diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 77ea3665..72230b0e 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ Europe/Austria - `at.json`: ## Build Your Own Up-to-Date Country Profiles -See the [`factbook`](https://github.com/worlddb/factbook.ruby) +See the [`factbook`](https://github.com/worlddb/factbook) command line tool and scripts for details. diff --git a/africa/ao-angola.json b/africa/ao-angola.json deleted file mode 100644 index b6e0572d..00000000 --- a/africa/ao-angola.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,621 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Angola is still rebuilding its country since the end of a 27-year civil war in 2002. Fighting between the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, followed independence from Portugal in 1975. Peace seemed imminent in 1992 when Angola held national elections, but fighting picked up again in 1993. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost - and 4 million people displaced - during the more than a quarter century of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and cemented the MPLA's hold on power. President DOS SANTOS pushed through a new constitution in 2010; elections held in 2012 saw him installed as president." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "12 30 S, 18 30 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "1,246,700 sq km", - "land": "1,246,700 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly less than twice the size of Texas" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "5,198 km", - "border_countries": "Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province), Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zambia 1,110 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "1,600 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Morro de Moco 2,620 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "3.29%", - "permanent_crops": "0.23%", - "other": "96.48% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "855.3 sq km (2005)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "148 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.71 cu km/yr (45%/34%/21%)", - "per_capita": "40.27 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to population pressures; desertification; deforestation of tropical rain forest, in response to both international demand for tropical timber and to domestic use as fuel, resulting in loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "the province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Angolan(s)", - "adjective": "Angolan" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "indigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15% (1998 est.)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "18,565,269 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "43.5% (male 4,121,500/female 3,961,484)", - "15_24_years": "20.3% (male 1,922,114/female 1,855,689)", - "25_54_years": "29.2% (male 2,734,128/female 2,692,449)", - "55_64_years": "4% (male 358,337/female 378,231)", - "65_years_and_over": "2.9% (male 250,388/female 290,949) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "99.6 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "94.8 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "4.8 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "20.9 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "17.7 years", - "male": "17.5 years", - "female": "17.9 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.78% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "39.16 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "11.86 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "59.2% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "3.97% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "LUANDA (capital) 5.068 million; Huambo 979,000 (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.95 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.86 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.02 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "450 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "81.75 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "85.56 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "77.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "54.95 years", - "male": "53.83 years", - "female": "56.11 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "5.49 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "17.7% (2009)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "2.9% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.08 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.8 beds/1,000 population (2005)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 60% of population; rural: 38% of population; total: 51% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 40% of population; rural: 62% of population; total: 49% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 85% of population; rural: 19% of population; total: 58% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 15% of population; rural: 81% of population; total: 42% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "2% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "200,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "11,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever, malaria", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "6.4% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "15.6% (2007)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "3.5% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "70.4%", - "male": "82.6%", - "female": "58.6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "10 years (2010)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "832,895", - "percentage": "24 % (2001 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Angola", - "conventional_short_form": "Angola", - "local_long_form": "Republica de Angola", - "local_short_form": "Angola", - "former": "People's Republic of Angola" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic; multiparty presidential regime" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Luanda", - "geographic_coordinates": "8 50 S, 13 13 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "18 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Kwando Kubango, Kwanza Norte, Kwanza Sul, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "11 November 1975 (from Portugal)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 11 November (1975)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "adopted by National Assembly 5 February 2010" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil legal system based on Portuguese civil law; no judicial review of legislation" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); Vice President Manuel Domingos VICENTE (since 26 September 2012); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); Vice President Manuel Domingos VICENTE (since 26 September 2012)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president", - "elections": "president indirectly elected by National Assembly for a five-year term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term) under the 2010 constitution; note - according to the 2010 constitution, ballots are cast for parties rather than candidates, the leader of the party with the most votes becomes president; following the results of the 2012 legislative elections DOS SANTOS became president (eligible for a second term)", - "election_results": "NA; as leader of the MPLA, Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS became pesident following legislative elections on 31 August 2012; DOS SANTOS was inaugurated on 26 September 2012 to serve the first of a possible two terms under the 2010 constitution" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members elected by proportional vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 31 August 2012 (next to be held in 2017)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - MPLA 71.8%, UNITA 18.7%, CASA-CE 6.0%, PRS 1.7%, FNLA 1.1%, other 0.7%; seats by party - MPLA 175, UNITA 32, CASA-CE 8, PRS 3, FNLA 2" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Tribunal da Relacao (consists of the chief justice and NA judges; Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 11 members)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the president upon recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council, an 18-member body presided over by the president; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges - 4 nominated by the president, 4 elected by National Assembly, 2 elected by Supreme National Council, 1 elected by competitive submission of curricula; judges serve single 7-year terms", - "subordinate_courts": "provincial and municipal courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Broad Convergence for the Salvation of Angola Electoral Coalition or CASA-CE [Abel CHIVUKUVUKU]; National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA [Lucas NGONDA]; National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [Isaias SAMAKUVA] (largest opposition party); Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS] (ruling party in power since 1975); Social Renewal Party or PRS [Eduardo KUANGANA]", - "note": "4 other parties qualified to participate in the national election in August 2012" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda or FLEC [N'zita Henriques TIAGO]", - "note": "FLEC's small-scale armed struggle for the independence of Cabinda Province persists despite the signing of a peace accord with the government in August 2006; Several factions of FLEC have broken off over the past 30 years, including the FLEC-PM [Rodrigues Mingas], which was responsible for a deadly attack on the Togolese soccer team in 2010" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CPLP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OPEC, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Alberto do Carmo BENTO RIBEIRO", - "chancery": "2108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 785-1156", - "fax": "[1] (202) 785-1258", - "consulates_general": "Houston, New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Christopher J. MCMULLEN", - "embassy": "number 32 Rua Houari Boumedienne (in the Miramar area of Luanda), Luanda", - "mailing_address": "international mail: Caixa Postal 6468, Luanda; pouch: US Embassy Luanda, US Department of State, 2550 Luanda Place, Washington, DC 20521-2550", - "telephone": "[244] (222) 64-1000", - "fax": "[244] (222) 64-1232" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle); red represents liberty, black the African continent, the symbols characterize workers and peasants" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Palanca Negra Gigante (giant black sable antelope)" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Angola Avante\" (Forward Angola)", - "lyrics_music": "Manuel Rui Alves MONTEIRO/Rui Alberto Vieira Dias MINGAO", - "note": "adopted 1975" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Angola's high growth rate in recent years was driven by high international prices for its oil. Angola became a member of OPEC in late 2006 and its current assigned a production quota of 1.65 million barrels a day (bbl/day). Oil production and its supporting activities contribute about 85% of GDP. Diamond exports contribute an additional 5%. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for most of the people, but half of the country's food is still imported. Increased oil production supported growth averaging more than 17% per year from 2004 to 2008. A postwar reconstruction boom and resettlement of displaced persons has led to high rates of growth in construction and agriculture as well. Much of the country's infrastructure is still damaged or undeveloped from the 27-year-long civil war. Land mines left from the war still mar the countryside, even though peace was established after the death of rebel leader Jonas SAVIMBI in February 2002. Since 2005, the government has used billions of dollars in credit lines from China, Brazil, Portugal, Germany, Spain, and the EU to rebuild Angola's public infrastructure. The global recession that started in 2008 temporarily stalled economic growth. Lower prices for oil and diamonds during the global recession slowed GDP growth to 2.4% in 2009, and many construction projects stopped because Luanda accrued $9 billion in arrears to foreign construction companies when government revenue fell in 2008 and 2009. Angola abandoned its currency peg in 2009, and in November 2009 signed onto an IMF Stand-By Arrangement loan of $1.4 billion to rebuild international reserves. Consumer inflation declined from 325% in 2000 to about 10% in 2012. Higher oil prices have helped Angola turn a budget deficit of 8.6% of GDP in 2009 into an surplus of 12% of GDP in 2012. Corruption, especially in the extractive sectors, also is a major challenge." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$130.4 billion (2012 est.); $120.3 billion (2011 est.); $115.7 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$118.7 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "8.4% (2012 est.); 3.9% (2011 est.); 3.4% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$6,500 (2012 est.); $6,100 (2011 est.); $6,100 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "20.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 24% of GDP (2011 est.); 21.8% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "48%", - "government_consumption": "19.8%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "11.4%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "64.2%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-43.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "10.2%", - "industry": "61.4%", - "services": "28.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, cassava (manioc), tobacco, vegetables, plantains; livestock; forest products; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar; textiles; ship repair" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "8.468 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "85%", - "industry_and_services": "15% (2003 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "40.5% (2006 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "0.6%", - "highest_10%": "44.7% (2000)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$51.24 billion", - "expenditures": "$44.23 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "43.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "5.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "16.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 18.4% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "10.3% (2012 est.); 13.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "25% (31 December 2010 est.); 30% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "16.81% (31 December 2012 est.); 18.76% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$13.31 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $12.19 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$44.65 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $36.55 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$20.45 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $18.35 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$17.09 billion (2012 est.); $15.92 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$69.26 billion (2012 est.); $67.31 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "crude oil, diamonds, refined petroleum products, coffee, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "China 45.8%, US 13.7%, India 11%, South Africa 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$22.86 billion (2012 est.); $20.23 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food, textiles, military goods" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 20.8%, Portugal 19.5%, US 7.7%, South Africa 7.1%, Brazil 5.9% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$33.41 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $26.48 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$21.78 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $21.12 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$17.15 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $12.15 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$9.621 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $7.361 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "kwanza (AOA) per US dollar -; 95.468 (2012 est.); 93.935 (2011 est.); 91.906 (2010 est.); 79.33 (2009); 75.023 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "4.08 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "3.659 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "1.155 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "56.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "43.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "1.84 million bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "1.757 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "15 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "37,310 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "79,430 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "31,050 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "41,480 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "734 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "733 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "310 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "24.2 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "303,200 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "9.491 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "limited system; state-owned telecom had monopoly for fixed-lines until 2005; demand outstripped capacity, prices were high, and services poor; Telecom Namibia, through an Angolan company, became the first private licensed operator in Angola's fixed-line telephone network; by 2010, the number of fixed-line providers had expanded to 5; Angola Telecom established mobile-cellular service in Luanda in 1993 and the network has been extended to larger towns; a privately owned, mobile-cellular service provider began operations in 2001", - "domestic": "only about two fixed-lines per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity about 50 telephones per 100 persons in 2011", - "international": "country code - 244; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 29 (2009)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state controls all broadcast media with nationwide reach; state-owned Televisao Popular de Angola (TPA) provides terrestrial TV service on 2 channels; a third TPA channel is available via cable and satellite; TV subscription services are available; state-owned Radio Nacional de Angola (RNA) broadcasts on 5 stations; about a half dozen private radio stations broadcast locally (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ao" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "20,703 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "606,700 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "176 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "31", - "over_3_047_m": "7", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "8", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "12", - "914_to_1_523_m": "4 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "145", - "over_3_047_m": "2", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "3", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "31", - "914_to_1_523_m": "66", - "under_914_m": "43 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 352 km; liquid petroleum gas 85 km; oil 1,065 km; oil/gas/water 5 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "2,764 km", - "narrow_gauge": "2,641 km 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "51,429 km", - "paved": "5,349 km", - "unpaved": "46,080 km (2001)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "1,300 km (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "7", - "by_type": "cargo 1, chemical tanker 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1", - "foreign_owned": "1 (Spain 1)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "17 (Bahamas 6, Curacao 2, Cyprus 1, Liberia 1, Malta 7) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Namibe" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Angolan Armed Forces (Forcas Armadas Angolanas, FAA): Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra Angola, MGA), Angolan National Air Force (Forca Aerea Nacional Angolana, FANA; under operational control of the Army) (2012)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "20-45 years of age for compulsory male and 18-45 years for voluntary male military service (registration at age 18 is mandatory); 20-45 years of age for voluntary female service; conscript service obligation - 2 years; Angolan citizenship required; the Navy (MGA) is entirely staffed with volunteers (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "3,062,438", - "females_age_16_49": "2,964,262 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,546,781", - "females_age_16_49": "1,492,308 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "155,476", - "female": "152,054 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "3% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Democratic Republic of Congo accuses Angola of shifting monuments" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "20,740 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (2012)", - "idps": "19,500 (27-year civil war ending in 2002) (2005)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Angola is a source and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor in agriculture, construction, domestic service, and diamond mines; some Angolan girls are forced into domestic prostitution, while some Angolan boys are taken to Namibia as forced laborers or are forced to be cross-border couriers; women and children are also forced into domestic service in South Africa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Namibia, and European countries; Vietnamese, Brazilian, and Chinese women are trafficked to Angola for prostitution, while Chinese, Southeast Asian, Namibian, and possibly Congolese migrants are subjected to forced labor in Angola's construction industry", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Angola does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; authorities opened one internal labor trafficking investigation but have not initiated the prosecution of any trafficking offenders, has never convicted a trafficking offender, and does not have a law specifically prohibiting all forms of trafficking; the government has not adopted amendments to the penal code reflecting the 2010 constitutional provision prohibiting human trafficking and has not finalized draft anti-trafficking legislation; the government has made minimal efforts to protect trafficking victims but continues to lack a systematic process for identifying trafficking victims and providing legal remedies to victims (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for Western Europe and other African states, particularly South Africa" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/bf-burkina-faso.json b/africa/bf-burkina-faso.json deleted file mode 100644 index 3143e965..00000000 --- a/africa/bf-burkina-faso.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,599 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta) achieved independence from France in 1960. Repeated military coups during the 1970s and 1980s were followed by multiparty elections in the early 1990s. Current President Blaise COMPAORE came to power in a 1987 military coup and has won every election since then. Burkina Faso's high population density and limited natural resources result in poor economic prospects for the majority of its citizens." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Western Africa, north of Ghana" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "13 00 N, 2 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "274,200 sq km", - "land": "273,800 sq km", - "water": "400 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than Colorado" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "3,193 km", - "border_countries": "Benin 306 km, Cote d'Ivoire 584 km, Ghana 549 km, Mali 1,000 km, Niger 628 km, Togo 126 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; warm, dry winters; hot, wet summers" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly flat to dissected, undulating plains; hills in west and southeast" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Mouhoun (Black Volta) River 200 m", - "highest_point": "Tena Kourou 749 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "manganese, limestone, marble; small deposits of gold, phosphates, pumice, salt" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "20.79%", - "permanent_crops": "0.24%", - "other": "78.98% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "250 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "12.5 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.72 cu km/yr (46%/3%/51%)", - "per_capita": "54.99 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "recurring droughts" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "recent droughts and desertification severely affecting agricultural activities, population distribution, and the economy; overgrazing; soil degradation; deforestation" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked savanna cut by the three principal rivers of the Black, Red, and White Voltas" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Burkinabe (singular and plural)", - "adjective": "Burkinabe" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Mossi over 40%, other approximately 60% (includes Gurunsi, Senufo, Lobi, Bobo, Mande, and Fulani)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "French (official), native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim 60.5%, Catholic 19%, animist 15.3%, Protestant 4.2%, other 0.6%, none 0.4%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "17,812,961 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "45.5% (male 4,062,522/female 4,044,548)", - "15_24_years": "20% (male 1,794,740/female 1,775,072)", - "25_54_years": "28.9% (male 2,608,676/female 2,532,406)", - "55_64_years": "3.1% (male 229,202/female 324,921)", - "65_years_and_over": "2.5% (male 168,099/female 272,775) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "92.3 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "87.6 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "4.7 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "21.3 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "17 years", - "male": "16.8 years", - "female": "17.1 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.06% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "42.81 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "12.21 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "26.5% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "6.02% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "OUAGADOUGOU (capital) 2.053 million (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.69 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.62 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "19.4", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "300 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "78.3 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "85.67 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "70.72 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "54.43 years", - "male": "52.43 years", - "female": "56.48 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "6 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "16.2% (2010/11)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "6.7% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.06 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.4 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 95% of population; rural: 73% of population; total: 79% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 5% of population; rural: 27% of population; total: 21% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 50% of population; rural: 6% of population; total: 17% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 50% of population; rural: 94% of population; total: 83% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "1.2% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "110,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "7,100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_disease": "dengue fever, malaria, and yellow fever", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", - "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies", - "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "2.3% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "26% (2009)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "4% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "28.7%", - "male": "36.7%", - "female": "21.6% (2007 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "7 years", - "male": "7 years", - "female": "6 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "1,521,006", - "percentage": "38 % (2006 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "3.8%", - "male": "4.6%", - "female": "2.9% (2006)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "none", - "conventional_short_form": "Burkina Faso", - "local_long_form": "none", - "local_short_form": "Burkina Faso", - "former": "Upper Volta, Republic of Upper Volta" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Ouagadougou", - "geographic_coordinates": "12 22 N, 1 31 W", - "time_difference": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "13 regions; Boucle du Mouhoun, Cascades, Centre, Centre-Est, Centre-Nord, Centre-Ouest, Centre-Sud, Est, Hauts-Bassins, Nord, Plateau-Central, Sahel, Sud-Ouest" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "5 August 1960 (from France)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Republic Day, 11 December (1958); note - commemorates the day that Upper Volta became an autonomous republic in the French Community" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "approved by referendum 2 June 1991; formally adopted 11 June 1991; last amended January 2002" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law based on the French model and customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Blaise COMPAORE (since 15 October 1987)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Luc-Adolphe TIAO (since 18 April 2011)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 21 November 2010 (next to be held in 2015); prime minister appointed by the president with the consent of the legislature", - "election_results": "Blaise COMPAORE reelected president; percent of popular vote - Blaise COMPAORE 80.2%, Hama Arba DIALLO 8.2%, Benewende Stanislas SANKARA 6.3%, other 5.3%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (127 seats; members are elected by proportional representation in one national constituency of 16 seats, and 45 multi-member constituencies having between 2 and 9 seats with members serving five-year terms)", - "elections": "National Assembly election last held on 2 December 2012 (next to be held in 2017)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CDP 70, ADF-RDA 19, Union for Progress and Reform 19, UPR 4, UNIR-MS 4, CFD-B 3, PDS/Metba 2, other 6" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Appeals or Cour de Cassation (consists of NA judges); Constitutional Council or Conseil Constitutionnel (consists of the council president and 3 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judge appointments mostly controlled by the president of Burkina Faso; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Council judges appointed by the president of Burkina Faso upon the proposal of the minister of justice; judges appointed for 9-year terms with one-third of judges renewed every 3 years", - "subordinate_courts": "Appeals Court; High Court; first instance tribunals; district courts; specialized courts relating to issues of labor, children, and juveniles; village (customary) courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "African Democratic Rally-Alliance for Democracy and Federation or ADF-RDA [Gilbert OUEDRAOGO]; Citizen's Popular Rally or RPC [Antoine QUARE]; Coalition of Democratic Forces of Burkina or CFD-B [Zio Eric FRANCOIS]; Congress for Democracy and Progress or CDP [Assimi KOUANDA]; Democratic and Popular Rally or RDP [Nana THIBAUT]; Movement for Tolerance and Progress or MTP [Nayabtigungou Congo KABORE]; Party for African Independence or PAI [Soumane TOURE]; Party for Democracy and Progress-Socialist Party or PDP-PS [Francois O. KABORE]; Party for Democracy and Socialism/Metba or PDS/Metba [Hama Arba DIALLO]; Party for National Rebirth or PAREN [Barry TAHIROU]; Rally for the Development of Burkina or RDB [Celestin Saidou COMPAORE]; Rally of Ecologists of Burkina Faso or RDEB [Ram OUEDRAGO]; Republican Party for Integration and Solidarity or PARIS; Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Fidele HIEN]; Union for Progress and Reform or UPC [Zephiron DIABRE]; Union for Rebirth - Sankarist Movement or UNIR-MS [Benewende Stanislas SANKARA]; Union for the Republic or UPR [Toussaint Abel COULIBALY]; Union of Sankarist Parties or UPS [Ernest Nongma OUEDRAOGO]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Burkinabe General Confederation of Labor or CGTB [Tole SAGNON]; Burkinabe Movement for Human Rights or MBDHP [Chrysigone ZOUGMORE]; Group of 14 February [Benewende STANISLAS]; National Confederation of Burkinabe Workers or CNTB [Laurent OUEDRAOGO]; National Organization of Free Unions or ONSL [Paul KABORE]", - "other": "watchdog/political action groups throughout the country in both organizations and communities" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, ECOWAS, EITI (candidate country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Seydou BOUDA", - "chancery": "2340 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 332-5577", - "fax": "[1] (202) 667-1882" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Thomas DOUGHERTY", - "embassy": "602 Avenue Raoul Follereau, Koulouba, Secteur 4", - "mailing_address": "01 B. P. 35, Ouagadougou 01; pouch mail - US Department of State, 2440 Ouagadougou Place, Washington, DC 20521-2440", - "telephone": "[226] 50-49-53-00", - "fax": "[226] 50-49-56-28" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a yellow five-pointed star in the center; red recalls the country's struggle for independence, green is for hope and abundance, and yellow represents the country's mineral wealth", - "note": "uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "white stallion" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Le Ditanye\" (Anthem of Victory)", - "lyrics_music": "Thomas SANKARA", - "note": "adopted 1974; also known as \"Une Seule Nuit\" (One Single Night), Burkina Faso's anthem was written by the country's president, an avid guitar player" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Burkina Faso is a poor, landlocked country that relies heavily on cotton and gold exports for revenue. The country has few natural resources and a weak industrial base. About 90% of the population is engaged in subsistence agriculture, which is vulnerable to periodic drought. Cotton is the main cash crop. Since 1998, Burkina Faso has embarked upon a gradual privatization of state-owned enterprises and in 2004 revised its investment code to attract foreign investment. As a result of this new code and other legislation favoring the mining sector, the country has seen an upswing in gold exploration and production. By 2010, gold had become the main source of export revenue. Gold mining production doubled between 2009 and 2010. Two new mining projects were launched in the third quarter of 2011. Local community conflict persists in the mining and cotton sectors, but the Prime Minister has made efforts to defuse some of the economic cause of public discontent, including announcing income tax reductions, reparations for looting victims, and subsidies for basic food items and fertilizer. An IMF mission to Burkina Faso in October 2011 expressed general satisfaction with the measures. The risk of a mass exodus of the 3 to 4 million Burinabe who live and work in Cote d'Ivoire has dissipated, and trade, power, and transport links are being restored. Burkina Faso experienced a severe drought in 2011, which decimated grazing land and decreased harvests, creating food insecurity and damaging the country's agricultural base." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$24.69 billion (2012 est.); $22.86 billion (2011 est.); $21.95 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$10.46 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "8% (2012 est.); 4.2% (2011 est.); 7.9% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$1,400 (2012 est.); $1,300 (2011 est.); $1,300 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "8.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 16.7% of GDP (2011 est.); 17.4% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "62.8%", - "government_consumption": "13.9%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "20.9%", - "investment_in_inventories": "-0.1%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "29.7%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-27.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "33%", - "industry": "22.2%", - "services": "44.9% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "cotton, peanuts, shea nuts, sesame, sorghum, millet, corn, rice; livestock" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "cotton lint, beverages, agricultural processing, soap, cigarettes, textiles, gold" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "6.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "6.668 million", - "note": "a large part of the male labor force migrates annually to neighboring countries for seasonal employment (2007)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "90%", - "industry_and_services": "10% (2000 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "77% (2004)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "46.7% (2009 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.9%", - "highest_10%": "32.2% (2009 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "39.5 (2007); 48.2 (1994)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$2.26 billion", - "expenditures": "$2.311 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "21.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-0.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "3.8% (2012 est.); 2.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "4.25% (31 December 2010 est.); 4.25% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$1.845 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.56 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$3.91 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.805 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$2.123 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.705 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$481.1 million (2012 est.); -$125.8 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$2.177 billion (2012 est.); $2.207 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "gold, cotton, livestock" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "China 26%, Turkey 24.9%, Belgium 5.2% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$2.694 billion (2012 est.); $2.242 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "capital goods, foodstuffs, petroleum" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Cote dIvoire 17.8%, France 14.8%, Ghana 5.1%, Togo 4.8% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$1.025 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $957 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$2.586 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.42 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -; 510.53 (2012 est.); 471.87 (2011 est.); 495.28 (2010 est.); 472.19 (2009); 447.81 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "664.4 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "762.5 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "144.6 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "252,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "87.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "12.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "9,960 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "12,540 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "1.441 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "141,500 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "7.682 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "system includes microwave radio relay, open-wire, and radiotelephone communication stations; in 2006 the government sold a 51 percent stake in the national telephone company and ultimately plans to retain only a 23 percent stake in the company", - "domestic": "fixed-line connections stand at less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage, fostered by multiple providers, is increasing rapidly from a low base", - "international": "country code - 226; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "2 TV stations - 1 state-owned and 1 privately owned; state-owned radio runs a national and regional network; substantial number of privately owned radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters available in Ouagadougou (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".bf" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "1,795 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "178,100 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "23 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "2", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "21", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", - "914_to_1_523_m": "13", - "under_914_m": "5 (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "622 km", - "narrow_gauge": "622 km 1.000-m gauge", - "note": "another 660 km of this railway extends into Cote d'Ivoire (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "15,272 km", - "note": "does not include urban roads (2010)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Army, Air Force of Burkina Faso (Force Aerienne de Burkina Faso, FABF), National Gendarmerie (2011)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; women may serve in supporting roles (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "3,735,735 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,366,168", - "females_age_16_49": "2,367,673 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "193,905", - "female": "191,662 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.1% of GDP (2011)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "adding to illicit cross-border activities, Burkina Faso has issues concerning unresolved boundary alignments with its neighbors; demarcation is currently underway with Mali, the dispute with Niger was referred to the ICJ in 2010, and a dispute over several villages with Benin persists; Benin retains a border dispute with Burkina Faso around the town of Koualou" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "49,975 (Mali) (2013)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/bi-burundi.json b/africa/bi-burundi.json deleted file mode 100644 index 2fd318d8..00000000 --- a/africa/bi-burundi.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,605 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Burundi's first democratically elected president was assassinated in October 1993 after only 100 days in office, triggering widespread ethnic violence between Hutu and Tutsi factions. More than 200,000 Burundians perished during the conflict that spanned almost a dozen years. Hundreds of thousands of Burundians were internally displaced or became refugees in neighboring countries. An internationally brokered power-sharing agreement between the Tutsi-dominated government and the Hutu rebels in 2003 paved the way for a transition process that led to an integrated defense force, established a new constitution in 2005, and elected a majority Hutu government in 2005. The government of President Pierre NKURUNZIZA, who was reelected in 2010, continues to face many political and economic challenges." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "3 30 S, 30 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "27,830 sq km", - "land": "25,680 sq km", - "water": "2,150 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Maryland" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "974 km", - "border_countries": "Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km, Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; two wet seasons (February to May and September to November), and two dry seasons (June to August and December to January)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Lake Tanganyika 772 m", - "highest_point": "Heha 2,670 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum, vanadium, arable land, hydropower, niobium, tantalum, gold, tin, tungsten, kaolin, limestone" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "33.06%", - "permanent_crops": "14.37%", - "other": "52.57% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "214.3 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "12.54 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.29 cu km/yr (15%/5%/79%)", - "per_capita": "43.27 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "flooding; landslides; drought" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation (little forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel); habitat loss threatens wildlife populations" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Law of the Sea" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed; the Kagera, which drains into Lake Victoria, is the most remote headstream of the White Nile" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Burundian(s)", - "adjective": "Burundian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%, Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Christian 82.8% (Roman Catholic 61.4%, Protestant 21.4%), Muslim 2.5%, Adventist 2.3%, other 6.5%, unknown 5.9% (2008 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "10,888,321 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "45.6% (male 2,497,999/female 2,469,564)", - "15_24_years": "19.7% (male 1,071,135/female 1,074,763)", - "25_54_years": "28.4% (male 1,533,191/female 1,559,661)", - "55_64_years": "3.8% (male 186,706/female 225,467)", - "65_years_and_over": "2.5% (male 108,243/female 161,592) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "88.6 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "84 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "4.5 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "22 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "16.9 years", - "male": "16.6 years", - "female": "17.2 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.08% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "40.04 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "9.12 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "10.9% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "4.45% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "BUJUMBURA (capital) 605,000 (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.82 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.67 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "21.3", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "800 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "58.86 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "63.32 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "54.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "59.69 years", - "male": "57.92 years", - "female": "61.5 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "5.99 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "21.9% (2010/11)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "11.6% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.03 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.9 beds/1,000 population (2011)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 83% of population; rural: 71% of population; total: 72% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 17% of population; rural: 29% of population; total: 28% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 49% of population; rural: 46% of population; total: 46% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 51% of population; rural: 54% of population; total: 54% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "3.3% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "180,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "15,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "2.9% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "35.2% (2005)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "6.1% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "67.2%", - "male": "72.9%", - "female": "61.8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "11 years", - "male": "12 years", - "female": "11 years (2010)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "433,187", - "percentage": "19 % (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Burundi", - "conventional_short_form": "Burundi", - "local_long_form": "Republique du Burundi/Republika y'u Burundi", - "local_short_form": "Burundi", - "former": "Urundi" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Bujumbura", - "geographic_coordinates": "3 22 S, 29 21 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "17 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura Mairie, Bujumbura Rural, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Mwaro, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 1 July (1962)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "ratified by popular referendum 28 February 2005" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of Belgian civil law and customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Pierre NKURUNZIZA - Hutu (since 26 August 2005); First Vice President Therence SINUNGURUZA - Tutsi (since 29 August 2010); Second Vice President Gervais RUFYIKIRI - Hutu (since 29 August 2010); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Pierre NKURUNZIZA - Hutu (since 26 August 2005); First Vice President Therence SINUNGURUZA - Tutsi (since 29 August 2010); Second Vice President Gervais RUFYIKIRI - Hutu (since 29 August 2010)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by president", - "elections": "the president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 28 June 2010 (next to be held in 2015); vice presidents nominated by the president, endorsed by parliament", - "election_results": "Pierre NKURUNZIZA elected president by popular vote; Pierre NKURUNZIZA 91.6%, other 8.4%; note - opposition parties withdrew from the election due to alleged government interference in the electoral process" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement, consists of a Senate (54 seats; 34 members elected by indirect vote to serve five-year terms, with remaining seats assigned to ethnic groups and former chiefs of state) and a National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (minimum 100 seats, 60% Hutu and 40% Tutsi with at least 30% being women; additional seats appointed by a National Independent Electoral Commission to ensure ethnic representation; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 23 July 2010 (next to be held in 2015)", - "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - TBD; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CNDD-FDD 81.2%, UPRONA 11.6%, FRODEBU 5.9%, others 1.3%; seats by party - CNDD-FDD 81, UPRONA 17, FRODEBU 5, other 3" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of 9 judges and organized into Judicial, administrative, and cassation chambers)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges nominated by the Judicial Service Commission, a 15-member independent body of judicial and legal profession officials); judges appointed by the president with the approval of the Senate; judge tenure NA", - "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal; County Courts; Courts of Residence" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "governing_parties": "Burundi Democratic Front or FRODEBU [Leonce NGENDAKUMANA]; National Council for the Defense of Democracy - Front for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD-FDD [Jeremie NGENDAKUMANA]; Union for National Progress (Union pour le Progress Nationale) or UPRONA [Bonaventure NIYOYANKANA]", - "note": "a multiparty system was introduced after 1998, included are: National Council for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD [Leonard NYANGOMA]; National Resistance Movement for the Rehabilitation of the Citizen or MRC-Rurenzangemero [Epitace BANYAGANAKANDI]; Party for National Redress or PARENA [Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Forum for the Strengthening of Civil Society or FORSC [Pacifique NININAHAZWE] (civil society umbrella organization); Observatoire de lutte contre la corruption et les malversations economiques or OLUCOME [Gabriel RUFYIRI] (anti-corruption pressure group)", - "other": "Hutu and Tutsi militias (loosely organized)" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CEPGL, COMESA, EAC, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Angele NIYUHIRE", - "chancery": "Suite 408, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 342-2574", - "fax": "[1] (202) 342-2578" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador [vacant]; Charge d'Affaires Samuel R. WATSON", - "embassy": "Avenue des Etats-Unis, Bujumbura", - "mailing_address": "B. P. 1720, Bujumbura", - "telephone": "[257] 22-207-000", - "fax": "[257] 22-222-926" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and fly side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below); green symbolizes hope and optimism, white purity and peace, and red the blood shed in the struggle for independence; the three stars in the disk represent the three major ethnic groups: Hutu, Twa, Tutsi, as well as the three elements in the national motto: unity, work, progress" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "lion" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Burundi Bwacu\" (Our Beloved Burundi)", - "lyrics_music": "Jean-Baptiste NTAHOKAJA/Marc BARENGAYABO", - "note": "adopted 1962" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. The economy is predominantly agricultural; agriculture accounts for just over 30% of GDP and employs more than 90% of the population. Burundi's primary exports are coffee and tea, which account for 90% of foreign exchange earnings, though exports are a relatively small share of GDP. Burundi's export earnings - and its ability to pay for imports - rests primarily on weather conditions and international coffee and tea prices. An ethnic-based war that lasted for over a decade resulted in more than 200,000 deaths, forced more than 48,000 refugees into Tanzania, and displaced 140,000 others internally. Only one in two children go to school, and approximately one in 15 adults has HIV/AIDS. Food, medicine, and electricity remain in short supply. Less than 2% of the population has electricity in its homes. Burundi's GDP grew around 4% annually in 2006-12. Political stability and the end of the civil war have improved aid flows and economic activity has increased, but underlying weaknesses - a high poverty rate, poor education rates, a weak legal system, a poor transportation network, overburdened utilities, and low administrative capacity - risk undermining planned economic reforms. The purchasing power of most Burundians has decreased as wage increases have not kept up with inflation. Burundi will remain heavily dependent on aid from bilateral and multilateral donors - foreign aid represents 42% of Burundi''s national income, the second highest rate in Sub-Saharan Africa. Burundi joined the East African Community in 2009, which should boost Burundi's regional trade ties, and also in 2009 received $700 million in debt relief. Government corruption is hindering the development of a healthy private sector as companies seek to navigate an environment with ever changing rules." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$5.578 billion (2012 est.); $5.363 billion (2011 est.); $5.148 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$2.475 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "4% (2012 est.); 4.2% (2011 est.); 3.8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$600 (2012 est.); $600 (2011 est.); $600 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "1.7% of GDP (2012 est.); 1.7% of GDP (2011 est.); 0.3% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "91.8%", - "government_consumption": "12.1%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "21.8%", - "investment_in_inventories": "-4.5%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "8%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-29.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "35.2%", - "industry": "18.6%", - "services": "46.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "coffee, cotton, tea, corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, cassava (manioc); beef, milk, hides" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap, and beer; assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "4.245 million (2007)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "93.6%", - "industry": "2.3%", - "services": "4.1% (2002 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "68% (2002 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "4.1%", - "highest_10%": "28% (2006)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "42.4 (1998)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$767.6 million", - "expenditures": "$865.8 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "31% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "50.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 55.7% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "18% (2012 est.); 9.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "11.25% (31 December 2010 est.); 10% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "14.32% (31 December 2012 est.); 13.23% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$332.2 million (31 December 2012 est.); $335.7 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$519 million (31 December 2012 est.); $465.4 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$572.2 million (31 December 2012 est.); $576.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$337.4 million (2012 est.); -$253.4 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$127.1 million (2012 est.); $124 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "coffee, tea, sugar, cotton, hides" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 14.8%, Pakistan 9.1%, China 8.7%, Austria 7.5%, Sweden 7.2%, Belgium 5.1%, France 4.7%, Rwanda 4.4%, US 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$810 million (2012 est.); $771.7 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "capital goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Saudi Arabia 16.3%, China 7.9%, Uganda 7.7%, Belgium 7%, Kenya 6.7%, Zambia 6.6%, India 5.5%, Singapore 5.1% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$308.8 million (31 December 2012 est.); $295.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$639.7 million (31 December 2012 est.); $627.7 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Burundi francs (BIF) per US dollar -; 1,442.51 (2012 est.); 1,261.07 (2011 est.); 1,230.8 (2010 est.); 1,230.18 (2009); 1,198 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "127 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "198.1 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "80 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "52,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "1.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "98.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "2,290 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "1,334 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "527,800 Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "30,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "1.915 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "sparse system of open-wire, radiotelephone communications, and low-capacity microwave radio relays", - "domestic": "telephone density one of the lowest in the world; fixed-line connections stand at well less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage is increasing but remains at roughly 20 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 257; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-controlled La Radiodiffusion et Television Nationale de Burundi (RTNB) operates the lone TV station and the only national radio network; about 10 privately owned radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available in Bujumbura (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".bi" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "229 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "157,800 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "7 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "1", - "over_3_047_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "6", - "914_to_1_523_m": "4", - "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2012)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "12,322 km", - "paved": "1,286 km", - "unpaved": "11,036 km (2004)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "(mainly on Lake Tanganyika between Bujumbura, Burundi's principal port, and lake ports in Tanzania, Zambia, and the Democratic Republic of Congo) (2011)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "lake_ports": "Bujumbura (Lake Tanganyika)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "National Defense Forces (Forces de Defense Nationale, FDN): Army (includes maritime wing, Air Wing), National Gendarmerie (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; the armed forces law of 31 December 2004 did not specify a minimum age for enlistment, but the government claimed that no one younger than 18 was being recruited; mandatory retirement age 45 (enlisted), 50 (NCOs), and 55 (officers) (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,182,327", - "females_age_16_49": "2,202,125 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,398,769", - "females_age_16_49": "1,481,417 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "117,956", - "female": "116,956 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "5.9% of GDP (2006 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Burundi and Rwanda dispute two sq km (0.8 sq mi) of Sabanerwa, a farmed area in the Rukurazi Valley where the Akanyaru/Kanyaru River shifted its course southward after heavy rains in 1965; cross-border conflicts persist among Tutsi, Hutu, other ethnic groups, associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces in the Great Lakes region" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "41,349 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2012)", - "idps": "78,800 (the majority are ethnic Tutsi displaced by inter-communal violence that broke out after the 1993 coup and fighting between government forces and rebel groups; no new displacements since 2008 when the last rebel group laid down its arms) (2012)", - "stateless_persons": "1,302 (2012)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Burundi is a source country for children and possibly women subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; business people recruit Burundian girls for prostitution domestically, as well as in Rwanda, Kenya, Uganda, and the Middle East, and recruit boys and girls for forced labor in Burundi and Tanzania; children and young adults are coerced into forced labor in farming, mining, construction, or informal commerce; some family members, friends, and neighbors are complicit in exploiting children, luring them in with offers of educational or job opportunities", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Burundi does not comply fully with the minimum standards for the elimination of human trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government fails to prosecute trafficking offenses vigorously or increase its capacity to protect victims; most victim assistance continues to be provided by NGOs without government support; the government also fails to complete its draft anti-trafficking legislation, which is intended to rectify gaps in existing laws; a nationwide awareness-raising campaign continues (2013)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/bj-benin.json b/africa/bj-benin.json deleted file mode 100644 index 7dd156bc..00000000 --- a/africa/bj-benin.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,601 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Present day Benin was the site of Dahomey, a West African kingdom that rose to prominence in about 1600 and over the next two and half centuries became a regional power, largely based on its slave trade. Coastal areas of Dahomey began to be controlled by the French in the second half of the 19th century; the entire kingdom was conquered by 1894. French Dahomey achieved independence in 1960; it changed its name to the Republic of Benin in 1975. A succession of military governments ended in 1972 with the rise to power of Mathieu KEREKOU and the establishment of a government based on Marxist-Leninist principles. A move to representative government began in 1989. Two years later, free elections ushered in former Prime Minister Nicephore SOGLO as president, marking the first successful transfer of power in Africa from a dictatorship to a democracy. KEREKOU was returned to power by elections held in 1996 and 2001, though some irregularities were alleged. KEREKOU stepped down at the end of his second term in 2006 and was succeeded by Thomas YAYI Boni, a political outsider and independent. YAYI, who won a second five-year term in March 2011, has attempted to stem corruption and has strongly promoted accelerating Benin's economic growth." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Nigeria and Togo" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "9 30 N, 2 15 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "112,622 sq km", - "land": "110,622 sq km", - "water": "2,000 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Pennsylvania" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,989 km", - "border_countries": "Burkina Faso 306 km, Niger 266 km, Nigeria 773 km, Togo 644 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "121 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly flat to undulating plain; some hills and low mountains" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Mont Sokbaro 658 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "small offshore oil deposits, limestone, marble, timber" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "22.48%", - "permanent_crops": "2.61%", - "other": "74.9% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "230.4 sq km (2008)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "26.39 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.13 cu km/yr (32%/23%/45%)", - "per_capita": "18.74 cu m/yr (2001)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "hot, dry, dusty harmattan wind may affect north from December to March" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching threatens wildlife populations; deforestation; desertification" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "sandbanks create difficult access to a coast with no natural harbors, river mouths, or islands" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Beninese (singular and plural)", - "adjective": "Beninese" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Fon and related 39.2%, Adja and related 15.2%, Yoruba and related 12.3%, Bariba and related 9.2%, Peulh and related 7%, Ottamari and related 6.1%, Yoa-Lokpa and related 4%, Dendi and related 2.5%, other 1.6% (includes Europeans), unspecified 2.9% (2002 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "French (official), Fon and Yoruba (most common vernaculars in south), tribal languages (at least six major ones in north)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Catholic 27.1%, Muslim 24.4%, Vodoun 17.3%, Protestant 10.4% (Celestial 5%, Methodist 3.2%, other Protestant 2.2%), other Christian 5.3%, other 15.5% (2002 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "9,877,292 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "44.1% (male 2,223,497/female 2,134,644)", - "15_24_years": "19.9% (male 1,001,845/female 967,664)", - "25_54_years": "29.7% (male 1,476,894/female 1,456,501)", - "55_64_years": "3.5% (male 143,594/female 200,424)", - "65_years_and_over": "2.8% (male 109,009/female 163,220) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "84 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "78.7 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.3 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "18.8 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "17.6 years", - "male": "17.2 years", - "female": "18 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.84% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "37.02 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "8.59 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "44.9% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "4.12% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "COTONOU (seat of government) 924,000; PORTO-NOVO (capital) 314,000 (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.71 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.67 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.01 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "20 (2006 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "350 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "58.54 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "61.76 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "55.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "60.67 years", - "male": "59.37 years", - "female": "62.04 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "5.13 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "12.9% (2012)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "4.1% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.06 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.5 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 84% of population; rural: 68% of population; total: 75% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 16% of population; rural: 32% of population; total: 25% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 25% of population; rural: 5% of population; total: 13% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 75% of population; rural: 95% of population; total: 87% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "1.2% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "60,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "2,700 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever, malaria, and yellow fever", - "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "6% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "20.2% (2006)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.4% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "42.4%", - "male": "55.2%", - "female": "30.3% (2010 census)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "9 years", - "male": "11 years", - "female": "8 years (2005)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "1,020,981", - "percentage": "46 % (2006 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "0.8%", - "male": "1.1%", - "female": "0.6% (2002)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Benin", - "conventional_short_form": "Benin", - "local_long_form": "Republique du Benin", - "local_short_form": "Benin", - "former": "Dahomey" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Porto-Novo (official capital)", - "geographic_coordinates": "6 29 N, 2 37 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "note": "Cotonou (seat of government)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "12 departments; Alibori, Atakora, Atlantique, Borgou, Collines, Kouffo, Donga, Littoral, Mono, Oueme, Plateau, Zou" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "1 August 1960 (from France)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "National Day, 1 August (1960)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "adopted by referendum 2 December 1990" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system modeled largely on the French system and some customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Thomas BONI YAYI (since 6 April 2006); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Thomas BONI YAYI (since 6 April 2006); Prime Minister Pascal KOUPAKI (since 28 May 2011)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); last held on 13 March 2011 (next to be held in March 2016)", - "election_results": "Thomas YAYI Boni re-elected president; percent of vote - Thomas YAYI Boni 53.1%, Adrien HOUNGBEDJI 35.6%, Abdoulaye Bio TCHANE 6.1%, other 5.2%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (83 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 30 April 2011 (next to be held in 2015)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FCBE 41, UN 30, other 12" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of the court president and 3 chamber presidents organized into an administrative division, judicial chamber, and chamber of accounts) Constitutional Court or Cour Constitutionnelle (consists of 7 members including the court president); High Court of Justice (consists of the Constitutional Court members, 6 members appointed by the National Assembly, and the Supreme Court president) note - jurisdiction of the High Court of Justice is to limited cases of high treason by the national president or members of the government", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court president and judges appointed by the national president upon the advice of the National Assembly; judges appointed for single renewable 5-year terms; Constitutional Court members - 4 appointed by the National Assembly and 3 by the national president; members appointed for single renewable 5-year terms; High Court of Justice \"other\" members elected by the National Assembly; member tenure NA", - "subordinate_courts": "Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; district courts; village courts; Assize courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "African Movement for Democracy and Progress or MADEP [Sefou FAGBOHOUN]; Alliance for Dynamic Democracy or ADD; Alliance of Progress Forces or AFP; Benin Renaissance or RB [Rosine SOGLO]; Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Adrien HOUNGBEDJI]; Force Cowrie for an Emerging Benin or FCBE; Impulse for Progress and Democracy or IPD [Theophile NATA]; Key Force or FC [Lazare SÈHOUÉTO]; Movement for the People's Alternative or MAP [Olivier CAPO-CHICHI]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or PRD [Dominique HOUNGNINOU]; Social Democrat Party or PSD [Bruno AMOUSSOU]; Union for Democracy and National Solidarity or UDS [Sacca LAFIA]; Union for the Relief or UPR [Issa SALIFOU]; Union Makes the Nation or UN", - "note": "approximately 20 additional minor parties" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "other": "economic groups; environmentalists; political groups; teachers' unions and other educational groups" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Cyrille Segbe OGUIN", - "chancery": "2124 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 232-6656", - "fax": "[1] (202) 265-1996" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Susan TULLER", - "embassy": "Rue Caporal Bernard Anani, Cotonou", - "mailing_address": "01 B. P. 2012, Cotonou", - "telephone": "[229] 21-30-06-50", - "fax": "[229] 21-30-66-82" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and red (bottom) with a vertical green band on the hoist side; green symbolizes hope and revival, yellow wealth, and red courage", - "note": "uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "leopard" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"L'Aube Nouvelle\" (The Dawn of a New Day)", - "lyrics_music": "Gilbert Jean DAGNON", - "note": "adopted 1960" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "The economy of Benin remains underdeveloped and dependent on subsistence agriculture, cotton production, and regional trade. Growth in real output had averaged almost 4% before the global recession and it has returned to roughly that level in 2011-12. Inflation has subsided over the past several years. In order to raise growth, Benin plans to attract more foreign investment, place more emphasis on tourism, facilitate the development of new food processing systems and agricultural products, and encourage new information and communication technology. Specific projects to improve the business climate by reforms to the land tenure system, the commercial justice system, and the financial sector were included in Benin's $307 million Millennium Challenge Account grant signed in February 2006. The 2001 privatization policy continues in telecommunications, water, electricity, and agriculture. The Paris Club and bilateral creditors have eased the external debt situation with Benin benefiting from a G-8 debt reduction announced in July 2005, while pressing for more rapid structural reforms. An insufficient electrical supply continues to adversely affect Benin's economic growth though the government recently has taken steps to increase domestic power production. Private foreign direct investment is small, and foreign aid accounts for the majority of investment in infrastructure projects. Cotton, a key export, suffered from flooding in 2010-11, but high prices supported export earnings. The government agreed to a 25% increase in civil servant salaries in 2011, following a series of strikes, increasing pressure on the national budget. Benin has appealed for international assistance to mitigate piracy against commercial shipping in its territory." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$15.84 billion (2012 est.); $15.26 billion (2011 est.); $14.74 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$7.429 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.8% (2012 est.); 3.5% (2011 est.); 2.6% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$1,700 (2012 est.); $1,700 (2011 est.); $1,700 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "13.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 12.9% of GDP (2011 est.); 13.3% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "79.9%", - "government_consumption": "10.5%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "22.6%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.6%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "19.4%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-33% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "35.9%", - "industry": "6.4%", - "services": "57.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "cotton, corn, cassava (manioc), yams, beans, palm oil, peanuts, cashews; livestock" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "textiles, food processing, construction materials, cement" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "3.662 million (2007 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "37.4% (2007 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.1%", - "highest_10%": "29% (2003)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "36.5 (2003)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$1.407 billion", - "expenditures": "$1.671 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "18.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-3.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "28.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 29.5% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "6.8% (2012 est.); 2.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "4.25% (31 December 2010 est.); 4.25% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$1.903 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.715 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$2.95 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.716 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$1.63 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.475 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$625.3 million (2012 est.); -$699.9 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$1.55 billion (2012 est.); $1.593 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "cotton, cashews, shea butter, textiles, palm products, seafood" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "China 25.4%, India 24.6%, Lebanon 15.6%, Niger 4.8%, Nigeria 4.2% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$2.152 billion (2012 est.); $2.188 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "foodstuffs, capital goods, petroleum products" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 37.2%, US 8.9%, India 6.7%, France 5.6%, Malaysia 5.3% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$859.4 million (31 December 2012 est.); $887.4 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$1.403 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.327 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -; 510.53 (2012 est.); 471.87 (2011 est.); 495.28 (2010 est.); 472.19 (2009); 447.81 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "120 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "778 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "866 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "60,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "98.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "1.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "8 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "29,170 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "11,410 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "35,140 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "1.133 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "3.65 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "152,700 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "7.765 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "inadequate system of open-wire, microwave radio relay, and cellular connections; fixed-line network characterized by aging, deteriorating equipment", - "domestic": "fixed-line teledensity only about 2 per 100 persons; spurred by the presence of multiple mobile-cellular providers, cellular telephone subscribership has been increasing rapidly", - "international": "country code - 229; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; long distance fiber-optic links with Togo, Burkina Faso, Niger, and Nigeria; satellite earth stations - 7 (Intelsat-Atlantic Ocean) (2008)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-run Office de Radiodiffusion et de Television du Benin (ORTB) operates a TV station with multiple channels giving it a wide broadcast reach; several privately owned TV stations broadcast from Cotonou; satellite TV subscription service is available; state-owned radio, under ORTB control, includes a national station supplemented by a number of regional stations; substantial number of privately owned radio broadcast stations; transmissions of a few international broadcasters are available on FM in Cotonou (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".bj" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "491 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "200,100 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "6 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "5", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "438 km", - "narrow_gauge": "438 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "16,000 km", - "paved": "1,400 km", - "unpaved": "14,600 km (2006)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "150 km (seasonal navigation on River Niger along northern border) (2011)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Cotonou" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Benin Armed Forces (Forces Armees Beninoises, FAB): Army (l'Arme de Terre), Benin Navy (Forces Navales Beninois, FNB), Benin Air Force (Force Aerienne du Benin, FAB) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-35 years of age for selective compulsory and voluntary military service; a higher education diploma is required; both sexes are eligible for military service; conscript tour of duty - 18 months (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,095,373", - "females_age_16_49": "2,038,351 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,385,065", - "females_age_16_49": "1,400,045 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "108,496", - "female": "104,526 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.5% of GDP (2011)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "talks continue between Benin and Togo on funding the Adjrala hydroelectric dam on the Mona River; Benin retains a border dispute with Burkina Faso around the town of Koualou; location of Benin-Niger-Nigeria tripoint is unresolved" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transshipment point used by traffickers for cocaine destined for Western Europe; vulnerable to money laundering due to poorly enforced financial regulations\r\n (2008)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/bw-botswana.json b/africa/bw-botswana.json deleted file mode 100644 index de1a8f9d..00000000 --- a/africa/bw-botswana.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,590 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name upon independence in 1966. More than four decades of uninterrupted civilian leadership, progressive social policies, and significant capital investment have created one of the most stable economies in Africa. Mineral extraction, principally diamond mining, dominates economic activity, though tourism is a growing sector due to the country's conservation practices and extensive nature preserves. Botswana has one of the world's highest known rates of HIV/AIDS infection, but also one of Africa's most progressive and comprehensive programs for dealing with the disease." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southern Africa, north of South Africa" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "22 00 S, 24 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "581,730 sq km", - "land": "566,730 sq km", - "water": "15,000 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Texas" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "4,013 km", - "border_countries": "Namibia 1,360 km, South Africa 1,840 km, Zimbabwe 813 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "semiarid; warm winters and hot summers" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "predominantly flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari Desert in southwest" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "junction of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers 513 m", - "highest_point": "Tsodilo Hills 1,489 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "0.45%", - "permanent_crops": "0%", - "other": "99.55% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "14.39 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "12.24 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.19 cu km/yr (42%/19%/39%)", - "per_capita": "107.3 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure visibility" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "overgrazing; desertification; limited freshwater resources" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; population concentrated in eastern part of the country" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)", - "adjective": "Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Tswana (or Setswana) 79%, Kalanga 11%, Basarwa 3%, other, including Kgalagadi and white 7%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Setswana 78.2%, Kalanga 7.9%, Sekgalagadi 2.8%, English (official) 2.1%, other 8.6%, unspecified 0.4% (2001 census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Christian 71.6%, Badimo 6%, other 1.4%, unspecified 0.4%, none 20.6% (2001 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "2,127,825 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "33.2% (male 360,053/female 346,691)", - "15_24_years": "21.8% (male 229,713/female 233,546)", - "25_54_years": "36.7% (male 411,019/female 370,395)", - "55_64_years": "4.3% (male 40,639/female 51,305)", - "65_years_and_over": "4% (male 33,868/female 50,596) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "59.1 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "53.3 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.8 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "17.3 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "22.7 years", - "male": "22.6 years", - "female": "22.7 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.35% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "21.69 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "12.91 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "4.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population", - "note": "there is an increasing flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa and Botswana in search of better economic opportunities (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "61.7% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.07% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "GABORONE (capital) 202,000 (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.1 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.79 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.67 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.02 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "160 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "9.9 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "10.34 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "9.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "54.47 years", - "male": "55.98 years", - "female": "52.92 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.41 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "52.8%", - "note": "percent of women aged 12-49 (2007/08)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "8.3% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.34 physicians/1,000 population (2006)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.8 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 92% of population; total: 96% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 8% of population; total: 4% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 75% of population; rural: 41% of population; total: 62% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 25% of population; rural: 59% of population; total: 38% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "24.8% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "320,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "5,800 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_disease": "malaria (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "11.2% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "11.2% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "7.8% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "85.1%", - "male": "84.6%", - "female": "85.6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "12 years", - "male": "12 years", - "female": "12 years (2006)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "45,036", - "percentage": "9 %", - "note": "data represents children ages 7-17 (2006 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "13.6%", - "male": "13.2%", - "female": "14% (2000)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Botswana", - "conventional_short_form": "Botswana", - "local_long_form": "Republic of Botswana", - "local_short_form": "Botswana", - "former": "Bechuanaland" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Gaborone", - "geographic_coordinates": "24 38 S, 25 54 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "9 districts and 5 town councils*; Central, Francistown*, Gaborone*, Ghanzi, Jwaneng*, Kgalagadi, Kgatleng, Kweneng, Lobatse*, North East, North West, Selebi-Pikwe*, South East, Southern" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "30 September 1966 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day (Botswana Day), 30 September (1966)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "March 1965; effective 30 September 1966" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil law influenced by the Roman-Dutch model and also customary and common law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Seretse Khama Ian KHAMA (since 1 April 2008); Vice President Ponatshego KEDIKILWE (since 2 August 2012); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Seretse Khama Ian KHAMA (since 1 April 2008); Vice President Ponatshego KEDIKILWE (since 2 August 2012)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president", - "elections": "president indirectly elected for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 20 October 2009 (next to be held in October 2014); vice president appointed by the president", - "election_results": "Seretse Khama Ian KHAMA elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - NA" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Chiefs (a largely advisory 35-member body with 8 ex-officio members consisting of the chiefs of the principal tribes, and 27 non-permanent members serving five-year terms, of which 22 are indirectly elected with the remaining 5 appointed by the President) and the National Assembly (63 seats; 57 members directly elected by popular vote, 4 appointed by the majority party, and 2, the President and Attorney General, serve as ex-officio members; members serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "National Assembly elections last held on 16 October 2009 (next to be held in 2014)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - BDP 53.3%, BNF 21.9%, BCP 19.2%, BAM 2.3%, other 3.3%; seats by party - BDP 45, BNF 6, BCP 4, BAM 1, other 1" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Court of Appeal, High Court (each consists of a chief justice and number of other judges as prescribed by the Parliament)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Court of Appeal and High Court chief justices appointed by the president and other judges appointed by the president upon the advice of the Judicial Service Commission; all judges appointed to serve until age 70", - "subordinate_courts": "Industrial Court (with circuits scheduled monthly in the capital city and in three districts); Magistrates Courts (one in each district); Customary Court of Appeal; Paramount Chief's Court/Urban Customary Court; Senior Chief's Representative Court; Chief's Representative’s Court; Headman's Court" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Botswana Alliance Movement or BAM [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO]; Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Dumelang SALESHANDO]; Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Daniel KWELAGOBE]; Botswana Movement for Democracy or BMD [Gomolemo MOTSWALEDI]; Botswana National Front or BNF [Duma BOKO]; Botswana Peoples Party or BPP [Bernard BALIKANI]; MELS Movement of Botswana or MELS [Themba JOINA]; New Democratic Front or NDF [Dick BAYFORD]", - "note": "a number of minor parties joined forces in 1999 to form the BAM but did not capture any parliamentary seats - includes the United Action Party [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO]; the Independence Freedom Party or IFP [Motsamai MPHO]; the Botswana Progressive Union [D. K. KWELE]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "First People of the Kalahari (Bushman organization); Pitso Ya Ba Tswana; Society for the Promotion of Ikalanga Language (Kalanga elites)", - "other": "diamond mining companies" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Tebelelo Mazile SERETSE", - "chancery": "1531-1533 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 244-4990", - "fax": "[1] (202) 244-4164" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Michelle D. GAVIN", - "embassy": "Embassy Drive, Government Enclave (off Khama Crescent), Gaborone", - "mailing_address": "Embassy Enclave, P. O. Box 90, Gaborone", - "telephone": "[267] 395-3982", - "fax": "[267] 318-0232" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center; the blue symbolizes water in the form of rain, while the black and white bands represent racial harmony" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "zebra" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Fatshe leno la rona\" (Our Land)", - "lyrics_music": "Kgalemang Tumedisco MOTSETE", - "note": "adopted 1966" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Botswana has maintained one of the world's highest economic growth rates since independence in 1966. However, economic growth was negative in 2009, with the industrial sector shrinking by 30%, after the global crisis reduced demand for Botswana's diamonds. Although the economy recovered in 2010, GDP growth has again slowed. Through fiscal discipline and sound management, Botswana transformed itself from one of the poorest countries in the world to a middle-income country with a per capita GDP of $16,800 in 2012. Two major investment services rank Botswana as the best credit risk in Africa. Diamond mining has fueled much of the expansion and currently accounts for more than one-third of GDP, 70-80% of export earnings, and about one-third of the government's revenues. Botswana's heavy reliance on a single luxury export was a critical factor in the sharp economic contraction of 2009. Tourism, financial services, subsistence farming, and cattle raising are other key sectors. According to official government statistics, unemployment reached 17.8% in 2009, but unofficial estimates run much higher. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS is second highest in the world and threatens Botswana's impressive economic gains. An expected leveling off in diamond production within the next two decades overshadows long-term prospects. A major international diamond company signed a 10-year deal with Botswana in 2012 to move its rough stone sorting and trading division from London to Gaborone by the end of 2013. The move may support Botswana's downstream diamond industry." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$32.06 billion (2012 est.); $30.88 billion (2011 est.); $29.39 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$17.62 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.8% (2012 est.); 5.1% (2011 est.); 7% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$17,100 (2012 est.); $16,700 (2011 est.); $16,000 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "34.7% of GDP (2012 est.); 39.9% of GDP (2011 est.); 37.3% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "39.8%", - "government_consumption": "20.5%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "30%", - "investment_in_inventories": "5.4%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "35.7%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-43.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "2.1%", - "industry": "45%", - "services": "52.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "livestock, sorghum, maize, millet, beans, sunflowers, groundnuts" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver; livestock processing; textiles" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "0% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "1.288 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "NA%", - "industry": "NA%", - "services": "NA%" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "17.8% (2009 est.); 7.5% (2007 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "30.3% (2003)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "63 (1993)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$5.508 billion", - "expenditures": "$5.393 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "31.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "0.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "14.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 17% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 April - 31 March" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "7.5% (2012 est.); 8.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "9.5% (31 December 2010 est.); 10% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "11% (31 December 2012 est.); 11% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$1.361 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.153 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$7.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $7.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$1.45 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.114 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$4.44 billion (31 December 2012); $4.107 billion (31 December 2011); $4.076 billion (31 December 2010)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$231.3 million (2012 est.); $271 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$6.259 billion (2012 est.); $6.458 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "diamonds, copper, nickel, soda ash, meat, textiles" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$6.938 billion (2012 est.); $6.275 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "foodstuffs, machinery, electrical goods, transport equipment, textiles, fuel and petroleum products, wood and paper products, metal and metal products" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$7.839 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $8.082 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$2.437 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.396 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "pulas (BWP) per US dollar -; 7.6179 (2012 est.); 6.8382 (2011 est.); 6.7936 (2010 est.); 7.1551 (2009); 6.7907 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "417 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "3.118 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "2.89 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "132,000 kW (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "15,420 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "19,060 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "3.841 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "149,600 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "2.9 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "Botswana is participating in regional development efforts; expanding fully digital system with fiber-optic cables linking the major population centers in the east as well as a system of open-wire lines, microwave radio relays links, and radiotelephone communication stations", - "domestic": "fixed-line teledensity has declined in recent years and now stands at roughly 7 telephones per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity now pushing 140 telephones per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 267; international calls are made via satellite, using international direct dialing; 2 international exchanges; digital microwave radio relay links to Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "2 TV stations - 1 state-owned and 1 privately owned; privately owned satellite TV subscription service is available; 2 state-owned national radio stations; 3 privately owned radio stations broadcast locally (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".bw" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "1,806 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "120,000 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "74 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "10", - "over_3_047_m": "2", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "6", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "64", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "5", - "914_to_1_523_m": "46", - "under_914_m": "13 (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "888 km", - "narrow_gauge": "888 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "17,916 km", - "note": "includes 8,916 km of Public Highway Network roads (6,116 km paved and 2,800 km unpaved) and other 9,000 km of District Council roads (2011)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Botswana Defense Force (BDF): Ground Forces Command, Air Wing Command, Defense Logistics Command, Special Forces Group (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "557,647", - "females_age_16_49": "531,095 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "340,949", - "females_age_16_49": "302,332 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "23,649", - "female": "23,063 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "2.8% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/cd-congo-dr.json b/africa/cd-congo-dr.json deleted file mode 100644 index c98319a2..00000000 --- a/africa/cd-congo-dr.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,618 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Established as a Belgian colony in 1908, the then-Republic of the Congo gained its independence in 1960, but its early years were marred by political and social instability. Col. Joseph MOBUTU seized power and declared himself president in a November 1965 coup. He subsequently changed his name - to MOBUTU Sese Seko - as well as that of the country - to Zaire. MOBUTU retained his position for 32 years through several sham elections, as well as through brutal force. Ethnic strife and civil war, touched off by a massive inflow of refugees in 1994 from fighting in Rwanda and Burundi, led in May 1997 to the toppling of the MOBUTU regime by a rebellion backed by Rwanda and Uganda and fronted by Laurent KABILA. He renamed the country the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), but in August 1998 his regime was itself challenged by a second insurrection again backed by Rwanda and Uganda. Troops from Angola, Chad, Namibia, Sudan, and Zimbabwe intervened to support KABILA's regime. In January 2001, KABILA was assassinated and his son, Joseph KABILA, was named head of state. In October 2002, the new president was successful in negotiating the withdrawal of Rwandan forces occupying the eastern DRC; two months later, the Pretoria Accord was signed by all remaining warring parties to end the fighting and establish a government of national unity. A transitional government was set up in July 2003; it held a successful constitutional referendum in December 2005 and elections for the presidency, National Assembly, and provincial legislatures took place in 2006. In 2009, following a resurgence of conflict in the eastern DRC, the government signed a peace agreement with the National Congress for the Defense of the People (CNDP), a primarily Tutsi rebel group. An attempt to integrate CNDP members into the Congolese military failed, prompting their defection in 2012 and the formation of the M23 armed group - named after the 23 March 2009 peace agreements. Renewed conflict has lead to the displacement of large numbers of persons and significant human rights abuses. As of February 2013, peace talks between the Congolese government and the M23 were on-going. In addition, the DRC continues to experience violence committed by other armed groups including the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda and Mai Mai groups. In the most recent national elections, held in November 2011, disputed results allowed Joseph KABILA to be reelected to the presidency." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Central Africa, northeast of Angola" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "0 00 N, 25 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "2,344,858 sq km", - "land": "2,267,048 sq km", - "water": "77,810 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly less than one-fourth the size of the US" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "10,730 km", - "border_countries": "Angola 2,511 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of Angola's discontiguous Cabinda Province), Burundi 233 km, Central African Republic 1,577 km, Republic of the Congo 2,410 km, Rwanda 217 km, South Sudan 628 km, Tanzania 459 km, Uganda 765 km, Zambia 1,930 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "37 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "boundaries with neighbors" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; hot and humid in equatorial river basin; cooler and drier in southern highlands; cooler and wetter in eastern highlands; north of Equator - wet season (April to October), dry season (December to February); south of Equator - wet season (November to March), dry season (April to October)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "vast central basin is a low-lying plateau; mountains in east" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Pic Marguerite on Mont Ngaliema (Mount Stanley) 5,110 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "cobalt, copper, niobium, tantalum, petroleum, industrial and gem diamonds, gold, silver, zinc, manganese, tin, uranium, coal, hydropower, timber" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "2.9%", - "permanent_crops": "0.32%", - "other": "96.78% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "105 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "1,283 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.68 cu km/yr (68%/21%/11%)", - "per_capita": "11.25 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "periodic droughts in south; Congo River floods (seasonal); active volcanoes in the east along the Great Rift Valley", - "volcanism": "Nyiragongo (elev. 3,470 m), which erupted in 2002 and is experiencing ongoing activity, poses a major threat to the city of Goma, home to a quarter million people; the volcano produces unusually fast-moving lava, known to travel up to 100 km /hr; Nyiragongo has been deemed a \"Decade Volcano\" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; its neighbor, Nyamuragira, which erupted in 2010, is Africa's most active volcano; Visoke is the only other historically active volcano" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "poaching threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; deforestation; refugees responsible for significant deforestation, soil erosion, and wildlife poaching; mining of minerals (coltan - a mineral used in creating capacitors, diamonds, and gold) causing environmental damage" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Environmental Modification" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "straddles equator; has narrow strip of land that controls the lower Congo River and is only outlet to South Atlantic Ocean; dense tropical rain forest in central river basin and eastern highlands; second largest country in Africa (after Algeria)" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Congolese (singular and plural)", - "adjective": "Congolese or Congo" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "over 200 African ethnic groups of which the majority are Bantu; the four largest tribes - Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande (Hamitic) make up about 45% of the population" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "French (official), Lingala (a lingua franca trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Kiswahili or Swahili), Kikongo, Tshiluba" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 20%, Kimbanguist 10%, Muslim 10%, other (includes syncretic sects and indigenous beliefs) 10%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "75,507,308 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "43.5% (male 16,549,895/female 16,303,497)", - "15_24_years": "21.3% (male 8,055,525/female 8,014,205)", - "25_54_years": "29.1% (male 10,955,261/female 11,003,910)", - "55_64_years": "3.5% (male 1,247,479/female 1,420,102)", - "65_years_and_over": "2.6% (male 822,168/female 1,135,266) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "91.9 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "86.4 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.5 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "18.2 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "17.7 years", - "male": "17.5 years", - "female": "17.9 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.54% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "36.34 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "10.54 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "34.3% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "4.19% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "KINSHASA (capital) 8.798 million; Lubumbashi 1.543 million; Mbuji-Mayi 1.488 million; Kananga 878,000; Kisangani 812,000 (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.87 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.72 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "20.2 (2007 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "540 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "74.87 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "78.56 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "71.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "56.14 years", - "male": "54.66 years", - "female": "57.66 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "4.95 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "17.7% (2010)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "7.9% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.11 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.8 beds/1,000 population (2006)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 79% of population; rural: 27% of population; total: 45% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 21% of population; rural: 73% of population; total: 55% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 24% of population; rural: 24% of population; total: 24% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 76% of population; rural: 76% of population; total: 76% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria, dengue fever, and trypanosomiasis-gambiense (African sleeping sickness)", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "1.7% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "28.2% (2007)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "2.5% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write French, Lingala, Kingwana, or Tshiluba", - "total_population": "66.8%", - "male": "76.9%", - "female": "57% (2010 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "8 years", - "male": "10 years", - "female": "7 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "8,284,395", - "percentage": "42 % (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", - "conventional_short_form": "DRC", - "local_long_form": "Republique Democratique du Congo", - "local_short_form": "RDC", - "former": "Congo Free State, Belgian Congo, Congo/Leopoldville, Congo/Kinshasa, Zaire", - "abbreviation": "DRC" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Kinshasa", - "geographic_coordinates": "4 19 S, 15 18 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "10 provinces (provinces, singular - province) and 1 city* (ville); Bandundu, Bas-Congo (Lower Congo), Equateur, Kasai-Occidental (West Kasai), Kasai-Oriental (East Kasai), Katanga, Kinshasa*, Maniema, Nord-Kivu (North Kivu), Orientale, Sud-Kivu (South Kivu)", - "note": "according to the Constitution adopted in December 2005, the current administrative divisions were to be subdivided into 26 new provinces by 2009 but this has yet to be implemented" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "30 June 1960 (from Belgium)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 30 June (1960)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "18 February 2006" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil legal system based on Belgian version of French civil law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Joseph KABILA (since 17 January 2001)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Augustin MATATA PONYO Mapon (since 18 April 2012)", - "cabinet": "Ministers of State appointed by the president", - "elections": "under the new constitution the president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 28 November 2011 (next to be held in November 2016); prime minister appointed by the president", - "election_results": "Joseph KABILA reelected president; percent of vote - Joseph KABILA 49%, Etienne TSHISEKEDI 32.3%, other 18.7%; note - election marred by serious voting irregularities", - "note": "Joseph KABILA succeeded his father, Laurent Desire KABILA, following the latter's assassination in January 2001; negotiations with rebel leaders led to the establishment of a transitional government in July 2003 with free elections held on 30 July 2006 and a run-off on 29 October 2006 confirming Joseph KABILA as president" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral legislature consists of a Senate (108 seats; members elected by provincial assemblies to serve five-year terms) and a National Assembly (500 seats; 61 members elected by majority vote in single-member constituencies, 439 members elected by open list proportional-representation in multi-member constituencies to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "Senate - last held on 19 January 2007 (next scheduled for 5 June 2013; though likely to be delayed); National Assembly - last held on 28 November 2011 (next to be held in 2016)", - "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PPRD 22, MLC 14, FR 7, RCD 7, PDC 6, CDC 3, MSR 3, PALU 2, independents 26, others 18 (political parties that won a single seat); National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PPRD 62, UDPS 41, PPPD 29, MSR 27, MLC 22, PALU 19, UNC 17, ARC 16, AFDC 15, ECT 11, RRC 11, independents 16, others 214 (includes numerous political parties that won 10 or fewer seats and 2 constituencies where voting was halted); note - the November 2011 elections were married by violence including the destruction of ballots in two constituencies resulting in the closure of polling sites; election results were delayed three months, stongly contested, and continue to be unresolved" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Justice (organized into legislative and judiciary sections and consists of 26 justices); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court of Justice judges nominated by the Judicial Service Council, an independent body of public prosecutors and selected judges of the lower courts; judges tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges - 3 nominated by the president, 3 by the Judicial Service Council, and 3 by the legislature; judges appointed by the president to serve 9-year non-renewable terms", - "subordinate_courts": "State Security Court; Court of Appeals (organized into administrative and judiciary sections); Tribunal de Grande; magistrates' courts; customary courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Christian Democrat Party or PDC [Jose ENDUNDO]; Congolese Rally for Democracy or RCD [Azarias RUBERWA]; Convention of Christian Democrats or CDC; Forces of Renewal or FR [Mbusa NYAMWISI]; Movement for the Liberation of the Congo or MLC [Jean-Pierre BEMBA]; People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy or PPRD [Joseph KABILA]; Social Movement for Renewal or MSR [Pierre LUMBI]; Unified Lumumbist Party or PALU [Antoine GIZENGA]; Union for the Congolese Nation or UNC [Vital KAMERHE]; Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Etienne TSHISEKEDI]; Union of Mobutuist Democrats or UDEMO [MOBUTU Nzanga]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "FARDC (Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo) - Army of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which commits atrocities on citizens; FDLR (Forces Democratiques de Liberation du Rwanda) - Rwandan militia group made up of some of the perpetrators of Rwanda's Genocide in 1994; CNDP (National Congress for the Defense of the People) - mainly Congolese Tutsis who want refugees returned and more representation in government; M23 - rebel group comprised largely from ex-CNDP forces" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CEPGL, COMESA, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Faida Maramuke MITIFU", - "chancery": "Suite 601, 1726 M Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20036", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 234-7690 through 7691", - "fax": "[1] (202) 234-2609", - "consulates_general": "New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador James F. ENTWISTLE", - "embassy": "310 Avenue des Aviateurs, Kinshasa", - "mailing_address": "Unit 2220, DPO AE 09828", - "telephone": "[243] (081) 556-0151", - "fax": "[243] (081) 556-0175" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "sky blue field divided diagonally from the lower hoist corner to upper fly corner by a red stripe bordered by two narrow yellow stripes; a yellow, five-pointed star appears in the upper hoist corner; blue represents peace and hope, red the blood of the country's martyrs, and yellow the country's wealth and prosperity; the star symbolizes unity and the brilliant future for the country" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "leopard" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Debout Congolaise\" (Arise Congolese)", - "lyrics_music": "Joseph LUTUMBA/Simon-Pierre BOKA di Mpasi Londi", - "note": "adopted 1960; the anthem was replaced during the period in which the country was known as Zaire, but was readopted in 1997" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "The economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo - a nation endowed with vast natural resource wealth - is slowly recovering after decades of decline. Systemic corruption since independence in 1960, combined with country-wide instability and conflict that began in the mid-90s has dramatically reduced national output and government revenue and increased external debt. With the installation of a transitional government in 2003 after peace accords, economic conditions slowly began to improve as the transitional government reopened relations with international financial institutions and international donors, and President KABILA began implementing reforms. Progress has been slow to reach the interior of the country although clear changes are evident in Kinshasa and Lubumbashi. An uncertain legal framework, corruption, and a lack of transparency in government policy are long-term problems for the mining sector and for the economy as a whole. Much economic activity still occurs in the informal sector and is not reflected in GDP data. Renewed activity in the mining sector, the source of most export income, has boosted Kinshasa's fiscal position and GDP growth in recent years. The global recession cut economic growth in 2009 to less than half its 2008 level, but growth returned to around 7% per year in 2010-12. The DRC signed a Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility with the IMF in 2009 and received $12 billion in multilateral and bilateral debt relief in 2010, but the IMF at the end of 2012 suspended the last three payments under the loan facility - worth $240 million - because of concerns about the lack of transparency in mining contracts. In 2012, the DRC updated its business laws by adhering to OHADA, the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa. The country marked its tenth consecutive year of positive economic expansion in 2012." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$28.03 billion (2012 est.); $26.17 billion (2011 est.); $24.48 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$17.7 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "7.1% (2012 est.); 6.9% (2011 est.); 7.2% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$400 (2012 est.); $400 (2011 est.); $300 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "64.5%", - "government_consumption": "12%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "18.3%", - "investment_in_inventories": "1%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "58.5%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-53.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "44.2%", - "industry": "22.6%", - "services": "33.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "coffee, sugar, palm oil, rubber, tea, cotton, cocoa, quinine, cassava (manioc), bananas, plantains, peanuts, root crops, corn, fruits; wood products" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "mining (copper, cobalt, gold, diamonds, coltan, zinc, tin, tungsten), mineral processing, consumer products (textiles, plastics, footwear, cigarettes), metal products, processed foods and beverages, timber, cement, commercial ship repair" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "35.86 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "NA%", - "industry": "NA%", - "services": "NA%" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "71% (2006 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.3%", - "highest_10%": "34.7% (2006)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$5.009 billion", - "expenditures": "$5.537 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "28.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "10.5% (2012 est.); 15.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "4% (31 December 2012 est.); 20% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "28.45% (31 December 2012 est.); 43.75% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$1.159 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $867.2 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$3.087 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.654 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$444.7 million (31 December 2012 est.); $522.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$2.2 billion (2012 est.); -$831 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$8.872 billion (2012 est.); $9.472 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "diamonds, copper, gold, cobalt, wood products, crude oil, coffee" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "China 53.4%, Zambia 24.5%, Belgium 5.6% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$8.187 billion (2012 est.); $8.916 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "foodstuffs, mining and other machinery, transport equipment, fuels" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "South Africa 21.4%, China 15.1%, Belgium 7.9%, Zambia 7.5%, Zimbabwe 6.1%, Kenya 5.1%, France 4.9% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$1.633 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.268 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$6.089 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.448 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Congolese francs (CDF) per US dollar -; 920.25 (2012 est.); 916.25 (2011 est.); 905.91 (2010 est.); 472.19 (2009); 559 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "7.75 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "6.588 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "887 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "105 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "2.475 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "1.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "98.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "20,160 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "11,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "180 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "10,240 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "11,500 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "991.1 million cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "2.804 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "57,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "15.645 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "barely adequate wire and microwave radio relay service in and between urban areas; domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations; inadequate fixed line infrastructure", - "domestic": "state-owned operator providing less than 1 fixed-line connection per 1000 persons; given the backdrop of a wholly inadequate fixed-line infrastructure, the use of mobile-cellular services has surged and mobile teledensity is roughly 20 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 243; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-owned TV broadcast station with near national coverage; more than a dozen privately owned TV stations with 2 having near national coverage; 2 state-owned radio stations are supplemented by more than 100 private radio stations; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are available (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".cd" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "2,515 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "290,000 (2008)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "198 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "26", - "over_3_047_m": "3", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "3", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "17", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "172", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "20", - "914_to_1_523_m": "87", - "under_914_m": "65 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 62 km; oil 77 km; refined products 756 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "4,007 km", - "narrow_gauge": "3,882 km 1.067-m gauge (858 km electrified); 125 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "153,497 km", - "paved": "2,794 km", - "unpaved": "150,703 km (2004)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "15,000 km (including the Congo, its tributaries, and unconnected lakes) (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "1", - "by_type": "petroleum tanker 1", - "foreign_owned": "1 (Republic of the Congo 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Banana", - "river_or_lake_ports": "Boma, Bumba, Kinshasa, Kisangani, Matadi, Mbandaka (Congo); Kindu (Lualaba); Bukavu, Goma (Lake Kivu); Kalemie (Lake Tanganyika)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Forces d'Armees de la Republique Democratique du Congo, FARDC): Army, National Navy (La Marine Nationale), Congolese Air Force (Force Aerienne Congolaise, FAC) (2011)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-45 years of age for voluntary and compulsory military service (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "15,980,106 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "10,168,258", - "females_age_16_49": "10,331,693 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "877,684", - "female": "871,880 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.2% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "heads of the Great Lakes states and UN pledged in 2004 to abate tribal, rebel, and militia fighting in the region, including northeast Congo, where the UN Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC), organized in 1999, maintains over 16,500 uniformed peacekeepers; members of Uganda's Lords Resistance Army forces continue to seek refuge in Congo's Garamba National Park as peace talks with the Uganda government evolve; the location of the boundary in the broad Congo River with the Republic of the Congo is indefinite except in the Pool Malebo/Stanley Pool area; Uganda and DRC dispute Rukwanzi Island in Lake Albert and other areas on the Semliki River with hydrocarbon potential; boundary commission continues discussions over Congolese-administered triangle of land on the right bank of the Lunkinda River claimed by Zambia near the DRC village of Pweto; DRC accuses Angola of shifting monuments" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "50,736 (Rwanda); 9,368 (Burundi) (2012); 69,500 (Central African Republic) (2013)", - "idps": "2,665,021 (fighting between government forces and rebels since mid-1990s; most IDPs are in eastern provinces) (2012)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo is a source, destination, and possibly a transit country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; the majority of this trafficking is internal, and much of it is perpetrated by armed groups and government forces outside government control within the country's unstable eastern provinces; Congolese women and children have been exploited internally as domestic servants, while others migrate to Angola, South Africa, Republic of the Congo, and South Sudan, as well as East African, Middle Eastern, and European nations where they are subjected to forced prostitution, domestic servitude, and forced labor in agriculture and diamond mines; indigenous and foreign armed groups (including the Lord's Resistance Army) abduct and forcibly recruit Congolese adults and children to serve as laborers, porters, domestics, combatants, and sex slaves; some commanders of the Congolese national army also recruit, at times through force, men and children for use as combatants, escorts, and porters", - "tier_rating": "Tier 3 - The Democratic Republic of the Congo does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government signed a UN-backed action plan to end the recruitment and use of child soldiers within its armed forces but has not applied legal sanctions against those who recruit and use child soldiers and has not reported any law enforcement efforts to combat any other forms of trafficking; besides child soldiers, the government has not reported identifying any other victims of forced labor or sex trafficking or providing protective services or referrals to NGO-operated care facilities; NGOs continue to provide the vast majority of the limited shelter, legal, medical, and psychological services available to victims (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "one of Africa's biggest producers of cannabis, but mostly for domestic consumption; traffickers exploit lax shipping controls to transit pseudoephedrine through the capital; while rampant corruption and inadequate supervision leaves the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center (2008)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/cf-central-african-republic.json b/africa/cf-central-african-republic.json deleted file mode 100644 index 5407be67..00000000 --- a/africa/cf-central-african-republic.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,590 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The former French colony of Ubangi-Shari became the Central African Republic upon independence in 1960. After three tumultuous decades of misrule - mostly by military governments - civilian rule was established in 1993 and lasted for one decade. In March, 2003 President Ange-Felix PATASSE was deposed in a military coup led by General Francois BOZIZE, who established a transitional government. Elections held in 2005 affirmed General BOZIZE as president; he was reelected in 2011 in voting widely viewed as flawed. The government still does not fully control the countryside, where pockets of lawlessness persist. The militant group the Lord's Resistance Army continues to destabilize southeastern Central African Republic, and several rebel groups joined together in early December 2012 to launch a series of attacks that left them in control of numerous towns in the northern and central parts of the country. The rebels - who are unhappy with BOZIZE's government - participated in peace talks in early January 2013 which resulted in a coalition government including the rebellion's leadership. In March 2013, the coalition government dissolved, rebels seized the capital, and President BOZIZE fled the country. Rebel leader Michel DJOTODIA assumed the presidency, reappointed Nicolas TIANGAYE as Prime Minister, and established a transitional government on 31 March. On 13 April 2013, the National Transitional Council affirmed DJOTODIA as President." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Central Africa, north of Democratic Republic of the Congo" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "7 00 N, 21 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "622,984 sq km", - "land": "622,984 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Texas" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "5,203 km", - "border_countries": "Cameroon 797 km, Chad 1,197 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,577 km, Republic of the Congo 467 km, South Sudan 990 km, Sudan 175 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; hot, dry winters; mild to hot, wet summers" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "vast, flat to rolling, monotonous plateau; scattered hills in northeast and southwest" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Oubangui River 335 m", - "highest_point": "Mont Ngaoui 1,420 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "diamonds, uranium, timber, gold, oil, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "2.89%", - "permanent_crops": "0.13%", - "other": "96.98% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "1.35 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "144.4 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.07 cu km/yr (83%/17%/1%)", - "per_capita": "17.42 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds affect northern areas; floods are common" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "tap water is not potable; poaching has diminished the country's reputation as one of the last great wildlife refuges; desertification; deforestation" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Law of the Sea" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; almost the precise center of Africa" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Central African(s)", - "adjective": "Central African" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Baya 33%, Banda 27%, Mandjia 13%, Sara 10%, Mboum 7%, M'Baka 4%, Yakoma 4%, other 2%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language), tribal languages" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "indigenous beliefs 35%, Protestant 25%, Roman Catholic 25%, Muslim 15%", - "note": "animistic beliefs and practices strongly influence the Christian majority" - }, - "population": { - "text": "5,166,510 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "40.7% (male 1,058,523/female 1,045,664)", - "15_24_years": "20.2% (male 525,581/female 520,274)", - "25_54_years": "31.5% (male 814,003/female 815,169)", - "55_64_years": "3.9% (male 86,860/female 113,190)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.6% (male 73,942/female 113,304) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "77.5 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "70.7 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.8 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "14.7 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "19.3 years", - "male": "19 years", - "female": "19.7 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.14% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "35.8 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "14.42 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "39.1% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "BANGUI (capital) 740,000 (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.75 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.66 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "890 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "95.04 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "102.83 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "87.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "50.9 years", - "male": "49.64 years", - "female": "52.2 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "4.52 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "19% (2006)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "4% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.08 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1 beds/1,000 population (2011)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 92% of population; rural: 51% of population; total: 67% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 8% of population; rural: 49% of population; total: 33% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 43% of population; rural: 28% of population; total: 34% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 57% of population; rural: 72% of population; total: 66% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "4.7% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "130,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "11,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever", - "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "3.5% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "28% (2006)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "1.2% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "56.6%", - "male": "69.6%", - "female": "44.2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "7 years", - "male": "8 years", - "female": "5 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "532,518", - "percentage": "47 % (2006 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Central African Republic", - "conventional_short_form": "none", - "local_long_form": "Republique Centrafricaine", - "local_short_form": "none", - "former": "Ubangi-Shari, Central African Empire", - "abbreviation": "CAR" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Bangui", - "geographic_coordinates": "4 22 N, 18 35 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "14 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture), 2 economic prefectures* (prefectures economiques, singular - prefecture economique), and 1 commune**; Bamingui-Bangoran, Bangui**, Basse-Kotto, Haute-Kotto, Haut-Mbomou, Kemo, Lobaye, Mambere-Kadei, Mbomou, Nana-Grebizi*, Nana-Mambere, Ombella-Mpoko, Ouaka, Ouham, Ouham-Pende, Sangha-Mbaere*, Vakaga" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "13 August 1960 (from France)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Republic Day, 1 December (1958)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "ratified by popular referendum 5 December 2004; effective 27 December 2004" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system based on the French model" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Michel DJOTODIA (since 24 March 2013 coup) note - a rebel force seized the capital in March 2013, forcing former president BOZIZE to flee the country; President DJOTODIA assumed the presidency, reinstated the Prime Minister, established a transitional government, and was subsequently affirmed as President by the National Transitional Council on 13 April 2013; an 18-month transition period officially began on 18 August 2013", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Nicolas TIANGAYE (since 17 January 2013)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers", - "elections": "president elected for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 23 January 2011 (next to be held in 2014 - as specified in the January 2013 Libreville agreement); prime minister appointed by the president", - "election_results": "Francois BOZIZE elected to a second term as president; percent of vote - Francois BOZIZE (KNK) 64.4%, Ange-Felix PATASSE 21.4%, Martin ZIGUELE (MLPC) 6.8%, Emile Gros Raymond NAKOMBO (RDC) 4.6%, Jean-Jacques DEMAFOUTH (NAP) 2.8%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (105 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 23 January 2011 and 27 March 2011 (next to be held in 2016)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - KNK 62, independents 26, MLPC 2, other 15" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of NA judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges, at least 3 of which are women)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the president; Constitutional Court judge appointments - 2 by the president, 1 by the speaker of the National Assembly, 2 elected by their peers, 2 are advocates elected by their peers, and 2 are law professors elected by their peers; judges serve 7-year non-renewable terms", - "subordinate_courts": "high courts; magistrates' courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP [Jacques MBOLIEDAS]; Central African Democratic Rally or RDC [Louis-Pierre GAMBA]; Civic Forum or FC [Gen. Timothee MALENDOMA]; Democratic Forum for Modernity or FODEM [Saturnin NDOMBY]; Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Nestor KOMBO-NAGUEMON]; Londo Association or LONDO; Movement for Democracy and Development or MDD; Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People or MLPC [Martin ZIGUELE ]; National Convergence or KNK; National Unity Party or PUN [Jean-Paul NGOUPANDE]; New Alliance for Progress or NAP [Jean-Jacques DEMAFOUTH]; Patriotic Front for Progress or FPP [Alexandre Philippe GOUMBA]; People's Union for the Republic or UPR [Pierre Sammy MAKFOY]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Enoch LAKOUE]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Stanislas MOUSSA-KEMBE", - "chancery": "1618 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 483-7800", - "fax": "[1] (202) 332-9893" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Laurence D. WOHLERS", - "embassy": "Avenue David Dacko, Bangui", - "mailing_address": "B. P. 924, Bangui", - "telephone": "[236] 21 61 02 00", - "fax": "[236] 21 61 44 94", - "note": "the embassy temporarily suspended operations in December, 2012" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "four equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, green, and yellow with a vertical red band in center; a yellow five-pointed star to the hoist side of the blue band; banner combines the Pan-African and French flag colors; red symbolizes the blood spilled in the struggle for independence, blue represents the sky and freedom, white peace and dignity, green hope and faith, and yellow tolerance; the star represents aspiration towards a vibrant future" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "elephant" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Le Renaissance\" (The Renaissance)", - "lyrics_music": "Barthelemy BOGANDA/Herbert PEPPER", - "note": "adopted 1960; Barthelemy BOGANDA, who wrote the anthem's lyrics, was the first prime minister of the autonomous French territory" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Subsistence agriculture, together with forestry and mining, remains the backbone of the economy of the Central African Republic (CAR), with about 60% of the population living in outlying areas. The agricultural sector generates more than half of GDP. Timber and diamonds account for most export earnings, followed by cotton. Important constraints to economic development include the CAR's landlocked position, a poor transportation system, a largely unskilled work force, and a legacy of misdirected macroeconomic policies. Factional fighting between the government and its opponents remains a drag on economic revitalization. Since 2009 the IMF has worked closely with the government to institute reforms that have resulted in some improvement in budget transparency, but other problems remain. The government's additional spending in the run-up to the election in 2011 worsened CAR's fiscal situation. Distribution of income is extraordinarily unequal. Grants from France and the international community can only partially meet humanitarian needs. In 2012 the World Bank approved $125 million in funding for transport infrastructure and regional trade, focused on the route between CAR's capital and the port of Douala in Cameroon. After a two year lag in donor support, the IMF's first review of CAR's extended credit facility for 2012-15 praised improvements in revenue collection but warned of weak management of spending." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$3.955 billion (2012 est.); $3.799 billion (2011 est.); $3.677 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$2.172 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "4.1% (2012 est.); 3.3% (2011 est.); 3% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$800 (2012 est.); $800 (2011 est.); $800 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "4.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 3.6% of GDP (2011 est.); 4% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "89.5%", - "government_consumption": "8.1%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "12.5%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "12.5%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-22.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "55.8%", - "industry": "14.8%", - "services": "29.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "cotton, coffee, tobacco, manioc (tapioca), yams, millet, corn, bananas; timber" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "gold and diamond mining, logging, brewing, sugar refining" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "1.926 million (2007)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "8% (2001 est.)", - "note": "23% unemployment in Bangui" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.1%", - "highest_10%": "33% (2003)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "61.3 (1993)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$340.8 million", - "expenditures": "$356.9 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "15.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-0.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "5% (2012 est.); 1.3% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "4.25% (31 December 2009); 4.75% (31 December 2008)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "15% (31 December 2012 est.); 15% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$349 million (31 December 2012 est.); $329.7 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$459.7 million (31 December 2012 est.); $406.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$488.6 million (31 December 2012 est.); $444.7 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$179.5 million (2012 est.); -$191.4 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$208 million (2012 est.); $186.3 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "diamonds, timber, cotton, coffee" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Belgium 31.5%, China 27.7%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 8.6%, Indonesia 5.2%, France 4.5% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$332.4 million (2012 est.); $319.8 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "food, textiles, petroleum products, machinery, electrical equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, pharmaceuticals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Netherlands 19.5%, Cameroon 9.7%, France 9.3%, South Korea 8.7% (2012)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$623.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $573 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar -; 510.53 (2012 est.); 471.87 (2011 est.); 495.28 (2010); 472.19 (2009); 447.81 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "160 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "148.8 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "46,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "45.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "54.