost national capital in the world" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "New Zealander(s)", + "adjective": "New Zealand" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "European 56.8%, Asian 8%, Maori 7.4%, Pacific islander 4.6%, mixed 9.7%, other 13.5% (2006 Census)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "English (official) 91.2%, Maori (official) 3.9%, Samoan 2.1%, French 1.3%, Hindi 1.1%, Yue 1.1%, Northern Chinese 1%, other 12.9%, New Zealand Sign Language (official)", + "note": "shares sum to 114.6% due to multiple responses on census (2006 Census)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Protestant 38.6% (Anglican 13.8%, Presbyterian, Congregational, and Reformed 10%, Christian (no denomination specified) 4.6%, Methodist 3%, Pentecostal 2%, Baptist 1.4%, other Christian 3.8%), Roman Catholic 12.6%, Maori Christian 1.6%, Hindu 1.6%, Buddhist 1.3%, other religions 2.2%, none 32.2%, other or unidentified 9.9% (2006 Census)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "4,365,113 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "20.1% (male 449,850/female 427,934)", + "15_24_years": "14.1% (male 314,262/female 299,693)", + "25_54_years": "40.6% (male 887,060/female 885,421)", + "55_64_years": "11.3% (male 240,854/female 250,635)", + "65_years_and_over": "14% (male 280,569/female 328,835) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "51.9 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "30.7 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "21.2 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "4.7 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "37.4 years", + "male": "36.6 years", + "female": "38.2 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.85% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "13.48 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "7.25 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "2.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "86% of total population (2010)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "0.9% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "Auckland 1.36 million; WELLINGTON (capital) 391,000 (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.96 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.85 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "27.7 (2008 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "15 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "4.65 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "5.22 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "4.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "80.82 years", + "male": "78.79 years", + "female": "82.94 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "2.06 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "75%", + "note": "percent of women aged 20-49 (1995)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "10.1% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "2.38 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "6.18 beds/1,000 population (2002)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "0.1% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "2,500 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "28.3% (2008)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "7.2% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "99%", + "male": "99%", + "female": "99% (2003 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "20 years", + "male": "19 years", + "female": "20 years (2010)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "17.3%", + "male": "18.2%", + "female": "16.1% (2011)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "none", + "conventional_short_form": "New Zealand", + "abbreviation": "NZ" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Wellington", + "geographic_coordinates": "41 18 S, 174 47 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", + "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in September; ends first Sunday in April", + "note": "New Zealand is divided into two time zones - New Zealand standard time (12 hours in advance of UTC), and Chatham Islands time (45 minutes in advance of New Zealand standard time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "16 regions and 1 territory*; Auckland, Bay of Plenty, Canterbury, Chatham Islands*, Gisborne, Hawke's Bay, Manawatu-Wanganui, Marlborough, Nelson, Northland, Otago, Southland, Taranaki, Tasman, Waikato, Wellington, West Coast" + }, + "dependent_areas": { + "text": "Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "26 September 1907 (from the UK)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840); ANZAC Day (commemorated as the anniversary of the landing of troops of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps during World War I at Gallipoli, Turkey), 25 April (1915)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "consists of a series of legal documents, including certain acts of the UK and New Zealand parliaments, as well as The Constitution Act 1986, which is the principal formal charter; adopted 1 January 1987, effective 1 January 1987" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "common law system, based on English model, with special legislation and land courts for the Maori" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Lt Gen Sir Jerry MATEPARAE (since 31 August 2011)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister John KEY (since 19 November 2008); Deputy Prime Minister Simon William ENGLISH (since 19 November 2008)", + "cabinet": "Executive Council appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister", + "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral House of Representatives - commonly called Parliament (usually 120 seats; 70 members elected by popular vote in single-member constituencies including 7 Maori constituencies, 50 proportional seats chosen from party lists; serve three-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 26 November 2011 (next to be held not later than November 2014)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - National Party 48%, Labor Party 27.1%, Green Party 10.6%, NZ First 6.8%, Maori 1.4%, ACT Party 1.1%, Mana 1%, United Future 0.6%, other 3.43%; seats by party - National Party 60, Labor Party 34, Green Party 13, NZ First 8, Maori 3, ACT Party 1, Mana 1, United Future 1", + "note": "results of 2011 election saw the total number of seats decline to 121" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of 5 justices including the chief justice ) note - the Supreme Court in 2004 replaced the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, in London, as the final appeals court", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "justices appointed