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "3,175 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "2,481 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "227,400 Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "5,400 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "1.824 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "network consists principally of microwave radio relay and low-capacity, low-powered radiotelephone communication", - "domestic": "limited telephone service with less than 1 fixed-line connection per 100 persons; spurred by the presence of multiple mobile-cellular service providers, cellular usage is increasing from a low base; most fixed-line and mobile-cellular telephone services are concentrated in Bangui", - "international": "country code - 236; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "government-owned network, Radiodiffusion Television Centrafricaine, provides domestic TV broadcasting; licenses for 2 private TV stations are pending; state-owned radio network is supplemented by a small number of privately owned broadcast stations as well as a few community radio stations; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are available (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".cf" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "20 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "22,600 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "39 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "2", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "37", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "11", - "914_to_1_523_m": "19", - "under_914_m": "6 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "20,278 km (2010)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "2,800 km (the primary navigable river is the Ubangi, which joins the River Congo; it was the traditional route for the export of products because it connected with the Congo-Ocean railway at Brazzaville; because of the warfare on both sides of the River Congo from 1997, however, routes through Cameroon became preferred by importers and exporters) (2011)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "river_ports": "Bangui (Oubangui); Nola (Sangha)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Central African Armed Forces (Forces Armees Centrafricaines, FACA): Ground Forces (includes Military Air Service), General Directorate of Gendarmerie Inspection (DGIG), National Police (2011)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for selective military service; 2-year conscript service obligation (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,149,856", - "females_age_16_49": "1,145,897 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "655,875", - "females_age_16_49": "661,308 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "54,843", - "female": "53,999 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "2.6% of GDP (2011)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "periodic skirmishes over water and grazing rights among related pastoral populations along the border with southern Sudan persist" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "10,662 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2012)", - "idps": "206,000 (clashes between army and rebel groups since 2005; tensions between ethnic groups) (2013)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Central African Republic (CAR) is a source and destination country for children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking and possibly women subjected to forced prostitution; most victims appear to be CAR citizens exploited within the country, and that a smaller number are transported back and forth between the CAR and Cameroon, Chad, Nigeria, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan, and South Sudan; children are forced into domestic servitude, commercial sexual exploitation, agricultural labor, mining, and street vending; armed groups operating in the CAR, including the Lord's Resistance Army, continue to recruit and use children for military activities, while village self-defense units use children as combatants, lookouts, and porters", - "tier_rating": "Tier 3 - Central African Republic does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government does not investigate or prosecute any suspected cases of human trafficking, including the use of child soldiers; the government also fails to identify, provide protection to, or refer to service providers any trafficking victims; in collaboration with an NGO, the government has convened a working group to develop a national action plan to combat human trafficking (2013)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/cg-congo.json b/africa/cg-congo.json deleted file mode 100644 index 2ca94fa5..00000000 --- a/africa/cg-congo.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,601 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Upon independence in 1960, the former French region of Middle Congo became the Republic of the Congo. A quarter century of experimentation with Marxism was abandoned in 1990 and a democratically elected government took office in 1992. A brief civil war in 1997 restored former Marxist President Denis SASSOU-Nguesso, and ushered in a period of ethnic and political unrest. Southern-based rebel groups agreed to a final peace accord in March 2003, but the calm is tenuous and refugees continue to present a humanitarian crisis. The Republic of Congo is one of Africa's largest petroleum producers, but with declining production it will need new offshore oil finds to sustain its oil earnings over the long term." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Central Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Angola and Gabon" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "1 00 S, 15 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "342,000 sq km", - "land": "341,500 sq km", - "water": "500 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Montana" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "5,504 km", - "border_countries": "Angola 201 km, Cameroon 523 km, Central African Republic 467 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,410 km, Gabon 1,903 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "169 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; rainy season (March to June); dry season (June to October); persistent high temperatures and humidity; particularly enervating climate astride the Equator" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "coastal plain, southern basin, central plateau, northern basin" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Mount Berongou 903 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, timber, potash, lead, zinc, uranium, copper, phosphates, gold, magnesium, natural gas, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "1.46%", - "permanent_crops": "0.18%", - "other": "98.36% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "20 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "832 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.05 cu km/yr (69%/26%/4%)", - "per_capita": "13.99 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "seasonal flooding" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "air pollution from vehicle emissions; water pollution from the dumping of raw sewage; tap water is not potable; deforestation" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "about 70% of the population lives in Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, or along the railroad between them" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Congolese (singular and plural)", - "adjective": "Congolese or Congo" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Kongo 48%, Sangha 20%, M'Bochi 12%, Teke 17%, Europeans and other 3%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "French (official), Lingala and Monokutuba (lingua franca trade languages), many local languages and dialects (of which Kikongo is the most widespread)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Christian 50%, animist 48%, Muslim 2%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "4,492,689 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "45.1% (male 1,020,784/female 1,006,148)", - "15_24_years": "20.6% (male 464,410/female 460,955)", - "25_54_years": "28.2% (male 636,447/female 628,629)", - "55_64_years": "3.4% (male 67,117/female 84,919)", - "65_years_and_over": "2.7% (male 50,358/female 72,922) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "84.9 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "78.7 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.3 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "15.9 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "17.1 years", - "male": "16.9 years", - "female": "17.3 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.86% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "39.63 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "11.03 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "63.7% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.84% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "BRAZZAVILLE (capital) 1.611 million (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.79 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.69 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "19.8 (2005 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "560 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "72.45 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "77.76 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "66.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "55.6 years", - "male": "54.27 years", - "female": "56.96 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "5.49 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "44.7% (2011/12)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "2.5% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.1 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.6 beds/1,000 population (2005)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 95% of population; rural: 32% of population; total: 71% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 5% of population; rural: 68% of population; total: 29% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 20% of population; rural: 15% of population; total: 18% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 80% of population; rural: 85% of population; total: 82% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "3.4% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "77,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "5,100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_disease": "malaria and dengue fever", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "4.7% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "11.8% (2005)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "6.2% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "83.8%", - "male": "89.6%", - "female": "78.4% (2003 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "9 years", - "male": "10 years", - "female": "9 years (2003)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "252,171", - "percentage": "25 % (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of the Congo", - "conventional_short_form": "Congo (Brazzaville)", - "local_long_form": "Republique du Congo", - "local_short_form": "none", - "former": "Middle Congo, Congo/Brazzaville, Congo" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Brazzaville", - "geographic_coordinates": "4 15 S, 15 17 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "10 regions (regions, singular - region) and 2 commune*; Bouenza, Brazzaville*, Cuvette, Cuvette-Ouest, Kouilou, Lekoumou, Likouala, Niari, Plateaux, Pointe-Noire*, Pool, Sangha" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "15 August 1960 (from France)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 15 August (1960)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "approved by referendum 20 January 2002" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of French civil law and customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Denis SASSOU-Nguesso (since 25 October 1997, following the civil war in which he toppled elected president Pascal LISSOUBA); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Denis SASSOU-Nguesso (since 25 October 1997); note - the position of prime minister was abolished in September 2009", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 12 July 2009 (next to be held in 2016)", - "election_results": "Denis SASSOU-Nguesso reelected president; percent of vote - Denis SASSOU-Nguesso 78.6%, Joseph Kignoumbi Kia MBOUNGOU 7.5%, Nicephore Fylla de SAINT-EUDES 7%, other 6.9%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (72 seats; members elected by indirect vote to serve five-year terms) and the National Assembly (139 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)", - "elections": "Senate - last held on 5 August 2008 (next to be held in July 2014); National Assembly - last held on 15 July and 5 August 2012 (next to be held in 2018)", - "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RMP 33, FDU 23, UPADS 2, independents 7, other 7; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PCT (and allies) 117, UPADS 7, independents 12, vacant 3" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of NA judges) note - the High Court of Justice, outside the judicial authority, tries cases involving treason by the president of the republic", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges elected by parliament and serve until retirement age", - "subordinate_courts": "courts of appeal; regional and district courts; employment tribunals; juvenile courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Action Movement for Renewal or MAR; Congolese Labour Party or PCT; Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development or MCDDI [Michel MAMPOUYA]; Movement for Solidarity and Development or MSD; Pan-African Union for Social Development or UPADS [Martin MBERI]; Rally for Democracy and the Republic or RDR [Raymond Damasge NGOLLO]; Rally for Democracy and Social Progress or RDPS [Jean-Pierre Thystere TCHICAYA, president]; Rally of the Presidential Majority or RMP; Union for Democracy and Republic or UDR; United Democratic Forces or FDU [Sebastian EBAO]; many smaller parties" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Congolese Trade Union Congress or CSC; General Union of Congolese Pupils and Students or UGEEC; Revolutionary Union of Congolese Women or URFC; Union of Congolese Socialist Youth or UJSC" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, EITI (candidate country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Serge MOMBOULI", - "chancery": "1720 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 726-5500", - "fax": "[1] (202) 726-1860" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Christopher W. MURRAY", - "embassy": "70-83 Section D, Maya-Maya Boulevard, Brazzaville;", - "mailing_address": "B.P. 1015, Brazzaville", - "telephone": "[242] 06 612-200" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "divided diagonally from the lower hoist side by a yellow band; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is red; green symbolizes agriculture and forests, yellow the friendship and nobility of the people, red is unexplained but has been associated with the struggle for independence", - "note": "uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "lion; elephant" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"La Congolaise\" (The Congolese)", - "lyrics_music": "Jacques TONDRA and Georges KIBANGHI/Jean ROYER and Joseph SPADILIERE", - "note": "originally adopted 1959, restored 1991" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "The economy is a mixture of subsistence hunting and agriculture, an industrial sector based largely on oil and support services, and government spending. Oil has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy, providing a major share of government revenues and exports. Natural gas is increasingly being converted to electricity rather than being flared, greatly improving energy prospects. New mining projects, particularly iron ore, that may enter production as early as late 2013 may add as much as $1 billion to annual government revenue. Economic reform efforts have been undertaken with the support of international organizations, notably the World Bank and the IMF, including recently concluded Article IV consultations. Denis SASSOU-Nguesso, who returned to power when the war ended in October 1997, publicly expressed interest in moving forward on economic reforms and privatization and in renewing cooperation with international financial institutions. Economic progress was badly hurt by slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict in December 1998, which worsened the republic's budget deficit. The current administration faces difficult economic challenges of stimulating recovery and reducing poverty. The drop in oil prices during the global crisis reduced oil revenue by about 30%, but the subsequent recovery of oil prices boosted the economy's GDP from 2009-12. In March 2006, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) approved Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) treatment for Congo, which received $1.9 billion in debt relief under the program in 2010. Congo also restructured old defaulted London Club debt in 2007, which effectively cancelled 80% of its private debt. Contracts with China have increased Congo's publicly held debt. Officially the country became a net external creditor as of 2011, with external debt representing less than 22% of GDP and debt servicing less than 3% of government revenue." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$19.41 billion (2012 est.); $18.69 billion (2011 est.); $18.08 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$13.69 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.8% (2012 est.); 3.4% (2011 est.); 8.8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$4,700 (2012 est.); $4,700 (2011 est.); $4,700 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "59.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 61.3% of GDP (2011 est.); 48.2% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "22%", - "government_consumption": "15.6%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "51.9%", - "investment_in_inventories": "1%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "105.6%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-96.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "3.3%", - "industry": "76.3%", - "services": "20.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "cassava (tapioca), sugar, rice, corn, peanuts, vegetables, coffee, cocoa; forest products" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "petroleum extraction, cement, lumber, brewing, sugar, palm oil, soap, flour, cigarettes" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "2.89 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "53% (2012 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "46.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.1%", - "highest_10%": "37.1% (2005)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$6.382 billion", - "expenditures": "$5.927 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "46.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "3.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "18.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 17% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "3.9% (2012 est.); 1.3% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "4.25% (31 December 2009); 4.75% (31 December 2008)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "14.8% (31 December 2012 est.); 15% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$3.341 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $3.341 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$3.753 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $2.882 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$2.392 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $1.982 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$1.277 billion (2012 est.); $1.85 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$12.14 billion (2012 est.); $11.63 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "petroleum, lumber, plywood, sugar, cocoa, coffee, diamonds" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "China 38.9%, US 12.9%, France 9.5%, Australia 8.8%, Netherlands 6.8%, Spain 5.3%, India 5.3% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$5.835 billion (2012 est.); $5.023 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "capital equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "France 19.2%, China 13.3%, Brazil 9%, US 6.1%, India 5.7%, Italy 4.8%, Belgium 4.3% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$6.091 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.658 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$2.958 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.523 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar -; 510.53 (2012 est.); 471.87 (2011 est.); 495.28 (2010 est.); 472.19 (2009); 447.81 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "559 million kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "588 million kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "470 million kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "559,000 kW (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "51.2% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "48.8% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "298,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "290,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "1.6 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "10,460 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "10,710 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "5,146 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "5,326 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "946 million cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "930 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "39 million cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "90.61 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "6.518 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "14,200 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "3.885 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "primary network consists of microwave radio relay and coaxial cable with services barely adequate for government use; key exchanges are in Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, and Loubomo; intercity lines frequently out of order", - "domestic": "fixed-line infrastructure inadequate providing less than 1 connection per 100 persons; in the absence of an adequate fixed line infrastructure, mobile-cellular subscribership has surged to 90 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 242; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "1 state-owned TV and 3 state-owned radio stations; several privately owned TV and radio stations; satellite TV service is available; rebroadcasts of several international broadcasters are available (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".cg" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "45 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "245,200 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "27 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "8", - "over_3_047_m": "2", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "5 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "19", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "8", - "914_to_1_523_m": "9", - "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 232 km; liquid petroleum gas 4 km; oil 982 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "886 km", - "narrow_gauge": "886 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "17,289 km", - "paved": "864 km", - "unpaved": "16,425 km (2004)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "1,120 km (commercially navigable on Congo and Oubanqui rivers above Brazzaville; there are many ferries across the river to Kinshasa; the Congo south of Brazzaville-Kinshasa to the coast is not navigable because of rapids, thereby necessitating a rail connection to Pointe Noire; other rivers are used for local traffic only) (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "registered_in_other_countries": "1 (Democratic Republic of the Congo 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Pointe-Noire", - "river_ports": "Brazzaville (Congo); Impfondo (Oubangi); Ouesso (Sangha); Oyo (Alima)", - "oil_gas_terminals": "Djeno" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Congolese Armed Forces (Forces Armees Congolaises, FAC): Army (Armee de Terre), Navy, Congolese Air Force (Armee de l'Air Congolaise); Gendarmerie; Special Presidential Security Guard (GSSP) (2011)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; women can serve in the Armed Forces; no conscription (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "928,664", - "females_age_16_49": "914,265 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "577,944", - "females_age_16_49": "566,587 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "50,000", - "female": "49,641 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.7% of GDP (2011)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "the location of the boundary in the broad Congo River with the Democratic Republic of the Congo is undefined except in the Pool Malebo/Stanley Pool area" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "8,404 (Rwanda); 89,424 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (2012)", - "idps": "7,800 (multiple civil wars since 1992) (2009)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/ci-cote-d-ivoire.json b/africa/ci-cote-d-ivoire.json deleted file mode 100644 index 3d8a7f96..00000000 --- a/africa/ci-cote-d-ivoire.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,626 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Close ties to France following independence in 1960, the development of cocoa production for export, and foreign investment all made Cote d'Ivoire one of the most prosperous of the West African states but did not protect it from political turmoil. In December 1999, a military coup - the first ever in Cote d'Ivoire's history - overthrew the government. Junta leader Robert GUEI blatantly rigged elections held in late 2000 and declared himself the winner. Popular protest forced him to step aside and brought Laurent GBAGBO into power. Ivorian dissidents and disaffected members of the military launched a failed coup attempt in September 2002 that developed into a rebellion and then a civil war. The war ended in 2003 with a cease fire that left the country divided with the rebels holding the north, the government the south, and peacekeeping forces a buffer zone between the two. In March 2007, President GBAGBO and former New Forces rebel leader Guillaume SORO signed an agreement in which SORO joined GBAGBO's government as prime minister and the two agreed to reunite the country by dismantling the buffer zone, integrating rebel forces into the national armed forces, and holding elections. Difficulties in preparing electoral registers delayed balloting until 2010. In November 2010, Alassane Dramane OUATTARA won the presidential election over GBAGBO, but GBAGBO refused to hand over power, resulting in a five-month stand-off. In April 2011, after widespread fighting, GBAGBO was formally forced from office by armed OUATTARA supporters with the help of UN and French forces. Several thousand UN peacekeepers and several hundred French troops remain in Cote d'Ivoire to support the transition process. OUATTARA is focused on rebuilding the country's infrastructure and military after the five months of post-electoral fighting and faces ongoing threats from GBAGBO supporters, many of whom have sought shelter in Ghana. GBAGBO is in The Hague awaiting trial for crimes against humanity." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Ghana and Liberia" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "8 00 N, 5 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "322,463 sq km", - "land": "318,003 sq km", - "water": "4,460 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than New Mexico" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "3,110 km", - "border_countries": "Burkina Faso 584 km, Ghana 668 km, Guinea 610 km, Liberia 716 km, Mali 532 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "515 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical along coast, semiarid in far north; three seasons - warm and dry (November to March), hot and dry (March to May), hot and wet (June to October)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly flat to undulating plains; mountains in northwest" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Gulf of Guinea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Monts Nimba 1,752 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, natural gas, diamonds, manganese, iron ore, cobalt, bauxite, copper, gold, nickel, tantalum, silica sand, clay, cocoa beans, coffee, palm oil, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "8.99%", - "permanent_crops": "13.65%", - "other": "77.36% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "727.5 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "81.14 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "1.55 cu km/yr (41%/21%/38%)", - "per_capita": "83.07 cu m/yr (2008)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "coast has heavy surf and no natural harbors; during the rainy season torrential flooding is possible" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation (most of the country's forests - once the largest in West Africa - have been heavily logged); water pollution from sewage and industrial and agricultural effluents" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "most of the inhabitants live along the sandy coastal region; apart from the capital area, the forested interior is sparsely populated" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Ivoirian(s)", - "adjective": "Ivoirian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Akan 42.1%, Voltaiques or Gur 17.6%, Northern Mandes 16.5%, Krous 11%, Southern Mandes 10%, other 2.8% (includes 130,000 Lebanese and 14,000 French) (1998)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "French (official), 60 native dialects of which Dioula is the most widely spoken" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim 38.6%, Christian 32.8%, indigenous 11.9%, none 16.7% (2008 est.)", - "note": "the majority of foreigners (migratory workers) are Muslim (70%) and Christian (20%)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "22,400,835 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "38.9% (male 4,393,005/female 4,319,967)", - "15_24_years": "21% (male 2,372,125/female 2,336,657)", - "25_54_years": "32.5% (male 3,737,464/female 3,549,600)", - "55_64_years": "4.4% (male 490,420/female 489,471)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.2% (male 347,211/female 364,915) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "80.2 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "74.5 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.7 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "17.5 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "20 years", - "male": "20.1 years", - "female": "19.9 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "29.83 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "9.8 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "51.3% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "3.56% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "ABIDJAN (seat of government) 4.288 million; YAMOUSSOUKRO (capital) 966,000 (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.96 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.03 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "19.7", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2005 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "400 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "61.66 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "68.06 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "55.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "57.66 years", - "male": "56.57 years", - "female": "58.78 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "3.73 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "18.2% (2012)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "5.3% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.14 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.4 beds/1,000 population (2006)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 91% of population; rural: 68% of population; total: 80% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 9% of population; rural: 32% of population; total: 20% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 36% of population; rural: 11% of population; total: 24% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 64% of population; rural: 89% of population; total: 76% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "3.4% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "450,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "36,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies", - "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis", - "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "6.2% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "29.4% (2007)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "4.6% of GDP (2008)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "56.9%", - "male": "65.6%", - "female": "47.6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "6 years", - "male": "8 years", - "female": "5 years (2000)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "1,796,802", - "percentage": "35 % (2006 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Cote d'Ivoire", - "conventional_short_form": "Cote d'Ivoire", - "local_long_form": "Republique de Cote d'Ivoire", - "local_short_form": "Cote d'Ivoire", - "note": "pronounced coat-div-whar", - "former": "Ivory Coast" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic; multiparty presidential regime established 1960" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Yamoussoukro", - "geographic_coordinates": "6 49 N, 5 16 W", - "time_difference": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "note": "although Yamoussoukro has been the official capital since 1983, Abidjan remains the commercial and administrative center; the US, like other countries, maintains its Embassy in Abidjan" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "19 regions; Agneby, Bafing, Bas-Sassandra, Denguele, Dix-Huit Montagnes, Fromager, Haut-Sassandra, Lacs, Lagunes, Marahoue, Moyen-Cavally, Moyen-Comoe, N'zi-Comoe, Savanes, Sud-Bandama, Sud-Comoe, Vallee du Bandama, Worodougou, Zanzan" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "7 August 1960 (from France)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 7 August (1960)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "approved by referendum 23 July 2000" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system based on the French civil code; judicial review in the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction under Article 12(3)of the Rome Statute" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Alassane Dramane OUATTARA (since 4 December 2010)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Daniel Kablan DUNCAN (since 21 November 2012)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); election last held on 31 October and 28 November 2010 (next to be held in 2015); prime minister appointed by the president", - "election_results": "Alassane OUATTARA elected president; percent of vote - Alassane OUATTARA 54.1%, Laurent GBAGBO 45.9%; note - President OUATTARA was declared winner by the election commission and took the oath of office on 4 December, Prime Minister SORO resigned from the incumbent administration and was subsequently appointed to the same position by OUATTARA; former president GBAGBO refused to cede resulting in a 5-month stand-off, he was finally forced to stand down in April 2011" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (225 seats; members elected in single- and multi-district elections by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "elections last held on 11 December 2011 (next to be held in 2016)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - RDR 42.1%, PDCI 28.6%, UDPCI 3.1%, RDP 1.7%, other 24.5% ; seats by party - RDR 127, PDCI 76, UDPCI 7, RDP 4, other 4, independents 39" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (organized into Judicial, Audit, Constitutional, and Administrative Chambers; consists of the court president, 3 vice-presidents for the Judicial, Audit, and Administrative chambers, and 9 associate justices or magistrates) note - recommendations for reform of the country's judicial system were announced in April 2012", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges nominated by the Superior Council of the Magistrature, a 7-member body consisting of the national president (chairman), 3 \"Bench\" judges, and 3 public prosecutors; judges appointed for life", - "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal (organized into civil, criminal, and social chambers); first instance courts; peace courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Citizen's Democratic Union or UDCY [Theodore MEL EG]; Democratic Liberty for the Republic or LIDER [Mamadou KOULIBALY]; Democratic Party of Cote d'Ivoire or PDCI [Henri Konan BEDIE]; Freedom and Democracy for the Republic or LIBRE [Mamadou KOULIBALY]; Ivorian Popular Front or FPI [Miaka OURETO]; Ivorian Worker's Party or PIT [Francois KOUABLAN]; Opposition Movement of the Future or MFA [Innocent Augustin ANAKY]; Rally of the Republicans or RDR [Alassane OUATTARA]; Union for Democracy and Peace in Cote d'Ivoire or UDPCI [Toikeuse MABRI]; over 144 smaller registered parties" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Federation of University and High School Students of Cote d'Ivoire or FESCI [Serges KOFFI]; National Congress for the Resistance and Democracy or CNRD [Bernard DADIE]; Rally of Houphouetists for Democracy and Peace or RHDP [Alphonse DJEDJE MADY]; Young Patriots [Charles BLE GOUDE]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (candidate country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Daouda DIABATE", - "chancery": "2424 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 797-0300", - "fax": "[1] (202) 462-9444" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Philip CARTER III", - "embassy": "Cocody Riviera Golf 01, Abidjan", - "mailing_address": "B. P. 1712, Abidjan 01", - "telephone": "[225] 22 49 40 00", - "fax": "[225] 22 49 43 32" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal vertical bands of orange (hoist side), white, and green; orange symbolizes the land (savannah) of the north and fertility, white stands for peace and unity, green represents the forests of the south and the hope for a bright future", - "note": "similar to the flag of Ireland, which is longer and has the colors reversed - green (hoist side), white, and orange; also similar to the flag of Italy, which is green (hoist side), white, and red; design was based on the flag of France" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "elephant" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"L'Abidjanaise\" (Song of Abidjan)", - "lyrics_music": "Mathieu EKRA, Joachim BONY, and Pierre Marie COTY/Pierre Marie COTY and Pierre Michel PANGO", - "note": "adopted 1960; although the nation's capital city moved from Abidjan to Yamoussoukro in 1983, the anthem still owes its name to the former capital" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Cote d'Ivoire is heavily dependent on agriculture and related activities, which engage roughly 68% of the population. Cote d'Ivoire is the world's largest producer and exporter of cocoa beans and a significant producer and exporter of coffee and palm oil. Consequently, the economy is highly sensitive to fluctuations in international prices for these products, and, to a lesser extent, in climatic conditions. Cocoa, oil, and coffee are the country's top export revenue earners, but the country is also producing gold. Since the end of the civil war in 2003, political turmoil has continued to damage the economy, resulting in the loss of foreign investment and slow economic growth. In late 2011, Cote d'Ivoire's economy began to recover from a severe downturn of the first quarter of the year that was caused by widespread post-election fighting. In June 2012, the IMF and the World Bank announced $4.4 billion in debt relief for Cote d'Ivoire under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries Initiative. Cote d'Ivoire's long-term challenges include political instability and degrading infrastructure." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$41.01 billion (2012 est.); $37.34 billion (2011 est.); $39.19 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$24.63 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "9.8% (2012 est.); -4.7% (2011 est.); 2.4% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$1,800 (2012 est.); $1,600 (2011 est.); $1,800 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "74.2%", - "government_consumption": "8.4%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "15%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "42.1%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-39.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "26.6%", - "industry": "21.8%", - "services": "51.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "coffee, cocoa beans, bananas, palm kernels, corn, rice, cassava (manioc), sweet potatoes, sugar, cotton, rubber; timber" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "foodstuffs, beverages; wood products, oil refining, gold mining, truck and bus assembly, textiles, fertilizer, building materials, electricity" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "10% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "8.188 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "68%", - "industry_and_services": "NA% (2007 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "42% (2006 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.2%", - "highest_10%": "31.8% (2008)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "41.5 (2008); 36.7 (1995)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$5.002 billion", - "expenditures": "$6.062 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "20.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-4.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "43.7% of GDP (2012 est.); 71.2% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "1.3% (2012 est.); 5.1% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "4.25% (31 December 2010 est.); 4.25% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "4% (31 December 2012 est.); 4.3% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$7.525 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.198 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$11.01 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $9.065 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$6.708 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.671 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$6.288 billion (31 December 2011); $7.099 billion (31 December 2010); $6.141 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$1.08 billion (2012 est.); -$257.3 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$12.25 billion (2012 est.); $11.47 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "cocoa, coffee, timber, petroleum, cotton, bananas, pineapples, palm oil, fish" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 10.1%, Netherlands 9%, Germany 8.7%, Nigeria 7.4%, France 5.8%, Canada 4.4% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$8.589 billion (2012 est.); $7.916 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "fuel, capital equipment, foodstuffs" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Nigeria 18.9%, France 14.8%, China 9.9%, India 5.2% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$3.928 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.316 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$8.145 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $12.01 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -; 510.29 (2012 est.); 471.87 (2011 est.); 495.28 (2010 est.); 472.19 (2009); 447.81 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "5.533 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "3.576 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "484 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "1.222 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "50.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "49.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "45,000 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "46,340 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "70,610 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "250 million bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "70,870 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "24,630 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "49,810 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "3,101 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "1.6 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "1.6 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "28.32 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "5.936 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "268,200 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "17.344 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "well-developed by African standards; telecommunications sector privatized in late 1990s and operational fixed-lines have increased since that time with two fixed-line providers operating over open-wire lines, microwave radio relay, and fiber-optics; 90% digitalized", - "domestic": "with multiple mobile-cellular service providers competing in the market, usage has increased sharply to roughly 80 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 225; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "2 state-owned TV stations; no private terrestrial TV stations, but satellite TV subscription service is available; 2 state-owned radio stations; some private radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ci" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "9,115 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "967,300 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "27 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "7", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "4 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "20", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "6", - "914_to_1_523_m": "11", - "under_914_m": "3 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "condensate 101 km; gas 256 km; oil 118 km; oil/gas/water 5 km; water 7 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "660 km", - "narrow_gauge": "660 km 1.000-m gauge", - "note": "an additional 622 km of this railroad extends into Burkina Faso (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "81,996 km", - "paved": "6,502 km", - "unpaved": "75,494 km", - "note": "includes intercity and urban roads; another 20,000 km of dirt roads are in poor condition and 150,000 km of dirt roads are impassable (2007)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "980 km (navigable rivers, canals, and numerous coastal lagoons) (2011)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Abidjan, San-Pedro", - "oil_gas_terminals": "Espoir Offshore Terminal" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Republican Forces of Cote d'Ivoire (Force Republiques de Cote d'Ivoire, FRCI): Army, Navy, Cote d'Ivoire Air Force (Force Aerienne de la Cote d'Ivoire)", - "note": "FRCI is the former Armed Forces of the New Forces (FAFN) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-25 years of age for compulsory and voluntary male and female military service; conscription is not enforced; voluntary recruitment of former rebels into the new national army is restricted to ages 22-29 (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "5,247,522", - "females_age_16_49": "5,047,901 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "3,360,087", - "females_age_16_49": "3,196,033 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "247,011", - "female": "242,958 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.5% of GDP (2009)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "disputed maritime border between Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "9,126 (Liberia) (2012)", - "idps": "40,000 - 80,000 (post-election conflict in 2010-2011, as well as civil war from 2002-2004; most pronounced in western and southwestern regions) (2011)", - "stateless_persons": "700,000 (2012); note - many Ivoirians have documentation problems; birth on Ivorian soil does not automatically result in citizenship; disputes over citizenship and the associated rights of the large population descended from migrants from neighboring countries is an ongoing source of tension and contributed to the country's 2002 civil war; some observers believe the government's mass naturalizations of thousands of people over the last couple of years is intended to boost its electoral support base" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "illicit producer of cannabis, mostly for local consumption; utility as a narcotic transshipment point to Europe reduced by ongoing political instability; while rampant corruption and inadequate supervision leave the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, the lack of a developed financial system limits the country's utility as a major money-laundering center (2008)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/cm-cameroon.json b/africa/cm-cameroon.json deleted file mode 100644 index 8a66df71..00000000 --- a/africa/cm-cameroon.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,612 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "French Cameroon became independent in 1960 as the Republic of Cameroon. The following year the southern portion of neighboring British Cameroon voted to merge with the new country to form the Federal Republic of Cameroon. In 1972, a new constitution replaced the federation with a unitary state, the United Republic of Cameroon. The country has generally enjoyed stability, which has permitted the development of agriculture, roads, and railways, as well as a petroleum industry. Despite slow movement toward democratic reform, political power remains firmly in the hands of President Paul BIYA." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Central Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "6 00 N, 12 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "475,440 sq km", - "land": "472,710 sq km", - "water": "2,730 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than California" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "4,591 km", - "border_countries": "Central African Republic 797 km, Chad 1,094 km, Republic of the Congo 523 km, Equatorial Guinea 189 km, Gabon 298 km, Nigeria 1,690 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "402 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "diverse, with coastal plain in southwest, dissected plateau in center, mountains in west, plains in north" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Fako 4,095 m (on Mt. Cameroon)" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, bauxite, iron ore, timber, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "13.04%", - "permanent_crops": "2.94%", - "other": "84.01% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "256.5 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "285.5 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.97 cu km/yr (23%/10%/68%)", - "per_capita": "58.9 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "volcanic activity with periodic releases of poisonous gases from Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun volcanoes", - "volcanism": "Mt. Cameroon (elev. 4,095 m), which last erupted in 2000, is the most frequently active volcano in West Africa; lakes in Oku volcanic field have released fatal levels of gas on occasion, killing some 1,700 people in 1986" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "waterborne diseases are prevalent; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; poaching; overfishing" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "sometimes referred to as the hinge of Africa; throughout the country there are areas of thermal springs and indications of current or prior volcanic activity; Mount Cameroon, the highest mountain in Sub-Saharan west Africa, is an active volcano" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Cameroonian(s)", - "adjective": "Cameroonian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Cameroon Highlanders 31%, Equatorial Bantu 19%, Kirdi 11%, Fulani 10%, Northwestern Bantu 8%, Eastern Nigritic 7%, other African 13%, non-African less than 1%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian 40%, Muslim 20%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "20,549,221 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "40% (male 4,151,140/female 4,076,797)", - "15_24_years": "20.3% (male 2,107,067/female 2,066,718)", - "25_54_years": "31.9% (male 3,317,740/female 3,240,609)", - "55_64_years": "4.3% (male 419,751/female 468,077)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.4% (male 319,597/female 381,725) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "85.8 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "79.8 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "16.7 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "19.7 years", - "male": "19.6 years", - "female": "19.8 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.04% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "31.93 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "11.51 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "52.1% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "3.23% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "YAOUNDE (capital) 2.432 million; Douala 2.053 million (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.9 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.84 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.01 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "19.4 (2004 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "690 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "58.51 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "62.92 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "53.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "55.02 years", - "male": "54.1 years", - "female": "55.95 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "4 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "23.4% (2011)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "5.1% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.19 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.3 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 95% of population; rural: 52% of population; total: 77% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 5% of population; rural: 48% of population; total: 23% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 58% of population; rural: 36% of population; total: 49% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 42% of population; rural: 64% of population; total: 51% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "5.3% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "610,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "37,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", - "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "10.3% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "16.6% (2006)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "3.2% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "71.3%", - "male": "78.3%", - "female": "64.8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "12 years", - "male": "12 years", - "female": "11 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "1,396,281", - "percentage": "31 % (2006 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Cameroon", - "conventional_short_form": "Cameroon", - "local_long_form": "Republique du Cameroun/Republic of Cameroon", - "local_short_form": "Cameroun/Cameroon", - "former": "French Cameroon, British Cameroon, Federal Republic of Cameroon, United Republic of Cameroon" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic; multiparty presidential regime" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Yaounde", - "geographic_coordinates": "3 52 N, 11 31 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "10 regions (regions, singular - region); Adamaoua, Centre, East (Est), Far North (Extreme-Nord), Littoral, North (Nord), North-West (Nord-Ouest), West (Ouest), South (Sud), South-West (Sud-Ouest)" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "1 January 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Republic Day (National Day), 20 May (1972)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "approved by referendum 20 May 1972; adopted 2 June 1972; revised January 1996; amended April 2008" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law, French civil law, and customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "20 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Paul BIYA (since 6 November 1982)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Philemon YANG (since 30 June 2009)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president from proposals submitted by the prime minister", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (with no term limits per 2008 constitutional amendment); election last held on 9 October 2011 (next to be held in October 2018); prime minister appointed by the president", - "election_results": "President Paul BIYA reelected; percent of vote - Paul BIYA 78.0%, John FRU NDI 10.7%, Garga Haman ADJI 3.2%, Adamou Ndam NJOYA 1.7%, Paul Abine AYAH 1.3%, other 5.1%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (180 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms); note - the president can either lengthen or shorten the term of the legislature", - "elections": "last held on 22 July 2007 (next to be held on 30 September 2013)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPDM 140, SDF 14, UDC 4, UNDP 4, MP 1, vacant 17", - "note": "the constitution calls for an upper chamber for the legislature, to be called a Senate, but it has yet to be established" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Cameroon (consists of 9 titular and 6 surrogate judges and organized into judicial, administrative, and audit chambers); Constitutional Council (consists of 11 members)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the president with the advice of the Higher Judicial Council of Cameroon (a body chaired by the president and includes the minister of justice, selected magistrates, and representatives of the National Assembly); judge term NA; Constitutional Council members appointed by the president for single 9-year terms", - "subordinate_courts": "Parliamentary Court of Justice (jurisdiction limited to cases involving the president and prime minister); appellate and first instance courts; circuit and magistrate's courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Cameroon People's Democratic Movement or CPDM [Paul BIYA]; Cameroon People's Party [Edith Kah WALLA]; Cameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou Ndam NJOYA]; Movement for the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA]; Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC [Marcel YONDO]; National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Maigari BELLO BOUBA]; Progressive Movement or MP; Social Democratic Front or SDF [John FRU NDI]; Union of Peoples of Cameroon or UPC [Augustin Frederic KODOCK]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Human Rights Defense Group [Albert MUKONG, president]; Southern Cameroon National Council [Ayamba Ette OTUN]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, C, CEMAC, EITI (candidate country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Joseph FOE-ATANGANA", - "chancery": "2349 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008; current temporary address - 3400 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 265-8790", - "fax": "[1] (202) 387-3826" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Robert P. JACKSON", - "embassy": "Avenue Rosa Parks, Yaounde", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 817, Yaounde; pouch: American Embassy, US Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2520", - "telephone": "[237] 2220 15 00; Consular: [237] 2220 16 03", - "fax": "[237] 2220 15 00 Ext. 4531; Consular FAX: [237] 2220 17 52", - "branch_offices": "Douala" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), red, and yellow, with a yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band; the vertical tricolor recalls the flag of France; red symbolizes unity, yellow the sun, happiness, and the savannahs in the north, and green hope and the forests in the south; the star is referred to as the \"star of unity\"", - "note": "uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "lion" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"O Cameroun, Berceau de nos Ancetres\" (O Cameroon, Cradle of Our Forefathers)", - "lyrics_music": "Rene Djam AFAME, Samuel Minkio BAMBA, Moise Nyatte NKO'O [French], Benard Nsokika FONLON [English]/Rene Djam AFAME", - "note": "adopted 1957; Cameroon's anthem, also known as \"Chant de Ralliement\" (The Rallying Song), has been used unofficially since 1948 and officially adopted in 1957; the anthem has French and English versions whose lyrics differ" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Because of its modest oil resources and favorable agricultural conditions, Cameroon has one of the best-endowed primary commodity economies in sub-Saharan Africa. Still, it faces many of the serious problems confronting other underdeveloped countries, such as stagnant per capita income, a relatively inequitable distribution of income, a top-heavy civil service, endemic corruption, and a generally unfavorable climate for business enterprise. Since 1990, the government has embarked on various IMF and World Bank programs designed to spur business investment, increase efficiency in agriculture, improve trade, and recapitalize the nation's banks. The IMF is pressing for more reforms, including increased budget transparency, privatization, and poverty reduction programs. Subsidies for electricity, food, and fuel have strained the budget. Cameroon recently began several large infrastructure projects, including a deep sea port in Kribi, a natural gas powered electricity generating plant, and several hydroelectric dams. Cameroon must attract more investment to improve its inadequate infrastructure, but its business environment is a deterrent to foreign investment." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$51.61 billion (2012 est.); $49.27 billion (2011 est.); $47.33 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$25.01 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "4.7% (2012 est.); 4.1% (2011 est.); 3.3% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$2,400 (2012 est.); $2,400 (2011 est.); $2,300 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "20.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 19.8% of GDP (2011 est.); 16.1% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "67.1%", - "government_consumption": "16.2%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "20.9%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "30.5%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-34.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "20.7%", - "industry": "27.7%", - "services": "51.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "coffee, cocoa, cotton, rubber, bananas, oilseed, grains, cassava (manioc); livestock; timber" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "petroleum production and refining, aluminum production, food processing, light consumer goods, textiles, lumber, ship repair" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "5.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "8.246 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "70%", - "industry": "13%", - "services": "17% (2001 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "30% (2001 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "48% (2000 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.3%", - "highest_10%": "35.4% (2001)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "44.6 (2001); 47.7 (1996)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$4.741 billion", - "expenditures": "$5.73 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "19% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "16% of GDP (2012 est.); 14.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 July - 30 June" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.9% (2012 est.); 2.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "4.25% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "14% (31 December 2012 est.); 14% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$3.484 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.514 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$6.279 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.66 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$2.758 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.523 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$230 million (31 December 2012 est.)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$946.4 million (2012 est.); -$1.365 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$6.025 billion (2012 est.); $5.488 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "crude oil and petroleum products, lumber, cocoa beans, aluminum, coffee, cotton" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "China 14.8%, Netherlands 9.5%, Spain 8.8%, India 8.4%, Portugal 7.9%, Italy 5.9%, US 5.3% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$6.559 billion (2012 est.); $6.06 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery, electrical equipment, transport equipment, fuel, food" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 18.9%, France 15%, Nigeria 12.1%, Belgium 5.2%, US 4.4%, India 4.2% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$3.431 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.245 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$3.208 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.074 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per dollar -; 510.53 (2012 est.); 471.87 (2011 est.); 495.28 (2010 est.); 472.19 (2009); 447.81 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "5.589 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "5.049 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "1.115 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "27.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "72.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "61,580 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "64,740 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "32,490 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "200 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "42,520 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "29,410 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "17,470 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "5,715 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "20 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "20 million cu m (2009 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "135.1 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "7.361 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "669,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "10.486 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "system includes cable, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter; Camtel, the monopoly provider of fixed-line service, provides connections for only about 3 per 100 persons; equipment is old and outdated, and connections with many parts of the country are unreliable", - "domestic": "mobile-cellular usage, in part a reflection of the poor condition and general inadequacy of the fixed-line network, has increased sharply, reaching a subscribership base of 50 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 237; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "government maintains tight control over broadcast media; state-owned Cameroon Radio Television (CRTV), broadcasting on both a TV and radio network, was the only officially recognized and fully licensed broadcaster until August 2007 when the government finally issued licenses to 2 private TV broadcasters and 1 private radio broadcaster; about 70 privately owned, unlicensed radio stations operating but are subject to closure at any time; foreign news services required to partner with state-owned national station (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".cm" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "10,207 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "749,600 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "33 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "11", - "over_3_047_m": "2", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "5", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "22", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "4", - "914_to_1_523_m": "10", - "under_914_m": "8 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 53 km; liquid petroleum gas 5 km; oil 1,107 km; water 35 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "1,245 km", - "narrow_gauge": "1,245 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "50,000 km", - "paved": "5,000 km", - "unpaved": "45,000 km", - "note": "there are 28,857 km of national roads (2008)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "(major rivers in the south, such as the Wouri and the Sanaga, are largely non-navigable; in the north, the Benue, which connects through Nigeria to the Niger River, is navigable in the rainy season only to the port of Garoua) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "river_ports": "Douala (Wouri); Garoua (Benoue)", - "oil_gas_terminals": "Limboh Terminal" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Cameroon Armed Forces (Forces Armees Camerounaises, FAC), Army (L'Armee de Terre), Navy (Marine Nationale Republique (MNR), includes naval infantry), Air Force (Armee de l'Air du Cameroun, AAC), Fire Fighter Corps, Gendarmerie (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-23 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription; high school graduation required; service obligation 4 years; the government makes periodic calls for volunteers (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "4,667,251", - "females_age_16_49": "4,548,909 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,794,998", - "females_age_16_49": "2,718,110 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "215,248", - "female": "211,636 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.3% of GDP (2009)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Joint Border Commission with Nigeria reviewed 2002 ICJ ruling on the entire boundary and bilaterally resolved differences, including June 2006 Greentree Agreement that immediately ceded sovereignty of the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon with a full phase-out of Nigerian control and patriation of residents in 2008; Cameroon and Nigeria agreed on maritime delimitation in March 2008; sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty, which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "91,378 (Central African Republic) (2013)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/cv-cape-verde.json b/africa/cv-cape-verde.json deleted file mode 100644 index 010868e9..00000000 --- a/africa/cv-cape-verde.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,574 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The uninhabited islands were discovered and colonized by the Portuguese in the 15th century; Cape Verde subsequently became a trading center for African slaves and later an important coaling and resupply stop for whaling and transatlantic shipping. Following independence in 1975, and a tentative interest in unification with Guinea-Bissau, a one-party system was established and maintained until multi-party elections were held in 1990. Cape Verde continues to exhibit one of Africa's most stable democratic governments. Repeated droughts during the second half of the 20th century caused significant hardship and prompted heavy emigration. As a result, Cape Verde's expatriate population is greater than its domestic one. Most Cape Verdeans have both African and Portuguese antecedents." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Western Africa, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Senegal" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "16 00 N, 24 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "4,033 sq km", - "land": "4,033 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than Rhode Island" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "965 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "measured from claimed archipelagic baselines", - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and erratic" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "steep, rugged, rocky, volcanic" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Mt. Fogo 2,829 m (a volcano on Fogo Island)" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "salt, basalt rock, limestone, kaolin, fish, clay, gypsum" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "11.66%", - "permanent_crops": "0.74%", - "other": "87.59% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "34.76 sq km (2004)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "0.3 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.02 cu km/yr (6%/1%/93%)", - "per_capita": "48.57 cu m/yr (2004)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "prolonged droughts; seasonal harmattan wind produces obscuring dust; volcanically and seismically active", - "volcanism": "Fogo (elev. 2,829 m), which last erupted in 1995, is Cape Verde's only active volcano" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "soil erosion; deforestation due to demand for wood used as fuel; water shortages; desertification; environmental damage has threatened several species of birds and reptiles; illegal beach sand extraction; overfishing" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location 500 km from west coast of Africa near major north-south sea routes; important communications station; important sea and air refueling site" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Cape Verdean(s)", - "adjective": "Cape Verdean" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Creole (mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Portuguese (official), Crioulo (a blend of Portuguese and West African words)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic (infused with indigenous beliefs), Protestant (mostly Church of the Nazarene)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "531,046 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "31.2% (male 83,355/female 82,503)", - "15_24_years": "21.8% (male 57,825/female 57,842)", - "25_54_years": "37.3% (male 95,970/female 102,217)", - "55_64_years": "4.5% (male 9,766/female 13,910)", - "65_years_and_over": "5.2% (male 10,416/female 17,242) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "53.5 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "45.3 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "8.2 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "12.2 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "23.5 years", - "male": "22.7 years", - "female": "24.4 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.41% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "20.96 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "6.22 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "62.6% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.12% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "PRAIA (capital) 132,000 (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.93 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.71 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.6 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.94 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "19.5", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2005 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "79 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "25.13 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "28.78 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "21.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "71.28 years", - "male": "69.05 years", - "female": "73.58 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.39 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "61.3% (2005)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "4.1% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.57 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "2.1 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 90% of population; rural: 85% of population; total: 88% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 10% of population; rural: 15% of population; total: 12% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 73% of population; rural: 43% of population; total: 61% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 27% of population; rural: 57% of population; total: 39% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.04% (2001 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "775 (2001)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "225 (as of 2001)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "10% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.6% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "84.9%", - "male": "89.7%", - "female": "80.3% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "13 years", - "male": "13 years", - "female": "13 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "1,948", - "percentage": "3 %", - "note": "data represents children ages 10-14 (2001 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Cape Verde", - "conventional_short_form": "Cape Verde", - "local_long_form": "Republica de Cabo Verde", - "local_short_form": "Cabo Verde" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Praia", - "geographic_coordinates": "14 55 N, 23 31 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-1 (4 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "22 municipalities (concelhos, singular - concelho); Boa Vista, Brava, Maio, Mosteiros, Paul, Porto Novo, Praia, Ribeira Brava, Ribeira Grande, Ribeira Grande de Santiago, Sal, Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina do Fogo, Santa Cruz, Sao Domingos, Sao Filipe, Sao Lourenco dos Orgaos, Sao Miguel, Sao Salvador do Mundo, Sao Vicente, Tarrafal, Tarrafal de Sao Nicolau" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "5 July 1975 (from Portugal)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 5 July (1975)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "25 September 1992; a major revision on 23 November 1995 substantially increased the powers of the president; a 1999 revision created the position of national ombudsman (Provedor de Justica)" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system of Portugal" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Jorge Carlos FONSECA (since 9 September 2011)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Jose Maria Pereira NEVES (since 1 February 2001)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 7 August 2011 with a second round runoff on 21 August 2011; prime minister nominated by the National Assembly and appointed by the president", - "election_results": "percent of vote (second round) - Jorge Carlos FONSECA 53.4%, Manuel Inocencio SOUSA 46.6%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (72 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 6 February 2011 (next to be held by 2016)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PAICV 38, MPD 32, UCID 2" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Justice (consists of the chief justice and at least 5 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges appointments - 1 by the president of the republic, 1 elected by the National Assembly, and the remainder by the Supreme Council of Magistrates, a 9-member independent body presided over by the chief justice and includes the high judicial inspector, 2 presidential appointees, 3 elected by the National Assembly, and 2 by their court peers; chief justice appointed by the president of the republic from among peers of the Supreme Court and in consultation with the Supreme Council of the Magistrates; judge tenure NA", - "subordinate_courts": "first instance (municipal) courts; audit, military, and fiscal and customs courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "African Party for Independence of Cape Verde or PAICV [Jose Maria Pereira NEVES, chairman]; Democratic and Independent Cape Verdean Union or UCID [Antonio MONTEIRO]; Democratic Christian Party or PDC [Manuel RODRIGUES]; Democratic Renovation Party or PRD [Victor FIDALGO]; Movement for Democracy or MPD [Carlos VEIGA]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO]; Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS [Anibal MEDINA]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Joao ALEM]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "other": "environmentalists; political pressure groups" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, CD, CPLP, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Maria De Fatima Lima Da VEIGA", - "chancery": "3415 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 965-6820", - "fax": "[1] (202) 965-1207", - "consulates_general": "Boston" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Adrienne O'NEAL", - "embassy": "Rua Abilio Macedo 6, Praia", - "mailing_address": "C. P. 201, Praia", - "telephone": "[238] 2-60-89-00", - "fax": "[238] 2-61-13-55" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "five unequal horizontal bands; the top-most band of blue - equal to one half the width of the flag - is followed by three bands of white, red, and white, each equal to 1/12 of the width, and a bottom stripe of blue equal to one quarter of the flag width; a circle of 10, yellow, five-pointed stars is centered on the red stripe and positioned 3/8 of the length of the flag from the hoist side; blue stands for the sea and the sky, the circle of stars represents the 10 major islands united into a nation, the stripes symbolize the road to formation of the country through peace (white) and effort (red)" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Cantico da Liberdade\" (Song of Freedom)", - "lyrics_music": "Amilcar Spencer LOPES/Adalberto Higino Tavares SILVA", - "note": "adopted 1996" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "The economy is service-oriented with commerce, transport, tourism, and public services accounting for about three-fourths of GDP. This island economy suffers from a poor natural resource base, including serious water shortages exacerbated by cycles of long-term drought and poor soil for agriculture on several of the islands. Although about 40% of the population lives in rural areas, the share of food production in GDP is low. About 82% of food must be imported. The fishing potential, mostly lobster and tuna, is not fully exploited. Cape Verde annually runs a high trade deficit financed by foreign aid and remittances from its large pool of emigrants; remittances supplement GDP by more than 20%. Despite the lack of resources, sound economic management has produced steadily improving incomes. Continued economic reforms are aimed at developing the private sector and attracting foreign investment to diversify the economy and mitigate high unemployment. Future prospects depend heavily on the maintenance of aid flows, the encouragement of tourism, remittances, and the momentum of the government's development program. Cape Verde became a member of the WTO in July 2008." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$2.214 billion (2012 est.); $2.123 billion (2011 est.); $2.02 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$1.899 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "4.3% (2012 est.); 5% (2011 est.); 5.2% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$4,200 (2012 est.); $4,100 (2011 est.); $3,900 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "23.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 21.4% of GDP (2011 est.); 25% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "66.6%", - "government_consumption": "18.9%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "34.2%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "44%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-63.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "10.1%", - "industry": "17.7%", - "services": "72.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "bananas, corn, beans, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, coffee, peanuts; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "food and beverages, fish processing, shoes and garments, salt mining, ship repair" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "196,100 (2007)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "21% (2000 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "30% (2000)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1.9%", - "highest_10%": "40.6% (2001)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$435.8 million", - "expenditures": "$588.4 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "22.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-8% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "86.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 78.1% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.5% (2012 est.); 4.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "7.5% (31 December 2010 est.); 7.5% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "9.9% (31 December 2012 est.); 9.81% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$976.2 million (31 December 2012 est.); $893.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$1.362 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.322 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$1.517 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.426 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$257.9 million (2012 est.); -$287.8 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$184 million (2012 est.); $211 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "fuel, shoes, garments, fish, hides" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Spain 66.6%, Portugal 13.9%, US 5% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$902 million (2012 est.); $1.06 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "foodstuffs, industrial products, transport equipment, fuels" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Portugal 38%, Netherlands 21.4%, China 7.9%, Spain 7% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$376 million (31 December 2012 est.); $339 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$1.136 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.025 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Cape Verdean escudos (CVE) per US dollar -; 85.822 (2012 est.); 79.323 (2011 est.); 83.259 (2010 est.); 79.38 (2009); 73.84 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "277 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "257.6 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "89,800 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "96.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "3.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "2,608 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "2,407 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "271,400 Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "74,500 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "396,400 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "effective system, extensive modernization from 1996-2000 following partial privatization in 1995", - "domestic": "major service provider is Cabo Verde Telecom (CVT); fiber-optic ring, completed in 2001, links all islands providing Internet access and ISDN services; cellular service introduced in 1998; broadband services launched in 2004", - "international": "country code - 238; landing point for the Atlantis-2 fiber-optic transatlantic telephone cable that provides links to South America, Senegal, and Europe; HF radiotelephone to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-run TV and radio broadcast network plus a growing number of private broadcasters; Portuguese public TV and radio services for Africa are available; transmissions of a few international broadcasters are available (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".cv" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "38 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "150,000 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "9 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "9", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", - "914_to_1_523_m": "3", - "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "1,350 km", - "paved": "932 km", - "unpaved": "418 km (2000)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "13", - "by_type": "cargo 3, chemical tanker 2, passenger/cargo 7, petroleum tanker 1", - "foreign_owned": "3 (Greece 1, Spain 1, UK 1)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "1 (unknown 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Porto Grande" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Armed Forces: Army (also called the National Guard, GN), Cape Verde Coast Guard (Guardia Costeira de Cabo Verde, GCCV; includes naval infantry) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-35 years of age for male and female selective compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years; 17 years of age for voluntary service (with parental consent) (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "132,087", - "females_age_16_49": "136,956 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "106,864", - "females_age_16_49": "117,518 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "6,029", - "female": "6,026 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.4% of GDP (2011)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "used as a transshipment point for Latin American cocaine destined for Western Europe, particularly because of Lusophone links to Brazil, Portugal, and Guinea-Bissau; has taken steps to deter drug money laundering, including a 2002 anti-money laundering reform that criminalizes laundering the proceeds of narcotics trafficking and other crimes and the establishment in 2008 of a Financial Intelligence Unit (2008)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/dj-djibouti.json b/africa/dj-djibouti.json deleted file mode 100644 index 3cebbddb..00000000 --- a/africa/dj-djibouti.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,588 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas became Djibouti in 1977. Hassan Gouled APTIDON installed an authoritarian one-party state and proceeded to serve as president until 1999. Unrest among the Afar minority during the 1990s led to a civil war that ended in 2001 with a peace accord between Afar rebels and the Somali Issa-dominated government. In 1999, Djibouti's first multiparty presidential elections resulted in the election of Ismail Omar GUELLEH as president; he was reelected to a second term in 2005 and extended his tenure in office via a constitutional amendment, which allowed him to begin a third term in 2011. Djibouti occupies a strategic geographic location at the intersection of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden and serves as an important shipping portal for goods entering and leaving the east African highlands and transshipments between Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. The government holds longstanding ties to France, which maintains a significant military presence in the country, and has strong ties with the United States. Djibouti hosts several thousand members of US armed services at US-run Camp Lemonnier." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "11 30 N, 43 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "23,200 sq km", - "land": "23,180 sq km", - "water": "20 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Massachusetts" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "516 km", - "border_countries": "Eritrea 109 km, Ethiopia 349 km, Somalia 58 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "314 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "desert; torrid, dry" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Lac Assal -155 m", - "highest_point": "Moussa Ali 2,028 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "potential geothermal power, gold, clay, granite, limestone, marble, salt, diatomite, gypsum, pumice, petroleum" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "0.09%", - "permanent_crops": "0%", - "other": "99.91% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "10.12 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "0.3 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.02 cu km/yr (84%/0%/16%)", - "per_capita": "24.84 cu m/yr (2000)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods", - "volcanism": "experiences limited volcanic activity; Ardoukoba (elev. 298 m) last erupted in 1978; Manda-Inakir, located along the Ethiopian border, is also historically active" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "inadequate supplies of potable water; limited arable land; desertification; endangered species" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia; mostly wasteland; Lac Assal (Lake Assal) is the lowest point in Africa and the saltiest lake in the world" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Djiboutian(s)", - "adjective": "Djiboutian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Somali 60%, Afar 35%, other 5% (includes French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim 94%, Christian 6%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "792,198 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "33.6% (male 133,401/female 132,836)", - "15_24_years": "22% (male 82,174/female 92,321)", - "25_54_years": "36.3% (male 119,588/female 167,711)", - "55_64_years": "4.6% (male 17,416/female 19,269)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.5% (male 12,352/female 15,130) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "60.5 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "54.1 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.4 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "15.7 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "22.4 years", - "male": "20.8 years", - "female": "23.7 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.26% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "24.5 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "7.96 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "6.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "77.1% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.96% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "DJIBOUTI (capital) 496,000 (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "0.89 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.72 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.92 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.82 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.86 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "200 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "51.77 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "59.2 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "44.11 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "61.99 years", - "male": "59.52 years", - "female": "64.52 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.55 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "17.8% (2006)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "7.2% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.23 physicians/1,000 population (2006)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.4 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 54% of population; total: 88% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 46% of population; total: 12% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 63% of population; rural: 10% of population; total: 50% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 37% of population; rural: 90% of population; total: 50% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "2.5% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "14,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "1,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_disease": "dengue fever", - "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "9.4% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "29.6% (2006)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "8.4% of GDP (2007)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "67.9%", - "male": "78%", - "female": "58.4% (2003 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "6 years", - "male": "6 years", - "female": "5 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "13,176", - "percentage": "8 % (2006 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Djibouti", - "conventional_short_form": "Djibouti", - "local_long_form": "Republique de Djibouti/Jumhuriyat Jibuti", - "local_short_form": "Djibouti/Jibuti", - "former": "French Territory of the Afars and Issas, French Somaliland" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Djibouti", - "geographic_coordinates": "11 35 N, 43 09 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "6 districts (cercles, singular - cercle); Ali Sabieh, Arta, Dikhil, Djibouti, Obock, Tadjourah" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "27 June 1977 (from France)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 27 June (1977)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "approved by referendum 4 September 1992; note - constitution allows for multiple parties" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system based primarily on the French civil code (as it existed in 1997), Islamic religious law (in matters of family law and successions), and customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Ismail Omar GUELLEH (since 8 May 1999)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Abdoulkader Kamil MOHAMED (since 1 April 2013)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers responsible to the president", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; president is eligible to hold office until age 75; election last held on 8 April 2011 (next to be held by 2016); prime minister appointed by the president", - "election_results": "Ismail Omar GUELLEH reelected president for a third term; percent of vote - Ismail Omar GUELLEH 80.6%, Mohamed Warsama RAGUEH 19.4%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (65 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms); note - constitutional amendments in 2010 provided for the establishment of a senate", - "elections": "last held on 22 February 2013 (next to be held in 2018)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats - UMP (coalition of parties associated with President Ismail Omar GUELLEH) 49, USN 16" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of NA magistrates); Constitutional Council (consists of 6 magistrates)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court magistrates appointed by the president with the advice of the Superior Council of the Magistracy; magistrates appointed for life with retirement at age 65; Constitutional magistrates - 2 appointed by the president, 2 by the president of the National Assembly, and 2 by High Council of the Judiciary; magistrates appointed for 8-year, non-renewable terms", - "subordinate_courts": "High Court of Appeal; 5 Courts of First Instance; customary courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Democratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh]; Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]; Djibouti Development Party or PDD [Mohamed Daoud CHEHEM]; Front pour la Restauration de l'Unite Democratique or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD]; Movement for Development and Liberty or MODEL [Sheikh Guirreh MEIDAL]; People's Rally for Progress or RPP [Ismail Omar GUELLEH] (governing party); Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD [Moumin Bahdon FARAH]; Republican Alliance for Democracy or ARD [Ahmed YOUSSOUF]; Union for a Presidential Majority or UMP [Mohamed Dileita DILEITA] (a coalition of parties including RPP, FRUD, PND, and PPSD); Union for Democracy and Justice or UDJ; Union for National Salvation or USN (an umbrella coalition comprising PRD, PDD, MODEL, ARD, and UDJ)" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, CAEU (candidates), COMESA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Roble OLHAYE Oudine", - "chancery": "Suite 515, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 331-0270", - "fax": "[1] (202) 331-0302" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Geeta PASI", - "embassy": "Lot 350-B, Haramouss, Djibouti", - "mailing_address": "B. P. 185, Djibouti", - "telephone": "[253] 21 45 30 00", - "fax": "[253] 21 45 30 20" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a red five-pointed star in the center; blue stands for sea and sky and the Issa Somali people; green symbolizes earth and the Afar people; white represents peace; the red star recalls the struggle for independence and stands for unity" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Jabuuti\" (Djibouti)", - "lyrics_music": "Aden ELMI/Abdi ROBLEH", - "note": "adopted 1977" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Djibouti's economy is based on service activities connected with the country's strategic location and status as a free trade zone in the Horn of Africa. Three-fourths of Djibouti's inhabitants live in the capital city; the remainder are mostly nomadic herders. Scant rainfall limits crop production to small quantities of fruits and vegetables, and most food must be imported. Djibouti provides services as both a transit port for the region and an international transshipment and refueling center. Imports, exports, and re-exports - primarily of coffee from landlocked neighbor Ethiopia - represent 70% of port activity at Djibouti's container terminal. Djibouti has few natural resources and little industry. The nation is, therefore, heavily dependent on foreign assistance to help support its balance of payments and to finance development projects. An unemployment rate of nearly 60% continues to be a major problem. While inflation is not a concern, due to the fixed tie of the Djiboutian franc to the US dollar, the artificially high value of the Djiboutian franc adversely affects Djibouti's balance of payments. Djibouti holds foreign reserves amounting to less than six months of import coverage. Per capita consumption dropped an estimated 35% between 1999 and 2006 because of recession, civil war, and a high population growth rate (including immigrants and refugees). Djibouti has experienced relatively minimal impact from the global economic downturn, but its reliance on diesel-generated electricity and imported food leave average consumers vulnerable to global price shocks. Djibouti in 2012 began construction of a third port to secure its position as a critical transshipment hub in the Horn of Africa and the principal conduit for Ethiopia's trade. Djibouti also received funding in late 2012 for a desalination plant to begin address the severe freshwater shortage affecting Djibouti City, and particularly its poorest residents." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$2.418 billion (2012 est.); $2.307 billion (2011 est.); $2.208 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$1.354 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "4.8% (2012 est.); 4.5% (2011 est.); 3.5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$2,700 (2012 est.); $2,700 (2011 est.); $2,600 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "13.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 16.1% of GDP (2011 est.); 34.4% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "58%", - "government_consumption": "25.2%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "31.1%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "39.3%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-54.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "3.1%", - "industry": "16.9%", - "services": "80% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "fruits, vegetables; goats, sheep, camels, animal hides" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "construction, agricultural processing" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "4.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "351,700 (2007)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "NA%", - "industry": "NA%", - "services": "NA%" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "59% (2007 est.)", - "note": "data are for urban areas, 83% in rural areas" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "42% (2007 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.4%", - "highest_10%": "30.9% (2002)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$465.9 million", - "expenditures": "$503 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "34.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-2.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "3.8% (2012 est.); 4.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "10% (31 December 2012 est.); 10.61% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$780.7 million (31 December 2012 est.); $692.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$1.158 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.008 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$473.1 million (31 December 2012 est.); $426.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$4.2 million (2012 est.); $33 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$87.1 million (2012 est.); $85 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "reexports, hides and skins, coffee (in transit)" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Somalia 78.4%, Egypt 5.3%, UAE 4%, Yemen 4% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$579.5 million (2012 est.); $510.6 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum products" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 24.4%, Saudi Arabia 16.1%, India 10.6%, Indonesia 7.3%, Pakistan 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$772.1 million (31 December 2012 est.); $767 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$510.6 million (31 December 2012 est.); $410.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Djiboutian francs (DJF) per US dollar -; 177.72 (2012 est.); 177.72 (2011 est.); 177.72 (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "350 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "325.5 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "130,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "12,460 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "19.18 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "7,987 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "2.352 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "18,400 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "193,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "telephone facilities in the city of Djibouti are adequate, as are the microwave radio relay connections to outlying areas of the country", - "domestic": "Djibouti Telecom is the sole provider of telecommunications services and utilizes mostly a microwave radio relay network; fiber-optic cable is installed in the capital; rural areas connected via wireless local loop radio systems; mobile cellular coverage is primarily limited to the area in and around Djibouti city", - "international": "country code - 253; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 and EASSy fiber-optic submarine cable systems providing links to Asia, the Middle East, Europe and North America; satellite earth stations - 2 (1 Intelsat - Indian Ocean and 1 Arabsat); Medarabtel regional microwave radio relay telephone network (2009)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-owned Radiodiffusion-Television de Djibouti (RTD) operates the sole terrestrial TV station as well as the only 2 domestic radio networks; no private TV or radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".dj" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "215 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "25,900 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "13 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "3", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "10", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "7", - "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "100 km (Djibouti segment of the 781 km Addis Ababa-Djibouti railway)", - "narrow_gauge": "100 km 1.000-m gauge", - "note": "railway is under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia but is largely inoperable (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "3,065 km", - "paved": "1,226 km", - "unpaved": "1,839 km (2000)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Djibouti" - }, - "transportation_note": { - "text": "while attacks decreased significantly in 2012, the International Maritime Bureau reports offshore waters in the Gulf of Aden remain a high risk for piracy; the presence of several naval task forces in the Gulf of Aden and additional anti-piracy measures on the part of ship operators, including the use of on-board armed security teams, contributed to the drop in incidents" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Djibouti Armed Forces (Forces Armees Djiboutiennes, FAD): Djibouti National Army (includes Navy, Djiboutian Air Force (Force Aerienne Djiboutienne, FAD), National Gendarmerie (GN)) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; 16-25 years of age for voluntary military training; no conscription (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "170,386", - "females_age_16_49": "221,411 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "114,557", - "females_age_16_49": "154,173 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "8,360", - "female": "8,602 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "3.6% of GDP (2011)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Djibouti maintains economic ties and border accords with \"Somaliland\" leadership while maintaining some political ties to various factions in Somalia; Kuwait is chief investor in the 2008 restoration and upgrade of the Ethiopian-Djibouti rail link; in 2008, Eritrean troops moved across the border on Ras Doumera peninsula and occupied Doumera Island with undefined sovereignty in the Red Sea" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "18,725 (Somalia) (2013)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Djibouti is a transit, source, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; economic migrants from East Africa en route to Yemen and other Middle East locations are vulnerable to exploitation in Djibouti; some woman and girls may be forced into domestic servitude or prostitution after reaching Djibouti City, the Ethiopian-Djiboutian trucking corridor, or Obock - the main crossing point into Yemen; Djiboutian and foreign children may be forced to beg, to work as domestic servants, or to commit theft and other petty crimes", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Djibouti does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; outside of child prostitution, the government fails to investigate or prosecute any other trafficking offenses, including those allegedly committed by complicit officials; it has made no attempt to implement the protection or prevention components of its anti-trafficking law, and its working group on trafficking was inactive in 2012; a draft national action plan against human trafficking remains incomplete (2013)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/dz-algeria.json b/africa/dz-algeria.json deleted file mode 100644 index b99b912d..00000000 --- a/africa/dz-algeria.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,624 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "After more than a century of rule by France, Algerians fought through much of the 1950s to achieve independence in 1962. Algeria's primary political party, the National Liberation Front (FLN), was established in 1954 as part of the struggle for independence and has largely dominated politics since. The Government of Algeria in 1988 instituted a multi-party system in response to public unrest, but the surprising first round success of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) in the December 1991 balloting led the Algerian army to intervene and postpone the second round of elections to prevent what the secular elite feared would be an extremist-led government from assuming power. The army began a crackdown on the FIS that spurred FIS supporters to begin attacking government targets. Fighting escalated into an insurgency, which saw intense violence from 1992-98, resulting in over 100,000 deaths - many attributed to indiscriminate massacres of villagers by extremists. The government gained the upper hand by the late-1990s, and FIS's armed wing, the Islamic Salvation Army, disbanded in January 2000. Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA, with the backing of the military, won the presidency in 1999 in an election widely viewed as fraudulent. He was reelected to a second term in 2004 and overwhelmingly won a third term in 2009, after the government amended the constitution in 2008 to remove presidential term limits. Longstanding problems continue to face BOUTEFLIKA, including large-scale unemployment, a shortage of housing, unreliable electrical and water supplies, government inefficiencies and corruption, and the continuing activities of extremist militants. The Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC) in 2006 merged with al-Qa'ida to form al-Qa'ida in the Lands of the Islamic Maghreb, which has launched an ongoing series of kidnappings and bombings targeting the Algerian Government and Western interests. The government in 2011 introduced some political reforms in response to the Arab Spring, including lifting the 19-year-old state of emergency restrictions and increasing women's quotas for elected assemblies. Parliamentary elections in May 2012 and municipal and provincial elections in November 2012 saw continued dominance by the FLN, with Islamist opposition parties performing poorly. Political protest activity in the country remained low in 2012, but small, sometimes violent socioeconomic demonstrations by disparate groups continued to be a common occurrence. Parliament in 2013 is expected to revise the constitution." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Morocco and Tunisia" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "28 00 N, 3 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "2,381,741 sq km", - "land": "2,381,741 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Texas" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "6,343 km", - "border_countries": "Libya 982 km, Mali 1,376 km, Mauritania 463 km, Morocco 1,559 km, Niger 956 km, Tunisia 965 km, Western Sahara 42 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "998 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_fishing_zone": "32-52 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly high plateau and desert; some mountains; narrow, discontinuous coastal plain" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Chott Melrhir -40 m", - "highest_point": "Tahat 3,003 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead, zinc" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "3.15%", - "permanent_crops": "0.38%", - "other": "96.46% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "5,694 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "11.67 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "5.72 cu km/yr (26%/16%/58%)", - "per_capita": "182 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mudslides and floods in rainy season" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming practices; desertification; dumping of raw sewage, petroleum refining wastes, and other industrial effluents is leading to the pollution of rivers and coastal waters; Mediterranean Sea, in particular, becoming polluted from oil wastes, soil erosion, and fertilizer runoff; inadequate supplies of potable water" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "largest country in Africa" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Algerian(s)", - "adjective": "Algerian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1%", - "note": "although almost all Algerians are Berber in origin (not Arab), only a minority identify themselves as Berber, about 15% of the total population; these people live mostly in the mountainous region of Kabylie east of Algiers; the Berbers are also Muslim but identify with their Berber rather than Arab cultural heritage; Berbers have long agitated, sometimes violently, for autonomy; the government is unlikely to grant autonomy but has offered to begin sponsoring teaching Berber language in schools" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Arabic (official), French (lingua franca), Berber dialects: Kabylie Berber (Tamazight), Chaouia Berber (Tachawit), Mzab Berber, Tuareg Berber (Tamahaq)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Sunni Muslim (state religion) 99%, Christian and Jewish 1%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "38,087,812 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "28.1% (male 5,470,088/female 5,216,139)", - "15_24_years": "18.1% (male 3,536,416/female 3,371,819)", - "25_54_years": "42.7% (male 8,213,802/female 8,035,509)", - "55_64_years": "6% (male 1,172,528/female 1,128,015)", - "65_years_and_over": "5.1% (male 890,312/female 1,053,184) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "47.9 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "41.1 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.8 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "14.7 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "27 years", - "male": "26.7 years", - "female": "27.2 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.9% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "24.25 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "4.31 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "73% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.49% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "ALGIERS (capital) 2.916 million; Oran 770,000 (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.84 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.03 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "97 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "22.57 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "24.4 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "20.64 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "76.18 years", - "male": "74.95 years", - "female": "77.47 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.78 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "61.4% (2006)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "4.2% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.21 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.7 beds/1,000 population (2004)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 85% of population; rural: 79% of population; total: 83% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 15% of population; rural: 21% of population; total: 17% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 88% of population; total: 95% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 12% of population; total: 5% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.1%; note - no country specific models provided (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "18,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "16% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "3.7% (2005)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "4.3% of GDP (2008)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "72.6%", - "male": "81.3%", - "female": "63.9% (2006 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "14 years", - "male": "14 years", - "female": "14 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "304,358", - "percentage": "5 % (2006 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "21.5%", - "male": "18.7%", - "female": "37.5% (2010)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "People's Democratic Republic of Algeria", - "conventional_short_form": "Algeria", - "local_long_form": "Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Sha'biyah", - "local_short_form": "Al Jaza'ir" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Algiers", - "geographic_coordinates": "36 45 N, 3 03 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "48 provinces (wilayat, singular - wilaya); Adrar, Ain Defla, Ain Temouchent, Alger, Annaba, Batna, Bechar, Bejaia, Biskra, Blida, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Bouira, Boumerdes, Chlef, Constantine, Djelfa, El Bayadh, El Oued, El Tarf, Ghardaia, Guelma, Illizi, Jijel, Khenchela, Laghouat, Mascara, Medea, Mila, Mostaganem, M'Sila, Naama, Oran, Ouargla, Oum el Bouaghi, Relizane, Saida, Setif, Sidi Bel Abbes, Skikda, Souk Ahras, Tamanghasset, Tebessa, Tiaret, Tindouf, Tipaza, Tissemsilt, Tizi Ouzou, Tlemcen" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "5 July 1962 (from France)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Revolution Day, 1 November (1954)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "8 September 1963; revised 19 November 1976; effective 22 November 1976; revised several times" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of French civil law and Islamic law; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials including several Supreme Court justices" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA (since 28 April 1999)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Abdelmalek SELLAL (since 3 September 2012)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); election last held on 9 April 2009 (next to be held in April 2014)", - "election_results": "Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA reelected president for a third term; percent of vote - Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA 90.2%, Louisa HANOUNE 4.2%, Moussa TOUATI 2.3%, Djahid YOUNSI 1.4%, Ali Fawzi REBAINE less than 1%, Mohamed SAID less than 1%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Council of the Nation (upper house; 144 seats; one-third of the members appointed by the president, two-thirds elected by indirect vote to serve six-year terms; the constitution requires half the Council to be renewed every three years) and the National People's Assembly (lower house; 462 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "Council of the Nation - last held on 29 December 2012 (next to be held in December 2017); National People's Assembly - last held on 10 May 2012 (next to be held in 2017)", - "election_results": "Council of the Nation election of 29 December 2009 - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; National People's Assembly election of 10 May 2012 - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FLN 221, RND 70, AAV 47, FFS 21, PT 17, FNA 9, El Adala 7, MPA 6, PFJ 5, FC 4, PNSD 4, other 32, independents 19" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of 150 judges organized into four divisions: civil and commercial; social security and labor; criminal; and administrative; Constitutional Council (consists of 9 members including the court president) note - Algeria's judicial system does not include sharia courts", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the High Council of Magistracy, an administrative body presided over by the president of the republic, and includes the republic vice-president and several members; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Council members - 3 appointed by the president of the republic, 2 each by the two houses of the Parliament, 1 by the Supreme Court, and 1 by the Council of State; Council president and members appointed for single 6-year terms with half of the membership renewed every 3 years", - "subordinate_courts": "appellate or wilaya courts; first instance or daira tribunals" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Algerian National Front or FNA; Algerian Popular Movement or MPA; Front for Change or FC; Front for Justice and Development or El Adala; Green Algeria Alliance or AAV (includes Movement for National Reform, Islamic Renaissance Movement, and Movement of the Society of Peace or Hamas); Movement of the Society of Peace or MSP [Boudjerra SOLTANI]; National Democratic Rally (Rassemblement National Democratique) or RND [Ahmed OUYAHIA]; National Liberation Front or FLN [Abdelaziz BELKHADEM, secretary general]; National Party for Solidarity and Development or PNSD; National Reform Movement or Islah [Ahmed ABDESLAM] (see Green Algeria Alliance); New Dawn Party or PFJ; Oath of 54 or Ahd 54 [Ali Fawzi REBAINE]; Rally for Culture and Democracy or RCD [Said SADI]; Islamic Renaissance Movement or EnNahda Movement [Fatah RABEI]; Socialist Forces Front or FFS [Hocine AIT AHMED]; Workers Party or PT [Louisa HANOUNE]", - "note": "a law banning political parties based on religion was enacted in March 1997" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "The Algerian Human Rights League or LADDH [Mostefa BOUCHACHI]; SOS Disparus [Nacera DUTOUR]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BIS, CAEU, CD, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Abdallah BAALI", - "chancery": "2118 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 265-2800", - "fax": "[1] (202) 986-5906", - "consulates_general": "New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Henry S. ENSHER", - "embassy": "05 Chemin Cheikh Bachir, El-Ibrahimi, El-Biar 16030 Algiers", - "mailing_address": "B. P. 408, Alger-Gare, 16030 Algiers", - "telephone": "[213] 770-08-2000", - "fax": "[213] 770-08-2064" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and white; a red, five-pointed star within a red crescent centered over the two-color boundary; the colors represent Islam (green), purity and peace (white), and liberty (red); the crescent and star are also Islamic symbols, but the crescent is more closed than those of other Muslim countries because the Algerians believe the long crescent horns bring happiness" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "star and crescent; fennec fox" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Kassaman\" (We Pledge)", - "lyrics_music": "Mufdi ZAKARIAH/Mohamed FAWZI", - "note": "adopted 1962; ZAKARIAH wrote \"Kassaman\" as a poem while imprisoned in Algiers by French colonial forces" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Algeria's economy remains dominated by the state, a legacy of the country's socialist post-independence development model. In recent years the Algerian Government has halted the privatization of state-owned industries and imposed restrictions on imports and foreign involvement in its economy. Hydrocarbons have long been the backbone of the economy, accounting for roughly 60% of budget revenues, 30% of GDP, and over 95% of export earnings. Algeria has the 10th-largest reserves of natural gas in the world and is the sixth-largest gas exporter. It ranks 16th in oil reserves. Strong revenues from hydrocarbon exports have brought Algeria relative macroeconomic stability, with foreign currency reserves approaching $200 billion and a large budget stabilization fund available for tapping. In addition, Algeria's external debt is extremely low at about 2% of GDP. However, Algeria has struggled to develop non-hydrocarbon industries because of heavy regulation and an emphasis on state-driven growth. The government's efforts have done little to reduce high youth unemployment rates or to address housing shortages. A wave of economic protests in February and March 2011 prompted the Algerian Government to offer more than $23 billion in public grants and retroactive salary and benefit increases, moves which continue to weigh on public finances. Long-term economic challenges include diversifying the economy away from its reliance on hydrocarbon exports, bolstering the private sector, attracting foreign investment, and providing adequate jobs for younger Algerians." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$277.4 billion (2012 est.); $270.5 billion (2011 est.); $264.2 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$207.8 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.5% (2012 est.); 2.4% (2011 est.); 3.6% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$7,600 (2012 est.); $7,500 (2011 est.); $7,500 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "41.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 45.1% of GDP (2011 est.); 48.1% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "30.2%", - "government_consumption": "27%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "31.5%", - "investment_in_inventories": "3.5%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "36.5%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-28.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "8.9%", - "industry": "60.9%", - "services": "30.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "wheat, barley, oats, grapes, olives, citrus, fruits; sheep, cattle" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "11.31 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "14%", - "industry": "13.4%", - "construction_and_public_works": "10%", - "trade": "14.6%", - "government": "32%", - "other": "16% (2003 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "10.2% (2012 est.); 10% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "23% (2006 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.8%", - "highest_10%": "26.8% (1995)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "35.3 (1995)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$81.23 billion", - "expenditures": "$84.82 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "39.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-1.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "7.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 8.4% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover central government debt; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "8.9% (2012 est.); 4.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "4% (31 December 2010 est.); 4% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "8% (31 December 2012 est.); 8% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$98.36 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $93.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$150 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $130.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$4.031 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $8.659 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$19.95 billion (2012 est.); $19.7 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$71.81 billion (2012 est.); $72.88 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "petroleum, natural gas, and petroleum products 97%" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 16.1%, Spain 13.9%, Canada 10.4%, Netherlands 8.4%, France 8%, Brazil 5.6%, UK 5.1% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$48.27 billion (2012 est.); $44.89 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "capital goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "France 17.2%, China 11.5%, Spain 9.4%, Italy 9.1%, Germany 4.6% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$191.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $183.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$5.942 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.072 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$23.78 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $21.78 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$2.474 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.174 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Algerian dinars (DZD) per US dollar -; 77.536 (2012 est.); 72.938 (2011 est.); 74.386 (2010 est.); 72.65 (2009); 63.25 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "40.22 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "31.39 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "405 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "369 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "10.38 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "97.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "2.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "1.885 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "697,500 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "8,152 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "12.26 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "447,100 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "316,400 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "446,500 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "11,700 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "84.61 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "28.82 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "55.79 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "4.502 trillion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "110.9 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "3.059 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "35.616 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "privatization of Algeria's telecommunications sector began in 2000; three mobile cellular licenses have been issued and, in 2005, a consortium led by Egypt's Orascom Telecom won a 15-year license to build and operate a fixed-line network in Algeria; the license will allow Orascom to develop high-speed data and other specialized services and contribute to meeting the large unfulfilled demand for basic residential telephony; Internet broadband services began in 2003", - "domestic": "a limited network of fixed lines with a teledensity of less than 10 telephones per 100 persons has been offset by the rapid increase in mobile-cellular subscribership; in 2011, mobile-cellular teledensity was roughly 100 telephones per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 213; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-4 fiber-optic submarine cable system that provides links to Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; microwave radio relay to Italy, France, Spain, Morocco, and Tunisia; coaxial cable to Morocco and Tunisia; participant in Medarabtel; satellite earth stations - 51 (Intelsat, Intersputnik, and Arabsat) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-run Radio-Television Algerienne operates the broadcast media and carries programming in Arabic, Berber dialects, and French; use of satellite dishes is widespread, providing easy access to European and Arab satellite stations; state-run radio operates several national networks and roughly 40 regional radio stations (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".dz" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "676 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "4.7 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "157 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "64", - "over_3_047_m": "12", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "29", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "17", - "914_to_1_523_m": "5", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "93", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "18", - "914_to_1_523_m": "39", - "under_914_m": "34 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "3 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "condensate 2,600 km; gas 16,415 km; liquid petroleum gas 3,447 km; oil 7,036 km; refined products 144 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "3,973 km", - "standard_gauge": "2,888 km 1.435-m gauge (283 km electrified)", - "narrow_gauge": "1,085 km 1.055-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "113,655 km", - "paved": "87,605 km (includes 645 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "26,050 km (2010)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "38", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 6, cargo 8, chemical tanker 3, liquefied gas 11, passenger/cargo 3, petroleum tanker 4, roll on/roll off 3", - "foreign_owned": "15 (UK, 15) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Algiers, Annaba, Arzew, Bejaia, Djendjene, Jijel, Mostaganem, Oran, Skikda" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "People's National Army (Armee Nationale Populaire, ANP), Land Forces (Forces Terrestres, FT), Navy of the Republic of Algeria (Marine de la Republique Algerienne, MRA), Air Force (Al-Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Jaza'eriya, QJJ), Territorial Air Defense Force (2009)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "17 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; 19-30 years of age for compulsory service; conscript service obligation is 18 months (6 months basic training, 12 months civil projects) (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "10,273,129", - "females_age_16_49": "10,114,552 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "8,622,897", - "females_age_16_49": "8,626,222 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "342,895", - "female": "330,098 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "4.3% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Algeria and many other states reject Moroccan administration of Western Sahara; the Polisario Front, exiled in Algeria, represents the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic; Algeria's border with Morocco remains an irritant to bilateral relations, each nation accusing the other of harboring militants and arms smuggling; dormant disputes include Libyan claims of about 32,000 sq km still reflected on its maps of southeastern Algeria and the National Liberation Front's (FLN) assertions of a claim to Chirac Pastures in southeastern Morocco" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "90,000 (Western Saharan Sahrawi, mostly living in Algerian-sponsored camps in the southwestern Algerian town of Tindouf); 1,500 (Mali) (2013)", - "idps": "undetermined (civil war during 1990s) (2012)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Algeria is a transit and, to a lesser extent, a destination and source country for women, and, to a lesser extent, men subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; criminal networks, which sometimes extend to sub-Saharan Africa and to Europe, are involved in both human smuggling and trafficking; sub-Saharan adults enter Algeria voluntarily but illegally, often with the aid of smugglers, for onward travel to Europe, but some of the women are forced into prostitution; some Algerian women are also forced into prostitution; some sub-Saharan men, mostly from Mali, are forced into domestic servitude", - "tier_rating": "Tier 3 - Algeria does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government has not held any perpetrators of sex trafficking or forced labor accountable with jail time; some trafficking victims are treated as illegal migrants and are subject to arrest, detention, and deportation because authorities continue to confuse human trafficking and smuggling; the government has not developed or employed systematic procedures for identifying trafficking victims and referring them for protective services; no public awareness campaigns are conducted and no plan of action was developed to complement Algeria's anti-trafficking law (2013)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/eg-egypt.json b/africa/eg-egypt.json deleted file mode 100644 index 90c3d528..00000000 --- a/africa/eg-egypt.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,635 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The regularity and richness of the annual Nile River flood, coupled with semi-isolation provided by deserts to the east and west, allowed for the development of one of the world's great civilizations. A unified kingdom arose circa 3200 B.C., and a series of dynasties ruled in Egypt for the next three millennia. The last native dynasty fell to the Persians in 341 B.C., who in turn were replaced by the Greeks, Romans, and Byzantines. It was the Arabs who introduced Islam and the Arabic language in the 7th century and who ruled for the next six centuries. A local military caste, the Mamluks took control about 1250 and continued to govern after the conquest of Egypt by the Ottoman Turks in 1517. Completion of the Suez Canal in 1869 elevated Egypt as an important world transportation hub. Ostensibly to protect its investments, Britain seized control of Egypt's government in 1882, but nominal allegiance to the Ottoman Empire continued until 1914. Partially independent from the UK in 1922, Egypt acquired full sovereignty from Britain in 1952. The completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 and the resultant Lake Nasser have altered the time-honored place of the Nile River in the agriculture and ecology of Egypt. A rapidly growing population (the largest in the Arab world), limited arable land, and dependence on the Nile all continue to overtax resources and stress society. The government has struggled to meet the demands of Egypt's population through economic reform and massive investment in communications and physical infrastructure. Inspired by the 2010 Tunisian revolution, Egyptian opposition groups led demonstrations and labor strikes countrywide, culminating in President Hosni MUBARAK's ouster. Egypt's military assumed national leadership until a new parliament was in place in early 2012. That same year, Mohammed MURSI won the presidential election and a new constitution was affirmed. In July 2013, the military ousted MURSI and he was replaced by interim president Adly MANSOUR." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip, and the Red Sea north of Sudan, and includes the Asian Sinai Peninsula" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "27 00 N, 30 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "1,001,450 sq km", - "land": "995,450 sq km", - "water": "6,000 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly more than three times the size of New Mexico" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "2,665 km", - "border_countries": "Gaza Strip 11 km, Israel 266 km, Libya 1,115 km, Sudan 1,273 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "2,450 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "vast desert plateau interrupted by Nile valley and delta" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Qattara Depression -133 m", - "highest_point": "Mount Catherine 2,629 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, manganese, limestone, gypsum, talc, asbestos, lead, rare earth elements, zinc" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "2.87%", - "permanent_crops": "0.79%", - "other": "96.34% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "34,220 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "57.3 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "68.3 cu km/yr (8%/6%/86%)", - "per_capita": "973.3 cu m/yr (2000)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "periodic droughts; frequent earthquakes; flash floods; landslides; hot, driving windstorms called khamsin occur in spring; dust storms; sandstorms" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "agricultural land being lost to urbanization and windblown sands; increasing soil salination below Aswan High Dam; desertification; oil pollution threatening coral reefs, beaches, and marine habitats; other water pollution from agricultural pesticides, raw sewage, and industrial effluents; limited natural freshwater resources away from the Nile, which is the only perennial water source; rapid growth in population overstraining the Nile and natural resources" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "controls Sinai Peninsula, only land bridge between Africa and remainder of Eastern Hemisphere; controls Suez Canal, a sea link between Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Sea; size, and juxtaposition to Israel, establish its major role in Middle Eastern geopolitics; dependence on upstream neighbors; dominance of Nile basin issues; prone to influxes of refugees from Sudan and the Palestinian territories" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Egyptian(s)", - "adjective": "Egyptian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Egyptian 99.6%, other 0.4% (2006 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by educated classes" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim (mostly Sunni) 90%, Coptic 9%, other Christian 1%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "85,294,388 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "32.3% (male 14,100,807/female 13,474,763)", - "15_24_years": "18% (male 7,861,197/female 7,471,045)", - "25_54_years": "38.3% (male 16,565,411/female 16,072,992)", - "55_64_years": "6.6% (male 2,801,205/female 2,842,786)", - "65_years_and_over": "4.8% (male 1,844,456/female 2,259,726) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "58.5 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "49.4 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "9.1 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "10.9 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "24.8 years", - "male": "24.5 years", - "female": "25.2 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.88% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "23.79 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "4.79 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "43.5% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.04% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "CAIRO (capital) 11.169 million; Alexandria 4.387 million (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.82 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.03 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "22.9 (2008 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "66 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "23.3 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "24.83 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "21.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "73.19 years", - "male": "70.57 years", - "female": "75.93 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.9 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "60.3% (2008)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "4.7% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "2.83 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.7 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 99% of population; total: 99% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 1% of population; total: 1% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 97% of population; rural: 93% of population; total: 95% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 3% of population; rural: 7% of population; total: 5% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "less than 0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "11,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 500 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "intermediate", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", - "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds\r\n (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "33.1% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "6.8% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "3.8% of GDP (2008)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "73.9%", - "male": "81.7%", - "female": "65.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "12 years", - "male": "13 years", - "female": "12 years (2010)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "1,066,526", - "percentage": "7 % (2005 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "24.8%", - "male": "14.7%", - "female": "54.1% (2010)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Arab Republic of Egypt", - "conventional_short_form": "Egypt", - "local_long_form": "Jumhuriyat Misr al-Arabiyah", - "local_short_form": "Misr", - "former": "United Arab Republic (with Syria)" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Cairo", - "geographic_coordinates": "30 03 N, 31 15 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "27 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazat); Ad Daqahliyah, Al Bahr al Ahmar (Red Sea), Al Buhayrah, Al Fayyum, Al Gharbiyah, Al Iskandariyah (Alexandria), Al Isma'iliyah (Ismailia), Al Jizah (Giza), Al Minufiyah, Al Minya, Al Qahirah (Cairo), Al Qalyubiyah, Al Uqsur (Luxor), Al Wadi al Jadid (New Valley), As Suways (Suez), Ash Sharqiyah, Aswan, Asyut, Bani Suwayf, Bur Sa'id (Port Said), Dumyat (Damietta), Janub Sina' (South Sinai), Kafr ash Shaykh, Matruh, Qina, Shamal Sina' (North Sinai), Suhaj" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "28 February 1922 (from UK protectorate status; the revolution that began on 23 July 1952 led to a republic being declared on 18 June 1953 and all British troops withdrawn on 18 June 1956); note - it was ca. 3200 B.C. that the Two Lands of Upper (southern) and Lower (northern) Egypt were first united politically" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Revolution Day, 23 July (1952)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "new constitution passed by referendum 15-22 December 2012, signed by the president 26 December 2012 (suspended 3 July 2013 by the military)" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system based on Napoleonic civil law and Islamic religious law; judicial review by Supreme Court and Council of State (oversees validity of administrative decisions)" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "Interim President Adly MANSOUR (since July 2013)", - "head_of_government": "Interim Prime Minister Hazem el-BEBLAWI (since July 2013); Deputy Prime Ministers Hossam EISSA, Abdelfattah Said ELSISI, Lt. Gen., Ziad Bahaa EL-DIN", - "cabinet": "in an early January 2013 cabinet reshuffle, 10 new ministers were sworn in", - "elections": "presidential election (first round held on 23-24 May 2012; runoff held on 16-17 June 2012 (next election NA)", - "election_results": "percent of vote (first round) - Mohammed MURSI 24.3%, Ahmed SHAFIQ 23.3%, Hamdin SABAHI 20.4%, Abdul Moneim Aboul FOTOUH 17.2%, Amr MOUSSA 11.1%, other 3.7%; (runoff) - Mohammed MURSI 51.7%, Ahmed SHAFIQ 48.3%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral parliament consists of the Shura Council or Majlis al-Shura that traditionally functions mostly in a consultative role (at least 150 seats with up to one-tenth of body appointed by the president to serve six-year terms - as stated in the 2012 constitution); and the House of Representatives (at least 350 seats - as stated in the 2012 constitution; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "People's Assembly and Advisory Council elections last held between November and January 2012; elections for new House of Representatives announced for April or May 2013, but probably will be delayed pending decision by the Administrative Court; election for the Shura Council to be held within one year", - "note": "the Supreme Court on 14 June 2012 dissolved the People's Assembly", - "election_results": "Advisory Council - percent of vote by party - Democratic Alliance for Egypt 45%, Alliance for Egypt (Islamic Bloc) 28.6%, New Wafd Party 8.5%, Egyptian Bloc 5.4%, other 12.5%; seats by party - Democratic Alliance for Egypt 105, Alliance for Egypt (Islamic Bloc) 45, New Wafd Party 14, Egyptian Bloc 8, other 4, independents 4, presidential appointees 90; People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - Democratic Alliance for Egypt 37.5%, Alliance for Egypt (Islamic Bloc) 27.8%, New Wafd Party 9.2%, Egyptian Bloc 8.9%, Al-Wasat Party 3.7%, The Revolution Continues Alliance 2.8%, Reform and Development Party 2.2%, National Party of Egypt 1.6%, Freedom Party 1.9%, Egyptian Citizen Party 0.9%, other 3.5%; seats by party - Democratic Alliance of Egypt 235, Alliance for Egypt (Islamic Bloc) 123, New Wafd Party 38, Egyptian Bloc 35, Al-Wasat 10, Reform and Development Party 9, The Revolution Continues Alliance 8, National Party of Egypt 5, Egyptian Citizen Party 4, Freedom Party 4, independents 21, other 6, SCAF appointees 10" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Court of Cassation or Supreme Court (consists of the court president and NA judges); Supreme Constitutional Court or SCC (consists of the court president and 10 members)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Court of Cassation judge appointment and tenure NA; SCC judges appointed by the president of the republic; judge tenure NA;", - "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal; Courts of First Instance; courts of limited jurisdiction; Family Court (established in 2004)" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Alliance for Egypt (Islamic Bloc); Al Nour Party or Light Party; Al-Wasat Party; Constitution Party [Mohammed ELBARADEI]; Democratic Alliance for Egypt; Democratic Peace Party; Egyptian Citizen Party; Freedom Party; Nation Party [Hazem Abu ISMAIL]; National Party of Egypt; New Wafd Party; People's Party; Popular Current Party [Hamdin SABAHI]; Reform and Development Party; Revolution Continues Party; Strong Egypt Party [Abdel Aboul FOTOUH]; The Revolution Continues Alliance" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, BSEC (observer), CAEU, CD, CICA, COMESA, D-8, EBRD, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Mohamed M. TAWFIK", - "chancery": "3521 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 895-5400", - "fax": "[1] (202) 244-5131", - "consulates_general": "Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Ann W. PATTERSON", - "embassy": "5 Tawfik Diab St., Garden City, Cairo", - "mailing_address": "Unit 64900, Box 15, APO AE 09839-4900; 5 Tawfik Diab Street, Garden City, Cairo", - "telephone": "[20] (2) 2797-3300", - "fax": "[20] (2) 2797-3200" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black; the national emblem (a gold Eagle of Saladin facing the hoist side with a shield superimposed on its chest above a scroll bearing the name of the country in Arabic) centered in the white band; the band colors derive from the Arab Liberation flag and represent oppression (black), overcome through bloody struggle (red), to be replaced by a bright future (white)", - "note": "similar to the flag of Syria, which has two green stars in the white band, Iraq, which has an Arabic inscription centered in the white band, and Yemen, which has a plain white band" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "golden eagle" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Bilady, Bilady, Bilady\" (My Homeland, My Homeland, My Homeland)", - "lyrics_music": "Younis-al QADI/Sayed DARWISH", - "note": "adopted 1979; after the signing of the 1979 peace with Israel, Egypt sought to create an anthem less militaristic than its previous one; Sayed DARWISH, commonly considered the father of modern Egyptian music, composed the anthem" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Occupying the northeast corner of the African continent, Egypt is bisected by the highly fertile Nile valley, where most economic activity takes place. Egypt's economy was highly centralized during the rule of former President Gamal Abdel NASSER but opened up considerably under former Presidents Anwar EL-SADAT and Mohamed Hosni MUBARAK. Cairo from 2004 to 2008 aggressively pursued economic reforms to attract foreign investment and facilitate GDP growth. Despite the relatively high levels of economic growth in recent years, living conditions for the average Egyptian remained poor and contributed to public discontent. After unrest erupted in January 2011, the Egyptian Government backtracked on economic reforms, drastically increasing social spending to address public dissatisfaction, but political uncertainty at the same time caused economic growth to slow significantly, reducing the government's revenues. Tourism, manufacturing, and construction were among the hardest hit sectors of the Egyptian economy, and economic growth is likely to remain slow during the next several years. The government drew down foreign exchange reserves by more than 50% in 2011 and 2012 to support the Egyptian pound and the dearth of foreign financial assistance - as a result of unsuccessful negotiations with the International Monetary Fund over a multi-billion dollar loan agreement which have dragged on more than 20 months - could precipitate fiscal and balance of payments crises in 2013." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$548.8 billion (2012 est.); $536.9 billion (2011 est.); $527.6 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$256.7 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.2% (2012 est.); 1.8% (2011 est.); 5.1% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$6,700 (2012 est.); $6,700 (2011 est.); $6,700 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "14% of GDP (2012 est.); 13.8% of GDP (2011 est.); 16.9% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "79.3%", - "government_consumption": "11.6%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "16%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.8%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "18.6%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-26.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "14.7%", - "industry": "37.4%", - "services": "47.9% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "cotton, rice, corn, wheat, beans, fruits, vegetables; cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "textiles, food processing, tourism, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, hydrocarbons, construction, cement, metals, light manufactures" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "26.42 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "32%", - "industry": "17%", - "services": "51% (2001 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "13.5% (2012 est.); 12% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "20% (2005 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.9%", - "highest_10%": "27.6% (2005)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "34.4 (2001)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$50.08 billion", - "expenditures": "$77.69 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "19.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-10.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "88% of GDP (2012 est.); 84.3% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover central government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 July - 30 June" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "7.1% (2012 est.); 10.1% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "8.68% (31 December 2010 est.); 8.5% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "12% (31 December 2012 est.); 11.03% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$45.33 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $42.25 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$192.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $171.7 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$192.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $169.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$48.68 billion (31 December 2011); $82.49 billion (31 December 2010); $89.95 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$8.417 billion (2012 est.); -$6.521 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$26.83 billion (2012 est.); $27.91 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "crude oil and petroleum products, cotton, textiles, metal products, chemicals, processed food" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 8.2%, India 7%, Italy 6.7%, Saudi Arabia 6.3%, Germany 4.4%, France 4.2% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$59.72 billion (2012 est.); $56.13 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, wood products, fuels" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 11.9%, US 8%, Turkey 5.3%, Italy 5.1%, Germany 4.6%, Russia 4.4%, India 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$14.93 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $17.66 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$38.92 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $35 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$75.41 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $72.61 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$6.285 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.074 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Egyptian pounds (EGP) per US dollar -; 6.0625 (2012 est.); 5.9358 (2011 est.); 5.6219 (2010 est.); 5.545 (2009); 5.4 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "136.6 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "115.8 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "1.118 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "183 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "24.67 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "86.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "11.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "1.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "711,500 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "86,720 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "48,590 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "4.45 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "628,100 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "816,300 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "91,680 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "114,600 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "61.33 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "46.16 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "15.17 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "2.186 trillion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "196.5 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "8.714 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "83.425 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "underwent extensive upgrading during 1990s; principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay", - "domestic": "largest fixed-line system in the region; as of 2011 there were multiple mobile-cellular networks with a total of roughly 83 million subscribers", - "international": "country code - 20; landing point for Aletar, the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks, Link Around the Globe (FLAG) Falcon and FLAG FEA; satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean, 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat); tropospheric scatter to Sudan; microwave radio relay to Israel; a participant in Medarabtel (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "mix of state-run and private broadcast media; state-run TV operates 2 national and 6 regional terrestrial networks as well as a few satellite channels; about 20 private satellite channels and a large number of Arabic satellite channels are available via subscription; state-run radio operates about 70 stations belonging to 8 networks; 2 privately owned radio stations operational (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".eg" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "200,430 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "20.136 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "83 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "72", - "over_3_047_m": "15", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "36", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "15", - "under_914_m": "6 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "11", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", - "914_to_1_523_m": "4", - "under_914_m": "3 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "7 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "condensate 486 km; condensate/gas 74 km; gas 7,986 km; liquid petroleum gas 957 km; oil 5,225 km; oil/gas/water 37 km; refined products 895 km; water 65 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "5,083 km", - "standard_gauge": "5,083 km 1.435-m gauge (62 km electrified) (2009)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "137,430 km", - "paved": "126,742 km (includes 838 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "10,688 km (2010)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "3,500 km (includes the Nile River, Lake Nasser, Alexandria-Cairo Waterway, and numerous smaller canals in Nile Delta; the Suez Canal (193.5 km including approaches) is navigable by oceangoing vessels drawing up to 17.68 m) (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "67", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 16, cargo 20, container 3, passenger/cargo 7, petroleum tanker 12, roll on/roll off 9", - "foreign_owned": "13 (Denmark 1, France 1, Greece 8, Jordan 2, Lebanon 1)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "42 (Cambodia 4, Georgia 7, Honduras 2, Liberia 3, Malta 1, Marshall Islands 1, Moldova 5, Panama 11, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2, Saudi Arabia 1, Sierra Leone 3, unknown 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Mediterranean Sea - Alexandria, Damietta, El Dekheila, Port Said; Gulf of Suez - Suez", - "oil_gas_terminals": "Ain Sukhna terminal, Sidi Kerir terminal" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Army, Navy, Egyptian Air Force (Al-Quwwat al-Jawwiya il-Misriya), Egyptian Air Defense Command (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-30 years of age for male conscript military service; service obligation - 18-36 months, followed by a 9-year reserve obligation; voluntary enlistment possible from age 16 (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "21,012,199", - "females_age_16_49": "20,145,021 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "18,060,543", - "females_age_16_49": "17,244,838 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "783,405", - "female": "748,647 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "2.2% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Sudan claims but Egypt de facto administers security and economic development of Halaib region north of the 22nd parallel boundary; Egypt no longer shows its administration of the Bir Tawil trapezoid in Sudan on its maps; Gazan breaches in the security wall with Egypt in January 2008 highlight difficulties in monitoring the Sinai border; Saudi Arabia claims Egyptian-administered islands of Tiran and Sanafir" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "70,028 (West Bank and Gaza Strip); 12,124 (Sudan); 5,703 (Iraq) (2012); 111,424 (Syria); 7,957 (Somalia) (2013)", - "stateless_persons": "60 (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transit point for cannabis, heroin, and opium moving to Europe, Israel, and North Africa; transit stop for Nigerian drug couriers; concern as money laundering site due to lax enforcement of financial regulations" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/er-eritrea.json b/africa/er-eritrea.json deleted file mode 100644 index 3cfba717..00000000 --- a/africa/er-eritrea.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,585 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The UN established Eritrea as an autonomous region within the Ethiopian federation in 1952. Ethiopia's full annexation of Eritrea as a province 10 years later sparked a violent 30-year struggle for independence that ended in 1991 with Eritrean rebels defeating government forces. Eritreans overwhelmingly approved independence in a 1993 referendum. ISAIAS Afworki has been Eritrea's only president since independence; his rule, particularly since 2001, has been highly autocratic and repressive. His government has created a highly militarized society by pursuing an unpopular program of mandatory conscription into national service, sometimes of indefinite length. A two-and-a-half-year border war with Ethiopia that erupted in 1998 ended under UN auspices in December 2000. The Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission (EEBC) created in April 2003 was tasked \"to delimit and demarcate the colonial treaty border based on pertinent colonial treaties (1900, 1902, and 1908) and applicable international law.\" Eritrea for several years hosted a UN peacekeeping operation that monitored a 25 km-wide Temporary Security Zone. The EEBC on 30 November 2007 remotely demarcated the border, assigning the town of Badme to Eritrea, despite Ethiopia's maintaining forces there from the time of the 1998-2000 war. An increasingly hostile Eritrea insisted that the UN terminate its peacekeeping mission on 31 July 2008. Eritrea has accepted the EEBC's \"virtual demarcation\" decision and repeatedly called on Ethiopia to remove its troops. Ethiopia has not accepted the demarcation decision, and neither party has entered into meaningful dialogue to resolve the impasse. Eritrea is subject to several UN Security Council Resolutions (from 2009, 2011, and 2012) imposing various military and economic sanctions, in view of evidence that it has supported armed opposition groups in the region." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Djibouti and Sudan" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "15 00 N, 39 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "117,600 sq km", - "land": "101,000 sq km", - "water": "16,600 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than Pennsylvania" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,626 km", - "border_countries": "Djibouti 109 km, Ethiopia 912 km, Sudan 605 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "2,234 km (mainland on Red Sea 1,151 km, islands in Red Sea 1,083 km)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually, heaviest June to September); semiarid in western hills and lowlands" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "dominated by extension of Ethiopian north-south trending highlands, descending on the east to a coastal desert plain, on the northwest to hilly terrain and on the southwest to flat-to-rolling plains" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "near Kulul within the Danakil Depression -75 m", - "highest_point": "Soira 3,018 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "gold, potash, zinc, copper, salt, possibly oil and natural gas, fish" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "5.87%", - "permanent_crops": "0.02%", - "other": "94.12% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "215.9 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "6.3 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.58 cu km/yr (5%/0%/95%)", - "per_capita": "121.3 cu m/yr (2004)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "frequent droughts, rare earthquakes and volcanoes; locust swarms", - "volcanism": "Dubbi (elev. 1,625 m), which last erupted in 1861, was the country's only historically active volcano until Nabro (2,218 m) came to life on 12 June 2011" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation; desertification; soil erosion; overgrazing; loss of infrastructure from civil warfare" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic geopolitical position along world's busiest shipping lanes; Eritrea retained the entire coastline of Ethiopia along the Red Sea upon de jure independence from Ethiopia on 24 May 1993" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Eritrean(s)", - "adjective": "Eritrean" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "nine recognized ethnic groups: Tigrinya 55%, Tigre 30%, Saho 4%, Kunama 2%, Rashaida 2%, Bilen 2%, other (Afar, Beni Amir, Nera) 5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Tigrinya (official), Arabic (official), English (official), Tigre, Kunama, Afar, other Cushitic languages" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim, Coptic Christian, Roman Catholic, Protestant" - }, - "population": { - "text": "6,233,682 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "41.3% (male 1,292,544/female 1,279,523)", - "15_24_years": "20% (male 623,797/female 625,527)", - "25_54_years": "31.2% (male 963,635/female 982,786)", - "55_64_years": "3.8% (male 99,755/female 136,557)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.7% (male 100,332/female 129,226) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "83.2 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "79.1 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "4.1 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "24.1 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "18.9 years", - "male": "18.6 years", - "female": "19.3 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.36% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "31.39 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "7.78 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "21.3% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "5.01% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "ASMARA (capital) 649,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.73 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.79 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "20.6 (2002 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "240 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "39.38 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "44.63 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "33.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "63.19 years", - "male": "61.04 years", - "female": "65.4 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "4.25 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "8% (2002)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "2.7% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.05 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.7 beds/1,000 population (2011)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 74% of population; rural: 57% of population; total: 61% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 26% of population; rural: 43% of population; total: 39% of population (2008 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 52% of population; rural: 4% of population; total: 14% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 48% of population; rural: 96% of population; total: 86% of population (2008 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.8% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "25,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "1,700 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "1.5% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "34.5% (2002)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "2.1% of GDP (2006)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "68.9%", - "male": "79.5%", - "female": "59% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "5 years", - "male": "5 years", - "female": "4 years (2010)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "State of Eritrea", - "conventional_short_form": "Eritrea", - "local_long_form": "Hagere Ertra", - "local_short_form": "Ertra", - "former": "Eritrea Autonomous Region in Ethiopia" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "transitional government", - "note": "following a successful referendum on independence for the Autonomous Region of Eritrea on 23-25 April 1993, a National Assembly, composed entirely of the People's Front for Democracy and Justice or PFDJ, was established as a transitional legislature and a Constitutional Commission was established to draft a constitution; ISAIAS Afworki was named president by the transitional legislature; the constitution, ratified in May 1997, did not enter into effect, pending parliamentary and presidential elections; parliamentary elections were scheduled in December 2001 but were postponed indefinitely; currently the PFDJ is the sole legal party and controls all national, regional, and local political offices" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Asmara (Asmera)", - "geographic_coordinates": "15 20 N, 38 56 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "6 regions (zobatat, singular - zoba); Anseba, Debub (South), Debubawi K'eyih Bahri (Southern Red Sea), Gash Barka, Ma'akel (Central), Semenawi Keyih Bahri (Northern Red Sea)" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "24 May 1993 (from Ethiopia)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 24 May (1993)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "adopted 23 May 1997, but never fully implemented" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil, customary, and Islamic religious law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President ISAIAS Afworki (since 8 June 1993); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government and is head of the State Council and National Assembly", - "head_of_government": "President ISAIAS Afworki (since 8 June 1993)", - "cabinet": "State Council the collective exercises executive authority; members appointed by the president", - "elections": "president elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); the most recent and only election was held on 8 June 1993 (next election date uncertain as the National Assembly did not hold a presidential election in December 2001 as anticipated)", - "election_results": "ISAIAS Afworki elected president by the transitional National Assembly; percent of National Assembly vote - ISAIAS Afworki 95%, other 5%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly (150 seats; members elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "in May 1997, following the adoption of the new constitution, 75 members of the PFDJ Central Committee (the old Central Committee of the EPLF), 60 members of the 527-member Constituent Assembly, which had been established in 1997 to discuss and ratify the new constitution, and 15 representatives of Eritreans living abroad were formed into a Transitional National Assembly to serve as the country's legislative body until countrywide elections to a National Assembly were held; although only 75 of 150 members of the Transitional National Assembly were elected, the constitution stipulates that once past the transition stage, all members of the National Assembly will be elected by secret ballot of all eligible voters; National Assembly elections scheduled for December 2001 were postponed indefinitely due to the war with Ethiopia" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "High Court (organized into civil, commercial, criminal, labor, administrative, and customary sections with 20 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "High Court judges appointed by the president", - "subordinate_courts": "regional/zonal courts; community courts; special courts; sharia courts (for issues dealing with Muslim marriage, inheritance, and family); military courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "People's Front for Democracy and Justice or PFDJ [ISAIAS Afworki] (the only party recognized by the government); note - a National Assembly committee drafted a law on political parties in January 2001, but the full National Assembly never debated or voted on it" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Democratic Movement for the Liberation of Eritrean Kunama (DMLEK); Eritrean Democratic Alliance (EDA); Eritrean National Congress for Democratic Change (ENCDC); Eritrean National Salvation Front (ENSF); Eritrean Islamic Party for Justice and Development (EIPJD) (includes the Eritrean Islamic Jihad (EIJ), Eritrean Islamic Jihad Movement (EIJM), Eritrean Islamic Salvation, and the Eritrean Islamic Foundation); Eritrean People's Democratic Party (EPDP); Red Sea Afar Democratic Organization (RSADO)" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (observer), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS (observer), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires BERHANE Gebrehiwet Solomon", - "chancery": "1708 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 319-1991", - "fax": "[1] (202) 319-1304" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Sue BREMNER", - "embassy": "179 Ala Street, Asmara", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 211, Asmara", - "telephone": "[291] (1) 120004", - "fax": "[291] (1) 127584" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "red isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) dividing the flag into two right triangles; the upper triangle is green, the lower one is blue; a gold wreath encircling a gold olive branch is centered on the hoist side of the red triangle; green stands for the country's agriculture economy, red signifies the blood shed in the fight for freedom, and blue symbolizes the bounty of the sea; the wreath-olive branch symbol is similar to that on the first flag of Eritrea from 1952; the shape of the red triangle broadly mimics the shape of the country" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "camel" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Ertra, Ertra, Ertra\" (Eritrea, Eritrea, Eritrea)", - "lyrics_music": "SOLOMON Tsehaye Beraki/Isaac Abraham MEHAREZGI and ARON Tekle Tesfatsion", - "note": "adopted 1993; upon independence from Ethiopia" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Since independence from Ethiopia in 1993, Eritrea has faced the economic problems of a small, poor country, facing chronic drought. These have been exacerbated by restrictive economic policies. Eritrea has a command economy under the control of the sole political party, the People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ). Like the economies of many African nations, a large share of the population - nearly 80% - is engaged in subsistence agriculture. That sector only produces a small share of the country's total output. Since the conclusion of the Ethiopian-Eritrea war in 2000, the government has expanded use of military and party-owned businesses to complete President ISAIAS's development agenda. The government strictly controls the use of foreign currency by limiting access and availability. Few large private enterprises exist in Eritrea and most operate in conjunction with government partners, although recently a number of large international mining ventures have opened. Eritrea's national income also relies in part on taxes paid by members of the Diaspora. While reliable statistics on food security are difficult to obtain, erratic rainfall and the percentage of the labor force tied up in national service continue to interfere with agricultural production and economic development. Eritrea's harvests generally cannot meet the food needs of the country without supplemental grain purchases. Copper and gold production is likely to drive economic growth over the next few years, but military spending will continue to compete with development and investment plans. Eritrea's economic future will depend on market reform and success at addressing social problems such as illiteracy and low skills." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$4.468 billion (2012 est.); $4.176 billion (2011 est.); $3.842 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$3.092 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "7% (2012 est.); 8.7% (2011 est.); 2.2% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$800 (2012 est.); $800 (2011 est.); $700 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "3.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 1.6% of GDP (2011 est.); -3.2% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "64%", - "government_consumption": "26.8%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "15.2%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "14.6%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-20.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "12.4%", - "industry": "29.2%", - "services": "58.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "sorghum, lentils, vegetables, corn, cotton, tobacco, sisal; livestock, goats; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "food processing, beverages, clothing and textiles, light manufacturing, salt, cement" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-10% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "1.935 million (2007)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "80%", - "industry_and_services": "20% (2004 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "50% (2004 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$806.5 million", - "expenditures": "$1.19 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "26.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-12.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "110.5% of GDP (2012 est.); 124.5% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "17% (2012 est.); 20% (2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$1.64 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.331 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$3.889 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.156 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$3.272 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.712 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$271.5 million (2012 est.); -$127.8 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$434.8 million (2012 est.); $415.9 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "livestock, sorghum, textiles, food, small manufactures" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$1 billion (2012 est.); $891.9 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery, petroleum products, food, manufactured goods" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$180.6 million (31 December 2012 est.); $114.8 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$1.057 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.055 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "nakfa (ERN) per US dollar -; 15.375 (2012 est.); 15.375 (2011 est.); 15.375 (2010 est.); 15.375 (2009); 15.38 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "277 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "242 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "139,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "99.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "4,480 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "2,670 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "798,200 Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "58,500 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "241,900 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "inadequate; most fixed-line telephones are in Asmara; government is seeking international tenders to improve the system; cell phones in increasing use throughout the country", - "domestic": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular subscribership is less than 5 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 291 (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "government controls broadcast media with private ownership prohibited; 1 state-owned TV station; state-owned radio operates 2 networks; purchases of satellite dishes and subscriptions to international broadcast media are permitted (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".er" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "701 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "200,000 (2008)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "13 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "4", - "over_3_047_m": "2", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "9", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "5", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "306 km", - "narrow_gauge": "306 km 0.950-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "4,010 km", - "paved": "874 km", - "unpaved": "3,136 km (2000)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "4", - "by_type": "cargo 2, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1 (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Assab, Massawa" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Eritrean Armed Forces: Eritrean Ground Forces, Eritrean Navy, Eritrean Air Force (includes Air Defense Force) (2011)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-40 years of age for male and female voluntary and compulsory military service; 16-month conscript service obligation (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,350,446", - "females_age_16_49": "1,362,575 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "896,096", - "females_age_16_49": "953,757 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "66,829", - "female": "66,731 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "6.3% of GDP (2006 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Eritrea and Ethiopia agreed to abide by 2002 Ethiopia-Eritrea Boundary Commission's (EEBC) delimitation decision, but neither party responded to the revised line detailed in the November 2006 EEBC Demarcation Statement; Sudan accuses Eritrea of supporting eastern Sudanese rebel groups; in 2008 Eritrean troops moved across the border on Ras Doumera peninsula and occupied Doumera Island with undefined sovereignty in the Red Sea" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "idps": "10,000 (border war with Ethiopia from 1998-2000; it has not been possible to confirm whether remaining IDPs are still living with hosts or have been returned or resettled) (2009)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Eritrea is a source country for men, women, and children trafficked for the purposes of forced labor and, to a lesser extent, sex and labor trafficking abroad; the country's national service program is often abused to keep conscripts indefinitely and to force them to perform labor outside the scope of their duties; each year large numbers of migrants, often fleeing national service, depart Eritrea in search of work, particularly in the Gulf States, where some are likely to become victims of forced labor; Eritrean children working in various economic sectors, including domestic service, street vending, small-scale manufacturing, garages, bicycle repair shops, tea and coffee shops, metal workshops, and agriculture may be subjected to conditions of forced labor; some Eritrean refugees from Sudanese camps are extorted and tortured by traffickers as they are transported through the Sinai Peninsula", - "tier_rating": "Tier 3 - Eritrea does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the Eritrean Government does not operate with transparency and has published neither data nor statistics regarding its efforts to combat human trafficking; the government did not report prosecuting or convicting any traffickers and did not identify or refer any victims to protective services in 2012; authorities largely lack an understanding of human trafficking, confusing it with all forms of transnational migration from Eritrea; the government made its first-ever efforts to prevent trafficking, warning about the hazards its citizens faced when attempting to migrate abroad (2013)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/et-ethiopia.json b/africa/et-ethiopia.json deleted file mode 100644 index 73604a88..00000000 --- a/africa/et-ethiopia.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,622 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Unique among African countries, the ancient Ethiopian monarchy maintained its freedom from colonial rule with the exception of a short-lived Italian occupation from 1936-41. In 1974, a military junta, the Derg, deposed Emperor Haile SELASSIE (who had ruled since 1930) and established a socialist state. Torn by bloody coups, uprisings, wide-scale drought, and massive refugee problems, the regime was finally toppled in 1991 by a coalition of rebel forces, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF). A constitution was adopted in 1994, and Ethiopia's first multiparty elections were held in 1995. A border war with Eritrea late in the 1990s ended with a peace treaty in December 2000. In November 2007, the Eritrea-Ethiopia Border Commission (EEBC) issued specific coordinates as virtually demarcating the border and pronounced its work finished. Alleging that the EEBC acted beyond its mandate in issuing the coordinates, Ethiopia has not accepted them and has not withdrawn troops from previously contested areas pronounced by the EEBC as belonging to Eritrea." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Eastern Africa, west of Somalia" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "8 00 N, 38 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "1,104,300 sq km", - "land": "1 million sq km", - "water": "104,300 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly less than twice the size of Texas" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "5,328 km", - "border_countries": "Djibouti 349 km, Eritrea 912 km, Kenya 861 km, Somalia 1,600 km, South Sudan 837 km, Sudan 769 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Danakil Depression -125 m", - "highest_point": "Ras Dejen 4,533 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural gas, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "13.19%", - "permanent_crops": "1.01%", - "other": "85.8% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "2,896 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "122 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "5.56 cu km/yr (13%/1%/86%)", - "per_capita": "80.5 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts", - "volcanism": "volcanic activity in the Great Rift Valley; Erta Ale (elev. 613 m), which has caused frequent lava flows in recent years, is the country's most active volcano; Dabbahu became active in 2005, causing evacuations; other historically active volcanoes include Alayta, Dalaffilla, Dallol, Dama Ali, Fentale, Kone, Manda Hararo, and Manda-Inakir" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; water shortages in some areas from water-intensive farming and poor management" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked - entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993; the Blue Nile, the chief headstream of the Nile by water volume, rises in T'ana Hayk (Lake Tana) in northwest Ethiopia; three major crops are believed to have originated in Ethiopia: coffee, grain sorghum, and castor bean" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Ethiopian(s)", - "adjective": "Ethiopian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Oromo 34.5%, Amhara (Amara) 26.9%, Somali (Somalie) 6.2%, Tigray (Tigrigna) 6.1%, Sidama 4%, Gurage 2.5%, Welaita 2.3%, Hadiya 1.7%, Afar (Affar) 1.7%, Gamo 1.5%, Gedeo 1.3%, other 11.3% (2007 Census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Oromo (official regional) 33.8%, Amharic (official) 29.3%, Somali 6.2%, Tigrayan (official regional) 5.9%, Sidamo 4%, Wolaytta 2.2%, Guragiegna 2%, Afar 1.7%, Hadiyya 1.7%, Gamo 1.5%, other 11.7%, English (official) (major foreign language taught in schools), Arabic (official) (2007 census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Ethiopian Orthodox 43.5%, Muslim 33.9%, Protestant 18.6%, traditional 2.6%, Catholic 0.7%, other 0.7% (2007 Census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "93,877,025 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "44.4% (male 20,858,061/female 20,813,460)", - "15_24_years": "19.9% (male 9,258,868/female 9,382,338)", - "25_54_years": "29.1% (male 13,576,787/female 13,704,595)", - "55_64_years": "3.9% (male 1,772,448/female 1,859,364)", - "65_years_and_over": "2.8% (male 1,197,519/female 1,453,585) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "85.5 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "79.2 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.3 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "15.8 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "17.5 years", - "male": "17.3 years", - "female": "17.6 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.9% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "38.07 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "8.87 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population", - "note": "repatriation of Ethiopian refugees residing in Sudan is expected to continue for several years; some Sudanese, Somali, and Eritrean refugees, who fled to Ethiopia from the fighting or famine in their own countries, continue to return to their homes (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "17% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "3.57% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "ADDIS ABABA (capital) 2.863 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.95 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.83 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "19.6", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2011 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "350 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "58.28 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "66.58 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "49.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "60 years", - "male": "57.73 years", - "female": "62.35 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "5.31 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "28.6% (2010/11)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "4.9% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.02 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "6.3 beds/1,000 population (2011)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 97% of population; rural: 34% of population; total: 44% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 3% of population; rural: 66% of population; total: 56% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 29% of population; rural: 19% of population; total: 21% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 71% of population; rural: 81% of population; total: 79% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever", - "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "1.1% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "29.2% (2011)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "4.7% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "39%", - "male": "49.1%", - "female": "28.9% (2007 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "9 years", - "male": "10 years", - "female": "8 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "10,693,164", - "percentage": "53 % (2005 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "24.9%", - "male": "19.5%", - "female": "29.4% (2006)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia", - "conventional_short_form": "Ethiopia", - "local_long_form": "Ityop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripeblik", - "local_short_form": "Ityop'iya", - "former": "Abyssinia, Italian East Africa", - "abbreviation": "FDRE" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "federal republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Addis Ababa", - "geographic_coordinates": "9 02 N, 38 42 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "9 ethnically based states (kililoch, singular - kilil) and 2 self-governing administrations* (astedaderoch, singular - astedader); Adis Abeba* (Addis Ababa), Afar, Amara (Amhara), Binshangul Gumuz, Dire Dawa*, Gambela Hizboch (Gambela Peoples), Hareri Hizb (Harari People), Oromiya (Oromia), Sumale (Somali), Tigray, Ye Debub Biheroch Bihereseboch na Hizboch (Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples)" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world - at least 2,000 years (may be traced to the Aksumite Kingdom, which coalesced in the first century B.C.)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "National Day (defeat of MENGISTU regime), 28 May (1991)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "ratified 8 December 1994, effective 22 August 1995" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President GIRMA Woldegiorgis (since 8 October 2001)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister HAILEMARIAM Desalegn (since 21 September 2012); note - prior to his approval as prime minister, HAILEMARIAM had been acting prime minister due to the death of former Prime Minister MELES", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers ministers selected by the prime minister and approved by the House of People's Representatives", - "elections": "president elected by both chambers of Parliament for a six-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 9 October 2007 (next to be held in October 2013); prime minister designated by the party in power following legislative elections", - "election_results": "GIRMA Woldegiorgis elected president; percent of vote by the House of People's Representatives - 79%, other 21%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Federation (or upper chamber responsible for interpreting the constitution and federal-regional issues) (108 seats; members chosen by state assemblies to serve five-year terms) and the House of People's Representatives (or lower chamber responsible for passing legislation) (547 seats; members directly elected by popular vote from single-member districts to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 23 May 2010 (next to be held in 2015)", - "election_results": "percent of vote - NA; seats by party - EPRDF 499, SPDP 24, BGPDP 9, ANDP 8, GPUDM 3, HNL 1, FORUM 1, APDO 1, independent 1" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Federal Supreme Court or Supreme Imperial Court (consists of 11 judges) note - the Federal Supreme Court has jurisdiction for all constitutional issues", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "president and vice president of Federal Supreme Court nominated by the prime minister and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; other Supreme Court judges nominated by the Federal Judicial Administrative Council and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; judges serve until retirement at age 60", - "subordinate_courts": "federal high courts and federal courts of first instance; state court systems (mirror structure of federal system); sharia courts and customary and traditional courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Afar National Democratic Party or ANDP [Mohammed KEDIR]; All Ethiopian Unity Organization or AEUO [Hailu SHAWEL]; Arena Tigray [GEBRU Asrat]; Argoba People's Democratic Organization or APDO [Abdulkader MOHAMMED]; Benishangul Gumuz People's Democratic Party or BGPDP [Mulualem BESSE]; Coalition for Unity and Democratic Party or CUDP [AYELE Chamiso]; Ethiopian Democratic Party or EDP [MUSHE Semu]; Ethiopian Federal Democratic Forum or FORUM (a UDJ-led 6-party alliance established for the 2010 parliamentary elections) [Dr. Moga FRISSA]; Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front or EPRDF (including the following organizations: Amhara National Democratic Movement or ANDM; Oromo People's Democratic Organization or OPDO; Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement or SEPDM; and Tigray People's Liberation Front or TPLF); Gambella Peoples Unity Democratic Movement or GPUDM; Gurage Peoples Democratic Front [GIRMA Bogale]; Harari National League or HNL [YASIN Husein]; Oromo Federalist Democratic Movement or OFDM; Oromo People's Congress or OPC [IMERERA Gudina]; Somali Democratic Alliance Forces or SODAF [BUH Hussien]; Somali People's Democratic Party or SPDP [Abdulfetah Sheck ABDULAHI]; South Ethiopian People's Democratic Union or SEPDU [TILAHUN Endeshaw]; United Ethiopian Democratic Forces or UEDF [BEYENE Petros]; Unity for Democracy and Justice or UDJ [Dr. NEGASSO Gidada]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Ethiopian People's Patriotic Front or EPPF; Ogaden National Liberation Front or ONLF; Oromo Liberation Front or OLF [DAOUD Ibsa]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador GIRMA Birru", - "chancery": "3506 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 364-1200", - "fax": "[1] (202) 587-0195", - "consulates_general": "Los Angeles", - "consulates": "New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Donald E. BOOTH", - "embassy": "Entoto Street, Addis Ababa", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 1014, Addis Ababa", - "telephone": "130-6000", - "fax": "124-2401" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and red, with a yellow pentagram and single yellow rays emanating from the angles between the points on a light blue disk centered on the three bands; green represents hope and the fertility of the land, yellow symbolizes justice and harmony, while red stands for sacrifice and heroism in the defense of the land; the blue of the disk symbolizes peace and the pentagram represents the unity and equality of the nationalities and peoples of Ethiopia", - "note": "Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa, and the three main colors of her flag (adopted ca. 1895) were so often adopted by other African countries upon independence that they became known as the Pan-African colors; the emblem in the center of the current flag was added in 1996" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Abyssinian lion" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Whedefit Gesgeshi Woud Enat Ethiopia\" (March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia)", - "lyrics_music": "DEREJE Melaku Mengesha/SOLOMON Lulu", - "note": "adopted 1992" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Ethiopia's economy is based on agriculture, which accounts for 46% of GDP and 85% of total employment. Coffee has been a major export crop. The agricultural sector suffers from poor cultivation practices and frequent drought, but recent joint efforts by the Government of Ethiopia and donors have strengthened Ethiopia's agricultural resilience, contributing to a reduction in the number of Ethiopians threatened with starvation. The banking, insurance, and micro-credit industries are restricted to domestic investors, but Ethiopia has attracted significant foreign investment in textiles, leather, commercial agriculture and manufacturing. Under Ethiopia's constitution, the state owns all land and provides long-term leases to the tenants; land use certificates are now being issued in some areas so that tenants have more recognizable rights to continued occupancy and hence make more concerted efforts to improve their leaseholds. While GDP growth has remained high, per capita income is among the lowest in the world. Ethiopia''s economy continues on its state-led Growth and Transformation Plan under its new leadership after Prime Minister MELE's death. The five-year economic plan has achieved high single-digit growth rates through government-led infrastructure expansion and commercial agriculture development. Ethiopia in 2013 plans to continue construction of its Grand Renaissance Dam on the Nile-the controversial multi-billion dollar effort to develop electricity for domestic consumption and export." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$105 billion (2012 est.); $98.13 billion (2011 est.); $91.29 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$41.91 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "7% (2012 est.); 7.5% (2011 est.); 8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$1,200 (2012 est.); $1,200 (2011 est.); $1,100 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "22.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 22.9% of GDP (2011 est.); 23.1% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "85.6%", - "government_consumption": "8.2%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "26.8%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "12.7%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-33.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "46.4%", - "industry": "10.7%", - "services": "43% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "cereals, pulses, coffee, oilseed, cotton, sugarcane, potatoes, khat, cut flowers; hides, cattle, sheep, goats; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "food processing, beverages, textiles, leather, chemicals, metals processing, cement" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "9.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "43.93 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "85%", - "industry": "5%", - "services": "10% (2009 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "29.2% (FY09/10 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "4.1%", - "highest_10%": "25.6% (2005)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "30 (2000); 40 (1995)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$6.388 billion", - "expenditures": "$7.54 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "15.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-2.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "45.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 47% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "official data cover central government debt, including debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury and treasury debt owned by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "8 July - 7 July" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "23.4% (2012 est.); 33.2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "14.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 16% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$8.144 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.532 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$13.35 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $11.51 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$14.46 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $11.73 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$2.95 billion (2012 est.); -$1.965 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$3.109 billion (2012 est.); $3.029 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "coffee, khat, gold, leather products, live animals, oilseeds" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "China 13%, Germany 10.8%, US 7.9%, Saudi Arabia 7.8%, Belgium 7.7% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$9.498 billion (2012 est.); $8.329 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "food and live animals, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery, motor vehicles, cereals, textiles" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 13.1%, US 11%, Saudi Arabia 8.2%, India 5.5% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$3.166 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.102 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$10.35 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $8.597 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "birr (ETB) per US dollar -; 17.705 (2012 est.); 16.899 (2011 est.); 14.41 (2010 est.); 11.78 (2009); 9.57 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "4.039 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "3.648 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "1.18 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "17.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "82.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "430,000 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "49,080 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "42,480 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "113 billion cu m (1 January 2011 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "6.74 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "829,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "14.127 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "inadequate telephone system with the Ethio Telecom maintaining a monopoly over telecommunication services; open-wire, microwave radio relay; radio communication in the HF, VHF, and UHF frequencies; 2 domestic satellites provide the national trunk service", - "domestic": "the number of fixed lines and mobile telephones is increasing from a small base; combined fixed and mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 15 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 251; open-wire to Sudan and Djibouti; microwave radio relay to Kenya and Djibouti; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Pacific Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "1 public TV station broadcasting nationally and 1 public radio broadcaster with stations in each of the 13 administrative districts; a few commercial radio stations and roughly a dozen community radio stations (2009)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".et" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "179 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "447,300 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "57 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "17", - "over_3_047_m": "3", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "8", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "4", - "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "40", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "3", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "9", - "914_to_1_523_m": "20", - "under_914_m": "8 (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "681 km (Ethiopian segment of the 781 km Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad)", - "narrow_gauge": "681 km 1.000-m gauge", - "note": "railway is under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia but is largely inoperable (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "44,359 km", - "paved": "6,064 km", - "unpaved": "38,295 km (2007)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "8", - "by_type": "cargo 8 (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Ethiopia is landlocked and uses ports of Djibouti in Djibouti and Berbera in Somalia" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF): Ground Forces, Ethiopian Air Force (Ye Ityopya Ayer Hayl, ETAF) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; no compulsory military service, but the military can conduct callups when necessary and compliance is compulsory (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "19,067,499", - "females_age_16_49": "19,726,816 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "11,868,084", - "females_age_16_49": "12,889,260 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "967,411", - "female": "981,714 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.9% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Eritrea and Ethiopia agreed to abide by the 2002 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission's (EEBC) delimitation decision, but neither party responded to the revised line detailed in the November 2006 EEBC Demarcation Statement; the undemarcated former British administrative line has little meaning as a political separation to rival clans within Ethiopia's Ogaden and southern Somalia's Oromo region; Ethiopian forces invaded southern Somalia and routed Islamist Courts from Mogadishu in January 2007; \"Somaliland\" secessionists provide port facilities in Berbera and trade ties to landlocked Ethiopia; civil unrest in eastern Sudan has hampered efforts to demarcate the porous boundary with Ethiopia" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "245,068 (Somalia); 35,042 (Sudan); 62,996 (Eritrea) (2013)", - "idps": "200,000-300,000 (border war with Eritrea from 1998-2000, ethnic clashes in Gambela, and ongoing Ethiopian military counterinsurgency in Somali region; most IDPs are in Tigray and Gambela Provinces) (2008)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and Southeast Asia and destined for Europe, as well as cocaine destined for markets in southern Africa; cultivates qat (khat) for local use and regional export, principally to Djibouti and Somalia (legal in all three countries); the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a money laundering center" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/ga-gabon.json b/africa/ga-gabon.json deleted file mode 100644 index 418a0036..00000000 --- a/africa/ga-gabon.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,602 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "El Hadj Omar BONGO Ondimba - one of the longest-serving heads of state in the world - dominated the country's political scene for four decades (1967-2009) following independence from France in 1960. President BONGO introduced a nominal multiparty system and a new constitution in the early 1990s. However, allegations of electoral fraud during local elections in 2002-03 and the presidential elections in 2005 exposed the weaknesses of formal political structures in Gabon. Following President BONGO's death in 2009, new elections brought Ali BONGO Ondimba, son of the former president, to power. Despite constrained political conditions, Gabon's small population, abundant natural resources, and considerable foreign support have helped make it one of the more prosperous and stable African countries." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Central Africa, bordering the Atlantic Ocean at the Equator, between Republic of the Congo and Equatorial Guinea" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "1 00 S, 11 45 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "267,667 sq km", - "land": "257,667 sq km", - "water": "10,000 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Colorado" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "2,551 km", - "border_countries": "Cameroon 298 km, Republic of the Congo 1,903 km, Equatorial Guinea 350 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "885 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; always hot, humid" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "narrow coastal plain; hilly interior; savanna in east and south" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Mont Iboundji 1,575 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, natural gas, diamond, niobium, manganese, uranium, gold, timber, iron ore, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "1.21%", - "permanent_crops": "0.64%", - "other": "98.15% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "44.5 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "164 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.14 cu km/yr (61%/10%/29%)", - "per_capita": "97.68 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation; poaching" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "a small population and oil and mineral reserves have helped Gabon become one of Africa's wealthier countries; in general, these circumstances have allowed the country to maintain and conserve its pristine rain forest and rich biodiversity" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Gabonese (singular and plural)", - "adjective": "Gabonese" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Bantu tribes, including four major tribal groupings (Fang, Bapounou, Nzebi, Obamba); other Africans and Europeans, 154,000, including 10,700 French and 11,000 persons of dual nationality" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "French (official), Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Christian 55%-75%, animist, Muslim less than 1%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "1,640,286 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "42.1% (male 347,203/female 344,008)", - "15_24_years": "20.3% (male 166,328/female 165,843)", - "25_54_years": "29.7% (male 243,111/female 243,442)", - "55_64_years": "4.1% (male 32,871/female 34,692)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.8% (male 26,627/female 36,161) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "77.4 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "68.3 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "9.2 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "10.9 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "18.6 years", - "male": "18.4 years", - "female": "18.8 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.96% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "34.82 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "13.11 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-2.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "86.2% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.27% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "LIBREVILLE (capital) 619,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.96 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.73 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "18.7 (2000 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "230 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "48.02 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "55.49 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "40.32 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "52.15 years", - "male": "51.58 years", - "female": "52.74 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "4.52 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "31.1% (2012)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "3.5% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.29 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "6.3 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 95% of population; rural: 41% of population; total: 87% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 5% of population; rural: 59% of population; total: 13% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 33% of population; rural: 30% of population; total: 33% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 67% of population; rural: 70% of population; total: 67% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "5.2% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "46,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "2,400 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_disease": "malaria and dengue fever", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "13.9% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "8.8% (2001)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "89%", - "male": "92.3%", - "female": "85.6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "13 years", - "male": "12 years", - "female": "12 years (2002)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Gabonese Republic", - "conventional_short_form": "Gabon", - "local_long_form": "Republique Gabonaise", - "local_short_form": "Gabon" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic; multiparty presidential regime" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Libreville", - "geographic_coordinates": "0 23 N, 9 27 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "9 provinces; Estuaire, Haut-Ogooue, Moyen-Ogooue, Ngounie, Nyanga, Ogooue-Ivindo, Ogooue-Lolo, Ogooue-Maritime, Woleu-Ntem" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "17 August 1960 (from France)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 17 August (1960)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "adopted 14 March 1991" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of French civil law and customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Ali BONGO ONDIMBA (since 16 October 2009)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Raymond NDONG SIMA (since 27 February 2012)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the president", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (no term limits); election last held on 30 August 2009 (next to be held in 2016); prime minister appointed by the president", - "election_results": "President Ali BONGO ONDIMBA elected; percent of vote - Ali BONGO ONDIMBA 41.7%, Andre MBA OBAME 25.9%, Pierre MAMBOUNDOU 25.2%, Zacharie MYBOTO 3.9%, other 3.3%", - "note": "President BONGO died on 8 June 2009 after serving as president for 32 years; in accordance with the constitution he was replaced on an interim basis by the president of the Senate, Rose Francine ROGOMBE on 10 June 2009; new elections were held on 30 August 2009 and the son of the former president, Ali BONGO Ondimba, was elected president" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral legislature consists of the Senate (102 seats; members elected by members of municipal councils and departmental assemblies to serve six-year terms) and the National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (120 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "Senate - last held on 18 January 2009 (next to be held in January 2015); National Assembly - last held on 17 December 2011 (next to be held in December 2016)", - "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDG 75, RPG 6, UGDD 3, CLR 2, PGCI 2, PSD 2, UPG 2, ADERE 1, independents 9; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDG 114, RPG 3, others 3" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (organized into Judicial, Administrative, and Accounts chambers and consists of NA judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges appointment and tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed - 3 by the national president, 3 by the president of the Senate, and 3 by the president of the National Assembly; judges serve 7-year, single renewable terms", - "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal; Court of State Security; county courts; military courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Circle of Liberal Reformers or CLR [General Jean Boniface ASSELE]; Congress for Democracy and Justice or CDJ [Jules Aristide Bourdes OGOULIGUENDE]; Democratic and Republican Alliance or ADERE [Divungui-di-Ndinge DIDJOB]; Gabonese Democratic Party or PDG [Omar BONGO]; Gabonese Party for Progress or PGP [Benoit Mouity NZAMBA]; Gabonese Union for Democracy and Development or UGDD [Zacharie MYBOTO]; Independent Center Party of Gabon or PGCI; National Rally of Woodcutters or RNB; National Rally of Woodcutters-Rally for Gabon or RNB-RPG (Bucherons) [Fr. Paul M'BA-ABESSOLE]; Party of Development and Social Solidarity or PDS [Seraphin Ndoat REMBOGO]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Pierre Claver MAGANGA-MOUSSAVOU]; Union for Democracy and Social Integration or UDIS; Union for the New Republic or UPRN [Louis Gaston MAYILA]; Union of Gabonese Patriots or UPG [Pierre MAMBOUNDOU]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, EITI (candidate country), FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Michael MOUSSA-ADAMO", - "chancery": "Suite 200, 2034 20th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 797-1000", - "fax": "[1] (202) 332-0668", - "consulates": "New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Eric D. BENJAMINSON", - "embassy": "Boulevard du Bord de Mer, Libreville", - "mailing_address": "Centre Ville, B. P. 4000, Libreville; pouch:2270 Libreville Place, Washington, DC 20521-2270", - "telephone": "[241] 01-45-71-00, after hours - 07380171", - "fax": "[241] 74 55 07" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and blue; green represents the country's forests and natural resources, gold represents the equator (which transects Gabon) as well as the sun, blue represents the sea" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "black panther" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"La Concorde\" (The Concorde)", - "lyrics_music": "Georges Aleka DAMAS", - "note": "adopted 1960" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Gabon enjoys a per capita income four times that of most sub-Saharan African nations, but because of high income inequality, a large proportion of the population remains poor. Gabon depended on timber and manganese until oil was discovered offshore in the early 1970s. The economy was reliant on oil for about 50% of its GDP, about 70% of revenues, and 87% of goods exports for 2010, although some fields have passed their peak production. A rebound of oil prices from 1999 to 2008 helped growth, but declining production has hampered Gabon from fully realizing potential gains. Gabon signed a 14-month Stand-By Arrangement with the IMF in May 2007, and later that year issued a $1 billion sovereign bond to buy back a sizable portion of its Paris Club debt. Gabon continues to face fluctuating prices for its oil, timber, and manganese exports. Despite the abundance of natural wealth, poor fiscal management has stifled the economy. However, President BONGO ONDIMBA has made efforts to increase transparency and is taking steps to make Gabon a more attractive investment destination to diversify the economy. BONGO ONDIMBA has attempted to boost growth by increasing government investment in human resources and infrastructure. GDP grew more than 6% per year over the 2010-12 period." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$25.91 billion (2012 est.); $24.4 billion (2011 est.); $22.79 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$18.38 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "6.2% (2012 est.); 7.1% (2011 est.); 6.8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$16,800 (2012 est.); $16,100 (2011 est.); $15,200 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "47.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 44.9% of GDP (2011 est.); 51.9% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "37.3%", - "government_consumption": "9.8%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "30.3%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "61.2%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-38.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "3.7%", - "industry": "64.3%", - "services": "32% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "cocoa, coffee, sugar, palm oil, rubber; cattle; okoume (a tropical softwood); fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "petroleum extraction and refining; manganese, gold; chemicals, ship repair, food and beverages, textiles, lumbering and plywood, cement" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "6.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "616,700 (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "60%", - "industry": "15%", - "services": "25% (2000 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "21% (2006 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.5%", - "highest_10%": "32.7% (2005)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$4.987 billion", - "expenditures": "$4.623 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "27.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "22.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 19.4% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.7% (2012 est.); 1.3% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "3% (31 December 2010 est.); 4.25% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "15% (31 December 2012 est.); 15% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$2.552 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.47 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$3.918 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.534 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$1.785 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.817 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$3.747 billion (2012 est.); $3.514 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$10.2 billion (2012 est.); $10.72 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "crude oil, timber, manganese, uranium" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Japan 23.9%, US 16.9%, Australia 11.2%, India 7.3%, China 5.4%, Spain 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$3.638 billion (2012 est.); $3.319 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, construction materials" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "France 28.1%, China 12.6%, US 9.4%, Belgium 5.8%, Cameroon 4.7% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$2.373 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.177 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$3.196 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.879 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar -; 510.53 (2012 est.); 471.87 (2011 est.); 495.28 (2010 est.); 472.19 (2009); 447.81 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "1.604 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "1.301 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "415,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "59% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "41% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "244,700 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "226,800 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "1.309 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "20,700 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "15,800 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "8,985 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "5,890 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "80 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "80 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "28.32 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "4.592 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "22,500 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "1.8 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "adequate system of cable, microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, radiotelephone communication stations, and a domestic satellite system with 12 earth stations", - "domestic": "a growing mobile-cellular network with multiple providers is making telephone service more widely available with mobile-cellular teledensity exceeding 100 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 241; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state owns and operates 2 TV stations and 2 radio broadcast stations; a few private radio and TV stations; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are accessible; satellite service subscriptions are available (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ga" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "127 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "98,800 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "44 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "14", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "9", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "30", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "7", - "914_to_1_523_m": "9", - "under_914_m": "14 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 807 km; oil 1,639 km; water 3 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "649 km", - "standard_gauge": "649 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "9,170 km", - "paved": "1,097 km", - "unpaved": "8,073 km (2007)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "1,600 km (310 km on Ogooue River) (2010)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "registered_in_other_countries": "2 (Cambodia 1, Panama 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Libreville, Owendo, Port-Gentil", - "oil_gas_terminals": "Gamba, Lucina" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Gabonese Defense Forces (Forces de Defense Gabonaise): Land Force (Force Terrestre), Gabonese Navy (Marine Gabonaise), Gabonese Air Forces (Forces Aerienne Gabonaises, FAG) (2012)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "20 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "350,640", - "females_age_16_49": "351,718 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "202,404", - "females_age_16_49": "195,389 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "17,638", - "female": "17,614 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.8% of GDP (2011)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "UN urges Equatorial Guinea and Gabon to resolve the sovereignty dispute over Gabon-occupied Mbane Island and lesser islands and to establish a maritime boundary in hydrocarbon-rich Corisco Bay" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/gh-ghana.json b/africa/gh-ghana.json deleted file mode 100644 index f39fce90..00000000 --- a/africa/gh-ghana.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,627 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Formed from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory, Ghana in 1957 became the first sub-Saharan country in colonial Africa to gain its independence. Ghana endured a long series of coups before Lt. Jerry RAWLINGS took power in 1981 and banned political parties. After approving a new constitution and restoring multiparty politics in 1992, RAWLINGS won presidential elections in 1992 and 1996 but was constitutionally prevented from running for a third term in 2000. John KUFUOR succeeded him and was reelected in 2004. John Atta MILLS took over as head of state in early 2009, but he died in July 2012 and was succeeded by his vice president John Dramani MAHAMA, who subsequently won a December 2012 special presidential election." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "8 00 N, 2 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "238,533 sq km", - "land": "227,533 sq km", - "water": "11,000 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Oregon" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "2,094 km", - "border_countries": "Burkina Faso 549 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo 877 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "539 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Mount Afadjato 885 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower, petroleum, silver, salt, limestone" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "20.12%", - "permanent_crops": "11.74%", - "other": "68.14% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "309 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "53.2 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.98 cu km/yr (24%/10%/66%)", - "per_capita": "48.82 cu m/yr (2000)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "dry, dusty, northeastern harmattan winds from January to March; droughts" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "recurrent drought in north severely affects agricultural activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Marine Life Conservation" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake by surface area (8,482 sq km; 3,275 sq mi)" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Ghanaian(s)", - "adjective": "Ghanaian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Akan 47.5%, Mole-Dagbon 16.6%, Ewe 13.9%, Ga-Dangme 7.4%, Gurma 5.7%, Guan 3.7%, Grusi 2.5%, Mande-Busanga 1.1%, other 1.6% (2010 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Asante 14.8%, Ewe 12.7%, Fante 9.9%, Boron (Brong) 4.6%, Dagomba 4.3%, Dangme 4.3%, Dagarte (Dagaba) 3.7%, Akyem 3.4%, Ga 3.4%, Akuapem 2.9%, other (includes English (official)) 36.1% (2000 census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Christian 71.2% (Pentecostal/Charismatic 28.3%, Protestant 18.4%, Catholic 13.1%, other 11.4%), Muslim 17.6%, traditional 5.2%, other 0.8%, none 5.2% (2010 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "25,199,609 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "38.7% (male 4,902,094/female 4,858,630)", - "15_24_years": "18.8% (male 2,360,293/female 2,382,573)", - "25_54_years": "33.7% (male 4,120,921/female 4,363,889)", - "55_64_years": "4.7% (male 577,431/female 610,716)", - "65_years_and_over": "4.1% (male 476,297/female 546,765) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "72.2 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "66.2 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "16.7 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "20.7 years", - "male": "20.3 years", - "female": "21.2 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.19% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "31.7 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "7.53 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-2.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "51.9% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "3.5% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "ACCRA (capital) 2.269 million; Kumasi 1.773 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.95 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.95 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.88 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "21.8", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2008 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "350 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "39.7 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "43.8 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "35.48 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "65.32 years", - "male": "62.99 years", - "female": "67.71 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "4.12 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "23.5% (2008)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "5.2% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.09 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.9 beds/1,000 population (2011)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 91% of population; rural: 80% of population; total: 86% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 9% of population; rural: 20% of population; total: 14% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 19% of population; rural: 8% of population; total: 14% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 81% of population; rural: 92% of population; total: 86% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "1.8% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "260,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "18,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", - "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies", - "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds\r\n (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "7.5% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "14.3% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "8.2% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "71.5%", - "male": "78.3%", - "female": "65.3% (2010 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "12 years", - "male": "12 years", - "female": "11 years (2012)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "1,806,750", - "percentage": "34 % (2006 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "16.6%", - "male": "16.4%", - "female": "16.7% (2000)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Ghana", - "conventional_short_form": "Ghana", - "former": "Gold Coast" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "constitutional democracy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Accra", - "geographic_coordinates": "5 33 N, 0 13 W", - "time_difference": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "10 regions; Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, Western" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "6 March 1957 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 6 March (1957)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "approved 28 April 1992" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed system of English common law and customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President John Dramani MAHAMA (since 24 July 2012); Vice President Kwesi Bekoe AMISSAH-ARTHUR (since 6 August 2012); note - President MAHAMA assumed office due to the death of former president John Atta MILLS and subsequently won the December 2012 presidential election; the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President John Dramani MAHAMA (since 24 July 2012); Vice President Kwesi Bekoe AMISSAH-ARTHUR (since 6 August 2012); note - President MAHAMA assumed office due to the death of former president John Atta MILLS and subsequently won the December 2012 presidential election", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers; president nominates members subject to approval by Parliament", - "elections": "president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms (eligible for a second term); election last held on 7 December 2012 (next to be held in December 2016)", - "election_results": "John Dramani MAHAMA elected president; percent of vote - John Dramani MAHAMA 50.7%, Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO 47.7%, other 1.6%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament (275 seats; members elected by direct, popular vote in single-seat constituencies to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 7 and 8 December 2012 (next to be held in December 2016)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NPP 47.5%, NDC 46.4%, PNC 0.6%, independent 2.5%, other 3.0%; seats by party - NDC 151, NPP 120, PNC 1, independent 3" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of a chief justice and 12 justices)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "chief justice appointed by the president in consultation with the Council of State (a small advisory body of prominent citizens) and with the approval of Parliament; other justices appointed by the president upon the advice of the Judicial Council (an 18-member independent body of judicial, military and police officials, and presidential nominees) and on the advice of the Council of State; justices can retire at age 60, with compulsory retirement at age 70", - "subordinate_courts": "Court of Appeal; High Court; Circuit Court; District Court; regional tribunals" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Convention People's Party or CPP [Samia NKRUMAH]; Democratic Freedom Party or DFP [Obed Yao ASAMOAH]; Democratic People’s Party or DPP [T.N. WARD BREW]; Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere or EGLE [Henry GIDI]; Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP [vacant]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [Dr. Kwabena ADJEI]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Nii Armah JOSIAH-AYEH]; New Patriotic Party or NPP [Jake OBETSEBI-LAMPEY]; People's National Convention or PNC [Alhaji Amed RAMADAN]; National Reform Party [Peter KPORDUGBE]; United Renaissance Party or URP [Kofi WAYO]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Christian Aid (water rights); Committee for Joint Action or CJA (education reform); National Coalition Against the Privatization of Water or CAP (water rights); Oxfam (water rights); Public Citizen (water rights); Students Coalition Against EPA [Kwabena Ososukene OKAI] (education reform); Third World Network (education reform)" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Daniel Ohene AGYEKUM", - "chancery": "3512 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 686-4520", - "fax": "[1] (202) 686-4527", - "consulates_general": "New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Gene CRETZ", - "embassy": "24 Fourth Circular Rd., Cantonments, Accra", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 194, Accra", - "telephone": "[233] 30-2741-000", - "fax": "[233] 30-2741-389" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green, with a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; red symbolizes the blood shed for independence, yellow represents the country's mineral wealth, while green stands for its forests and natural wealth; the black star is said to be the lodestar of African freedom", - "note": "uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "black star; golden eagle" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"God Bless Our Homeland Ghana\"", - "lyrics_music": "unknown/Philip GBEHO", - "note": "music adopted 1957, lyrics adopted 1966; the lyrics were changed twice, once when a republic was declared in 1960 and again after a 1966 coup" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Ghana's economy has been strengthened by a quarter century of relatively sound management, a competitive business environment, and sustained reductions in poverty levels. Ghana is well endowed with natural resources and agriculture accounts for roughly one-quarter of GDP and employs more than half of the workforce, mainly small landholders. The services sector accounts for 50% of GDP. Gold and cocoa production and individual remittances are major sources of foreign exchange. Oil production at Ghana's offshore Jubilee field began in mid-December, 2010, and is expected to boost economic growth. President MAHAMA faces challenges in managing new oil revenue while maintaining fiscal discipline and resisting debt accumulation. Estimated oil reserves have jumped to almost 700 million barrels. Ghana signed a Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) Compact in 2006, which aims to assist in transforming Ghana''s agricultural sector. Ghana opted for debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) program in 2002, and is also benefiting from the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative that took effect in 2006. In 2009 Ghana signed a three-year Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility with the IMF to improve macroeconomic stability, private sector competitiveness, human resource development, and good governance and civic responsibility. Sound macro-economic management along with higher prices for oil, gold and, cocoa helped sustain high GDP growth in 2008-12, despite the general slowdown in the global economy during that same time period." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$83.74 billion (2012 est.); $78.28 billion (2011 est.); $68.43 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$38.94 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "7% (2012 est.); 14.4% (2011 est.); 8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$3,400 (2012 est.); $3,200 (2011 est.); $2,900 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "18.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 17.5% of GDP (2011 est.); 17.2% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "60.9%", - "government_consumption": "13.6%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "29%", - "investment_in_inventories": "6.9%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "45.9%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-56.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "22.7%", - "industry": "27.3%", - "services": "50% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "cocoa, rice, cassava (manioc), peanuts, corn, shea nuts, bananas; timber" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting, food processing, cement, small commercial ship building" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "11.79 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "56%", - "industry": "15%", - "services": "29% (2005 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "11% (2000 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "28.5% (2007 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2%", - "highest_10%": "32.8% (2006)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "39.4 (2005-06); 40.7 (1999)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$9.282 billion", - "expenditures": "$14.13 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "23.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-12.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "49.3% of GDP (2012 est.); 41.8% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "9.2% (2012 est.); 8.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "18% (31 December 2009); 17% (31 December 2008)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "22.2% (31 December 2012 est.); 18.2% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$5.771 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.925 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$11.56 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $11.79 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$12.45 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $10.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$3.097 billion (31 December 2011); $3.531 billion (31 December 2010); $2.508 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$4.559 billion (2012 est.); -$3.675 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$13.73 billion (2012 est.); $12.79 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "oil, gold, cocoa, timber, tuna, bauxite, aluminum, manganese ore, diamonds, horticultural products" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "France 13.3%, Italy 12.1%, Netherlands 8.7%, China 7.2%, Germany 4.2% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$17.56 billion (2012 est.); $15.84 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 25.8%, Nigeria 10.9%, US 7%, Netherlands 6.3%, Singapore 4.5%, UK 4.1%, India 4% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$5.705 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.805 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$12.71 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $11.29 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "cedis (GHC) per US dollar -; 1.796 (2012 est.); 1.512 (2011 est.); 1.431 (2010 est.); 1.409 (2009); 1.1 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "8.764 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "6.122 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "752 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "198 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "1.985 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "40.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "59.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "72,580 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "14,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "43,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "660 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "27,260 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "61,590 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "7,275 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "24,390 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "120 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "120 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "22.65 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "10.58 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "284,700 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "21.166 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "primarily microwave radio relay; wireless local loop has been installed; outdated and unreliable fixed-line infrastructure heavily concentrated in Accra", - "domestic": "competition among multiple mobile-cellular providers has spurred growth with a subscribership of more than 80 per 100 persons and rising", - "international": "country code - 233; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC, Main One, and GLO-1 fiber-optic submarine cables that provide connectivity to South Africa, Europe, and Asia; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay link to Panaftel system connects Ghana to its neighbors (2009)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-owned TV station, 2 state-owned radio networks; several privately owned TV stations and a large number of privately owned radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are accessible; several cable and satellite TV subscription services are obtainable (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".gh" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "59,086 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "1.297 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "10 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "7", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "3", - "914_to_1_523_m": "3 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 394 km; oil 20 km; refined products 361 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "947 km", - "narrow_gauge": "947 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "109,515 km", - "paved": "13,787 km", - "unpaved": "95,728 km (2009)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "1,293 km (168 km for launches and lighters on Volta, Ankobra, and Tano rivers; 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways on Lake Volta) (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "4", - "by_type": "petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 3", - "foreign_owned": "2 (Brazil 1, South Korea 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Takoradi, Tema" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Ghana Army, Ghana Navy, Ghana Air Force (2012)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-26 years of age for voluntary military service, with basic education certificate; no conscription; must be HIV/AIDS negative (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "6,268,191", - "females_age_16_49": "6,194,339 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "4,136,406", - "females_age_16_49": "4,220,761 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "267,896", - "female": "260,992 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.7% of GDP (2009)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "disputed maritime border between Ghana and Cote d'Ivoire" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "5,156 (Liberia) (2012); 8,532 (Cote d'Ivoire; flight from 2010 post-election fighting) (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; major transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and, to a lesser extent, South American cocaine destined for Europe and the US; widespread crime and money laundering problem, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money laundering center; significant domestic cocaine and cannabis use" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/gm-gambia.json b/africa/gm-gambia.json deleted file mode 100644 index 3499cc5a..00000000 --- a/africa/gm-gambia.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,590 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The Gambia gained its independence from the UK in 1965. Geographically surrounded by Senegal, it formed a short-lived federation of Senegambia between 1982 and 1989. In 1991 the two nations signed a friendship and cooperation treaty, but tensions have flared up intermittently since then. Yahya JAMMEH led a military coup in 1994 that overthrew the president and banned political activity. A new constitution and presidential elections in 1996, followed by parliamentary balloting in 1997, completed a nominal return to civilian rule. JAMMEH has been elected president in all subsequent elections including most recently in late 2011." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and Senegal" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "13 28 N, 16 34 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "11,295 sq km", - "land": "10,000 sq km", - "water": "1,295 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly less than twice the size of Delaware" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "740 km", - "border_countries": "Senegal 740 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "80 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "18 nm", - "exclusive_fishing_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "extent not specified" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; hot, rainy season (June to November); cooler, dry season (November to May)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "flood plain of the Gambia River flanked by some low hills" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "unnamed elevation 53 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "fish, clay, silica sand, titanium (rutile and ilmenite), tin, zircon" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "39.82%", - "permanent_crops": "0.44%", - "other": "59.73% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "50 sq km (2011)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "8 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.09 cu km/yr (41%/21%/39%)", - "per_capita": "65.77 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "drought (rainfall has dropped by 30% in the last 30 years)" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation; desertification; water-borne diseases prevalent" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "almost an enclave of Senegal; smallest country on the continent of Africa" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Gambian(s)", - "adjective": "Gambian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "African 99% (Mandinka 42%, Fula 18%, Wolof 16%, Jola 10%, Serahuli 9%, other 4%), non-African 1% (2003 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim 90%, Christian 8%, indigenous beliefs 2%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "1,883,051 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "39.2% (male 369,966/female 367,285)", - "15_24_years": "21.1% (male 196,194/female 201,206)", - "25_54_years": "32.5% (male 299,837/female 312,864)", - "55_64_years": "4% (male 36,330/female 38,464)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.2% (male 28,722/female 32,183) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "93.5 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "88.9 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "4.6 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "21.6 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "19.9 years", - "male": "19.6 years", - "female": "20.2 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.29% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "32.59 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "7.38 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-2.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "57.3% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "3.63% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "BANJUL (capital) 436,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.96 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.95 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.9 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "360 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "67.63 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "73.15 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "61.94 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "64.09 years", - "male": "61.78 years", - "female": "66.47 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "3.98 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "13.3% (2010)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "5.7% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.04 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.1 beds/1,000 population (2011)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 92% of population; rural: 85% of population; total: 89% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 8% of population; rural: 15% of population; total: 11% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 70% of population; rural: 65% of population; total: 68% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 30% of population; rural: 35% of population; total: 32% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "2% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "18,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", - "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "7.9% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "15.8% (2006)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "3.9% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "51.1%", - "male": "60.9%", - "female": "41.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "8.6 years (2008)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "103,389", - "percentage": "25 % (2006 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of The Gambia", - "conventional_short_form": "The Gambia" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Banjul", - "geographic_coordinates": "13 27 N, 16 34 W", - "time_difference": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "5 divisions and 1 city*; Banjul*, Central River, Lower River, North Bank, Upper River, Western" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "18 February 1965 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 18 February (1965)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "approved by national referendum 8 August 1996; effective 16 January 1997" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law, Islamic law, and customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Yahya JAMMEH (since 18 October 1996); note - from 1994 to 1996 he was chairman of the junta; Vice President Isatou NJIE-SAIDY (since 20 March 1997); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Yahya JAMMEH (since 18 October 1996); Vice President Isatou NJIE-SAIDY (since 20 March 1997)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); election last held on 24 November 2011 (next to be held in 2016)", - "election_results": "Yahya JAMMEH reelected president; percent of vote - Yahya JAMMEH 71.5%, Ousainou DARBOE 17.4%, Hamat BAH 11.1%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly (53 seats; 48 members elected by popular vote, 5 appointed by the president; members to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 29 March 2012 (next to be held in 2017)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - APRC 51.8%, independents 38.8%, NRP 9.4%; seats by party - APRC 43, independents 4, NRP 1", - "note": "except for the NRP, all opposition parties boycotted the 29 March 2012 legislative elections" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of The Gambia (consists of the chief justice and 6 other justices); note - court sessions held with 5 justices", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "justices appointed by the president after consultation with the Judicial Service Commission, a 6-member independent body of high-level judicial officials, a presidential appointee, and a National Assembly appointee; justices appointed for life or until mandatory retirement age", - "subordinate_courts": "Court of Appeal; High Court; Special Criminal Court; Khadis or Muslim courts; district tribunals; magistrates courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction or APRC [Yahya JAMMEH] (the ruling party); Gambia People's Democratic Party or GPDP [Henry GOMEZ]; National Alliance for Democracy and Development or NADD [Halifa SALLAH]; National Convention Party or NCP [Sheriff DIBBA]; National Reconciliation Party or NRP [Hamat BAH]; People's Democratic Organization for Independence and Socialism or PDOIS [Halifa SALLAH]; United Democratic Party or UDP [Ousainou DARBOE]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "National Environment Agency or NEA; West African Peace Building Network-Gambian Chapter or WANEB-GAMBIA; Youth Employment Network Gambia or YENGambia", - "other": "special needs group advocates; teachers and principals" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Baboucarr JARROW", - "chancery": "Suite 240, Georgetown Plaza, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 785-1379, 1399, 1425", - "fax": "[1] (202) 342-0240" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Edward M. ALFORD", - "embassy": "Kairaba Avenue, Fajara, Banjul", - "mailing_address": "P. M. B. No. 19, Banjul", - "telephone": "[220] 439-2856, 437-6169, 437-6170", - "fax": "[220] 439-2475" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue with white edges, and green; red stands for the sun and the savannah, blue represents the Gambia River, and green symbolizes forests and agriculture; the white stripes denote unity and peace" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "lion" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"For The Gambia, Our Homeland\"", - "lyrics_music": "Virginia Julie HOWE/adapted by Jeremy Frederick HOWE", - "note": "adopted 1965; the music is an adaptation of the traditional Mandinka song \"Foday Kaba Dumbuya\"" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "The Gambia has sparse natural resource deposits and a limited agricultural base, and relies in part on remittances from workers overseas and tourist receipts. About three-quarters of the population depends on the agricultural sector for its livelihood and the sector provides for about one-quarter of GDP. The agricultural sector has untapped potential - less than half of arable land is cultivated. Small-scale manufacturing activity features the processing of peanuts, fish, and hides. The Gambia's natural beauty and proximity to Europe has made it one of the larger markets for tourism in West Africa, boosted by government and private sector investments in eco-tourism and upscale facilities. In 2012, however, sluggish tourism led to a decline in GDP. Tourism brings in about one-fifth of GDP. Agriculture also took a hit in 2012 due to unfavorable weather patterns. The Gambia's re-export trade accounts for almost 80% of goods exports. Unemployment and underemployment rates remain high. Economic progress depends on sustained bilateral and multilateral aid, on responsible government economic management, and on continued technical assistance from multilateral and bilateral donors. International donors and lenders continue to be concerned about the quality of fiscal management and The Gambia's debt burden." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$3.459 billion (2012 est.); $3.327 billion (2011 est.); $3.476 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$918 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.9% (2012 est.); -4.3% (2011 est.); 6.5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$1,900 (2012 est.); $1,900 (2011 est.); $2,000 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "11.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 15.3% of GDP (2011 est.); 16.6% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "81.9%", - "government_consumption": "16.1%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "27.8%", - "investment_in_inventories": "1.7%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "42%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-69.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "22.3%", - "industry": "18.3%", - "services": "59.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "rice, millet, sorghum, peanuts, corn, sesame, cassava (manioc), palm kernels; cattle, sheep, goats" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "processing peanuts, fish, and hides; tourism, beverages, agricultural machinery assembly, woodworking, metalworking, clothing" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "777,100 (2007)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "75%", - "industry": "19%", - "services": "6% (1996)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "48.4% (2010 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2%", - "highest_10%": "36.9% (2003)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "50.2 (1998); " - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$180.8 million", - "expenditures": "$208.9 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "19.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-3.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "4.7% (2012 est.); 4.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "9% (31 December 2009); 11% (31 December 2008)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "26.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 28% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$212.2 million (31 December 2012 est.); $220.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$512.2 million (31 December 2012 est.); $487.9 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$374.4 million (31 December 2012 est.); $380.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$155.5 million (2012 est.); -$119.1 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$104.7 million (2012 est.); $104.5 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "peanut products, fish, cotton lint, palm kernels" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "China 57.3%, India 18%, France 4.6%, UK 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$360.3 million (2012 est.); $328.4 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "foodstuffs, manufactures, fuel, machinery and transport equipment" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 27.1%, Senegal 8.4%, Brazil 8%, UK 6.3%, India 6%, Indonesia 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$236.2 million (31 December 2012 est.); $223.2 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$480.6 million (31 December 2012 est.); $466.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "dalasis (GMD) per US dollar -; 32.0771 (2012 est.); 29.4615 (2011 est.); 28.012 (2010 est.); 26.6444 (2009); 22.75 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "240 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "223.2 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "53,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "3,181 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "41.62 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "2,913 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "291,000 Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "50,400 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "1.4 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "adequate microwave radio relay and open-wire network; state-owned Gambia Telecommunications partially privatized in 2007", - "domestic": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity, aided by multiple mobile-cellular providers, is roughly 80 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 220; microwave radio relay links to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau; a landing station for the Africa Coast to Europe (ACE) undersea fiber-optic cable is scheduled for completion in 2011; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-owned, single-channel TV service; state-owned radio station and 4 privately owned radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available, some via shortwave radio; cable and satellite TV subscription services are obtainable in some parts of the country (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".gm" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "656 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "130,100 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "1", - "over_3_047_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "3,742 km", - "paved": "723 km", - "unpaved": "3,019 km (2004)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "390 km (on River Gambia; small ocean-going vessels can reach 190 km) (2010)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "4", - "by_type": "passenger/cargo 3, petroleum tanker 1 (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Banjul" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Office of the Chief of Defense Staff: Gambian National Army (GNA), Gambian Navy (GN), Republican National Guard (RNG) (2010)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "423,306", - "females_age_16_49": "438,641 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "315,176", - "females_age_16_49": "347,017 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "20,508", - "female": "20,853 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.7% of GDP (2011)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "attempts to stem refugees, cross-border raids, arms smuggling, and other illegal activities by separatists from southern Senegal's Casamance region, as well as from conflicts in other west African states" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "9,042 (Senegal) (2012)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "The Gambia is a source, transit, and destination country for women and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; Gambian women, children, and, to a lesser extent, boys are exploited for prostitution and domestic servitude; women, girls, and boys from West African countries are trafficked to the Gambia for sexual exploitation, particularly catering to European tourists seeking sex with children; some Gambian trafficking victims have been identified in neighboring West African countries and the UK; boys in some Koranic schools are forced into street vending or begging", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - The Gambia does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government has sustained its modest anti-trafficking law enforcement efforts, opening some investigations but failing to initiate any prosecutions or to formally identify any victims; a government program was launched providing resources and financial support to 12 Koranic schools on the condition that their students are not forced to beg (2013)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/gn-guinea.json b/africa/gn-guinea.json deleted file mode 100644 index 96c54494..00000000 --- a/africa/gn-guinea.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,600 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Guinea has had a history of authoritarian rule since gaining its independence from France in 1958. Lansana CONTE came to power in 1984 when the military seized the government after the death of the first president, Sekou TOURE. Guinea did not hold democratic elections until 1993 when Gen. CONTE (head of the military government) was elected president of the civilian government. He was reelected in 1998 and again in 2003, though all the polls were marred by irregularities. History repeated itself in December 2008 when following President CONTE's death, Capt. Moussa Dadis CAMARA led a military coup, seizing power and suspending the constitution. His unwillingness to yield to domestic and international pressure to step down led to heightened political tensions that culminated in September 2009 when presidential guards opened fire on an opposition rally killing more than 150 people, and in early December 2009 when CAMARA was wounded in an assassination attempt and evacuated to Morocco and subsequently to Burkina Faso. A transitional government led by Gen. Sekouba KONATE held democratic elections in 2010 and Alpha CONDE was elected president in the country's first free and fair elections since independence. CONDE in July 2011 survived an attack on his residence allegedly perpetrated by the military. In October 2012, he announced a cabinet reshuffle that removed three members of the military from their positions, making the current administration Guinea's first all-civilian government." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "11 00 N, 10 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "245,857 sq km", - "land": "245,717 sq km", - "water": "140 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Oregon" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "3,399 km", - "border_countries": "Cote d'Ivoire 610 km, Guinea-Bissau 386 km, Liberia 563 km, Mali 858 km, Senegal 330 km, Sierra Leone 652 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "320 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "generally flat coastal plain, hilly to mountainous interior" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Mont Nimba 1,752 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "bauxite, iron ore, diamonds, gold, uranium, hydropower, fish, salt" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "11.59%", - "permanent_crops": "2.81%", - "other": "85.6% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "949.2 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "226 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.55 cu km/yr (39%/10%/51%)", - "per_capita": "64.3 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation; inadequate supplies of potable water; desertification; soil contamination and erosion; overfishing, overpopulation in forest region; poor mining practices have led to environmental damage" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "the Niger and its important tributary the Milo have their sources in the Guinean highlands" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Guinean(s)", - "adjective": "Guinean" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Peuhl 40%, Malinke 30%, Soussou 20%, smaller ethnic groups 10%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "French (official)", - "note": "each ethnic group has its own language" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim 85%, Christian 8%, indigenous beliefs 7%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "11,176,026 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "42.2% (male 2,383,432/female 2,333,960)", - "15_24_years": "19.4% (male 1,096,664/female 1,075,842)", - "25_54_years": "30.4% (male 1,700,026/female 1,691,910)", - "55_64_years": "4.4% (male 235,705/female 259,752)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.6% (male 175,896/female 222,839) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "83.2 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "77.5 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.7 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "17.5 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "18.6 years", - "male": "18.4 years", - "female": "18.8 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.64% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "36.3 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "9.94 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "35.4% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "3.86% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "CONAKRY (capital) 1.597 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.9 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.79 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "18.8 (2005 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "610 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "57.11 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "60.14 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "53.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "59.11 years", - "male": "57.6 years", - "female": "60.66 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "4.99 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "5.6% (2012)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "4.9% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.1 physicians/1,000 population (2005)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.3 beds/1,000 population (2011)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 90% of population; rural: 65% of population; total: 74% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 10% of population; rural: 35% of population; total: 26% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 32% of population; rural: 11% of population; total: 18% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 68% of population; rural: 89% of population; total: 82% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "1.3% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "79,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "4,700 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", - "aerosolized_dust_or_soil_contact_disease": "Lassa fever", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "4.4% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "20.8% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "3.1% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "41%", - "male": "52%", - "female": "30% (2010 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "10 years", - "male": "11 years", - "female": "8 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "571,774", - "percentage": "25 % (2003 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Guinea", - "conventional_short_form": "Guinea", - "local_long_form": "Republique de Guinee", - "local_short_form": "Guinee", - "former": "French Guinea" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Conakry", - "geographic_coordinates": "9 30 N, 13 42 W", - "time_difference": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "33 prefectures and 1 special zone (zone special)*; Beyla, Boffa, Boke, Conakry*, Coyah, Dabola, Dalaba, Dinguiraye, Dubreka, Faranah, Forecariah, Fria, Gaoual, Gueckedou, Kankan, Kerouane, Kindia, Kissidougou, Koubia, Koundara, Kouroussa, Labe, Lelouma, Lola, Macenta, Mali, Mamou, Mandiana, Nzerekore, Pita, Siguiri, Telimele, Tougue, Yomou" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "2 October 1958 (from France)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 2 October (1958)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "7 May 2010 (Loi Fundamentale)" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system based on the French model" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Alpha CONDE (since 21 December 2010)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Mohamed Said FOFANA (since 24 December 2010)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); candidate must receive a majority of the votes cast to be elected president; election last held on 27 June 2010 with a runoff election held on 7 November 2010", - "election_results": "Alpha CONDE elected president in a runoff election; percent of vote Alpha CONDE 52.5%, Cellou Dalein DIALLO 47.5%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "the legislature was dissolved by junta leader Moussa Dadis CAMARA in December 2008 and in February 2010, the Transition Government appointed a 155 member National Transition Council (CNT) that has since acted in the legislature's place", - "elections": "last held on 30 June 2002 (next election scheduled for 24 September 2013)" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (organized into Constitutional, Civil, Penal, Commercial, and Administrative Chambers, and Chamber of Accounts; court consists of the first president, chamber presidents, and NA members)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "court first president appointed by the national president after consultation with the National Assembly; other members appointed by presidential decree; member tenure NA", - "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; courts of first instance or Tribunal de Premiere Instance; labor court; military tribunal; High Court of Justice; justices of the peace" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "National Party for Hope and Development or PEDN [Lansana KOUYATE]; Rally for the Guinean People or RPG [Alpha CONDE]; Union for the Progress of Guinea or UPG [Jean Marie DORE]; Union of Democratic Forces of Guinea or UFDG [Cellou Dalein DIALLO]; Union of Republican Forces or UFR [Sidya TOURE]; ", - "note": "listed are the five most popular parties as of December 2012; overall, there are more than 130 registered parties" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "National Confederation of Guinean Workers-Labor Union of Guinean Workers or CNTG-USTG Alliance (includes National Confederation of Guinean Workers or CNTG and Labor Union of Guinean Workers or USTG); Syndicate of Guinean Teachers and Researchers or SLECG" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Blaise CHERIF", - "chancery": "2112 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 986-4300", - "fax": "[1] (202) 478-3010" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Patricia Newton MOLLER", - "embassy": "Koloma, Conakry, east of Hamdallaye Circle", - "mailing_address": "B. P. 603, Transversale No. 2, Centre Administratif de Koloma, Commune de Ratoma, Conakry", - "telephone": "[224] 65-10-40-00", - "fax": "[224] 65-10-42-97" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and green; red represents the people's sacrifice for liberation and work; yellow stands for the sun, for the riches of the earth, and for justice; green symbolizes the country's vegetation and unity", - "note": "uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia; the colors from left to right are the reverse of those on the flags of neighboring Mali and Senegal" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Liberte\" (Liberty)", - "lyrics_music": "unknown/Fodeba KEITA", - "note": "adopted 1958" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Guinea is a poor country that possesses major mineral, hydropower, and agricultural resources. The country has almost half of the world's bauxite reserves and significant iron ore, gold, and diamond reserves. However, Guinea has been unable to profit from this potential, as rampant corruption, dilapidated infrastructure, and political uncertainty have drained investor confidence. In the time since a 2008 coup following the death of long-term President Lansana CONTE, international donors, including the G-8, the IMF, and the World Bank, have significantly curtailed their development programs. Throughout 2009, policies of the ruling military junta severely weakened the economy. The junta leaders spent and printed money at an accelerating rate, driving inflation and debt to perilously high levels. In early 2010, the junta collapsed and was replaced by a transition government, which ceded power in December 2010 to the country's first-ever democratically elected president, Alpha CONDE. International assistance and investment are expected to return to Guinea, but the levels will depend upon the ability of the new government to combat corruption, reform its banking system, improve its business environment, and build infrastructure. IMF and World Bank programs will be especially critical as Guinea attempts to gain debt relief. International investors have expressed keen interest in Guinea''s vast iron ore reserves, which could further propel the country''s growth. The government put forward a new mining code in September 2011 that includes provisions to combat corruption, protect the environment, and review all existing mining contracts. Longer range plans to deploy broadband Internet throughout the country could spur economic growth as well." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$12.37 billion (2012 est.); $11.9 billion (2011 est.); $11.45 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$5.632 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.9% (2012 est.); 3.9% (2011 est.); 1.9% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$1,100 (2012 est.); $1,100 (2011 est.); $1,100 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "-20.9% of GDP (2012 est.); -6.4% of GDP (2011 est.); 3.6% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "88.6%", - "government_consumption": "14.7%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "17.4%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "26.6%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-47.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "22%", - "industry": "45%", - "services": "33% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "rice, coffee, pineapples, palm kernels, cassava (manioc), bananas, sweet potatoes; cattle, sheep, goats; timber" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "bauxite, gold, diamonds, iron; alumina refining; light manufacturing, and agricultural processing" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "4.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "4.771 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "76%", - "industry_and_services": "24% (2006 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "47% (2006 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.7%", - "highest_10%": "30.3% (2007)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "39.4 (2007); 40.3 (1994)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$1.328 billion", - "expenditures": "$1.639 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "23.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-5.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "15.2% (2012 est.); 21.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "NA% (31 December 2010 est.); 22.25% (31 December 2005)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "27% (31 December 2012 est.); 28% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$1.428 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.38 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$1.915 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.731 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$1.468 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.533 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$1.754 billion (2012 est.); -$1.215 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$1.348 billion (2012 est.); $1.428 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "bauxite, alumina, gold, diamonds, coffee, fish, agricultural products" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "India 10.3%, Spain 9.2%, Chile 9%, US 6.9%, Germany 6.1%, Ireland 6%, Ukraine 5.5%, France 4.8% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$2.606 billion (2012 est.); $2.097 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "petroleum products, metals, machinery, transport equipment, textiles, grain and other foodstuffs" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 14%, Netherlands 7.6% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$174.3 million (31 December 2012 est.); $111.8 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$2.584 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.139 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Guinean francs (GNF) per US dollar -; 6,986.1 (2012 est.); 6,658 (2011 est.); 5,726.1 (2010 est.); 5,500 (2009); 5,500 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "955 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "888.2 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "393,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "68.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "31.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "8,671 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "8,970 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "1.392 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "18,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "4.5 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "inadequate system of open-wire lines, small radiotelephone communication stations, and new microwave radio relay system", - "domestic": "Conakry reasonably well-served; coverage elsewhere remains inadequate and large companies tend to rely on their own systems for nationwide links; fixed-line teledensity less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership is expanding and exceeds 40 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 224; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "government maintains marginal control over broadcast media; single state-run TV station; state-run radio broadcast station also operates several stations in rural areas; a steadily increasing number of privately owned radio stations, nearly all in Conakry, and about a dozen community radio stations; foreign TV programming available via satellite and cable subscription services (2011)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".gn" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "15 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "95,000 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "16 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "4", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "12", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "7", - "914_to_1_523_m": "3", - "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "1,185 km", - "standard_gauge": "238 km 1.435-m gauge", - "narrow_gauge": "947 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "44,348 km", - "paved": "4,342 km", - "unpaved": "40,006 km (2003)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "1,300 km (navigable by shallow-draft native craft in the northern part of the Niger system) (2011)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Conakry, Kamsar" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "National Armed Forces: Army, Guinean Navy (Armee de Mer or Marine Guineenne, includes Marines), Guinean Air Force (Force Aerienne de Guinee) (2009)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-25 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; 18-month conscript service obligation (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,359,203", - "females_age_16_49": "2,329,784 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,493,991", - "females_age_16_49": "1,535,418 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "118,443", - "female": "115,901 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "3.4% of GDP (2011)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "conflicts among rebel groups, warlords, and youth gangs in neighboring states have spilled over into Guinea resulting in domestic instability; Sierra Leone considers Guinea's definition of the flood plain limits to define the left bank boundary of the Makona and Moa rivers excessive and protests Guinea's continued occupation of these lands, including the hamlet of Yenga, occupied since 1998" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "6,552 (Cote d'Ivoire); 5,400 (Liberia) (2012)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Guinea is a source, transit, and, to a lesser extent, a destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; the majority of trafficking victims are Guinean children; Guinean girls are subjected to domestic servitude and commercial sexual exploitation, while boys are forced to beg, work as street vendors or shoe shiners, or miners; some Guinean children are forced to mine in Senegal, Mali, and possibly other West African countries; Guinean women and girls are subjected to domestic servitude and sex trafficking in Nigeria, Cote d'Ivoire, Benin, Senegal, Greece, and Spain, while Chinese and Vietnamese women are reportedly forced into prostitution in Guinea", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Guinea does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; a new police unit has been created to focus on human trafficking and child labor; the government has initiated five new trafficking investigations but has failed to prosecute or convict any trafficking offenders, which represents a decrease in anti-trafficking law enforcement over the previous year; the government fails to provide victims with protective services and has not supported NGOs that assist victims but continues to refer child victims to NGOs on an ad hoc basis; Guinean law does not prohibit all forms of trafficking, excluding, for example, forced prostitution of adults and debt bondage, which are not criminalized (2013)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/gq-equatorial-guinea.json b/africa/gq-equatorial-guinea.json deleted file mode 100644 index db4c5f97..00000000 --- a/africa/gq-equatorial-guinea.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,582 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Equatorial Guinea gained independence in 1968 after 190 years of Spanish rule. This tiny country, composed of a mainland portion plus five inhabited islands, is one of the smallest on the African continent. President Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO has ruled the country since 1979 when he seized power in a coup. Although nominally a constitutional democracy since 1991, the 1996, 2002, and 2009 presidential elections - as well as the 1999, 2004, and 2008 legislative elections - were widely seen as flawed. The president exerts almost total control over the political system and has discouraged political opposition. Equatorial Guinea has experienced rapid economic growth due to the discovery of large offshore oil reserves, and in the last decade has become Sub-Saharan Africa's third largest oil exporter. Despite the country's economic windfall from oil production, resulting in a massive increase in government revenue in recent years, improvements in the population's living standards have been slow to develop." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Central Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Cameroon and Gabon" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "2 00 N, 10 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "28,051 sq km", - "land": "28,051 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Maryland" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "539 km", - "border_countries": "Cameroon 189 km, Gabon 350 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "296 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; always hot, humid" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "coastal plains rise to interior hills; islands are volcanic" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Pico Basile 3,008 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, natural gas, timber, gold, bauxite, diamonds, tantalum, sand and gravel, clay" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "4.63%", - "permanent_crops": "2.5%", - "other": "92.87% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "26 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.02 cu km/yr (80%/15%/5%)", - "per_capita": "31.41 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "violent windstorms; flash floods", - "volcanism": "Santa Isabel (elev. 3,007 m), which last erupted in 1923, is the country's only historically active volcano; Santa Isabel, along with two dormant volcanoes, form Bioko Island in the Gulf of Guinea" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "tap water is not potable; deforestation" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "insular and continental regions widely separated" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Equatorial Guinean(s) or Equatoguinean(s)", - "adjective": "Equatorial Guinean or Equatoguinean" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Fang 85.7%, Bubi 6.5%, Mdowe 3.6%, Annobon 1.6%, Bujeba 1.1%, other 1.4% (1994 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Spanish (official) 67.6%, other (includes French (official), Fang, Bubi) 32.4% (1994 census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "nominally Christian and predominantly Roman Catholic, pagan practices" - }, - "population": { - "text": "704,001 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "41% (male 146,797/female 142,034)", - "15_24_years": "19.4% (male 69,547/female 67,096)", - "25_54_years": "31.3% (male 109,062/female 111,489)", - "55_64_years": "4.2% (male 12,647/female 16,708)", - "65_years_and_over": "4.1% (male 12,163/female 16,458) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "71.4 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "66.6 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "4.8 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "21 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "19.2 years", - "male": "18.7 years", - "female": "19.8 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.58% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "34.35 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "8.59 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "39.5% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "3.16% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "MALABO (capital) 137,000 (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.97 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.76 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.75 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "240 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "73.12 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "74.18 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "72.03 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "63.12 years", - "male": "62.09 years", - "female": "64.18 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "4.74 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "10.1% (2000)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "4.5% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.3 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "2.1 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 45% of population; rural: 42% of population; total: 43% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 55% of population; rural: 58% of population; total: 57% of population (2000 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "5% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "20,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_disease": "malaria and dengue fever", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "10.6% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "10.6% (2004)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "0.6% of GDP (2003)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "94.2%", - "male": "97.1%", - "female": "91.1% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "8 years", - "male": "9 years", - "female": "7 years (2002)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "35,382", - "percentage": "28 % (2000 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Equatorial Guinea", - "conventional_short_form": "Equatorial Guinea", - "local_long_form": "Republica de Guinea Ecuatorial/Republique de Guinee equatoriale", - "local_short_form": "Guinea Ecuatorial/Guinee equatoriale", - "former": "Spanish Guinea" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Malabo", - "geographic_coordinates": "3 45 N, 8 47 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "7 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Annobon, Bioko Norte, Bioko Sur, Centro Sur, Kie-Ntem, Litoral, Wele-Nzas" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "12 October 1968 (from Spain)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 12 October (1968)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "approved by national referendum 17 November 1991; amended January 1995 and November 2011" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed system of civil and customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Brig. Gen. (Ret.) Teodoro OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo (since 3 August 1979 when he seized power in a military coup)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Vicente Ehate TOMI (since 22 May 2012)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (two term limits); election last held on 29 November 2009 (next to be held in 2015); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president; note - according to the constitutional referendum on November 2011, elections are to be held in 2015 and the presidency is limited to two terms", - "election_results": "Teodoro OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo reelected president; percent of vote - Teodoro OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo 95.8%, Placido Mico ABOGO 3.6%, other 0.6%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (70 seats; 55 seats directly elected and 15 appointed by the president) and the House of People's Representatives or Camara de Representantes del Pueblo (100 seats; members directly elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 26 May 2013 (next to be held in 2018)", - "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDGE 54, CPDS 1; House of People's Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDGE 99, CPDS 1", - "note": "note - Parliament has little power since the constitution vests all executive authority in the president; the constitutional referendum of 2011 established a bicameral legislature formed following the May 2013 elections; the newly formed Senate consists of elected and appointed (by the President) members" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Justice (consists of the chief justice and NA judges); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president and 4 members)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the president for 5-year terms; Constitutional Court members appointed by the president", - "subordinate_courts": "Court of Guarantees; military courts; Courts of Appeal; first instance tribunals; district and county tribunals" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Convergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS [Placido MICO Abogo]; Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE [Teodoro OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo] (ruling party); Electoral Coalition or EC; Party for Progress of Equatorial Guinea or PPGE [Severo MOTO]; Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea or APGE [Avelino MOCACHE]; Popular Union or UP [Daniel MARTINEZ Ayecaba]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "ASODEGUE (Madrid-based pressure group for democratic reform); EG Justice (US-based anti-corruption group)" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, CPLP (associate), FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO (observer)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Roman OBAMA Ekua", - "chancery": "2020 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 518-5700", - "fax": "[1] (202) 518-5252", - "consul_generals": "Houston" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Mark L. ASQUINO", - "embassy": "K-3, Carretera de Aeropuerto, Al lado de Restaurante El Paraiso, Malabo", - "mailing_address": "B.P. 817, Yaounde, Cameroon; US Embassy Yaounde, US Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2520", - "telephone": "[240] 333 09 88 95" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red, with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side and the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms has six yellow six-pointed stars (representing the mainland and five offshore islands) above a gray shield bearing a silk-cotton tree and below which is a scroll with the motto UNIDAD, PAZ, JUSTICIA (Unity, Peace, Justice); green symbolizes the jungle and natural resources, blue represents the sea that connects the mainland to the islands, white stands for peace, and red recalls the fight for independence" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "silk cotton tree" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Caminemos pisando la senda\" (Let Us Tread the Path)", - "lyrics_music": "Atanasio Ndongo MIYONO/Atanasio Ndongo MIYONO or Ramiro Sanchez LOPEZ (disputed)", - "note": "adopted 1968" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "The discovery and exploitation of large oil and gas reserves have contributed to dramatic economic growth, but fluctuating oil prices have produced huge swings in GDP growth in recent years. The economy is still dominated by hydrocarbon production. The government has solicited foreign investment, particularly from the United States, to diversify the economy. Undeveloped natural resources include gold, zinc, diamonds, columbite-tantalite, and other base metals. Forestry and farming are also minor components of GDP. Subsistence farming is the dominant form of livelihood. Although pre-independence Equatorial Guinea counted on cocoa production for hard currency earnings, the neglect of the rural economy under successive regimes has diminished potential for agriculture-led growth. The government has stated its intention to reinvest some oil revenue into agriculture. A number of aid programs sponsored by the World Bank and the IMF have been cut off since 1993 because of corruption and mismanagement. The government has been widely criticized for its lack of transparency and misuse of oil revenues. The government has made efforts to address this issue working towards compliance with the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative in 2010. The economy recovered from the global recession in 2011-12 stimulated by higher oil prices and large investments in public infrastructure and hotels." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$19.6 billion (2012 est.); $19.21 billion (2011 est.); $18.38 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$17.21 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "2% (2012 est.); 4.5% (2011 est.); -2.6% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$26,400 (2012 est.); $26,600 (2011 est.); $26,100 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2010 US dollars; population figures are uncertain for Equatorial Guinea; these per capita income figures are based on a estimated population of less than 700,000; some estimates put the figure as high as 1.2 million people; if true, the per capita GDP figures would be significantly lower" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "23% of GDP (2012 est.); 27% of GDP (2011 est.); 35.4% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "36.7%", - "government_consumption": "3.2%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "32.4%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.6%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "69.3%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-42.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "3.1%", - "industry": "89%", - "services": "7.9% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "coffee, cocoa, rice, yams, cassava (manioc), bananas, palm oil nuts; livestock; timber" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "petroleum, natural gas, sawmilling" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "4.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "195,200 (2007)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "22.3% (2009 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$6.429 billion", - "expenditures": "$6.585 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "37.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-0.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "7.7% of GDP (2012 est.); 7.5% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "5.7% (2012 est.); 7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "8.5% (31 December 2010 est.); 4.25% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "15% (31 December 2012 est.); 15% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$2.683 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.936 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$3.115 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.166 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$439.5 million (31 December 2012 est.); $570.8 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$290.2 million (2012 est.); -$945 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$14.73 billion (2012 est.); $13.85 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "petroleum products, timber" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Japan 18.8%, France 16.1%, China 11.7%, US 11.3%, Spain 7.1%, Netherlands 7.1%, Italy 5.1% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$7.558 billion (2012 est.); $6.55 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "petroleum sector equipment, other equipment, construction materials, vehicles" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Spain 18%, China 17%, US 10.8%, France 7.9%, Cote dIvoire 6.7%, Italy 5.8%, Brazil 4.3% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$4.035 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.054 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$1.852 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.49 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar -; 510.53 (2012 est.); 471.87 (2011 est.); 495.28 (2010 est.); 472.19 (2009); 447.81 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "97 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "90.21 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "31,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "96.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "3.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "302,500 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "299,400 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "1.1 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "1,588 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "25,670 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "4,561 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "6.74 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "1.58 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "5.16 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "36.81 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "5.005 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "13,500 (2010)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "426,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "digital fixed-line network in most major urban areas and good mobile coverage", - "domestic": "fixed-line density is about 2 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership has been increasing and in 2011 stood at about 60 percent of the population", - "international": "country code - 240; international communications from Bata and Malabo to African and European countries; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state maintains control of broadcast media with domestic broadcast media limited to 1 state-owned TV station, 1 state-owned radio station, and 1 private radio station owned by the president's eldest son; satellite TV service is available; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are accessible (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".gq" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "7 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "14,400 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "7 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "6", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "condensate 42 km; condensate/gas 5 km; gas 79 km; oil 71 km (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "2,880 km (2000)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "5", - "by_type": "cargo 1, chemical tanker 1, petroleum tanker 3", - "foreign_owned": "1 (Norway 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Bata, Luba, Malabo" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Equatorial Guinea Armed Forces (FAGE): Equatorial Guinea National Guard (Guardia Nacional de Guinea Ecuatoria, GNGE (Army), with Coast Guard (Navy) and Air Wing) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for selective compulsory military service, although conscription is rare in practice; 18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary service; 2-year service obligation; women hold only administrative positions in the Coast Guard (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "151,147", - "females_age_16_49": "150,345 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "113,277", - "females_age_16_49": "115,320 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "7,398", - "female": "7,126 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.1% of GDP (2011)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "in 2002, ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but a dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River and imprecisely defined maritime coordinates in the ICJ decision delayed final delimitation; UN urged Equatorial Guinea and Gabon to resolve the sovereignty dispute over Gabon-occupied Mbane and lesser islands and to create a maritime boundary in the hydrocarbon-rich Corisco Bay" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Equatorial Guinea is a source and destination country for women and children subjected to forced labor and sexual exploitation; children have been trafficked from nearby countries for work as domestic servants, market laborers, ambulant vendors, and launderers; women may also be trafficked to Equatorial Guinea from Cameroon, Benin, other neighboring countries, and China for forced labor or prostitution; Equatorial Guinean girls may be encouraged by their parents to engage in the sex trade in urban centers to receive groceries, gifts, housing, and money", - "tier_rating": "Tier 3 - Equatorial Guinea does not fully comply with the minimum standards on the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government has initiated no investigations or prosecutions of suspected trafficking offenses and demonstrated no efforts to identify victims or to provide them with necessary services, despite being required to do so under its 2004 anti-trafficking law; the government shows a slight increase in its efforts to prevent trafficking with the creation in 2012 of a working-level committee to combat human trafficking, but it has not launched any public anti-trafficking campaigns or implemented any programs to address forced child labor (2013)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/gw-guinea-bissau.json b/africa/gw-guinea-bissau.json deleted file mode 100644 index 1bff20bf..00000000 --- a/africa/gw-guinea-bissau.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,576 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Since independence from Portugal in 1974, Guinea-Bissau has experienced considerable political and military upheaval. In 1980, a military coup established authoritarian dictator Joao Bernardo 'Nino' VIEIRA as president. Despite setting a path to a market economy and multiparty system, VIEIRA's regime was characterized by the suppression of political opposition and the purging of political rivals. Several coup attempts through the 1980s and early 1990s failed to unseat him. In 1994 VIEIRA was elected president in the country's first free elections. A military mutiny and resulting civil war in 1998 eventually led to VIEIRA's ouster in May 1999. In February 2000, a transitional government turned over power to opposition leader Kumba YALA after he was elected president in transparent polling. In September 2003, after only three years in office, YALA was overthrown in a bloodless military coup, and businessman Henrique ROSA was sworn in as interim president. In 2005, former President VIEIRA was re-elected president pledging to pursue economic development and national reconciliation; he was assassinated in March 2009. Malam Bacai SANHA was elected in an emergency election held in June 2009, but he passed away in January 2012 from an existing illness. A military coup in April 2012 prevented Guinea-Bissau's second-round presidential election - to determine SANHA's successor - from taking place." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Senegal" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "12 00 N, 15 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "36,125 sq km", - "land": "28,120 sq km", - "water": "8,005 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly less than three times the size of Connecticut" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "724 km", - "border_countries": "Guinea 386 km, Senegal 338 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "350 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly low coastal plain rising to savanna in east" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "unnamed elevation in the eastern part of the country 300 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "fish, timber, phosphates, bauxite, clay, granite, limestone, unexploited deposits of petroleum" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "8.3%", - "permanent_crops": "6.92%", - "other": "84.78% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "225.6 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "31 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.18 cu km/yr (18%/6%/76%)", - "per_capita": "135.7 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season; brush fires" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; overfishing" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "this small country is swampy along its western coast and low-lying inland" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Bissau-Guinean(s)", - "adjective": "Bissau-Guinean" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "African 99% (includes Balanta 30%, Fula 20%, Manjaca 14%, Mandinga 13%, Papel 7%), European and mulatto less than 1%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Portuguese (official), Crioulo, African languages" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim 50%, indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian 10%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "1,660,870 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "40% (male 331,406/female 332,662)", - "15_24_years": "20.2% (male 166,339/female 168,906)", - "25_54_years": "31.9% (male 263,190/female 266,963)", - "55_64_years": "4.7% (male 28,333/female 49,322)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.2% (male 20,807/female 32,942) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "79.7 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "74.5 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.2 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "19.3 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "19.7 years", - "male": "19.1 years", - "female": "20.2 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.95% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "34.28 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "14.77 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "43.9% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "3.59% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "BISSAU (capital) 302,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.58 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.64 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.95 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "790 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "92.66 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "102.42 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "82.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "49.5 years", - "male": "47.53 years", - "female": "51.52 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "4.37 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "14% (2010)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "8.5% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.05 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.96 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 91% of population; rural: 53% of population; total: 64% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 9% of population; rural: 47% of population; total: 36% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 44% of population; rural: 9% of population; total: 20% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 56% of population; rural: 91% of population; total: 80% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "2.5% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "22,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "1,200 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "4.9% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "17.2% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "55.3%", - "male": "68.9%", - "female": "42.1% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "9.5 years (2006)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "226,316", - "percentage": "57 % (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Guinea-Bissau", - "conventional_short_form": "Guinea-Bissau", - "local_long_form": "Republica da Guine-Bissau", - "local_short_form": "Guine-Bissau", - "former": "Portuguese Guinea" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Bissau", - "geographic_coordinates": "11 51 N, 15 35 W", - "time_difference": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "9 regions (regioes, singular - regiao); Bafata, Biombo, Bissau, Bolama, Cacheu, Gabu, Oio, Quinara, Tombali; note - Bolama may have been renamed Bolama-Bijagos" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "24 September 1973 (declared); 10 September 1974 (from Portugal)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 24 September (1973)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "16 May 1984; amended several times" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil law (influenced by the early French Civil Code) and customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "[Transitional] President Manuel Serifo NHAMADJO (since 11 May 2012)", - "note": "in the aftermath of the April 2012 coup that deposed the government, an agreement was reached between ECOWAS mediators and the military junta to name NHAMADJO as transitional president with a one-year term; the transitional government has scheduled a presidential election for 24 November 2013", - "head_of_government": "[Transitional] Prime Minister Rui Duarte BARROS (since 16 May 2012)", - "cabinet": "NA", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); election last held on 18 March 2012 with a runoff between the two leading candidates scheduled for 22 April 2012; prime minister appointed by the president after consultation with party leaders in the legislature", - "election_results": "with no candidate receiving a minimum 50% of the vote in the first round, a runoff between the two leading candidates was scheduled for 22 April 2012; percent of vote (first round) - Carlos GOMES Junior 49.0%, Kumba YALA 23.4%, others 27.6%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National People's Assembly or Assembleia Nacional Popular (100 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 16 November 2008 (legislative elections scheduled for 24 November 2013)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - PAIGC 49.8%, PRS 25.3%, PRID 7.5%, PND 2.4%, AD 1.4%, other parties 13.6%; seats by party - PAIGC 67, PRS 28, PRID 3, PND 1, AD 1" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Justice (consists of 9 judges and organized into Civil, Criminal, and Social and Administrative Disputes Chambers) note - the Supreme Court has both appellate and constitutional jurisdiction", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges nominated by the Higher Council of the Magistrate, a major government organ responsible for judge appointments, dismissals, and discipline of the judiciary; judges appointed by the president with tenure for life", - "subordinate_courts": "Appeal Court; regional (first instance) courts; military court" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde or PAIGC [Rui Dia de SOUSA]; Democratic Alliance or AD [Victor MANDINGA]; New Democracy Party or PND; Party for Social Renewal or PRS [Sory DJALO]; Republican Party for Independence and Development or PRID [Aristides GOMES]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU (suspended), CPLP, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "none; note - Guinea-Bissau does not have official representation in Washington, DC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "text": "the US Embassy suspended operations on 14 June 1998 in the midst of violent conflict between forces loyal to then President VIEIRA and military-led junta; the US Ambassador to Senegal is accredited to Guinea-Bissau" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and green with a vertical red band on the hoist side; there is a black five-pointed star centered in the red band; yellow symbolizes the sun; green denotes hope; red represents blood shed during the struggle for independence; the black star stands for African unity", - "note": "uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia; the flag design was heavily influenced by the Ghanaian flag" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Esta e a Nossa Patria Bem Amada\" (This Is Our Beloved Country)", - "lyrics_music": "Amilcar Lopes CABRAL/XIAO He", - "note": "adopted 1974; a delegation from Portuguese Guinea visited China in 1963 and heard music by XIAO He; Amilcar Lopes CABRA, the leader of Guinea-Bissau's independence movement, asked the composer to create a piece that would inspire his people to struggle for independence" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "One of the poorest countries in the world, Guinea-Bissau's legal economy depends mainly on farming and fishing, but trafficking in narcotics is probably the most lucrative trade. The combination of limited economic prospects, a weak and faction-ridden government, and favorable geography have made this West African country a way station for drugs bound for Europe. Cashew crops have increased remarkably in recent years; low rainfall hindered cereals and other crops in 2011. Guinea-Bissau exports fish and seafood along with small amounts of peanuts, palm kernels, and timber. Rice is the major crop and staple food. However, intermittent fighting between Senegalese-backed government troops and a military junta destroyed much of the country's infrastructure and caused widespread damage to the economy in 1998; the civil war led to a 28% drop in GDP that year, with partial recovery in 1999-2002. In December 2003, the World Bank, IMF, and UNDP were forced to step in to provide emergency budgetary support in the amount of $107 million for 2004, representing over 80% of the total national budget. The government is successfully implementing a three-year $33 million extended credit arrangement with the IMF that runs through 2012. In December 2010 the World Bank and IMF announced support for $1.2 billion worth of debt relief. Guinea-Bissau made progress with debt relief in 2011 when members of the Paris Club opted to write-off much of the country''s obligations." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$1.963 billion (2012 est.); $1.992 billion (2011 est.); $1.891 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$870 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "-1.5% (2012 est.); 5.3% (2011 est.); 3.5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$1,200 (2012 est.); $1,300 (2011 est.); $1,200 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "86.3%", - "government_consumption": "12.9%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "12.9%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "21.9%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-33.9% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "55.7%", - "industry": "13.2%", - "services": "31% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "rice, corn, beans, cassava (manioc), cashew nuts, peanuts, palm kernels, cotton; timber; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "agricultural products processing, beer, soft drinks" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "632,700 (2007)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "82%", - "industry_and_services": "18% (2000 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.9%", - "highest_10%": "28% (2002)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$129.1 million", - "expenditures": "$153.4 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "14.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-2.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.4% (2012 est.); 5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "4.25% (31 December 2009); 4.75% (31 December 2008)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "15% (31 December 2012 est.); 15% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$266.1 million (31 December 2012 est.); $308.7 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$414.3 million (31 December 2012 est.); $364.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$170.2 million (31 December 2012 est.); $122.4 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$151.4 million (2012 est.); -$95.9 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$139.8 million (2012 est.); $244.6 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "fish, shrimp; cashew nuts, peanuts, palm kernels, sawn lumber" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "India 56%, Nigeria 28.4%, Togo 6.6% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$237 million (2012 est.); $327.6 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Portugal 27.8%, Senegal 16.8%, US 7.1%, China 4.8%, Cuba 4.2% (2012)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$1.095 billion (31 December 2010 est.); $941.5 million (31 December 2000 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -; 510.53 (2012 est.); 471.87 (2011 est.); 495.28 (2010 est.); 472.19 (2009); 447.81 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "65 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "60.45 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "21,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "2,922 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "2,578 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "461,700 Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "5,000 (2010)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "869,100 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "small system including a combination of microwave radio relay, open-wire lines, radiotelephone, and mobile-cellular communications", - "domestic": "fixed-line teledensity less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 50 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 245 (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "1 state-owned TV station and a second station, Radio e Televisao de Portugal (RTP) Africa, is operated by Portuguese public broadcaster (RTP); 1 state-owned radio station, several private radio stations, and some community radio stations; multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".gw" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "90 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "37,100 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "8 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "2", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "6", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2", - "under_914_m": "3 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "3,455 km", - "paved": "965 km", - "unpaved": "2,490 km (2002)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "(rivers are navigable for some distance; many inlets and creeks give shallow-water access to much of interior) (2012)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Bissau, Buba, Cacheu, Farim" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "People's Revolutionary Armed Force (FARP): Army, Navy, National Air Force (Forca Aerea Nacional); Presidential Guard (2012)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-25 years of age for selective compulsory military service (Air Force service is voluntary); 16 years of age or younger, with parental consent, for voluntary service (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "370,790", - "females_age_16_49": "372,171 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "205,460", - "females_age_16_49": "212,277 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "17,639", - "female": "17,865 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "4.3% of GDP (2011)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "in 2006, political instability within Senegal's Casamance region resulted in thousands of Senegalese refugees, cross-border raids, and arms smuggling into Guinea-Bissau" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "7,700 (Senegal) (2012)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Guinea-Bissau is a country of origin and destination for children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; the scope of the problem of trafficking women or men for forced labor or forced prostitution is unknown; boys reportedly are transported to southern Senegal for forced manual and agricultural labor; girls may be subjected to forced domestic service and child prostitution in Senegal and Guinea; both boys and girls are forced to work as street vendors in cities in Guinea-Bissau and Senegal", - "tier_rating": "Tier 3 - the government of Guinea-Bissau does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; despite enacting an anti-trafficking law and finalizing and adopting a national action plan in 2011, authorities have not conducted any investigations or prosecutions of trafficking offenses; the government has not provided adequate protection to identified trafficking victims, conducted any tangible prevention activities in 2012, or made progress on the implementation of its national action plan (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "increasingly important transit country for South American cocaine en route to Europe; enabling environment for trafficker operations thanks to pervasive corruption; archipelago-like geography around the capital facilitates drug smuggling" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/ke-kenya.json b/africa/ke-kenya.json deleted file mode 100644 index 9d3989ab..00000000 --- a/africa/ke-kenya.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,629 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Founding president and liberation struggle icon Jomo KENYATTA led Kenya from independence in 1963 until his death in 1978, when President Daniel MOI took power in a constitutional succession. The country was a de facto one-party state from 1969 until 1982 when the ruling Kenya African National Union (KANU) made itself the sole legal party in Kenya. MOI acceded to internal and external pressure for political liberalization in late 1991. The ethnically fractured opposition failed to dislodge KANU from power in elections in 1992 and 1997, which were marred by violence and fraud, but were viewed as having generally reflected the will of the Kenyan people. President MOI stepped down in December 2002 following fair and peaceful elections. Mwai KIBAKI, running as the candidate of the multiethnic, united opposition group, the National Rainbow Coalition (NARC), defeated KANU candidate Uhuru KENYATTA and assumed the presidency following a campaign centered on an anticorruption platform. KIBAKI's NARC coalition splintered in 2005 over a constitutional review process. Government defectors joined with KANU to form a new opposition coalition, the Orange Democratic Movement (ODM), which defeated the government's draft constitution in a popular referendum in November 2005. KIBAKI's reelection in December 2007 brought charges of vote rigging from ODM candidate Raila ODINGA and unleashed two months of violence in which as many as 1,500 people died. African Union-sponsored mediation led by former UN Secretary General Kofi ANNAN in late February 2008 resulted in a power-sharing accord bringing ODINGA into the government in the restored position of prime minister. The power sharing accord included a broad reform agenda, the centerpiece of which was constitutional reform. In August 2010, Kenyans overwhelmingly adopted a new constitution in a national referendum. The new constitution introduced additional checks and balances to executive power and significant devolution of power and resources to 47 newly created counties. It also eliminated the position of prime minister following the first presidential election under the new constitution, which occurred on 4 March 2013. Uhuru KENYATTA, the son of founding president Jomo KENYATTA, won the March elections in the first round by a close margin and was sworn into office on 9 April 2013." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "1 00 N, 38 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "580,367 sq km", - "land": "569,140 sq km", - "water": "11,227 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly more than twice the size of Nevada" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "3,477 km", - "border_countries": "Ethiopia 861 km, Somalia 682 km, South Sudan 232 km, Tanzania 769 km, Uganda 933 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "536 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile plateau in west" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Indian Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Mount Kenya 5,199 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "limestone, soda ash, salt, gemstones, fluorspar, zinc, diatomite, gypsum, wildlife, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "9.48%", - "permanent_crops": "1.12%", - "other": "89.4% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "1,032 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "30.7 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "2.74 cu km/yr (17%/4%/79%)", - "per_capita": "72.96 cu m/yr (2003)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "recurring drought; flooding during rainy seasons", - "volcanism": "limited volcanic activity; the Barrier (elev. 1,032 m) last erupted in 1921; South Island is the only other historically active volcano" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "water pollution from urban and industrial wastes; degradation of water quality from increased use of pesticides and fertilizers; water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; poaching" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "the Kenyan Highlands comprise one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa; glaciers are found on Mount Kenya, Africa's second highest peak; unique physiography supports abundant and varied wildlife of scientific and economic value" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Kenyan(s)", - "adjective": "Kenyan" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Meru 6%, other African 15%, non-African (Asian, European, and Arab) 1%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous languages" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Christian 82.5% (Protestant 47.4%, Catholic 23.3%, other 11.8%), Muslim 11.1%, Traditionalists 1.6%, other 1.7%, none 2.4%, unspecified 0.7% (2009 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "44,037,656 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "42.4% (male 9,357,084/female 9,299,586)", - "15_24_years": "18.8% (male 4,148,153/female 4,147,896)", - "25_54_years": "32.4% (male 7,210,891/female 7,070,217)", - "55_64_years": "3.6% (male 719,374/female 876,458)", - "65_years_and_over": "2.7% (male 529,873/female 678,124) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "81.5 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "76.6 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "4.9 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "20.6 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "18.9 years", - "male": "18.8 years", - "female": "19 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.27% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "30.08 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "7.12 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "24% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "4.36% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "NAIROBI (capital) 3.375 million; Mombassa 966,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.82 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.79 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "19.8", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2009 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "360 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "42.18 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "46.89 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "37.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "63.29 years", - "male": "61.84 years", - "female": "64.77 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "3.76 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "45.5% (2008/09)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "4.8% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.14 physicians/1,000 population (2002)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.4 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 82% of population; rural: 52% of population; total: 59% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 18% of population; rural: 48% of population; total: 41% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 32% of population; rural: 32% of population; total: 32% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 68% of population; rural: 68% of population; total: 68% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "6.3% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "1.5 million (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "80,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_disease": "malaria, dengue fever, and Rift Valley fever", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "4.2% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "16.4% (2009)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "6.7% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "87.4%", - "male": "90.6%", - "female": "84.2% (2010 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "11 years", - "male": "11 years", - "female": "11 years (2009)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "2,146,058", - "percentage": "26 % (2000 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Kenya", - "conventional_short_form": "Kenya", - "local_long_form": "Republic of Kenya/Jamhuri ya Kenya", - "local_short_form": "Kenya", - "former": "British East Africa" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Nairobi", - "geographic_coordinates": "1 17 S, 36 49 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "47 counties; Baringo, Bomet, Bungoma, Busia, Elgeyo/Marakwet, Embu, Garissa, Homa Bay, Isiolo, Kajiado, Kakamega, Kericho, Kiambu, Kilifi, Kirinyaga, Kisii, Kisumu, Kitui, Kwale, Laikipia, Lamu, Machakos, Makueni, Mandera, Marsabit, Meru, Migori, Mombasa, Murang'a, Nairobi City, Nakuru, Nandi, Narok, Nyamira, Nyandarua, Nyeri, Samburu, Siaya, Taita/Taveta, Tana River, Tharaka-Nithi, Trans Nzoia, Turkana, Uasin Gishu, Vihiga, Wajir, West Pokot" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "12 December 1963 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 12 December (1963); Madaraka Day, 1 June (1963); Mashujaa Day, 20 October (2010)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "27 August 2010; note - the new constitution introduced major institutional, electoral, and structural reforms, including devolution of power to 47 counties and establishment of a bicameral legislature; implementation of all elements of the constitution is scheduled to take five years and requires significant legislative action, much of which has been taken" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law, Islamic law, and customary law; judicial review in a new Supreme Court established pursuant to the new constitution" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Uhuru KENYATTA (since 9 April 2013); Deputy President William RUTO (since 9 April 2013); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Uhuru KENYATTA (since 9 April 2013); Deputy President William RUTO (since 9 April 2013); note - according to the 2008 power sharing agreement the role of prime minister was created though not well defined, following the new constitution the position was abolished after the March 2013 elections", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); in addition to receiving a simple majority of votes, the presidential candidate must also win 25% or more of the vote in at least five of Kenya's seven provinces and one area to avoid a runoff; election last held on 4 March 2013 (next to be held in 2018); vice president appointed by the president; note - the new constitution had set elections for August 2011 but elections were delayed to 2013", - "election_results": "President Uhuru KENYATTA elected in first round; percent of vote - Uhuru KENYATTA 50.5%, Raila ODINGA 43.7%, Musalia MUDAVADI 4.0%, other 1.8%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral parliament consists of a Senate (67 seats) and a National Assembly (349 seats); members to serve five-year terms", - "elections": "last held on 4 March 2013 (next to be held in 2018)", - "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ODM 96, TNA 89, URP 75, WDM-K 26, UDF 12, FORD-K 10, KANU 6, NFK 6, APK 5, FORD-P 4, Independents 4, other 16 National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ODM 96, TNA 89, URP 75, WDM-K 26, UDF 12, FORD-K 10, KANU 6, NFK 6, APK 5, FORD-P 4, Independents 4, other 16" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of chief and deputy chief justices and five judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "chief and deputy chief justices nominated by Judicial Service Commission (JCS) and appointed by president with approval of the National Assembly; other judges nominated by the JCS and appointed by president; chief justice serves nonrenewable 10-year terms or till age 70 whichever comes first; other judges serve till age 70", - "subordinate_courts": "High Court; Court of Appeal; courts martial; magistrates' courts; religious courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Kenya African National Union or KANU [Gideon MOI]; The National Party Alliance or TNA [Uhuru KENYATTA]; National Rainbow Coalition-Kenya or NARC-Kenya [Martha KARUA]; Orange Democratic Movement of Kenya or ODM [Raila ODINGA]; Orange Democratic Movement-Kenya or ODM-K [Kalonzo MUSYOKA]; Party of National Unity or PNU [Mwai KIBAKI]; United Democratic Forum Party or UDF [Musalia MUDAVADI]; United Republican Party or URP [William RUTO]; Wiper Democratic Movement or WDM [Kalonzo MUSYOKA]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Council of Islamic Preachers of Kenya or CIPK [Sheikh Idris MOHAMMED]; Kenya Human Rights Commission [L. Muthoni WANYEKI]; Muslim Human Rights Forum [Ali-Amin KIMATHI]; National Muslim Leaders Forum or NAMLEF [Abdullahi ABDI]; Protestant National Council of Churches of Kenya or NCCK [Canon Peter Karanja MWANGI]; Roman Catholic and other Christian churches; Supreme Council of Kenya Muslims or SUPKEM [Shaykh Abdul Gafur al-BUSAIDY]; ", - "other": "labor unions, Kenya Association of Manufacturers, Kenya Private Sector Alliance" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, COMESA, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Elkanah ODEMBO Absalom", - "chancery": "2249 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 387-6101", - "fax": "[1] (202) 462-3829", - "consulates_general": "Los Angeles", - "consulates": "New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Robert F. GODEC", - "embassy": "US Embassy, United Nations Avenue, Nairobi; P. O. Box 606 Village Market, Nairobi 00621", - "mailing_address": "Box 21A, Unit 64100, APO AE 09831", - "telephone": "[254] (20) 363-6000", - "fax": "[254] (20) 363-6157" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green; the red band is edged in white; a large Maasai warrior's shield covering crossed spears is superimposed at the center; black symbolizes the majority population, red the blood shed in the struggle for freedom, green stands for natural wealth, and white for peace; the shield and crossed spears symbolize the defense of freedom" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "lion" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu\" (Oh God of All Creation)", - "lyrics_music": "Graham HYSLOP, Thomas KALUME, Peter KIBUKOSYA, Washington OMONDI, and George W. SENOGA-ZAKE/traditional, adapted by Graham HYSLOP, Thomas KALUME, Peter KIBUKOSYA, Washington OMONDI, and George W. SENOGA-ZAKE", - "note": "adopted 1963; the anthem is based on a traditional Kenyan folk song" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Kenya has been hampered by corruption and by reliance upon several primary goods whose prices have remained low. Low infrastructure investment threatens Kenya's long-term position as the largest East African economy. In the key December 2002 elections, Daniel MOI's 24-year-old reign ended, and a new opposition government took on the formidable economic problems facing the nation. After some early progress in rooting out corruption and encouraging donor support, the KIBAKI government was rocked by high-level graft scandals in 2005 and 2006. In 2006, the World Bank and IMF delayed loans pending action by the government on corruption. The international financial institutions and donors have since resumed lending, despite little action on the government''s part to deal with corruption. Unemployment is very high. The country has experienced chronic budget deficits, inflationary pressures, and sharp currency depreciation - as a result of high food and fuel import prices. The discovery of oil in March 2012 provides an opportunity for Kenya to balance its growing trade deficit if the deposits are found to be commercially viable and Kenya is able to develop a port and pipeline to export its oil." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$77.14 billion (2012 est.); $73.67 billion (2011 est.); $70.58 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$41.12 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "4.7% (2012 est.); 4.4% (2011 est.); 5.8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$1,800 (2012 est.); $1,800 (2011 est.); $1,800 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "11.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 11% of GDP (2011 est.); 11.9% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "74.6%", - "government_consumption": "17.8%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "22%", - "investment_in_inventories": "-0.6%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "28%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-41.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "24.2%", - "industry": "14.8%", - "services": "61% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "tea, coffee, corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruit, vegetables; dairy products, beef, pork, poultry, eggs" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, clothing, soap, cigarettes, flour), agricultural products, horticulture, oil refining; aluminum, steel, lead; cement, commercial ship repair, tourism" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "18.89 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "75%", - "industry_and_services": "25% (2007 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "40% (2008 est.); 40% (2001 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "50% (2000 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1.8%", - "highest_10%": "37.8% (2005)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "42.5 (2008 est.); 44.9 (1997)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$7.418 billion", - "expenditures": "$9.485 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "18% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "51.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 52.9% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 July - 30 June" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "9.4% (2012 est.); 14% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "7% (31 December 2010 est.); NA% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "19.7% (31 December 2012 est.); 15.05% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$8.264 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $7.32 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$21.23 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $17.89 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$19.59 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $18.25 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$10.2 billion (31 December 2011); $14.46 billion (31 December 2010); $10.76 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$3.948 billion (2012 est.); -$3.536 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$6.285 billion (2012 est.); $5.792 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "tea, horticultural products, coffee, petroleum products, fish, cement" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Uganda 10.5%, Tanzania 10.2%, Netherlands 7.1%, UK 6.7%, US 5.8%, Egypt 5.2%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 4.5% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$15.1 billion (2012 est.); $14.16 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and transportation equipment, petroleum products, motor vehicles, iron and steel, resins and plastics" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "India 20.7%, China 15.3%, UAE 9.5%, Saudi Arabia 6.7% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$5.712 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.265 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$11.01 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $10.26 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$3.059 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.618 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$319.4 million (31 December 2012 est.); $299.4 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Kenyan shillings (KES) per US dollar -; 84.53 (2012 est.); 88.811 (2011 est.); 79.233 (2010 est.); 77.352 (2009); 68.358 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "6.573 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "5.516 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "27 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "38 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "1.706 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "43.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "43.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "12.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "32,560 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "30,960 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "79,410 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "1,065 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "34,990 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "12.25 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "283,500 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "28.08 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "inadequate; fixed-line telephone system is small and inefficient; trunks are primarily microwave radio relay; business data commonly transferred by a very small aperture terminal (VSAT) system", - "domestic": "sole fixed-line provider, Telkom Kenya, is slated for privatization; multiple providers in the mobile-cellular segment of the market fostering a boom in mobile-cellular telephone usage with teledensity reaching 65 per 100 persons in 2011", - "international": "country code - 254; landing point for the EASSy, TEAMS and SEACOM fiber-optic submarine cable systems; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "about a half-dozen privately owned TV stations and a state-owned TV broadcaster that operates 2 channels; satellite and cable TV subscription services available; state-owned radio broadcaster operates 2 national radio channels and provides regional and local radio services in multiple languages; a large number of private radio stations, including provincial stations broadcasting in local languages; transmissions of several international broadcasters available (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ke" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "71,018 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "3.996 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "197 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "16", - "over_3_047_m": "5", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2", - "914_to_1_523_m": "6", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "181", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "14", - "914_to_1_523_m": "107", - "under_914_m": "60 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "oil 4 km; refined products 928 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "2,066 km", - "narrow_gauge": "2,066 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "160,886 km", - "paved": "11,197 km", - "unpaved": "149,689 km (2008)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "none specifically, the only significant inland waterway in the country is the part of Lake Victoria within the boundaries of Kenya; Kisumu is the main port and has ferry connections to Uganda and Tanzania (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "registered_in_other_countries": "5 (Comoros 2, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2, unknown 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Kisumu, Mombasa" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Kenya Defence Forces: Kenya Army, Kenya Air Force, Kenya Navy (2012)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-26 years of age for male and female voluntary service (under 18 with parental consent), with a 9-year obligation (7 years for Kenyan Navy); applicants must be Kenyan citizens and provide a national identity card (obtained at age 18) and a school-leaving certificate; women serve under the same terms and conditions as men; mandatory retirement at age 55 (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "9,768,140", - "females_age_16_49": "9,466,257 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "6,361,268", - "females_age_16_49": "6,106,870 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "422,104", - "female": "416,927 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.8% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Kenya served as an important mediator in brokering Sudan's north-south separation in February 2005; Kenya provides shelter to almost a quarter million refugees, including Ugandans who flee across the border periodically to seek protection from Lord's Resistance Army rebels; Kenya works hard to prevent the clan and militia fighting in Somalia from spreading across the border, which has long been open to nomadic pastoralists; the boundary that separates Kenya's and Sudan's sovereignty is unclear in the \"Ilemi Triangle,\" which Kenya has administered since colonial times" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "34,800 (South Sudan); 34,000 (Ethiopia); 11,500 (Democratic Republic of Congo); 6,000 (Sudan) (2012); 471,914 (Somalia) (2013)", - "idps": "at least 300,000 (2007-08 post-election violence; the status of the estimated 300,000 IDPs from the 2007-08 post-election violence who found refuge in host communities rather than camps - and IDPs displaced through natural disasters, drought, development and environmental projects, land disputes, cattle rustling, and inter-communal violence - is not captured in Kenya's national database; in 2012, inter-communal violence displaced approximately 118,000 people and floods displaced an estimated 100,000) (2012)", - "stateless_persons": "20,000 (2012); note - the stateless population is composed of Nubians, Kenyan Somalis, and coastal Arabs; the Nubians are descendants of Sudanese soldiers recruited by the British to fight for them in East Africa more than a century ago; they did not receive Kenyan citizenship when the country became independent in 1963; only recently have Nubians become a formally recognized tribe and had less trouble obtaining national IDs; Galjeel and other Somalis who have lived in Kenya for decades are lumped in with more recent Somali refugees and denied ID cards" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Kenya is a source, transit, and destination country for adults and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; Kenyan children are forced to work in domestic service, agriculture, fishing, cattle herding, street vending, begging, and prostitution; Kenyan economic migrants to other East African countries, South Sudan, Europe, the US, and the Middle East are at times exploited in domestic servitude, massage parlors or brothels, or forced manual labor; children from Burundi, Ethiopia, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda are subjected to forced labor and prostitution in Kenya; Somali refugees living in the Dadaab complex may be forced into prostitution or work on tobacco farms", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Kenya does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; the government enacted the Counter-Trafficking in Persons Act in October 2012 but has not launched and implemented its national plan of action, convened the Counter-Trafficking in Persons Advisory Committee, taken tangible action against trafficking complicity among law enforcement officials, provided shelter and other protective services for adult victims, monitor the work of overseas labor recruitment agencies, or provide wide-scale anti-trafficking training to its officials; efforts to assist and care for child victims remain strong; corruption among officials continue to hamper efforts to bring traffickers to justice (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "widespread harvesting of small plots of marijuana; transit country for South Asian heroin destined for Europe and North America; Indian methaqualone also transits on way to South Africa; significant potential for money-laundering activity given the country's status as a regional financial center; massive corruption, and relatively high levels of narcotics-associated activities" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/km-comoros.json b/africa/km-comoros.json deleted file mode 100644 index cdcd5318..00000000 --- a/africa/km-comoros.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,562 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Comoros has endured more than 20 coups or attempted coups since gaining independence from France in 1975. In 1997, the islands of Anjouan and Moheli declared independence from Comoros. In 1999, military chief Col. AZALI seized power of the entire government in a bloodless coup, and helped negotiate the 2000 Fomboni Accords power-sharing agreement in which the federal presidency rotates among the three islands, and each island maintains its local government. AZALI won the 2002 federal presidential election, and each island in the archipelago elected its president. AZALI stepped down in 2006 and President SAMBI was elected to office. In 2007, Mohamed BACAR effected Anjouan's de-facto secession from the Union of Comoros, refusing to step down when Comoros' other islands held legitimate elections in July. The African Union (AU) initially attempted to resolve the political crisis by applying sanctions and a naval blockade to Anjouan, but in March 2008 the AU and Comoran soldiers seized the island. The island's inhabitants generally welcomed the move. In May 2011, Ikililou DHOININE won the presidency in peaceful elections widely deemed to be free and fair." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southern Africa, group of islands at the northern mouth of the Mozambique Channel, about two-thirds of the way between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "12 10 S, 44 15 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "2,235 sq km", - "land": "2,235 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly more than 12 times the size of Washington, DC" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "340 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical marine; rainy season (November to May)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "volcanic islands, interiors vary from steep mountains to low hills" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Indian Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Karthala 2,360 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "NEGL" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "44.06%", - "permanent_crops": "31.17%", - "other": "24.77% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "1.3 sq km NA (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "1.2 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.01 cu km/yr (48%/5%/47%)", - "per_capita": "16.86 cu m/yr (1999)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "cyclones possible during rainy season (December to April); volcanic activity on Grand Comore", - "volcanism": "Karthala (elev. 2,361 m) on Grand Comore Island last erupted in 2007; a 2005 eruption forced thousands of people to be evacuated and produced a large ash cloud" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "soil degradation and erosion results from crop cultivation on slopes without proper terracing; deforestation" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "important location at northern end of Mozambique Channel" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Comoran(s)", - "adjective": "Comoran" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Antalote, Cafre, Makoa, Oimatsaha, Sakalava" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Arabic (official), French (official), Shikomoro (a blend of Swahili and Arabic)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Sunni Muslim 98%, Roman Catholic 2%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "752,288 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "41.8% (male 156,812/female 157,917)", - "15_24_years": "18.7% (male 67,934/female 72,589)", - "25_54_years": "31.6% (male 112,825/female 124,991)", - "55_64_years": "4.1% (male 13,827/female 17,290)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.7% (male 13,370/female 14,733) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "81.6 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "76.4 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.2 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "19.3 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "19 years", - "male": "18.3 years", - "female": "19.6 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.97% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "30.26 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "7.97 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-2.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "28% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.84% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "MORONI (capital) 54,000 (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "0.94 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.9 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.81 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.92 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.94 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "280 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "67.12 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "78.09 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "55.82 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "63.12 years", - "male": "60.89 years", - "female": "65.41 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "3.93 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "25.7% (2000)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "4.5% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.15 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "2.2 beds/1,000 population (2006)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 91% of population; rural: 97% of population; total: 95% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 9% of population; rural: 3% of population; total: 5% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 50% of population; rural: 30% of population; total: 36% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 50% of population; rural: 70% of population; total: 64% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "fewer than 500 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "4.4% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "25% (2000)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "7.6% of GDP (2008)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "75.5%", - "male": "80.5%", - "female": "70.6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "10 years", - "male": "11 years", - "female": "9 years (2005)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "39,550", - "percentage": "27 % (2000 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Union of the Comoros", - "conventional_short_form": "Comoros", - "local_long_form": "Udzima wa Komori (Comorian); Union des Comores (French); Jumhuriyat al Qamar al Muttahidah (Arabic)", - "local_short_form": "Komori (Comorian); Comores (French); Juzur al Qamar (Arabic)" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Moroni", - "geographic_coordinates": "11 42 S, 43 14 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "3 islands and 4 municipalities*; Anjouan (Ndzuwani), Domoni*, Fomboni*, Grande Comore (N'gazidja), Moheli (Mwali), Moroni*, Moutsamoudou*" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "6 July 1975 (from France)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 6 July (1975)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "23 December 2001" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of Islamic religious law, the French civil code of 1975, and customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Ikililou DHOININE (since 26 May 2011)", - "head_of_government": "President Ikililou DHOININE (since 26 May 2011)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president", - "elections": "as defined by the 2001 constitution, the presidency rotates every four years among the elected presidents from the three main islands in the Union; election last held on 7 November and 26 December 2010 (next to be held in 2014)", - "election_results": "Ikililou DHOININE elected president; percent of vote - Ikililou DHOININE 61.1%, Mohamed Said FAZUL 32.7%, Abdou DJABIR 6.2%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Assembly of the Union (33 seats; 15 deputies are selected by the individual islands' local assemblies and 18 by universal suffrage to serve for five years);", - "elections": "last held on 6 and 20 December 2009 (next to be held in 2014)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - pro-union coalition 19, autonomous coalition 4, independents 1; note - 9 additional seats are filled by deputies from local island assemblies" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of 7 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 8 members)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges selected - 2 by the president of the Union, 2 by the Assembly of the Union, and 1 each by the 3 island councils; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court members appointed - 1 by the president, 1 each by the 3 vice presidents, 1 by the Assembly, and 1 each by the island executives; all members serve 6-year renewable terms", - "subordinate_courts": "Court of Appeals (in Moroni); Tribunal de premiere; island village (community) courts; religious courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Camp of the Autonomous Islands or CdIA (a coalition of parties organized by the islands' presidents in opposition to the Union President); Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros or CRC [AZALI Assowmani]; Front National pour la Justice or FNJ [Ahmed RACHID] (Islamic party in opposition); Mouvement pour la Democratie et le Progress or MDP-NGDC [Abbas DJOUSSOUF]; Parti Comorien pour la Democratie et le Progress or PCDP [Ali MROUDJAE]; Rassemblement National pour le Development or RND [Omar TAMOU, Abdoulhamid AFFRAITANE]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "other": "environmentalists" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AMF, AOSIS, AU, CAEU (candidates), COMESA, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Roubani KAAMBI; note - also serves as Permanent Representative to the UN", - "chancery": "Mission to the US, 866 United Nations Plaza, Suite 418, New York, NY 10017", - "telephone": "[1] (212) 750-1637", - "fax": "[1] (212) 750-1657" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Comoros; the ambassador to Madagascar is accredited to Comoros" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "four equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), white, red, and blue, with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist; centered within the triangle is a white crescent with the convex side facing the hoist and four white, five-pointed stars placed vertically in a line between the points of the crescent; the horizontal bands and the four stars represent the four main islands of the archipelago - Mwali, N'gazidja, Ndzuwani, and Mahore (Mayotte - territorial collectivity of France, but claimed by Comoros)", - "note": "the crescent, stars, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "four stars and crescent" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Udzima wa ya Masiwa\" (The Union of the Great Islands)", - "lyrics_music": "Said Hachim SIDI ABDEREMANE/Said Hachim SIDI ABDEREMANE and Kamildine ABDALLAH", - "note": "adopted 1978" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "One of the world's poorest countries, Comoros is made up of three islands that have inadequate transportation links, a young and rapidly increasing population, and few natural resources. The low educational level of the labor force contributes to a subsistence level of economic activity, high unemployment, and a heavy dependence on foreign grants and technical assistance. Agriculture, including fishing, hunting, and forestry, contributes 50% to GDP, employs 80% of the labor force, and provides most of the exports. Export income is heavily reliant on the three main crops of vanilla, cloves, and ylang-ylang; and Comoros' export earnings are easily disrupted by disasters such as fires. The country is not self-sufficient in food production; rice, the main staple, accounts for the bulk of imports. The government - which is hampered by internal political disputes - lacks a comprehensive strategy to attract foreign investment and is struggling to upgrade education and technical training, privatize commercial and industrial enterprises, improve health services, diversify exports, promote tourism, and reduce the high population growth rate. Political problems have inhibited growth, which averaged only about 1% in 2006-09 but more than 2% per year in 2010-12. Remittances from 150,000 Comorans abroad help supplement GDP. In September 2009 the IMF approved Comoros for a three-year $21 million loan, but the government has struggled to meet program targets, such as restricting spending on wages, strengthening domestic revenue collection, and moving forward on structural reforms. In December 2012, IMF and the World Bank's International Development Association supported $176 million in debt relief for Comoros, resulting in a 59% reduction of its future external debt service over a period of 40 years." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$887.4 million (2012 est.); $866 million (2011 est.); $847.5 million (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$600 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.5% (2012 est.); 2.2% (2011 est.); 2.1% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$1,300 (2012 est.); $1,300 (2011 est.); $1,300 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "96%", - "government_consumption": "17%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "18.7%", - "investment_in_inventories": "6.6%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "15.3%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-53.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "50%", - "industry": "10%", - "services": "40% (2011 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "vanilla, cloves, ylang-ylang (perfume essence), copra, coconuts, bananas, cassava (manioc)" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "fishing, tourism, perfume distillation" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "268,500 (2007 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "80%", - "industry_and_services": "20% (1996 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "20% (1996 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "60% (2002 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "0.9%", - "highest_10%": "55.2% (2004)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$166.4 million", - "expenditures": "$157.7 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "27.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "1.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "6% (2012 est.); 6.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "1.93% (31 December 2010 est.); 2.21% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "10.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 7.29% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$151.6 million (31 December 2012 est.); $128.4 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$212.1 million (31 December 2012 est.); $198.2 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$140.5 million (31 December 2012 est.); $120.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$67 million (2012 est.); -$60.4 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$19.6 million (2012 est.); $25.2 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "vanilla, ylang-ylang (perfume essence), cloves, copra" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Netherlands 58.8%, Singapore 10.6%, Turkey 9.3%, France 5.6%, India 5% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$208 million (2012 est.); $206.6 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "rice and other foodstuffs, consumer goods, petroleum products, cement, transport equipment" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Pakistan 16.9%, France 13.9%, UAE 11%, India 8.3%, China 6.5%, Kenya 5.8%, Singapore 5.1% (2012)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$136.1 million (31 December 2012 est.); $277.9 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Comoran francs (KMF) per US dollar -; 382.9 (2012 est.); 353.9 (2011 est.); 371.46 (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "52 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "48.36 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "6,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "83.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "16.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "1,025 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "1,009 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "149,600 Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "23,600 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "216,400 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "sparse system of microwave radio relay and HF radiotelephone communication stations", - "domestic": "fixed-line connections only about 3 per 100 persons; mobile cellular usage about 30 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 269; landing point for the EASSy fiber-optic submarine cable system connecting East Africa with Europe and North America; HF radiotelephone communications to Madagascar and Reunion (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "national state-owned TV station and a TV station run by Anjouan regional government; national state-owned radio; regional governments on the islands of Grande Comore and Anjouan each operate a radio station; a few independent and small community radio stations operate on the islands of Grande Comore and Moheli, and these two islands have access to Mayotte Radio and French TV (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".km" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "14 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "24,300 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "4 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "4", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "3 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "880 km", - "paved": "673 km", - "unpaved": "207 km (2002)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "149", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 16, cargo 83, carrier 5, chemical tanker 5, container 2, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 17, refrigerated cargo 10, roll on/roll off 8", - "foreign_owned": "73 (Bangladesh 1, Bulgaria 4, China 1, Cyprus 2, Greece 4, Kenya 2, Kuwait 1, Latvia 2, Lebanon 2, Lithuania 1, Nigeria 1, Norway 1, Pakistan 5, Russia 12, Syria 5, Turkey 8, UAE 8, UK 1, Ukraine 10, US 2) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Moroni, Mutsamudu" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Army of National Development (l'Armee du Developpement Nationale, AND): Comoran Security Force (also called Comoran Defense Force (Force Comorienne de Defense, FCD), includes Gendarmerie), Comoran Coast Guard, Comoran Federal Police (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for 2-year voluntary military service; no conscription; women first inducted into the Army in 2004 (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "184,236", - "females_age_16_49": "183,363 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "134,562", - "females_age_16_49": "145,797 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "8,831", - "female": "8,809 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "2.8% of GDP (2006)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "claims French-administered Mayotte and challenges France's and Madagascar's claims to Banc du Geyser, a drying reef in the Mozambique Channel; in May 2008, African Union forces were called in to assist the Comoros military recapture Anjouan Island from rebels who seized it in 2001" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Comoros is a source country for children subjected to forced labor and reportedly sex trafficking; Comoran children are forced to labor within the country in domestic service, roadside and street vending, baking, agriculture, and sometimes criminal activities; some Comoran students at Koranic schools are exploited for forced agricultural or domestic labor, sometimes being subjected to physical and sexual abuse; Comoros may be particularly vulnerable to transnational trafficking because of inadequate border controls, government corruption, and the presence of criminal networks", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Comoros does not comply fully with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; although the government provided some funding to UNICEF-supported, NGO-run centers, victim protection provisions remained very modest; the government relies on donor funding and international organization partners for the majority of its anti-trafficking efforts; a new law was passed prohibiting child trafficking and the penal code was revised to include prohibitions against and penalties for human trafficking, but these modifications await parliamentary adoption (2013)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/lr-liberia.json b/africa/lr-liberia.json deleted file mode 100644 index 95e17620..00000000 --- a/africa/lr-liberia.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,615 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Settlement of freed slaves from the US in what is today Liberia began in 1822; by 1847, the Americo-Liberians were able to establish a republic. William TUBMAN, president from 1944-71, did much to promote foreign investment and to bridge the economic, social, and political gaps between the descendants of the original settlers and the inhabitants of the interior. In 1980, a military coup led by Samuel DOE ushered in a decade of authoritarian rule. In December 1989, Charles TAYLOR launched a rebellion against DOE's regime that led to a prolonged civil war in which DOE was killed. A period of relative peace in 1997 allowed for elections that brought TAYLOR to power, but major fighting resumed in 2000. An August 2003 peace agreement ended the war and prompted the resignation of former president Charles TAYLOR, who faces war crimes charges in The Hague related to his involvement in Sierra Leone's civil war. After two years of rule by a transitional government, democratic elections in late 2005 brought President Ellen JOHNSON SIRLEAF to power. She subsequently won reelection in 2011 in a second round vote that was boycotted by the opposition and remains challenged to build Liberia's economy and reconcile a nation still recovering from 14 years of fighting. The United Nations Security Council in September 2012 passed Resolution 2066 which calls for a reduction of UN troops in Liberia by half by 2015, bringing the troop total down to fewer than 4000, and challenging Liberia's security sector to fill the gaps." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Cote d'Ivoire and Sierra Leone" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "6 30 N, 9 30 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "111,369 sq km", - "land": "96,320 sq km", - "water": "15,049 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than Tennessee" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,585 km", - "border_countries": "Guinea 563 km, Cote d'Ivoire 716 km, Sierra Leone 306 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "579 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; hot, humid; dry winters with hot days and cool to cold nights; wet, cloudy summers with frequent heavy showers" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly flat to rolling coastal plains rising to rolling plateau and low mountains in northeast" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Mount Wuteve 1,380 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "iron ore, timber, diamonds, gold, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "4.04%", - "permanent_crops": "1.62%", - "other": "94.34% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "21 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "232 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.13 cu km/yr (55%/37%/8%)", - "per_capita": "43.66 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "dust-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to March)" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "tropical rain forest deforestation; soil erosion; loss of biodiversity; pollution of coastal waters from oil residue and raw sewage" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "facing the Atlantic Ocean, the coastline is characterized by lagoons, mangrove swamps, and river-deposited sandbars; the inland grassy plateau supports limited agriculture" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Liberian(s)", - "adjective": "Liberian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Kpelle 20.3%, Bassa 13.4%, Grebo 10%, Gio 8%, Mano 7.9%, Kru 6%, Lorma 5.1%, Kissi 4.8%, Gola 4.4%, other 20.1% (2008 Census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "English 20% (official), some 20 ethnic group languages few of which can be written or used in correspondence" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Christian 85.6%, Muslim 12.2%, Traditional 0.6%, other 0.2%, none 1.4% (2008 Census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "3,989,703 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "43.6% (male 876,696/female 863,873)", - "15_24_years": "17.8% (male 345,357/female 363,746)", - "25_54_years": "31.3% (male 622,806/female 624,707)", - "55_64_years": "4.3% (male 84,252/female 87,250)", - "65_years_and_over": "3% (male 60,288/female 60,728) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "84.9 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "79.3 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.6 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "17.8 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "17.9 years", - "male": "17.7 years", - "female": "18.1 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.56% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "35.75 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "10.12 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "48.2% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "3.43% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "MONROVIA (capital) 882,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "0.95 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "19.1 (2007 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "770 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "70.93 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "75.25 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "66.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "57.81 years", - "male": "56.2 years", - "female": "59.47 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "4.92 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "11.4% (2007)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "11.9% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.01 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.8 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 88% of population; rural: 60% of population; total: 73% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 12% of population; rural: 40% of population; total: 27% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 29% of population; rural: 7% of population; total: 18% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 71% of population; rural: 93% of population; total: 82% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "1.5% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "37,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "3,600 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", - "aerosolized_dust_or_soil_contact_disease": "Lassa fever", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "4.8% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "20.4% (2007)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "2.8% of GDP (2008)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "60.8%", - "male": "64.8%", - "female": "56.8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "11 years", - "male": "13 years", - "female": "9 years (2000)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "177,160", - "percentage": "21 % (2007 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "5.1%", - "male": "3.4%", - "female": "6.6% (2010)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Liberia", - "conventional_short_form": "Liberia" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Monrovia", - "geographic_coordinates": "6 18 N, 10 48 W", - "time_difference": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "15 counties; Bomi, Bong, Gbarpolu, Grand Bassa, Grand Cape Mount, Grand Gedeh, Grand Kru, Lofa, Margibi, Maryland, Montserrado, Nimba, River Cess, River Gee, Sinoe" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "26 July 1847" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 26 July (1847)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "6 January 1986" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of common law (based on Anglo-American law) and customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Ellen JOHNSON SIRLEAF (since 16 January 2006); Vice President Joseph BOAKAI (since 16 January 2006); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Ellen JOHNSON SIRLEAF (since 16 January 2006); Vice President Joseph BOAKAI (since 16 January 2006)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a six-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 11 October and 8 November 2011 (next to be held in 2017)", - "election_results": "Ellen JOHNSON SIRLEAF reelected president; percent of vote, second round - Ellen JOHNSON SIRLEAF 90.7%, Winston TUBMAN 9.3%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral National Assembly consists of the Senate (30 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve nine-year terms) and the House of Representatives (73 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)", - "elections": "Senate - last held on 11 October 2011 (next to be held in 2014); House of Representatives - last held on 11 October 2011 (next to be held in 2017)", - "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UP 10, NPP 6, CDC 3, APD 2, NUDP 2, LDP 1, LP 1, NDC 1, NDPL 1, independents 3; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UP 24, CDC 11, LP 7, NUDP 6, NDC 5, APD 3, NPP 3, MPC 2, LDP 1, LTP 1, NRP 1, independents 9" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of a chief Justice and 4 associate justices) note - the Supreme Court has jurisdiction for all constitutional cases", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "chief justice and associate justices appointed by the president of Liberia with consent of the Senate; judges can serve until age 70", - "subordinate_courts": "judicial circuit courts; special courts including criminal, civil, labor, traffic; magistrate and traditional or customary courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Alliance for Peace and Democracy or APD [Marcus S. G. DAHN]; Congress for Democratic Change or CDC [Geraldine DOE-SHERIFF]; Liberia Destiny Party or LDP [Nathaniel BARNES]; Liberty Party or LP [Isreal ARKINSAYAN]; Liberia Transformation Party or LTP [Julius SUKU]; Movement for Progressive Change or MPC [Simeon FREEMAN]; National Democratic Coalition or NDC [Dew MAYSON]; National Democratic Party of Liberia or NDPL [D. Nyandeh SIEH]; National Patriotic Party or NPP [Theophilus C. GOULD]; National Reformist Party or NRP [Maximillian T. W. DIABE]; National Union for Democratic Progress or NUDP [Emmanuel LOMAX]; Unity Party or UP [Varney SHERMAN]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "other": "demobilized former military officers" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Jeremiah Congbeh SULUNTEH", - "chancery": "5201 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 723-0437", - "fax": "[1] (202) 723-0436", - "consulates_general": "New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Deborah R. MALAC", - "embassy": "U.S. Embassy, P.O. Box 98, 502 Benson Street, Monrovia", - "mailing_address": "P.O. Box 98, Monrovia", - "telephone": "[231] 77-677-7000", - "fax": "[231] 77-677-7370" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "11 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; a white five-pointed star appears on a blue square in the upper hoist-side corner; the stripes symbolize the signatories of the Liberian Declaration of Independence; the blue square represents the African mainland, and the star represents the freedom granted to the ex-slaves; according to the constitution, the blue color signifies liberty, justice, and fidelity, the white color purity, cleanliness, and guilelessness, and the red color steadfastness, valor, and fervor", - "note": "the design is based on the US flag" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "white star" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"All Hail, Liberia Hail!\"", - "lyrics_music": "Daniel Bashiel WARNER/Olmstead LUCA", - "note": "lyrics adopted 1847, music adopted 1860; the anthem's author would become the third president of Liberia" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Liberia is a low income country heavily reliant on foreign assistance for revenue. Civil war and government mismanagement destroyed much of Liberia's economy, especially the infrastructure in and around the capital, Monrovia. Many businesses fled the country, taking capital and expertise with them, but with the conclusion of fighting and the installation of a democratically-elected government in 2006, several have returned. Liberia has the distinction of having the highest ratio of direct foreign investment to GDP in the world. Richly endowed with water, mineral resources, forests, and a climate favorable to agriculture, Liberia had been a producer and exporter of basic products, primarily raw timber and rubber and is reviving those sectors. Local manufacturing, mainly foreign owned, had been small in scope. President JOHNSON SIRLEAF, a Harvard-trained banker and administrator, has taken steps to reduce corruption, build support from international donors, and encourage private investment. Embargos on timber and diamond exports have been lifted, opening new sources of revenue for the government and Liberia shipped its first major timber exports to Europe in 2010. The country reached its Heavily Indebted Poor Countries initiative completion point in 2010 and nearly $5 billion of international debt was permanently eliminated. This new status will enable Liberia to establish a sovereign credit rating and issue bonds. Liberia's Paris Club creditors agreed to cancel Liberia's debt as well. The IMF has completed the sixth review of Liberia's extended credit facility, bringing total disbursements to over $379 million. The African Development Bank approved a grant of $48 million in 2011 to support economic governance and competitiveness. Rebuilding infrastructure and raising incomes will depend on generous financial and technical assistance from donor countries and foreign investment in key sectors, such as infrastructure and power generation. The country has achieved high growth during 2010-12 due to favorable world prices for its commodities." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$2.719 billion (2012 est.); $2.509 billion (2011 est.); $2.326 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$1.735 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "8.3% (2012 est.); 7.9% (2011 est.); 6.1% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$700 (2012 est.); $600 (2011 est.); $600 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "NA (2012 est.); -36.6% of GDP (2011 est.); -30.6% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "125.6%", - "government_consumption": "15.2%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "25%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "27.5%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-93.3% (2011 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "76.9%", - "industry": "5.4%", - "services": "17.7% (2002 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "rubber, coffee, cocoa, rice, cassava (manioc), palm oil, sugarcane, bananas; sheep, goats; timber" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "rubber processing, palm oil processing, timber, diamonds" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "1.372 million (2007)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "70%", - "industry": "8%", - "services": "22% (2000 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "85% (2003 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "80% (2000 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.4%", - "highest_10%": "30.1% (2007)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$481.5 million", - "expenditures": "$522.3 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "27.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-2.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "2.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 0.4% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "6.9% (2012 est.); 8.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "13.52% (31 December 2012 est.); 13.75% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$322.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $406.4 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$664.1 million (31 December 2012 est.); $560.2 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$520.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $475.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$587.5 million (2012 est.); -$754.3 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$774.8 million (2012 est.); $645.7 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "rubber, timber, iron, diamonds, cocoa, coffee" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "China 24.2%, US 15.4%, Spain 11.1%, Thailand 4.5%, Cote dIvoire 4.4%, Malaysia 4.1%, France 4% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$2.275 billion (2012 est.); $2.068 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "fuels, chemicals, machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods; foodstuffs" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "South Korea 26.4%, China 24.1%, Singapore 23%, Japan 15.9% (2012)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$348 million (31 December 2012 est.); $447.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$3.574 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.912 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$201 million (31 December 2012 est.); $201 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Liberian dollars (LRD) per US dollar -; 73.515 (2012 est.); 72.227 (2011 est.); 71.403 (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "335 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "311.6 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "197,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "3,533 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "4,041 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "738,600 Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "3,200 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "2.03 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "the limited services available are found almost exclusively in the capital Monrovia; fixed-line service stagnant and extremely limited; telephone coverage extended to a number of other towns and rural areas by four mobile-cellular network operators", - "domestic": "mobile-cellular subscription base growing and teledensity reached 50 per 100 persons in 2011", - "international": "country code - 231; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "3 private TV stations; satellite TV service available; 1 state-owned radio station; about 15 independent radio stations broadcasting in Monrovia, with another 25 local stations operating in other areas; transmissions of 2 international broadcasters are available (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".lr" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "7 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "20,000 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "29 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "2", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "27", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "5", - "914_to_1_523_m": "8", - "under_914_m": "14 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "oil 4 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "429 km", - "standard_gauge": "345 km 1.435-m gauge", - "narrow_gauge": "84 km 1.067-m gauge", - "note": "most sections of the railways were inoperable because of damage suffered during the civil wars from 1980 to 2003, but many are being rebuilt (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "10,600 km", - "paved": "657 km", - "unpaved": "9,943 km (2000)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "2,771", - "by_type": "barge carrier 5, bulk carrier 662, cargo 143, carrier 2, chemical tanker 248, combination ore/oil 8, container 937, liquefied gas 92, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 526, refrigerated cargo 102, roll on/roll off 5, specialized tanker 10, vehicle carrier 27", - "foreign_owned": "2,581 (Angola 1, Argentina 1, Australia 1, Belgium 1, Bermuda 4, Brazil 20, Canada 2, Chile 9, China 4, Croatia 1, Cyprus 9, Denmark 8, Egypt 3, Germany 1185, Gibraltar 5, Greece 505, Hong Kong 48, India 8, Indonesia 4, Israel 34, Italy 47, Japan 110, Latvia 5, Lebanon 1, Monaco 8, Netherlands 31, Nigeria 4, Norway 38, Poland 13, Qatar 5, Romania 3, Russia 109, Saudi Arabia 20, Singapore 22, Slovenia 7, South Korea 2, Sweden 12, Switzerland 25, Syria 1, Taiwan 94, Turkey 16, UAE 37, UK 32, UK 22, Ukraine 10, Uruguay 1, US 53) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Buchanan, Monrovia" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL): Army, Navy, Air Force" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "815,826", - "females_age_16_49": "828,484 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "524,243", - "females_age_16_49": "544,349 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "36,585", - "female": "38,516 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.8% of GDP (2011)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "although civil unrest continues to abate with the assistance of 18,000 UN Mission in Liberia peacekeepers, as of January 2007, Liberian refugees still remain in Guinea, Cote d'Ivoire, Sierra Leone, and Ghana; Liberia, in turn, shelters refugees fleeing turmoil in Cote d'Ivoire; despite the presence of over 9,000 UN forces in Cote d'Ivoire since 2004, ethnic conflict continues to spread into neighboring states who can no longer send their migrant workers to Ivorian cocoa plantations; UN sanctions ban Liberia from exporting diamonds and timber" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "58,710 (Cote d'Ivoire) (2013)", - "idps": "undetermined (civil war from 1990-2004; unclear how many have found durable solutions; many dwell in slums in Monrovia) (2012)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Liberia is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; most victims are Liberian and are exploited within the country, where they are forced into domestic servitude, begging, prostitution, street vending, agricultural work, and diamond mining; a small number of Liberian men, women, and children are trafficked to Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, and the US, while trafficking victims are brought to Liberia from neighboring West African countries, including Sierra Leone, Guinea, Cote d'Ivoire, and Nigeria", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Liberia does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government has increased its anti-trafficking law enforcement efforts and achieved its first conviction under its 2005 anti-trafficking law; the government has failed to make adequate efforts to identify and protect trafficking victims and has not adopted or implemented the standard operating procedures for assisting victims finalized by the anti-trafficking secretariat in 2012; the referral of victims to NGOs for protective services is inconsistent (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transshipment point for Southeast and Southwest Asian heroin and South American cocaine for the European and US markets; corruption, criminal activity, arms-dealing, and diamond trade provide significant potential for money laundering, but the lack of well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a major money-laundering center" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/ls-lesotho.json b/africa/ls-lesotho.json deleted file mode 100644 index b00b8752..00000000 --- a/africa/ls-lesotho.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,585 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Basutoland was renamed the Kingdom of Lesotho upon independence from the UK in 1966. The Basuto National Party ruled the country during its first two decades. King MOSHOESHOE was exiled in 1990, but returned to Lesotho in 1992 and was reinstated in 1995 and subsequently succeeded by his son, King LETSIE III, in 1996. Constitutional government was restored in 1993 after seven years of military rule. In 1998, violent protests and a military mutiny following a contentious election prompted a brief but bloody intervention by South African and Batswana military forces under the aegis of the Southern African Development Community. Subsequent constitutional reforms restored relative political stability. Peaceful parliamentary elections were held in 2002, but the National Assembly elections of February 2007 were hotly contested and aggrieved parties disputed how the electoral law was applied to award proportional seats in the Assembly. In May 2012, competitive elections involving 18 parties saw Prime Minister Motsoahae Thomas THABANE form a coalition government - the first in the country's history - that ousted the 14-year incumbent, Pakalitha MOSISILI, who peacefully transferred power the following month." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southern Africa, an enclave of South Africa" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "29 30 S, 28 30 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "30,355 sq km", - "land": "30,355 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Maryland" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "909 km", - "border_countries": "South Africa 909 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "temperate; cool to cold, dry winters; hot, wet summers" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly highland with plateaus, hills, and mountains" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "junction of the Orange and Makhaleng Rivers 1,400 m", - "highest_point": "Thabana Ntlenyana 3,482 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "water, agricultural and grazing land, diamonds, sand, clay, building stone" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "10.14%", - "permanent_crops": "0.13%", - "other": "89.72% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "26.37 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "3.02 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.04 cu km/yr (46%/46%/9%)", - "per_capita": "21.79 cu m/yr (2000)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "periodic droughts" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "population pressure forcing settlement in marginal areas results in overgrazing, severe soil erosion, and soil exhaustion; desertification; Highlands Water Project controls, stores, and redirects water to South Africa" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked, completely surrounded by South Africa; mountainous, more than 80% of the country is 1,800 m above sea level" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Mosotho (singular), Basotho (plural)", - "adjective": "Basotho" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Sotho 99.7%, Europeans, Asians, and other 0.3%," - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Sesotho (official) (southern Sotho), English (official), Zulu, Xhosa" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Christian 80%, indigenous beliefs 20%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "1,936,181 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "33.1% (male 322,189/female 319,618)", - "15_24_years": "20.2% (male 185,931/female 205,643)", - "25_54_years": "36.3% (male 344,120/female 359,370)", - "55_64_years": "4.9% (male 50,781/female 44,399)", - "65_years_and_over": "5.4% (male 52,241/female 51,889) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "68.3 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "61.2 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "7.1 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "14.1 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "23.4 years", - "male": "23.3 years", - "female": "23.4 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.34% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "26.31 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "15.02 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-7.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "27.6% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "3.57% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "MASERU (capital) 220,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "0.9 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.96 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.14 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.99 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.97 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "21.2", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2009 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "620 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "51.93 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "55.96 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "47.78 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "52.3 years", - "male": "52.2 years", - "female": "52.39 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.83 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "47% (2009/10)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "11.1% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.05 physicians/1,000 population (2003)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.33 beds/1,000 population (2006)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 91% of population; rural: 73% of population; total: 78% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 9% of population; rural: 27% of population; total: 22% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 32% of population; rural: 24% of population; total: 26% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 68% of population; rural: 76% of population; total: 74% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "23.6% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "290,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "14,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "14.6% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "13.5% (2010)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "13% of GDP (2008)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "89.6%", - "male": "83.3%", - "female": "95.6% (2010 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "10 years", - "male": "10 years", - "female": "10 years (2006)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "103,020", - "percentage": "23 % (2000 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "34.4%", - "male": "29%", - "female": "41.9% (2008)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Kingdom of Lesotho", - "conventional_short_form": "Lesotho", - "local_long_form": "Kingdom of Lesotho", - "local_short_form": "Lesotho", - "former": "Basutoland" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Maseru", - "geographic_coordinates": "29 19 S, 27 29 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "10 districts; Berea, Butha-Buthe, Leribe, Mafeteng, Maseru, Mohale's Hoek, Mokhotlong, Qacha's Nek, Quthing, Thaba-Tseka" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "4 October 1966 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 4 October (1966)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "2 April 1993" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and Roman-Dutch law; judicial review of legislative acts in High Court and Court of Appeal" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "King LETSIE III (since 7 February 1996); note - King LETSIE III formerly occupied the throne from November 1990 to February 1995 while his father was in exile", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Motsoahae Thomas THABANE (since 8 June 2012)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet", - "elections": "according to the constitution, the leader of the majority party, or coalition of parties, in the Assembly automatically becomes prime minister; the monarchy is hereditary, but, under the terms of the constitution that came into effect after the March 1993 election, the monarch is a \"living symbol of national unity\" with no executive or legislative powers; under traditional law the college of chiefs has the power to depose the monarch, determine who is next in the line of succession, or who shall serve as regent in the event that the successor is not of mature age" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (33 members - 22 principal chiefs and 11 other members appointed by the ruling party) and the Assembly (120 seats, 80 by popular vote and 40 by proportional vote; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 26 May 2012 (next to be held in 2017)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - DC 48, ABC 30, LCD 26, BNP 5, PFD 3, NIP 2, other 6" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, such number of justices of appeal as set by Parliament, and the Chief Justice and the puisne judges of the High Court ex officio); High Court (consists of the chief justice and such number of puisne judges as set by Parliament); note - both the Court of Appeal and the High Court have jurisdiction in constitutional issues", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Court of Appeal president and High Court chief justice appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister; puisne judges appointed by the monarch on advice of the Judicial Service Commission, an independent body of judicial officers and officials designated by the monarch; judges of both courts can serve until age 75", - "subordinate_courts": "Magistrate Courts; customary or traditional courts; Courts Martial" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "All Basotho Convention or ABC [Motsoahae Thomas THABANE]; Basotho Batho Democratic Party or BBDP [Geremane RAMATHEBANE]; Basotho Congress Party or BCP [Thulo MAHLAKENG]; Basotho Democratic National Party or BDNP [Thabang NYEOE]; Basotho National Party or BNP [Thesele 'MASERIBANE]; Democratic Congress or DC [Pakalitha MOSISILI]; Lesotho Congress for Democracy or LCD [Mothetjoa METSING]; Lesotho Peoples Congress or LPC [Kelebone MAOPE]; Lesotho Workers Party or LWP [Macaefa BILLY]; Marematlou Freedom Party or MFP [Vincent MALEBO]; National Independent Party or NIP [Kimetso MATHABA]; " - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Media Institute of Southern Africa, Lesotho chapter [Tsebo MATŠASA] (pushes for media freedom)" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Eliachim Molapi SEBATANE", - "chancery": "2511 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 797-5533", - "fax": "[1] (202) 234-6815" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Carl B. FOX", - "embassy": "254 Kingsway Road, Maseru West (Consular Section)", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 333, Maseru 100, Lesotho", - "telephone": "[266] 22 312666", - "fax": "[266] 22 310116" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three horizontal stripes of blue (top), white, and green in the proportions of 3:4:3; the colors represent rain, peace, and prosperity respectively; centered in the white stripe is a black Basotho hat representing the indigenous people; the flag was unfurled in October 2006 to celebrate 40 years of independence" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Basotho hat" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Lesotho fatse la bo ntat'a rona\" (Lesotho, Land of Our Fathers)", - "lyrics_music": "Francois COILLARD/Ferdinand-Samuel LAUR", - "note": "adopted 1967; the anthem's music derives from an 1823 Swiss songbook" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Small, mountainous, and completely landlocked by South Africa, Lesotho is a least developed country in which about three-fourths of the people live in rural areas and engage in subsistence agriculture. Lesotho produces less than 20% of the nation's demand for food. Rain-fed agriculture is vulnerable to weather and climate variability; an estimated 725,500 people will require food assistance in 2012/13. The distribution of income in Lesotho remains inequitable. Lesotho relies on South Africa for much of its economic activity. Lesotho imports 90% of the goods it consumes from South Africa, including most agricultural inputs. Households depend heavily on remittances from family members working in South Africa, in mines, on farms and as domestic workers, though mining employment has declined substantially since the 1990s. Government revenue depends heavily on transfers from South Africa. Customs duties from the Southern Africa Customs Union accounted for 44% of government revenue in 2012. The South African Government also pays royalties for water transferred to South Africa from a dam and reservoir system in Lesotho. However, the government continues to strengthen its tax system to reduce dependency on customs duties and other transfers. Access to credit remains a problem for the private sector. The government maintains a large presence in the economy - public expenditures accounted for 55% of GDP in 2010 and the government remains Lesotho's largest employer. Lesotho's largest private employer is the textile and garment industry - approximately 36,000 Basotho, mainly women, work in factories producing garments for export to South Africa and the US. Diamond mining in Lesotho has grown in recent years and may contribute 8.5% to GDP by 2015, according to current forecasts. Lesotho's $362.5 million Millennium Challenge Account Compact, which focused on strengthening the healthcare system, developing the private sector, and providing access to improved water supplies and sanitation facilities, will end in September 2013. Despite the 2008/09 global economic crisis, the economy has recovered strongly with growth averaging nearly 5% per year since 2010." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$4.131 billion (2012 est.); $3.972 billion (2011 est.); $3.758 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$2.439 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "4% (2012 est.); 5.7% (2011 est.); 6.3% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$2,200 (2012 est.); $2,100 (2011 est.); $2,000 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "21.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 9.4% of GDP (2011 est.); 8.7% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "97.2%", - "government_consumption": "33.9%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "37.3%", - "investment_in_inventories": "-0.1%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "50.9%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-118.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "6.4%", - "industry": "34.6%", - "services": "59% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "corn, wheat, pulses, sorghum, barley; livestock" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "food, beverages, textiles, apparel assembly, handicrafts, construction, tourism" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "6.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "894,500 (2010 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "86%", - "industry_and_services": "14%", - "note": "most of resident population engaged in subsistence agriculture; roughly 35% of the active male wage earners work in South Africa (2002 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "25% (2008 est.); 45% (2002 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "49% (1999)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1%", - "highest_10%": "39.4% (2003)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "63.2 (1995); 56 (1986-87)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$1.658 billion", - "expenditures": "$1.536 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "68% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 April - 31 March" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "6.1% (2012 est.); 5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "9.36% (31 December 2012 est.); 10% (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "10.08% (31 December 2012 est.); 10.4% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$408.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $346.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$897 million (31 December 2012 est.); $820.4 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$82.19 million (31 December 2011 est.); $60.61 million (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$352.6 million (2012 est.); -$521.5 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$1.03 billion (2012 est.); $1.003 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "manufactures (clothing, footwear), wool and mohair, food and live animals, electricity, water, diamonds" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$2.404 billion (2012 est.); $2.296 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "food; building materials, vehicles, machinery, medicines, petroleum products" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$1.023 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $954.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$778.6 million (31 December 2012 est.); $791.9 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$242 million (31 December 2012 est.); $120 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "maloti (LSL) per US dollar -; 8.2031 (2012 est.); 7.26 (2011 est.); 7.32 (2010 est.); 8.47 (2009); 7.75 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "200 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "293 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "121 million kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "76,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "1,777 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "1,813 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "282,100 Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "38,600 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "1.232 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "rudimentary system consisting of a modest number of landlines, a small microwave radio relay system, and a small radiotelephone communication system; mobile-cellular telephone system is expanding", - "domestic": "privatized in 2001, Telecom Lesotho was tasked with providing an additional 50,000 fixed-line connections within five years, a target not met; mobile-cellular service dominates the market and is expanding with a subscribership roughly 65 per 100 persons in 2011; rural services are scant", - "international": "country code - 266; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "1 state-owned TV station and 2 state-owned radio stations; government controls most private broadcast media; satellite TV subscription service available; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters obtainable (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ls" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "11,030 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "76,800 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "24 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "3", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "21", - "914_to_1_523_m": "5", - "under_914_m": "16 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "7,091 km", - "paved": "1,404 km", - "unpaved": "5,687 km (2003)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Lesotho Defense Force (LDF): Army (includes Air Wing) (2012)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-24 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; women serve as commissioned officers (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "472,456", - "females_age_16_49": "508,953 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "270,184", - "females_age_16_49": "275,734 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "19,110", - "female": "20,037 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.9% of GDP (2012)" - }, - "military_note": { - "text": "Lesotho's declared policy is maintenance of its independent sovereignty and preservation of internal security; in practice, external security is guaranteed by South Africa; restructuring of the Lesotho Defense Force (LDF) and Ministry of Defense and Public Service over the past five years has focused on subordinating the defense apparatus to civilian control and restoring the LDF's cohesion; the restructuring has considerably improved capabilities and professionalism, but the LDF is disproportionately large for a small, poor country; the government has outlined a reduction to a planned 1,500-man strength, but these plans have met with vociferous resistance from the political opposition and from inside the LDF (2008)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique to control smuggling, poaching, and illegal migration" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Lesotho is a source, transit, and destination country for women and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking and for men subjected to forced labor; Basotho women and children are subjected to domestic servitude and children, to a lesser extent, commercial sexual exploitation within Lesotho and South Africa; some Basotho women willingly migrate to South Africa seeking work in domestic service only to be forced into prostitution; some Basotho men who voluntarily migrate to South Africa for work become victims of forced labor in agriculture and mining or are coerced into committing crimes", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Lesotho does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government has decreased its anti-trafficking law enforcement and victim protection efforts during 2012; authorities have initiated fewer prosecutions, ceased arresting suspected trafficking offenders due to a backlog of prosecutions, and stopped referring victims to NGO centers for care; the government has not implemented key portions of the 2011 anti-trafficking act, including failing to develop formal referral procedures, establish victim care centers, and complete a national action plan (2013)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/ly-libya.json b/africa/ly-libya.json deleted file mode 100644 index b3b14833..00000000 --- a/africa/ly-libya.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,605 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The Italians supplanted the Ottoman Turks in the area around Tripoli in 1911 and did not relinquish their hold until 1943 when defeated in World War II. Libya then passed to UN administration and achieved independence in 1951. Following a 1969 military coup, Col. Muammar al-QADHAFI assumed leadership and began to espouse his political system at home, which was a combination of socialism and Islam. During the 1970s, QADHAFI used oil revenues to promote his ideology outside Libya, supporting subversive and terrorist activities that included the downing of two airliners - one over Scotland, another in Northern Africa - and a discotheque bombing in Berlin. UN sanctions in 1992 isolated QADHAFI politically and economically following the attacks; sanctions were lifted in 2003 following Libyan acceptance of responsibility for the bombings and agreement to claimant compensation. QADHAFI also agreed to end Libya's program to develop weapons of mass destruction, and he made significant strides in normalizing relations with Western nations. Unrest that began in several Middle Eastern and North African countries in late 2010 erupted in Libyan cities in early 2011. QADHAFI's brutal crackdown on protesters spawned a civil war that triggered UN authorization of air and naval intervention by the international community. After months of seesaw fighting between government and opposition forces, the QADHAFI regime was toppled in mid-2011 and replaced by a transitional government. Libya in 2012 formed a new parliament and elected a new prime minister." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt, Tunisia, and Algeria" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "25 00 N, 17 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "1,759,540 sq km", - "land": "1,759,540 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than Alaska" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "4,348 km", - "border_countries": "Algeria 982 km, Chad 1,055 km, Egypt 1,115 km, Niger 354 km, Sudan 383 km, Tunisia 459 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "1,770 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "note": "Gulf of Sidra closing line - 32 degrees, 30 minutes north", - "exclusive_fishing_zone": "62 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Sabkhat Ghuzayyil -47 m", - "highest_point": "Bikku Bitti 2,267 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, natural gas, gypsum" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "0.99%", - "permanent_crops": "0.19%", - "other": "98.82% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "4,700 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "0.7 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "4.33 cu km/yr (14%/3%/83%)", - "per_capita": "796.1 cu m/yr (2000)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "desertification; limited natural freshwater resources; the Great Manmade River Project, the largest water development scheme in the world, brings water from large aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Law of the Sea" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "more than 90% of the country is desert or semidesert" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Libyan(s)", - "adjective": "Libyan" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Berber and Arab 97%, other 3% (includes Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, and Tunisians)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Arabic (official), Italian, English (all widely understood in the major cities); Berber (Nafusi, Ghadamis, Suknah, Awjilah, Tamasheq)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Sunni Muslim (official) 97%, other 3%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "6,002,347 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "includes 166,510 non-nationals" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "27.3% (male 837,984/female 800,423)", - "15_24_years": "18.6% (male 578,780/female 535,828)", - "25_54_years": "45.6% (male 1,432,265/female 1,302,187)", - "55_64_years": "4.6% (male 143,862/female 134,414)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.9% (male 120,043/female 116,561) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "52.1 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "44.8 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "7.3 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "13.7 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "27.1 years", - "male": "27.2 years", - "female": "26.9 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "4.85% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "18.74 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "3.56 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "33.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "77.7% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "TRIPOLI (capital) 1.095 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.09 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.1 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.08 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "58 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "12.26 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "13.25 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "11.22 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "75.83 years", - "male": "74.17 years", - "female": "77.57 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.09 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "45.2% (1995)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "3.9% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.9 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "3.7 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 54% of population; rural: 55% of population; total: 54% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 46% of population; rural: 45% of population; total: 46% of population (2000 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 97% of population; rural: 96% of population; total: 97% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 3% of population; rural: 4% of population; total: 3% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.3% (2001 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "10,000 (2001 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "27.8% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "5.6% (2007)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "89.5%", - "male": "95.8%", - "female": "83.3% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "16 years", - "male": "16 years", - "female": "16 years (2003)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "none", - "conventional_short_form": "Libya", - "local_long_form": "none", - "local_short_form": "Libiya" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "operates under a transitional government" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Tripoli (Tarabulus)", - "geographic_coordinates": "32 53 N, 13 10 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Friday in March; ends last Friday in October", - "note": "on 10 November 2012, Libya changed its standard time from UTC+2 to UTC+1" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "22 districts (shabiyat, singular - shabiyat); Al Butnan, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jabal al Gharbi, Al Jafarah, Al Jufrah, Al Kufrah, Al Marj, Al Marqab, Al Wahat, An Nuqat al Khams, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi, Darnah, Ghat, Misratah, Murzuq, Nalut, Sabha, Surt, Tarabulus, Wadi al Hayat, Wadi ash Shati" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "24 December 1951 (from UN trusteeship)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Liberation Day, 23 October (2011)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "none; note - Libya has yet to draft a new constitution" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "Libya's post-revolution legal system is in flux and driven by state and non-state entities" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age, universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President, General National Congress Nuri Abu SAHMAYN", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Ali ZAYDAN (since 14 October 2012); Deputy Prime Ministers Awad Ibrik Ibrahim al-BARASI, Al-Sadiq Abd al-Karim Abd al-Rahman KARIM, Abd-al-Salam Muhammad al-Mahdi al-QADI", - "cabinet": "new cabinet approved by the National Congress on 31 October 2012", - "elections": "prime minister and National Congress president elected by the National Congress", - "election_results": "NA" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral General National Congress (200 seats; 120 individual seats elected from 69 constituencies and 80 party list seats elected from 20 constituencies; member term NA)", - "elections": "first General National Congress election held on 7 July 2012 (next to be held NA)", - "election_results": "percent of vote for party list seats only - NFA 48.7%, JCP 21.3%, other parties 30%; list and constituent seats - NFA 39, JCP 17, other 24, independents 120" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "NA; note - government in transition" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Al-Watan (Homeland) Party; Justice and Construction Party or JCP [Muhammad SAWAN]; National Front (initially the National Front for the Salvation of Libya, formed in 1981 as a diaspora opposition group); National Forces Alliance or NFA [Mahmoud JIBRIL] (includes many political organizations, NGOs, and independents); Union for the Homeland [Abd al-Rahman al-SUWAYHILI]; ", - "note": "list includes some of the larger political parties and leaders" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BDEAC, CAEU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Suleiman ABULHI", - "chancery": "2600 Virginia Avenue NW, Suite 705, Washington, DC 20037", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 944-9601", - "fax": "[1] (202) 944-9606" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Deborah K. JONES", - "note": "on 11 September 2012, US Ambassador Christopher STEVENS and three other American diplomats were killed in an attack by heavily armed militants on a US diplomatic post in the eastern city of Benghazi", - "embassy": "Sidi Slim Area/Walie Al-Ahed Road, Tripoli", - "mailing_address": "US Embassy, 8850 Tripoli Place, Washington, DC 20521-8850", - "telephone": "[218] (0) 91-220-3239" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three horizontal bands of red (top), black (double width), and green with a white crescent and star centered on the black stripe; the National Transitional Council reintroduced this flag design of the former Kingdom of Libya (1951-1969) on 27 February 2011; it replaced the former all-green banner promulgated by the QADHAFI regime in 1977; the colors represent the three major regions of the country: red stands for Fezzan, black symbolizes Cyrenaica, and green denotes Tripolitania; the crescent and star represent Islam, the main religion of the country" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "star and crescent; hawk" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Allahu Akbar\" (God Is Greatest)", - "lyrics_music": "Mahmoud el-SHERIF/Abdalla Shams el-DIN", - "note": "adopted 1969; the anthem was originally a battle song for the Egyptian Army in the 1956 Suez War" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Libya's economy is structured primarily around the nation's energy sector, which generates about 95% of export earnings, 80% of GDP, and 99% of government income. Substantial revenue from the energy sector coupled with a small population give Libya one of the highest per capita GDPs in Africa, but Tripoli largely has not used its significant financial resources to develop national infrastructure or the economy, leaving many citizens poor. In the final five years of QADHAFI''s rule, Libya made some progress on economic reform as part of a broader campaign to reintegrate the country into the international fold. This effort picked up steam after UN sanctions were lifted in September 2003 and after Libya announced in December 2003 that it would abandon programs to build weapons of mass destruction. The process of lifting US unilateral sanctions began in the spring of 2004; all sanctions were removed by June 2006, helping Libya attract greater foreign direct investment, especially in the energy and banking sectors. Libyan oil and gas licensing rounds drew high international interest, but new rounds are unlikely to be successful until Libya establishes a more permanent government and is able to offer more attractive financial terms on contracts and increase security. Libya faces a long road ahead in liberalizing its primarily socialist economy, but the revolution has unleashed previously restrained entrepreneurial activity and increased the potential for the evolution of a more market-based economy. The service and construction sectors, which account for roughly 60% of GDP, expanded over the past five years and could become a larger share of GDP if Tripoli prioritizes capital spending on development projects once political and security uncertainty subside. Climatic conditions and poor soils severely limit agricultural output, and Libya imports about 80% of its food. Libya''s primary agricultural water source is the Great Manmade River Project." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$78.63 billion (2012 est.); $38.45 billion (2011 est.); $101.4 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$81.92 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "104.5% (2012 est.); -62.1% (2011 est.); 5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$12,300 (2012 est.); $6,100 (2011 est.); $15,900 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "40.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 8.2% of GDP (2011 est.); 33.9% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "42.9%", - "government_consumption": "14.2%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "4.7%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.4%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "60.7%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-23% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "1.6%", - "industry": "43.5%", - "services": "54.9% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus, vegetables, peanuts, soybeans; cattle" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "petroleum, petrochemicals, aluminum, iron and steel, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "117% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "1.875 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "17%", - "industry": "23%", - "services": "59% (2004 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "30% (2004 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%", - "note": "about one-third of Libyans live at or below the national poverty line" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$57.58 billion", - "expenditures": "$35.07 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "70.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "27.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "3.5% of GDP (2012 est.); 10.2% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "6.1% (2012 est.); 15.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "9.52% (31 December 2010 est.); 3% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "6% (31 December 2012 est.); 6% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$45.07 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $40.88 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$42.39 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $44.76 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$47.11 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $38.71 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$33.32 billion (2012 est.); $4.002 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$52.12 billion (2012 est.); $15.03 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "crude oil, refined petroleum products, natural gas, chemicals" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Italy 23.5%, Germany 12.5%, China 11.3%, France 9.7%, Spain 7.6%, UK 4.7%, US 4.5% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$18.1 billion (2012 est.); $11.17 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery, semi-finished goods, food, transport equipment, consumer products" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 13.7%, Turkey 12.3%, Italy 8.7%, Tunisia 7.3%, South Korea 6.2%, Greece 5.4%, Germany 4.9% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$117.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $105 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$5.278 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.882 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$16.72 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $16.43 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$17.17 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $16.89 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Libyan dinars (LYD) per US dollar -; 1.262 (2012 est.); 1.2242 (2011 est.); 1.2668 (2010 est.); 1.2535 (2009); 1.2112 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "28.6 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "24.29 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "124 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "73 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "6.766 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "502,400 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "1.039 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "48.08 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "309,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "314,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "84,490 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "575.3 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "16.81 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "6.844 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "9.97 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "1.495 trillion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "60.6 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "1 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "10 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "telecommunications system is state-owned and service is poor, but investment is being made to upgrade; state retains monopoly in fixed-line services; mobile-cellular telephone system became operational in 1996", - "domestic": "multiple providers for a mobile telephone system that is growing rapidly; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity has soared", - "international": "country code - 218; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat, NA Arabsat, and NA Intersputnik; submarine cable to France and Italy; microwave radio relay to Tunisia and Egypt; tropospheric scatter to Greece; participant in Medarabtel (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-funded and private TV stations; some provinces operate local TV stations; pan-Arab satellite TV stations are available; state-funded radio (2012)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ly" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "17,926 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "353,900 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "146 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "68", - "over_3_047_m": "23", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "7", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "30", - "914_to_1_523_m": "7", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "78", - "over_3_047_m": "2", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "5", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "14", - "914_to_1_523_m": "37", - "under_914_m": "20 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "2 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "condensate 882 km; gas 3,743 km; oil 7,005 km (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "100,024 km", - "paved": "57,214 km", - "unpaved": "42,810 km (2003)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "23", - "by_type": "cargo 2, chemical tanker 4, liquefied gas 3, petroleum tanker 13, roll on/roll off 1", - "foreign_owned": "2 (Kuwait 1, Norway 1)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "6 (Hong Kong 1, Malta 5) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Az Zawiyah, Marsa al Burayqah (Marsa el Brega), Ra's Lanuf, Tripoli" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "note - in transition; government attempting to staff a new national army with anti-QADAFI militia fighters and former members of QADAFI's military (2008)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for mandatory or voluntary service (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,775,078", - "females_age_16_49": "1,714,194 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,511,144", - "females_age_16_49": "1,458,934 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "59,547", - "female": "57,070 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "3.1% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "dormant disputes include Libyan claims of about 32,000 sq km still reflected on its maps of southeastern Algeria and the FLN's assertions of a claim to Chirac Pastures in southeastern Morocco; various Chadian rebels from the Aozou region reside in southern Libya" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "idps": "74,000 (conflict between pro-Qadhafi and anti-Qadhafi forces; figure does not include displaced third-country nationals) (2012)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Libya is a destination and transit country for men and women from sub-Saharan Africa and Asia subjected to forced labor and forced prostitution; migrants who seek employment in Libya as laborers and domestic workers or transit Libya en route to Europe may be subject to forced labor; private employers also recruit migrants from detention centers as forced laborers on farms and construction sites; some sub-Saharan women are reportedly forced to work in Libyan brothels", - "tier_rating": "Tier 3 - the Libyan Government does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government has failed to demonstrate significant efforts to investigate and prosecute trafficking offenders or to protect trafficking victims; policies and practices with respect to undocumented migrant workers has resulted in Libyan authorities detaining and punishing trafficking victims for unlawful acts that were committed as a result of being trafficked; no public anti-trafficking awareness campaigns are conducted; officials receive no training on trafficking issues (2013)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/ma-morocco.json b/africa/ma-morocco.json deleted file mode 100644 index 328ccaf1..00000000 --- a/africa/ma-morocco.