by the governor-general on the recommendation of the attorney-general; justices appointed for life", + "subordinate_courts": "Court of Appeal; High Court; tribunals and authorities; district courts; specialized courts for issues related to employment, environment, Maori lands, and military" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "ACT New Zealand [Rodney HIDE]; Green Party [Russel NORMAN and Metiria TUREI]; Mana Party [Hone HARAWIRA]; Maori Party [Tariana TURIA and Dr. Pita SHARPLES]; New Zealand National Party [John KEY]; New Zealand First Party or NZ First [Winston PETERS]; New Zealand Labor Party [Phil GOFF]; Jim Anderton's Progressive Party [James (Jim) ANDERTON]; United Future New Zealand [Peter DUNNE]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Women's Electoral Lobby or WEL; ", + "other": "apartheid groups; civil rights groups; farmers groups; Maori; nuclear weapons groups; women's rights groups" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ADB, ANZUS (US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986), APEC, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CD, CP, EAS, EBRD, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NSG, OECD, OPCW, Paris Club (associate), PCA, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNMIT, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Michael K. MOORE", + "chancery": "37 Observatory Circle NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 328-4800", + "fax": "[1] (202) 667-5227", + "consulates_general": "New York, Pago Pago (American Samoa), Santa Monica (CA)" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador David HUEBNER", + "embassy": "29 Fitzherbert Terrace, Thorndon, Wellington", + "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 1190, Wellington; PSC 467, Box 1, APO AP 96531-1034", + "telephone": "[64] (4) 462-6000", + "fax": "[64] (4) 499-0490", + "consulates_general": "Auckland" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant with four red five-pointed stars edged in white centered in the outer half of the flag; the stars represent the Southern Cross constellation" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "Southern Cross constellation (four, five-pointed stars); kiwi (bird)" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"God Defend New Zealand\"", + "lyrics_music": "Thomas BRACKEN [English], Thomas Henry SMITH [Maori]/John Joseph WOODS", + "note": "adopted 1940 as national song, adopted 1977 as co-national anthem; New Zealand has two national anthems with equal status; as a commonwealth realm, in addition to \"God Defend New Zealand,\" \"God Save the Queen\" serves as a national anthem (see United Kingdom); \"God Save the Queen\" normally is played only when a member of the royal family or the governor-general is present; in all other cases, \"God Defend New Zealand\" is played" + }, + "government_note": { + "text": "" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Over the past 20 years the government has transformed New Zealand from an agrarian economy dependent on concessionary British market access to a more industrialized, free market economy that can compete globally. This dynamic growth has boosted real incomes - but left behind some at the bottom of the ladder - and broadened and deepened the technological capabilities of the industrial sector. Per capita income rose for ten consecutive years until 2007 in purchasing power parity terms, but fell in 2008-09. Debt-driven consumer spending drove robust growth in the first half of the decade, helping fuel a large balance of payments deficit that posed a challenge for economic managers. Inflationary pressures caused the central bank to raise its key rate steadily from January 2004 until it was among the highest in the OECD in 2007-08; international capital inflows attracted to the high rates further strengthened the currency and housing market, however, aggravating the current account deficit. The economy fell into recession before the start of the global financial crisis and contracted for five consecutive quarters in 2008-09. In line with global peers, the central bank cut interest rates aggressively and the government developed fiscal stimulus measures. The economy posted a 2% decline in 2009, but pulled out of recession late in the year, and achieved roughly 2% per year growth in 2010-12. Nevertheless, key trade sectors remain vulnerable to weak external demand. The government plans to raise productivity growth and develop infrastructure, while reining in government spending." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$134.2 billion (2012 est.); $130.8 billion (2011 est.); $129 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$169.7 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.5% (2012 est.); 1.4% (2011 est.); 1.8% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$30,200 (2012 est.); $29,700 (2011 est.); $29,500 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "15.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 14.5% of GDP (2011 est.); 16% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "60.3%", + "government_consumption": "20.2%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "18.9%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0.7%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "28.9%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-28.9% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "4.8%", + "industry": "24.7%", + "services": "70.4% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "dairy products, lamb and mutton; wheat, barley, potatoes, pulses, fruits, vegetables; wool, beef; fish" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "food processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery, transportation equipment, banking and insurance, tourism, mining" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "4% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "2.394 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "7%", + "industry": "19%", + "services": "74% (2006 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "6.9% (2012 est.); 6.5% (2011 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "NA%", + "highest_10%": "NA%" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "36.2 (1997)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$66.07 billion", + "expenditures": "$73.31 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "38.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-4.