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,623 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "In 788, about a century after the Arab conquest of North Africa, a series of Moroccan Muslim dynasties began to rule in Morocco. In the 16th century, the Sa'adi monarchy, particularly under Ahmad al-MANSUR (1578-1603), repelled foreign invaders and inaugurated a golden age. The Alaouite dynasty, to which the current Moroccan royal family belongs, dates from the 17th century. In 1860, Spain occupied northern Morocco and ushered in a half century of trade rivalry among European powers that saw Morocco's sovereignty steadily erode; in 1912, the French imposed a protectorate over the country. A protracted independence struggle with France ended successfully in 1956. The internationalized city of Tangier and most Spanish possessions were turned over to the new country that same year. Sultan MOHAMMED V, the current monarch's grandfather, organized the new state as a constitutional monarchy and in 1957 assumed the title of king. Although Morocco is not the UN-recognized Administering Power for the Western Sahara, it exercises de facto administrative control there. The UN assists with direct negotiations between Morocco and the Polisario Front, but the status of the territory remains unresolved. Gradual political reforms in the 1990s resulted in the establishment of a bicameral legislature, which first met in 1997. Morocco enjoys a moderately free press, but the government has taken action against journalists who they perceive to be challenging the monarchy, Islam, or the status of Western Sahara. Influenced by protests elsewhere in the region, in February 2011 thousands of Moroccans began weekly rallies in multiple cities across the country to demand greater democracy and end to government corruption. Overall the response of Moroccan security forces was subdued compared to the violence elsewhere in the region. King MOHAMMED VI responded quickly with a reform program that included a new constitution and early elections. The constitution was passed by popular referendum in July 2011; some new powers were extended to parliament and the prime minister, but ultimate authority remains in the hands of the monarch. In early elections in November 2012, the Justice and Development Party - a moderate Islamist party, won the largest number of seats, becoming the first Islamist party to lead the Moroccan Government. In January 2012, Morocco assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2012-13 term." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Western Sahara" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "32 00 N, 5 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "446,550 sq km", - "land": "446,300 sq km", - "water": "250 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than California" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "2,017.9 km", - "border_countries": "Algeria 1,559 km, Western Sahara 443 km, Spain (Ceuta) 6.3 km, Spain (Melilla) 9.6 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "1,835 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "Mediterranean, becoming more extreme in the interior" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "northern coast and interior are mountainous with large areas of bordering plateaus, intermontane valleys, and rich coastal plains" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Sebkha Tah -55 m", - "highest_point": "Jebel Toubkal 4,165 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "phosphates, iron ore, manganese, lead, zinc, fish, salt" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "17.79%", - "permanent_crops": "2.6%", - "other": "79.61% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "14,850 sq km (2004)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "29 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "12.61 cu km/yr (12%/4%/84%)", - "per_capita": "428.1 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "northern mountains geologically unstable and subject to earthquakes; periodic droughts" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "land degradation/desertification (soil erosion resulting from farming of marginal areas, overgrazing, destruction of vegetation); water supplies contaminated by raw sewage; siltation of reservoirs; oil pollution of coastal waters" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Environmental Modification" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location along Strait of Gibraltar" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Moroccan(s)", - "adjective": "Moroccan" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Arab-Berber 99%, other 1%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Arabic (official), Berber languages (Tamazight (official), Tachelhit, Tarifit), French (often the language of business, government, and diplomacy)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim 99% (official), Christian 1%, Jewish about 6,000" - }, - "population": { - "text": "32,649,130 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "27.1% (male 4,489,297/female 4,353,921)", - "15_24_years": "18% (male 2,918,765/female 2,951,131)", - "25_54_years": "41.7% (male 6,590,575/female 7,033,013)", - "55_64_years": "7% (male 1,135,921/female 1,135,747)", - "65_years_and_over": "6.3% (male 919,236/female 1,121,524) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "48.9 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "41.5 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "7.4 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "13.5 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "27.7 years", - "male": "27.1 years", - "female": "28.2 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.04% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "18.73 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "4.78 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-3.56 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "57% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.62% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "Casablanca 3.245 million; RABAT (capital) 1.77 million; Fes 1.044 million; Marrakech 909,000; Tangier 768,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.94 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.82 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.97 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "25.4 (2004 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "100 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "25.49 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "30.04 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "20.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "76.31 years", - "male": "73.25 years", - "female": "79.53 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.17 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "67.4% (2011)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "5.2% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.62 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.1 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 61% of population; total: 83% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 39% of population; total: 17% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 83% of population; rural: 52% of population; total: 70% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 17% of population; rural: 48% of population; total: 30% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "26,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "1,200 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "16.4% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "3.1% (2011)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.4% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "67.1%", - "male": "76.1%", - "female": "57.6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "11 years", - "male": "12 years", - "female": "11 years (2010)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "500,960", - "percentage": "8 % (2007 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "17.9%", - "male": "18.1%", - "female": "17.4% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Kingdom of Morocco", - "conventional_short_form": "Morocco", - "local_long_form": "Al Mamlakah al Maghribiyah", - "local_short_form": "Al Maghrib" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "constitutional monarchy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Rabat", - "geographic_coordinates": "34 01 N, 6 49 W", - "time_difference": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1 hr, begins last Sunday in April; ends last Sunday in September" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "15 regions; Grand Casablanca, Chaouia-Ouardigha, Doukkala-Abda, Fes-Boulemane, Gharb-Chrarda-Beni Hssen, Guelmim-Es Smara, Laayoune-Boujdour-Sakia El Hamra, Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz, Meknes-Tafilalet, Oriental, Rabat-Sale-Zemmour-Zaer, Souss-Massa-Draa, Tadla-Azilal, Tanger-Tetouan, Taza-Al Hoceima-Taounate", - "note": "Morocco claims the territory of Western Sahara, the political status of which is considered undetermined by the US Government; portions of the regions Guelmim-Es Smara and Laayoune-Boujdour-Sakia El Hamra as claimed by Morocco lie within Western Sahara; Morocco also claims Oued Eddahab-Lagouira, another region that falls entirely within Western Sahara" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "2 March 1956 (from France)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Throne Day (accession of King MOHAMMED VI to the throne), 30 July (1999)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "10 March 1972; revised 4 September 1992, amended September 1996; revised constitution approved by referendum 1 July 2011 referendum" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil law based on French law and Islamic law; judicial review of legislative acts by Supreme Court" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "King MOHAMMED VI (since 30 July 1999)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Abdelillah BENKIRANE (since 29 November 2011)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister as well as Minister Delegates to each ministry appoined by the Palace", - "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch following legislative elections" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Chamber of Counsilors (or upper house) (270 seats - to be reduced to a maximum of 120; members elected indirectly by local councils, professional organizations, and labor syndicates to serve six-year terms; one-third of the members are elected every three years) and Chamber of Representatives (or lower house) (395 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "Chamber of Counselors - last held on 3 October 2009 (next to be held in mid-2013); Chamber of Representatives - last held on 25 November 2011 (next to be held in 2016)", - "election_results": "Chamber of Counselors - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PJD 107, PI 60, RNI 52, PAM 47, USFP 39, MP 32, UC 23, PPS 18, other 17" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Court of Cassation (consists of 5-judge panels organized into civil, family matters, commercial, administrative, social, and criminal sections)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the monarch upon the recommendation of the Supreme Council of the Judiciary", - "subordinate_courts": "courts of appeal; regional and sadad courts (for religious, civil and administrative, and penal adjudication)" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Action Party or PA [Mohammed EL IDRISSI]; Al Ahd (The Covenant) Party [Najib EL OUAZZANI]; Alliance des Libert'es (Alliance of Liberty) or ADL [Ali BELHAJ]; An-Nahj Ad-Dimocrati or An-Nahj [Abdellah EL HARIF]; Authenticity and Modernity Party or PAM [Mustapha BAKKOURY, secretary general]; Choura et Istiqlal (Consultation and Independence) Party or PCI [Abdelwahed MAACH]; Citizens' Forces or FC [Abderrahman LAHJOUJI]; Citizenship and Development Initiative or ICD [Mohamed BENHAMOU]; Constitutional Union Party or UC [Mohammed ABIED]; Democratic and Social Movement or MDS [Mahmoud ARCHANE]; Democratic Forces Front or FFD [Touhami EL KHIARI]; Democratic Socialist Vanguard Party or PADS [Ahmed BENJELLOUN]; Democratic Society Party or PSD [Zhor CHEKKAFI]; Democratic Union or UD [Bouazza IKKEN]; Environment and Development Party or PED [Ahmed EL ALAMI]; Istiqlal (Independence) Party or PI [Hamid CHABAT]; Party of Justice and Development or PJD [Abdelillah BENKIRANE]; Labor Party or LP [Abdelkrim BENATIK]; Moroccan Liberal Party or PML [Mohamed ZIANE]; National Democratic Party or PND [Abdallah KADIRI]; National Ittihadi Congress Party or CNI [Abdelmajid BOUZOUBAA]; National Popular Movement or MNP [Mahjoubi AHERDANE]; National Rally of Independents or RNI [Mustapha EL MANSOURI]; National Union of Popular Forces or UNFP [Abdellah IBRAHIM]; Popular Movement or MP [Mohamed LAENSER]; Progress and Socialism Party or PPS [Ismail ALAOUI]; Reform and Development Party or PRD [Abderrahmane EL KOUHEN]; Renaissance and Virtue Party or PRV [Mohamed KHALIDI]; Renewal and Equity Party or PRE [Chakir ACHABAR]; Social Center Party or PSC [Lahcen MADIH]; Socialist Democratic Party or PSD [Aissa OUARDIGHI]; Socialist Union of Popular Forces or USFP [Driss LACHGAR]; Unified Socialist Left Party or PGSU [Mohamed Ben Said AIT IDDER]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Democratic Confederation of Labor or CDT [Noubir AMAOUI]; General Union of Moroccan Workers or UGTM [Abderrazzak AFILAL]; Justice and Charity Organization or JCO; Moroccan Employers Association or CGEM [Hassan CHAMI]; National Labor Union of Morocco or UNMT [Abdelslam MAATI]; Union of Moroccan Workers or UMT [Mahjoub BENSEDDIK]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, CAEU, CD, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, OSCE (partner), Paris Club (associate), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNSC (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Mohammed Rachad BOUHLAL", - "chancery": "1601 21st Street NW, Washington, DC 20009", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 462-7979", - "fax": "[1] (202) 462-7643", - "consulates_general": "New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Matthew LUSSENHOP", - "embassy": "2 Avenue de Mohamed El Fassi, Rabat", - "mailing_address": "Unit 9400, Box 021, DPO AE 09718", - "telephone": "[212] (537) 76 22 65", - "fax": "[212] (537) 76 56 61", - "consulates_general": "Casablanca" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "red with a green pentacle (five-pointed, linear star) known as Sulayman's (Solomon's) seal in the center of the flag; red and green are traditional colors in Arab flags, although the use of red is more commonly associated with the Arab states of the Persian gulf; the pentacle represents the five pillars of Islam and signifies the association between God and the nation; design dates to 1912" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "pentacle symbol; lion" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Hymne Cherifien\" (Hymn of the Sharif)", - "lyrics_music": "Ali Squalli HOUSSAINI/Leo MORGAN", - "note": "music adopted 1956, lyrics adopted 1970" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Morocco has capitalized on its proximity to Europe and relatively low labor costs to build a diverse, open, market-oriented economy. In the 1980s Morocco was a heavily indebted country before pursuing austerity measures and pro-market reforms, overseen by the IMF. Since taking the throne in 1999, King MOHAMMED VI has presided over a stable economy marked by steady growth, low inflation, and gradually falling unemployment, although a poor harvest and economic difficulties in Europe contributed to an economic slowdown in 2012. Industrial development strategies and infrastructure improvements - most visibly illustrated by a new port and free trade zone near Tangier - are improving Morocco's competitiveness. Morocco also seeks to expand its renewable energy capacity with a goal of making renewable 40% of electricity output by 2020. Key sectors of the economy include agriculture, tourism, phosphates, textiles, apparel, and subcomponents. To boost exports, Morocco entered into a bilateral Free Trade Agreement with the United States in 2006 and an Advanced Status agreement with the European Union in 2008. Despite Morocco's economic progress, the country suffers from high unemployment, poverty, and illiteracy, particularly in rural areas. In 2011 and 2012, high prices on fuel - which is subsidized and almost entirely imported - strained the government''s budget and widened the country''s current account deficit. Key economic challenges for Morocco include fighting corruption and reforming the education system, the judiciary, and the government''s costly subsidy program." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$174 billion (2012 est.); $169 billion (2011 est.); $161 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$97.53 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "3% (2012 est.); 5% (2011 est.); 3.6% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$5,400 (2012 est.); $5,300 (2011 est.); $5,100 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "26.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 27.6% of GDP (2011 est.); 30.1% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "59.7%", - "government_consumption": "19.2%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "31.4%", - "investment_in_inventories": "3.9%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "36.2%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-50.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "15.1%", - "industry": "31.7%", - "services": "53.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "barley, wheat, citrus fruits, grapes, vegetables, olives; livestock; wine" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "phosphate rock mining and processing, food processing, leather goods, textiles, construction, energy, tourism" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.9% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "11.53 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "44.6%", - "industry": "19.8%", - "services": "35.5% (2006 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "9% (2012 est.); 8.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "15% (2007 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.7%", - "highest_10%": "33.2% (2007)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "40.9 (2007 est.); 39.5 (1999 est.)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$25.33 billion", - "expenditures": "$33.29 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "26% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-8.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "71.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 64.8% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "1.2% (2012 est.); 0.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "6.5% (31 December 2010 est.); 3.31% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "6.3% (31 December 2012 est.); 6.32% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$72.33 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $68.41 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$107.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $102.4 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$112.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $104 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$60.09 billion (31 December 2011); $69.15 billion (31 December 2010); $62.91 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$8.508 billion (2012 est.); -$8.337 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$21.8 billion (2012 est.); $21.51 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "clothing and textiles, electric components, inorganic chemicals, transistors, crude minerals, fertilizers (including phosphates), petroleum products, citrus fruits, vegetables, fish" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "France 21%, Spain 17.3%, Brazil 5.4%, India 4.9%, US 4.6% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$42.45 billion (2012 est.); $40.96 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "crude petroleum, textile fabric, telecommunications equipment, wheat, gas and electricity, transistors, plastics" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Spain 13.1%, France 12.1%, China 6.9%, US 6.8%, Saudi Arabia 6.2%, Italy 5.1%, Russia 5%, Germany 4.9% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$17.54 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $20.64 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$33.98 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $29.05 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$49.93 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $47.78 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$1.353 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.603 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Moroccan dirhams (MAD) per US dollar -; 8.6087 (2012 est.); 8.0899 (2011 est.); 8.4172 (2010 est.); 8.0571 (2009); 7.526 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "20.09 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "22.21 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "4.623 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "6.164 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "67.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "20.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "4.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "5,500 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "95,460 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "100 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "113,300 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "203,600 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "15,100 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "107,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "70 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "570 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "500 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "1.444 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "35.66 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "3.566 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "36.554 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "good system composed of open-wire lines, cables, and microwave radio relay links; principal switching centers are Casablanca and Rabat; national network nearly 100% digital using fiber-optic links; improved rural service employs microwave radio relay; Internet available but expensive", - "domestic": "fixed-line teledensity is roughly 10 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership exceeds 100 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 212; landing point for the Atlas Offshore, Estepona-Tetouan, Euroafrica, Spain-Morocco, and SEA-ME-WE-3 fiber-optic telecommunications undersea cables that provide connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; microwave radio relay to Gibraltar, Spain, and Western Sahara; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria; participant in Medarabtel; fiber-optic cable link from Agadir to Algeria and Tunisia (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "2 TV broadcast networks with state-run Radio-Television Marocaine (RTM) operating one network and the state partially owning the other; foreign TV broadcasts are available via satellite dish; 3 radio broadcast networks with RTM operating one; the government-owned network includes 10 regional radio channels in addition to its national service (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ma" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "277,338 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "13.213 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "55 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "31", - "over_3_047_m": "11", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "9", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "7", - "914_to_1_523_m": "4 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "24", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "7", - "914_to_1_523_m": "11", - "under_914_m": "5 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 944 km; oil 270 km; refined products 175 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "2,067 km", - "standard_gauge": "2,067 km 1.435-m gauge (1,022 km electrified) (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "58,256 km", - "paved": "39,480 km (includes 866 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "18,776 km (2006)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "26", - "by_type": "cargo 1, chemical tanker 3, container 6, passenger/cargo 14, roll on/roll off 2", - "foreign_owned": "14 (France 3, Germany 1, Italy 1, Spain 9)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "4 (Gibraltar 4) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Casablanca, Jorf Lasfar, Mohammedia, Safi, Tangier" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Royal Armed Forces (Forces Armees Royales, FAR): Royal Moroccan Army (includes Air Defense), Royal Moroccan Navy (includes Coast Guard, Marines), Royal Moroccan Air Force (Al Quwwat al Jawyiya al Malakiya Marakishiya; Force Aerienne Royale Marocaine) (2010)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "20 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; service obligation - 18 months (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "8,252,682", - "females_age_16_49": "8,691,419 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "7,026,016", - "females_age_16_49": "7,377,045 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "300,327", - "female": "298,366 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "4.8% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "claims and administers Western Sahara whose sovereignty remains unresolved; Morocco protests Spain's control over the coastal enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera, the islands of Penon de Alhucemas and Islas Chafarinas, and surrounding waters; both countries claim Isla Perejil (Leila Island); discussions have not progressed on a comprehensive maritime delimitation, setting limits on resource exploration and refugee interdiction, since Morocco's 2002 rejection of Spain's unilateral designation of a median line from the Canary Islands; Morocco serves as one of the primary launching areas of illegal migration into Spain from North Africa; Algeria's border with Morocco remains an irritant to bilateral relations, each nation accusing the other of harboring militants and arms smuggling; the National Liberation Front's assertions of a claim to Chirac Pastures in southeastern Morocco is a dormant dispute" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Morocco is a source, destination, and transit country for men, women, and children who are subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; Moroccan adults and children are exploited for forced labor and forced prostitution in the Middle East and Europe; some Moroccan girls recruited to work as maids experience conditions of forced labor, while some Moroccan boys are forced to work as apprentices in the artisan and construction industries and in mechanic shops; women and children from sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia who voluntarily enter Morocco are subsequently coerced into prostitution or, less frequently, domestic service; women and children from Cote d'Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Nigeria are also vulnerable to sex trafficking and, to a lesser extent, forced labor in Morocco", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Morocco does not comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government does not demonstrate progress in investigating, prosecuting, convicting, and adequately punishing trafficking offenders and has failed to provide law enforcement data; it has not developed or employed systematic procedures to proactively identify trafficking victims among vulnerable groups, particularly the sub-Saharan migrant community, but has made some efforts to offer protective services to Moroccan women and child trafficking victims; Morocco continues to lack a single comprehensive anti-trafficking law (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "one of the world's largest producers of illicit hashish; shipments of hashish mostly directed to Western Europe; transit point for cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe; significant consumer of cannabis" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/mg-madagascar.json b/africa/mg-madagascar.json deleted file mode 100644 index 817ce530..00000000 --- a/africa/mg-madagascar.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,614 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Formerly an independent kingdom, Madagascar became a French colony in 1896 but regained independence in 1960. During 1992-93, free presidential and National Assembly elections were held ending 17 years of single-party rule. In 1997, in the second presidential race, Didier RATSIRAKA, the leader during the 1970s and 1980s, was returned to the presidency. The 2001 presidential election was contested between the followers of Didier RATSIRAKA and Marc RAVALOMANANA, nearly causing secession of half of the country. In April 2002, the High Constitutional Court announced RAVALOMANANA the winner. RAVALOMANANA achieved a second term following a landslide victory in the generally free and fair presidential elections of 2006. In early 2009, protests over increasing restrictions on opposition press and activities resulted in RAVALOMANANA handing over power to the military, which then conferred the presidency on the mayor of Antananarivo, Andry RAJOELINA, in what amounted to a coup d'etat. Numerous attempts have been made by regional and international organizations to resolve the subsequent political gridlock by forming a power-sharing government. Madagascar's independent electoral commission and the UN originally planned to hold a presidential election in early May 2013, but postponed the election until late July 2013, due to logistical delays." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Mozambique" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "20 00 S, 47 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "587,041 sq km", - "land": "581,540 sq km", - "water": "5,501 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly less than twice the size of Arizona" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "4,828 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm or 100 nm from the 2,500-m isobath" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "narrow coastal plain, high plateau and mountains in center" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Indian Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Maromokotro 2,876 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, rare earth elements, salt, quartz, tar sands, semiprecious stones, mica, fish, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "5.96%", - "permanent_crops": "1.02%", - "other": "93.02% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "10,860 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "337 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "16.5 cu km/yr (2%/1%/97%)", - "per_capita": "1,010 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "periodic cyclones; drought; and locust infestation", - "volcanism": "Madagascar's volcanoes have not erupted in historical times" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "soil erosion results from deforestation and overgrazing; desertification; surface water contaminated with raw sewage and other organic wastes; several endangered species of flora and fauna unique to the island" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "world's fourth-largest island; strategic location along Mozambique Channel" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Malagasy (singular and plural)", - "adjective": "Malagasy" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Malayo-Indonesian (Merina and related Betsileo), Cotiers (mixed African, Malayo-Indonesian, and Arab ancestry - Betsimisaraka, Tsimihety, Antaisaka, Sakalava), French, Indian, Creole, Comoran" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "French (official), Malagasy (official), English" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "indigenous beliefs 52%, Christian 41%, Muslim 7%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "22,599,098 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "41.1% (male 4,678,675/female 4,599,636)", - "15_24_years": "20.6% (male 2,332,608/female 2,323,409)", - "25_54_years": "31.1% (male 3,514,600/female 3,507,724)", - "55_64_years": "4.1% (male 445,159/female 485,846)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.1% (male 322,706/female 388,735) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "82.5 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "77.4 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.1 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "19.5 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "19 years", - "male": "18.8 years", - "female": "19.2 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.65% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "33.58 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "7.1 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "32.6% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "4.73% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "ANTANANARIVO (capital) 1.816 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.91 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.83 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "19.5", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2009 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "240 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "46.13 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "50.17 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "41.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "64.85 years", - "male": "63.45 years", - "female": "66.29 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "4.36 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "39.9% (2008/09)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "3.8% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.16 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.2 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 74% of population; rural: 34% of population; total: 46% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 26% of population; rural: 66% of population; total: 54% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 21% of population; rural: 12% of population; total: 15% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 79% of population; rural: 88% of population; total: 85% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.2% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "24,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "1,700 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "1.6% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "36.8% (2004)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "2.8% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "64.5%", - "male": "67.4%", - "female": "61.6% (2009 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "10 years", - "male": "11 years", - "female": "10 years (2009)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "1,827,423", - "percentage": "28 %", - "note": "data represents children ages 5-17 (2007 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "2.3%", - "male": "1.7%", - "female": "2.8% (2005)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Madagascar", - "conventional_short_form": "Madagascar", - "local_long_form": "Republique de Madagascar/Repoblikan'i Madagasikara", - "local_short_form": "Madagascar/Madagasikara", - "former": "Malagasy Republic" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Antananarivo", - "geographic_coordinates": "18 55 S, 47 31 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "6 provinces (faritany); Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "26 June 1960 (from France)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 26 June (1960)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "passed by referendum 17 November 2010; promulgated 11 December 2010 (2010)" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system based on the old French civil code and customary law in matters of marriage, family, and obligation" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Andry Nirina RAJOELINA (since 18 March 2009)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Jean Omer BERIZIKY (since 2 November 2011)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 3 December 2006 (next to be held NA); prime minister appointed by the president; note - a power-sharing agreement concluded in September 2011 established conditions for general elections, expected toward the end of 2013 after repeated delays", - "election_results": "percent of vote - Marc RAVALOMANANA 54.8%, Jean LAHINIRIKO 11.7%, Roland RATSIRAKA 10.1%, Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO 9.1%, Norbert RATSIRAHONANA 4.2%, Ny Hasina ANDRIAMANJATO 4.2%, Elia RAVELOMANANTSOA 2.6%, Pety RAKOTONIAINA 1.7%, other 1.6%; note - RAVALOMANANA stepped down on 17 March 2009", - "note": "on 17 March 2009, democratically elected President Marc RAVALOMANANA stepped down handing the government over to the military, which in turn conferred the presidency on opposition leader and Antananarivo mayor Andry RAJOELINA; a power-sharing agreement established a 15-month transition period to conclude with general elections in 2010, which failed to occur; a subsequent agreement aimed for elections in early 2013 which have since slid and are now expected late in 2013" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral legislature consists of a Senate or Senat (100 seats; two-thirds of the members appointed by regional assemblies; the remaining one-third appointed by the president; members to serve four-year terms) and a National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (127 seats - reduced from 160 seats by an April 2007 national referendum; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "National Assembly - last held on 23 September 2007 (next to be concurrent with presidential elections); note - a power-sharing agreement in the summer of 2009 established a 15-month transition, concluding in general elections tentatively scheduled for late 2013 after repeated delays", - "election_results": "National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - TIM 106, LEADER/Fanilo 1, independents 20" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of 11 members; addresses judicial administration issues only); High Constitutional Court or Haute Cour Constitutionnelle (consists of 9 members) note - the judiciary includes a High Court of Justice responsible for adjudicating crimes and misdemeanors by government officials including the president", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court heads elected by the president and judiciary officials to serve single-renewable, 3-year terms; High Constitutional Court members appointed - 3 each by the president, by both legislative bodies, and by the Council of Magistrates; members serve single, 6-year terms", - "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal; provincial and city tribunals" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Association for the Rebirth of Madagascar or AREMA [Pierrot RAJAONARIVELO]; Democratic Party for Union in Madagascar or PSDUM [Jean LAHINIRIKO]; Economic Liberalism and Democratic Action for National Recovery or LEADER/Fanilo [Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO]; Fihaonana Party or FP [Guy-Willy RAZANAMASY]; Green Party or Vert [Sarah Georget RABEHARISOA]; I Love Madagascar or TIM [Marc RAVALOMANANA]; Renewal of the Social Democratic Party or RPSD [Evariste MARSON]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Committee for the Defense of Truth and Justice or KMMR; Committee for National Reconciliation or CRN [Albert Zafy]; National Council of Christian Churches or FFKM" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU (suspended), CD, COMESA, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF (suspended), OPCW, PCA, SADC (suspended), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Velotiana Rakotoanosy RAOBELINA", - "chancery": "2374 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 265-5525 through 5526", - "fax": "[1] (202) 265-3034", - "consulates_general": "New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Eric WONG", - "embassy": "Lot 207A, Point Liberty, Andranoro, Antehiroka, 105 Antananarivo", - "mailing_address": "B. P. 620, Antsahavola, Antananarivo", - "telephone": "[261] (23) 480 00/01", - "fax": "[261] (23) 480 35" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a vertical white band of the same width on hoist side; by tradition, red stands for sovereignty, green for hope, white for purity" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Ry Tanindraza nay malala o\" (Oh, Our Beloved Fatherland)", - "lyrics_music": "Pasteur RAHAJASON/Norbert RAHARISOA", - "note": "adopted 1959" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "After discarding socialist economic policies in the mid-1990s, Madagascar followed a World Bank- and IMF-led policy of privatization and liberalization that has been undermined since the start of the political crisis. This strategy placed the country on a slow and steady growth path from an extremely low level. Agriculture, including fishing and forestry, is a mainstay of the economy, accounting for more than one-fourth of GDP and employing 80% of the population. Exports of apparel boomed in recent years primarily due to duty-free access to the US, however, Madagascar's failure to comply with the requirements of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) led to the termination of the country's duty-free access in January 2010 and a sharp fall in textile production. Deforestation and erosion, aggravated by the use of firewood as the primary source of fuel, are serious concerns. The current political crisis, which began in early 2009, has dealt additional blows to the economy. Tourism dropped more than 50% in 2009 compared with the previous year, and many investors are wary of entering the uncertain investment environment. Growth was anemic during 2010 to 2012 although expansion in mining and agricultural sectors is expected to contribute to more growth in 2013." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$21.76 billion (2012 est.); $21.35 billion (2011 est.); $20.97 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$10.12 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.9% (2012 est.); 1.8% (2011 est.); 0.4% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$1,000 (2012 est.); $1,000 (2011 est.); $1,000 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "-1% of GDP (2012 est.); -2.3% of GDP (2011 est.); -4% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "85.7%", - "government_consumption": "11.9%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "18.7%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "28.5%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-44.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "27.9%", - "industry": "16.2%", - "services": "55.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "coffee, vanilla, sugarcane, cloves, cocoa, rice, cassava (tapioca), beans, bananas, peanuts; livestock products" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "meat processing, seafood, soap, breweries, tanneries, sugar, textiles, glassware, cement, automobile assembly plant, paper, petroleum, tourism" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "9.504 million (2007)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "50% (2004 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.2%", - "highest_10%": "34.7% (2010 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "47.5 (2001); 38.1 (1999)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$1.758 billion", - "expenditures": "$1.929 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "17.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-1.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "6.4% (2012 est.); 9.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "5% (31 December 2010 est.); NA% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "56.25% (31 December 2012 est.); 52.5% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$1.492 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.445 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$2.926 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.223 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$1.245 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.054 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$2.322 billion (2012 est.); -$2.526 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$640.7 million (2012 est.); $588.3 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "coffee, vanilla, shellfish, sugar, cotton cloth, clothing, chromite, petroleum products" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "France 23.1%, China 6.5%, US 6.5%, Singapore 5.8%, Canada 5.4%, India 5.3%, Germany 5.3%, Indonesia 5.2%, South Africa 4.4% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$2.755 billion (2012 est.); $2.697 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "capital goods, petroleum, consumer goods, food" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 17.2%, France 12.1%, South Africa 5.3%, Bahrain 5.1%, India 5%, Mauritius 4.7%, Kuwait 4.4% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$1.191 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.279 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$3.127 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.769 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Malagasy ariary (MGA) per US dollar -; 2,195 (2012 est.); 2,025.1 (2011 est.); 2,090 (2010 est.); 1,956.2 (2009); 1,654.78 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "1.35 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "1.256 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "406,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "69.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "30.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "17,480 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "14,250 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2006 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "3.384 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "138,100 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "8.665 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "system is above average for the region; Antananarivo's main telephone exchange modernized in the late 1990s, but the rest of the analogue-based telephone system is poorly developed", - "domestic": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity about 40 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 261; landing point for the EASSy, SEACOM, and LION fiber-optic submarine cable systems; satellite earth stations - 2 (1 Intelsat - Indian Ocean, 1 Intersputnik - Atlantic Ocean region) (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-owned Radio Nationale Malagasy (RNM) and Television Malagasy (TVM) have an extensive national network reach; privately owned radio and TV broadcasters in cities and major towns; state-run radio dominates in rural areas; relays of 2 international broadcasters are available in Antananarivo (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".mg" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "38,392 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "319,900 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "83 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "26", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "6", - "914_to_1_523_m": "16", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "57", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "38", - "under_914_m": "18 (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "854 km", - "narrow_gauge": "854 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "65,663 km", - "paved": "7,617 km", - "unpaved": "58,046 km (2003)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "600 km (432 km navigable) (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "1", - "by_type": "cargo 1", - "registered_in_other_countries": "1 (unknown 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Antsiranana (Diego Suarez), Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara (Tulear)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "People's Armed Forces: Intervention Force, Development Force, and Aeronaval Force (navy and air); National Gendarmerie" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-25 years of age for male-only voluntary military service; no conscription; service obligation is 18 months for military or equivalent civil service; 20-30 years of age for National Gendarmerie recruits and 35 years of age for those with military experience (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "4,900,729", - "females_age_16_49": "4,909,061 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "3,390,071", - "females_age_16_49": "3,682,180 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "248,184", - "female": "246,769 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "5.1% of GDP (2011)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "claims Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, and Juan de Nova Island (all administered by France); the vegetated drying cays of Banc du Geyser, which were claimed by Madagascar in 1976, also fall within the EEZ claims of the Comoros and France (Glorioso Islands, part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Madagascar is a source country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and women and children subjected to sex trafficking; poor Malagasy women hired as domestic workers in Lebanon and Kuwait are vulnerable to abuse by recruitment agencies and employers; an increasing number of Malagasy men were victimized by labor trafficking abroad in 2012; Malagasy children are subjected to domestic servitude, prostitution, forced begging, and forced labor within the country, often with the complicity of family members; coastal cities have child sex tourism trades, with Malagasy men being the main clients", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Madagascar does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; law enforcement authorities have made a significant increase in efforts in 2012, resulting in 30 trafficking-related prosecutions and two convictions; public officials complicity in human trafficking, however, remains a significant problem; the government has failed to identify and refer victims to protective services and has not supported NGO-run care facilities; the government also has not engaged any Middle Eastern governments regarding the protection of and legal remedies for Malagasy workers exploited abroad (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "illicit producer of cannabis (cultivated and wild varieties) used mostly for domestic consumption; transshipment point for heroin" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/ml-mali.json b/africa/ml-mali.json deleted file mode 100644 index 123de846..00000000 --- a/africa/ml-mali.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,610 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The Sudanese Republic and Senegal became independent of France in 1960 as the Mali Federation. When Senegal withdrew after only a few months, what formerly made up the Sudanese Republic was renamed Mali. Rule by dictatorship was brought to a close in 1991 by a military coup that ushered in a period of democratic rule. President Alpha KONARE won Mali's first two democratic presidential elections in 1992 and 1997. In keeping with Mali's two-term constitutional limit, he stepped down in 2002 and was succeeded by Amadou TOURE, who was elected to a second term in 2007 elections that were widely judged to be free and fair. Malian returnees from Libya in 2011 exacerbated tensions in northern Mali, and Tuareg ethnic militias started a rebellion in January 2012. Low- and mid-level soldiers, frustrated with the poor handling of the rebellion overthrew TOURE on 22 March. Intensive mediation efforts led by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) returned power to a civilian administration in April with the appointment of interim President Dioncounda TRAORE. The post-coup chaos led to rebels expelling the Malian military from the three northern regions of the country and allowed Islamic militants to set up strongholds. Hundreds of thousands of northern Malians fled the violence to southern Mali and neighboring countries, exacerbating regional food insecurity in host communities. A military intervention to retake the three northern regions began in January 2013 and within a month most of the north had been retaken. In a democratic presidential election conducted in July and August of 2013, Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA was elected president." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "interior Western Africa, southwest of Algeria, north of Guinea, Cote d'Ivoire, and Burkina Faso, west of Niger" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "17 00 N, 4 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "1,240,192 sq km", - "land": "1,220,190 sq km", - "water": "20,002 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly less than twice the size of Texas" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "7,243 km", - "border_countries": "Algeria 1,376 km, Burkina Faso 1,000 km, Guinea 858 km, Cote d'Ivoire 532 km, Mauritania 2,237 km, Niger 821 km, Senegal 419 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "subtropical to arid; hot and dry (February to June); rainy, humid, and mild (June to November); cool and dry (November to February)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Senegal River 23 m", - "highest_point": "Hombori Tondo 1,155 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, gypsum, granite, hydropower", - "note": "bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are known but not exploited" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "5.53%", - "permanent_crops": "0.1%", - "other": "94.37% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "2,358 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "100 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "6.55 cu km/yr (9%/1%/90%)", - "per_capita": "545.4 cu m/yr (2000)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts; occasional Niger River flooding" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; divided into three natural zones: the southern, cultivated Sudanese; the central, semiarid Sahelian; and the northern, arid Saharan" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Malian(s)", - "adjective": "Malian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Mande 50% (Bambara, Malinke, Soninke), Peul 17%, Voltaic 12%, Songhai 6%, Tuareg and Moor 10%, other 5%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "French (official), Bambara 46.3%, Peul/foulfoulbe 9.4%, Dogon 7.2%, Maraka/soninke 6.4%, Malinke 5.6%, Sonrhai/djerma 5.6%, Minianka 4.3%, Tamacheq 3.5%, Senoufo 2.6%, unspecified 0.6%, other 8.5%" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim 94.8%, Christian 2.4%, Animist 2%, none 0.5%, unspecified 0.3% (2009 Census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "15,968,882 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "47.7% (male 3,824,877/female 3,794,196)", - "15_24_years": "19% (male 1,439,032/female 1,587,072)", - "25_54_years": "26.6% (male 1,980,766/female 2,270,676)", - "55_64_years": "3.7% (male 297,365/female 295,495)", - "65_years_and_over": "3% (male 240,681/female 238,722) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "100.7 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "95.1 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.6 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "17.9 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "16 years", - "male": "15.4 years", - "female": "16.6 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.01% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "46.06 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "13.55 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-2.41 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "34.9% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "4.77% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "BAMAKO (capital) 1.628 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "0.91 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.88 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.95 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "18.6 (2006 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "540 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "106.49 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "113.23 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "99.56 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "54.55 years", - "male": "52.75 years", - "female": "56.41 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "6.25 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "8.2% (2006)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "5% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.05 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.1 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 87% of population; rural: 51% of population; total: 64% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 13% of population; rural: 49% of population; total: 36% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 35% of population; rural: 14% of population; total: 22% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 65% of population; rural: 86% of population; total: 78% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "76,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "4,400 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", - "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "4.3% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "27.9% (2006)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "4.8% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "33.4%", - "male": "43.1%", - "female": "24.6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "8 years", - "male": "8 years", - "female": "7 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "1,485,027", - "percentage": "36 % (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Mali", - "conventional_short_form": "Mali", - "local_long_form": "Republique de Mali", - "local_short_form": "Mali", - "former": "French Sudan and Sudanese Republic" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Bamako", - "geographic_coordinates": "12 39 N, 8 00 W", - "time_difference": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "8 regions (regions, singular - region), 1 district*; District de Bamako*, Gao, Kayes, Kidal, Koulikoro, Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Tombouctou (Timbuktu)" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "22 September 1960 (from France)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 22 September (1960)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "adopted 12 January 1992" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system based on the French civil law model and influenced by customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA (since 4 September 2013)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Oumar Tatum LY (since 5 September 2013)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); the election scheduled for 29 April 2012 and delayed following the March 2012 coup took place 28 July 2013 and a runoff election was held on 11 August 2013; prime minister appointed by the president", - "election_results": "Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA elected president in a runoff election; percent of vote Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA 77.6%, Soumaila CISSE 22.4%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (147 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 1 and 22 July 2007 (July 2012 scheduled election delayed after the military coup)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ADP coalition 113 (ADEMA 51, URD 34, MPR 8, CNID 7, UDD 3, and other 10), FDR coalition 15 (RPM 11, PARENA 4), SADI 4, independent 15" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of 19 members organized into 3 civil chambers and a criminal chamber); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court members appointed by the Ministry of Justice to serve 5-year terms; Constitutional Court members selected - 3 each by the president, the National Assembly, and the Supreme Council of the Magistracy; members serve single renewable 7-year terms", - "subordinate_courts": "High Court of Justice (jurisdiction limited to cases of high treason or criminal offenses by the president or ministers while in office)" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "African Solidarity for Democracy and Independence or SADI [Oumar MARIKO, secretary general]; Alliance for Democracy or ADEMA [Diounconda TRAORE]; Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP (a coalition of political parties including ADEMA and URD formed in December 2006 to support the presidential candidacy of Amadou TOURE); Alliance for Democratic Change (political group comprised mainly of Tuareg from Mali's northern region); Convergence 2007 [Soumeylou Boubeye MAIGA]; Convergence for the development of Mali or CODEM [Housseyni GUINDO]; Front for Democracy and the Republic or FDR (a coalition of political parties including RPM and PARENA formed to oppose the presidential candidacy of Amadou TOURE); National Congress for Democratic Initiative or CNID [Mountaga TALL]; Party for Democracy and Progress or PDP [Mady KONATE]; Party for National Renewal or PARENA [Tiebile DRAME]; Patriotic Movement for Renewal or MPR [Choguel MAIGA]; Rally for Democracy and Labor or RDT [Amadou Ali NIANGADOU]; Rally for Mali or RPM [Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA]; Sudanese Union/African Democratic Rally or US/RDA [Mamadou Basir GOLOGO]; Union for Democracy and Development or UDD [Moussa Balla COULIBALY]; Union for Republic and Democracy or URD [Soumaila CISSE]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "other": "the army; Islamic authorities; state-run cotton company CMDT" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Al Maamoun Baba Lamine KEITA", - "chancery": "2130 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 332-2249, 939-8950", - "fax": "[1] (202) 332-6603" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Mary Beth LEONARD", - "embassy": "located just off the Roi Bin Fahad Aziz Bridge just west of the Bamako central district", - "mailing_address": "ACI 2000, Rue 243, Porte 297, Bamako", - "telephone": "[223] 2070-2300", - "fax": "[223] 2070-2479" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red", - "note": "uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia; the colors from left to right are the same as those of neighboring Senegal (which has an additional green central star) and the reverse of those on the flag of neighboring Guinea" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Le Mali\" (Mali)", - "lyrics_music": "Seydou Badian KOUYATE/Banzoumana SISSOKO", - "note": "adopted 1962; the anthem is also known as \"Pour L'Afrique et pour toi, Mali\" (For Africa and for You, Mali) and \"A ton appel Mali\" (At Your Call, Mali)" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Among the 25 poorest countries in the world, Mali is a landlocked country highly dependent on gold mining and agricultural exports for revenue. The country's fiscal status fluctuates with gold and agricultural commodity prices and the harvest. Mali remains dependent on foreign aid. Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger River and about 65% of its land area is desert or semidesert. About 10% of the population is nomadic and about 80% of the labor force is engaged in farming and fishing. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. The government in 2011 completed an IMF extended credit facility program that has helped the economy grow, diversify, and attract foreign investment. Mali is developing its cotton and iron ore extraction industries to diversify foreign exchange revenue away from gold. Mali has invested in tourism but security issues are hurting the industry. Mali experienced economic growth of about 5% per year between 1996-2010, but the global recession and a military coup caused a decline in output in 2012. The interim government slashed public spending in the context of a declining state of security and declining international aid." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$18.28 billion (2012 est.); $18.5 billion (2011 est.); $18.01 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$10.32 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "-1.2% (2012 est.); 2.7% (2011 est.); 5.8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$1,100 (2012 est.); $1,200 (2011 est.); $1,200 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "19.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 12.1% of GDP (2011 est.); 8.5% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "67.6%", - "government_consumption": "12.8%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "26.4%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.6%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "27.1%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-34.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "36.9%", - "industry": "23.4%", - "services": "39.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "cotton, millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "3.241 million (2007 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "80%", - "industry_and_services": "20% (2005 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "30% (2004 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "36.1% (2005 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.5%", - "highest_10%": "25.8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "40.1 (2001); 50.5 (1994)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$1.821 billion", - "expenditures": "$1.948 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "17.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-1.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "25.7% of GDP (2012 est.); 25.4% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "5.4% (2012 est.); 2.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "16% (31 December 2010 est.); 4.25% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "9.3% (31 December 2012 est.); 9% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$2.583 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.156 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$3.401 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.929 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$2.102 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.669 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$1.421 billion (2012 est.); -$1.301 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$2.755 billion (2012 est.); $2.373 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "cotton, gold, livestock" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "China 53.7%, Malaysia 11.2%, Indonesia 5.4%, India 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$2.793 billion (2012 est.); $2.78 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "petroleum, machinery and equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs, textiles" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "France 10.9%, Senegal 9.7%, China 8.4%, Cote dIvoire 8% (2012)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$2.789 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.693 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$2.545 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.34 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$540.5 million (31 December 2012 est.); $247.2 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -; 510.53 (2012 est.); 471.87 (2011 est.); 495.28 (2010 est.); 472.19 (2009); 447.81 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "520 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "483.6 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "304,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "48.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "51.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "4,994 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "4,568 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "893,700 Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "104,700 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "10.822 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "domestic system unreliable but improving; increasing use of local radio loops to extend network coverage to remote areas", - "domestic": "fixed-line subscribership remains less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership has increased sharply to about 70 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 223; satellite communications center and fiber-optic links to neighboring countries; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean, 1 Indian Ocean) (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "national public TV broadcaster; 2 privately owned companies provide subscription services to foreign multi-channel TV packages; national public radio broadcaster supplemented by a large number of privately owned and community broadcast stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ml" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "437 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "249,800 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "25 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "8", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "4", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "17", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", - "914_to_1_523_m": "9", - "under_914_m": "5 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "2 (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "593 km", - "narrow_gauge": "593 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "18,912 km", - "paved": "3,597 km", - "unpaved": "15,315 km (2004)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "1,800 km (downstream of Koulikoro; low water levels on the River Niger cause problems in dry years; in the months before the rainy season the river is not navigable by commercial vessels) (2011)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Koulikoro" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Malian Armed Forces: Army (Armee de Terre), Republic of Mali Air Force (Force Aerienne de la Republique du Mali, FARM), National Guard (Garde National du Mali) (2008)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for selective compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,848,412", - "females_age_16_49": "2,981,106 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,825,779", - "females_age_16_49": "1,968,563 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "158,031", - "female": "159,733 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.3% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "demarcation is underway with Burkina Faso" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "12,436 (Mauritania) (2012)", - "idps": "301,027 (Tuareg rebellion since 2012) (2013)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Mali is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; women and girls are forced into domestic servitude, agricultural labor, and support roles in gold mines, as well as subjected to sex trafficking; Malian boys are found in conditions of forced labor in agricultural settings, gold mines, and the informal commercial sector, as well as forced begging both within Mali and neighboring countries; Malians and other Africans who travel through Mali to Mauritania, Algeria, or Libya in hopes of reaching Europe are particularly at risk of becoming victims of human trafficking; men and boys, primarily of Songhai ethnicity, are subjected to the longstanding practice of debt bondage in the salt mines of Taoudenni in northern Mali; some members of Mali's black Tamachek community are subjected to traditional slavery-related practices, and this involuntary servitude reportedly has extended to their children; reports indicate that non-governmental armed groups operating in northern Mali recruited children as combatants, cooks, porters, guards, spies, and sex slaves", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Mali does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; although the government enacted a comprehensive anti-trafficking law in 2012, it did not demonstrate evidence of overall increasing efforts to address human trafficking over the previous year; the government has failed to prosecute or convict any trafficking offenders, has not provided any direct services to victims, and has not made any tangible prevention efforts; the government continues to cite a lack of personnel and resources as reasons for its inability to adequately identify and rescue child victims of forced labor in the mining industry (2013)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/mr-mauritania.json b/africa/mr-mauritania.json deleted file mode 100644 index 78ba137d..00000000 --- a/africa/mr-mauritania.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,595 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Independent from France in 1960, Mauritania annexed the southern third of the former Spanish Sahara (now Western Sahara) in 1976 but relinquished it after three years of raids by the Polisario guerrilla front seeking independence for the territory. Maaouya Ould Sid Ahmed TAYA seized power in a coup in 1984 and ruled Mauritania with a heavy hand for more than two decades. A series of presidential elections that he held were widely seen as flawed. A bloodless coup in August 2005 deposed President TAYA and ushered in a military council that oversaw a transition to democratic rule. Independent candidate Sidi Ould Cheikh ABDALLAHI was inaugurated in April 2007 as Mauritania's first freely and fairly elected president. His term ended prematurely in August 2008 when a military junta led by General Mohamed Ould Abdel AZIZ deposed him and installed a military council government. AZIZ was subsequently elected president in July 2009 and sworn in the following month. AZIZ sustained injuries from an accidental shooting by his own troops in October 2012 but has continued to maintain his authority. The country continues to experience ethnic tensions among its black population (Afro-Mauritanians) and white and black Moor (Arab-Berber) communities, and is having to confront a growing terrorism threat by al-Qa'ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM)." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Senegal and Western Sahara" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "20 00 N, 12 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "1,030,700 sq km", - "land": "1,030,700 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than three times the size of New Mexico" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "5,074 km", - "border_countries": "Algeria 463 km, Mali 2,237 km, Senegal 813 km, Western Sahara 1,561 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "754 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "desert; constantly hot, dry, dusty" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly barren, flat plains of the Sahara; some central hills" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Sebkhet Te-n-Dghamcha -5 m", - "highest_point": "Kediet Ijill 915 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "iron ore, gypsum, copper, phosphate, diamonds, gold, oil, fish" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "0.44%", - "permanent_crops": "0.01%", - "other": "99.55% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "450.1 sq km (2004)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "11.4 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "1.35 cu km/yr (7%/2%/91%)", - "per_capita": "420.2 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind blows primarily in March and April; periodic droughts" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "overgrazing, deforestation, and soil erosion aggravated by drought are contributing to desertification; limited natural freshwater resources away from the Senegal, which is the only perennial river; locust infestation" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "most of the population is concentrated in the cities of Nouakchott and Nouadhibou and along the Senegal River in the southern part of the country" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Mauritanian(s)", - "adjective": "Mauritanian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "mixed Moor/black 40%, Moor 30%, black 30%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Arabic (official and national), Pulaar, Soninke, Wolof (all national languages), French, Hassaniya" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim (official) 100%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "3,437,610 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "39.8% (male 686,596/female 681,224)", - "15_24_years": "20% (male 335,998/female 351,367)", - "25_54_years": "32.2% (male 512,045/female 595,195)", - "55_64_years": "4.5% (male 68,960/female 84,303)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.5% (male 51,736/female 70,186) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "76.3 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "70.7 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.6 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "17.9 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "19.8 years", - "male": "18.8 years", - "female": "20.7 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.29% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "32.31 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "8.5 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.87 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "41.5% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.91% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "NOUAKCHOTT (capital) 709,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "0.96 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.86 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.82 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.74 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.93 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "21.9 (2001 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "510 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "57.48 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "62.51 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "52.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "61.91 years", - "male": "59.65 years", - "female": "64.23 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "4.15 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "9.3% (2007)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "4.4% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.13 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.4 beds/1,000 population (2006)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 52% of population; rural: 48% of population; total: 50% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 48% of population; rural: 52% of population; total: 50% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 51% of population; rural: 9% of population; total: 26% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 49% of population; rural: 91% of population; total: 74% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.7% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "14,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever", - "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "12.7% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "15.9% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "3.9% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "58.6%", - "male": "65.3%", - "female": "52% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "8 years", - "male": "8 years", - "female": "8 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "127,251", - "percentage": "16 % (2007 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Islamic Republic of Mauritania", - "conventional_short_form": "Mauritania", - "local_long_form": "Al Jumhuriyah al Islamiyah al Muritaniyah", - "local_short_form": "Muritaniyah" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "military junta" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Nouakchott", - "geographic_coordinates": "18 04 N, 15 58 W", - "time_difference": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "13 regions (wilayas, singular - wilaya); Adrar, Assaba, Brakna, Dakhlet Nouadhibou, Gorgol, Guidimaka, Hodh ech Chargui, Hodh el Gharbi, Inchiri, Nouakchott, Tagant, Tiris Zemmour, Trarza" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "28 November 1960 (from France)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 28 November (1960)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "12 July 1991" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of Islamic and French civil law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Mohamed Ould Abdel AZIZ (since 5 August 2009); note - AZIZ, who deposed democratically elected President Sidi Ould Cheikh ABDELLAHI in a coup and installed himself as President of the High State Council on 6 August 2008, retired from the military and stepped down from the presidency in April 2009 to run for president; he was elected president in an election held on 18 July 2009", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Moulaye Ould Mohamed LAGHDAF (since 14 August 2008)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held on 18 July 2009 (next to be held by 2014)", - "election_results": "percent of vote - Mohamed Ould Abdel AZIZ 52.6%, Messaoud Ould BOULKHEIR 16.3%, Ahmed Ould DADDAH 13.7%, other 17.4%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral legislature consists of the Senate or Majlis al-Shuyukh (56 seats; 53 members elected by municipal leaders and 3 members elected for Mauritanians abroad to serve six-year terms; a portion of seats up for election every two years) and the National Assembly or Al Jamiya Al Wataniya (95 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "Senate - last held in November 2009; National Assembly - last held on 19 November and 3 December 2006 (election scheduled for 16 October 2011 postponed, rescheduled for 31 March 2012 and then postponed indefinitely)", - "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPM (Coalition of Majority Parties) 45, COD 7, RNRD-TAWASSOUL 4; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPM 63 (UPR 50, PRDR 7, UDP 3, HATEM-PMUC 2, RD 1), COD 27 (RFD 9, UFP 6, APP 6, PNDD-ADIL 6), RNRD-TAWASSOUL 4, FP 1" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (subdivided into 1 criminal and 2 civil chambers, each with a president and 5 counselors); Constitutional Council (consists of 6 members)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court president appointed by the president of the republic to serve a 5-year renewable term; Constitutional Council members appointed - 3 by the president of the republic, 2 by the president of the National Assembly, and 1 by the president of the Senate; members serve single, 9-year terms with one-third of membership renewed every 3 years", - "subordinate_courts": "High Court of Justice (cases involving treason and criminal acts of high government officials); courts of appeal; wilaya (regional) courts (located at the headquarters of each of the 13 regions); commercial and labor courts; criminal courts; moughataa (district) courts; informal/customary courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Alternative or El-Badil [Mohamed Yahdhi Ould MOCTAR HACEN]; Coalition of Majority Parties or CPM (parties supporting the regime including PRDR, UPR, RD, HATEM-PMUC, UCD); Coordination of Democratic Opposition or COD (coalition of opposition political parties opposed to the government including APP, RFD, UFP, PNDD-ADIL, Alternative or El-Badil); Democratic Renewal or RD [Moustapha Ould ABDEIDARRAHMANE]; Mauritanian Party for Unity and Change or HATEM-PMUC [Saleh Ould HANENA]; National Pact for Democracy and Development or PNDD-ADIL [Yahya Ould Ahmed El WAGHEF] (independents formerly supporting President Abdellahi); National Rally for Freedom, Democracy and Equality or RNDLE; National Rally for Reform and Development or RNRD-TAWASSOUL [Mohamed Jamil MANSOUR] (moderate Islamists); Popular Front or FP [Ch'bih Ould CHEIKH MALAININE]; Popular Progressive Alliance or APP [Messaoud Ould BOULKHEIR]; Rally of Democratic Forces or RFD [Ahmed Ould DADDAH]; Republican Party for Democracy and Renewal or PRDR [Mintata Mint HDEID]; Socialist and Democratic Unity Party or PUDS; Union for Democracy and Progress or UDP [Naha Mint MOUKNASS]; Union for the Republic or UPR; Union of Democratic Center or UCD [Cheikh Sid'Ahmed Ould BABA]; Union of the Forces for Progress or UFP [Mohamed Ould MAOULOUD]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "General Confederation of Mauritanian Workers or CGTM [Abdallahi Ould MOHAMED, secretary general]; Independent Confederation of Mauritanian Workers or CLTM [Samory Ould BEYE]; Mauritanian Workers Union or UTM [Mohamed Ely Ould BRAHIM, secretary general]; ", - "other": "Arab nationalists; Ba'thists; Islamists" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, CAEU (candidate), EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Mohamed Lemine El HAYCEN", - "chancery": "2129 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 232-5700 through 5701", - "fax": "[1] (202) 319-2623" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Jo Ellen POWELL", - "embassy": "288 Rue Abdallaye, Rue 42-100 (between Presidency building and Spanish Embassy), Nouakchott", - "mailing_address": "BP 222, Nouakchott", - "telephone": "[222] 4525-2660 through 2663", - "fax": "[222] 4525-1592" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "green with a yellow five-pointed star above a yellow, horizontal crescent; the closed side of the crescent is down; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam; the gold color stands for the sands of the Sahara" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "star and crescent" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Hymne National de la Republique Islamique de Mauritanie\" (National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania)", - "lyrics_music": "Baba Ould CHEIKH/traditional, arranged by Tolia NIKIPROWETZKY", - "note": "adopted 1960; the unique rhythm of the Mauritanian anthem makes it particularly challenging to sing" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Half the population still depends on agriculture and livestock for a livelihood, even though many of the nomads and subsistence farmers were forced into the cities by recurrent droughts in the 1970s and 1980s. Mauritania has extensive deposits of iron ore, which account for nearly 40% of total exports. The nation's coastal waters are among the richest fishing areas in the world but overexploitation by foreigners threatens this key source of revenue. The country's first deepwater port opened near Nouakchott in 1986. Before 2000, drought and economic mismanagement resulted in a buildup of foreign debt. In February 2000, Mauritania qualified for debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative and nearly all of its foreign debt has since been forgiven. A new investment code approved in December 2001 improved the opportunities for direct foreign investment. Mauritania and the IMF agreed to a three-year Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) arrangement in 2006. Mauritania made satisfactory progress, but the IMF, World Bank, and other international actors suspended assistance and investment in Mauritania after the August 2008 coup. Since the presidential election in July 2009, donors have resumed assistance. Oil prospects, while initially promising, have largely failed to materialize, and the government has placed a priority on attracting private investment to spur economic growth. The government also emphasizes reduction of poverty, improvement of health and education, and privatization of the economy. Economic growth remained around 5% in 2010-12, mostly because of rising prices of gold, copper, iron ore, and oil." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$7.824 billion (2012 est.); $7.356 billion (2011 est.); $7.082 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$4.199 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "6.4% (2012 est.); 3.9% (2011 est.); 5.1% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$2,200 (2012 est.); $2,100 (2011 est.); $2,000 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "17.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 17.5% of GDP (2011 est.); 15.4% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "87.7%", - "government_consumption": "16.9%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "30.5%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.1%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "68.6%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-103.9% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "14.9%", - "industry": "48%", - "services": "37.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "dates, millet, sorghum, rice, corn; cattle, sheep" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "fish processing, oil production, mining (iron ore, gold, and copper)", - "note": "gypsum deposits have never been exploited" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "9% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "1.318 million (2007)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "50%", - "industry": "10%", - "services": "40% (2001 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "30% (2008 est.); 20% (2004 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "40% (2004 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.5%", - "highest_10%": "29.5% (2000)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "39 (2000); 37.3 (1995)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$1.143 billion", - "expenditures": "$1.263 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "27.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-2.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "6.5% (2012 est.); 5.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "9% (31 December 2009 est.); 12% (31 December 2007)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "17% (31 December 2012 est.); 17% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$1.723 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.741 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$659.8 million (2012 est.); -$549.4 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$2.66 billion (2012 est.); $2.799 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "iron ore, fish and fish products, gold, copper, petroleum" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "China 48.6%, Italy 7.5%, Japan 7%, Cote dIvoire 6.7%, France 4.7%, Spain 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$2.916 billion (2012 est.); $2.656 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, petroleum products, capital goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 12.9%, Netherlands 10.5%, US 7.8%, France 7.7%, Brazil 5.6%, Germany 5.5%, Spain 5.1%, Belgium 4.7% (2012)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$2.897 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.709 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "ouguiyas (MRO) per US dollar -; 296.6 (2012 est.); 281.12 (2011 est.); 275.89 (2010 est.); 262.4 (2009); 238.2 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "474 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "440.8 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "253,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "61.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "38.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "7,738 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "10,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "20 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "18,120 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "12,870 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "28.32 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "2.89 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "72,300 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "3.315 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "limited system of cable and open-wire lines, minor microwave radio relay links, and radiotelephone communications stations; mobile-cellular services expanding rapidly", - "domestic": "Mauritel, the national telecommunications company, was privatized in 2001 but remains the monopoly provider of fixed-line services; fixed-line teledensity 2 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular network coverage extends mainly to urban areas with a teledensity of roughly 100 per 100 persons; mostly cable and open-wire lines; a domestic satellite telecommunications system links Nouakchott with regional capitals", - "international": "country code - 222; satellite earth stations - 3 (1 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean, 2 Arabsat); fiber-optic and Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) cables for Internet access (2009)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "broadcast media state-owned; 1 state-run TV and 1 state-run radio network; Television de Mauritanie, the state-run TV station, has an additional 6 regional TV stations that provide local programming (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".mr" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "22 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "75,000 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "30 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "9", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "5", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "4 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "21", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "10", - "914_to_1_523_m": "8", - "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "text": "728 km", - "standard_gauge": "728 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "11,066 km", - "paved": "2,966 km", - "unpaved": "8,100 km (2006)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "(some navigation is possible on the Senegal River) (2011)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Nouadhibou, Nouakchott" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Mauritanian Armed Forces: Army, Mauritanian Navy (Marine Mauritanienne; includes naval infantry), Islamic Republic of Mauritania Air Group (Groupement Aerienne Islamique de Mauritanie, GAIM) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "718,713", - "females_age_16_49": "804,622 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "480,042", - "females_age_16_49": "581,473 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "36,116", - "female": "36,826 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "5.5% of GDP (2006)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Mauritanian claims to Western Sahara remain dormant" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "26,000 (Western Saharan - Sahrawis) (2012); 69,676 (Mali) (2013)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Mauritania is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to conditions of forced labor and sex trafficking; adults and children from traditional slave castes are subjected to slavery-related practices rooted in ancestral master-slave relationships; Mauritanian boys called talibe are trafficked within the country by religious teachers for forced begging; Mauritanian girls, as well as girls from Mali, Senegal, The Gambia, and other West African countries are forced into domestic servitude; Mauritanian women and girls are forced into prostitution in the country or transported to countries in the Middle East for the same purpose", - "tier_rating": "Tier 3 - Mauritania does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; after the previous year's unprecedented progress in prosecuting and convicting trafficking offenders, the government has not convicted any traffickers; the government has not provided adequate protective services to victims or ensure their referral to NGOs, which provide the majority of care to trafficking victims and generally do not receive government financial support; the absence of measures in place to identify trafficking victims among vulnerable populations may have led to victims being punished for acts committed as a result of being trafficked; the effectiveness of the 2007 anti-slavery law remains impaired because the slaves, many of whom are illiterate, are first required to file a legal complaint, and the government provides no programs to assist victims in lodging slavery complaints (2013)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/mu-mauritius.json b/africa/mu-mauritius.json deleted file mode 100644 index d51654a2..00000000 --- a/africa/mu-mauritius.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,585 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Although known to Arab and Malay sailors as early as the 10th century, Mauritius was first explored by the Portuguese in the 16th century and subsequently settled by the Dutch - who named it in honor of Prince Maurits van NASSAU - in the 17th century. The French assumed control in 1715, developing the island into an important naval base overseeing Indian Ocean trade, and establishing a plantation economy of sugar cane. The British captured the island in 1810, during the Napoleonic Wars. Mauritius remained a strategically important British naval base, and later an air station, playing an important role during World War II for anti-submarine and convoy operations, as well as the collection of signals intelligence. Independence from the UK was attained in 1968. A stable democracy with regular free elections and a positive human rights record, the country has attracted considerable foreign investment and has earned one of Africa's highest per capita incomes." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "20 17 S, 57 33 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "2,040 sq km", - "land": "2,030 sq km", - "water": "10 sq km", - "note": "includes Agalega Islands, Cargados Carajos Shoals (Saint Brandon), and Rodrigues" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "almost 11 times the size of Washington, DC" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "177 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines", - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains encircling central plateau" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Indian Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Mont Piton 828 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "arable land, fish" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "38.24%", - "permanent_crops": "1.96%", - "other": "59.8% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "212.2 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "2.75 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.73 cu km/yr (30%/3%/68%)", - "per_capita": "568.2 cu m/yr (2003)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "cyclones (November to April); almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "water pollution, degradation of coral reefs" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "the main island, from which the country derives its name, is of volcanic origin and is almost entirely surrounded by coral reefs; former home of the dodo, a large flightless bird related to pigeons, driven to extinction by the end of the 17th century through a combination of hunting and the introduction of predatory species" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Mauritian(s)", - "adjective": "Mauritian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Indo-Mauritian 68%, Creole 27%, Sino-Mauritian 3%, Franco-Mauritian 2%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Creole 80.5%, Bhojpuri 12.1%, French 3.4%, English (official; spoken by less than 1% of the population), other 3.7%, unspecified 0.3% (2000 census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Hindu 48%, Roman Catholic 23.6%, Muslim 16.6%, other Christian 8.6%, other 2.5%, unspecified 0.3%, none 0.4% (2000 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "1,322,238 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "21.3% (male 143,874/female 137,850)", - "15_24_years": "15.7% (male 104,861/female 102,671)", - "25_54_years": "44.3% (male 292,714/female 293,590)", - "55_64_years": "10.6% (male 66,460/female 73,964)", - "65_years_and_over": "8% (male 42,718/female 63,536) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "39.8 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "27.6 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "12.2 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "8.2 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "33.5 years", - "male": "32.6 years", - "female": "34.4 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.68% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "13.62 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "6.79 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "41.8% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.57% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "PORT LOUIS (capital) 149,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.9 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.67 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.97 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "60 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "10.89 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "12.95 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "8.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "74.94 years", - "male": "71.48 years", - "female": "78.58 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.78 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "75.8% (2002)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "6% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.06 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "3.4 beds/1,000 population (2011)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 99% of population; total: 99% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 1% of population; total: 1% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 91% of population; rural: 88% of population; total: 89% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 9% of population; rural: 12% of population; total: 11% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "8,800 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 500 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "18.5% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "3.7% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "88.8%", - "male": "91.1%", - "female": "86.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "14 years", - "male": "13 years", - "female": "14 years (2008)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "21.7%", - "male": "17.3%", - "female": "28% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Mauritius", - "conventional_short_form": "Mauritius", - "local_long_form": "Republic of Mauritius", - "local_short_form": "Mauritius" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary democracy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Port Louis", - "geographic_coordinates": "20 09 S, 57 29 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "9 districts and 3 dependencies*; Agalega Islands*, Black River, Cargados Carajos Shoals*, Flacq, Grand Port, Moka, Pamplemousses, Plaines Wilhems, Port Louis, Riviere du Rempart, Rodrigues*, Savanne" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "12 March 1968 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 12 March (1968)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil legal system based on French civil law with some elements of English common law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Rajkeswur Kailash PURRYAG (since 21 July 2012); note - former President Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH resigned on 31 March 2012", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM (since 5 July 2005)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister", - "elections": "president and vice president elected by the National Assembly for five-year terms (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 21 July 2012 (next to be held in 2017); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president, responsible to the National Assembly; note - former President Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH resigned on 31 March 2012", - "election_results": "Rajkeswur Kailash PURRYAG elected president by unanimous vote; percent of vote by the National Assembly - NA" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly (70 seats; 62 members elected by popular vote, 8 appointed by the election commission to give representation to various ethnic minorities; members to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 5 May 2010 (next to be held in 2015)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - AF 41, MMM 18, MR 2, FSM 1; appointed seats - to be assigned 8" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Mauritius (consists of the chief justice, a senior puisne judge, and 17 puisne judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "chief justice appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister; senior puisne judge appointed by the president with the advice of the chief justice; other puisne judges appointed by the president with the advice of the Judicial and Legal Commission, a 4-member body of judicial officials including the chief justice; all judges serve until retirement at age 62", - "subordinate_courts": "Court of Civil Appeal; Court of Criminal Appeal; Public Bodies Appeal Tribunal (formed by a 2008 constitutional amendment)" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Alliance of the Future or AF [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM] (governing coalition - includes MLP, MMSM, MR, MSD, PMSD); Mauritian Labor Party or MLP [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]; Mauritian Militant Movement or MMM [Paul BERENGER]; Mauritian Militant Socialist Movement or MMSM [Pravind JUGNAUTH]; Mauritian Socialist Militant Movement or MSMM [Madan DULLOO]; Mauritian Solidarity Front of FSM [Cehl FAKEERMEEAH]; Maurition Social Democratic Party or PMSD [Xavier Luc DUVAL]; Rodrigues Movement or MR [Joseph (Nicholas) Von MALLY]; Rodrigues Peoples Organization or OPR [Serge CLAIR]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "other": "various labor unions" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, C, CD, COMESA, CPLP (associate), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, SAARC (observer), SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Somduth SOBORUN", - "chancery": "1709 N Street NW, Washington, DC 20036; administrative offices - 3201 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 441, Washington, DC 20036", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 244-1491 through 1492", - "fax": "[1] (202) 966-0983" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Shari VILLAROSA", - "embassy": "4th Floor, Rogers House, John Kennedy Street, Port Louis", - "mailing_address": "international mail: P. O. Box 544, Port Louis; US mail: American Embassy, Port Louis, US Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2450", - "telephone": "[230] 202-4400", - "fax": "[230] 208-9534" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "four equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, yellow, and green; red represents self-determination and independence, blue the Indian Ocean surrounding the island, yellow has been interpreted as the new light of independence, golden sunshine, or the bright future, and green can symbolize either agriculture or the lush vegetation of the island" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Motherland\"", - "lyrics_music": "Jean Georges PROSPER/Philippe GENTIL", - "note": "adopted 1968" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Since independence in 1968, Mauritius has developed from a low-income, agriculturally based economy to a middle-income diversified economy with growing industrial, financial, and tourist sectors. For most of this period, annual growth has been on the order of 5% to 6%. This achievement has been reflected in more equitable income distribution, increased life expectancy, lowered infant mortality, and a much-improved infrastructure. The economy rests on sugar, tourism, textiles and apparel, and financial services, and is expanding into fish processing, information and communications technology, and hospitality and property development. Sugarcane is grown on about 90% of the cultivated land area and accounts for 15% of export earnings. The government's development strategy centers on creating vertical and horizontal clusters of development in these sectors. Mauritius has attracted more than 32,000 offshore entities, many aimed at commerce in India, South Africa, and China. Investment in the banking sector alone has reached over $1 billion. Mauritius, with its strong textile sector, has been well poised to take advantage of the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA). Mauritius' sound economic policies and prudent banking practices helped to mitigate negative effects of the global financial crisis in 2008-09. GDP grew in the 3-4% per year range in 2010-12, and the country continues to expand its trade and investment outreach around the globe." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$20.53 billion (2012 est.); $19.88 billion (2011 est.); $19.15 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$11.47 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.3% (2012 est.); 3.8% (2011 est.); 4.1% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$15,800 (2012 est.); $15,400 (2011 est.); $14,900 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "32% of GDP (2012 est.); 31% of GDP (2011 est.); 31% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "73.5%", - "government_consumption": "13.5%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "23.1%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.5%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "54.5%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-65.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "4.4%", - "industry": "23.5%", - "services": "72% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "sugarcane, tea, corn, potatoes, bananas, pulses; cattle, goats; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "food processing (largely sugar milling), textiles, clothing, mining, chemicals, metal products, transport equipment, nonelectrical machinery, tourism" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "626,900 (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture_and_fishing": "9%", - "construction_and_industry": "30%", - "transportation_and_communication": "7%", - "trade_restaurants_hotels": "22%", - "finance": "6%", - "other_services": "25% (2007)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "8.1% (2012 est.); 7.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "8% (2006 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "39 (2006 est.); 37 (1987 est.)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$2.456 billion", - "expenditures": "$2.664 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "21.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-1.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "56.5% of GDP (2012 est.); 57.4% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 July - 30 June" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "3.9% (2012 est.); 6.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "9% (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "8.67% (31 December 2012 est.); 8.92% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$2.378 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.263 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$26.17 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $23.87 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$12.87 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $11.71 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$6.54 billion (31 December 2011); $6.506 billion (31 December 2010); $4.74 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$1.433 billion (2012 est.); -$1.164 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$2.674 billion (2012 est.); $2.647 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "clothing and textiles, sugar, cut flowers, molasses, fish" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "UK 18.7%, France 16.4%, US 10.4%, South Africa 9.7%, Spain 7.6%, Italy 7.1%, Madagascar 6.7% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$5.107 billion (2012 est.); $4.925 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "manufactured goods, capital equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "India 23.7%, China 15.3%, France 8.9%, South Africa 6.3% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$3.046 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.779 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$3.275 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.686 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Mauritian rupees (MUR) per US dollar -; 30.051 (2012 est.); 28.706 (2011 est.); 30.784 (2010 est.); 31.96 (2009); 27.973 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "2.889 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "2.687 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "885,200 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "75.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "6.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "18.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "24,710 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "22,750 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "4.545 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "374,600 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "1.294 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "small system with good service", - "domestic": "monopoly over fixed-line services terminated in 2005; fixed-line teledensity roughly 30 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular services launched in 1989 with current teledensity roughly 100 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 230; landing point for the SAFE submarine cable that provides links to Asia and South Africa where it connects to the SAT-3/WASC submarine cable that provides further links to parts of East Africa, and Europe; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); new microwave link to Reunion; HF radiotelephone links to several countries (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "the government maintains control over TV broadcasting through the Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation (MBC), which operates 3 analog and 10 digital TV stations; MBC is a shareholder in a local company that operates 2 pay-TV stations; the state retains the largest radio broadcast network with multiple stations; several private radio broadcasters have entered the market since 2001; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are available (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".mu" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "51,139 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "290,000 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "5 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "2", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "3", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "2,066 km", - "paved": "2,066 km (includes 75 km of expressways) (2009)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "4", - "by_type": "passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 1 (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Port Louis" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "no regular military forces; Mauritius Police Force, Special Mobile Force, National Coast Guard (2011)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "343,628 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "280,596", - "females_age_16_49": "283,317 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "10,193", - "female": "10,104 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.1% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Islands; claims French-administered Tromelin Island" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "consumer and transshipment point for heroin from South Asia; small amounts of cannabis produced and consumed locally; significant offshore financial industry creates potential for money laundering, but corruption levels are relatively low and the government appears generally to be committed to regulating its banking industry" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/mw-malawi.json b/africa/mw-malawi.json deleted file mode 100644 index 48f60639..00000000 --- a/africa/mw-malawi.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,599 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Established in 1891, the British protectorate of Nyasaland became the independent nation of Malawi in 1964. After three decades of one-party rule under President Hastings Kamuzu BANDA the country held multiparty elections in 1994, under a provisional constitution that came into full effect the following year. President Bingu wa MUTHARIKA, elected in May 2004 after a failed attempt by the previous president to amend the constitution to permit another term, struggled to assert his authority against his predecessor and subsequently started his own party, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) in 2005. MUTHARIKA was reelected to a second term in May 2009. As president, he oversaw some economic improvement in his first term, but was accused of economic mismanagement and poor governance in his second term. He died abruptly in April 2012 and was succeeded by his vice president, Joyce BANDA. Population growth, increasing pressure on agricultural lands, corruption, and the spread of HIV/AIDS pose major problems for Malawi." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southern Africa, east of Zambia, west and north of Mozambique" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "13 30 S, 34 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "118,484 sq km", - "land": "94,080 sq km", - "water": "24,404 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Pennsylvania" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "2,881 km", - "border_countries": "Mozambique 1,569 km, Tanzania 475 km, Zambia 837 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "sub-tropical; rainy season (November to May); dry season (May to November)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "narrow elongated plateau with rolling plains, rounded hills, some mountains" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "junction of the Shire River and international boundary with Mozambique 37 m", - "highest_point": "Sapitwa (Mount Mlanje) 3,002 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "limestone, arable land, hydropower, unexploited deposits of uranium, coal, and bauxite" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "30.38%", - "permanent_crops": "1.1%", - "other": "68.52% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "735 sq km (2006)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "17.28 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "1.36 cu km/yr (11%/4%/86%)", - "per_capita": "99.86 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation; land degradation; water pollution from agricultural runoff, sewage, industrial wastes; siltation of spawning grounds endangers fish populations" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Law of the Sea" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; Lake Nyasa, some 580 km long, is the country's most prominent physical feature; it contains more fish species than any other lake on earth" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Malawian(s)", - "adjective": "Malawian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Chewa 32.6%, Lomwe 17.6%, Yao 13.5%, Ngoni 11.5%, Tumbuka 8.8%, Nyanja 5.8%, Sena 3.6%, Tonga 2.1%, Ngonde 1%, other 3.5%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Chichewa (official) 57.2%, Chinyanja 12.8%, Chiyao 10.1%, Chitumbuka 9.5%, Chisena 2.7%, Chilomwe 2.4%, Chitonga 1.7%, other 3.6% (1998 census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Christian 82.7%, Muslim 13%, other 1.9%, none 2.5% (1998 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "16,777,547 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "44.7% (male 3,754,206/female 3,738,521)", - "15_24_years": "20.6% (male 1,723,098/female 1,725,326)", - "25_54_years": "28.5% (male 2,422,642/female 2,364,137)", - "55_64_years": "3.6% (male 269,058/female 327,158)", - "65_years_and_over": "2.7% (male 192,928/female 260,473) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "94.1 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "87.9 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.2 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "16.1 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "17.3 years", - "male": "17.2 years", - "female": "17.4 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.74% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "39.98 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "12.54 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "15.7% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "4.2% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "Blantyre 856,000; LILONGWE (capital) 821,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.82 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.75 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "18.9", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "460 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "76.98 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "80.99 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "72.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "52.78 years", - "male": "51.95 years", - "female": "53.62 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "5.26 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "46.1% (2010)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "6.6% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.02 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.3 beds/1,000 population (2011)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 95% of population; rural: 80% of population; total: 83% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 5% of population; rural: 20% of population; total: 17% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 49% of population; rural: 51% of population; total: 51% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 51% of population; rural: 49% of population; total: 49% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "11% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "920,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "51,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "4.3% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "13.8% (2010)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.4% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "74.8%", - "male": "81.1%", - "female": "68.5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "11 years", - "male": "11 years", - "female": "11 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "993,318", - "percentage": "26 % (2006 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Malawi", - "conventional_short_form": "Malawi", - "local_long_form": "Dziko la Malawi", - "local_short_form": "Malawi", - "former": "British Central African Protectorate, Nyasaland Protectorate, Nyasaland" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "multiparty democracy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Lilongwe", - "geographic_coordinates": "13 58 S, 33 47 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "28 districts; Balaka, Blantyre, Chikwawa, Chiradzulu, Chitipa, Dedza, Dowa, Karonga, Kasungu, Likoma, Lilongwe, Machinga, Mangochi, Mchinji, Mulanje, Mwanza, Mzimba, Neno, Ntcheu, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Nsanje, Ntchisi, Phalombe, Rumphi, Salima, Thyolo, Zomba" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "6 July 1964 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day (Republic Day), 6 July (1964)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "18 May 1994" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Appeal" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Joyce BANDA (since 7 April 2012); Vice President Khumbo Hastings KACHALI (since 11 April 2012); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; former President Bingu wa MUTHARIKA died on 5 April 2012, Vice President Joyce BANDA was subsequently sworn in on 7 April 2012", - "head_of_government": "President Joyce BANDA (since 7 April 2012); Vice President Khumbo Hastings KACHALI (since 11 April 2012)", - "cabinet": "36-member Cabinet named by the president", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 19 May 2009 (next to be held in May 2014)", - "election_results": "Bingu wa MUTHARIKA elected president; percent of vote - Bingu wa MUTHARIKA 66%, John TEMBO 30.7%, other 3.3%; note - MUTHARIKA passed away on 5 April 2012 and was succeeded by then vice president Joyce BANDA" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly (193 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 19 May 2009 (next to be held in May 2014)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - DPP 114, MCP 26, UDF 17, independents 32, other 4" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Appeal (consists of the chief justice and at least 3 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly; other judges appointed by the president upon recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission, which regulates judicial officers; judges serve until age 65", - "subordinate_courts": "High Court; magistrate courts; Industrial Relations Court; district and city traditional or local courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Alliance for Democracy or AFORD [Godfrey SHAWA]; Democratic Progressive Party or DPP [Peter MUTHARIKA]; Malawi Congress Party or MCP [John TEMBO]; Malawi Democratic Party or MDP [Kampelo KALUA]; Malawi Forum for Unity and Development or MAFUNDE [George MNESA]; New Labour Party or NLP [Friday JUMBE]; New Republican Party [Gwanda CHAKUWAMBA]; People's Party or PP [Joyce BANDA]; People's Progressive Movement or PPM [Mark Katsonga PHIRI]; People's Transformation Movement or PETRA [Kamuzu CHIBAMBO]; United Democratic Front or UDF [Atupele MULUZI]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Council for NGOs in Malawi or CONGOMA (human rights, democracy, and development); Human Rights Consultative Committee or HRCC (human rights); Malawi Economic Justice Network or MEJN (pro economic growth, development, government accountability); Malawi Law Society (an umbrella organization of all lawyers in Malawi); Public Affairs Committee or PAC (promotes democracy, development, peace and unity)" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Stephen D. Tennyson MATENJE", - "chancery": "2408 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 721-0270", - "fax": "[1] (202) 721-0288" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Jeanine E. JACKSON", - "embassy": "16 Jomo Kenyatta Road, Lilongwe 3", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 30016, Lilongwe 3, Malawi", - "telephone": "[265] (1) 773-166", - "fax": "[265] (1) 770-471" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green with a radiant, rising, red sun centered on the black band; black represents the native peoples, red the blood shed in their struggle for freedom, and green the color of nature; the rising sun represents the hope of freedom for the continent of Africa" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Mulungu dalitsa Malawi\" (Oh God Bless Our Land of Malawi)", - "lyrics_music": "Michael-Fredrick Paul SAUKA", - "note": "adopted 1964" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Landlocked Malawi ranks among the world's most densely populated and least developed countries. The economy is predominately agricultural with about 80% of the population living in rural areas. Agriculture, which has benefited from fertilizer subsidies since 2006, accounts for one-third of GDP and 90% of export revenues. The performance of the tobacco sector is key to short-term growth as tobacco accounts for more than half of exports. The economy depends on substantial inflows of economic assistance from the IMF, the World Bank, and individual donor nations. In 2006, Malawi was approved for relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program. In December 2007, the US granted Malawi eligibility status to receive financial support within the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) initiative. The government faces many challenges including developing a market economy, improving educational facilities, facing up to environmental problems, dealing with the rapidly growing problem of HIV/AIDS, and satisfying foreign donors that fiscal discipline is being tightened. Since 2005 President BANDA'S government has exhibited improved financial discipline under the guidance of Finance Minister Goodall GONDWE and signed a three year Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility worth $56 million with the IMF. The government has announced infrastructure projects that could yield improvements, such as a new oil pipeline for better fuel access, and the potential for a waterway link through Mozambican rivers to the ocean for better transportation options. Since 2009, however, Malawi has experienced some setbacks, including a general shortage of foreign exchange, which has damaged its ability to pay for imports, and fuel shortages that hinder transportation and productivity. Investment fell 23% in 2009, and continued to decline in 2010. The government has failed to address barriers to investment such as unreliable power, water shortages, poor telecommunications infrastructure, and the high costs of services. Donors, who provided an average of 36% of government revenue in the past five years, suspended general budget support for Malawi in 2011 due to a negative IMF review and governance issues." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$14.5 billion (2012 est.); $14.23 billion (2011 est.); $13.64 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$4.212 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.9% (2012 est.); 4.3% (2011 est.); 6.5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$900 (2012 est.); $900 (2011 est.); $900 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "7.5% of GDP (2012 est.); 9.7% of GDP (2011 est.); 15.8% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "74.2%", - "government_consumption": "20.5%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "13.3%", - "investment_in_inventories": "2%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "28.5%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-38.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "29%", - "industry": "19.2%", - "services": "51.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "tobacco, sugarcane, cotton, tea, corn, potatoes, cassava (tapioca), sorghum, pulses, groundnuts, Macadamia nuts; cattle, goats" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "tobacco, tea, sugar, sawmill products, cement, consumer goods" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "5.747 million (2007 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "90%", - "industry_and_services": "10% (2003 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "53% (2004)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3%", - "highest_10%": "31.9% (2004)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "39 (2004)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$1.032 billion", - "expenditures": "$1.358 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "24.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-7.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "61.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 40.7% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 July - 30 June" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "21.4% (2012 est.); 7.6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "15% (31 December 2009); 15% (31 December 2008)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "32.4% (31 December 2012 est.); 23.8% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$457.6 million (31 December 2012 est.); $866.8 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$1.382 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.92 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$1.128 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.042 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$1.384 billion (31 December 2011); $1.363 billion (31 December 2010); $1.383 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$683.4 million (2012 est.); -$758.5 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$1.193 billion (2012 est.); $1.263 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "tobacco 53%, tea, sugar, cotton, coffee, peanuts, wood products, apparel" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Canada 9.8%, Zimbabwe 9.5%, Germany 6.7%, South Africa 6.3%, Russia 6%, US 5.7%, Egypt 5.3% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$1.901 billion (2012 est.); $1.923 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "food, petroleum products, semi-manufactures, consumer goods, transportation equipment" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "South Africa 26.5%, China 16.2%, Zambia 9.1%, India 8.5%, Tanzania 5.5%, US 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$245.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $213.1 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$1.365 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.202 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Malawian kwachas (MWK) per US dollar -; 249.11 (2012 est.); 156.93 (2011 est.); 150.49 (2010 est.); 141.14 (2009); 142.41 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "1.736 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "1.614 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "299,500 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "5.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "94.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "12,060 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "7,209 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "1.358 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "173,500 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "3.952 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "rudimentary; privatization of Malawi Telecommunications (MTL), a necessary step in bringing improvement to telecommunications services, completed in 2006", - "domestic": "limited fixed-line subscribership of about 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular services are expanding but network coverage is limited and is based around the main urban areas; mobile-cellular subscribership about 25 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 265; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean, 1 Atlantic Ocean) (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "radio is the main broadcast medium; state-run radio has the widest geographic broadcasting reach, but about a dozen privately owned radio stations broadcast in major urban areas; the single TV network is government-owned; relays of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".mw" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "1,099 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "716,400 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "32 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "7", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2", - "914_to_1_523_m": "4 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "25", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "11", - "under_914_m": "13 (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "797 km", - "narrow_gauge": "797 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "15,451 km", - "paved": "6,956 km", - "unpaved": "8,495 km (2003)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "700 km (on Lake Nyasa [Lake Malawi] and Shire River) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Chipoka, Monkey Bay, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Chilumba" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Malawi Defense Forces (MDF): Army (includes Air Wing, Marine Unit) (2012)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; standard obligation is 2 years of active duty and 5 years reserve service (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "3,514,809 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,132,909", - "females_age_16_49": "2,043,925 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "183,683", - "female": "183,028 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.8% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "disputes with Tanzania over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and the meandering Songwe River remain dormant" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/mz-mozambique.json b/africa/mz-mozambique.json deleted file mode 100644 index e5ad2db1..00000000 --- a/africa/mz-mozambique.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,608 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Almost five centuries as a Portuguese colony came to a close with independence in 1975. Large-scale emigration, economic dependence on South Africa, a severe drought, and a prolonged civil war hindered the country's development until the mid 1990s. The ruling Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frelimo) party formally abandoned Marxism in 1989, and a new constitution the following year provided for multiparty elections and a free market economy. A UN-negotiated peace agreement between Frelimo and rebel Mozambique National Resistance (Renamo) forces ended the fighting in 1992. In December 2004, Mozambique underwent a delicate transition as Joaquim CHISSANO stepped down after 18 years in office. His elected successor, Armando Emilio GUEBUZA, promised to continue the sound economic policies that have encouraged foreign investment. President GUEBUZA was reelected to a second term in October 2009. However, the elections were flawed by voter fraud, questionable disqualification of candidates, and Frelimo use of government resources during the campaign. As a result, Freedom House removed Mozambique from its list of electoral democracies." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southeastern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "18 15 S, 35 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "799,380 sq km", - "land": "786,380 sq km", - "water": "13,000 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly less than twice the size of California" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "4,571 km", - "border_countries": "Malawi 1,569 km, South Africa 491 km, Swaziland 105 km, Tanzania 756 km, Zambia 419 km, Zimbabwe 1,231 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "2,470 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical to subtropical" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Indian Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Monte Binga 2,436 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "6.51%", - "permanent_crops": "0.25%", - "other": "93.24% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "1,181 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "217.1 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.88 cu km/yr (26%/4%/70%)", - "per_capita": "46.05 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "severe droughts; devastating cyclones and floods in central and southern provinces" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "a long civil war and recurrent drought in the hinterlands have resulted in increased migration of the population to urban and coastal areas with adverse environmental consequences; desertification; pollution of surface and coastal waters; elephant poaching for ivory is a problem" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "the Zambezi flows through the north-central and most fertile part of the country" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Mozambican(s)", - "adjective": "Mozambican" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "African 99.66% (Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, and others), Europeans 0.06%, Euro-Africans 0.2%, Indians 0.08%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Emakhuwa 25.3%, Portuguese (official) 10.7%, Xichangana 10.3%, Cisena 7.5%, Elomwe 7%, Echuwabo 5.1%, other Mozambican languages 30.1%, other 4% (1997 census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Catholic 28.4%, Protestant 27.7% (Zionist Christian 15.5%, Evangelical Pentecostal 10.9%, Anglican 1.3%), Muslim 17.9%, other 7.2%, none 18.7% (1997 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "24,096,669 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "45.5% (male 5,515,341/female 5,457,336)", - "15_24_years": "21.1% (male 2,469,221/female 2,610,720)", - "25_54_years": "27% (male 3,035,069/female 3,461,519)", - "55_64_years": "3.5% (male 396,186/female 442,237)", - "65_years_and_over": "2.9% (male 325,955/female 383,085) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "94.8 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "88.4 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.4 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "15.6 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "16.8 years", - "male": "16.2 years", - "female": "17.5 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.44% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "39.08 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "12.57 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-2.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "31.2% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "3.05% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "MAPUTO (capital) 1.589 million; Matola 761,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "0.93 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.88 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.89 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.85 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.95 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "18.8 (2003 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "490 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "74.63 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "76.78 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "72.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "52.29 years", - "male": "51.54 years", - "female": "53.06 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "5.34 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "11.6% (2011)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "5.2% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.03 physicians/1,000 population (2006)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.7 beds/1,000 population (2011)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 77% of population; rural: 29% of population; total: 47% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 23% of population; rural: 71% of population; total: 53% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 38% of population; rural: 5% of population; total: 18% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 62% of population; rural: 95% of population; total: 82% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "11.5% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "1.4 million (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "74,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "4.9% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "18.3% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5% of GDP (2006)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "56.1%", - "male": "70.8%", - "female": "42.8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "10 years", - "male": "10 years", - "female": "9 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "1,369,080", - "percentage": "22 % (2008 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Mozambique", - "conventional_short_form": "Mozambique", - "local_long_form": "Republica de Mocambique", - "local_short_form": "Mocambique", - "former": "Portuguese East Africa" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Maputo", - "geographic_coordinates": "25 57 S, 32 35 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "10 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia), 1 city (cidade)*; Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Cidade de Maputo*, Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "25 June 1975 (from Portugal)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 25 June (1975)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "30 November 1990" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of Portuguese civil law, Islamic law, and customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Armando Emilio GUEBUZA (since 2 February 2005)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Alberto Clementino VAQUINA (since 8 October 2012)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for three terms); election last held on 28 October 2009 (next to be held in 2014); prime minister appointed by the president", - "election_results": "Armando GUEBUZA reelected president; percent of vote - Armando GUEBUZA 76.3%, Afonso DHLAKAMA 14.9%, Daviz SIMANGO 8.8%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (250 seats; members directly elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 28 October 2009 (next to be held in 2014)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - FRELIMO 74.7%, RENAMO 17.7%, MDM 3.9%, other 3.7%; seats by party - FRELIMO 191, RENAMO 51, MDM 8" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 5 judges); Constitutional Council (consists of 7 judges) note - the Higher Council of the Judiciary is responsible for judiciary management and discipline", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court president and vice president appointed by Mozambique president in consultation with the Higher Council of the Judiciary (CSMJ) and with ratification by the legislature; other judges elected by the legislature; judges serve 5-year renewable terms; Constitutional Council judges appointed - 1 by the president, 5 by the legislature, and 1 by the CSMJ; judges serve 5-year nonrenewable terms", - "subordinate_courts": "Administrative Court (capital city only); provincial courts or Tribunais Judicias de Provincia; District Courts or Tribunais Judicias de Districto; customs courts; maritime courts; courts marshal; labor courts; community courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Democratic Movement of Mozambique (Movimento Democratico de Mocambique) or MDM [Daviz SIMANGO]; Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or FRELIMO [Armando Emilio GUEBUZA]; Mozambique National Resistance (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana) or RENAMO [Afonso DHLAKAMA]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Mozambican League of Human Rights (Liga Mocambicana dos Direitos Humanos) or LDH [Alice MABOTE, president]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, CPLP, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF (observer), OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Amelia Matos SUMBANA", - "chancery": "1525 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 293-7146", - "fax": "[1] (202) 835-0245" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Douglas M. GRIFFITHS", - "embassy": "Avenida Kenneth Kuanda 193, Maputo", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 783, Maputo", - "telephone": "[258] (21) 492797", - "fax": "[258] (21) 490114" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book; green represents the riches of the land, white peace, black the African continent, yellow the country's minerals, and red the struggle for independence; the rifle symbolizes defense and vigilance, the hoe refers to the country's agriculture, the open book stresses the importance of education, and the star represents Marxism and internationalism" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Patria Amada\" (Lovely Fatherland)", - "lyrics_music": "Salomao J. MANHICA/unknown", - "note": "adopted 2002" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "At independence in 1975, Mozambique was one of the world's poorest countries. Socialist mismanagement and a brutal civil war from 1977-92 exacerbated the situation. In 1987, the government embarked on a series of macroeconomic reforms designed to stabilize the economy. These steps, combined with donor assistance and with political stability since the multi-party elections in 1994, have led to dramatic improvements in the country's growth rate. Fiscal reforms, including the introduction of a value-added tax and reform of the customs service, have improved the government's revenue collection abilities. In spite of these gains, Mozambique remained dependent upon foreign assistance for 40% of its 2012 annual budget and over half the population remained below the poverty line. Subsistence agriculture continues to employ the vast majority of the country's work force and smallholder agricultural productivity and productivity growth is weak. A substantial trade imbalance persists although aluminum production from the Mozal smelter has significantly boosted export earnings in recent years. In 2012, The Mozambican government took over Portugal's last remaining share in the Cahora Bassa Hydroelectricity Company (HCB), a signficant contributor to the Southern African Power Pool. The government has plans to expand the Cahora Bassa Dam and build additional dams to increase its electricity exports and fulfill the needs of its burgeoning domestic industries. Mozambique's once substantial foreign debt has been reduced through forgiveness and rescheduling under the IMF's Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and Enhanced HIPC initiatives, and is now at a manageable level. In July 2007, the US government's Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) signed a $506.9 million Compact with Mozambique. Compact projects will end in September 2013 and are focusing on improving sanitation, roads, agriculture, and the business regulation environment in an effort to spur economic growth in the four northern provinces of the country. Citizens rioted in September 2010, after fuel, water, electricity, and bread price increases were announced. In an attempt to lessen the negative impact on people, the government implemented subsidies, decreased taxes and tariffs, and instituted other fiscal measures. Mozambique grew at an average annual rate of 6%-8% in the decade up to 2012, one of Africa's strongest performances. Mozambique's ability to attract large investment projects in natural resources is expected to fuel continued high growth in coming years. Revenues from these vast resources, including natural gas, coal, titanium and hydroelectric capacity, could overtake donor assistance within five years." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$26.69 billion (2012 est.); $24.83 billion (2011 est.); $23.13 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$14.6 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "7.5% (2012 est.); 7.3% (2011 est.); 7.1% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$1,200 (2012 est.); $1,100 (2011 est.); $1,100 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "0% of GDP (2012 est.); 5.2% of GDP (2011 est.); 4.8% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "77.3%", - "government_consumption": "13.5%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "24.8%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.9%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "27%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-43.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "29.5%", - "industry": "23.9%", - "services": "46.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea, cassava (tapioca), corn, coconuts, sisal, citrus and tropical fruits, potatoes, sunflowers; beef, poultry" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "aluminum, petroleum products, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco, food, beverages" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "12% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "10.1 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "81%", - "industry": "6%", - "services": "13% (1997 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "17% (2007 est.); 21% (1997 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "52% (2009 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1.9%", - "highest_10%": "36.7% (2008)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "45.6 (2008); 47.3 (2002)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$4.315 billion", - "expenditures": "$4.904 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "29.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "34.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 34.5% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.1% (2012 est.); 10.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "9.5% (17 January 2013 est.); 3.25% (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "16.81% (31 December 2012 est.); 19.1% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$4.335 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.574 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$5.268 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $4.095 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$3.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.392 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$2.432 billion (2012 est.); -$1.615 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$3.469 billion (2012 est.); $3.118 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "aluminum, prawns, cashews, cotton, sugar, citrus, timber; bulk electricity" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "South Africa 30.9%, Belgium 12.8%, China 9%, Italy 7.8%, Spain 6.2%, India 5.6% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$6.167 billion (2012 est.); $5.368 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, chemicals, metal products, foodstuffs, textiles" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "South Africa 30.7%, China 12.2%, India 11.4%, US 5.1%, Portugal 4.8%, Australia 4.4% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$2.77 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.469 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$4.562 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.097 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "meticais (MZM) per US dollar -; 28.383 (2012 est.); 29.075 (2011 est.); 33.96 (2010 est.); 26.28 (2009); 24.125 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "14.83 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "10.19 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "9.462 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "8.537 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "2.28 million kW (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "0.1% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "99.9% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "19,580 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "13,200 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "3.12 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "80 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "3.04 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "127.4 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "2.728 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "88,100 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "7.855 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "a fair telecommunications system that is shackled with a heavy state presence, lack of competition, and high operating costs and charges", - "domestic": "stagnation in the fixed-line network contrasts with rapid growth in the mobile-cellular network; mobile-cellular coverage now includes all the main cities and key roads, including those from Maputo to the South African and Swaziland borders, the national highway through Gaza and Inhambane provinces, the Beira corridor, and from Nampula to Nacala; extremely low fixed-line teledensity; despite significant growth in mobile-cellular services, teledensity remains low at about 35 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 258; landing point for the EASSy and SEACOM fiber-optic submarine cable systems; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "1 state-run TV station supplemented by private TV station; Portuguese state TV's African service, RTP Africa, and Brazilian-owned TV Miramar are available; state-run radio provides nearly 100% territorial coverage and broadcasts in multiple languages; a number of privately owned and community-operated stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".mz" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "89,737 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "613,600 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "98 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "21", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "9", - "914_to_1_523_m": "5", - "under_914_m": "4 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "77", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "9", - "914_to_1_523_m": "29", - "under_914_m": "38 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 972 km; refined products 278 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "4,787 km", - "narrow_gauge": "4,787 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "30,331 km", - "paved": "6,303 km", - "unpaved": "24,028 km (2000)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "460 km (Zambezi River navigable to Tete and along Cahora Bassa Lake) (2010)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "2", - "by_type": "cargo 2", - "foreign_owned": "2 (Belgium 2) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Beira, Maputo, Nacala" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Mozambique Armed Defense Forces (Forcas Armadas de Defesa de Mocambique, FADM): Mozambique Army, Mozambique Navy (Marinha de Guerra de Mocambique, MGM), Mozambique Air Force (Forca Aerea de Mocambique, FAM) (2012)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "registration for military service is mandatory for all males and females at 18 years of age; 18-35 years of age for selective compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary service; 2-year service obligation; women may serve as officers or enlisted (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "4,613,367 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,677,473", - "females_age_16_49": "2,941,073 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "274,602", - "female": "280,008 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.6% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique to control smuggling, poaching, and illegal migration" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "southern African transit point for South Asian hashish and heroin, and South American cocaine probably destined for the European and South African markets; producer of cannabis (for local consumption) and methaqualone (for export to South Africa); corruption and poor regulatory capability make the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/na-namibia.json b/africa/na-namibia.json deleted file mode 100644 index 31e6050f..00000000 --- a/africa/na-namibia.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,606 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "South Africa occupied the German colony of South-West Africa during World War I and administered it as a mandate until after World War II, when it annexed the territory. In 1966 the Marxist South-West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) guerrilla group launched a war of independence for the area that became Namibia, but it was not until 1988 that South Africa agreed to end its administration in accordance with a UN peace plan for the entire region. Namibia has been governed by SWAPO since the country won independence in 1990. Hifikepunye POHAMBA was elected president in November 2004 in a landslide victory replacing Sam NUJOMA who led the country during its first 14 years of self rule. POHAMBA was reelected in November 2009." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Angola and South Africa" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "22 00 S, 17 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "824,292 sq km", - "land": "823,290 sq km", - "water": "1,002 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly more than half the size of Alaska" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "3,936 km", - "border_countries": "Angola 1,376 km, Botswana 1,360 km, South Africa 967 km, Zambia 233 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "1,572 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "desert; hot, dry; rainfall sparse and erratic" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly high plateau; Namib Desert along coast; Kalahari Desert in east" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Konigstein 2,606 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "diamonds, copper, uranium, gold, silver, lead, tin, lithium, cadmium, tungsten, zinc, salt, hydropower, fish", - "note": "suspected deposits of oil, coal, and iron ore" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "0.97%", - "permanent_crops": "0.01%", - "other": "99.02% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "75.73 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "17.72 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.29 cu km/yr (25%/5%/70%)", - "per_capita": "146 cu m/yr (2002)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "prolonged periods of drought" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "limited natural freshwater resources; desertification; wildlife poaching; land degradation has led to few conservation areas" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "first country in the world to incorporate the protection of the environment into its constitution; some 14% of the land is protected, including virtually the entire Namib Desert coastal strip" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Namibian(s)", - "adjective": "Namibian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "black 87.5%, white 6%, mixed 6.5%", - "note": "about 50% of the population belong to the Ovambo tribe and 9% to the Kavangos tribe; other ethnic groups include Herero 7%, Damara 7%, Nama 5%, Caprivian 4%, Bushmen 3%, Baster 2%, Tswana 0.5%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "English (official) 7%, Afrikaans (common language of most of the population and about 60% of the white population), German 32%, indigenous languages (includes Oshivambo, Herero, Nama) 1%" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Christian 80% to 90% (at least 50% Lutheran), indigenous beliefs 10% to 20%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "2,182,852 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "32.6% (male 358,876/female 352,068)", - "15_24_years": "23.1% (male 254,809/female 249,256)", - "25_54_years": "35.3% (male 399,283/female 370,202)", - "55_64_years": "4.8% (male 47,261/female 57,565)", - "65_years_and_over": "4.3% (male 40,756/female 52,776) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "65.5 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "59.6 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.9 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "17 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "22.4 years", - "male": "22.4 years", - "female": "22.4 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.75% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "20.72 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "13.33 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "38.4% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "3.14% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "WINDHOEK (capital) 342,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.83 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.78 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.02 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "21.4 (2007 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "200 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "45.62 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "48.68 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "42.46 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "52.03 years", - "male": "52.36 years", - "female": "51.69 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.33 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "55.1% (2006/07)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "6.8% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.37 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "2.67 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 90% of population; total: 93% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 10% of population; total: 7% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 57% of population; rural: 17% of population; total: 32% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 43% of population; rural: 83% of population; total: 68% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "13.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "180,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "6,700 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_disease": "malaria", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "9.5% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "17.5% (2007)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "8.3% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "88.8%", - "male": "89%", - "female": "88.5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "11 years", - "male": "11 years", - "female": "11 years (2006)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "58.9%", - "male": "54.6%", - "female": "63.8% (2008)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Namibia", - "conventional_short_form": "Namibia", - "local_long_form": "Republic of Namibia", - "local_short_form": "Namibia", - "former": "German South-West Africa (Sued-West Afrika), South-West Africa" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Windhoek", - "geographic_coordinates": "22 34 S, 17 05 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins first Sunday in September; ends first Sunday in April" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "13 regions; Caprivi, Erongo, Hardap, Karas, Khomas, Kunene, Ohangwena, Okavango, Omaheke, Omusati, Oshana, Oshikoto, Otjozondjupa" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "21 March 1990 (from South African mandate)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 21 March (1990)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "ratified 9 February 1990, effective 12 March 1990" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of uncodified civil law based on Roman-Dutch law and customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Hifikepunye POHAMBA (since 21 March 2005); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Hifikepunye POHAMBA (since 21 March 2005); Prime Minister Hage GEINGOB (since 4 December 2012)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); if no single candidate receives a majority of the vote in the first round of voting, a run-off election is scheduled between the two candidates with the greatest vote count; election last held on 27-28 November 2009 (next to be held in 2014)", - "election_results": "Hifikepunye POHAMBA reelected president; percent of vote - Hifikepunye POHAMBA 76.4%, Hidipo HAMUTENYA 11.0%, Katuutire KAURA 3.0%, Kuaima RIRUAKO 2.9%, Justus GAROEB 2.4%, Ignatius SHIXWAMENI 1.3%, Hendrick MUDGE 1.2%, other 1.8%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral legislature consists of the National Council, primarily an advisory body (26 seats; two members chosen from each regional council to serve six-year terms), and the National Assembly (72 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms, an additonal six nonvoting members are appointed by the president)", - "elections": "National Council - elections for regional councils to determine members of the National Council held on 26-27 November 2010 (next to be held in 2016); National Assembly - last held on 26-27 November 2009 (next to be held in November 2014)", - "election_results": "National Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - SWAPO 24, UDF 1, DTA 1; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - SWAPO 75.3%, RDP 11.3%, DTA 3.1%, NUDO 3.0%, UDF 2.4%, APP 1.4%, RP 0.8%, COD 0.7%, SWANU 0.6%, other 1.3%; seats by party - SWAPO 54, RDP 8, DTA 2, NUDO 2, UDF 2, APP 1, COD 1, RP 1, SWANU 1" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and at least 3 judges in quorum sessions)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges appointed by the president of Namibia upon the recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission; judges serve until age 65 but can be extended by the president until age 70", - "subordinate_courts": "High Court; Labor Court; regional and district magistrates' courts; community courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "All People's Party or APP [Ignatius SHIXWAMENI]; Congress of Democrats or COD [Benjamin ULENGA]; Democratic Turnhalle Alliance of Namibia or DTA [Katuutire KAURA]; Monitor Action Group or MAG [Jurie VILJOEN]; National Democratic Movement for Change or NamDMC; National Unity Democratic Organization or NUDO [Kuaima RIRUAKO]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Hidipo HAMUTENYA]; Republican Party or RP [Hendrick MUDGE]; South West Africa National Union or SWANU [Usutuaije MAAMBERUA]; South West Africa People's Organization or SWAPO [Hifikepunye POHAMBA]; United Democratic Front or UDF [Justus GAROEB]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "National Society for Human Rights or NSHR (NAMRIGHTS as of 2010); various labor unions" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Martin ANDJABA", - "chancery": "1605 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 986-0540", - "fax": "[1] (202) 986-0443" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Wanda L. NESBITT", - "embassy": "14 Lossen Street, Windhoek", - "mailing_address": "Private Bag 12029 Ausspannplatz, Windhoek", - "telephone": "[264] (61) 295-8500", - "fax": "[264] (61) 295-8603" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "a wide red stripe edged by narrow white stripes divides the flag diagonally from lower hoist corner to upper fly corner; the upper hoist-side triangle is blue and charged with a yellow, 12-rayed sunburst; the lower fly-side triangle is green; red signifies the heroism of the people and their determination to build a future of equal opportunity for all; white stands for peace, unity, tranquility, and harmony; blue represents the Namibian sky and the Atlantic Ocean, the country's precious water resources and rain; the yellow sun denotes power and existence; green symbolizes vegetation and agricultural resources" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Namibia, Land of the Brave\"", - "lyrics_music": "Axali DOESEB", - "note": "adopted 1991" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "The economy is heavily dependent on the extraction and processing of minerals for export. Mining accounts for 8% of GDP, but provides more than 50% of foreign exchange earnings. Rich alluvial diamond deposits make Namibia a primary source for gem-quality diamonds. Marine diamond mining is becoming increasingly important as the terrestrial diamond supply has dwindled. Namibia is the world's fourth-largest producer of uranium. It also produces large quantities of zinc and is a small producer of gold and other minerals. The mining sector employs only about 3% of the population. Namibia normally imports about 50% of its cereal requirements; in drought years food shortages are a major problem in rural areas. A high per capita GDP, relative to the region, hides one of the world's most unequal income distributions, as shown by Namibia''s 59.7 GINI coefficient. The Namibian economy is closely linked to South Africa with the Namibian dollar pegged one-to-one to the South African rand. Namibia receives 30%-40% of its revenues from the Southern African Customs Union (SACU). Volatility in the size of Namibia''s annual SACU allotment complicates budget planning. Namibia''s economy remains vulnerable to volatility in the price of uranium. The rising cost of mining diamonds, increasingly from the sea, has reduced profit margins. Namibian authorities recognize these issues and have emphasized the need to increase higher value raw materials, manufacturing, and services, especially in the logistics and transportation sectors." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$17.03 billion (2012 est.); $16.37 billion (2011 est.); $15.61 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$12.3 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "4% (2012 est.); 4.8% (2011 est.); 6.6% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$7,900 (2012 est.); $7,700 (2011 est.); $7,400 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "22.3% of GDP (2012 est.); 20.4% of GDP (2011 est.); 18.4% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "66.3%", - "government_consumption": "25.8%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "22.6%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "39.3%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-54% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "7.4%", - "industry": "31.3%", - "services": "61.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "millet, sorghum, peanuts, grapes; livestock; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "meatpacking, fish processing, dairy products, pasta and beverages; mining (diamonds, lead, zinc, tin, silver, tungsten, uranium, copper)" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "7.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "816,600 (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "16.3%", - "industry": "22.4%", - "services": "61.3%", - "note": "about half of Namibia's people are unemployed while about two-thirds live in rural areas; roughly two-thirds of rural dwellers rely on subsistence agriculture (2008 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "51.2% (2008 est.); 36.7% (2004 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "55.8%", - "note": "the UNDP's 2005 Human Development Report indicated that 34.9% of the population live on $1 per day and 55.8% live on $2 per day (2005 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.4%", - "highest_10%": "42% (2010)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "59.7 (2010); 70.7 (2003)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$4.524 billion", - "expenditures": "$4.885 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "36.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-2.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "25.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 26.4% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 April - 31 March" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "6.5% (2012 est.); 5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "12% (31 December 2010 est.); 7% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "8.7% (31 December 2012 est.); 8.73% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$3.181 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.449 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$7.433 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $8.021 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$6.26 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.73 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$1.152 billion (31 December 2011); $1.176 billion (31 December 2010); $846.3 million (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$49.3 million (2012 est.); -$108.2 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$4.335 billion (2012 est.); $4.639 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "diamonds, copper, gold, zinc, lead, uranium; cattle, processed fish, karakul skins" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$5.586 billion (2012 est.); $5.348 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "foodstuffs; petroleum products and fuel, machinery and equipment, chemicals" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$1.746 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.778 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$4.302 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.187 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Namibian dollars (NAD) per US dollar -; 8.203 (2012 est.); 7.2597 (2011 est.); 7.3212 (2010 est.); 8.42 (2009); 7.75 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "1.643 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "3.635 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "91 million kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "2.519 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "508,000 kW (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "33.3% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "66.7% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "22,990 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2010 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "20,810 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "36.81 billion cu m (1 January 2013 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "3.812 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "140,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "2.24 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "good system; core fiber-optic network links most centers and connections are now digital", - "domestic": "multiple mobile-cellular providers with a combined subscribership of more than 100 telephones per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 264; fiber-optic cable to South Africa, microwave radio relay link to Botswana, direct links to other neighboring countries; connected to the South African Far East (SAFE) submarine cable through South Africa; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "1 private and 1 state-run TV station; satellite and cable TV service is available; state-run radio service broadcasts in multiple languages; about a dozen private radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".na" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "78,280 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "127,500 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "112 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "19", - "over_3_047_m": "4", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "12", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "93", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "25", - "914_to_1_523_m": "52", - "under_914_m": "16 (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "2,626 km", - "narrow_gauge": "2,626 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "64,189 km", - "paved": "5,477 km", - "unpaved": "58,712 km (2010)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "1", - "by_type": "cargo 1 (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Luderitz, Walvis Bay" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Namibian Defense Force (NDF): Army, Navy, Air Force (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "568,231 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "351,431", - "females_age_16_49": "311,513 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "26,413", - "female": "26,038 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "3.7% of GDP (2006)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "concerns from international experts and local populations over the Okavango Delta ecology in Botswana and human displacement scuttled Namibian plans to construct a hydroelectric dam on Popa Falls along the Angola-Namibia border; the governments of South Africa and Namibia have not signed or ratified the text of the 1994 Surveyor's General agreement placing the boundary in the middle of the Orange River; Namibia has supported, and in 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections to, plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Namibia is predominantly a country of origin and destination for children and, to a lesser extent, women subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; victims lured by promises of legitimate jobs are forced to work in hazardous condition in urban centers and on commercial farms; traffickers exploit Namibian children, as well as children from Angola, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, for forced labor in agriculture, cattle herding, domestic service, and criminal activities; children are also forced into prostitution, often catering to tourists from southern Africa and Europe; girls of the San tribe are particularly vulnerable", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Namibia does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; in 2012, the government launched a National Plan of Action on Gender-Based Violence, which included addressing human trafficking but did not complete its draft comprehensive anti-trafficking legislation or obtain parliamentary passage of the Child Care and Protection Bill, which would criminalize child trafficking; a process has been developed for referring trafficking victims for assistance but a system for screening potential victims and providing official designation of trafficking victim status is lacking (2013)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/ne-niger.json b/africa/ne-niger.json deleted file mode 100644 index 5614e45c..00000000 --- a/africa/ne-niger.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,594 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Niger became independent from France in 1960 and experienced single-party and military rule until 1991, when Gen. Ali SAIBOU was forced by public pressure to allow multiparty elections, which resulted in a democratic government in 1993. Political infighting brought the government to a standstill and in 1996 led to a coup by Col. Ibrahim BARE. In 1999, BARE was killed in a counter coup by military officers who restored democratic rule and held elections that brought Mamadou TANDJA to power in December of that year. TANDJA was reelected in 2004 and in 2009 spearheaded a constitutional amendment that would allow him to extend his term as president. In February 2010, a military coup deposed TANDJA, immediately suspended the constitution, and dissolved the Cabinet. ISSOUFOU Mahamadou emerged victorious from a crowded field in the election following the coup and was inaugurated in April 2011. Niger is one of the poorest countries in the world with minimal government services and insufficient funds to develop its resource base. The largely agrarian and subsistence-based economy is frequently disrupted by extended droughts common to the Sahel region of Africa. The Nigerien Movement for Justice, a predominately Tuareg ethnic group, emerged in February 2007, and attacked several military targets in Niger's northern region throughout 2007 and 2008. Successful government offensives in 2009 limited the rebels' operational capabilities. Niger is facing increased security concerns on its borders from various external threats including insecurity in Libya and spillover from the rebellion in Mali." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Western Africa, southeast of Algeria" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "16 00 N, 8 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "1.267 million sq km", - "land": "1,266,700 sq km", - "water": "300 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly less than twice the size of Texas" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "5,697 km", - "border_countries": "Algeria 956 km, Benin 266 km, Burkina Faso 628 km, Chad 1,175 km, Libya 354 km, Mali 821 km, Nigeria 1,497 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "predominately desert plains and sand dunes; flat to rolling plains in south; hills in north" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Niger River 200 m", - "highest_point": "Idoukal-n-Taghes 2,022 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates, gold, molybdenum, gypsum, salt, petroleum" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "11.79%", - "permanent_crops": "0.05%", - "other": "88.16% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "736.6 sq km (2005)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "33.65 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.98 cu km/yr (30%/3%/67%)", - "per_capita": "70.53 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "recurring droughts" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "overgrazing; soil erosion; deforestation; desertification; wildlife populations (such as elephant, hippopotamus, giraffe, and lion) threatened because of poaching and habitat destruction" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Law of the Sea" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; one of the hottest countries in the world; northern four-fifths is desert, southern one-fifth is savanna, suitable for livestock and limited agriculture" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Nigerien(s)", - "adjective": "Nigerien" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Haoussa 55.4%, Djerma Sonrai 21%, Tuareg 9.3%, Peuhl 8.5%, Kanouri Manga 4.7%, other 1.2% (2001 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "French (official), Hausa, Djerma" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim 80%, other (includes indigenous beliefs and Christian) 20%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "16,899,327 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "50% (male 4,261,662/female 4,183,112)", - "15_24_years": "18.2% (male 1,519,241/female 1,557,267)", - "25_54_years": "25.9% (male 2,188,451/female 2,194,606)", - "55_64_years": "3.3% (male 283,955/female 265,460)", - "65_years_and_over": "2.6% (male 226,454/female 219,119) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "111.5 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "105.9 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.5 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "18.1 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "15 years", - "male": "14.9 years", - "female": "15.1 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.32% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "46.84 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "13.07 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "17.8% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "4.91% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "NIAMEY (capital) 1.004 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.01 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "18 (2006 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "590 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "87.98 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "92.64 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "83.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "54.34 years", - "male": "53.17 years", - "female": "55.55 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "7.03 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "13.9% (2012)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "5.2% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.02 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.31 beds/1,000 population (2005)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 39% of population; total: 49% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 61% of population; total: 51% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 34% of population; rural: 4% of population; total: 9% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 66% of population; rural: 96% of population; total: 91% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.8% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "61,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "4,300 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", - "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies", - "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "2.4% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "39.9% (2006)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "4.5% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "28.7%", - "male": "42.9%", - "female": "15.1% (2005 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "5 years", - "male": "6 years", - "female": "5 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "1,557,913", - "percentage": "43 % (2006 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "3.2%", - "male": "4%", - "female": "1.7% (2001)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Niger", - "conventional_short_form": "Niger", - "local_long_form": "Republique du Niger", - "local_short_form": "Niger" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Niamey", - "geographic_coordinates": "13 31 N, 2 07 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "8 regions (regions, singular - region) includes 1 capital district* (communite urbaine); Agadez, Diffa, Dosso, Maradi, Niamey*, Tahoua, Tillaberi, Zinder" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "3 August 1960 (from France)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Republic Day, 18 December (1958); note - commemorates the founding of the Republic of Niger which predated independence from France in 1960" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "adopted 31 October 2010" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil law (based on French civil law), Islamic law, and customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President ISSOUFOU Mahamadou (since 7 April 2011)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Brigi RAFINI (since 7 April 2011); appointed by the president and shares some executive responsibilities with the president", - "cabinet": "26-member Cabinet appointed by the president", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); candidate must receive a majority of the votes to be elected president; a presidential election to restore civilian rule was held 31 January 2011 with a runoff election between ISSOUFOU Mahamadou and Seini OUMAROU held on 12 March 2011", - "election_results": "ISSOUFOU Mahamadou elected president in a runoff election; percent of vote - ISSOUFOU Mahamadou 58%, Seini OUMAROU 42%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly (113 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 31 January 2011", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PNDS-Tarrayya 39, MNSD-Nassara 26, MODEN/FA-Lumana 24, ANDP-Zaman Lahiya 8, RDP-Jama'a 7, UDR-Tabbat 6, CDS-Rahama 2, UNI 1" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Constitutional Court (consists of 7 judges); High Court of Justice (consists of 7 members)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president; judges serve 6-year nonrenewable consecutive terms; High Judicial Court members selected from among the legislature and judiciary; members serve 5-year terms", - "subordinate_courts": "Court of Cassation; Council of State; Court of Finances; various specialized tribunals and customary courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Democratic and Social Convention-Rahama or CDS-Rahama [Mahamane OUSMANE]; National Movement for a Developing Society-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara; Niger Social Democratic Party or PSDN; Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Social Progress-Zaman Lahiya or ANDP-Zaman Lahiya [Moumouni DJERMAKOYE]; Nigerien Democratic Movement for an African Federation or MODEN/FA Lumana; Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism or PNDS-Tarrayya [ISSOUFOU Mahamadou]; Rally for Democracy and Progress-Jama'a or RDP-Jama'a [Hamid ALGABID]; Social and Democratic Rally or RSD-Gaskiyya [Cheiffou AMADOU]; Union for Democracy and the Republic-Tabbat or UDR-Tabbat; Union of Independent Nigeriens or UNI; note: the SPLM and SPLM-DC are banned political parties" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "The Nigerien Movement for Justice or MNJ, a predominantly Tuareg rebel group" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Mamon Sambo SIDIKOU", - "chancery": "2204 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 483-4224 through 4227", - "fax": "[1] (202)483-3169" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Bisa WILLIAMS", - "embassy": "Rue Des Ambassades, Niamey", - "mailing_address": "B. P. 11201, Niamey; Public Affairs Section (PAS), 2420 Niamey PL, Dulles, VA 20189-2420", - "telephone": "[227] 20-73-31-69 or [227] 20-72-39-41", - "fax": "[227] 20-73-55-60" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of orange (top), white, and green with a small orange disk centered in the white band; the orange band denotes the drier northern regions of the Sahara; white stands for purity and innocence; green symbolizes hope and the fertile and productive southern and western areas, as well as the Niger River; the orange disc represents the sun and the sacrifices made by the people", - "note": "similar to the flag of India, which has a blue spoked wheel centered in the white band" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"La Nigerienne\" (The Nigerian)", - "lyrics_music": "Maurice Albert THIRIET/Robert JACQUET and Nicolas Abel Francois FRIONNET", - "note": "adopted 1961" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Niger is a landlocked, Sub-Saharan nation, whose economy centers on subsistence crops, livestock, and some of the world's largest uranium deposits. Agriculture contributes about 40% of GDP and provides livelihood for about 90% of the population. Niger also has sizable reserves of oil, and oil production, refining, and exports are expected to grow significantly between 2011 and 2016. Drought, desertification, and strong population growth have undercut the economy. Niger shares a common currency, the CFA franc, and a common central bank, the Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO), with seven other members of the West African Monetary Union. In December 2000, Niger qualified for enhanced debt relief under the International Monetary Fund program for Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and concluded an agreement with the Fund on a Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF). Debt relief provided under the enhanced HIPC initiative significantly reduced Niger's annual debt service obligations, freeing funds for expenditures on basic health care, primary education, HIV/AIDS prevention, rural infrastructure, and other programs geared at poverty reduction. In December 2005, Niger received 100% multilateral debt relief from the IMF, which translated into the forgiveness of approximately US$86 million in debts to the IMF, excluding the remaining assistance under HIPC. The economy was hurt when the international community cut off non-humanitarian aid in response to TANDJA's moves to extend his term as president. Nearly half of the government's budget is derived from foreign donor resources. Future growth may be sustained by exploitation of oil, gold, coal, and other mineral resources. The government, however, has made efforts to secure a new three-year extended credit facility with the IMF following the one that completed in 2011. Oil revenue to the government has fallen well short of its budgeted level. Strikes risk undermining political stability. Food security remains a problem in Niger and is exacerbated by refugees from Mali." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$13.34 billion (2012 est.); $12 billion (2011 est.); $11.74 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$6.575 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "11.2% (2012 est.); 2.2% (2011 est.); 10.7% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$800 (2012 est.); $800 (2011 est.); $800 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "30.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 26.5% of GDP (2011 est.); 21.5% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "67.9%", - "government_consumption": "18%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "56.1%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "24.5%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-66.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "39.6%", - "industry": "17.1%", - "services": "43.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "cowpeas, cotton, peanuts, millet, sorghum, cassava (manioc), rice; cattle, sheep, goats, camels, donkeys, horses, poultry" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "uranium mining, cement, brick, soap, textiles, food processing, chemicals, slaughterhouses" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "12.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "4.688 million (2007)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "90%", - "industry": "6%", - "services": "4% (1995)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "63% (1993 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.7%", - "highest_10%": "28.5% (2007)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "34 (2007); 50.5 (1995)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$1.698 billion (2012 est.)", - "expenditures": "$1.871 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "25.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-2.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "0.5% (2012 est.); 2.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "4.25% (31 December 2009); 4.75% (31 December 2008)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "4% (31 December 2012 est.); 4.3% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$1.284 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $939.7 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$1.201 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $1.171 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$915 million (31 December 2012 est.); $825.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$1.628 billion (2012 est.); -$1.697 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$1.389 billion (2012 est.); $1.233 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "uranium ore, livestock, cowpeas, onions" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Nigeria 41%, US 17%, India 14.1%, Italy 8.5%, China 7.7%, Ghana 5.7% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$2.328 billion (2012 est.); $2.217 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "foodstuffs, machinery, vehicles and parts, petroleum, cereals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "France 14.2%, China 11.1%, French Polynesia 9.9%, Nigeria 9.7%, Togo 5.5% (2012)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$1.543 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.408 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -; 510.53 (2012 est.); 471.87 (2011 est.); 495.28 (2010); 472.19 (2009); 447.81 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "210 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "695.3 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "500 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "145,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "6,712 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "NA bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "5,629 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "3,330 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "1.796 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "85,900 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "4.743 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "inadequate; small system of wire, radio telephone communications, and microwave radio relay links concentrated in the southwestern area of Niger", - "domestic": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity remains only about 30 per 100 persons despite a rapidly increasing cellular subscribership base; domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations and 1 planned", - "international": "country code - 227; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-run TV station; 3 private TV stations provide a mix of local and foreign programming; state-run radio has only radio station with a national reach; about 30 private radio stations operate locally; as many as 100 community radio stations broadcast; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ne" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "454 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "115,900 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "30 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "10", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "3", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "6", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "20", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", - "914_to_1_523_m": "15", - "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "18,949 km", - "paved": "3,912 km", - "unpaved": "15,037 km (2008)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "300 km (the Niger, the only major river, is navigable to Gaya between September and March) (2012)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Nigerien Armed Forces (Forces Armees Nigeriennes, FAN): Army, Nigerien Air Force (Force Aerienne du Niger) (2012)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 is the presumed legal minimum age for compulsory or voluntary military service; enlistees must be Nigerien citizens and unmarried; 2-year service term; women may serve in health care (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "3,329,184", - "females_age_16_49": "3,267,669 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,194,570", - "females_age_16_49": "2,219,416 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "186,348", - "female": "180,779 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.9% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Libya claims about 25,000 sq km in a currently dormant dispute in the Tommo region; location of Benin-Niger-Nigeria tripoint is unresolved; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty that also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries; the dispute with Burkina Faso was referred to the ICJ in 2010" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "50,000 (Mali) (2013)", - "idps": "undetermined (unknown how many of the 11,000 people displaced by clashes between government forces and the Tuareg militant group, Niger Movement for Justice, in 2007 are still displaced; inter-communal violence) (2012)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/ng-nigeria.json b/africa/ng-nigeria.json deleted file mode 100644 index f6009a25..00000000 --- a/africa/ng-nigeria.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,630 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "British influence and control over what would become Nigeria and Africa's most populous country grew through the 19th century. A series of constitutions after World War II granted Nigeria greater autonomy; independence came in 1960. Following nearly 16 years of military rule, a new constitution was adopted in 1999, and a peaceful transition to civilian government was completed. The government continues to face the daunting task of reforming a petroleum-based economy, whose revenues have been squandered through corruption and mismanagement, and institutionalizing democracy. In addition, Nigeria continues to experience longstanding ethnic and religious tensions. Although both the 2003 and 2007 presidential elections were marred by significant irregularities and violence, Nigeria is currently experiencing its longest period of civilian rule since independence. The general elections of April 2007 marked the first civilian-to-civilian transfer of power in the country's history." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "10 00 N, 8 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "923,768 sq km", - "land": "910,768 sq km", - "water": "13,000 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly more than twice the size of California" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "4,047 km", - "border_countries": "Benin 773 km, Cameroon 1,690 km, Chad 87 km, Niger 1,497 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "853 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Chappal Waddi 2,419 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "natural gas, petroleum, tin, iron ore, coal, limestone, niobium, lead, zinc, arable land" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "38.97%", - "permanent_crops": "3.46%", - "other": "57.57% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "2,932 sq km (2004)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "286.2 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "13.11 cu km/yr (31%/15%/54%)", - "per_capita": "89.21 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "periodic droughts; flooding" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "soil degradation; rapid deforestation; urban air and water pollution; desertification; oil pollution - water, air, and soil; has suffered serious damage from oil spills; loss of arable land; rapid urbanization" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "the Niger enters the country in the northwest and flows southward through tropical rain forests and swamps to its delta in the Gulf of Guinea" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Nigerian(s)", - "adjective": "Nigerian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Nigeria, Africa's most populous country, is composed of more than 250 ethnic groups; the following are the most populous and politically influential: Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo (Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani, over 500 additional indigenous languages" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "174,507,539 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "43.8% (male 39,127,615/female 37,334,281)", - "15_24_years": "19.3% (male 17,201,067/female 16,451,357)", - "25_54_years": "30.1% (male 25,842,967/female 26,699,432)", - "55_64_years": "3.8% (male 3,016,896/female 3,603,048)", - "65_years_and_over": "3% (male 2,390,154/female 2,840,722) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "89 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "83.8 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.2 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "19.3 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "17.9 years", - "male": "17.4 years", - "female": "18.4 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.54% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "38.78 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "13.2 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "49.6% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "3.75% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "Lagos 10.203 million; Kano 3.304 million; Ibadan 2.762 million; ABUJA (capital) 1.857 million; Kaduna 1.519 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.97 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.85 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.85 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.01 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "20.9 (2008 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "630 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "72.97 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "77.98 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "67.66 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "52.46 years", - "male": "49.35 years", - "female": "55.77 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "5.31 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "14.1% (2011)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "5.1% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.4 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.53 beds/1,000 population (2004)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 74% of population; rural: 43% of population; total: 58% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 26% of population; rural: 57% of population; total: 42% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 35% of population; rural: 27% of population; total: 31% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 65% of population; rural: 73% of population; total: 69% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "3.6% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "3.3 million (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "220,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever", - "water_contact_diseases": "leptospirosis and schistosomiasis", - "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis", - "aerosolized_dust_or_soil_contact_disease": "one of the most highly endemic areas for Lassa fever", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies", - "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "6.5% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "26.7% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "61.3%", - "male": "72.1%", - "female": "50.4% (2010 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "9 years", - "male": "10 years", - "female": "8 years (2005)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "11,396,823", - "percentage": "29 % (2007 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Federal Republic of Nigeria", - "conventional_short_form": "Nigeria" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "federal republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Abuja", - "geographic_coordinates": "9 05 N, 7 32 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "36 states and 1 territory*; Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Federal Capital Territory*, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nassarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "1 October 1960 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day (National Day), 1 October (1960)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "adopted 5 May 1999; effective 29 May 1999" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law, Islamic law (in 12 northern states), and traditional law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Goodluck JONATHAN (since 5 May 2010, acting since 9 February 2010); Vice President Mohammed Namadi SAMBO (since 19 May 2010); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; JONATHAN assumed the presidency on 5 May 2010 following the death of President YAR'ADUA; JONATHAN was declared Acting President on 9 February 2010 by the National Assembly during the extended illness of the former president", - "head_of_government": "President Goodluck JONATHAN (since 5 May 2010, acting since 9 February 2010); Vice President Mohammed Namadi SAMBO (since 19 May 2010)", - "cabinet": "Federal Executive Council", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a four-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 16 April 2011 (next to be held in April 2015)", - "election_results": "Goodluck JONATHAN elected president; percent of vote - Goodluck JONATHAN 58.9%, Muhammadu BUHARI 32.0%, Nuhu RIBADU 5.4%, Ibrahim SHEKARAU 2.4%, other 1.3%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral National Assembly consists of the Senate (109 seats, 3 from each state plus 1 from Abuja; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and House of Representatives (360 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "Senate - last held on 9 and 26 April 2011 (next to be held in 2015); House of Representatives - last held on 9 and 26 April 2011 (next to be held in 2015)", - "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDP 73, ACN 17, ANPP 7, CPC 6, LP 4, other 2; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDP 205, ACN 69, CPC 36, ANPP 28, LP 9, APGA 6, ACC 5, other 2; note - due to logistical problems elections in a number of constituencies were held on 26 April 2011" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 15 justices)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Judicial Council, a 23-member independent body of federal and state judicial officials; judge appointments confirmed by the Senate; judges serve until age 65", - "subordinate_courts": "Court of Appeal; Federal High Court; High Court of the Federal Capital Territory; Sharia Court of Appeal of the Federal Capital Territory; Customary Court of Appeal of the Federal Capital Territory; state court system similar in structure to federal system" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Accord Party or ACC [Mohammad Lawal MALADO]; Action Congress of Nigeria or ACN [Adebisi Bamidele AKANDE]; All Nigeria Peoples Party or ANPP [Ogbonnaya C. ONU]; All Progressives Grand Alliance or APGA [Victor C. UMEH]; Congress for Progressive Change or CPC [Tony MOMOH]; Democratic Peoples Party or DPP [Jeremiah USENI]; Labor Party [Umar MUSTAPHA]; Peoples Democratic Party or PDP [Bamanga TUKUR]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Academic Staff Union for Universities or ASUU; Campaign for Democracy or CD; Civil Liberties Organization or CLO; Committee for the Defense of Human Rights or CDHR; Constitutional Right Project or CRP; Human Right Africa; National Association of Democratic Lawyers or NADL; National Association of Nigerian Students or NANS; Nigerian Bar Association or NBA; Nigerian Labor Congress or NLC; Nigerian Medical Association or NMA; the press; Universal Defenders of Democracy or UDD" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, D-8, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Adebowale Ibidapo ADEFUYE", - "chancery": "3519 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 986-8400", - "fax": "[1] (202) 362-6541", - "consulates_general": "Atlanta, New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Terence P. MCCULLEY", - "embassy": "Plot 1075 Diplomatic Drive, Central District Area, Abuja", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 5760, Garki, Abuja", - "telephone": "[234] (9) 461-4000", - "fax": "[234] (9) 461-4171" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green; the color green represents the forests and abundant natural wealth of the country, white stands for peace and unity" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "eagle" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Arise Oh Compatriots, Nigeria's Call Obey\"", - "lyrics_music": "John A. ILECHUKWU, Eme Etim AKPAN, B. A. OGUNNAIKE, Sotu OMOIGUI and P. O. ADERIBIGBE/Benedict Elide ODIASE", - "note": "adopted 1978; the lyrics are a mixture of five of the top entries in a national contest" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Oil-rich Nigeria has been hobbled by political instability, corruption, inadequate infrastructure, and poor macroeconomic management, but in 2008 began pursuing economic reforms. Nigeria's former military rulers failed to diversify the economy away from its overdependence on the capital-intensive oil sector, which provides 95% of foreign exchange earnings and about 80% of budgetary revenues. Following the signing of an IMF stand-by agreement in August 2000, Nigeria received a debt-restructuring deal from the Paris Club and a $1 billion credit from the IMF, both contingent on economic reforms. Nigeria pulled out of its IMF program in April 2002, after failing to meet spending and exchange rate targets, making it ineligible for additional debt forgiveness from the Paris Club. In November 2005, Abuja won Paris Club approval for a debt-relief deal that eliminated $18 billion of debt in exchange for $12 billion in payments - a total package worth $30 billion of Nigeria's total $37 billion external debt. Since 2008 the government has begun to show the political will to implement the market-oriented reforms urged by the IMF, such as modernizing the banking system, removing subsidies, and resolving regional disputes over the distribution of earnings from the oil industry. GDP rose strongly in 2007-12 because of growth in non-oil sectors and robust global crude oil prices. President JONATHAN has established an economic team that includes experienced and reputable members and has announced plans to increase transparency, diversify economic growth, and improve fiscal management. Lack of infrastructure and slow implementation of reforms are key impediments to growth. The government is working toward developing stronger public-private partnerships for roads, agriculture, and power. Nigeria's financial sector was hurt by the global financial and economic crises, but the Central Bank governor has taken measures to restructure and strengthen the sector to include imposing mandatory higher minimum capital requirements." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$455.5 billion (2012 est.); $428.4 billion (2011 est.); $399 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$268.7 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "6.3% (2012 est.); 7.4% (2011 est.); 8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$2,800 (2012 est.); $2,700 (2011 est.); $2,600 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "24.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 19.4% of GDP (2011 est.); 20.4% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "53.2%", - "government_consumption": "14.9%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "18.4%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "44.2%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-30.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "30.9%", - "industry": "43%", - "services": "26% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "cocoa, peanuts, cotton, palm oil, corn, rice, sorghum, millet, cassava (tapioca), yams, rubber; cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; timber; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "crude oil, coal, tin, columbite; rubber products, wood; hides and skins, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food products, footwear, chemicals, fertilizer, printing, ceramics, steel" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "53.83 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "70%", - "industry": "10%", - "services": "20% (1999 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "23.9% (2011 est.); 4.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "70% (2010 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1.8%", - "highest_10%": "38.2% (2010 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "43.7 (2003); 50.6 (1997)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$22.35 billion", - "expenditures": "$27.87 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "8.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-2.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "16.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 17.2% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "12.2% (2012 est.); 10.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "4.25% (31 December 2010 est.); 6% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "16.79% (31 December 2012 est.); 16.02% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$44 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $38.87 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$80.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $74.08 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$93.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $89.37 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$39.27 billion (31 December 2011); $50.88 billion (31 December 2010); $33.32 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$6.158 billion (2012 est.); $8.686 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$92.16 billion (2012 est.); $92.5 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "petroleum and petroleum products 95%, cocoa, rubber" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 16.8%, India 12.1%, Netherlands 8.6%, Spain 7.8%, Brazil 7.6%, UK 5.1%, Germany 4.9%, Japan 4.1%, France 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$54.6 billion (2012 est.); $61.65 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, manufactured goods, food and live animals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 18.2%, US 10%, India 5.5% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$46.41 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $35.21 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$13.12 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $13.11 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$84.43 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $78.24 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$11.24 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $10.34 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "nairas (NGN) per US dollar -; 156.81 (2012 est.); 154.74 (2011 est.); 150.3 (2010 est.); 148.9 (2009); 117.8 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "18.82 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "17.66 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "5.898 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "67.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "32.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "2.525 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "2.051 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "38.5 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "102,100 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "271,600 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "15,470 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "133,400 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "29 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "4.97 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "24.02 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "5.11 trillion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "80.51 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "719,400 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "95.167 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "further expansion and modernization of the fixed-line telephone network is needed; network quality remains a problem", - "domestic": "the addition of a second fixed-line provider in 2002 resulted in faster growth but subscribership remains only about 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular services growing rapidly, in part responding to the shortcomings of the fixed-line network; multiple cellular providers operate nationally with subscribership base approaching 60 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 234; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "nearly 70 federal government-controlled national and regional TV stations; all 36 states operate TV stations; several private TV stations operational; cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; network of federal government-controlled national, regional, and state radio stations; roughly 40 state government-owned radio stations typically carry their own programs except for news broadcasts; about 20 private radio stations; transmissions of international broadcasters are available (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ng" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "1,234 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "43.989 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "54 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "40", - "over_3_047_m": "10", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "12", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "9", - "914_to_1_523_m": "6", - "under_914_m": "3 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "14", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2", - "914_to_1_523_m": "9", - "under_914_m": "3 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "5 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "condensate 124 km; gas 4,045 km; liquid petroleum gas 164 km; oil 4,441 km; refined products 3,940 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "3,505 km", - "narrow_gauge": "3,505 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "193,200 km", - "paved": "28,980 km", - "unpaved": "164,220 km (2004)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "8,600 km (Niger and Benue rivers and smaller rivers and creeks) (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "89", - "by_type": "cargo 2, chemical tanker 28, liquefied gas 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 56, specialized tanker 1", - "foreign_owned": "3 (India 1, UK 2)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "33 (Bahamas 2, Bermuda 11, Comoros 1, Italy 1, Liberia 4, North Korea 1, Panama 6, Seychelles 1, unknown 6) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Bonny Inshore Terminal, Calabar, Lagos" - }, - "transportation_note": { - "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea as high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; in 2012, 27 commercial vessels were boarded or attacked compared with 10 attacks in 2011; crews were robbed and stores or cargoes stolen; Nigerian pirates have extended the range of their attacks to as far away as Cote d'Ivoire" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Nigerian Armed Forces: Army, Navy, Air Force (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "37,087,711", - "females_age_16_49": "35,232,127 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "20,839,976", - "females_age_16_49": "19,867,683 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "1,767,428", - "female": "1,687,719 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.9% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Joint Border Commission with Cameroon reviewed 2002 ICJ ruling on the entire boundary and bilaterally resolved differences, including June 2006 Greentree Agreement that immediately cedes sovereignty of the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon with a phase-out of Nigerian control within two years while resolving patriation issues; the ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but imprecisely defined coordinates in the ICJ decision and a sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River all contribute to the delay in implementation; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries; location of Benin-Niger-Nigeria tripoint is unresolved" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "5,299 (Liberia) (2011)", - "idps": "undetermined (communal violence between Christians and Muslims, political violence; flooding; forced evictions; competition for resources; displacement is mostly short-term) (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "a transit point for heroin and cocaine intended for European, East Asian, and North American markets; consumer of amphetamines; safe haven for Nigerian narcotraffickers operating worldwide; major money-laundering center; massive corruption and criminal activity; Nigeria has improved some anti-money-laundering controls, resulting in its removal from the Financial Action Task Force's (FATF's) Noncooperative Countries and Territories List in June 2006; Nigeria's anti-money-laundering regime continues to be monitored by FATF" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/rw-rwanda.json b/africa/rw-rwanda.json deleted file mode 100644 index e96d971c..00000000 --- a/africa/rw-rwanda.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,606 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "In 1959, three years before independence from Belgium, the majority ethnic group, the Hutus, overthrew the ruling Tutsi king. Over the next several years, thousands of Tutsis were killed, and some 150,000 driven into exile in neighboring countries. The children of these exiles later formed a rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), and began a civil war in 1990. The war, along with several political and economic upheavals, exacerbated ethnic tensions, culminating in April 1994 in a state-orchestrated genocide, in which Rwandans killed up to a million of their fellow citizens, including approximately three-quarters of the Tutsi population. The genocide ended later that same year when the predominantly Tutsi RPF, operating out of Uganda and northern Rwanda, defeated the national army and Hutu militias, and established an RPF-led government of national unity. Approximately 2 million Hutu refugees - many fearing Tutsi retribution - fled to neighboring Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, and former Zaire. Since then, most of the refugees have returned to Rwanda, but several thousand remained in the neighboring Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC, the former Zaire) and formed an extremist insurgency bent on retaking Rwanda, much as the RPF did in 1990. Rwanda held its first local elections in 1999 and its first post-genocide presidential and legislative elections in 2003. Rwanda in 2009 staged a joint military operation with the Congolese Army in DRC to rout out the Hutu extremist insurgency there, and Kigali and Kinshasa restored diplomatic relations. Rwanda also joined the Commonwealth in late 2009. In January 2013, Rwanda assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2013-14 term." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "2 00 S, 30 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "26,338 sq km", - "land": "24,668 sq km", - "water": "1,670 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Maryland" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "893 km", - "border_countries": "Burundi 290 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 217 km, Tanzania 217 km, Uganda 169 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to January); mild in mountains with frost and snow possible" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly grassy uplands and hills; relief is mountainous with altitude declining from west to east" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Rusizi River 950 m", - "highest_point": "Volcan Karisimbi 4,519 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "gold, cassiterite (tin ore), wolframite (tungsten ore), methane, hydropower, arable land" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "46.32%", - "permanent_crops": "9.49%", - "other": "44.19% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "96.25 sq km (2007)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "9.5 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.15 cu km/yr (33%/11%/55%)", - "per_capita": "17.25 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "periodic droughts; the volcanic Virunga mountains are in the northwest along the border with Democratic Republic of the Congo", - "volcanism": "Visoke (elev. 3,711 m), located on the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo, is the country's only historically active volcano" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation results from uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel; overgrazing; soil exhaustion; soil erosion; widespread poaching" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Law of the Sea" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; most of the country is savanna grassland with the population predominantly rural" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Rwandan(s)", - "adjective": "Rwandan" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Hutu (Bantu) 84%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 15%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Kinyarwanda (official, universal Bantu vernacular), French (official), English (official), Kiswahili (Swahili, used in commercial centers)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 56.5%, Protestant 26%, Adventist 11.1%, Muslim 4.6%, indigenous beliefs 0.1%, none 1.7% (2001)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "12,012,589 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "42.3% (male 2,561,999/female 2,521,530)", - "15_24_years": "19.1% (male 1,142,985/female 1,145,500)", - "25_54_years": "32.2% (male 1,943,017/female 1,929,924)", - "55_64_years": "3.9% (male 219,111/female 254,064)", - "65_years_and_over": "2.5% (male 119,086/female 175,373) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "82.8 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "78.5 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "4.3 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "23 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "18.7 years", - "male": "18.4 years", - "female": "19 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.7% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "35.49 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "9.41 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "19.1% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "4.5% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "KIGALI (capital) 909,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.86 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.67 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "22.9", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "340 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "61.03 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "64.58 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "57.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "58.85 years", - "male": "57.34 years", - "female": "60.4 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "4.71 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "51.6% (2010/11)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "10.5% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.02 physicians/1,000 population (2005)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.6 beds/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 76% of population; rural: 63% of population; total: 65% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 24% of population; rural: 37% of population; total: 35% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 52% of population; rural: 56% of population; total: 55% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 48% of population; rural: 44% of population; total: 45% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "2.9% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "170,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "4,100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "4.3% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "11.7% (2011)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "4.8% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "71.1%", - "male": "74.8%", - "female": "67.5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "11 years", - "male": "11 years", - "female": "11 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "783,113", - "percentage": "35 % (2000 est.)" - }, - "people_note": { - "text": "Rwanda is the most densely populated country in Africa" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Rwanda", - "conventional_short_form": "Rwanda", - "local_long_form": "Republika y'u Rwanda", - "local_short_form": "Rwanda", - "former": "Ruanda, German East Africa" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic; presidential, multiparty system" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Kigali", - "geographic_coordinates": "1 57 S, 30 03 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "4 provinces (in French - provinces, singular - province; in Kinyarwanda - intara for singular and plural) and 1 city* (in French - ville; in Kinyarwanda - umujyi); Est (Eastern), Kigali*, Nord (Northern), Ouest (Western), Sud (Southern)" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "1 July 1962 (from Belgium-administered UN trusteeship)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 1 July (1962)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "constitution passed by referendum 26 May 2003" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil law, based on German and Belgian models, and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Pierre Damien HABUMUREMYI (since 7 October 2011)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 9 August 2010 (next to be held in 2017)", - "election_results": "Paul KAGAME elected to a second term as president; Paul KAGAME 93.1%, Jean NTAWUKURIRYAYO 5.1%, Prosper HIGIRO 1.4%, Alvera MUKABARAMBA 0.4%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of Senate (26 seats; 12 members elected by local councils, 8 appointed by the president, 4 appointed by the Political Organizations Forum, 2 represent institutions of higher learning; members to serve eight-year terms) and Chamber of Deputies (80 seats; 53 members elected by popular vote, 24 women elected by local bodies, 3 selected by youth and disability organizations; members to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "Senate - NA; Chamber of Deputies - last held on 15 September 2008 (next to be held on 16-18 September 2013)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - RPF 78.8%, PSD 13.1%, PL 7.5%; seats by party - RPF 42, PSD 7, PL 4, additional 27 members indirectly elected" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 12 judges; normally organized into 3-judge benches) note - the Gacaca Court was established in 2001 by the National Unity Government to try cases of genocide against the Tutsis", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges nominated by the president of the republic, after consultation with the Cabinet and the Superior Council of the Judiciary (a 14-member body of judges, other judicial officials, and legal professionals), and approved by the Senate; court president and vice president appointed for 8-year nonrenewable terms; tenure of other judges NA", - "subordinate_courts": "High Court of the Republic; commercial courts including the High Commercial Court; intermediate courts; primary courts; Gacaca and military specialized courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Centrist Democratic Party or PDC [Agnes MUKABARANGA]; Democratic Popular Union of Rwanda or UDPR [Gonzague RWIGEMA]; Democratic Republican Movement or MDR [Celestin KABANDA] (officially banned); Islamic Democratic Party or PDI [Musa Fazil HARERIMANA]; Liberal Party or PL [Protais MITALI]; Party for Democratic Renewal (officially banned); Party for Progress and Concord or PPC [Alvera MUKABARAMBA]; Rwandan Patriotic Front or RPF [Paul KAGAME]; Rwandan Socialist Party or PSR [Jean Baptist RUCIBIGANGO]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Vincent BIRUTA]; Socialist Party-Imberakuri or PS-Imberakuri [Christine MUKABUNANI]; Solidarity and Prosperity Party or PSP [Pheobe KANYANGE]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "IBUKA (association of genocide survivors)" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CEPGL, COMESA, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Mathilde MUKANTABANA", - "chancery": "1714 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 232-2882", - "fax": "[1] (202) 232-4544" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Donald W. KORAN", - "embassy": "2657 Avenue de la Gendarmerie, Kigali", - "mailing_address": "B. P. 28, Kigali", - "telephone": "[250] 596-400", - "fax": "[250] 596-591" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three horizontal bands of sky blue (top, double width), yellow, and green, with a golden sun with 24 rays near the fly end of the blue band; blue represents happiness and peace, yellow economic development and mineral wealth, green hope of prosperity and natural resources; the sun symbolizes unity, as well as enlightenment and transparency from ignorance" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Rwanda nziza\" (Rwanda, Our Beautiful Country)", - "lyrics_music": "Faustin MURIGO/Jean-Bosco HASHAKAIMANA", - "note": "adopted 2001" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Rwanda is a poor rural country with about 90% of the population engaged in (mainly subsistence) agriculture and some mineral and agro-processing. Tourism, minerals, coffee and tea are Rwanda's main sources of foreign exchange. Minerals exports declined 40% in 2009-10 due to the global economic downturn. The 1994 genocide decimated Rwanda's fragile economic base, severely impoverished the population, particularly women, and temporarily stalled the country's ability to attract private and external investment. However, Rwanda has made substantial progress in stabilizing and rehabilitating its economy to pre-1994 levels. GDP has rebounded with an average annual growth of 7%-8% since 2003 and inflation has been reduced to single digits. Nonetheless, a significant percent of the population still live below the official poverty line. Despite Rwanda's fertile ecosystem, food production often does not keep pace with demand, requiring food imports. Rwanda continues to receive substantial aid money and obtained IMF-World Bank Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) initiative debt relief in 2005-06. In recognition of Rwanda's successful management of its macro economy, in 2010, the IMF graduated Rwanda to a Policy Support Instrument (PSI). Rwanda also received a Millennium Challenge Threshold Program in 2008. Africa's most densely populated country is trying to overcome the limitations of its small, landlocked economy by leveraging regional trade. Rwanda joined the East African Community and is aligning its budget, trade, and immigration policies with its regional partners. The government has embraced an expansionary fiscal policy to reduce poverty by improving education, infrastructure, and foreign and domestic investment and pursuing market-oriented reforms. Energy shortages, instability in neighboring states, and lack of adequate transportation linkages to other countries continue to handicap private sector growth. The Rwandan Government is seeking to become regional leader in information and communication technologies. In 2010, Rwanda neared completion of the first modern Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in Kigali. The SEZ seeks to attract investment in all sectors, but specifically in agribusiness, information and communications technologies, trade and logistics, mining, and construction. The global downturn hurt export demand and tourism, but economic growth has recovered, driven in large part by the services sector, but inflation has grown. On the back of this growth, government is gradually ending its fiscal stimulus policy while protecting aid to the poor." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$15.74 billion (2012 est.); $14.62 billion (2011 est.); $13.5 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$7.223 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "7.7% (2012 est.); 8.3% (2011 est.); 7.2% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$1,500 (2012 est.); $1,400 (2011 est.); $1,400 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "15.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 14% of GDP (2011 est.); 13.5% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "87.9%", - "government_consumption": "9.4%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "20.4%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "11.7%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-29.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "33.3%", - "industry": "13.9%", - "services": "52.9% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "coffee, tea, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), bananas, beans, sorghum, potatoes; livestock" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "cement, agricultural products, small-scale beverages, soap, furniture, shoes, plastic goods, textiles, cigarettes" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "4.446 million (2007)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "90%", - "industry_and_services": "10% (2000)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "44.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.1%", - "highest_10%": "43.2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "46.8 (2000); 28.9 (1985)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$1.67 billion", - "expenditures": "$1.873 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "23.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-2.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "21.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 23.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "6.3% (2012 est.); 5.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "7.75% (31 December 2010 est.); 11.25% (31 December 2008)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "17.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 17.4% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$1.164 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.068 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$1.536 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.324 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$680.5 million (31 December 2012 est.); $628.2 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$657.8 million (2012 est.); -$692.2 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$451.3 million (2012 est.); $469 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "coffee, tea, hides, tin ore" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Kenya 32.6%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 13.1%, China 11.7%, Malaysia 10.4%, US 5.6%, Swaziland 5.2%, Pakistan 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$1.559 billion (2012 est.); $1.565 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, steel, petroleum products, cement and construction material" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Kenya 18.4%, Uganda 16.6%, UAE 8.3%, China 6.9%, India 5.4%, Tanzania 5.4%, Belgium 4.3% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$1.035 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.05 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$1.153 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.103 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$676.5 million (31 December 2012 est.); $583.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$12.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $12.9 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Rwandan francs (RWF) per US dollar -; 616.6 (2012 est.); 601.83 (2011 est.); 583.13 (2010 est.); 568.18 (2009); 550 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "240.2 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "301.4 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "2 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "80 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "56,250 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "53.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "46.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "5,245 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "5,125 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "56.63 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "869,400 Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "38,900 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "4.446 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "small, inadequate telephone system primarily serves business, education, and government", - "domestic": "the capital, Kigali, is connected to the centers of the provinces by microwave radio relay and, recently, by cellular telephone service; much of the network depends on wire and HF radiotelephone; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular telephone density has increased and now exceeds 40 telephones per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 250; international connections employ microwave radio relay to neighboring countries and satellite communications to more distant countries; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) in Kigali (includes telex and telefax service) (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "government owns and operates the only TV station; government-owned and operated Radio Rwanda has a national reach; 9 private radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".rw" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "1,447 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "450,000 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "7 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "4", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "3", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "14,008 km", - "paved": "2,662 km", - "unpaved": "11,346 km (2004)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "(Lac Kivu navigable by shallow-draft barges and native craft) (2011)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Cyangugu, Gisenyi, Kibuye" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Rwanda Defense Force (RDF): Rwanda Army (Rwanda Land Force), Rwanda Air Force (Force Aerienne Rwandaise, FAR) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; Rwandan citizenship is required, as is a 9th grade education for enlisted recruits and an A-level certificate for officer candidates; enlistment is either as contract (5-years, renewable twice) or career; retirement (for officers and senior NCOs) after 20 years of service or at 40-60 years of age (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,625,917", - "females_age_16_49": "2,608,110 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,685,066", - "females_age_16_49": "1,749,580 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "110,736", - "female": "110,328 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.3% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Burundi and Rwanda dispute two sq km (0.8 sq mi) of Sabanerwa, a farmed area in the Rukurazi Valley where the Akanyaru/Kanyaru River shifted its course southward after heavy rains in 1965; fighting among ethnic groups - loosely associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces in Great Lakes region transcending the boundaries of Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DROC), Rwanda, and Uganda - abated substantially from a decade ago due largely to UN peacekeeping, international mediation, and efforts by local governments to create civil societies; nonetheless, 57,000 Rwandan refugees still reside in 21 African states, including Zambia, Gabon, and 20,000 who fled to Burundi in 2005 and 2006 to escape drought and recriminations from traditional courts investigating the 1994 massacres; the 2005 DROC and Rwanda border verification mechanism to stem rebel actions on both sides of the border remains in place" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "57,857 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2012)", - "idps": "undetermined (fighting between government and insurgency in 1998-99; returning refugees) (2012)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Rwanda is a source and, to a lesser extent, transit and destination country for women and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; Rwandan girls and, to a lesser extent, boys are exploited in domestic servitude within the country; Rwandan girls are also forced into prostitution by older girls, women, and loosely organized prostitution networks; Rwandan women and children are subjected to forced agricultural and industrial labor, domestic servitude, and prostitution in Kenya, Uganda, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Burundi, Zambia, South Africa, France, the Netherlands, Malaysia, China, and the US; children in Rwanda-based refugee camps are brought to Kigali, Uganda, Kenya, Sudan, and South Sudan for use in the sex trade; a limited number of foreign nationals are moved through Rwanda to be exploited in third countries", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Rwanda does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government maintains strong efforts to investigate and prosecute some trafficking crimes but fails to stop M23 (an armed group in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo) from recruiting within Rwanda, which is at times reportedly supported by government officials, amounting to complicity in human trafficking; although the revised penal code covers almost all forms of human trafficking, its narrow definition may result in the confusion of trafficking with other crimes; other obstacles include a lack of awareness of human trafficking among officials and an inadequate number of investigators (2013)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/sc-seychelles.json b/africa/sc-seychelles.json deleted file mode 100644 index 467a955e..00000000 --- a/africa/sc-seychelles.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,565 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "A lengthy struggle between France and Great Britain for the islands ended in 1814, when they were ceded to the latter. Independence came in 1976. Socialist rule was brought to a close with a new constitution and free elections in 1993. President France-Albert RENE, who had served since 1977, was re-elected in 2001, but stepped down in 2004. Vice President James MICHEL took over the presidency and in July 2006 was elected to a new five-year term; he was reelected in May 2011." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "archipelago in the Indian Ocean, northeast of Madagascar" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "4 35 S, 55 40 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "455 sq km", - "land": "455 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "2.5 times the size of Washington, DC" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "491 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical marine; humid; cooler season during southeast monsoon (late May to September); warmer season during northwest monsoon (March to May)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "Mahe Group is granitic, narrow coastal strip, rocky, hilly; others are coral, flat, elevated reefs" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Indian Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Morne Seychellois 905 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "fish, copra, cinnamon trees" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "2.17%", - "permanent_crops": "4.35%", - "other": "93.48% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "2.6 sq km (2003)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "lies outside the cyclone belt, so severe storms are rare; occasional short droughts" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "water supply depends on catchments to collect rainwater" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "41 granitic and about 75 coralline islands" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Seychellois (singular and plural)", - "adjective": "Seychellois" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "mixed French, African, Indian, Chinese, and Arab" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Creole 91.8%, English (official) 4.9%, other 3.1%, unspecified 0.2% (2002 census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 82.3%, Protestant 7.5% (Anglican 6.4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.1%), other Christian 3.4%, Hindu 2.1%, Muslim 1.1%, other non-Christian 1.5%, unspecified 1.5%, none 0.6% (2002 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "90,846 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "21.2% (male 9,852/female 9,364)", - "15_24_years": "14.6% (male 6,932/female 6,293)", - "25_54_years": "49.3% (male 23,471/female 21,306)", - "55_64_years": "7.8% (male 3,663/female 3,378)", - "65_years_and_over": "7.3% (male 2,520/female 4,067) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "42.6 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "31.6 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "11 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "9.1 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "33.4 years", - "male": "33 years", - "female": "34 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.9% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "14.85 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "6.89 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "1.01 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "53.6% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.05% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "VICTORIA (capital) 26,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.09 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.1 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.09 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.61 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.04 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "11.06 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "13.85 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "8.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "74.01 years", - "male": "69.4 years", - "female": "78.76 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.89 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "3.4% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.51 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "3.6 beds/1,000 population (2011)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 98% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "23.9% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "4.8% of GDP (2006)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "91.8%", - "male": "91.4%", - "female": "92.3% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "13 years", - "male": "13 years", - "female": "14 years (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "20.3% (2002)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Seychelles", - "conventional_short_form": "Seychelles", - "local_long_form": "Republic of Seychelles", - "local_short_form": "Seychelles" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Victoria", - "geographic_coordinates": "4 37 S, 55 27 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "25 administrative districts; Anse aux Pins, Anse Boileau, Anse Etoile, Anse Royale, Au Cap, Baie Lazare, Baie Sainte Anne, Beau Vallon, Bel Air, Bel Ombre, Cascade, Glacis, Grand Anse Mahe, Grand Anse Praslin, Inner Islands, La Riviere Anglaise, Les Mamalles, Mont Buxton, Mont Fleuri, Plaisance, Pointe Larue, Port Glaud, Roche Caiman, Saint Louis, Takamaka" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "29 June 1976 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Constitution Day (National Day), 18 June (1993)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "18 June 1993" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law, French civil law, and customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President James Alix MICHEL (since 14 April 2004); Vice President Danny FAURE (since 1 July 2010); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President James Alix MICHEL (since 14 April 2004); Vice President Danny FAURE (since 1 July 2010)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for two more terms); election last held on 19-21 May 2011 (next to be held in 2016)", - "election_results": "President James MICHEL elected president; percent of vote - James MICHEL 55.5%, Wavel RAMKALAWAN 41.4%, Philippe BOULLE 1.7%, Ralph VOLCERE 1.5%; note - this was the second election in which President James MICHEL participated; he was originally sworn in as president after former president France Albert RENE stepped down in April 2004" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (34 seats; 25 members elected by popular vote, 9 allocated on a proportional basis to parties winning at least 10% of the vote; members to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 29 September - 1 October 2011 (next to be held in 2016); note - the National Assembly was dissolved in July 2011 resulting in early elections", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - PL 88.6%, PDM 10.9%, independents 0.6%; seats by party - PL 31, vacant - 3; note - the ruling SPPF changed its name to People's Party (Party Lepep) in June 2009; the SNP and NDP boycotted the 2011 elections" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Seychelles Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and 4 justices; Supreme Court of Seychelles (consists of the chief justice and 5 pusine judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 3 Supreme Court judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "all judges appointed by the president of the republic upon the recommendation of the Constitutional Appointments Committee, a 3-member body, with 1 member appointed by the president of the republic, 1 by the opposition leader in the National Assembly, and 1 by the other 2 appointees; judges appointed until retirement at age 70", - "subordinate_courts": "Magistrates' Courts of Seychelles; Family Tribunal for issues such as domestic violence, and child custody and maintenance" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Democratic Party or DP [James MANCHAM, Paul CHOW]; New Democratic Party or NDP; People's Party (Parti Lepep) or PL [France Albert RENE]; Popular Democratic Movement or PDM; Seychelles National Party or SNP [Wavel RAMKALAWAN] (formerly the United Opposition or UO)" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Roman Catholic Church", - "other": "trade unions" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, C, CD, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Marie-Louise Cecile POTTER", - "chancery": "800 Second Avenue, Suite 400C, New York, NY 10017", - "telephone": "[1] (212) 972-1785", - "fax": "[1] (212) 972-1786", - "consulates_general": "Los Angeles" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Seychelles; the ambassador to Mauritius is accredited to Seychelles" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "five oblique bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, red, white, and green (bottom) radiating from the bottom of the hoist side; the oblique bands are meant to symbolize a dynamic new country moving into the future; blue represents sky and sea, yellow the sun giving light and life, red the peoples' determination to work for the future in unity and love, white social justice and harmony, green the land and natural environment" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Koste Seselwa\" (Seychellois Unite)", - "lyrics_music": "David Francois Marc ANDRE and George Charles Robert PAYET", - "note": "adopted 1996" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "since independence in 1976, per capita output in this Indian Ocean archipelago has expanded to roughly seven times the pre-independence, near-subsistence level, moving the island into the upper-middle-income group of countries. Growth has been led by the tourist sector, which employs about 30% of the labor force and provides more than 70% of hard currency earnings, and by tuna fishing. In recent years, the government has encouraged foreign investment to upgrade hotels and other services. At the same time, the government has moved to reduce the dependence on tourism by promoting the development of farming, fishing, and small-scale manufacturing. In July 2008 the government defaulted on a Euro amortizing note worth roughly US$80 million, leading to a downgrading of Seychelles credit rating. In an effort to obtain loans to service its debt, Seychelles in November 2008 signed a standby arrangement with the IMF that mandated floating the exchange rate, removing foreign exchange controls, cutting government spending, and tightening monetary policy. In response to Seychelles' successful implementation of these policies, the IMF upgraded Seychelles to a three-year extended fund facility (EFF) of $31 million in December 2009. In 2008, GDP fell more than 1% due to declining tourism and the initial effects of liberalization, but the economy recovered in 2010-11 after the reforms took hold and tourism increased. Growth slowed again in 2012 with flagging tourism from Russia and the United Arab Emirates. Seychelles is attempting to implement further structural reforms, including overhauling the tax system, reorganizing of state enterprises, and deregulating the finance and communications sectors." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$2.355 billion (2012 est.); $2.292 billion (2011 est.); $2.182 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$1.031 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.8% (2012 est.); 5% (2011 est.); 5.6% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$25,600 (2012 est.); $25,200 (2011 est.); $24,300 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "18.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 11.6% of GDP (2011 est.); 8.4% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "99.1%", - "government_consumption": "13.4%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "37.2%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "41.1%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-101.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "2%", - "industry": "18.7%", - "services": "79.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "coconuts, cinnamon, vanilla, sweet potatoes, cassava (tapioca), copra, bananas; poultry; tuna" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "fishing, tourism, processing of coconuts and vanilla, coir (coconut fiber) rope, boat building, printing, furniture; beverages" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "39,560 (2006)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "3%", - "industry": "23%", - "services": "74% (2006)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "2% (2006 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "4.7%", - "highest_10%": "15.4% (2007)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$438.3 million", - "expenditures": "$415.4 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "42.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "2.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "61.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 74.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "7.1% (2012 est.); 2.6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "11.17% (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "12.19% (31 December 2012 est.); 11.19% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$301.5 million (31 December 2012 est.); $302.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$553.4 million (31 December 2011 est.); $598.9 million (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$408.1 million (31 December 2012 est.); $422.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$179.8 million (2012 est.); -$211.1 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$493.3 million (2012 est.); $478 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "canned tuna, frozen fish, cinnamon bark, copra, petroleum products (reexports)" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "France 27.8%, UK 17.7%, Japan 15.3%, Italy 10.7% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$889.6 million (2012 est.); $879.6 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals, other manufactured goods" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Saudi Arabia 23.2%, Spain 11.9%, France 5.8% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$318.7 million (31 December 2012 est.); $290.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$1.776 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.779 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Seychelles rupees (SCR) per US dollar -; 13.704 (2012 est.); 12.381 (2011 est.); 12.068 (2010 est.); 13.61 (2009); 8 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "245 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "227.9 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "95,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2010 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "7,793 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "6,923 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "1.245 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "27,900 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "126,600 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "effective system", - "domestic": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity exceeds 170 telephones per 100 persons; radiotelephone communications between islands in the archipelago", - "international": "country code - 248; direct radiotelephone communications with adjacent island countries and African coastal countries; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "the government operates the only terrestrial TV station, which provides local programming and airs broadcasts from international services; multi-channel cable and satellite TV are available; the government operates 1 AM and 1 FM radio station; transmissions of 2 international broadcasters are accessible in Victoria (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".sc" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "247 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "32,000 (2008)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "14 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "7", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "5", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "7", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2", - "under_914_m": "5 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "508 km", - "paved": "490 km", - "unpaved": "18 km (2003)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "9", - "by_type": "cargo 1, carrier 1, chemical tanker 6, petroleum tanker 1", - "foreign_owned": "3 (Hong Kong 1, Nigeria 1, South Africa 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Victoria" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Seychelles Defense Force: Army, Coast Guard (includes Naval Wing, Air Wing), National Guard (2005)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service (younger with parental consent); no conscription (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "26,257", - "females_age_16_49": "23,996 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "20,231", - "females_age_16_49": "19,891 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "686", - "female": "650 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.8% of GDP (2011)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Islands (UK-administered British Indian Ocean Territory)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Seychelles is a source and destination country for Seychellois children and foreign women subjected to sex trafficking; Seychellois girls and, to a lesser extent, boys are forced into prostitution in nightclubs, bars, guest houses, hotels, brothels, private homes, and on the streets by peers, family members, and pimps; foreign tourists, sailors, and migrant workers contribute to the demand for commercial sex acts in Seychelles; some of the large population of foreign migrant workers reportedly experience the underpayment of wages and substandard housing", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Seychelles does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government has failed to report any investigations, prosecutions, or convictions of trafficking offenses; the government also has not identified or provided protective services to any trafficking victims and punished victims for crimes committed as a result of being trafficked, although it has acknowledged the need for specialized training of officials in recognizing, investigating, and prosecuting trafficking offenses, it did not provide any such training during the reporting period (2013)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/sd-sudan.json b/africa/sd-sudan.json deleted file mode 100644 index 3e417b3f..00000000 --- a/africa/sd-sudan.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,607 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Military regimes favoring Islamic-oriented governments have dominated national politics since independence from the UK in 1956. Sudan was embroiled in two prolonged civil wars during most of the remainder of the 20th century. These conflicts were rooted in northern economic, political, and social domination of largely non-Muslim, non-Arab southern Sudanese. The first civil war ended in 1972 but broke out again in 1983. The second war and famine-related effects resulted in more than four million people displaced and, according to rebel estimates, more than two million deaths over a period of two decades. Peace talks gained momentum in 2002-04 with the signing of several accords. The final North/South Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), signed in January 2005, granted the southern rebels autonomy for six years followed by a referendum on independence for Southern Sudan. The referendum was held in January 2011 and indicated overwhelming support for independence. South Sudan became independent on 9 July 2011. Since southern independence Sudan has been combating rebels from the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N) in Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile states. A separate conflict, which broke out in the western region of Darfur in 2003, has displaced nearly two million people and caused an estimated 200,000 to 400,000 deaths. The UN took command of the Darfur peacekeeping operation from the African Union in December 2007. Peacekeeping troops have struggled to stabilize the situation, which has become increasingly regional in scope and has brought instability to eastern Chad. Sudan also has faced large refugee influxes from neighboring countries primarily Ethiopia and Chad. Armed conflict, poor transport infrastructure, and lack of government support have chronically obstructed the provision of humanitarian assistance to affected populations." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "north-eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "15 00 N, 30 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "1,861,484 sq km", - "land": "NA", - "water": "NA" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly less than one-fifth the size of the US" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "6,751 km", - "border_countries": "Central African Republic 175 km, Chad 1,360 km, Egypt 1,275 km, Eritrea 605 km, Ethiopia 769 km, Libya 383 km, South Sudan 2,184 km", - "note": "Sudan-South Sudan boundary represents 1 January 1956 alignment; final alignment pending negotiations and demarcation; final sovereignty status of Abyei region pending negotiations between Sudan and South Sudan" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "853 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "18 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "hot and dry; arid desert; rainy season varies by region (April to November)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "generally flat, featureless plain; desert dominates the north" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Red Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Jabal Marrah 3,071 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold; hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "6.76%", - "permanent_crops": "0.07%", - "other": "93.17% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "18,900 sq km (2010)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "64.5 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "27.59 cu km/yr (4%/1%/95%)", - "per_capita": "683.4 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "dust storms and periodic persistent droughts" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "inadequate supplies of potable water; wildlife populations threatened by excessive hunting; soil erosion; desertification; periodic drought" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "dominated by the Nile and its tributaries" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Sudanese (singular and plural)", - "adjective": "Sudanese" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Sudanese Arab (approximately 70%), Fur, Beja, Nuba, Fallata" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Arabic (official), English (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, Fur", - "note": "program of \"Arabization\" in process" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Sunni Muslim, small Christian minority" - }, - "population": { - "text": "34,847,910" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "41.4% (male 7,337,924/female 7,104,702)", - "15_24_years": "20% (male 3,596,729/female 3,376,682)", - "25_54_years": "31.4% (male 5,316,659/female 5,639,494)", - "55_64_years": "3.8% (male 711,596/female 620,962)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.3% (male 629,312/female 513,850) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "79.9 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "74.1 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.8 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "17.1 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "18.9 years", - "male": "18.6 years", - "female": "19.1 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.83% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "30.84 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "8.09 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-4.44 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "33.2% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "KHARTOUM (capital) 5.021 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.94 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.16 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "1.24 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.02 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "730 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "54.23 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "59.75 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "48.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "62.95 years", - "male": "60.93 years", - "female": "65.07 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "4.05 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "9% (2010)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "6.3% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.28 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.7 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 67% of population; rural: 52% of population; total: 58% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 33% of population; rural: 48% of population; total: 42% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 44% of population; rural: 14% of population; total: 26% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 56% of population; rural: 86% of population; total: 74% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "1.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "260,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "12,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria, dengue fever, and Rift Valley fever", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", - "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies", - "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "6% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "31.7% (2006)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "71.9%", - "male": "80.7%", - "female": "63.2%", - "note": "pre-secession of South Sudan (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "4 years (2000)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of the Sudan", - "conventional_short_form": "Sudan", - "local_long_form": "Jumhuriyat as-Sudan", - "local_short_form": "As-Sudan", - "former": "Anglo-Egyptian Sudan" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "Federal republic ruled by the National Congress Party the (NCP), which came to power by military coup in 1989; the CPA-mandated Government of National Unity, which since 2005 provided a percentage of leadership posts to the south Sudan-based Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM), was disbanded following the secession of South Sudan." - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Khartoum", - "geographic_coordinates": "15 36 N, 32 32 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "17 states (wilayat, singular - wilayah); Al Bahr al Ahmar (Red Sea), Al Jazira (Gezira), Al Khartoum (Khartoum), Al Qadarif (Gedaref), An Nil al Abyad (White Nile), An Nil al Azraq (Blue Nile), Ash Shimaliyya (Northern), Gharb Darfur (Western Darfur), Janub Darfur (Southern Darfur), Janub Kurdufan (Southern Kordofan), Kassala, Nahr an Nil (River Nile), Sharq Darfur (Eastern Darfur), Shimal Darfur (Northern Darfur), Shimal Kurdufan (Northern Kordofan), Sinnar, Wasat Darfur (Central Darfur)" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "1 January 1956 (from Egypt and the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 1 January (1956)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "the Government of Sudan is in the process of drafting a new constitution to replace the Interim National Constitution ratified 5 July 2005" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of Islamic law and English common law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; withdrew acceptance of ICCt jurisdiction in 2008" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "17 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR (since 16 October 1993); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR (since 16 October 1993)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president; note - the NCP (formerly the National Islamic Front or NIF) dominates al-BASHIR's cabinet", - "elections": "election on 11-15 April 2010 (next to be held in 2015)", - "election_results": "Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR reelected president; percent of vote - Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR 68.2%, Yasir ARMAN 21.7%, Abdullah Deng NHIAL 3.9%, others 6.2%", - "note": "al-BASHIR assumed power as chairman of Sudan's Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation (RCC) in June 1989 and served concurrently as chief of state, chairman of the RCC, prime minister, and minister of defense until mid-October 1993 when he was appointed president by the RCC; he was elected president by popular vote for the first time in March 1996" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral National Legislature consists of a Council of States (50 seats; members indirectly elected by state legislatures to serve six-year terms) and a National Assembly (450 seats; 60% from geographic constituencies, 25% from a women's list, and 15% from party lists; members to serve six-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 11-15 April 2010 (next to be held in 2016)", - "election_results": "National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NCP 323, SPLM 99, PCP 4, DUP 4, UFP 3, URDP 2, DUPO 2, SPLM-DC 2, other 7, vacant 4; composition of National Assembly following South Sudan's independence - seats by party - NCP 317, SPLM 8, PCP 4, DUP 4, UFP 3, URDP 2, DUPO 1, UP 1, UNP 1, UCLP 1, MB 1, independent 3, vacant 8", - "note": "the mandate of the members from the south was terminated upon independence by the Republic of South Sudan effective 9 July 2011 and membership in Sudan's National Assembly was reduced to 354; it is unclear whether this total will be retained for the next election or whether the previous total of 450 will be reconstituted" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "National Supreme Court (consists of 70 judges organized into panels of 3 judges; court includes 4 circuits that operate outside the capital); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 justices including the court president); note - the Constitutional Court resides outside the national judiciary", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "National Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president of the republic upon the recommendation of the National Judicial Service Commission, an independent body chaired by the chief justice of the republic and members including other judges and judicial and legal officials; Supreme Court judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed for 7 years", - "subordinate_courts": "National Court of Appeals; other national courts (not specified in the 2005 Interim National Constitution as to national or local authority); township and rural (peoples') courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Democratic Unionist Party or DUP [Hatim al-SIR]; Democratic Unionist Party-Original or DUPO; Muslim Brotherhood or MB; National Congress Party or NCP [Umar Hassan al-BASHIR]; Popular Congress Party or PCP [Hassan al-TURABI]; Sudan People's Liberation Movement or SPLM; Sudan People's Liberation Movement for Democratic Change or SPLM-DC [Lam AKOL Ajawin]; Umma Party or UP; Umma Federal Party or UFP; Umma National Party or UNP; Umma Reform and Development Party or URDP; Umma Collective Leadership Party or UCLP" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Umma Party [SADIQ Siddiq al-Mahdi]; Popular Congress Party or PCP [Hassan al-TURABI]; Democratic Unionist Party [Muhammad Uthman al-MIRGHANI]; Darfur rebel groups including the Justice and Equality Movement or JEM [Jabril IBRAHIM and other factional leaders] and the Sudan Liberation Movement or SLM [various factional leaders]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, CAEU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Elhafiz Eisa Abdulla ADAM", - "chancery": "2210 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 338-8565", - "fax": "[1] (202) 667-2406" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Joseph D. STAFFORD, III", - "embassy": "Sharia Ali Abdul Latif Street, Khartoum", - "mailing_address": "P.O. Box 699, Kilo 10, Soba, Khartoum; APO AE 09829", - "telephone": "[249] (187)-0-(22000)", - "fax": "[249] (183) 774-137" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; colors and design based on the Arab Revolt flag of World War I, but the meanings of the colors are expressed as follows: red signifies the struggle for freedom, white is the color of peace, light, and love, black represents Sudan itself (in Arabic 'Sudan' means black), green is the color of Islam, agriculture, and prosperity" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "secretary bird" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Nahnu Djundulla Djundulwatan\" (We Are the Army of God and of Our Land)", - "lyrics_music": "Sayed Ahmad Muhammad SALIH/Ahmad MURJAN", - "note": "adopted 1956; the song originally served as the anthem of the Sudanese military" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Sudan is an extremely poor country that has had to deal with social conflict, civil war, and the July 2011 secession of South Sudan - the region of the country that had been responsible for about three-fourths of the former Sudan's total oil production. The oil sector had driven much of Sudan's GDP growth since it began exporting oil in 1999. For nearly a decade, the economy boomed on the back of increases in oil production, high oil prices, and significant inflows of foreign direct investment. Following South Sudan''s secession, Sudan has struggled to maintain economic stability, because oil earnings now provide a far lower share of the country''s need for hard currency and for budget revenues. Sudan is attempting to generate new sources of revenues, such as from gold mining, while carrying out an austerity program to reduce expenditures. Agricultural production continues to employ 80% of the work force. Sudan introduced a new currency, still called the Sudanese pound, following South Sudan''s secession, but the value of the currency has fallen since its introduction. Khartoum formally devalued the currency in June 2012, when it passed austerity measures that included gradually repealing fuel subsidies. Sudan also faces rising inflation, which reached 47% on an annual basis in November 2012. Ongoing conflicts in Southern Kordofan, Darfur, and the Blue Nile states, lack of basic infrastructure in large areas, and reliance by much of the population on subsistence agriculture ensure that much of the population will remain at or below the poverty line for years to come." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$86.67 billion (2012 est.); $90.66 billion (2011 est.); $92.4 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$59.94 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "-4.4% (2012 est.); -1.9% (2011 est.); 2.5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$2,600 (2012 est.); $2,800 (2011 est.); $2,300 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "24.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 28.6% of GDP (2011 est.); 26.7% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "65.1%", - "government_consumption": "10.9%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "27.2%", - "investment_in_inventories": "3.3%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "7%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-13.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "27.6%", - "industry": "22.1%", - "services": "50.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "cotton, groundnuts (peanuts), sorghum, millet, wheat, gum arabic, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca), mangoes, papaya, bananas, sweet potatoes, sesame; sheep and other livestock" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "oil, cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, armaments, automobile/light truck assembly" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-28.9% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "11.92 million (2007 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "80%", - "industry": "7%", - "services": "13% (1998 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "20% (2012 est.); 18.7% (2002 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "46.5% (2009 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.7%", - "highest_10%": "26.7% (2009 est.)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$3.934 billion", - "expenditures": "$7.627 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "6.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-6.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "106.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 96.2% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "31.9% (2012 est.); 18% (2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$5.853 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $9.272 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$12.83 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $15.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$8.591 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $14.63 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$3.575 billion (2012 est.); $208.1 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$4.59 billion (2012 est.); $9.694 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "gold; oil and petroleum products; cotton, sesame, livestock, groundnuts, gum arabic, sugar" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "UAE 63.2%, Saudi Arabia 9.2%, Ethiopia 5.3% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$6.217 billion (2012 est.); $8.205 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "foodstuffs, manufactured goods, refinery and transport equipment, medicines and chemicals, textiles, wheat" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Macau 18%, India 8.8%, Saudi Arabia 7.9%, Egypt 6.7%, UAE 5.2% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$297.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $295 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$39.63 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $38.63 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Sudanese pounds (SDG) per US dollar -; 4.09 (2012 est.); 2.68 (2011 est.); 2.31 (2010 est.); 2.3 (2009); 2.1 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "6.509 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "4.611 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "2.338 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "30.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "66.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "120,000 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "370,700 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "5 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "85,890 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "95,450 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "14,950 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "24,820 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "84.95 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "13.79 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "483,600 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "25.056 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "well-equipped system by regional standards and being upgraded; cellular communications started in 1996 and have expanded substantially with wide coverage of most major cities", - "domestic": "consists of microwave radio relay, cable, fiber optic, radiotelephone communications, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations", - "international": "country code - 249; linked to the EASSy and FLAG fiber-optic submarine cable systems; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Arabsat (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "the Sudanese Government directly controls TV and radio, requiring that both media reflect government policies; TV has a permanent military censor; a private radio station is in operation (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".sd" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "99 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "4.2 million (2008)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "74 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "16", - "over_3_047_m": "2", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "10", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2", - "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "58", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "17", - "914_to_1_523_m": "28", - "under_914_m": "12 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "6 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 156 km; oil 4,070 km; refined products 1,613 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "5,978 km", - "narrow_gauge": "4,578 km 1.067-m gauge; 1,400 km 0.600-m gauge for cotton plantations (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "11,900 km", - "paved": "4,320 km", - "unpaved": "7,580 km (2000)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "4,068 km (1,723 km open year round on White and Blue Nile rivers) (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "2", - "by_type": "cargo 2 (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Port Sudan" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF): Land Forces, Navy (includes Marines), Sudanese Air Force (Sikakh al-Jawwiya as-Sudaniya), Popular Defense Forces (2011)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-33 years of age for male and female compulsory or voluntary military service; 1-2 year service obligation; a requirement that completion of national service was mandatory before entering public or private sector employment has been cancelled (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "10,433,973", - "females_age_16_49": "10,411,443 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "6,475,530", - "females_age_16_49": "6,840,885 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "532,030", - "female": "512,476 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "4.2% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "the effects of Sudan's almost constant ethnic and rebel militia fighting since the mid-20th century have penetrated all of the neighboring states; Chad wishes to be a helpful mediator in resolving the Darfur conflict, and in 2010 established a joint border monitoring force with Sudan, which has helped to reduce cross-border banditry and violence; as of 2006, Chad, Ethiopia, Kenya, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Uganda provided shelter for over a half million Sudanese refugees, which include 240,000 Darfur residents driven from their homes by Janjawid armed militia and Sudanese military forces; as of January 2011, Sudan, in turn, hosted about 138,700 Eritreans, 43,000 Chadians, and smaller numbers of Ethiopians; Sudan accuses Eritrea of supporting Sudanese rebel groups; efforts to demarcate the porous boundary with Ethiopia proceed slowly due to civil and ethnic fighting in eastern Sudan; Sudan claims but Egypt de facto administers security and economic development of Halaib region north of the 22nd parallel boundary; periodic violent skirmishes with Sudanese residents over water and grazing rights persist among related pastoral populations along the border with the Central African Republic; South Sudan-Sudan boundary represents 1 January 1956 alignment, final alignment pending negotiations and demarcation; final sovereignty status of Abyei Area pending negotiations between South Sudan and Sudan" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "112,283 (Eritrea); 32,220 (Chad) (2012)", - "idps": "more than 2.4 million (civil war 1983-2005; ongoing conflict in Darfur region; government and rebel fighting along South Sudan border) (2011)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Sudan is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children who are subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; Sudanese women and girls, particularly those from rural areas or who are internally displaced, are vulnerable to forced labor as domestic workers in homes throughout the country; some of these women and girls are subsequently sexually abused by male occupants of the household or forced to engage in commercial sex acts; Sudanese women and girls are subjected to domestic servitude in Middle Eastern countries and to forced sex trafficking in European countries; some Sudanese men who voluntarily migrate to the Middle East as low-skilled laborers face conditions indicative of forced labor; Sudanese children in Saudi Arabia are used in forced begging and street vending; Sudan is a transit and destination country for Ethiopian and Eritrean women subjected to domestic servitude in Sudan and Middle Eastern countries; Sudan is a destination for Ethiopian, Somali, and possibly Thai women subjected to forced prostitution; Sudanese children in Darfur are forcibly conscripted, at times through abduction, and used by armed groups and government security forces", - "tier_rating": "Tier 3 - Sudan does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; while the government has taken some initial steps to draft anti-trafficking legislation, prosecute suspected traffickers, demobilize and reintegrate child soldiers, and has convened its first workshop to discuss human trafficking, its efforts to combat human trafficking through law enforcement, protection, or prevention measures are undertaken in an ad hoc fashion, rather than as the result of strategic planning; the government has not employed a system for proactively identifying trafficking victims among vulnerable populations or a referral process for transferring victims to organizations providing care; its proxy militias reportedly unlawfully recruited and used child soldiers during the reporting period; the government has not taken action to conclude a proposed action plan with the UN to address the problem (2013)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/sl-sierra-leone.json b/africa/sl-sierra-leone.json deleted file mode 100644 index eb8cfe5e..00000000 --- a/africa/sl-sierra-leone.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,604 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Democracy is slowly being reestablished after the civil war from 1991 to 2002 that resulted in tens of thousands of deaths and the displacement of more than 2 million people (about a third of the population). The military, which took over full responsibility for security following the departure of UN peacekeepers at the end of 2005, is increasingly developing as a guarantor of the country's stability. The armed forces remained on the sideline during the 2007 and 2012 national elections but still look to the UN Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Sierra Leone (UNIPSIL) - a civilian UN mission - to support efforts to consolidate peace. The new government's priorities include furthering development, creating jobs, and stamping out endemic corruption." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Liberia" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "8 30 N, 11 30 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "71,740 sq km", - "land": "71,620 sq km", - "water": "120 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than South Carolina" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "958 km", - "border_countries": "Guinea 652 km, Liberia 306 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "402 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; hot, humid; summer rainy season (May to December); winter dry season (December to April)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "coastal belt of mangrove swamps, wooded hill country, upland plateau, mountains in east" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Loma Mansa (Bintimani) 1,948 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "diamonds, titanium ore, bauxite, iron ore, gold, chromite" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "15.33%", - "permanent_crops": "1.88%", - "other": "82.79% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "293.6 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "160 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.21 cu km/yr (52%/26%/22%)", - "per_capita": "38.74 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "dry, sand-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to February); sandstorms, dust storms" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "rapid population growth pressuring the environment; overharvesting of timber, expansion of cattle grazing, and slash-and-burn agriculture have resulted in deforestation and soil exhaustion; civil war depleted natural resources; overfishing" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Environmental Modification" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "rainfall along the coast can reach 495 cm (195 inches) a year, making it one of the wettest places along coastal, western Africa" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Sierra Leonean(s)", - "adjective": "Sierra Leonean" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Temne 35%, Mende 31%, Limba 8%, Kono 5%, Kriole 2% (descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area in the late-18th century; also known as Krio), Mandingo 2%, Loko 2%, other 15% (includes refugees from Liberia's recent civil war, and small numbers of Europeans, Lebanese, Pakistanis, and Indians) (2008 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "English (official, regular use limited to literate minority), Mende (principal vernacular in the south), Temne (principal vernacular in the north), Krio (English-based Creole, spoken by the descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area, a lingua franca and a first language for 10% of the population but understood by 95%)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim 60%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs 30%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "5,612,685 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "41.9% (male 1,169,343/female 1,181,669)", - "15_24_years": "19% (male 517,107/female 549,500)", - "25_54_years": "31.4% (male 847,115/female 914,650)", - "55_64_years": "4% (male 101,069/female 124,673)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.7% (male 89,643/female 117,916) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "79.3 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "74.5 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "4.8 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "20.9 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "19 years", - "male": "18.5 years", - "female": "19.6 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.3% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "37.77 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "11.26 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-3.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population", - "note": "refugees currently in surrounding countries are slowly returning (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "39.2% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "3.04% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "FREETOWN (capital) 875,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "0.94 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.93 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.8 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.78 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.94 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "19 (2008 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "890 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "74.95 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "83.59 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "66.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "56.98 years", - "male": "54.47 years", - "female": "59.56 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "4.87 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "11% (2010)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "13.1% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.02 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.4 beds/1,000 population (2006)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 87% of population; rural: 35% of population; total: 55% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 13% of population; rural: 65% of population; total: 45% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 23% of population; rural: 6% of population; total: 13% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 77% of population; rural: 94% of population; total: 87% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "1.6% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "49,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "2,800 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies", - "aerosolized_dust_or_soil_contact_disease": "Lassa fever (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "6.8% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "21.3% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "3.6% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write English, Mende, Temne, or Arabic", - "total_population": "43.3%", - "male": "54.7%", - "female": "32.6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "12 years", - "male": "13 years", - "female": "11 years (2007)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "573,287", - "percentage": "48 % (2005 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "5.2%", - "male": "7.3%", - "female": "3.5% (2004)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Sierra Leone", - "conventional_short_form": "Sierra Leone", - "local_long_form": "Republic of Sierra Leone", - "local_short_form": "Sierra Leone" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "constitutional democracy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Freetown", - "geographic_coordinates": "8 29 N, 13 14 W", - "time_difference": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "3 provinces and 1 area*; Eastern, Northern, Southern, Western*" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "27 April 1961 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 27 April (1961)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "1 October 1991; amended several times" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Ernest Bai KOROMA (since 17 September 2007); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Ernest Bai KOROMA (since 17 September 2007)", - "cabinet": "Ministers of State appointed by the president with the approval of the House of Representatives; the cabinet is responsible to the president", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 17 November 2012 (next to be held in 2017)", - "election_results": "Ernest Bai KOROMA elected to a second term; percent of vote - Ernest Bai KOROMA 58.7%, Julius Maada BIO 37.4%, other 3.9%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament (124 seats; 112 members elected by popular vote, 12 filled by paramount chiefs elected in separate elections; members to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 17 November 2012 (next to be held in 2017)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 69, SLPP 43" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Superior Court of Judicature (consists of the Supreme Court - at the apex - with the chief justice and 4 other judges, the Court of Appeal with the chief justice and 7 other judges, and the High Court of Justice with the chief justice and 9 other judges; note – the Judicature has jurisdiction in all civil, criminal, and constitutional matters", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court chief justice and other judges of the Judicature appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission (a 7-member independent body of judges, presidential appointees, and the Commission chairman) and subject to the approval of Parliament; all Judicature judges appointed until retirement at age 65", - "subordinate_courts": "magistrates' courts; District Appeals Court; local courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "All People's Congress or APC [Ernest Bai KOROMA]; Peace and Liberation Party or PLP [Darlington MORRISON]; People's Movement for Democratic Change or PMDC [Charles MARGAI]; Sierra Leone People's Party or SLPP [Julius Maada BIO]; numerous others" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "other": "student unions; trade unions" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIT, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Bockari Kortu STEVENS", - "chancery": "1701 19th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 939-9261 through 9263", - "fax": "[1] (202) 483-1793" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Michael S. OWEN", - "embassy": "Southridge-Hill Station, Freetown", - "mailing_address": "use embassy street address", - "telephone": "[232] (76) 515 000 or (76) 515 000", - "fax": "[232] (76) 515 355" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and blue; green symbolizes agriculture, mountains, and natural resources, white represents unity and justice, and blue the sea and the natural harbor in Freetown" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "lion" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"High We Exalt Thee, Realm of the Free\"", - "lyrics_music": "Clifford Nelson FYLE/John Joseph AKA", - "note": "adopted 1961" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Sierra Leone is an extremely poor nation with tremendous inequality in income distribution. While it possesses substantial mineral, agricultural, and fishery resources, its physical and social infrastructure has yet to recover from the civil war, and serious social disorders continue to hamper economic development. Nearly half of the working-age population engages in subsistence agriculture. Manufacturing consists mainly of the processing of raw materials and of light manufacturing for the domestic market. Alluvial diamond mining remains the major source of hard currency earnings, accounting for nearly half of Sierra Leone's exports. The fate of the economy depends upon the maintenance of domestic peace and the continued receipt of substantial aid from abroad, which is essential to offset the severe trade imbalance and supplement government revenues. The IMF completed a Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility program that helped stabilize economic growth and reduce inflation and in 2010 approved a new program worth $45 million over three years. Political stability has led to a revival of economic activity such as the rehabilitation of bauxite and rutile mining, which are set to benefit from planned tax incentives. A number of offshore oil discoveries were announced in 2009 and 2010. The development on these reserves, which could be significant, is still several years away, however, growth skyrocketed to more than 20% in 2012, as exploitation activities began." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$8.412 billion (2012 est.); $7.023 billion (2011 est.); $6.625 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$3.777 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "19.8% (2012 est.); 6% (2011 est.); 5.3% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$1,400 (2012 est.); $1,200 (2011 est.); $1,100 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "19.1% of GDP (2012 est.); -1% of GDP (2011 est.); -1.3% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "82.4%", - "government_consumption": "8.8%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "38.9%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "13.1%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-43.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "51.5%", - "industry": "14.9%", - "services": "33.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "rice, coffee, cocoa, palm kernels, palm oil, peanuts; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "diamond mining; small-scale manufacturing (beverages, textiles, cigarettes, footwear); petroleum refining, small commercial ship repair" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "2.207 million (2007 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "NA%", - "industry": "NA%", - "services": "NA%" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "70.2% (2004)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.6%", - "highest_10%": "33.6% (2003)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "62.9 (1989)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$510.2 million", - "expenditures": "$728.5 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "13.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-5.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "34.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 41.1% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "12.9% (2012 est.); 16.2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "21% (31 December 2012 est.); 21% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$324.7 million (31 December 2012 est.); $276.2 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$1.152 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $621.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$429.1 million (31 December 2012 est.); $369.9 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$969.9 million (2012 est.); -$1.153 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$1.104 billion (2012 est.); $381.5 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "diamonds, rutile, cocoa, coffee, fish" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "China 50.5%, Belgium 18%, Japan 7.6%, Turkey 4.8% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$1.509 billion (2012 est.); $1.631 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fuels and lubricants, chemicals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 16.3%, India 10.1%, South Africa 7.1%, US 6.6%, UK 6.6%, Cote dIvoire 4.6%, Belgium 4.5% (2012)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$1.125 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.049 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$1.644 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $979.1 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "leones (SLL) per US dollar -; 4,344 (2012 est.); 4,349.2 (2011 est.); 3,978.1 (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "120 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "111.6 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "52,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "92.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "7.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "4,381 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "8,768 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "522.9 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "6,117 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "1.335 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "14,000 (2010)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "2.137 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "marginal telephone service with poor infrastructure", - "domestic": "the national microwave radio relay trunk system connects Freetown to Bo and Kenema; while mobile-cellular service is growing rapidly from a small base, service area coverage remains limited", - "international": "country code - 232; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2009)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "1 government-owned TV station; 1 private TV station began operating in 2005; a pay-TV service began operations in late 2007; 1 government-owned national radio station; about two dozen private radio stations primarily clustered in major cities; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".sl" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "282 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "14,900 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "8 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "1", - "over_3_047_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "7", - "914_to_1_523_m": "7 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "2 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "11,300 km", - "paved": "904 km", - "unpaved": "10,396 km (2002)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "800 km (600 km navigable year round) (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "215", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 22, cargo 120, carrier 2, chemical tanker 19, container 6, liquefied gas 3, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 28, refrigerated cargo 7, roll on/roll off 4, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 1", - "foreign_owned": "98 (Bangladesh 1, China 19, Cyprus 2, Egypt 3, Estonia 2, Hong Kong 7, Japan 4, Lebanon 2, North Korea 2, Romania 2, Russia 7, Singapore 9, Syria 13, Taiwan 7, Turkey 9, UAE 1, UK 1, Ukraine 5, Yemen 2) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Freetown, Pepel, Sherbro Islands" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces (RSLAF): Army (includes Maritime Wing and Air Wing) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service (younger with parental consent); women are eligible to serve; no conscription; candidates must be HIV negative (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,183,093 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "731,898", - "females_age_16_49": "838,032 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "54,212", - "female": "57,154 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.6% of GDP (2011)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "as domestic fighting among disparate ethnic groups, rebel groups, warlords, and youth gangs in Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone gradually abates, the number of refugees in border areas has begun to slowly dwindle; Sierra Leone considers excessive Guinea's definition of the flood plain limits to define the left bank boundary of the Makona and Moa rivers and protests Guinea's continued occupation of these lands including the hamlet of Yenga occupied since 1998" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/sn-senegal.json b/africa/sn-senegal.json deleted file mode 100644 index 09c860f7..00000000 --- a/africa/sn-senegal.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,621 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The French colonies of Senegal and the French Sudan were merged in 1959 and granted their independence as the Mali Federation in 1960. The union broke up after only a few months. Senegal joined with The Gambia to form the nominal confederation of Senegambia in 1982. The envisaged integration of the two countries was never carried out, and the union was dissolved in 1989. The Movement of Democratic Forces in the Casamance (MFDC) has led a low-level separatist insurgency in southern Senegal since the 1980s, and several peace deals have failed to resolve the conflict. Nevertheless, Senegal remains one of the most stable democracies in Africa and has a long history of participating in international peacekeeping and regional mediation. Senegal was ruled by a Socialist Party for 40 years until Abdoulaye WADE was elected president in 2000. He was reelected in 2007 and during his two terms amended Senegal's constitution over a dozen times to increase executive power and to weaken the opposition. His decision to run for a third presidential term sparked a large public backlash that led to his defeat in a March 2012 runoff election with Macky SALL." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "14 00 N, 14 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "196,722 sq km", - "land": "192,530 sq km", - "water": "4,192 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than South Dakota" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "2,640 km", - "border_countries": "The Gambia 740 km, Guinea 330 km, Guinea-Bissau 338 km, Mali 419 km, Mauritania 813 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "531 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "unnamed elevation southwest of Kedougou 581 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "fish, phosphates, iron ore" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "19.57%", - "permanent_crops": "0.28%", - "other": "80.15% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "1,197 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "38.8 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "2.22 cu km/yr (4%/3%/93%)", - "per_capita": "221.6 cu m/yr (2002)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "wildlife populations threatened by poaching; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; overfishing" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "westernmost country on the African continent; The Gambia is almost an enclave within Senegal" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Senegalese (singular and plural)", - "adjective": "Senegalese" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Wolof 43.3%, Pular 23.8%, Serer 14.7%, Jola 3.7%, Mandinka 3%, Soninke 1.1%, European and Lebanese 1%, other 9.4%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim 94%, Christian 5% (mostly Roman Catholic), indigenous beliefs 1%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "13,300,410 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "42.7% (male 2,855,431/female 2,828,107)", - "15_24_years": "20.5% (male 1,357,979/female 1,372,107)", - "25_54_years": "30.1% (male 1,825,507/female 2,182,110)", - "55_64_years": "3.7% (male 218,512/female 277,047)", - "65_years_and_over": "2.9% (male 174,946/female 208,664) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "86.9 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "81.3 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.6 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "17.9 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "18.2 years", - "male": "17.4 years", - "female": "19.1 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.51% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "35.64 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "8.85 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-1.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "42.5% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "3.32% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "DAKAR (capital) 2.777 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.83 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.8 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.85 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.94 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "21.4", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2011 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "370 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "53.93 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "60.22 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "47.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "60.57 years", - "male": "58.58 years", - "female": "62.61 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "4.61 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "13.1% (2010/11)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "5.7% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.06 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.34 beds/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 93% of population; rural: 56% of population; total: 72% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 7% of population; rural: 44% of population; total: 28% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 70% of population; rural: 39% of population; total: 52% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 30% of population; rural: 61% of population; total: 48% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.9% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "59,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "2,600 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever, malaria, and yellow fever", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", - "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "6.8% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "19.2% (2011)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.6% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "49.7%", - "male": "61.8%", - "female": "38.7% (2009 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "8 years", - "male": "8 years", - "female": "8 years (2010)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "657,216", - "percentage": "22 % (2005 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "14.8%", - "male": "11.9%", - "female": "20.1% (2006)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Senegal", - "conventional_short_form": "Senegal", - "local_long_form": "Republique du Senegal", - "local_short_form": "Senegal", - "former": "Senegambia (along with The Gambia), Mali Federation" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Dakar", - "geographic_coordinates": "14 44 N, 17 38 W", - "time_difference": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "14 regions (regions, singular - region); Dakar, Diourbel, Fatick, Kaffrine, Kaolack, Kedougou, Kolda, Louga, Matam, Saint-Louis, Sedhiou, Tambacounda, Thies, Ziguinchor" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "4 April 1960 (from France); note - complete independence achieved upon dissolution of federation with Mali on 20 August 1960" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 4 April (1960)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "adopted 7 January 2001; amended many times" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system based on French law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Macky SALL (since 2 April 2012)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Aminata TOURE (since 3 September 2013)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the president", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 26 February 2012 with a second round runoff on 25 March 2012 (next to be held 2019); prime minister appointed by the president", - "election_results": "Macky SALL elected president; percent of votes in a runoff - Macky SALL 65.8%, Abdoulaye WADE 34.2%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (150 seats; 90 members elected by direct popular vote and 60 elected by proportional representation from party lists to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "National Assembly - last held on 1 July 2012 (next to be held in 2017)", - "election_results": "National Assembly results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Benno Bokk Yakaar coalition 119, PDS 12, Bokk Giss Giss coalition 4, MCRN-Bes Du Nakk 4, PVD 2, MRDS 2, URD 1, AJ/PADS 1, other 5" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Highest Appeals Court or Cour de Cassation (consists of 13 judges including the court president); Constitutional Council (consists of 5 members including the court president, vice-president, and 3 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Highest Appeals Court judges' tenure NA; Constitutional Council members appointed by the president of the republic to serve 6-year terms with renewal of 3 members every two years", - "subordinate_courts": "Court of Appeals; regional and first instance courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "African Party of Independence [Majhemout DIOP]; Alliance for the Republic-Yakaar [Macky SALL]; Alliance of Forces of Progress or AFP [Moustapha NIASSE]; And-Jef/African Party for Democracy and Socialism or AJ/PADS [Landing SAVANE]; Benno Bokk Yakaar coaltion [Macky SALL]; Benno Siggil Senegal (a coalition of opposition parties); Bokk Giss Giss coalition [Pape DIOP]; Citizen Movement for National Reform or MCRN-Bes Du Nakk; Democratic League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT [Dr. Abdoulaye BATHILY]; Front for Socialism and Democracy/Benno Jubel or FSD/BJ [Cheikh Abdoulaye Bamba DIEYE]; Gainde Centrist Bloc or BGC [Jean-Paul DIAS]; Independence and Labor Party or PIT [Amath DANSOKHO]; Jef-Jel [Talla SYLLA]; National Democratic Rally or RND [Madior DIOUF]; Party for Truth and Development or PVD [Ahmadou Kara MBACKE]; People's Labor Party or PTP [El Hadji DIOUF]; Reform Party or PR [Abdourahim AGNE]; Republican Movement for Socialism and Democracy or MRDS; Rewmi Party [Idrissa SECK]; Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS [Abdoulaye WADE]; Socialist Party or PS [Ousmane Tanor DIENG]; SOPI Coalition [Abdoulaye WADE] (a coalition led by the PDS); Synergy for Ethics and Transparency [Aminata TALL]; Union for Democratic Renewal or URD [Djibo Leyti KA]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "other": "labor; students; Sufi brotherhoods, including the Mourides and Tidjanes; teachers" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, CPLP (associate), ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Cheikh NIANG", - "chancery": "2031 Florida Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 234-0540", - "fax": "[1] (202) 332-6315", - "consulates_general": "Houston, New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Lewis LUKENS", - "embassy": "Route des Almadies, Dakar", - "mailing_address": "B. P. 49, Dakar", - "telephone": "[221] 33-879-4000", - "fax": "[221] 33-822-2991" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red with a small green five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; green represents Islam, progress, and hope; yellow signifies natural wealth and progress; red symbolizes sacrifice and determination; the star denotes unity and hope", - "note": "uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia; the colors from left to right are the same as those of neighboring Mali and the reverse of those on the flag of neighboring Guinea" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "lion" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Pincez Tous vos Koras, Frappez les Balafons\" (Pluck Your Koras, Strike the Balafons)", - "lyrics_music": "Leopold Sedar SENGHOR/Herbert PEPPER", - "note": "adopted 1960; the lyrics were written by Leopold Sedar SENGHOR, Senegal's first president; the anthem is sometimes played incorporating the Koras (harp-like stringed instruments) and Balafons (types of xylophones) mentioned in the title" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Senegal relies heavily on donor assistance and foreign direct investment. The country's key export industries are phosphate mining, fertilizer production, and commercial fishing. The country is also working on iron ore and oil exploration projects. After seeing its economy contract by 2.1% in 1993, Senegal made an important turnaround, thanks to an economic reform program backed by the donor community, which led to real growth in GDP averaging over 5% annually during 1995-2007. Annual inflation was pushed down to the single digits. The global economic downturn reduced growth to 2.2% in 2009. The IMF completed a non-dispersing, Policy Support Initiative program in 2010 and approved a new three-year policy support instrument in December 2010 to assist with economic reforms. Senegal also receives disbursements from a $540 million Millennium Challenge Account for infrastructure and agriculture development. In 2012, the economy began to rebound after a weak 2011. The economy continues to suffer from unreliable power supply, which has led to public protests and high unemployment and has prompted migrants to flee Senegal in search of better job opportunities in Europe." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$27.01 billion (2012 est.); $26.09 billion (2011 est.); $25.42 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$13.86 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.5% (2012 est.); 2.6% (2011 est.); 4.3% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$2,100 (2012 est.); $2,000 (2011 est.); $2,000 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "16.7% of GDP (2012 est.); 17.5% of GDP (2011 est.); 21.4% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "80.2%", - "government_consumption": "6.9%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "25.5%", - "investment_in_inventories": "4.2%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "28.4%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-45.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "15.2%", - "industry": "22.6%", - "services": "62.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "peanuts, millet, corn, sorghum, rice, cotton, tomatoes, green vegetables; cattle, poultry, pigs; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining, fertilizer production, petroleum refining; iron ore, zircon, and gold mining, construction materials, ship construction and repair" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "5.906 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "77.5%", - "industry_and_services": "22.5% (2007 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "48% (2007 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "54% (2001 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.5%", - "highest_10%": "30.1% (2005)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "41.3 (2001); 41.3 (1995)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$3.359 billion", - "expenditures": "$4.213 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "24.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-6.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "36.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 35.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "1.4% (2012 est.); 3.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "0.25% (31 December 2010 est.); 4.25% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "14.3% (31 December 2012 est.); 14.5% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$3.577 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.254 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$5.818 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.35 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$4.509 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.186 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$1.298 billion (2012 est.); -$1.685 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$2.382 billion (2012 est.); $2.413 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "fish, groundnuts (peanuts), petroleum products, phosphates, cotton" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Mali 14.4%, Switzerland 14.1%, India 11.9%, France 4.7%, Guinea 4.2% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$5.733 billion (2012 est.); $5.392 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "food and beverages, capital goods, fuels" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "France 16.2%, Nigeria 12.9%, India 6.3%, China 6.3%, UK 4.6% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$2.082 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.946 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$4.222 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.32 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -; 510.53 (2012 est.); 471.87 (2011 est.); 495.28 (2010); 472.19 (2009); 447.81 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "2.608 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "2.123 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "638,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "99.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "13,040 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "16,850 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "40,600 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "7,046 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "16,700 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "50 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "50 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "NA cu m" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "6.679 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "346,400 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "9.353 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "good system with microwave radio relay, coaxial cable and fiber-optic cable in trunk system", - "domestic": "above-average urban system with a fiber-optic network; nearly two-thirds of all fixed-line connections are in Dakar where a call-center industry is emerging; expansion of fixed-line services in rural areas needed; mobile-cellular service is expanding rapidly", - "international": "country code - 221; the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic cable provides connectivity to Europe and Asia while Atlantis-2 provides connectivity to South America; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-run Radiodiffusion Television Senegalaise (RTS) operates 2 TV stations; a few private TV subscription channels rebroadcast foreign channels without providing any local news or programs; RTS operates a national radio network and a number of regional FM stations; many community and private-broadcast radio stations are available; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are accessible on FM in Dakar (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".sn" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "237 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "1.818 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "20 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "9", - "over_3_047_m": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "6", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "11", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "7", - "914_to_1_523_m": "3", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 43 km; refined products 8 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "906 km", - "narrow_gauge": "906 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "14,008 km", - "paved": "4,099 km (includes 7 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "9,909 km (2003)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "1,000 km (primarily on the Senegal, Saloum, and Casamance rivers) (2012)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "1", - "by_type": "passenger/cargo 1 (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Dakar" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Senegalese Armed Forces: Army, Senegalese National Navy (Marine Senegalaise, MNS), Senegalese Air Force (Armee de l'Air du Senegal) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; 20 years of age for selective conscript service; service obligation is 2 years; women have been accepted into military service since 2008 (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,699,196", - "females_age_16_49": "3,018,565 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,788,493", - "females_age_16_49": "2,133,370 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "145,509", - "female": "145,064 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.6% of GDP (2011)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "The Gambia and Guinea-Bissau attempt to stem separatist violence, cross border raids, and arms smuggling into their countries from Senegal's Casamance region, and in 2006, respectively accepted 6,000 and 10,000 Casamance residents fleeing the conflict; 2,500 Guinea-Bissau residents fled into Senegal in 2006 to escape armed confrontations along the border" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "13,702 (Mauritania) (2012)", - "idps": "10,000-40,000 (clashes between government troops and separatists in Casamance region) (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and South American cocaine moving to Europe and North America; illicit cultivator of cannabis" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/so-somalia.json b/africa/so-somalia.json deleted file mode 100644 index 74b6604b..00000000 --- a/africa/so-somalia.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,548 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Britain withdrew from British Somaliland in 1960 to allow its protectorate to join with Italian Somaliland and form the new nation of Somalia. In 1969, a coup headed by Mohamed SIAD Barre ushered in an authoritarian socialist rule characterized by the persecution, jailing, and torture of political opponents and dissidents. After the regime's collapse early in 1991, Somalia descended into turmoil, factional fighting, and anarchy. In May 1991, northern clans declared an independent Republic of Somaliland that now includes the administrative regions of Awdal, Woqooyi Galbeed, Togdheer, Sanaag, and Sool. Although not recognized by any government, this entity has maintained a stable existence and continues efforts to establish a constitutional democracy, including holding municipal, parliamentary, and presidential elections. The regions of Bari, Nugaal, and northern Mudug comprise a neighboring semi-autonomous state of Puntland, which has been self-governing since 1998 but does not aim at independence; it has also made strides toward reconstructing a legitimate, representative government but has suffered some civil strife. Puntland disputes its border with Somaliland as it also claims portions of eastern Sool and Sanaag. Beginning in 1993, a two-year UN humanitarian effort (primarily in the south) was able to alleviate famine conditions, but when the UN withdrew in 1995, having suffered significant casualties, order still had not been restored. In 2000, the Somalia National Peace Conference (SNPC) held in Djibouti resulted in the formation of an interim government, known as the Transitional National Government (TNG). When the TNG failed to establish adequate security or governing institutions, the Government of Kenya, under the auspices of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), led a subsequent peace process that concluded in October 2004 with the election of Abdullahi YUSUF Ahmed as President of a second interim government, known as the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of the Somali Republic. The TFG included a 275-member parliamentary body, known as the Transitional Federal Parliament (TFP). President YUSUF resigned late in 2008 while United Nations-sponsored talks between the TFG and the opposition Alliance for the Re-Liberation of Somalia (ARS) were underway in Djibouti. In January 2009, following the creation of a TFG-ARS unity government, Ethiopian military forces, which had entered Somalia in December 2006 to support the TFG in the face of advances by the opposition Islamic Courts Union (ICU), withdrew from the country. The TFP was doubled in size to 550 seats with the addition of 200 ARS and 75 civil society members of parliament. The expanded parliament elected Sheikh SHARIF Sheikh Ahmed, the former ICU and ARS chairman as president in January 2009. The creation of the TFG was based on the Transitional Federal Charter (TFC), which outlined a five-year mandate leading to the establishment of a new Somali constitution and a transition to a representative government following national elections. In 2009, the TFP amended the TFC to extend TFG's mandate until 2011 and in 2011 Somali principals agreed to institute political transition by August 2012. The transition process ended in September 2012 when clan elders appointed 275 members to a new parliament replacing the TFP and the subsequent election, by parliament, of a new president." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, east of Ethiopia" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "10 00 N, 49 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "637,657 sq km", - "land": "627,337 sq km", - "water": "10,320 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Texas" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "2,340 km", - "border_countries": "Djibouti 58 km, Ethiopia 1,600 km, Kenya 682 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "3,025 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "principally desert; northeast monsoon (December to February), moderate temperatures in north and hot in south; southwest monsoon (May to October), torrid in the north and hot in the south, irregular rainfall, hot and humid periods (tangambili) between monsoons" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly flat to undulating plateau rising to hills in north" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Indian Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Shimbiris 2,416 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "uranium and largely unexploited reserves of iron ore, tin, gypsum, bauxite, copper, salt, natural gas, likely oil reserves" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "1.73%", - "permanent_crops": "0.05%", - "other": "98.23% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "2,000 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "14.7 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "3.3 cu km/yr (0%/0%/99%)", - "per_capita": "377.6 cu m/yr (2003)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "recurring droughts; frequent dust storms over eastern plains in summer; floods during rainy season" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "famine; use of contaminated water contributes to human health problems; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location on Horn of Africa along southern approaches to Bab el Mandeb and route through Red Sea and Suez Canal" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Somali(s)", - "adjective": "Somali" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Somali 85%, Bantu and other non-Somali 15% (including 30,000 Arabs)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Somali (official), Arabic (official, according to the Transitional Federal Charter), Italian, English" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Sunni Muslim (Islam) (official, according to the Transitional Federal Charter)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "10,251,568 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "this estimate was derived from an official census taken in 1975 by the Somali Government; population counting in Somalia is complicated by the large number of nomads and by refugee movements in response to famine and clan warfare" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "44.3% (male 2,270,282/female 2,273,506)", - "15_24_years": "18.9% (male 978,197/female 955,253)", - "25_54_years": "31% (male 1,643,803/female 1,538,723)", - "55_64_years": "3.5% (male 165,408/female 188,992)", - "65_years_and_over": "2.3% (male 93,434/female 143,970) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "100.1 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "94.4 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.7 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "17.7 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "17.7 years", - "male": "17.8 years", - "female": "17.6 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.67% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "41.45 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "14.22 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-10.55 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "37.7% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "3.79% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "MOGADISHU (capital) 1.353 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.84 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.66 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.01 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "1,000 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "101.91 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "110.74 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "92.82 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "51.19 years", - "male": "49.22 years", - "female": "53.23 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "6.17 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "14.6% (2006)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.04 physicians/1,000 population (2006)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 66% of population; rural: 7% of population; total: 29% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 34% of population; rural: 93% of population; total: 71% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 52% of population; rural: 6% of population; total: 23% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 48% of population; rural: 94% of population; total: 77% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.7% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "34,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "1,600 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever, malaria, and Rift Valley fever", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "4.8% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "32.8% (2006)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "37.8%", - "male": "49.7%", - "female": "25.8% (2001 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "3 years", - "male": "3 years", - "female": "2 years (2007)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "1,148,265", - "percentage": "49 % (2006 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Federal Republic of Somalia", - "conventional_short_form": "Somalia", - "local_long_form": "Jamhuuriyadda Federaalkaa Soomaaliya", - "local_short_form": "Soomaaliya", - "former": "Somali Republic, Somali Democratic Republic" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "in the process of building a federated parliamentary republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Mogadishu", - "geographic_coordinates": "2 04 N, 45 20 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "18 regions (plural - NA, singular - gobolka); Awdal, Bakool, Banaadir, Bari, Bay, Galguduud, Gedo, Hiiraan, Jubbada Dhexe (Middle Jubba), Jubbada Hoose (Lower Jubba), Mudug, Nugaal, Sanaag, Shabeellaha Dhexe (Middle Shabeelle), Shabeellaha Hoose (Lower Shabeelle), Sool, Togdheer, Woqooyi Galbeed" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "1 July 1960 (from a merger of British Somaliland that became independent from the UK on 26 June 1960 and Italian Somaliland that became independent from the Italian-administered UN trusteeship on 1 July 1960 to form the Somali Republic)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Foundation of the Somali Republic, 1 July (1960); note - 26 June (1960) in Somaliland" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "Provisional Constitution for the Federal Republic of Somalia, approved by a constitutional assembly 1 August 2012", - "note": "the Constitution will become permanent after a referendum before the end of Parliament's first term (date to be determined)" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil law, Islamic law, and customary law (referred to as Xeer)" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President HASSAN SHEIKH Mahamud (since 10 September 2012)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Abdi Farrah SHIRDON Said (since 6 October 2012)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president approved by the National Parliament", - "elections": "president elected by the National Parliament; election last held 10 September 2012", - "election_results": "HASSAN SHEIKH Mahamud elected president; National Parliament vote - HASSAN SHEIKH Mahamud 190, Sheikh SHARIF Sheikh Ahmed 79; president chooses the prime minister, who is then elected by National Parliament" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral National Parliament consisting of the House of the People of the Federal Parliament (275 seats, elected by Somali citizens) and the Upper House of the Federal Parliament (54 seats, elected by people of the federal member states)", - "note": "the inaugural House of the People in September 2012 was appointed by clan elders; as of January 2013, the Upper House has not been formed" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Transitional Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 3 judges) note - under the terms of the 2004 Transitional National Charter (TNC), a Supreme Court based in Mogadishu and an Appeal Court were established; yet most regions have reverted to local forms of conflict resolution, either secular, traditional Somali customary law, or sharia Islamic law", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges appointed by the president upon proposal of the Judicial Service Council, a 9-member judicial and administrative body; judge tenure NA", - "subordinate_courts": "Transitional Appeal Court; regional and district courts; sharia (Islamic courts)" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "none" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "other": "numerous clan and sub-clan factions exist both in support and in opposition to the transitional government" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, CAEU (candidate), FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITSO, ITU, LAS, NAM, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "text": "Somalia does not have an embassy in the US (ceased operations on 8 May 1991); note - the Transitional Federal Government is represented in the US through its Permanent Mission to the UN" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Somalia; US interests are represented by the US Special Representative for Somalia, James C. Swan operating out of the US Embassy in Nairobi, Kenya at United Nations Avenue, Nairobi; mailing address: Unit 64100, Nairobi; APO AE 09831; telephone: [254] (20) 363-6000; FAX [254] (20) 363-6157" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "light blue with a large white five-pointed star in the center; the blue field was originally influenced by the flag of the UN, but today is said to denote the sky and the neighboring Indian Ocean; the five points of the star represent the five regions in the horn of Africa that are inhabited by Somali people: the former British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland (which together make up Somalia), Djibouti, Ogaden (Ethiopia), and the North East Province (Kenya)" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "leopard" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Soomaaliyeey toosoo\" (Somalia Wake Up)", - "lyrics_music": "Ali Mire AWALE and Yuusuf Xaaji Aadan Cilmi QABILLE", - "note": "adopted 2000; written in 1947, the lyrics speak of creating unity and an end to fighting" - }, - "government_note": { - "text": "regional and local governing bodies continue to exist and control various areas of the country, including the self-declared Republic of Somaliland in northwestern Somalia and the semi-autonomous State of Puntland in northeastern Somalia" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Despite the lack of effective national governance, Somalia has maintained a healthy informal economy, largely based on livestock, remittance/money transfer companies, and telecommunications. Agriculture is the most important sector with livestock normally accounting for about 40% of GDP and more than 50% of export earnings. Nomads and semi-pastoralists, who are dependent upon livestock for their livelihood, make up a large portion of the population. Livestock, hides, fish, charcoal, and bananas are Somalia's principal exports, while sugar, sorghum, corn, qat, and machined goods are the principal imports. Somalia's small industrial sector, based on the processing of agricultural products, has largely been looted and the machinery sold as scrap metal. Somalia''s service sector has grown. Telecommunication firms provide wireless services in most major cities and offer the lowest international call rates on the continent. In the absence of a formal banking sector, money transfer/remittance services have sprouted throughout the country, handling up to $1.6 billion in remittances annually. Mogadishu''s main market offers a variety of goods from food to the newest electronic gadgets. Hotels continue to operate and are supported with private-security militias. Somalia''s arrears to the IMF have continued to grow. Somalia''s capital city - Mogadishu - has enjoyed a rebirth following the departure of al-Shabaab in August 2011. Mogadishu has witnessed the development of the city''s first gas stations, supermarkets, and flights between Europe (Istanbul-Mogadishu) since the collapse of central authority in 1991. This economic growth has yet to expand outside of Mogadishu." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$5.896 billion (2010 est.); $5.75 billion (2009 est.); $5.607 billion (2008 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2010 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$2.372 billion (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.6% (2010 est.); 2.6% (2009 est.); 2.6% (2008 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$600 (2010 est.); $600 (2009 est.); $600 (2008 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "59.3%", - "industry": "7.2%", - "services": "33.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "bananas, sorghum, corn, coconuts, rice, sugarcane, mangoes, sesame seeds, beans; cattle, sheep, goats; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "a few light industries, including sugar refining, textiles, wireless communication" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "3.447 million (2007)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "71%", - "industry_and_services": "29% (1975)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$NA", - "expenditures": "$NA" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "NA%", - "note": "businesses print their own money, so inflation rates cannot be easily determined" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$515.8 million (2012 est.); $594.3 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "livestock, bananas, hides, fish, charcoal, scrap metal" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "UAE 50.8%, Yemen 19%, Oman 12.8% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$1.263 billion (2010 est.); $798 million (2006 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "manufactures, petroleum products, foodstuffs, construction materials, qat" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Djibouti 27.4%, India 12%, Kenya 7.2%, Pakistan 6.5%, China 6.1%, Egypt 5%, Oman 4.6%, UAE 4.5%, Yemen 4.4% (2012)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$3.05 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $2.942 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Somali shillings (SOS) per US dollar -; 1,600 (2012 est.)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "315 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "293 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "80,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "93.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "6.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "1,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "3,666 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "5,659 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "1,109 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "2,905 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "5.663 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "897,500 Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "100,000 (2010)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "655,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "the public telecommunications system was almost completely destroyed or dismantled during the civil war; private companies offer limited local fixed-line service and private wireless companies offer service in most major cities while charging the lowest international rates on the continent", - "domestic": "local cellular telephone systems have been established in Mogadishu and in several other population centers with one company beginning to provide 3G services in late 2012", - "international": "country code - 252; Mogadishu is a landing point for the EASSy fiber-optic submarine cable system linking East Africa with Europe and North America (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "2 private TV stations rebroadcast Al-Jazeera and CNN; Somaliland has 1 government-operated TV station and Puntland has 1 private TV station; the transitional government operates Radio Mogadishu; 1 SW and roughly 10 private FM radio stations broadcast in Mogadishu; several radio stations operate in central and southern regions; Somaliland has 1 government-operated radio station; Puntland has roughly a half dozen private radio stations; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are available (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".so" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "186 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "106,000 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "61 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "6", - "over_3_047_m": "4", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "55", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "5", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "20", - "914_to_1_523_m": "23", - "under_914_m": "6 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "22,100 km", - "paved": "2,608 km", - "unpaved": "19,492 km (2000)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "1", - "by_type": "cargo 1 (2008)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Berbera, Kismaayo" - }, - "transportation_note": { - "text": "despite a dramatic drop in the number of attacks in 2012, the International Maritime Bureau continues to report the territorial and offshore waters in the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean as a region of significant risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships accounting for 25% of all attacks in 2012; 75 vessels, including commercial shipping and pleasure craft, were attacked or hijacked both at anchor and while underway compared with 237 in 2011; the number of hijackings off the coast of Somalia was reduced to 14 in 2012, down from 28 in 2011; as of April 2013, 77 vessels and 7 hostages were being held for ransom by Somali pirates; the presence of several naval task forces in the Gulf of Aden and additional anti-piracy measures on the part of ship operators, including the use of on-board armed security teams, have reduced piracy incidents in that body of water; in response Somali-based pirates, using hijacked fishing trawlers as \"mother ships\" to extend their range, shifted operations as far south as the Mozambique Channel, eastward to the vicinity of the Maldives, and northeastward to the Strait of Hormuz" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "National Security Force (NSF): Somali Army (2011)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory and voluntary military service (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,260,175", - "females_age_16_49": "2,159,293 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,331,894", - "females_age_16_49": "1,357,051 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "101,634", - "female": "101,072 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.9% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Ethiopian forces invaded southern Somalia and routed Islamist Courts from Mogadishu in January 2007; \"Somaliland\" secessionists provide port facilities in Berbera to landlocked Ethiopia and have established commercial ties with other regional states; \"Puntland\" and \"Somaliland\" \"governments\" seek international support in their secessionist aspirations and overlapping border claims; the undemarcated former British administrative line has little meaning as a political separation to rival clans within Ethiopia's Ogaden and southern Somalia's Oromo region; Kenya works hard to prevent the clan and militia fighting in Somalia from spreading south across the border, which has long been open to nomadic pastoralists" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "idps": "1.1 million (civil war since 1988, clan-based competition for resources; 2011 famine; insecurity because of fighting between al-Shabaab and TFG allied forces) (2012)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/ss-south-sudan.json b/africa/ss-south-sudan.json deleted file mode 100644 index 55fe522d..00000000 --- a/africa/ss-south-sudan.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,309 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Egypt attempted to colonize the region of southern Sudan by establishing the province of Equatoria in the 1870s. Islamic Mahdist revolutionaries overran the region in 1885, but in 1898 a British force was able to overthrow the Mahdist regime. An Anglo-Egyptian Sudan was established the following year with Equatoria being the southernmost of its eight provinces. The isolated region was largely left to itself over the following decades, but Christian missionaries converted much of the population and facilitated the spread of English. When Sudan gained its independence in 1956, it was with the understanding that the southerners would be able to participate fully in the political system. When the Arab Khartoum government reneged on its promises, a mutiny began that led to two prolonged periods of conflict (1955-1972 and 1983-2005) in which perhaps 2.5 million people died - mostly civilians - due to starvation and drought. Ongoing peace talks finally resulted in a Comprehensive Peace Agreement, signed in January 2005. As part of this agreement the south was granted a six-year period of autonomy to be followed by a referendum on final status. The result of this referendum, held in January 2011, was a vote of 98% in favor of secession. Independence was attained on 9 July 2011. Since independence South Sudan has struggled with good governance and nation building and has attempted to control rebel militia groups operating in its territory. Economic conditions have deteriorated since January 2012 when the government decided to shut down oil production following bilateral disagreements with Sudan." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "East-Central Africa; south of Sudan, north of Uganda and Kenya, west of Ethiopia" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "8 00 N, 30 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "644,329 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Texas" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "5,413 km", - "border_countries": "Central African Republic 989 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 639 km, Ethiopia 934 km, Kenya 232 km, Sudan 2,184 km, Uganda 435 km", - "note": "South Sudan-Sudan boundary represents 1 January 1956 alignment; final alignment pending negotiations and demarcation; final sovereignty status of Abyei Area pending negotiations between South Sudan and Sudan" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "hot with seasonal rainfall influenced by the annual shift of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone; rainfall is heaviest in the upland areas of the south and diminishes to the north" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "the terrain gradually rises from plains in the north and center to southern highlands along the border with Uganda and Kenya; the White Nile, flowing north out of the uplands of Central Africa, is the major geographic feature of the country supporting agriculture and extensive wild animal populations; The Sudd (a name derived from floating vegetation that hinders navigation) is a large swampy area of more than 100,000 sq km fed by the waters of the White Nile that dominates the center of the country" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "NA", - "highest_point": "Kinyeti 3,187 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "hydropower, fertile agricultural land, gold, diamonds, petroleum, hardwoods, limestone, iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "The Sudd is a vast swamp in South Sudan, formed by the White Nile, comprising more than 15% of the total area; it is one of the world's largest wetlands" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "South Sudanese (singular and plural)", - "adjective": "South Sudanese" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Dinka, Kakwa, Bari, Azande, Shilluk, Kuku, Murle, Mandari, Didinga, Ndogo, Bviri, Lndi, Anuak, Bongo, Lango, Dungotona, Acholi" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "English (official), Arabic (includes Juba and Sudanese variants) (official), regional languages include Dinka, Nuer, Bari, Zande, Shilluk" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "animist, Christian" - }, - "population": { - "text": "11,090,104 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "46.2% (male 2,613,696/female 2,505,794)", - "15_24_years": "19.7% (male 1,148,967/female 1,030,569)", - "25_54_years": "29% (male 1,547,552/female 1,666,242)", - "55_64_years": "3.1% (male 186,460/female 154,924)", - "65_years_and_over": "2.1% (male 133,300/female 102,600) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "83.8 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "77.4 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.4 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "15.6 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "16.6 years", - "male": "16.5 years", - "female": "16.8 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "4.23% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "38.5 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "8.7 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "12.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "18% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "4.23% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "JUBA (capital) 250,000 (2008 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "2,054 deaths/100,000 live births (2006)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "69.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "5.54 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "3.5% (2006)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "3.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_disease": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_disease": "malaria, dengue fever, trypanosomiasis-Gambiense (African sleeping sickness)", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", - "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "27%", - "male": "40%", - "female": "16% (2009)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of South Sudan", - "conventional_short_form": "South Sudan" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Juba", - "geographic_coordinates": "04 51 N 31 37 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "10 states; Central Equatoria, Eastern Equatoria, Jonglei, Lakes, Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Unity, Upper Nile, Warrap, Western Bahr el Ghazal, Western Equatoria" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "9 July 2011 (from Sudan)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 9 July (2011)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "Transitional Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan 2011, effective 9 July 2011" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011); Vice President James Wani IGGA (since 23 August 2013); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011); Vice President James Wani IGGA (since 23 August 2013)", - "cabinet": "National Council of Ministers; appointed by the president and approved by a resolution from the Legislative Assembly", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held on 11-15 April 2010 (next to be held in 2015)", - "election_results": "Salva KIIR Mayardit elected president; percent of vote - Salva KIIR Mayardit 93%, Lam AKOL 7%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral National Legislature consists of the National Legislative Assembly (332 seats) and the Council of States (50 seats); members serve four-year terms", - "elections": "National Legislative Assembly - last held 11-15 April 2010 (next to be held in 2015); Council of States - established and members appointed 1 August 2011", - "election_results": "National Legislative Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - SPLM 251, SPLM-DC 6, NCP 3, independent 6, unknown 66; Council of States - seats by party - SPLM 20, unknown 30", - "note": "a presidential decree of 1 August 2011 reconstituted the National Legislative Assembly, as permitted under Article 94 of the Transitional Constitution, to include the 170 members elected 11-15 April 2010, 96 former members of the National Assembly of the Republic of Sudan, and 66 newly appointed members for a total of 332; a presidential decree also established a Council of States, initially with 50 members - the 20 former members of the Council of States of the Republic of Sudan plus an additional 30 appointed representatives" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of South Sudan (consists 7 justices including the court president and deputy president and organized into panels of 3 justices except when sitting as a Constitutional panel of all 7 justices)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges appointed by the president upon proposal of the Judicial Service Council, a 9-member judicial and administrative body; judge tenure NA", - "subordinate_courts": "national level: Courts of Appeal; High Courts; County Courts; state level: High Courts; County Courts; customary courts; other specialized courts and tribunals" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Sudan People's Liberation Movement or SPLM [Salva KIIR Mayardit]; National Congress Party or NCP; Sudan People's Liberation Movement for Democratic Change or SPLM-DC [Sisto OLUR Erista]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "AU, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOM, ITU, MIGA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Akec KHOC Aciew Khoc", - "chancery": "1233 20th St. NW, Suite 602, Washington, DC 20036", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 293-7940", - "fax": "[1] (202) 293-7941" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Susan D. PAGE", - "embassy": "located on Kololo Road adjacent to the EU's compound, Juba", - "telephone": "[211] (0) 912-105-188" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green; the red band is edged in white; a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side contains a gold, five-pointed star; black represents the people of South Sudan, red the blood shed in the struggle for freedom, green the verdant land, and blue the waters of the Nile; the gold star represents the unity of the states making up South Sudan", - "note": "resembles the flag of Kenya; one of only two national flags to display six colors as part of its primary design, the other is South Africa's" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "African fish eagle" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "South Sudan Oyee! (Hooray!)", - "lyrics_music": "collective of 49 poets/Juba University students and teachers", - "note": "adopted 2011; the anthem was selected in a national contest" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Industry and infrastructure in landlocked South Sudan are severely underdeveloped and poverty is widespread, following several decades of civil war with Sudan. Subsistence agriculture provides a living for the vast majority of the population. Property rights are tentative and price signals are missing because markets are not well organized. South Sudan has little infrastructure - just 60 km of paved roads. Electricity is produced mostly by costly diesel generators and running water is scarce. The government spends large sums of money to maintain a big army; delays in paying salaries have periodically resulted in riots by unruly soldiers. Ethnic conflicts have resulted in a large number of civilian deaths and displacement. South Sudan depends largely on imports of goods, services, and capital from the north. Despite these disadvantages, South Sudan does have abundant natural resources. South Sudan produces nearly three-fourths of the former Sudan's total oil output of nearly a half million barrels per day. The government of South Sudan derives nearly 98% of its budget revenues from oil. Oil is exported through two pipelines that run to refineries and shipping facilities at Port Sudan on the Red Sea, and the 2005 oil sharing agreement with Khartoum called for a 50-50 sharing of oil revenues between the two entities. That deal expired on 9 July 2011, however, when South Sudan became an independent country. The economy of South Sudan undoubtedly will remain linked to Sudan for some time, given the long lead time and great expense required to build another pipeline. In early 2012 South Sudan suspended production of oil because of its dispute with Sudan over transshipment fees. This had a devastating impact on GDP, which declined by at least 55% in 2012. South Sudan holds one of the richest agricultural areas in Africa with fertile soils and abundant water supplies. Currently the region supports 10-20 million head of cattle. South Sudan does not have large external debt or structural trade deficits and has received more than $4 billion in foreign aid since 2005, largely from the UK, US, Norway, and Netherlands. Following independence, South Sudan's central bank issued a new currency, the South Sudanese Pound, allowing a short grace period for turning in the old currency. Annual inflation peaked at 79% in May 2012. Long-term problems include alleviating poverty, maintaining macroeconomic stability, improving tax collection and financial management, focusing resources on speeding growth, and improving the business environment." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$10.62 billion (2012 est.); $22.59 billion (2011 est.); $21.16 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$12.2 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "-53% (2012 est.); 1.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$1,000 (2012 est.); $2,300 (2011 est.); $2,500 (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "34.9%", - "government_consumption": "17.1%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "10.4%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "64.9%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-27.2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "sorghum, maize, rice, millet, wheat, gum arabic, sugarcane, mangoes, papayas, bananas, sweet potatoes, sunflower, cotton, sesame, cassava (manioc), beans, peanuts; cattle, sheep" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "50.6% (2009)" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "79% (May 2012 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "South Sudanese pounds (SSP) per US dollar -; 0.7778 (2012 est.); 0.7185 (2011 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephone_system": { - "international": "country code - 211" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "TV is controlled by the government; several private FM stations are operational in South Sudan; some foreign radio broadcasts are available" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ss" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "85 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "3", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "82", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "12", - "914_to_1_523_m": "35", - "under_914_m": "34 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "text": "236 km; note - rail system reported to be in disrepair (2010)" - }, - "roadways": { - "text": "7,000 km; note - little of the road network is paved and much of it is in disrepair (2010)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "see entry for Sudan" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory and voluntary military service; the Government of South Sudan signed a revised action plan with the UN in March 2012 to demobilize all child soldiers within the SPLA; UNICEF reported 250 confirmed cases of the SPLA's association with children at the end of 2012 (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "South Sudan-Sudan boundary represents 1 January 1956 alignment, final alignment pending negotiations and demarcation; final sovereignty status of Abyei Area pending negotiations between South Sudan and Sudan; periodic violent skirmishes with South Sudanese residents over water and grazing rights persist among related pastoral populations along the border with the Central African Republic; the boundary that separates Kenya and South Sudan's sovereignty is unclear in the \"Ilemi Triangle,\" which Kenya has administered since colonial times" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "201,303 (Sudan); 13,597 (Democratic Republic of the Congo); 5,876 (Ethiopia) (2013)", - "idps": "243,000 (information is lacking on those displaced in earlier years by: fighting in Abyei between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) in May 2011; clashes between the SPLA and dissident militia groups in South Sudan; inter-ethnic conflicts over resources and cattle; attacks from the Lord's Resistance Army; floods and drought)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "South Sudan is a source and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; South Sudanese women and girls, particularly those who are internally displaced or from rural areas, are vulnerable to forced labor and sexual exploitation in urban centers; the rising number of street children and child laborers are also exploited for forced labor and prostitution; women and girls from Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, and Democratic Republic of the Congo are trafficked to South Sudan with promises of legitimate jobs and are forced into the sex trade; inter-ethnic abductions continue in some communities in South Sudan", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - South Sudan does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government has made progress in implementing its UN-backed action plan to eliminate the use of child soldiers in its armed forces, but it has not demonstrated evidence of increasing efforts to address other forms of trafficking; the government has not taken steps to proactively identify trafficking victims among vulnerable populations and has not deployed a system to transfer victims to organizations to receive care; the government continues to indiscriminately arrest individuals in prostitution, including child sex trafficking victims, and sentence them to prison (2013)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/st-st-sao-tome-n-principe.json b/africa/st-st-sao-tome-n-principe.json deleted file mode 100644 index 8f11252f..00000000 --- a/africa/st-st-sao-tome-n-principe.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,574 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Discovered and claimed by Portugal in the late 15th century, the islands' sugar-based economy gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century - all grown with African plantation slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. While independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. The country held its first free elections in 1991, but frequent internal wrangling between the various political parties precipitated repeated changes in leadership and two failed coup attempts in 1995 and 2003. In 2012, three opposition parties combined in a no confidence vote to bring down the majority government of former Prime Minister Patrice TROVOADA. The new government of Prime Minister Gabriel Arcanjo Ferreira DA COSTA is entirely composed of opposition party members with limited experience in governance. The recent discovery of oil in the Gulf of Guinea promises to attract increased attention to the small island nation." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Central Africa, islands in the Gulf of Guinea, just north of the Equator, west of Gabon" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "1 00 N, 7 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "964 sq km", - "land": "964 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "more than five times the size of Washington, DC" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "209 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "measured from claimed archipelagic baselines", - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "volcanic, mountainous" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Pico de Sao Tome 2,024 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "fish, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "9.06%", - "permanent_crops": "40.62%", - "other": "50.31% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "97 sq km (2003)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation; soil erosion and exhaustion" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "the smallest country in Africa; the two main islands form part of a chain of extinct volcanoes and both are mountainous" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Sao Tomean(s)", - "adjective": "Sao Tomean" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "mestico, angolares (descendants of Angolan slaves), forros (descendants of freed slaves), servicais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (children of servicais born on the islands), Europeans (primarily Portuguese)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Portuguese (official)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Catholic 70.3%, Evangelical 3.4%, New Apostolic 2%, Adventist 1.8%, other 3.1%, none 19.4% (2001 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "186,817 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "44% (male 41,791/female 40,381)", - "15_24_years": "19.6% (male 18,552/female 18,054)", - "25_54_years": "30% (male 27,448/female 28,667)", - "55_64_years": "3.4% (male 2,863/female 3,452)", - "65_years_and_over": "3% (male 2,550/female 3,059) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "81.8 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "75.6 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.1 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "16.3 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "17.6 years", - "male": "17.2 years", - "female": "18.1 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.94% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "36.05 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "7.68 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-8.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "62.7% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "3.01% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "SAO TOME (capital) 60,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.96 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.83 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.84 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "19.4", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2009 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "70 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "50.48 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "52.51 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "48.39 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "63.86 years", - "male": "62.61 years", - "female": "65.14 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "4.81 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "38.4% (2008/09)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "7.2% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.49 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "2.9 beds/1,000 population (2011)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 89% of population; rural: 88% of population; total: 89% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 11% of population; rural: 12% of population; total: 11% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 30% of population; rural: 19% of population; total: 26% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 70% of population; rural: 81% of population; total: 74% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "9.5% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "14.4% (2009)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "69.5%", - "male": "80.3%", - "female": "60.1% (2008 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "11 years", - "male": "11 years", - "female": "11 years (2010)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "3,235", - "percentage": "8 % (2006 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe", - "conventional_short_form": "Sao Tome and Principe", - "local_long_form": "Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe", - "local_short_form": "Sao Tome e Principe" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Sao Tome", - "geographic_coordinates": "0 20 N, 6 44 E", - "time_difference": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "2 provinces; Principe, Sao Tome", - "note": "Principe has had self government since 29 April 1995" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "12 July 1975 (from Portugal)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 12 July (1975)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "approved March 1990, effective 10 September 1990" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil law base on the Portuguese model and customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Manuel Pinto DA COSTA (since 3 September 2011)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Gabriel Arcanjo Ferreira DA COSTA (since 12 December 2012)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the proposal of the prime minister", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 17 July and 7 August 2011 (next to be held in 2016); prime minister chosen by the National Assembly and approved by the president", - "election_results": "Manuel Pinto DA COSTA elected president in a run-off election; percent of vote - Manuel Pinto DA COSTA 52.9%, Evaristo CARVALHO 47.1%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (55 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 1 August 2010 (next to be held in 2014)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ADI 26, MLSTP-PSD 21, PCD 7, MDFM 1" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of NA judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 5 judges, 3 of which are from the Supreme Court)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the National Assembly; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges nominated by the president of the republic and elected by the National Assembly for 5-year terms", - "subordinate_courts": "Court of First Instance; Audit Court" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Force for Change Democratic Movement or MDFM [Tome Soares da VERA CRUZ]; Independent Democratic Action or ADI [Patrice TROVOADA]; Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD [Rafael BRANCO]; New Way Movement or NR; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Delfim NEVES]; Ue-Kedadji coalition; other small parties" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Association of Sao Tome and Principe NGOs or FONG", - "other": "the media" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, CD, CPLP, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Ovidio Manuel Barbosa PEQUENO", - "chancery": "1211 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC 20036", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 775-2075, 2076", - "fax": "[1] (202) 775-2077" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Sao Tome and Principe; the Ambassador to Gabon is accredited to Sao Tome and Principe on a nonresident basis and makes periodic visits to the islands" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three horizontal bands of green (top), yellow (double width), and green with two black five-pointed stars placed side by side in the center of the yellow band and a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; green stands for the country's rich vegetation, red recalls the struggle for independence, and yellow represents cocoa, one of the country's main agricultural products; the two stars symbolize the two main islands", - "note": "uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Independencia total\" (Total Independence)", - "lyrics_music": "Alda Neves DA GRACA do Espirito Santo/Manuel dos Santos Barreto de Sousa e ALMEIDA", - "note": "adopted 1975" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "This small, poor island economy has become increasingly dependent on cocoa since independence in 1975. Cocoa production has substantially declined in recent years because of drought and mismanagement. Sao Tome and Principe has to import fuels, most manufactured goods, consumer goods, and a substantial amount of food, making it vulnerable to fluctuations in global commodity prices. Over the years, it has had difficulty servicing its external debt and has relied heavily on concessional aid and debt rescheduling. Sao Tome and Principe benefited from $200 million in debt relief in December 2000 under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program, which helped bring down the country's $300 million debt burden. In August 2005, the government signed on to a new 3-year IMF Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) program worth $4.3 million. In April 2011 the country completed a Threshold Country Program with The Millennium Challenge Corporation to help increase tax revenues, reform customs, and improve the business environment. Considerable potential exists for development of a tourist industry, and the government has taken steps to expand facilities in recent years. The government also has attempted to reduce price controls and subsidies. Potential exists for the development of petroleum resources in Sao Tome and Principe's territorial waters in the oil-rich Gulf of Guinea, which are being jointly developed in a 60-40 split with Nigeria, but any actual production is at least several years off. The first production licenses were sold in 2004, though a dispute over licensing with Nigeria delayed the country''s receipt of more than $20 million in signing bonuses for almost a year. Maintaining control of inflation, fiscal discipline, and increasing flows of foreign direct investment into the oil sector are the major economic problems facing the country." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$408.6 million (2012 est.); $392.1 million (2011 est.); $374.1 million (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$264 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "4% (2012 est.); 4.9% (2011 est.); 4.5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$2,400 (2012 est.); $2,300 (2011 est.); $2,300 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "20.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 15.2% of GDP (2011 est.); -12.3% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "126.3%", - "government_consumption": "13.9%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "48.7%", - "investment_in_inventories": "-1.6%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "15.5%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-64.9% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "13.9%", - "industry": "19.5%", - "services": "66.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, copra, cinnamon, pepper, coffee, bananas, papayas, beans; poultry; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "light construction, textiles, soap, beer, fish processing, timber" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "5.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "52,490 (2007)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "note": "population mainly engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing; shortages of skilled workers" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "66.2% (2009 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$105.5 million", - "expenditures": "$131.8 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "39.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-10% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "83.5% of GDP (2012 est.); 80.9% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "10.6% (2012 est.); 14.3% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "16% (31 December 2009); 28% (31 December 2008)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "26% (31 December 2012 est.); 26.75% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$38.63 million (31 December 2012 est.); $34.42 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$80.55 million (31 December 2012 est.); $82.39 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$94.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $90.89 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$85.1 million (2012 est.); -$77.6 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$11.7 million (2012 est.); $12.1 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "cocoa 80%, copra, coffee, palm oil" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Netherlands 32.7%, Belgium 21.4%, Spain 10.8%, Nigeria 5.7%, US 5% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$121.6 million (2012 est.); $119.6 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and electrical equipment, food products, petroleum products" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Portugal 63%, Gabon 6% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$51.58 million (31 December 2012 est.); $51.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$299.5 million (31 December 2012 est.); $230.9 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "dobras (STD) per US dollar -; 19,068 (2012 est.); 17,623 (2011 est.); 18,499 (2010 est.); 16,209 (2009); 14,900 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "32 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "29.76 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "14,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "57.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "42.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2010 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "903.5 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "889 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "150,300 Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "8,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "115,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "local telephone network of adequate quality with most lines connected to digital switches", - "domestic": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 65 telephones per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 239; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "1 government-owned TV station; 1 government-owned radio station; 3 independent local radio stations authorized in 2005 with 2 operating at the end of 2006; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".st" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "1,678 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "26,700 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "2 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "320 km", - "paved": "218 km", - "unpaved": "102 km (2000)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "3", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 1, cargo 2", - "foreign_owned": "2 (China 1, Greece 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Sao Tome" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Armed Forces of Sao Tome and Principe (Forcas Armadas de Sao Tome e Principe, FASTP): Army, Coast Guard of Sao Tome e Principe (Guarda Costeira de Sao Tome e Principe, GCSTP); also called \"Navy\"), Presidential Guard (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service; 17 is the legal minimum age for voluntary service (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "39,182", - "females_age_16_49": "39,845 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "27,310", - "females_age_16_49": "29,279 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "2,076", - "female": "2,003 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.5% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "military_note": { - "text": "Sao Tome and Principe's army is a tiny force with almost no resources at its disposal and would be wholly ineffective operating unilaterally; infantry equipment is considered simple to operate and maintain but may require refurbishment or replacement after 25 years in tropical climates; poor pay, working conditions, and alleged nepotism in the promotion of officers have been problems in the past, as reflected in the 1995 and 2003 coups; these issues are being addressed with foreign assistance aimed at improving the army and its focus on realistic security concerns; command is exercised from the president, through the Minister of Defense, to the Chief of the Armed Forces staff (2005)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/sz-swaziland.json b/africa/sz-swaziland.json deleted file mode 100644 index 96b7599d..00000000 --- a/africa/sz-swaziland.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,583 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Autonomy for the Swazis of southern Africa was guaranteed by the British in the late 19th century; independence was granted in 1968. Student and labor unrest during the 1990s pressured King MSWATI III, Africa's last absolute monarch, to grudgingly allow political reform and greater democracy, although he has backslid on these promises in recent years. A constitution came into effect in 2006, but the legal status of political parties remains unclear. The African United Democratic Party tried unsuccessfully to register as an official political party in mid 2006. Talks over the constitution broke down between the government and progressive groups in 2007. Swaziland recently surpassed Botswana as the country with the world's highest known HIV/AIDS prevalence rate." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southern Africa, between Mozambique and South Africa" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "26 30 S, 31 30 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "17,364 sq km", - "land": "17,204 sq km", - "water": "160 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than New Jersey" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "535 km", - "border_countries": "Mozambique 105 km, South Africa 430 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "varies from tropical to near temperate" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly mountains and hills; some moderately sloping plains" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Great Usutu River 21 m", - "highest_point": "Emlembe 1,862 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "asbestos, coal, clay, cassiterite, hydropower, forests, small gold and diamond deposits, quarry stone, and talc" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "10.08%", - "permanent_crops": "0.86%", - "other": "89.06% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "498.5 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "4.51 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "1.04 cu km/yr (4%/2%/94%)", - "per_capita": "962.1 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "drought" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "limited supplies of potable water; wildlife populations being depleted because of excessive hunting; overgrazing; soil degradation; soil erosion" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Law of the Sea" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; almost completely surrounded by South Africa" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Swazi(s)", - "adjective": "Swazi" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "African 97%, European 3%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "English (official, used for government business), siSwati (official)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Zionist 40% (a blend of Christianity and indigenous ancestral worship), Roman Catholic 20%, Muslim 10%, other (includes Anglican, Baha'i, Methodist, Mormon, Jewish) 30%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "1,403,362 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "36.9% (male 261,954/female 256,144)", - "15_24_years": "22.4% (male 158,947/female 155,421)", - "25_54_years": "32.7% (male 234,805/female 224,703)", - "55_64_years": "4.2% (male 23,287/female 35,900)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.7% (male 21,042/female 31,159) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "70.4 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "64.4 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.9 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "16.8 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "20.7 years", - "male": "20.4 years", - "female": "21.1 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.17% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "25.68 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "13.95 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "21.2% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.19% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "MBABANE (capital) 74,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.65 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.69 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "19.5 (2007 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "320 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "57.19 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "61.21 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "53.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "50.01 years", - "male": "50.44 years", - "female": "49.56 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.96 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "65.2% (2010)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "6.6% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.16 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "2.1 beds/1,000 population (2011)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 91% of population; rural: 65% of population; total: 71% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 9% of population; rural: 35% of population; total: 29% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 64% of population; rural: 55% of population; total: 57% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 36% of population; rural: 45% of population; total: 43% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "25.9% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "180,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "7,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "intermediate", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_disease": "malaria", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "19.7% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "6.1% (2007)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "8.2% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "87.8%", - "male": "88.4%", - "female": "87.3% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "11 years", - "male": "12 years", - "female": "11 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "28,043", - "percentage": "9 % (2000 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Kingdom of Swaziland", - "conventional_short_form": "Swaziland", - "local_long_form": "Umbuso weSwatini", - "local_short_form": "eSwatini" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "monarchy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Mbabane", - "geographic_coordinates": "26 19 S, 31 08 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "note": "Lobamba (royal and legislative capital)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "4 districts; Hhohho, Lubombo, Manzini, Shiselweni" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "6 September 1968 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 6 September (1968)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "signed by the king July 2005; went into effect 8 February 2006" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil, common, and customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "King MSWATI III (since 25 April 1986)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Barnabas Sibusiso DLAMINI (since 23 October 2008); Deputy Prime Minister Themba Nhlanganiso MASUKU (since 2008)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet recommended by the prime minister and confirmed by the monarch", - "elections": "none; the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch from among the elected members of the House of Assembly" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Libandla consists of the Senate (30 seats; 10 members elected by the House of Assembly and 20 appointed by the monarch; members to serve five-year terms) and the House of Assembly (65 seats; 10 members appointed by the monarch and 55 elected by popular vote; members to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "House of Assembly - last held on 19 September 2008 (next to be held on 20 September 2013)", - "election_results": "House of Assembly - balloting is done on a nonparty basis; candidates for election nominated by the local council of each constituency and for each constituency the three candidates with the most votes in the first round of voting are narrowed to a single winner by a second round" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "the Supreme Court of the Judicature comprising the Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and at least 5 justices) and the High Court (consists of the chief justice - ex officio - and at least 4 justices); note - the Supreme Court has jurisdiction in all constitutional matters note - the national constitution as amended in 2006 shifted judicial power from the monarch and vested it exclusively in the judiciary", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "justices of the Supreme Court of the Judicature are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission or JCS, a judicial advisory body consisting of the Supreme Court Chief Justice, 4 members appointed by the monarch, and the JCS head; justices of both courts eligible for retirement at age 65 with mandatory retirement at age 75 for Supreme Court justices and at age 70 for High Court justices", - "subordinate_courts": "magistrates' courts; National Swazi Courts for administering customary/traditional law (jurisdiction restricted to customary law for Swazi citizens)" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "the status of political parties, previously banned, is unclear under the 2006 Constitution and currently being debated; the following are considered political associations; African United Democratic Party or AUDP [Stanley MAUNDZISA, president]; Imbokodvo National Movement or INM; Ngwane National Liberatory Congress or NNLC [Obed DLAMINI, president]; People's United Democratic Movement or PUDEMO [Mario MASUKU, president]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Swaziland Democracy Campaign; Swaziland Federation of Trade Unions; Swaziland Solidarity Network or SSN" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Abednigo Mandla NTSHANGASE", - "chancery": "1712 New Hampshire Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20009", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 234-5002", - "fax": "[1] (202) 234-8254" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Makila JAMES", - "embassy": "7th Floor, Central Bank Building, Mahlokohla St., Mbabane", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 199, Mbabane", - "telephone": "[268] 404-6441", - "fax": "[268] 404-5959" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width), and blue; the red band is edged in yellow; centered in the red band is a large black and white shield covering two spears and a staff decorated with feather tassels, all placed horizontally; blue stands for peace and stability, red represents past struggles, and yellow the mineral resources of the country; the shield, spears, and staff symbolize protection from the country's enemies, while the black and white of the shield are meant to portray black and white people living in peaceful coexistence" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "lion; elephant" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Nkulunkulu Mnikati wetibusiso temaSwati\" (Oh God, Bestower of the Blessings of the Swazi)", - "lyrics_music": "Andrease Enoke Fanyana SIMELANE/David Kenneth RYCROFT", - "note": "adopted 1968; the anthem uses elements of both ethnic Swazi and Western music styles" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Surrounded by South Africa, except for a short border with Mozambique, Swaziland depends heavily on South Africa from which it receives more than 90% of its imports and to which it sends 60% of its exports. Swaziland's currency is pegged to the South African rand, effectively subsuming Swaziland's monetary policy to South Africa. The government is heavily dependent on customs duties from the Southern African Customs Union (SACU), and worker remittances from South Africa supplement domestically earned income. Subsistence agriculture employs approximately 70% of the population. The manufacturing sector has diversified since the mid-1980s. Sugar and wood pulp were major foreign exchange earners; however, the wood pulp producer closed in January 2010, and sugar is now the main export earner. Mining has declined in importance in recent years with only coal and quarry stone mines remaining active. Customs revenues plummeted due to the global economic crisis and a drop in South African imports. The resulting decline in revenue has pushed the country into a fiscal crisis. Swaziland is looking to other countries, including South Africa, for assistance, but continues to struggle to meet its monthly payroll and fund government programs. With an estimated 40% unemployment rate, Swaziland''s need to increase the number and size of small and medium enterprises and attract foreign direct investment is acute. Overgrazing, soil depletion, drought, and floods persist as problems for the future. More than one-fourth of the population needed emergency food aid in 2006-07 because of drought, and more than one-quarter of the adult population has been infected by HIV/AIDS." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$6.345 billion (2012 est.); $6.441 billion (2011 est.); $6.424 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$3.751 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "-1.5% (2012 est.); 0.3% (2011 est.); 1.9% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$5,900 (2012 est.); $6,000 (2011 est.); $6,100 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "7.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 0.6% of GDP (2011 est.); -2.3% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "85.5%", - "government_consumption": "23.3%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "10.3%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "51.7%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-70.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "7.8%", - "industry": "45.1%", - "services": "47.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "sugarcane, cotton, corn, tobacco, rice, citrus, pineapples, sorghum, peanuts; cattle, goats, sheep" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "coal, wood pulp, sugar, soft drink concentrates, textiles and apparel" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "457,900 (2007)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "70%", - "industry": "NA%", - "services": "NA%" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "40% (2006 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "69% (2006)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1.7%", - "highest_10%": "40.1% (2010 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "50.4 (2001)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$1.451 billion", - "expenditures": "$1.438 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "38.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "0.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 April - 31 March" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "9.4% (2012 est.); 6.1% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "6.5% (31 December 2010 est.); 6.5% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "8.75% (31 December 2012 est.); 9% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$403.3 million (31 December 2012 est.); $355.1 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$1.106 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.087 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$762.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $948.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$203.1 million (31 December 2007); $203.1 million (31 December 2007)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$3.8 million (2012 est.); -$280.9 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$2.005 billion (2012 est.); $2.011 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "soft drink concentrates, sugar, wood pulp, cotton yarn, refrigerators, citrus and canned fruit" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$2.152 billion (2012 est.); $2.108 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "motor vehicles, machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$741 million (31 December 2012 est.); $600.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$609.8 million (31 December 2012 est.); $604.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "emalangeni per US dollar -; 8.2031 (2012 est.); 7.2597 (2011 est.); 7.3212 (2010 est.); 8.42 (2009); 7.75 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "450 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "1.175 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "597 million kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "130,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "67.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "32.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2010 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "4,567 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "4,898 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "1.113 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "75,800 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "766,500 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "a somewhat modern but not an advanced system", - "domestic": "single source for mobile-cellular service with a geographic coverage of about 90% and a rising subscribership base; combined fixed-line and mobile cellular teledensity roughly 60 telephones per 100 persons in 2011; telephone system consists of carrier-equipped, open-wire lines and low-capacity, microwave radio relay", - "international": "country code - 268; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2009)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-owned TV station; satellite dishes are able to access South African providers; state-owned radio network with 3 channels; 1 private radio station (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".sz" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "2,744 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "90,100 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "14 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "2", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "12", - "914_to_1_523_m": "5", - "under_914_m": "7 (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "301 km", - "narrow_gauge": "301 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "3,594 km", - "paved": "1,078 km", - "unpaved": "2,516 km (2002)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Umbutfo Swaziland Defense Force (USDF): Ground Force (includes Air Wing) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-30 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription; compulsory HIV testing required, only HIV-negative applicants accepted (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "344,038 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "201,853", - "females_age_16_49": "175,477 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "16,168", - "female": "15,763 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "2.6% of GDP (2011)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "in 2006, Swazi king advocated resorting to ICJ to claim parts of Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal from South Africa" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/td-chad.json b/africa/td-chad.json deleted file mode 100644 index 2b3d9617..00000000 --- a/africa/td-chad.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,605 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Chad, part of France's African holdings until 1960, endured three decades of civil warfare, as well as invasions by Libya, before a semblance of peace was finally restored in 1990. The government eventually drafted a democratic constitution and held flawed presidential elections in 1996 and 2001. In 1998, a rebellion broke out in northern Chad, which has sporadically flared up despite several peace agreements between the government and the insurgents. In 2005, new rebel groups emerged in western Sudan and made probing attacks into eastern Chad despite signing peace agreements in December 2006 and October 2007. In June 2005, President Idriss DEBY held a referendum successfully removing constitutional term limits and won another controversial election in 2006. Sporadic rebel campaigns continued throughout 2006 and 2007. The capital experienced a significant insurrection in early 2008, but has had no significant rebel threats since then, in part due to Chad's 2010 rapprochement with Sudan, which previously used Chadian rebels as proxies. DEBY in 2011 was reelected to his fourth term in an election that international observers described as proceeding without incident. Power remains in the hands of an ethnic minority." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Central Africa, south of Libya" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "15 00 N, 19 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "1.284 million sq km", - "land": "1,259,200 sq km", - "water": "24,800 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly more than three times the size of California" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "5,968 km", - "border_countries": "Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km, Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical in south, desert in north" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Djourab 160 m", - "highest_point": "Emi Koussi 3,415 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad), gold, limestone, sand and gravel, salt" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "3.82%", - "permanent_crops": "0.02%", - "other": "96.16% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "302.7 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "43 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.88 cu km/yr (12%/12%/76%)", - "per_capita": "84.81 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "inadequate supplies of potable water; improper waste disposal in rural areas contributes to soil and water pollution; desertification" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the Sahel" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Chadian(s)", - "adjective": "Chadian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Sara 27.7%, Arab 12.3%, Mayo-Kebbi 11.5%, Kanem-Bornou 9%, Ouaddai 8.7%, Hadjarai 6.7%, Tandjile 6.5%, Gorane 6.3%, Fitri-Batha 4.7%, other 6.4%, unknown 0.3% (1993 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 different languages and dialects" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim 53.1%, Catholic 20.1%, Protestant 14.2%, animist 7.3%, other 0.5%, unknown 1.7%, atheist 3.1% (1993 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "11,193,452 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "45.2% (male 2,565,613/female 2,494,020)", - "15_24_years": "20.4% (male 1,107,121/female 1,178,946)", - "25_54_years": "27.6% (male 1,393,498/female 1,693,233)", - "55_64_years": "3.9% (male 188,558/female 242,559)", - "65_years_and_over": "2.9% (male 137,590/female 192,314) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "103.3 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "98.4 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "4.9 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "20.4 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "17 years", - "male": "15.9 years", - "female": "18.1 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.95% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "37.99 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "14.85 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-3.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "21.8% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "N'DJAMENA (capital) 1.079 million (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "0.93 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.82 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.78 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.72 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.93 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "18.2 (2004 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "1,100 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "91.94 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "97.64 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "86.01 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "49.07 years", - "male": "47.95 years", - "female": "50.22 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "4.8 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "4.8% (2010)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "4.5% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.04 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.43 beds/1,000 population (2005)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 70% of population; rural: 44% of population; total: 51% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 30% of population; rural: 56% of population; total: 49% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 30% of population; rural: 6% of population; total: 13% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 70% of population; rural: 94% of population; total: 87% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "3.4% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "210,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "11,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", - "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "2.7% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "33.9% (2004)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "2.9% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write French or Arabic", - "total_population": "35.4%", - "male": "45.6%", - "female": "25.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "8 years", - "male": "10 years", - "female": "6 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "1,475,960", - "percentage": "48 % (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Chad", - "conventional_short_form": "Chad", - "local_long_form": "Republique du Tchad/Jumhuriyat Tshad", - "local_short_form": "Tchad/Tshad" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "N'Djamena", - "geographic_coordinates": "12 06 N, 15 02 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "22 regions (regions, singular - region); Barh el Gazel, Batha, Borkou, Chari-Baguirmi, Ennedi, Guera, Hadjer-Lamis, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mandoul, Mayo-Kebbi Est, Mayo-Kebbi Ouest, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Sila, Tandjile, Tibesti, Ville de N'Djamena, Wadi Fira" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "11 August 1960 (from France)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 11 August (1960)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "passed by referendum 31 March 1996; a June 2005 referendum removed constitutional term limits" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil and customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno (since 4 December 1990)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Djimrangar DADNADJI (since 21 January 2013)", - "cabinet": "Council of State; members are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; if no candidate receives at least 50% of the total vote, the two candidates receiving the most votes must stand for a second round of voting; last election held on 25 April 2011 (next to be held by 2016); prime minister appointed by the president", - "election_results": "Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno reelected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY 83.6%, Albert Pahimi PADACKE 8.6%, Nadji MADOU 7.8%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly (188 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "National Assembly - last held on 13 February 2011 (next to be held by 2015); note - legislative elections, originally scheduled for 2006, were first delayed by National Assembly action and subsequently by an accord, signed in August 2007, between government and opposition parties", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ART 133, UNDR 11, others 44" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of a chief justice and 15 judges or councilors and divided into 3 chambers); Constitutional Council (consists of 3 judges and 6 jurists)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court chief justice selected by the president; councilors - 8 designated by the president and 7 by the speaker of the National Assembly; chief justice and councilors appointed for life; Constitutional Council judges - 2 appointed by the president and 1 by the speaker of the National Assembly; jurists - 3 each by the president and by the speaker of the National Assembly; judges term NA", - "subordinate_courts": "High Court of Justice; Courts of Appeal; tribunals; justices of the peace" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Alliance for the Renaissance of Chad or ART, an alliance among the ruling MPS, RDP, and Viva-RNDP; Federation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarledjy YORONGAR]; National Rally for Development and Progress or Viva-RNDP [Delwa Kassire KOUMAKOYE]; National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh KEBZABO]; Party for Liberty and Development or PLD [Ibni Oumar Mahamat SALEH]; Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Mahamat Saleh AHMAT, chairman]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Lol Mahamat CHOUA]; Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Gen. Wadal Abdelkader KAMOUGUE]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "rebel groups" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, EITI (candidate country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Maitine DJOUMBE", - "chancery": "2401 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 462-4009", - "fax": "[1] (202) 265-1937" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Mark M. BOULWARE", - "embassy": "Avenue Felix Eboue, N'Djamena", - "mailing_address": "B. P. 413, N'Djamena", - "telephone": "[235] 2251-70-09", - "fax": "[235] 2251-56-54" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; the flag combines the blue and red French (former colonial) colors with the red and yellow of the Pan-African colors; blue symbolizes the sky, hope, and the south of the country, which is relatively well-watered; yellow represents the sun, as well as the desert in the north of the country; red stands for progress, unity, and sacrifice", - "note": "similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flags of Andorra and Moldova, both of which have a national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "goat (north); lion (south)" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"La Tchadienne\" (The Chadian)", - "lyrics_music": "Louis GIDROL and his students/Paul VILLARD", - "note": "adopted 1960" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Chad's primarily agricultural economy will continue to be boosted by major foreign direct investment projects in the oil sector that began in 2000. Economic conditions have been positive in recent years, with real GDP growth reaching 13% in 2010 because of high international prices for oil and a strong local harvest. GDP growth for 2012 was 5%. However, Chad's investment climate remains challenging due to limited infrastructure, a lack of trained workers, extensive government bureaucracy, and corruption. At least 80% of Chad's population relies on subsistence farming and livestock raising for its livelihood. The government of Chad is determined to improve agricultural production through modernization and mechanization over the next three years, and hosted a national Rural Development Forum in 2012 to promote investment in agriculture. Chad's economy has long been handicapped by its landlocked position, high energy costs, and a history of instability. Chad relies on foreign assistance and foreign capital for most public and private sector investment projects. Remittances are also an important source of income. The Libyan conflict disrupted inflows of remittances to Chad's impoverished western region that relies on income from Chadians living in Libya. A consortium led by two US companies has been investing $3.7 billion to develop oil reserves - estimated at 1.5 billion barrels - in southern Chad. Chinese companies are also expanding exploration efforts and have completed a 311-km pipeline and the country's first refinery. The nation's total oil reserves are estimated at 1.5 billion barrels. Oil production came on stream in late 2003. Chad began to export oil in 2004. Cotton, cattle, and gum arabic provide the bulk of Chad's non-oil export earnings." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$21 billion (2012 est.); $19.99 billion (2011 est.); $19.89 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$10.81 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "5% (2012 est.); 0.5% (2011 est.); 13% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$2,000 (2012 est.); $1,900 (2011 est.); $1,900 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "28% of GDP (2012 est.); 30.2% of GDP (2011 est.); 27.7% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "66.5%", - "government_consumption": "11.9%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "31.9%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.7%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "41%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-52.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "47.1%", - "industry": "9.2%", - "services": "43.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca); cattle, sheep, goats, camels" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "oil, cotton textiles, meatpacking, brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "10.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "4.293 million (2007)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "80% (2006 est.)", - "industry_and_services": "20% (2006 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "80% (2001 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.6%", - "highest_10%": "30.8% (2003)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$2.748 billion", - "expenditures": "$2.979 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "25.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-2.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "33.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 43.4% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "10.2% (2012 est.); -4.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "4.25% (31 December 2009); 4.75% (31 December 2008)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "15.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 15% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$1.499 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.235 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$1.642 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.335 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$785.1 million (31 December 2012 est.); $553.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$1.965 billion (2012 est.); -$2.386 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$4.144 billion (2012 est.); $4.306 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "oil, cattle, cotton, gum arabic" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 82.5%, China 6.7% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$2.761 billion (2012 est.); $2.696 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, foodstuffs, textiles" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 19.8%, Cameroon 19.7%, France 15.8%, Saudi Arabia 5.4%, US 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$1.174 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $968.1 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$1.793 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.821 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "; $4.5 billion (2006 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar -; 510.53 (2012 est.); 471.87 (2011 est.); 495.28 (2010 est.); 472.19 (2009); 447.81 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "95 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "88.35 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "31,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "123,700 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "115,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "1.5 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "1,817 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "1,754 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "290,900 Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "31,200 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "3.666 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "inadequate system of radiotelephone communication stations with high costs and low telephone density", - "domestic": "fixed-line connections for less than 1 per 100 persons coupled with mobile-cellular subscribership base of only about 35 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 235; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "1 state-owned TV station; state-owned radio network, Radiodiffusion Nationale Tchadienne (RNT), operates national and regional stations; about 10 private radio stations; some stations rebroadcast programs from international broadcasters (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".td" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "6 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "168,100 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "59 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "9", - "over_3_047_m": "2", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "4", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "50", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "14", - "914_to_1_523_m": "22", - "under_914_m": "11 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "oil 582 km (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "40,000 km", - "note": "consists of 25,000 km of national and regional roads and 15,000 km of local roads; 206 km of urban roads are paved (2011)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "(Chari and Legone rivers are navigable only in wet season) (2012)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Chadian National Army (Armee Nationale du Tchad, ANT): Ground Forces (l'Armee de Terre, AdT), Chadian Air Force (l'Armee de l'Air Tchadienne, AAT), National Gendarmerie, National and Nomadic Guard of Chad (GNNT) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "20 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service, with a 3-year service obligation; 18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary service; no minimum age restriction for volunteers with consent from a parent or guardian; women are subject to 1 year of compulsory military or civic service at age of 21 (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,090,244", - "females_age_16_49": "2,441,321 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,183,242", - "females_age_16_49": "1,395,811 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "128,723", - "female": "128,244 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.6% of GDP (2011)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "since 2003, ad hoc armed militia groups and the Sudanese military have driven hundreds of thousands of Darfur residents into Chad; Chad wishes to be a helpful mediator in resolving the Darfur conflict, and in 2010 established a joint border monitoring force with Sudan, which has helped to reduce cross-border banditry and violence; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty, which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "306,960 (Sudan) (2012); 83,751 (Central African Republic) (2013)", - "idps": "90,000 (majority are in the east) (2012)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Chad is a source, transit, and destination country for children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; the trafficking problem is mainly internal and frequently involves family members entrusting children to relatives or intermediaries in return for promises of education, apprenticeships, goods, or money; child trafficking victims are subjected to involuntary domestic servitude, forced cattle herding, forced begging, involuntary agricultural labor, or commercial sexual exploitation; some Chadian girls who travel to larger towns in search of work are forced into prostitution; in 2012, Chadian children were identified in some government military training centers and among rebel groups", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Chad does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government has made a limited commitment to increased anti-trafficking law enforcement but continues to lack formal victim identification procedures; draft revisions to Chad's penal code that would prohibit child trafficking and provide protection for victims were not enacted for the third consecutive year; the government continues its nationwide campaign on human rights issues, including human trafficking, and high-ranking officials, such as the president and prime minister, are speaking out publicly against human trafficking (2013)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/tg-togo.json b/africa/tg-togo.json deleted file mode 100644 index affc4589..00000000 --- a/africa/tg-togo.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,599 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "French Togoland became Togo in 1960. Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, ruled Togo with a heavy hand for almost four decades. Despite the facade of multi-party elections instituted in the early 1990s, the government was largely dominated by President EYADEMA, whose Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) party has maintained power almost continually since 1967 and maintains a majority of seats in today's legislature. Upon EYADEMA's death in February 2005, the military installed the president's son, Faure GNASSINGBE, and then engineered his formal election two months later. Democratic gains since then allowed Togo to hold its first relatively free and fair legislative elections in October 2007. After years of political unrest and condemnation from international organizations for human rights abuses, Togo is finally being re-welcomed into the international community. In January 2012, Togo assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2012-13 term." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "8 00 N, 1 10 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "56,785 sq km", - "land": "54,385 sq km", - "water": "2,400 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than West Virginia" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,647 km", - "border_countries": "Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "56 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "30 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Mont Agou 986 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "44.2%", - "permanent_crops": "3.7%", - "other": "52.1% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "73 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "14.7 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.17 cu km/yr (63%/3%/34%)", - "per_capita": "33.46 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; water pollution presents health hazards and hinders the fishing industry; air pollution increasing in urban areas" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "the country's length allows it to stretch through six distinct geographic regions; climate varies from tropical to savanna" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Togolese (singular and plural)", - "adjective": "Togolese" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "French (official, the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Christian 29%, Muslim 20%, indigenous beliefs 51%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "7,154,237 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "40.8% (male 1,461,606/female 1,453,846)", - "15_24_years": "20% (male 712,388/female 715,702)", - "25_54_years": "31.9% (male 1,132,912/female 1,148,103)", - "55_64_years": "4.2% (male 140,800/female 157,769)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.2% (male 100,247/female 130,864) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "80.5 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "75.5 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "20.1 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "19.5 years", - "male": "19.2 years", - "female": "19.7 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.73% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "34.9 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "7.6 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "38% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "3.3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "LOME (capital) 1.593 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.89 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.77 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "20 (1998 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "300 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "48.28 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "55.03 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "41.