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "38% of GDP (2012 est.); 35.4% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "1 April - 31 March", + "note": "this is the fiscal year for tax purposes" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "1.1% (2012 est.); 4% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "2.5% (31 December 2009); 5% (31 December 2008)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "5.82% (31 December 2012 est.); 6.11% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$29.88 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $26.26 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$154.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $145.3 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$266.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $239.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$71.66 billion (31 December 2011); $36.3 billion (31 December 2010); $67.06 billion (31 December 2009)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$6.803 billion (2012 est.); -$6.709 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$37.9 billion (2012 est.); $38.38 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "dairy products, meat, wood and wood products, fish, machinery" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "Australia 21%, China 15%, US 9.2%, Japan 7% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$37.15 billion (2012 est.); $35.61 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "machinery and equipment, vehicles, aircraft, petroleum, electronics, textiles, plastics" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "China 16.4%, Australia 15.2%, US 9.3%, Japan 6.5%, Singapore 4.8%, Germany 4.4% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$17.58 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $17.01 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$90.16 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $91.28 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$76.25 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $73.64 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$59.08 billion (31 December 2009)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "New Zealand dollars (NZD) per US dollar -; 1.2334 (2012 est.); 1.263 (2011 est.); 1.3874 (2010 est.); 1.6002 (2009); 1.4151 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "43.4 billion kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "38.96 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "9.482 million kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "30% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "56.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "13.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "49,730 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "45,180 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "90,840 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "96.1 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "106,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "148,900 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "2,883 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "46,780 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "4.367 billion cu m (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "4.278 billion cu m (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "27.64 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "39.58 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "1.88 million (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "4.82 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "excellent domestic and international systems", + "domestic": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular telephone subscribership exceeds 150 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 64; the Southern Cross submarine cable system provides links to Australia, Fiji, and the US; satellite earth stations - 8 (1 Inmarsat - Pacific Ocean, 7 other) (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "state-owned Television New Zealand operates multiple TV networks and state-owned Radio New Zealand operates 3 radio networks and an external shortwave radio service to the South Pacific region; a small number of national commercial TV and radio stations and many regional commercial television and radio stations are available; cable and satellite TV systems are available (2008)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".nz" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "3.026 million (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "3.4 million (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "123 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "39", + "over_3_047_m": "2", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "12", + "914_to_1_523_m": "23", + "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "84", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", + "914_to_1_523_m": "33", + "under_914_m": "48 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "condensate 331 km; gas 1,936 km; liquid petroleum gas 172 km; oil 288 km; refined products 198 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "4,128 km", + "narrow_gauge": "4,128 km 1.067-m gauge (506 km electrified) (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "93,911 km", + "paved": "61,879 km (includes 172 km of expressways)", + "unpaved": "32,032 km (2009)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "15", + "by_type": "bulk carrier 3, cargo 3, chemical tanker 1, container 1, passenger/cargo 5, petroleum tanker 2", + "foreign_owned": "7 (Germany 2, Hong Kong 1, South Africa 1, Switzerland 2, UK 1)", + "registered_in_other_countries": "5 (Antigua and Barbuda 2, Cook Islands 2, Samoa 1) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Auckland, Lyttelton, Manukau Harbor, Marsden Point, Tauranga, Wellington" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "New Zealand Defense Force (NZDF): New Zealand Army, Royal New Zealand Navy, Royal New Zealand Air Force (Te Hokowhitu o Kahurangi, RNZAF) (2013)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "17 years of age for voluntary military service; soldiers cannot be deployed until the age of 18; no conscription; 3 years of secondary education required; must be a citizen of NZ, the UK, Australia, Canada, or the US, and resident of NZ for the previous 5 years (2013)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "1,019,798", + "females_age_16_49": "1,003,429 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "843,526", + "females_age_16_49": "828,779 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "30,846", + "female": "28,825 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "1.5% of GDP (2012)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "asserts a territorial claim in Antarctica (Ross Dependency)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "significant consumer of amphetamines" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file