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "63.62 years", - "male": "61.07 years", - "female": "66.24 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "4.58 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "15.2% (2010)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "7.7% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.05 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.7 beds/1,000 population (2011)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 89% of population; rural: 40% of population; total: 61% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 11% of population; rural: 60% of population; total: 39% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 26% of population; rural: 3% of population; total: 13% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 74% of population; rural: 97% of population; total: 87% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "3.2% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "120,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "7,700 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever", - "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies", - "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds \r\n (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "4.3% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "20.5% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "4.6% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "60.4%", - "male": "74.1%", - "female": "48% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "12.9 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "774,801", - "percentage": "47 % (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Togolese Republic", - "conventional_short_form": "Togo", - "local_long_form": "Republique Togolaise", - "local_short_form": "none", - "former": "French Togoland" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Lome", - "geographic_coordinates": "6 07 N, 1 13 E", - "time_difference": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "5 regions (regions, singular - region); Centrale, Kara, Maritime, Plateaux, Savanes" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 27 April (1960)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "customary law system" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Faure GNASSINGBE (since 4 May 2005);", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Kwesi Seleagodji AHOOMEY-ZUNU (since 23 July 2012)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); election last held on 4 March 2010 (next to be held in 2015); prime minister appointed by the president", - "election_results": "Faure GNASSINGBE reelected president; percent of vote - Faure GNASSINGBE 60.9%, Jean-Pierre FABRE 33.9%, Yawovi AGBOYIBO 3%, other 2.2%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly (91 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 25 July 2013 (next to be held in 2018)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UNIR 62, CST 19, Rainbow Alliance 6, UFC 3, independents 1" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (organized into the Criminal Chamber and the Administrative Chamber, each with a chamber president and advisors); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges including the court president)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court president appointed by decree of the president of the republic upon the proposal of the Supreme Council of the Magistracy, a 9-member judicial, advisory, and disciplinary body; other judge appointments and judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Assembly; judge tenure NA", - "subordinate_courts": "Court of Assizes (sessions court); appeals courts; tribunals of first instance (divided into civil, commercial, and correctional chambers; Court of State Security; military tribunal" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Yawovi AGBOYIBO]; Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA; Movement of the Believers of Peace and Equality or MOCEP; National Alliance for Change or ANC [Jean-Pierre FABRE]; Pan-African Patriotic Convergence or CPP [Edem KODJO]; Rainbow Alliance (a colalition including: CAR and CDPA) [Brigitte Adjamagbo JOHNSON]; Rally for the Support for Development and Democracy or RSDD [Harry OLYMPIO]; Save Togo Collective or CST (a coalition including: ANC and PSR) [Ata Messan Zeus AJAVON; Socialist Pact for Renewal or PSR; Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Gagou KOKOU]; Union for the Republic or UNIR [Faure GNASSINGBE]; Union of Forces for Change or UFC [Gilchrist OLYMPIO]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (candidate country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNSC (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Limbiye Edawa Kadangha BARIKI", - "chancery": "2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 234-4212", - "fax": "[1] (202) 232-3190" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Robert E. WHITEHEAD", - "embassy": "4332 Blvd. Gnassingbe Eyadema, Cite OUA, Lome", - "mailing_address": "B. P. 852, Lome; 2300 Lome Place, Washington, DC 20521-2300", - "telephone": "[228] 2261-5470", - "fax": "[228] 2261-5501" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; a white five-pointed star on a red square is in the upper hoist-side corner; the five horizontal stripes stand for the five different regions of the country; the red square is meant to express the loyalty and patriotism of the people; green symbolizes hope, fertility, and agriculture; yellow represents mineral wealth and faith that hard work and strength will bring prosperity; the star symbolizes life, purity, peace, dignity, and Togo's independence", - "note": "uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Salut a toi, pays de nos aieux\" (Hail to Thee, Land of Our Forefathers)", - "lyrics_music": "Alex CASIMIR-DOSSEH", - "note": "adopted 1960, restored 1992; this anthem was replaced by another during one-party rule between 1979 and 1992" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "This small, sub-Saharan economy depends heavily on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, which provides employment for a significant share of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be imported. Cocoa, coffee, and cotton generate about 40% of export earnings with cotton being the most important cash crop. Togo is among the world's largest producers of phosphate and Togo seeks to develop its carbonate phosphate reserves. The government's decade-long effort, supported by the World Bank and the IMF, to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has moved slowly. Progress depends on follow through on privatization, increased openness in government financial operations, progress toward legislative elections, and continued support from foreign donors. Foreign direct investment inflows have slowed over recent years. Togo completed its IMF Extended Credit Facility in 2011 and reached a HIPC debt relief completion point in 2010 at which 95% of the country''s debt was forgiven. Togo continues to work with the IMF on structural reforms." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$7.024 billion (2012 est.); $6.688 billion (2011 est.); $6.377 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$3.685 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "5% (2012 est.); 4.9% (2011 est.); 4% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$1,100 (2012 est.); $1,100 (2011 est.); $1,100 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "14.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 16.6% of GDP (2011 est.); 11.3% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "88.8%", - "government_consumption": "12.3%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "25.4%", - "investment_in_inventories": "-0.2%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "39.3%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-66.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "28.2%", - "industry": "33.9%", - "services": "37.9% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava (manioc), corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles, beverages" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "5.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "2.595 million (2007)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "65%", - "industry": "5%", - "services": "30% (1998 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "32% (1989 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.3%", - "highest_10%": "27.1% (2006)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$764.1 million", - "expenditures": "$906.1 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "20.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-3.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.6% (2012 est.); 3.6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "2.5% (31 December 2010 est.); 4.25% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$1.057 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $981.9 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$1.534 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.635 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$1.471 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.193 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$418.4 million (2012 est.); -$302.7 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$987.1 million (2012 est.); $1.031 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "reexports, cotton, phosphates, coffee, cocoa" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "India 13.7%, Lebanon 10.5%, Burkina Faso 8%, Benin 7.9%, Niger 6%, China 5.8%, Netherlands 4.9%, Ghana 4.6% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$1.541 billion (2012 est.); $1.494 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 41.2%, Netherlands 8%, France 5.5%, UK 5.4% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$441.6 million (31 December 2012 est.); $774.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$NA (31 December 2012 est.); $643.1 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -; 510.53 (2012 est.); 471.87 (2011 est.); 495.28 (2010 est.); 472.19 (2009); 447.81 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "123 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "651 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "683 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "85,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "21.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "78.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2010 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "28,670 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "6,829 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "3.166 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "240,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "3.105 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "fair system based on a network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and a mobile-cellular system", - "domestic": "microwave radio relay and open-wire lines for conventional system; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 50 telephones per 100 persons with mobile-cellular use predominating", - "international": "country code - 228; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Symphonie (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "2 state-owned TV stations with multiple transmission sites; 5 private TV stations broadcast locally; cable TV service is available; state-owned radio network with multiple stations; several dozen private radio stations and a few community radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters available (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".tg" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "1,168 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "356,300 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "8 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "2", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "6", - "914_to_1_523_m": "4", - "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "568 km", - "narrow_gauge": "568 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "7,520 km", - "paved": "2,376 km", - "unpaved": "5,144 km (2000)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "50 km (seasonally navigable by small craft on the Mono River depending on rainfall) (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "61", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 6, cargo 38, carrier 3, chemical tanker 5, container 3, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 3, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 1", - "foreign_owned": "21 (China 1, Lebanon 6, Romania 1, Syria 6, Turkey 4, UAE 1, US 1, Yemen 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Kpeme, Lome" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Togolese Armed Forces (Forces Armees Togolaise, FAT): Togolese Army (l'Armee de Terre), Togolese Navy (Forces Naval Togolaises), Togolese Air Force (Force Aerienne Togolaise, TAF), National Gendarmerie (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; 2-year service obligation (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,577,572", - "females_age_16_49": "1,589,715 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,104,536", - "females_age_16_49": "1,158,061 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "74,036", - "female": "73,515 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.9% of GDP (2011)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "in 2001, Benin claimed Togo moved boundary monuments - joint commission continues to resurvey the boundary; in 2006, 14,000 Togolese refugees remain in Benin and Ghana out of the 40,000 who fled there in 2005; talks continue between Benin and Togo on funding the Adjrala hydroelectric dam on the Mona River" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "17,371 (Ghana); 5,593 (Cote d'Ivoire) (2012)", - "idps": "undetermined (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers; money laundering not a significant problem" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/tn-tunisia.json b/africa/tn-tunisia.json deleted file mode 100644 index e2b25308..00000000 --- a/africa/tn-tunisia.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,606 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Rivalry between French and Italian interests in Tunisia culminated in a French invasion in 1881 and the creation of a protectorate. Agitation for independence in the decades following World War I was finally successful in getting the French to recognize Tunisia as an independent state in 1956. The country's first president, Habib BOURGUIBA, established a strict one-party state. He dominated the country for 31 years, repressing Islamic fundamentalism and establishing rights for women unmatched by any other Arab nation. In November 1987, BOURGUIBA was removed from office and replaced by Zine el Abidine BEN ALI in a bloodless coup. Street protests that began in Tunis in December 2010 over high unemployment, corruption, widespread poverty, and high food prices escalated in January 2011, culminating in rioting that led to hundreds of deaths. On 14 January 2011, the same day BEN ALI dismissed the government, he fled the country, and by late January 2011, a \"national unity government\" was formed. Elections for the new Constituent Assembly were held in late October 2011, and in December, it elected human rights activist Moncef MARZOUKI as interim president. The Assembly began drafting a new constitution in February 2012, and released a second working draft in December 2012. The interim government has proposed presidential and parliamentary elections be held in 2013." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Libya" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "34 00 N, 9 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "163,610 sq km", - "land": "155,360 sq km", - "water": "8,250 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than Georgia" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,424 km", - "border_countries": "Algeria 965 km, Libya 459 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "1,148 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "12 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers; desert in south" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mountains in north; hot, dry central plain; semiarid south merges into the Sahara" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Shatt al Gharsah -17 m", - "highest_point": "Jebel ech Chambi 1,544 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, phosphates, iron ore, lead, zinc, salt" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "17.35%", - "permanent_crops": "14.63%", - "other": "68.02% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "3,970 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "4.6 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "2.85 cu km/yr (14%/4%/82%)", - "per_capita": "295.8 cu m/yr (2001)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "toxic and hazardous waste disposal is ineffective and poses health risks; water pollution from raw sewage; limited natural freshwater resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Marine Life Conservation" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location in central Mediterranean; Malta and Tunisia are discussing the commercial exploitation of the continental shelf between their countries, particularly for oil exploration" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Tunisian(s)", - "adjective": "Tunisian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Arab 98%, European 1%, Jewish and other 1%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Arabic (official, one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce), Berber (Tamazight)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim (Islam - official) 98%, Christian 1%, Jewish and other 1%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "10,835,873 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "23% (male 1,286,781/female 1,206,678)", - "15_24_years": "16.5% (male 899,534/female 890,909)", - "25_54_years": "44.7% (male 2,356,154/female 2,484,023)", - "55_64_years": "8.1% (male 442,983/female 429,767)", - "65_years_and_over": "7.7% (male 411,590/female 427,454) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "43.6 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "33.3 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "10.3 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "9.7 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "31 years", - "male": "30.5 years", - "female": "31.3 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.95% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "17.12 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "5.9 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-1.76 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "66.3% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.34% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "TUNIS (capital) 759,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.95 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.96 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "56 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "24.07 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "27.59 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "20.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "75.46 years", - "male": "73.4 years", - "female": "77.66 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.01 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "63% (2012)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "6.2% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.19 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "2.1 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 84% of population; total: 94% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 16% of population; total: 6% of population (2008 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 96% of population; rural: 64% of population; total: 85% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 4% of population; rural: 36% of population; total: 15% of population (2008 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "less than 0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "2,400 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "22.3% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "3.3% (2006)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "6.2% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "79.1%", - "male": "87.4%", - "female": "71.1% (2010 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "15 years", - "male": "14 years", - "female": "15 years (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "30.7%", - "male": "31.4%", - "female": "29.3% (2005)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Tunisian Republic", - "conventional_short_form": "Tunisia", - "local_long_form": "Al Jumhuriyah at Tunisiyah", - "local_short_form": "Tunis" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Tunis", - "geographic_coordinates": "36 48 N, 10 11 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "24 governorates (wilayat, singular - wilayah); Ariana (Aryanah), Beja (Bajah), Ben Arous (Bin 'Arus), Bizerte (Banzart), Gabes (Qabis), Gafsa (Qafsah), Jendouba (Jundubah), Kairouan (Al Qayrawan), Kasserine (Al Qasrayn), Kebili (Qibili), Kef (Al Kaf), Mahdia (Al Mahdiyah), Manouba (Manubah), Medenine (Madanin), Monastir (Al Munastir), Nabeul (Nabul), Sfax (Safaqis), Sidi Bou Zid (Sidi Bu Zayd), Siliana (Silyanah), Sousse (Susah), Tataouine (Tatawin), Tozeur (Tawzar), Tunis, Zaghouan (Zaghwan)" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "20 March 1956 (from France)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 20 March (1956); Revolution and Youth Day, 14 January (2011)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "note - the Constituent Assembly formed in October 2011 and charged with writing a new constitution completed a draft in April 2013" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil law, based on the French civil code, and Islamic law; some judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court in joint session" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal except for active government security forces (including the police and the military), people with mental disabilities, people who have served more than three months in prison (criminal cases only), and people given a suspended sentence of more than six months" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "note": "Tunisia's interim government was appointed in December 2011 and will remain in power pending drafting of a new constitution and holding of general elections in 2013", - "chief_of_state": "President Moncef MARZOUKI (since 12 December 2011)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Ali LAAREYDH (since 27 February 2013)", - "cabinet": "selected by the prime minister and approved by the Constituent Assembly", - "elections": "president elected by Constituent Assembly; election last held on 12 December 2011(next to be held in 2013); prime minister appointed by the president", - "election_results": "President MARZOUKI elected by Constituent Assembly with 153 of 156 votes" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Constituent Assembly (217 seats); note - the legislative role of the Constituent Assembly remains unclear", - "elections": "initial election of 217 Constituent Assembly members held on 23 October 2011 (next to be held on 23 June 2013)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - al-Nahda 89, CPR 29, Popular Petition 26, FDTL 20, PDP 16, PDM 5, The Initiative 5, Afek Tounes 4, PCOT 3, other minor parties each with fewer than three seats 20" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation (organized into civil and criminal chambers and consists of NA judges) note - drafting of a new constitution was begun in February 2012", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges nominated by the Higher Magistracy Council (also called the Superior Council of the Judiciary), a 7-member body of judges and prosecutors; judges appointed by presidential decree; judge tenure NA", - "subordinate_courts": "Administrative Court; Courts of Appeal; Housing Court; courts of first instance; lower district courts; military courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Afek Tounes [Emna MINF]; Alliance for Tunisia (a coalition of Tunisia's Call [Beji Caid ESSEBSI], Republican Party [Maya JRIBI and Najib CHBBI],Democratic Path [Ahmed BRAHIM]); al-Nahda (The Renaissance) [Rachid GHANNOUCHI]; Congress Party for the Republic or CPR [Moncef MARZOUKI]; Democratic Forum for Labor and Liberties or FDTL (Ettakatol) [Mustapha Ben JAAFAR]; Democratic Modernist Pole or PDM (a coalition); Democratic Socialist Movement or MDS; Et-Tajdid Movement [Ahmed IBRAHIM]; Green Party for Progress or PVP [Mongi KHAMASSI]; Liberal Social Party or PSL [Mondher THABET]; Movement of Socialist Democrats or MDS [Ismail BOULAHYA]; Popular Petition (Aridha Chaabia) [Hachemi HAMDI]; Popular Unity Party or PUP [Mohamed BOUCHIHA]; Progressive Democratic Party or PDP [Maya JERIBI]; The Initiative [Kamel MORJANE] (formerly the Constitutional Democratic Rally or RCD); Tunisian Workers' Communist Party or PCOT [Hamma HAMMAMI]; Unionist Democratic Union or UDU [Ahmed INOUBLI]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "18 October Group [collective leadership]; Tunisian League for Human Rights or LTDH [Mokhtar TRIFI]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BSEC (observer), CD, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Kais DARRAGI", - "chancery": "1515 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 862-1850", - "fax": "[1] (202) 862-1858" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Jake WALLES", - "embassy": "Zone Nord-Est des Berges du Lac Nord de Tunis 1053", - "mailing_address": "use embassy street address", - "telephone": "[216] 71 107-000", - "fax": "[216] 71 963-263" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "red with a white disk in the center bearing a red crescent nearly encircling a red five-pointed star; resembles the Ottoman flag (red banner with white crescent and star) and recalls Tunisia's history as part of the Ottoman Empire; red represents the blood shed by martyrs in the struggle against oppression, white stands for peace; the crescent and star are traditional symbols of Islam", - "note": "the flag is based on that of Turkey, itself a successor state to the Ottoman Empire" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "encircled red star and crescent" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Humat Al Hima\" (Defenders of the Homeland)", - "lyrics_music": "Mustafa Sadik AL-RAFII and Aboul-Qacem ECHEBBI/Mohamad Abdel WAHAB", - "note": "adopted 1957, replaced 1958, restored 1987; Mohamad Abdel WAHAB also composed the music for the anthem of the United Arab Emirates" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Tunisia's diverse, market-oriented economy has long been cited as a success story in Africa and the Middle East, but it faces an array of challenges during the country's ongoing political transition. Following an ill-fated experiment with socialist economic policies in the 1960s, Tunisia embarked on a successful strategy focused on bolstering exports, foreign investment, and tourism, all of which have become central to the country''s economy. Key exports now include textiles and apparel, food products, petroleum products, chemicals, and phosphates, with about 80% of exports bound for Tunisia''s main economic partner, the European Union. Tunisia''s liberal strategy, coupled with investments in education and infrastructure, fueled decades of 4-5% annual GDP growth and improving living standards. Former President (1987-2011) Zine el Abidine BEN ALI continued these policies, but as his reign wore on cronyism and corruption stymied economic performance and unemployment rose among the country''s growing ranks of university graduates. These grievances contributed to the January 2011 overthrow of BEN ALI, sending Tunisia''s economy into a tailspin as tourism and investment declined sharply. As the economy recovers, Tunisia''s government faces challenges reassuring businesses and investors, bringing budget and current account deficits under control, shoring up the country''s financial system, bringing down high unemployment, and reducing economic disparities between the more developed coastal region and the impoverished interior." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$107.1 billion (2012 est.); $103.4 billion (2011 est.); $105.4 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$45.61 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.6% (2012 est.); -1.9% (2011 est.); 3.1% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$9,900 (2012 est.); $9,700 (2011 est.); $10,000 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "22.3% of GDP (2012 est.); 23.2% of GDP (2011 est.); 26.3% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "66.6%", - "government_consumption": "19%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "22.3%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "49.4%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-57.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "8.9%", - "industry": "29.6%", - "services": "61.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "olives, olive oil, grain, tomatoes, citrus fruit, sugar beets, dates, almonds; beef, dairy products" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate and iron ore), tourism, textiles, footwear, agribusiness, beverages" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "3.914 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "18.3%", - "industry": "31.9%", - "services": "49.8% (2009 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "17.4% (2012 est.); 19% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "3.8% (2005 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.3%", - "highest_10%": "31.5% (2000)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "40 (2005 est.); 41.7 (1995 est.)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$11.88 billion", - "expenditures": "$13.08 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "26.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-2.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "46.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 44.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "5.6% (2012 est.); 3.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "5.75% (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "7.31% (31 December 2012 est.); 6.76% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$13.44 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $13.11 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$31.06 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $29.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$36.09 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $34.19 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$9.662 billion (31 December 2011); $10.68 billion (31 December 2010); $9.12 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$3.57 billion (2012 est.); -$3.331 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$17.02 billion (2012 est.); $17.88 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "clothing, semi-finished goods and textiles, agricultural products, mechanical goods, phosphates and chemicals, hydrocarbons, electrical equipment" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "France 26.3%, Italy 16%, Germany 9.4%, Libya 7.9%, US 4.3% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$23.32 billion (2012 est.); $22.62 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "textiles, machinery and equipment, hydrocarbons, chemicals, foodstuffs" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "France 20.2%, Italy 16.9%, Germany 7.5%, China 6.1%, Spain 5.4% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$8.36 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $7.457 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$25.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $22.34 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$33.01 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $31.84 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$285 million (31 December 2012 est.); $285 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Tunisian dinars (TND) per US dollar -; 1.5619 (2012 est.); 1.4078 (2011 est.); 1.4314 (2010 est.); 1.3503 (2009); 1.211 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "14.76 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "12.75 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "81 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "122 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "3.648 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "96.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "1.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "1.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "70,480 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "65,960 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "24,580 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "425 million bbl (1 January 2012 es)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "36,670 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "88,380 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "15,270 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "74,600 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "2.03 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "3.28 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "1.25 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "65.13 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "18.72 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "1.218 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "12.388 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "above the African average and continuing to be upgraded; key centers are Sfax, Sousse, Bizerte, and Tunis; telephone network is completely digitized; Internet access available throughout the country", - "domestic": "in an effort to jumpstart expansion of the fixed-line network, the government has awarded a concession to build and operate a VSAT network with international connectivity; rural areas are served by wireless local loops; competition between the two mobile-cellular service providers has resulted in lower activation and usage charges and a strong surge in subscribership; a third mobile, fixed, and ISP operator was licensed in 2009 and began offering services in 2010; expansion of mobile-cellular services to include multimedia messaging and e-mail and Internet to mobile phone services also leading to a surge in subscribership; overall fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity has reached about 125 telephones per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 216; a landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable system that provides links to Europe, Middle East, and Asia; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria and Libya; participant in Medarabtel; 2 international gateway digital switches (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "broadcast media is mainly government-controlled; the state-run Tunisian Radio and Television Establishment (ERTT) operates 2 national TV networks, several national radio networks, and a number of regional radio stations; 1 TV and 3 radio stations are privately owned and report domestic news stories directly from the official Tunisian news agency; the state retains control of broadcast facilities and transmitters through L'Office National de la Telediffusion; Tunisians also have access to Egyptian, pan-Arab, and European satellite TV channels (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".tn" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "576 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "3.5 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "29 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "15", - "over_3_047_m": "4", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "6", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2", - "914_to_1_523_m": "3 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "14", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "5", - "under_914_m": "8 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "condensate 68 km; gas 3,111 km; oil 1,381 km; refined products 453 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "2,165 km", - "standard_gauge": "471 km 1.435-m gauge", - "narrow_gauge": "1,694 km 1.000-m gauge (65 km electrified) (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "19,232 km", - "paved": "12,655 km (includes 262 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "6,577 km (2006)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "9", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 1, cargo 2, passenger/cargo 4, roll on/roll off 2 (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Bizerte, Gabes, Rades, Sfax, Skhira" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Tunisian Armed Forces (Forces Armees Tunisiens, FAT): Tunisian Army (includes Tunisian Air Defense Force), Tunisian Navy, Republic of Tunisia Air Force (Al-Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Jamahiriyah At'Tunisia) (2012)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "20-23 years of age for compulsory service, one year service obligation; 18-23 years of age for voluntary service; Tunisian nationality required (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,846,572", - "females_age_16_49": "2,952,180 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,397,716", - "females_age_16_49": "2,484,097 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "90,436", - "female": "87,346 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.5% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Tunisia is a source, destination, and possible transit country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; Tunisia's increased number of street children, children working to support their families, and migrants who have fled unrest in neighboring countries are vulnerable to human trafficking; Tunisian women recruited into Lebanon's entertainment industry are forced into prostitution on arrival and other Tunisian women are forced into prostitution in Jordan; some Tunisian girls employed in domestic work are held in conditions of forced labor", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Tunisia does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government continues to maintain that human trafficking is not a widespread problem in Tunisia, which undermines awareness campaigns and does not differentiate human trafficking from migrant smuggling; prior commitments to enact draft anti-trafficking legislation were not fulfilled, and the government has not developed or implemented procedures to identify proactively trafficking victims; the government has assisted an unidentified number of trafficking victims in its shelters for vulnerable groups (2013)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/tz-tanzania.json b/africa/tz-tanzania.json deleted file mode 100644 index e0e34de7..00000000 --- a/africa/tz-tanzania.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,639 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Shortly after achieving independence from Britain in the early 1960s, Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged to form the nation of Tanzania in 1964. One-party rule ended in 1995 with the first democratic elections held in the country since the 1970s. Zanzibar's semi-autonomous status and popular opposition led to two contentious elections since 1995, which the ruling party won despite international observers' claims of voting irregularities. The formation of a government of national unity between Zanzibar's two leading parties succeeded in minimizing electoral tension in 2010." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya and Mozambique" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "6 00 S, 35 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "947,300 sq km", - "land": "885,800 sq km", - "water": "61,500 sq km", - "note": "includes the islands of Mafia, Pemba, and Zanzibar" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than twice the size of California" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "3,861 km", - "border_countries": "Burundi 451 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 459 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217 km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "1,424 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Indian Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Kilimanjaro 5,895 m (highest point in Africa)" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "hydropower, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "12.25%", - "permanent_crops": "1.79%", - "other": "85.96% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "1,843 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "96.27 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "5.18 cu km/yr (10%/0%/89%)", - "per_capita": "144.7 cu m/yr (2002)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season; drought", - "volcanism": "limited volcanic activity; Ol Doinyo Lengai (elev. 2,962 m) has emitted lava in recent years; other historically active volcanoes include Kieyo and Meru" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "soil degradation; deforestation; desertification; destruction of coral reefs threatens marine habitats; recent droughts affected marginal agriculture; wildlife threatened by illegal hunting and trade, especially for ivory" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "Kilimanjaro is the highest point in Africa and one of only two mountains on the continent that has glaciers (the other is Mount Kenya); bordered by three of the largest lakes on the continent: Lake Victoria (the world's second-largest freshwater lake) in the north, Lake Tanganyika (the world's second deepest) in the west, and Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) in the southwest" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Tanzanian(s)", - "adjective": "Tanzanian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "mainland - African 99% (of which 95% are Bantu consisting of more than 130 tribes), other 1% (consisting of Asian, European, and Arab); Zanzibar - Arab, African, mixed Arab and African" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguja (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages", - "note": "Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people living in Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili is Bantu in structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety of sources including Arabic and English; it has become the lingua franca of central and eastern Africa; the first language of most people is one of the local languages" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "mainland - Christian 30%, Muslim 35%, indigenous beliefs 35%; Zanzibar - more than 99% Muslim" - }, - "population": { - "text": "48,261,942 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "44.8% (male 10,913,552/female 10,715,034)", - "15_24_years": "19.4% (male 4,689,483/female 4,694,663)", - "25_54_years": "29.3% (male 7,095,382/female 7,060,506)", - "55_64_years": "3.5% (male 721,769/female 959,008)", - "65_years_and_over": "2.9% (male 610,252/female 802,293) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "92.5 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "86.3 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.2 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "16.2 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "17.3 years", - "male": "17 years", - "female": "17.6 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.82% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "37.25 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "8.41 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "26.7% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "4.77% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "DAR ES SALAAM (capital) 3.207 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.75 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.76 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "19.6", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "460 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "45.1 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "47.13 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "43 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "60.76 years", - "male": "59.48 years", - "female": "62.09 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "5.01 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "34.4% (2009/10)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "6% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.01 physicians/1,000 population (2006)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.7 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 79% of population; rural: 44% of population; total: 53% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 21% of population; rural: 56% of population; total: 47% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 20% of population; rural: 7% of population; total: 10% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 80% of population; rural: 93% of population; total: 90% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "5.6% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "1.4 million (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "86,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria, dengue fever, and Rift Valley fever", - "water_contact_diseases": "schistosomiasis and leptospirosis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "5% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "16.7% (2005)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "6.2% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write Kiswahili (Swahili), English, or Arabic", - "total_population": "67.8%", - "male": "75.5%", - "female": "60.8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "9 years", - "male": "9 years", - "female": "9 years (2012)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "2,815,085", - "percentage": "21 %", - "note": "data represents children ages 5-17 and does not in (2006 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "8.8%", - "male": "7.4%", - "female": "10.1% (2006)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "United Republic of Tanzania", - "conventional_short_form": "Tanzania", - "local_long_form": "Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania", - "local_short_form": "Tanzania", - "former": "United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Dar es Salaam", - "geographic_coordinates": "6 48 S, 39 17 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "note": "legislative offices have been transferred to Dodoma, which is planned as the new national capital, and the National Assembly now meets there on a regular basis; the Executive Branch with all ministries and diplomatic representation remains located in Dar es Salaam" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "30 regions; Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Geita, Iringa, Kagera, Kaskazini Pemba (Pemba North), Kaskazini Unguja (Zanzibar North), Katavi, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Kusini Pemba (Pemba South), Kusini Unguja (Zanzibar Central/South), Lindi, Manyara, Mara, Mbeya, Mjini Magharibi (Zanzibar Urban/West), Morogoro, Mtwara, Mwanza, Njombe, Pwani (Coast), Rukwa, Ruvuma, Shinyanga, Simiyu, Singida, Tabora, Tanga" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "26 April 1964; Tanganyika became independent on 9 December 1961 (from UK-administered UN trusteeship); Zanzibar became independent on 10 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with Zanzibar on 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania on 29 October 1964" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Union Day (Tanganyika and Zanzibar), 26 April (1964)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "English common law; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Jakaya KIKWETE (since 21 December 2005); Vice President Mohammed Gharib BILAL (since 6 November 2010); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Jakaya KIKWETE (since 21 December 2005); Vice President Mohammed Gharib BILAL (since 6 November 2010)", - "note": "Zanzibar elects a president who is head of government for matters internal to Zanzibar; Ali Mohamed SHEIN elected to that office on 31 October 2010, sworn in 3 November 2010", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly", - "elections": "president and vice president elected on the same ballot by popular vote for five-year terms (eligible for a second term); election last held on 31 October 2010 (next to be held in 2015); prime minister appointed by the president", - "election_results": "Jakaya KIKWETE elected president; percent of vote - Jakaya KIKWETE 61.2%, Willibrod SLAA 26.3%, Ibrahim LIPUMBA 8.1%, other 4.4%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Bunge (357 seats; 239 members elected by popular vote, 102 allocated to women nominated by the president, 5 to members of the Zanzibar House of Representatives; members serve five-year terms, up to 10 additional members appointed by the president, 1 seat reserved for the Attorney General); note - in addition to enacting laws that apply to the entire United Republic of Tanzania, the Assembly enacts laws that apply only to the mainland; Zanzibar has its own House of Representatives with jurisdiction exclusive to Zanzibar (the Zanzibar House of Representatives has 50 seats; members elected by universal suffrage to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 31 October 2010 (next to be held in 2015)", - "election_results": "National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CCM 259, CHADEMA 48, CUF 34, NCCR-M 4, other 7, Zanzibar representatives 5; Zanzibar House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CCM 28, CUF 22" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Court of Appeal of the United Republic of Tanzania (consists of the chief justice and 14 justices); High Court of the United Republic for Mainland Tanzania (consists of the principal judge and 30 judges organized into commercial, land, and labor courts); High Court of Zanzibar (consists of the chief justice and NA judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Court of Appeal and High Court justices appointed by the national president after consultation with the Judicial Service Commission for Tanzania, a judicial body of high level judges and 2 members appointed by the national president; Court of Appeal and High Court judges appointed until mandatory retirement at age 60 but can extended; High Court of Zanzibar judges appointed by the national president after consultation with the Judicial Commission of Zanzibar; judge tenure NA", - "subordinate_courts": "Resident Magistrates Courts; Kadhi courts (for Islamic family matters); district and primary courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Party of Democracy and Development) or CHADEMA [Willibrod SLAA]; Chama Cha Mapinduzi or CCM (Revolutionary Party) [Jakaya Mrisho KIKWETE]; Civic United Front or CUF [Ibrahim LIPUMBA]; Democratic Party or DP [Christopher MTIKLA] (unregistered); National Convention for Construction and Reform - Mageuzi or NCCR-M [Hashim RUNGWE]; Tanzania Labor Party or TLP [Mutamwega MUGAHWYA]; United Democratic Party or UDP [Fahma DOVUTWA]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Economic and Social Research Foundation or ESRF; Free Zanzibar; Tanzania Media Women's Association or TAMWA" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, EAC, EADB, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Liberata Rutageruka MULAMULA", - "chancery": "1232 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20037", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 939-6125", - "fax": "[1] (202) 797-7408" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Alfonso E. LENHARDT", - "embassy": "686 Old Bagamoyo Road, Msasani, Dar es Salaam", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 9123, Dar es Salaam", - "telephone": "[255] (22) 229-4000", - "fax": "[255] (22) 229-4970 or 4971" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is blue; the banner combines colors found on the flags of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; green represents the natural vegetation of the country, gold its rich mineral deposits, black the native Swahili people, and blue the country's many lakes and rivers, as well as the Indian Ocean" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Uhuru (Freedom) torch" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Mungu ibariki Afrika\" (God Bless Africa)", - "lyrics_music": "collective/Enoch Mankayi SONTONGA", - "note": "adopted 1961; the anthem, which is also a popular song in Africa, shares the same melody with that of Zambia, but has different lyrics; the melody is also incorporated into South Africa's anthem" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Tanzania is one of the world's poorest economies in terms of per capita income, however, it has achieved high overall growth rates based on gold production and tourism. Tanzania has largely completed its transition to a liberalized market economy, though the government retains a presence in sectors such as telecommunications, banking, energy, and mining. The economy depends on agriculture, which accounts for more than one-quarter of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs about 80% of the work force. The World Bank, the IMF, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's aging economic infrastructure, including rail and port infrastructure that are important trade links for inland countries. Recent banking reforms have helped increase private-sector growth and investment, and the government has increased spending on agriculture to 7% of its budget. The financial sector in Tanzania has expanded in recent years and foreign-owned banks account for about 48% of the banking industry''s total assets. Competition among foreign commercial banks has resulted in significant improvements in the efficiency and quality of financial services, though interest rates are still relatively high, reflecting high fraud risk. All land in Tanzania is owned by the government, which can lease land for up to 99 years. Proposed reforms to allow for land ownership, particularly foreign land ownership, remain unpopular. Continued donor assistance and solid macroeconomic policies supported a positive growth rate, despite the world recession. In 2008, Tanzania received the world''s largest Millennium Challenge Compact grant, worth $698 million, and in December 2012 the Millennium Challenge Corporation selected Tanzania for a second Compact. Dar es Salaam used fiscal stimulus and loosened monetary policy to ease the impact of the global recession. GDP growth in 2009-12 was a respectable 6% per year due to high gold prices and increased production." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$75.07 billion (2012 est.); $70.26 billion (2011 est.); $66 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$28.25 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "6.9% (2012 est.); 6.4% (2011 est.); 7% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$1,600 (2012 est.); $1,500 (2011 est.); $1,500 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "25.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 17.6% of GDP (2011 est.); 20.1% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "63.9%", - "government_consumption": "21.5%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "36.9%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.4%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "40%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-62.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "27.7%", - "industry": "25.1%", - "services": "47.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), cashew nuts, tobacco, cloves, corn, wheat, cassava (tapioca), bananas, fruits, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine); mining (diamonds, gold, and iron), salt, soda ash; cement, oil refining, shoes, apparel, wood products, fertilizer" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "6.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "24.75 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "80%", - "industry_and_services": "20% (2002 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "36% (2002 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.8%", - "highest_10%": "29.6% (2007)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "37.6 (2007); 34.6 (2000)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$5.571 billion", - "expenditures": "$6.706 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "19.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "36.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 40.4% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 July - 30 June" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "16.1% (2012 est.); 12.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "8.25% (31 December 2010 est.); 3.7% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "15.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 14.96% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$4.143 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.471 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$8.285 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $7.568 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$7.03 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.665 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$1.539 billion (31 December 2011); $1.264 billion (31 December 2010); $1.293 billion (31 December 2008)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$3.946 billion (2012 est.); -$3.872 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$5.997 billion (2012 est.); $5.098 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "gold, coffee, cashew nuts, manufactures, cotton" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "India 14.1%, China 11%, Japan 6.1%, Germany 5%, UAE 4.9% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$10.33 billion (2012 est.); $9.828 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "consumer goods, machinery and transportation equipment, industrial raw materials, crude oil" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 21.1%, India 16.1%, Kenya 6.6%, South Africa 5.6%, UAE 4.8% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$4.053 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.726 billion (31 December 2011 est.)", - "note": "excludes gold" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$11.58 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $10.04 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Tanzanian shillings (TZS) per US dollar -; 1,583 (2012 est.); 1,572.1 (2011 est.); 1,409.3 (2010 est.); 1,320.3 (2009); 1,178.1 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "4.489 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "3.589 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2008 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "957,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "39.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "60.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 es)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "43,310 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "32,680 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "780 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "780 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "6.513 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "7.566 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "161,100 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "25.666 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "telecommunications services are marginal; system operating below capacity and being modernized for better service; small aperture terminal (VSAT) system under construction", - "domestic": "fixed-line telephone network inadequate with less than 1 connection per 100 persons; mobile-cellular service, aided by multiple providers, is increasing rapidly and in 2011 exceeded a subscriber base of 50 telephones per 100 persons; trunk service provided by open-wire, microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and fiber-optic cable; some links being made digital", - "international": "country code - 255; landing point for the EASSy fiber-optic submarine cable system linking East Africa with Europe and North America; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean, 1 Atlantic Ocean) (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "a state-owned TV station and multiple privately owned TV stations; state-owned national radio station supplemented by more than 40 privately owned radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".tz" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "26,074 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "678,000 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "166 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "10", - "over_3_047_m": "2", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "4", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "156", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "24", - "914_to_1_523_m": "98", - "under_914_m": "33 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 311 km; oil 891 km; refined products 8 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "3,689 km", - "narrow_gauge": "969 km 1.067-m gauge; 2,720 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "91,049 km", - "paved": "6,578 km", - "unpaved": "84,471 km (2007)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "(Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, and Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) are the principal avenues of commerce with neighboring countries; the rivers are not navigable) (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "94", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 6, cargo 66, carrier 4, chemical tanker 1, container 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 10, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 3", - "foreign_owned": "42 (Japan 1, Romania 1, Saudi Arabia 1, Syria 23, Turkey 13, UAE 3)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "3 (Panama 2, UK 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar" - }, - "transportation_note": { - "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports that shipping in territorial and offshore waters in the Indian Ocean remain at risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships, especially as Somali-based pirates extend their activities south; numerous commercial vessels have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; crews have been robbed and stores or cargoes stolen" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Tanzania People's Defense Force (Jeshi la Wananchi la Tanzania, JWTZ): Army, Naval Wing (includes Coast Guard), Air Defense Command (includes Air Wing), National Service (2007)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "9,985,445 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "5,860,339", - "females_age_16_49": "5,882,279 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "512,294", - "female": "514,164 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.9% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Tanzania still hosts more than a half million refugees, more than any other African country, mainly from Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, despite the international community's efforts at repatriation; disputes with Malawi over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and the meandering Songwe River remain dormant" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "63,330 (Democratic Republic of the Congo); 35,343 (Burundi) (2012)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Tanzania is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; the exploitation of young girls in domestic servitude continues to be Tanzania's largest human trafficking problem; Tanzanian boys are subject to forced labor mainly on farms but also in mines, in the commercial service sector, in the sex trade, and possibly on small fishing boats; internal trafficking is more prevalent than transnational trafficking and is usually facilitated by friends, family members, or intermediaries offering education or legitimate job opportunities; trafficking victims from Burundi, Kenya, Bangladesh, Nepal, Yemen, and India are to work in Tanzania's agricultural, mining, and domestic service sectors or may be sex trafficked", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Tanzania does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; law enforcement made modest anti-trafficking efforts but imposed punishments on offenders that were inadequate for the seriousness of the crimes committed; key victim protection provisions of the 2008 anti-trafficking act remain unimplemented; the government continues to refer child trafficking victims to NGOs for care but has no procedure for the referral of adult victims; the national anti-trafficking action plan has not been implemented; no public awareness campaigns about the dangers of trafficking are conducted (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "targeted by traffickers moving hashish, Afghan heroin, and South American cocaine transported down the East African coastline, through airports, or overland through Central Africa; Zanzibar likely used by traffickers for drug smuggling; traffickers in the past have recruited Tanzanian couriers to move drugs through Iran into East Asia" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/ug-uganda.json b/africa/ug-uganda.json deleted file mode 100644 index d2474885..00000000 --- a/africa/ug-uganda.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,613 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The colonial boundaries created by Britain to delimit Uganda grouped together a wide range of ethnic groups with different political systems and cultures. These differences prevented the establishment of a working political community after independence was achieved in 1962. The dictatorial regime of Idi AMIN (1971-79) was responsible for the deaths of some 300,000 opponents; guerrilla war and human rights abuses under Milton OBOTE (1980-85) claimed at least another 100,000 lives. The rule of Yoweri MUSEVENI since 1986 has brought relative stability and economic growth to Uganda. A constitutional referendum in 2005 cancelled a 19-year ban on multi-party politics." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "East-Central Africa, west of Kenya, east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "1 00 N, 32 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "241,038 sq km", - "land": "197,100 sq km", - "water": "43,938 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Oregon" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "2,698 km", - "border_countries": "Democratic Republic of the Congo 765 km, Kenya 933 km, Rwanda 169 km, South Sudan 435 km, Tanzania 396 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly plateau with rim of mountains" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Lake Albert 621 m", - "highest_point": "Margherita Peak on Mount Stanley 5,110 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "copper, cobalt, hydropower, limestone, salt, arable land, gold" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "27.94%", - "permanent_crops": "9.11%", - "other": "62.95% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "144.2 sq km (2010)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "66 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.32 cu km/yr (41%/16%/43%)", - "per_capita": "12.31 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "draining of wetlands for agricultural use; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; widespread poaching" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Environmental Modification" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; fertile, well-watered country with many lakes and rivers" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Ugandan(s)", - "adjective": "Ugandan" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Baganda 16.9%, Banyankole 9.5%, Basoga 8.4%, Bakiga 6.9%, Iteso 6.4%, Langi 6.1%, Acholi 4.7%, Bagisu 4.6%, Lugbara 4.2%, Bunyoro 2.7%, other 29.6% (2002 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "English (official national language, taught in grade schools, used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages, preferred for native language publications in the capital and may be taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 41.9%, Protestant 42% (Anglican 35.9%, Pentecostal 4.6%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.5%), Muslim 12.1%, other 3.1%, none 0.9% (2002 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "34,758,809 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "48.9% (male 8,467,172/female 8,519,723)", - "15_24_years": "21.2% (male 3,658,564/female 3,707,462)", - "25_54_years": "25.5% (male 4,431,852/female 4,432,393)", - "55_64_years": "2.3% (male 383,364/female 427,512)", - "65_years_and_over": "2.1% (male 323,508/female 407,259) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "103.3 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "98.4 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "4.9 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "20.3 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "15.5 years", - "male": "15.4 years", - "female": "15.5 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.32% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "44.5 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "11.26 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.01 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "15.6% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "5.74% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "KAMPALA (capital) 1.535 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.89 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.8 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "18.9", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2011 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "310 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "62.47 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "72 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "52.66 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "53.98 years", - "male": "52.65 years", - "female": "55.35 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "6.06 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "30% (2011)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "9% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.12 physicians/1,000 population (2005)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.5 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 95% of population; rural: 68% of population; total: 72% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 5% of population; rural: 32% of population; total: 28% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 34% of population; rural: 34% of population; total: 34% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 66% of population; rural: 66% of population; total: 66% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "6.5% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "1.2 million (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "64,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria, dengue fever, and trypanosomiasis-Gambiense (African sleeping sickness)", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "4.3% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "16.4% (2006)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "3.3% of GDP (2012)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "73.2%", - "male": "82.6%", - "female": "64.6% (2010 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "11 years", - "male": "11 years", - "female": "11 years (2009)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "117,266", - "percentage": "25 %", - "note": "data represents children ages 5-17 working in the (2010 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "5.4% (2009)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Uganda", - "conventional_short_form": "Uganda" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Kampala", - "geographic_coordinates": "0 19 N, 32 33 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "111 districts and 1 capital city*; Abim, Adjumani, Agago, Alebtong, Amolatar, Amudat, Amuria, Amuru, Apac, Arua, Budaka, Bududa, Bugiri, Buhweju, Buikwe, Bukedea, Bukomansimbi, Bukwa, Bulambuli, Bulisa, Bundibugyo, Bushenyi, Busia, Butaleja, Butambala, Buvuma, Buyende, Dokolo, Gomba, Gulu, Hoima, Ibanda, Iganga, Isingiro, Jinja, Kaabong, Kabale, Kabarole, Kaberamaido, Kalangala, Kaliro, Kalungu, Kampala*, Kamuli, Kamwenge, Kanungu, Kapchorwa, Kasese, Katakwi, Kayunga, Kibale, Kiboga, Kibuku, Kiruhura, Kiryandongo, Kisoro, Kitgum, Koboko, Kole, Kotido, Kumi, Kween, Kyankwanzi, Kyegegwa, Kyenjojo, Lamwo, Lira, Luuka, Luwero, Lwengo, Lyantonde, Manafwa, Maracha, Masaka, Masindi, Mayuge, Mbale, Mbarara, Mitoma, Mityana, Moroto, Moyo, Mpigi, Mubende, Mukono, Nakapiripirit, Nakaseke, Nakasongola, Namayingo, Namutumba, Napak, Nebbi, Ngora, Ntoroko, Ntungamo, Nwoya, Otuke, Oyam, Pader, Pallisa, Rakai, Rubirizi, Rukungiri, Sembabule, Serere, Sheema, Sironko, Soroti, Tororo, Wakiso, Yumbe, Zombo" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "9 October 1962 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 9 October (1962)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "8 October 1995; amended 2005", - "note": "the amendments in 2005 removed presidential term limits and legalized a multiparty political system" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power on 26 January 1986); Vice President Edward SSEKANDI (since 24 May 2011) note - the president is both chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power on 26 January 1986); Prime Minister Amama MBABAZI (since 24 May 2011); note - the prime minister assists the president in the supervision of the cabinet", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president from among elected legislators", - "elections": "president reelected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held on 18 February 2011 (next to be held in 2016)", - "election_results": "Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI elected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI 68.4%, Kizza BESIGYE 26.0%, other 5.6%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly (375 seats; 238 members elected by popular vote, 112 women directly elected, 25 nominated by legally established special interest groups [army 10, disabled 5, youth 5, labor 5], additional ex-officio members may be nominated by the president; members serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 18 February 2011 (next to be held in 2016)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NRM 263, FDC 34, DP 12, UPC 10, UPDF 10, CP 1, JEEMA 1, independents 43, vacant 1; note - UPDF is the Uganda People's Defense Force" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Uganda (consists of the chief justice and 5 justices)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "justices appointed by the president in consultation with the Judicial Service Commission (a 9-member independent advisory body) and with approval of the National Assembly; justices serve until mandatory retirement at age 70", - "subordinate_courts": "Court of Appeal (also sits as the Constitutional Court); High Court (includes 10 High Court Circuits and 7 High Court Divisions); Chief Magistrate Grade One and Grade Two Courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Conservative Party or CP [Ken LUKYAMUZI]; Democratic Party or DP [Norbert MAO]; Forum for Democratic Change or FDC [Muntu MUGISHA]; Inter-Party Co-operation or IPC (a coalition of opposition groups); Justice Forum or JEEMA [Asuman BASALIRWA]; National Resistance Movement or NRM [Yoweri MUSEVENI]; Peoples Progressive Party or PPP [Bidandi SSALI]; Ugandan People's Congress or UPC [Olara OTUNNU]; ", - "note": "a national referendum in July 2005 opened the way for Uganda's transition to a multi-party political system" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Lord's Resistance Army or LRA [Joseph KONY]; Parliamentary Advocacy Forum or PAFO; National Association of Women Organizations in Uganda or NAWOU [Florence NEKYON]; The Ugandan Coalition for Political Accountability to Women or COPAW" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Oliver WONEKHA", - "chancery": "5911 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 726-7100 through 7102, 0416", - "fax": "[1] (202) 726-1727" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Scott H. DELISI", - "embassy": "1577 Ggaba Road, Kampala", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 7007, Kampala", - "telephone": "[256] (414) 259 791 through 93, 95", - "fax": "[256] (414) 259-794" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow, red, black, yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center and depicts a grey crowned crane (the national symbol) facing the hoist side; black symbolizes the African people, yellow sunshine and vitality, red African brotherhood; the crane was the military badge of Ugandan soldiers under the UK" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "grey crowned crane" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Oh Uganda, Land of Beauty!\"", - "lyrics_music": "George Wilberforce KAKOMOA", - "note": "adopted 1962" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, small deposits of copper, gold, and other minerals, and recently discovered oil. Uganda has never conducted a national minerals survey. Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing over 80% of the work force. Coffee accounts for the bulk of export revenues. Since 1986, the government - with the support of foreign countries and international agencies - has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing prices of petroleum products, and improving civil service wages. The policy changes are especially aimed at dampening inflation and boosting production and export earnings. Since 1990 economic reforms ushered in an era of solid economic growth based on continued investment in infrastructure, improved incentives for production and exports, lower inflation, better domestic security, and the return of exiled Indian-Ugandan entrepreneurs. Uganda has received about $2 billion in multilateral and bilateral debt relief. In 2007 Uganda received $10 million for a Millennium Challenge Account Threshold Program. The global economic downturn hurt Uganda's exports; however, Uganda's GDP growth has largely recovered due to past reforms and sound management of the downturn. Oil revenues and taxes will become a larger source of government funding as oil comes on line in the next few years. Rising food and fuel prices in 2011 led to protests. Instability in South Sudan is a risk for the Ugandan economy because Uganda''s main export partner is Sudan, and Uganda is a key destination for Sudanese refugees. Unreliable power, high energy costs, inadequate transportation infrastructure, and corruption inhibit economic development and investor confidence." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$51.27 billion (2012 est.); $49.98 billion (2011 est.); $46.86 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$21 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.6% (2012 est.); 6.7% (2011 est.); 5.6% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$1,400 (2012 est.); $1,400 (2011 est.); $1,400 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "14.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 13% of GDP (2011 est.); 12.5% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "86.3%", - "government_consumption": "8.7%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "24.6%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.2%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "21.2%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-41% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "24.2%", - "industry": "26.5%", - "services": "49.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco, cassava (tapioca), potatoes, corn, millet, pulses, cut flowers; beef, goat meat, milk, poultry" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles; cement, steel production" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "16.49 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "82%", - "industry": "5%", - "services": "13% (1999 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "24.5% (2009 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.4%", - "highest_10%": "36.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "44.3 (2009); 45.7 (2002)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$3.102 billion", - "expenditures": "$3.705 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "14.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-2.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "27.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 27.7% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 July - 30 June" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "14% (2012 est.); 18.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "14% (31 December 2010 est.); 9.65% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "26.16% (31 December 2012 est.); 21.83% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$2.015 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.831 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$4.162 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $4.058 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$3.042 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.927 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$7.727 billion (31 December 2011); $1.788 billion (31 December 2010); $3.745 billion (31 December 2010)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$2.28 billion (2012 est.); -$1.631 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$2.804 billion (2012 est.); $2.519 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "coffee, fish and fish products, tea, cotton, flowers, horticultural products; gold" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Kenya 12.8%, Rwanda 10.7%, UAE 9.9%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 9.7%, Netherlands 5.7%, Germany 5.2%, Italy 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$5.187 billion (2012 est.); $4.997 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "capital equipment, vehicles, petroleum, medical supplies; cereals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Kenya 16.6%, UAE 14.5%, China 12.3%, India 11.3%, South Africa 4.2% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$3.169 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.617 billion (31 December 2011 est.)", - "note": "excludes gold" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$4.514 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.858 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Ugandan shillings (UGX) per US dollar -; 2,505.6 (2012 est.); 2,522.8 (2011 est.); 2,177.6 (2010 est.); 2,030 (2009); 1,658.1 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "2.445 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "2.217 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "75 million kWh (2010)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "29 million kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "529,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "37.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "59.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "2.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "1 billion bbl (1 January 2010 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "16,930 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "23,950 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "14.16 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "2.014 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "464,800 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "16.697 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "mobile cellular service is increasing rapidly, but the number of main lines is still deficient; work underway on a national backbone information and communications technology infrastructure; international phone networks and Internet connectivity provided through satellite and VSAT applications", - "domestic": "intercity traffic by wire, microwave radio relay, and radiotelephone communication stations, fixed and mobile-cellular systems for short-range traffic; mobile-cellular teledensity about 50 per 100 persons in 2010", - "international": "country code - 256; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Inmarsat; analog links to Kenya and Tanzania (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "public broadcaster, Uganda Broadcasting Corporation (UBC), operates radio and TV networks; Uganda first began licensing privately owned stations in the 1990s; by 2007 there were nearly 150 radio and 35 TV stations, mostly based in and around Kampala; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available in Kampala (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ug" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "32,683 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "3.2 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "47 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "5", - "over_3_047_m": "3", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "42", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "8", - "914_to_1_523_m": "26", - "under_914_m": "7 (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "1,244 km", - "narrow_gauge": "1,244 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "70,746 km", - "paved": "16,272 km", - "unpaved": "54,474 km (2003)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "(there are no long navigable stretches of river in Uganda; parts of the Albert Nile that flow out of Lake Albert in the northwestern part of the country are navigable; several lakes including Lake Victoria and Lake Kyoga have substantial traffic; Lake Albert is navigable along a 200-km stretch from its northern tip to its southern shores) (2011)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Entebbe, Jinja, Port Bell" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Uganda People's Defense Force (UPDF): Land Forces (includes Marine Unit), Uganda Air Force (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-26 years of age for voluntary military duty; 18-30 years of age for professionals; no conscription; 9-year service obligation; the government has stated that while recruitment under 18 years of age could occur with proper consent, \"no person under the apparent age of 18 years shall be enrolled in the armed forces\"; Ugandan citizenship and secondary education required (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "7,249,271", - "females_age_16_49": "7,025,439 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "4,313,068", - "females_age_16_49": "4,200,901 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "423,923", - "female": "420,236 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.8% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Uganda is subject to armed fighting among hostile ethnic groups, rebels, armed gangs, militias, and various government forces that extend across its borders; Ugandan refugees as well as members of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) seek shelter in southern Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Garamba National Park; LRA forces have also attacked Kenyan villages across the border" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "127,021 (Democratic Republic of Congo); 14,684 (Rwanda); 11,135 (South Sudan); 10,728 (Burundi); 7,910 (Sudan) (2012); 18,253 (Somalia) (2013)", - "idps": "30,000 (displacement in northern Uganda because of fighting between government forces and the Lord's Resistance Army; as of 2011, most of the 1.8 million people displaced to IDP camps at the height of the conflict had returned home or resettled, but many had not found durable solutions) (2011)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/za-south-africa.json b/africa/za-south-africa.json deleted file mode 100644 index 836296f1..00000000 --- a/africa/za-south-africa.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,632 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Dutch traders landed at the southern tip of modern day South Africa in 1652 and established a stopover point on the spice route between the Netherlands and the Far East, founding the city of Cape Town. After the British seized the Cape of Good Hope area in 1806, many of the Dutch settlers (the Boers) trekked north to found their own republics. The discovery of diamonds (1867) and gold (1886) spurred wealth and immigration and intensified the subjugation of the native inhabitants. The Boers resisted British encroachments but were defeated in the Boer War (1899-1902); however, the British and the Afrikaners, as the Boers became known, ruled together beginning in 1910 under the Union of South Africa, which became a republic in 1961 after a whites-only referendum. In 1948, the National Party was voted into power and instituted a policy of apartheid - the separate development of the races - which favored the white minority at the expense of the black majority. The African National Congress (ANC) led the opposition to apartheid and many top ANC leaders, such as Nelson MANDELA, spent decades in South Africa's prisons. Internal protests and insurgency, as well as boycotts by some Western nations and institutions, led to the regime's eventual willingness to negotiate a peaceful transition to majority rule. The first multi-racial elections in 1994 brought an end to apartheid and ushered in majority rule under an ANC-led government. South Africa since then has struggled to address apartheid-era imbalances in decent housing, education, and health care. ANC infighting, which has grown in recent years, came to a head in September 2008 when President Thabo MBEKI resigned, and Kgalema MOTLANTHE, the party's General-Secretary, succeeded him as interim president. Jacob ZUMA became president after the ANC won general elections in April 2009." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southern Africa, at the southern tip of the continent of Africa" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "29 00 S, 24 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "1,219,090 sq km", - "land": "1,214,470 sq km", - "water": "4,620 sq km", - "note": "includes Prince Edward Islands (Marion Island and Prince Edward Island)" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly less than twice the size of Texas" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "4,862 km", - "border_countries": "Botswana 1,840 km, Lesotho 909 km, Mozambique 491 km, Namibia 967 km, Swaziland 430 km, Zimbabwe 225 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "2,798 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to edge of the continental margin" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "mostly semiarid; subtropical along east coast; sunny days, cool nights" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "vast interior plateau rimmed by rugged hills and narrow coastal plain" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Njesuthi 3,408 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "gold, chromium, antimony, coal, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, tin, rare earth elements, uranium, gem diamonds, platinum, copper, vanadium, salt, natural gas" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "9.87%", - "permanent_crops": "0.34%", - "other": "89.79% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "16,700 sq km (2012)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "51.4 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "12.5 cu km/yr (36%/7%/57%)", - "per_capita": "271.7 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "prolonged droughts", - "volcanism": "the volcano forming Marion Island in the Prince Edward Islands, which last erupted in 2004, is South Africa's only active volcano" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "lack of important arterial rivers or lakes requires extensive water conservation and control measures; growth in water usage outpacing supply; pollution of rivers from agricultural runoff and urban discharge; air pollution resulting in acid rain; soil erosion; desertification" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "South Africa completely surrounds Lesotho and almost completely surrounds Swaziland" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "South African(s)", - "adjective": "South African" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "black African 79%, white 9.6%, colored 8.9%, Indian/Asian 2.5% (2001 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "IsiZulu (official) 23.82%, IsiXhosa (official) 17.64%, Afrikaans (official) 13.35%, Sepedi (offcial) 9.39%, English (official) 8.2%, Setswana (official) 8.2%, Sesotho (official) 7.93%, Xitsonga (official) 4.44%, siSwati (official) 2.66%, Tshivenda (official) 2.28%, isiNdebele (official) 1.59%, other 0.5% (2001 census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Protestant 36.6% (Zionist Christian 11.1%, Pentecostal/Charismatic 8.2%, Methodist 6.8%, Dutch Reformed 6.7%, Anglican 3.8%), Catholic 7.1%, Muslim 1.5%, other Christian 36%, other 2.3%, unspecified 1.4%, none 15.1% (2001 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "48,601,098 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "28.3% (male 6,909,066/female 6,866,163)", - "15_24_years": "20.6% (male 5,041,412/female 4,960,190)", - "25_54_years": "38.1% (male 9,561,452/female 8,948,398)", - "55_64_years": "6.9% (male 1,450,420/female 1,916,960)", - "65_years_and_over": "6.1% (male 1,177,999/female 1,769,038) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "53.9 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "45.4 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "8.5 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "11.7 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "25.5 years", - "male": "25.2 years", - "female": "25.8 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.45% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "19.14 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "17.36 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-6.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population", - "note": "there is an increasing flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa and Botswana in search of better economic opportunities (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "62% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.21% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "Johannesburg 3.607 million; Cape Town 3.353 million; Ekurhuleni (East Rand) 3.144 million; Durban 2.837 million; PRETORIA (capital) 1.404 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.76 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.67 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "22.5 (2003 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "300 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "42.15 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "45.9 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "38.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "49.48 years", - "male": "50.43 years", - "female": "48.51 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.25 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "59.9% (2003/04)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "8.9% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.77 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "2.84 beds/1,000 population (2005)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 79% of population; total: 91% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 21% of population; total: 9% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 86% of population; rural: 67% of population; total: 79% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 14% of population; rural: 33% of population; total: 21% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "17.8% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "5.6 million (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "310,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "intermediate", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "31.3% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "11.6% (2005)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "6% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "93%", - "male": "93.9%", - "female": "92.2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "13 years", - "male": "13 years", - "female": "13 years (2004)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "49.8%", - "male": "45.4%", - "female": "55% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of South Africa", - "conventional_short_form": "South Africa", - "former": "Union of South Africa", - "abbreviation": "RSA" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Pretoria (administrative capital)", - "geographic_coordinates": "25 42 S, 28 13 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "note": "Cape Town (legislative capital); Bloemfontein (judicial capital)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "9 provinces; Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape, North-West, Western Cape" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "31 May 1910 (Union of South Africa formed from four British colonies: Cape Colony, Natal, Transvaal, and Orange Free State); 31 May 1961 (republic declared); 27 April 1994 (majority rule)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Freedom Day, 27 April (1994)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "10 December 1996; note - certified by the Constitutional Court 4 December 1996; was signed by then President MANDELA 10 December 1996; and entered into effect 4 February 1997" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of Roman-Dutch civil law, English common law, and customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Jacob ZUMA (since 9 May 2009); Deputy President Kgalema MOTLANTHE (since 11 May 2009); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Jacob ZUMA (since 9 May 2009); Deputy President Kgalema MOTLANTHE (since 11 May 2009)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president", - "elections": "president elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 6 May 2009 (next to be held in 2014)", - "election_results": "Jacob ZUMA elected president; National Assembly vote - Jacob ZUMA 277, Mvume DANDALA 47, other 76" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consisting of the National Council of Provinces (90 seats; 10 members elected by each of the nine provincial legislatures for five-year terms; has special powers to protect regional interests, including the safeguarding of cultural and linguistic traditions among ethnic minorities) and the National Assembly (400 seats; members elected by popular vote under a system of proportional representation to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "National Assembly and National Council of Provinces - last held on 22 April 2009 (next to be held in April 2014)", - "election_results": "National Council of Provinces - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - ANC 65.9%, DA 16.7%, COPE 7.4%, IFP 4.6%, other 5.4%; seats by party - ANC 264, DA 67, COPE 30, IFP 18, other 21" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Appeals (consists of the court president, deputy president, and 21 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of the chief and deputy chief justices and 9 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court of Appeals president and vice-president appointed by the national president after consultation with the Joint Services Commission (JSC), a 22-member body of judicial and other government officials, and a law academics; other Supreme Court judges appointed by the national president on the advice of the JSC and hold office until discharged from active service in terms of an Act of Parliament; Constitutional Court chief and deputy chief justices appointed by the national president after consultation with the JSC and with heads of the National Assembly; other Constitutional Court judges appointed by the national president after consultation with the chief justice and leaders of the National Assembly; Constitutional Court judges appointed for 12-year non-renewable terms or until age 70", - "subordinate_courts": "High Courts; Magistrates' Courts; labor courts; land claims courts;" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "African Christian Democratic Party or ACDP [Kenneth MESHOE]; African National Congress or ANC [Jacob ZUMA]; Congress of the People or COPE [Mosiuoa LEKOTA]; Democratic Alliance or DA [Helen ZILLE]; Freedom Front Plus or FF+ [Pieter MULDER]; Inkatha Freedom Party or IFP [Mangosuthu BUTHELEZI]; Pan-Africanist Congress or PAC [Motsoko PHEKO]; United Christian Democratic Party or UCDP [Lucas MANGOPE]; United Democratic Movement or UDM [Bantu HOLOMISA]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Congress of South African Trade Unions or COSATU [Zwelinzima VAVI, general secretary]; South African Communist Party or SACP [Blade NZIMANDE, general secretary]; South African National Civics Organization or SANCO [Mlungisi HLONGWANE, national president]; ", - "note": "COSATU and SACP are in a formal alliance with the ANC" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BIS, BRICS, C, CD, FAO, FATF, G-20, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, NSG, OECD (Enhanced Engagement, OPCW, Paris Club (associate), PCA, SACU, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNSC (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Ebrahim RASOOL", - "chancery": "3051 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 232-4400", - "fax": "[1] (202) 265-1607", - "consulates_general": "Chicago, Los Angeles, New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Donald H. GIPS", - "embassy": "877 Pretorius Street, Pretoria", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 9536, Pretoria 0001", - "telephone": "[27] (12) 431-4000", - "fax": "[27] (12) 342-2299", - "consulates_general": "Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "two equal width horizontal bands of red (top) and blue separated by a central green band that splits into a horizontal Y, the arms of which end at the corners of the hoist side; the Y embraces a black isosceles triangle from which the arms are separated by narrow yellow bands; the red and blue bands are separated from the green band and its arms by narrow white stripes; the flag colors do not have any official symbolism, but the Y stands for the \"convergence of diverse elements within South African society, taking the road ahead in unity\"; black, yellow, and green are found on the flag of the African National Congress, while red, white, and blue are the colors in the flags of the Netherlands and the UK, whose settlers ruled South Africa during the colonial era", - "note": "the South African flag is one of only two national flags to display six colors as part of its primary design, the other is South Sudan's" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "springbok antelope" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"National Anthem of South Africa\"", - "lyrics_music": "Enoch SONTONGA and Cornelius Jacob LANGENHOVEN/Enoch SONTONGA and Marthinus LOURENS de Villiers", - "note": "adopted 1994; the anthem is a combination of \"N'kosi Sikelel' iAfrica\" (God Bless Africa) and \"Die Stem van Suid Afrika\" (The Call of South Africa), which were respectively the anthems of the non-white and white communities under apartheid; the official lyrics contain a mixture of Xhosa, Zulu, Sesotho, Afrikaans, and English; the music incorporates the melody used in the Tanzanian and Zambian anthems" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "South Africa is a middle-income, emerging market with an abundant supply of natural resources; well-developed financial, legal, communications, energy, and transport sectors and a stock exchange that is the 15th largest in the world. Even though the country possesses modern infrastructure that support a relatively efficient distribution of goods to major urban centers throughout the region, some components retard growth. The economy began to slow in the second half of 2007 due to an electricity crisis. State power supplier Eskom encountered problems with aging plants and meeting electricity demand necessitating \"load-shedding\" cuts in 2007 and 2008 to residents and businesses in the major cities. Subsequently, the global financial crisis reduced commodity prices and world demand. GDP fell nearly 2% in 2009 but has recovered since then. Unemployment, poverty, and inequality remain a challenge, with official unemployment at nearly 25% of the work force. Eskom has built two new power stations and installed new power demand management programs to improve power grid reliability. South Africa's economic policy has focused on controlling inflation, however, the country has had significant budget deficits that restrict its ability to deal with pressing economic problems. The current government faces growing pressure from special interest groups to use state-owned enterprises to deliver basic services to low-income areas and to increase job growth." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$592 billion (2012 est.); $577.3 billion (2011 est.); $558 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$384.3 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.5% (2012 est.); 3.5% (2011 est.); 3.1% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$11,600 (2012 est.); $11,400 (2011 est.); $11,200 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "13.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 16.1% of GDP (2011 est.); 16.4% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "60.4%", - "government_consumption": "22.4%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "19.2%", - "investment_in_inventories": "1%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "28.3%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-31.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "2.6%", - "industry": "29.3%", - "services": "68.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; beef, poultry, mutton, wool, dairy products" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "mining (world's largest producer of platinum, gold, chromium), automobile assembly, metalworking, machinery, textiles, iron and steel, chemicals, fertilizer, foodstuffs, commercial ship repair" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "18.06 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "9%", - "industry": "26%", - "services": "65% (2007 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "22.7% (2012 est.); 24.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "31.3% (2009 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1.2%", - "highest_10%": "51.7% (2009 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "63.1 (2005); 59.3 (1994)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$99.56 billion", - "expenditures": "$117.8 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "25.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-4.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "40% of GDP (2012 est.); 39.2% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 April - 31 March" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "5.7% (2012 est.); 5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "5% (31 December 2012); 7% (31 December 2009)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "8.75% (31 December 2012 est.); 9% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$122 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $117.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$277 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $314.1 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$298.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $284.7 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$1.038 trillion (31 December 2012); $855.7 billion (31 December 2011); $1.013 trillion (31 December 2010)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$21.33 billion (2012 est.); -$13.68 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$100.7 billion (2012 est.); $102.9 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "gold, diamonds, platinum, other metals and minerals, machinery and equipment" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "China 14.5%, US 7.9%, Japan 5.7%, Germany 5.5%, India 4.5%, UK 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$105 billion (2012 est.); $100.4 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum products, scientific instruments, foodstuffs" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 14.9%, Germany 10.1%, US 7.3%, Saudi Arabia 7.2%, India 4.6%, Japan 4.5% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$50.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $48.87 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$137.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $113.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$139.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $134.4 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$78.25 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $78.53 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "rand (ZAR) per US dollar -; 8.2031 (2012 est.); 7.2597 (2011 est.); 7.3212 (2010 est.); 8.42 (2009); 7.9576 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "257.9 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "234.2 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "15.04 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "10.06 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "44.26 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "90.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "4.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "1.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "169,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "402,300 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "15 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "516,100 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "590,900 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "49,430 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "60,290 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "970 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "4.01 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "3.04 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "27.16 million cu m (1 January 2006 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "465.1 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "4.127 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "64 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "the system is the best developed and most modern in Africa", - "domestic": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 140 telephones per 100 persons; consists of carrier-equipped open-wire lines, coaxial cables, microwave radio relay links, fiber-optic cable, radiotelephone communication stations, and wireless local loops; key centers are Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg, Port Elizabeth, and Pretoria", - "international": "country code - 27; the SAT-3/WASC and SAFE fiber-optic submarine cable systems connect South Africa to Europe and Asia; the EASSy fiber-optic cable system connects with Europe and North America; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 2 Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) operates 4 TV stations, 3 are free-to-air and 1 is pay TV; e.tv, a private station, is accessible to more than half the population; multiple subscription TV services provide a mix of local and international channels; well developed mix of public and private radio stations at the national, regional, and local levels; the SABC radio network, state-owned and controlled but nominally independent, operates 18 stations, one for each of the 11 official languages, 4 community stations, and 3 commercial stations; more than 100 community-based stations extend coverage to rural areas (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".za" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "4.761 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "4.42 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "566 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "144", - "over_3_047_m": "11", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "7", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "52", - "914_to_1_523_m": "65", - "under_914_m": "9 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "422", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "31", - "914_to_1_523_m": "258", - "under_914_m": "132 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "condensate 94 km; gas 1,293 km; oil 992 km; refined products 1,460 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "20,192 km", - "narrow_gauge": "19,756 km 1.065-m gauge (8,271 km electrified); 122 km 0.750-m gauge; 314 km 0.610-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "362,099 km", - "paved": "73,506 km (includes 239 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "288,593 km (2002)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "3", - "by_type": "petroleum tanker 3", - "registered_in_other_countries": "19 (Australia 1, Isle of Man 2, Mexico 1, NZ 1, Seychelles 1, Singapore 13) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Cape Town, Durban, Port Elizabeth, Richards Bay, Saldanha Bay" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "South African National Defense Force (SANDF): South African Army, South African Navy (SAN), South African Air Force (SAAF), South African Military Health Services (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; women are eligible to serve in noncombat roles; 2-year service obligation (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "13,439,781", - "females_age_16_49": "12,473,641 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "7,617,063", - "females_age_16_49": "6,476,264 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "482,122", - "female": "485,017 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.7% of GDP (2006)" - }, - "military_note": { - "text": "with the end of apartheid and the establishment of majority rule, former military, black homelands forces, and ex-opposition forces were integrated into the South African National Defense Force (SANDF); as of 2003 the integration process was considered complete" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique to control smuggling, poaching, and illegal migration; the governments of South Africa and Namibia have not signed or ratified the text of the 1994 Surveyor's General agreement placing the boundary in the middle of the Orange River" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "17,864 (Somalia); 13,386 (Democratic Republic of Congo); 5,805 (Angola); 5,538 (Ethiopia) (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transshipment center for heroin, hashish, and cocaine, as well as a major cultivator of marijuana in its own right; cocaine and heroin consumption on the rise; world's largest market for illicit methaqualone, usually imported illegally from India through various east African countries, but increasingly producing its own synthetic drugs for domestic consumption; attractive venue for money launderers given the increasing level of organized criminal and narcotics activity in the region and the size of the South African economy" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/zm-zambia.json b/africa/zm-zambia.json deleted file mode 100644 index cd84eb24..00000000 --- a/africa/zm-zambia.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,617 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The territory of Northern Rhodesia was administered by the [British] South Africa Company from 1891 until it was taken over by the UK in 1923. During the 1920s and 1930s, advances in mining spurred development and immigration. The name was changed to Zambia upon independence in 1964. In the 1980s and 1990s, declining copper prices, economic mismanagement and a prolonged drought hurt the economy. Elections in 1991 brought an end to one-party rule, but the subsequent vote in 1996 saw blatant harassment of opposition parties. The election in 2001 was marked by administrative problems with three parties filing a legal petition challenging the election of ruling party candidate Levy MWANAWASA. MWANAWASA was reelected in 2006 in an election that was deemed free and fair. Upon his abrupt death in August 2008, he was succeeded by his vice president, Rupiah BANDA, who subsequently won a special presidential byelection in October 2008. Michael SATA was elected president in September 2011." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southern Africa, east of Angola, south of the Democratic Republic of the Congo" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "15 00 S, 30 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "752,618 sq km", - "land": "743,398 sq km", - "water": "9,220 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than Texas" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "5,664 km", - "border_countries": "Angola 1,110 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,930 km, Malawi 837 km, Mozambique 419 km, Namibia 233 km, Tanzania 338 km, Zimbabwe 797 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Zambezi river 329 m", - "highest_point": "unnamed elevation in Mafinga Hills 2,301 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds, gold, silver, uranium, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "4.52%", - "permanent_crops": "0.05%", - "other": "95.44% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "1,559 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "105.2 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "1.57 cu km/yr (18%/8%/73%)", - "per_capita": "147 cu m/yr (2002)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "periodic drought; tropical storms (November to April)" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "air pollution and resulting acid rain in the mineral extraction and refining region; chemical runoff into watersheds; poaching seriously threatens rhinoceros, elephant, antelope, and large cat populations; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; lack of adequate water treatment presents human health risks" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; the Zambezi forms a natural riverine boundary with Zimbabwe; Lake Kariba on the Zambia-Zimbabwe border forms the world's largest reservoir by volume (180 cu km; 43 cu mi)" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Zambian(s)", - "adjective": "Zambian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "African 99.5% (includes Bemba, Tonga, Chewa, Lozi, Nsenga, Tumbuka, Ngoni, Lala, Kaonde, Lunda, and other African groups), other 0.5% (includes Europeans, Asians, and Americans) (2000 Census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "11 Bantu languages (Bemba (official) 30.1%, Nyanja (official) 10.7%, Tonga (official) 10.6%, Lozi (official) 5.7%, Chewa 4.9%, Nsenga 3.4%, Tumbuka 2.5%, Lunda (official) 2.2%, Kaonde (official) 2%, Lala 2%, Luvale (official) 1.7%), English (official) 1.7%, other 22.5% (2000 Census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Christian 50%-75%, Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, indigenous beliefs 1%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "14,222,233 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "46.2% (male 3,300,339/female 3,271,389)", - "15_24_years": "20% (male 1,423,026/female 1,425,654)", - "25_54_years": "28.5% (male 2,042,023/female 2,009,511)", - "55_64_years": "2.9% (male 193,758/female 213,927)", - "65_years_and_over": "2.4% (male 147,705/female 194,901) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "97 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "91.8 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.2 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "19.4 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "16.7 years", - "male": "16.5 years", - "female": "16.8 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.89% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "42.79 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "13.17 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.75 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "39.2% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "4.15% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "LUSAKA (capital) 1.413 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.92 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.75 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "19.2 (2007 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "440 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "68.58 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "74.16 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "62.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "51.51 years", - "male": "49.93 years", - "female": "53.14 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "5.81 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "40.8% (2007)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "5.9% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.06 physicians/1,000 population (2006)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "2 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 87% of population; rural: 46% of population; total: 61% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 13% of population; rural: 54% of population; total: 39% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 57% of population; rural: 43% of population; total: 48% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 43% of population; rural: 57% of population; total: 52% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "13.5% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "980,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "45,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "3.6% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "14.9% (2007)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "1.4% of GDP (2008)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write English", - "total_population": "61.4%", - "male": "71.9%", - "female": "51.8% (2007 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "7 years", - "male": "8 years", - "female": "7 years (2000)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "1,000,850", - "percentage": "41 %", - "note": "data represents children ages 7-14 (2005 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "23.4% (2005)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Zambia", - "conventional_short_form": "Zambia", - "former": "Northern Rhodesia" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Lusaka", - "geographic_coordinates": "15 25 S, 28 17 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "10 provinces; Central, Copperbelt, Eastern, Luapula, Lusaka, Muchinga, Northern, North-Western, Southern, Western" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "24 October 1964 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 24 October (1964)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "24 August 1991; amended in 1996 to establish presidential term limits" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Michael Chilufya SATA (since 23 September 2011); Vice President Guy SCOTT (since 30 September 2011); the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Michael Chilufya SATA (since 23 September 2011); Vice President Guy SCOTT (since 30 September 2011)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 20 September 2011 (next to be held in 2016); vice president appointed by the president", - "election_results": "Michael Chilufya SATA elected president; percent of vote - Michael SATA 43.3%, Rupiah BANDA 36.2%, Hakainde HICHILEMA 18.5%, other 2.0%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly (158 seats; 150 members are elected by popular vote, 8 members appointed by the president, to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 20 September 2011 (next to be held in 2016)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PF 60, MMD 55, UPND 28, ADD 1, FDD 1, independents 3; seats not determined 2" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of 9 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the president and ratified by the National Assembly; judge tenure NA", - "subordinate_courts": "High Court; magistrate's courts and local courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Alliance for Democracy and Development or ADD [Charles MILUPI]; Forum for Democracy and Development or FDD [Edith NAWAKWI]; Heritage Party or HP [Godfrey MIYANDA]; Movement for Multiparty Democracy or MMD [Nevers MUMBA]; National Restoration Party or NAREP [Elias CHIPIMO]; Party of Unity for Democracy and Development or PUDD [Dan PULE]; Patriotic Front or PF [Michael SATA]; United National Independence Party or UNIP [Tilyenji KAUNDA]; United Party for National Development or UPND [Hakainde HICHILEMA]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Palan MULONDA", - "chancery": "2419 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 265-9717 through 9719", - "fax": "[1] (202) 332-0826" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Mark C. STORELLA", - "embassy": "Ibex Hill, Lusaka", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 31617, Lusaka", - "telephone": "[260] (0) (211) 357-000", - "fax": "[260] (0) (211) 357-224" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "green field with a panel of three vertical bands of red (hoist side), black, and orange below a soaring orange eagle, on the outer edge of the flag; green stands for the country's natural resources and vegetation, red symbolizes the struggle for freedom, black the people of Zambia, and orange the country's mineral wealth; the eagle represents the people's ability to rise above the nation's problems" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "African fish eagle" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Lumbanyeni Zambia\" (Stand and Sing of Zambia, Proud and Free)", - "lyrics_music": "multiple/Enoch Mankayi SONTONGA", - "note": "adopted 1964; the melody, from the popular song \"God Bless Africa,\" is the same as that of Tanzania but with different lyrics; the melody is also incorporated into South Africa's anthem" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Zambia's economy has experienced strong growth in recent years, with real GDP growth in 2005-12 more than 6% per year. Privatization of government-owned copper mines in the 1990s relieved the government from covering mammoth losses generated by the industry and greatly increased copper mining output and profitability to spur economic growth. Copper output has increased steadily since 2004, due to higher copper prices and foreign investment. In 2005, Zambia qualified for debt relief under the Highly Indebted Poor Country Initiative, consisting of approximately US$6 billion in debt relief. Poverty remains a significant problem in Zambia, despite a stronger economy. Zambia's dependency on copper makes it vulnerable to depressed commodity prices, but record high copper prices and a bumper maize crop in 2010 helped Zambia rebound quickly from the world economic slowdown that began in 2008. Zambia has made some strides to improve the ease of doing business. A high birth rate, relatively high HIV/AIDS burden, and market distorting agricultural policies have meant that Zambia''s economic growth has not dramatically decreased the stubbornly high poverty rate." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$24.36 billion (2012 est.); $22.7 billion (2011 est.); $21.24 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$20.52 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "7.3% (2012 est.); 6.8% (2011 est.); 7.6% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$1,700 (2012 est.); $1,700 (2011 est.); $1,600 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "15.3% of GDP (2012 est.); 21% of GDP (2011 est.); 26.4% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "59.5%", - "government_consumption": "26%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "19.5%", - "investment_in_inventories": "1.1%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "36.6%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-42.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "20.4%", - "industry": "33.2%", - "services": "46.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "corn, sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower seed, vegetables, flowers, tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca), coffee; cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, milk, eggs, hides" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "copper mining and processing, construction, foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, fertilizer, horticulture" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "4.9% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "5.956 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "85%", - "industry": "6%", - "services": "9% (2004)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "14% (2006 est.); 50% (2000 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "64% (2006)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1.2%", - "highest_10%": "38.8% (2004)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "50.8 (2004); 52.6 (1998)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$4.256 billion", - "expenditures": "$5.256 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "20.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-4.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "33.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 29.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "6.6% (2012 est.); 8.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "8.39% (31 December 2009); 14.49% (31 December 2008)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "12.14% (31 December 2012 est.); 18.84% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$2.187 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.631 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$4.906 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.075 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$3.836 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.293 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$4.009 billion (31 December 2011); $2.817 billion (31 December 2010); $2.804 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$1.048 billion (2012 est.); $215 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$8.589 billion (2012 est.); $8.672 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "copper/cobalt, cobalt, electricity; tobacco, flowers, cotton" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "China 42.2%, South Africa 7.2%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 7.2%, South Korea 5.3%, India 4.5%, Egypt 4.5%, UAE 4.4% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$7.361 billion (2012 est.); $6.454 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, electricity, fertilizer, foodstuffs, clothing" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "South Africa 36.2%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 21.3%, China 10.1%, Kuwait 5.7% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$3.042 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.324 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$5.048 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.36 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Zambian kwacha (ZMK) per US dollar -; 5.1 (2012 est.); 4.9 (2011 est.); 4,797.1 (2010 est.); 5,046.1 (2009); 3,512.9 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "10.2 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "7.704 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "110 million kWh (2010)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "33 million kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "1.679 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "0.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "99.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "10,790 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "9,664 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "19,260 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "21.18 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "17,570 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "2.416 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "85,700 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "8.165 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "among the best in sub-Saharan Africa", - "domestic": "high-capacity microwave radio relay connects most larger towns and cities; several cellular telephone services in operation and network coverage is improving; domestic satellite system being installed to improve telephone service in rural areas; Internet service is widely available; very small aperture terminal (VSAT) networks are operated by private firms", - "international": "country code - 260; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean), 3 owned by Zamtel (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-owned Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) operates 1 TV station and is the principal local-content provider; several private TV stations; multi-channel subscription TV services are available; ZNBC operates 3 radio networks; about 2 dozen private radio stations; relays of at least 2 international broadcasters are accessible in Lusaka and Kitwe (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".zm" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "16,571 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "816,200 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "88 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "8", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "3", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "80", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "5", - "914_to_1_523_m": "53", - "under_914_m": "21 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "oil 771 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "2,157 km", - "narrow_gauge": "2,157 km 1.067-m gauge", - "note": "includes 891 km of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA) (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "91,440 km", - "paved": "20,117 km", - "unpaved": "71,323 km (2001)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "2,250 km (includes Lake Tanganyika and the Zambezi and Luapula rivers) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Mpulungu" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Zambian National Defense Force (ZNDF): Zambia Army, Zambia Air Force, National Service (paramilitary youth organization) (2012)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "national registration required at age 16; 18-25 years of age for male and female voluntary military service (16 years of age with parental consent); no conscription; Zambian citizenship required; grade 12 certification required; mandatory HIV testing on enlistment; mandatory retirement for officers at age 65 (Army, Air Force) (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "3,041,069", - "females_age_16_49": "2,948,291 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,745,656", - "females_age_16_49": "1,688,670 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "158,592", - "female": "158,805 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.8% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "in 2004, Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "14,871 (Democratic Republic of the Congo); 5,963 (Rwanda) (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transshipment point for moderate amounts of methaqualone, small amounts of heroin, and cocaine bound for southern Africa and possibly Europe; a poorly developed financial infrastructure coupled with a government commitment to combating money laundering make it an unattractive venue for money launderers; major consumer of cannabis" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/zw-zimbabwe.json b/africa/zw-zimbabwe.json deleted file mode 100644 index c20c63ba..00000000 --- a/africa/zw-zimbabwe.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,615 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The UK annexed Southern Rhodesia from the [British] South Africa Company in 1923. A 1961 constitution was formulated that favored whites in power. In 1965 the government unilaterally declared its independence, but the UK did not recognize the act and demanded more complete voting rights for the black African majority in the country (then called Rhodesia). UN sanctions and a guerrilla uprising finally led to free elections in 1979 and independence (as Zimbabwe) in 1980. Robert MUGABE, the nation's first prime minister, has been the country's only ruler (as president since 1987) and has dominated the country's political system since independence. His chaotic land redistribution campaign, which began in 2000, caused an exodus of white farmers, crippled the economy, and ushered in widespread shortages of basic commodities. Ignoring international condemnation, MUGABE rigged the 2002 presidential election to ensure his reelection. In April 2005, the capital city of Harare embarked on Operation Restore Order, ostensibly an urban rationalization program, which resulted in the destruction of the homes or businesses of 700,000 mostly poor supporters of the opposition. President MUGABE in June 2007 instituted price controls on all basic commodities causing panic buying and leaving store shelves empty for months. General elections held in March 2008 contained irregularities but still amounted to a censure of the ZANU-PF-led government with the opposition winning a majority of seats in parliament. MDC opposition leader Morgan TSVANGIRAI won the most votes in the presidential polls, but not enough to win outright. In the lead up to a run-off election in late June 2008, considerable violence enacted against opposition party members led to the withdrawal of TSVANGIRAI from the ballot. Extensive evidence of violence and intimidation resulted in international condemnation of the process. Difficult negotiations over a power-sharing government, in which MUGABE remained president and TSVANGIRAI became prime minister, were finally settled in February 2009, although the leaders failed to agree upon many key outstanding governmental issues. MUGABE was reelected president in June 2013 in balloting that was severely flawed and internationally condemned." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southern Africa, between South Africa and Zambia" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "20 00 S, 30 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Africa" - }, - "area": { - "total": "390,757 sq km", - "land": "386,847 sq km", - "water": "3,910 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than Montana" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "3,066 km", - "border_countries": "Botswana 813 km, Mozambique 1,231 km, South Africa 225 km, Zambia 797 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to March)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high veld); mountains in east" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "junction of the Runde and Save Rivers 162 m", - "highest_point": "Inyangani 2,592 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron ore, vanadium, lithium, tin, platinum group metals" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "10.49%", - "permanent_crops": "0.31%", - "other": "89.2% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "1,735 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "20 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "4.21 cu km/yr (14%/7%/79%)", - "per_capita": "333.5 cu m/yr (2002)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation; soil erosion; land degradation; air and water pollution; the black rhinoceros herd - once the largest concentration of the species in the world - has been significantly reduced by poaching; poor mining practices have led to toxic waste and heavy metal pollution" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; the Zambezi forms a natural riverine boundary with Zambia; in full flood (February-April) the massive Victoria Falls on the river forms the world's largest curtain of falling water; Lake Kariba on the Zambia-Zimbabwe border forms the world's largest reservoir by volume (180 cu km; 43 cu mi)" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Zimbabwean(s)", - "adjective": "Zimbabwean" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "African 98% (Shona 82%, Ndebele 14%, other 2%), mixed and Asian 1%, white less than 1%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "English (official), Shona, Sindebele (the language of the Ndebele, sometimes called Ndebele), numerous but minor tribal dialects" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs) 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs 24%, Muslim and other 1%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "13,182,908 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "39.4% (male 2,623,606/female 2,570,028)", - "15_24_years": "22.5% (male 1,472,186/female 1,493,816)", - "25_54_years": "30.8% (male 2,039,943/female 2,018,589)", - "55_64_years": "3.7% (male 176,951/female 311,113)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.6% (male 193,147/female 283,529) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "76.4 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "69.6 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.8 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "14.7 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "19.5 years", - "male": "19 years", - "female": "20 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "4.38% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "32.41 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "11.4 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "22.76 migrant(s)/1,000 population", - "note": "there is an increasing flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa and Botswana in search of better economic opportunities (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "38.6% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "3.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "HARARE (capital) 1.606 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "0.95 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.95 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.57 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.7 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.95 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "20.5", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2011 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "570 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "27.25 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "29.63 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "24.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "53.86 years", - "male": "53.79 years", - "female": "53.93 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "3.58 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "58.5% (2010/11)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.16 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.7 beds/1,000 population (2011)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 69% of population; total: 80% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 31% of population; total: 20% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 52% of population; rural: 32% of population; total: 40% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 48% of population; rural: 68% of population; total: 60% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "14.3% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "1.2 million (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "83,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "7% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "10.1% (2011)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "2.5% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write English", - "total_population": "83.6%", - "male": "87.8%", - "female": "80.1% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "9 years", - "male": "10 years", - "female": "9 years (2003)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "7.6%", - "male": "7.6%", - "female": "7.6% (2004)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Zimbabwe", - "conventional_short_form": "Zimbabwe", - "former": "Southern Rhodesia, Rhodesia" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary democracy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Harare", - "geographic_coordinates": "17 49 S, 31 02 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "8 provinces and 2 cities* with provincial status; Bulawayo*, Harare*, Manicaland, Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland East, Mashonaland West, Masvingo, Matabeleland North, Matabeleland South, Midlands" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "18 April 1980 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 18 April (1980)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "21 December 1979" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law, Roman-Dutch civil law, and customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Vice President Joice MUJURU (since 6 December 2004) and Vice President John Landa NKOMO (since December 2009)", - "head_of_government": "Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987) note - according to the new constitution, following the 31 July 2013 presidential elections the position of Prime Minister was abolished", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly", - "elections": "presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); elections last held on 31 July 2013 (next to be held in 2018); co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership", - "election_results": "Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 61.1%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 34.4%, Welshman NCUBE 2.7% other 1.8%; note - the election process was considered flawed and roundly criticised by election monitors and international bodies" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of a Senate (93 seats - 60 members elected by popular vote for a five-year term, 10 provincial governors nominated by the president, 16 traditional chiefs elected by the Council of Chiefs, 2 seats held by the president and deputy president of the Council of Chiefs, and 5 members appointed by the president) and a House of Assembly (210 seats - members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 31 July 2013 (next to be held in 2018)", - "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ZANU-PF 37 MDC 23; House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ZANU-PF 160, MDC 49, other 1" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 4 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the president upon recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission, an independent body consisting of the chief justice, Public Service Commission chairman, attorney general, and 2-3 members appointed by the president; judges normally serve until age 65, but can elect to serve until age 70", - "subordinate_courts": "High Court, regional magistrate courts, and special courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "African National Party or ANP [Egypt DZINEMUNHENZVA]; Movement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai or MDC-T [Morgan TSVANGIRAI]; Movement for Democratic Change - Ncube or MDC-N [Welshman NCUBE]; Peace Action is Freedom for All or PAFA; United Parties [Abel MUZOREWA]; United People's Party or UPP [Daniel SHUMBA]; Zimbabwe African National Union-Ndonga or ZANU-Ndonga [Wilson KUMBULA]; Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front or ZANU-PF [Robert Gabriel MUGABE]; Zimbabwe African Peoples Union or ZAPU [Dumiso DABENGWA]; Zimbabwe Youth in Alliance or ZIYA" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Crisis in Zimbabwe Coalition; National Constitutional Assembly or NCA [Lovemore MADHUKU]; Women of Zimbabwe Arise or WOZA [Jenny WILLIAMS]; Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions or ZCTU [Wellington CHIBEBE]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Machivenyika MAPURANGA", - "chancery": "1608 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 332-7100", - "fax": "[1] (202) 483-9326" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador David Bruce WHARTON", - "embassy": "172 Herbert Chitepo Avenue, Harare", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 3340, Harare", - "telephone": "[263] (4) 250-593 through 250-594", - "fax": "[263] (4) 796-488, or 722-618" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "seven equal horizontal bands of green, yellow, red, black, red, yellow, and green with a white isosceles triangle edged in black with its base on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe bird representing the long history of the country is superimposed on a red five-pointed star in the center of the triangle, which symbolizes peace; green represents agriculture, yellow mineral wealth, red the blood shed to achieve independence, and black stands for the native people" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Zimbabwe bird symbol; African fish eagle" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Kalibusiswe Ilizwe leZimbabwe\" [Northern Ndebele language] \"Simudzai Mureza WeZimbabwe\" [Shona] (Blessed Be the Land of Zimbabwe)", - "lyrics_music": "Solomon MUTSWAIRO/Fred Lecture CHANGUNDEGA", - "note": "adopted 1994" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Zimbabwe's economy is growing despite continuing political uncertainty. Following a decade of contraction from 1998 to 2008, Zimbabwe's economy recorded real growth of more than 9% per year in 2010-11, before slowing to 5% in 2012, due in part to a poor harvest and low diamond revenues. However, the government of Zimbabwe still faces a number of difficult economic problems, including infrastructure and regulatory deficiencies, ongoing indigenization pressure, policy uncertainty, a large external debt burden, and insufficient formal employment. Zimbabwe''s 1998-2002 involvement in the war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo drained hundreds of millions of dollars from the economy. The government''s subsequent land reform program, characterized by chaos and violence, badly damaged the commercial farming sector, the traditional source of exports and foreign exchange and the provider of 400,000 jobs, turning Zimbabwe into a net importer of food products. Until early 2009, the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe routinely printed money to fund the budget deficit, causing hyperinflation. Dollarization in early 2009 - which allowed currencies such as the Botswana pula, the South Africa rand, and the US dollar to be used locally - ended hyperinflation and reduced inflation to about 10%, but exposed structural weaknesses that continue to inhibit broad-based growth." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$7.366 billion (2012 est.); $7.054 billion (2011 est.); $6.38 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$9.802 billion", - "note": "in 2009, the Zimbabwean dollar was taken out of circulation, making Zimbabwe's GDP at the official exchange rate a highly inaccurate statistic (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "4.4% (2012 est.); 10.6% (2011 est.); 9.6% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$600 (2012 est.); $500 (2011 est.); $500 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "68%", - "government_consumption": "29.4%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "21.9%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "67.9%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-87.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "20.3%", - "industry": "25.1%", - "services": "54.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "corn, cotton, tobacco, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, peanuts; sheep, goats, pigs" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "mining (coal, gold, platinum, copper, nickel, tin, diamonds, clay, numerous metallic and nonmetallic ores), steel; wood products, cement, chemicals, fertilizer, clothing and footwear, foodstuffs, beverages" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "4.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "3.931 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "66%", - "industry": "10%", - "services": "24% (1996)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "95% (2009 est.); 80% (2005 est.)", - "note": "figures reflect underemployment; true unemployment is unknown and, under current economic conditions, unknowable" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "68% (2004)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2%", - "highest_10%": "40.4% (1995)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "50.1 (2006); 50.1 (1995)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$NA", - "expenditures": "$NA" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "NA% of GDP" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "NA% of GDP" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "187.3% of GDP (2012 est.); 180.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "8.2% (2012 est.); 5.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "7.17% (31 December 2010 est.); 975% (31 December 2007)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "30% (31 December 2012 est.); 34% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$12.27 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.586 billion (31 December 2011 est.)", - "note": "Zimbabwe's central bank no longer publishes data on monetary aggregates, except for bank deposits, which amounted to $2.1 billion in November 2010; the Zimbabwe dollar stopped circulating in early 2009; since then, the US dollar and South African rand have been the most frequently used currencies; there are no reliable estimates of the amount of foreign currency circulating in Zimbabwe" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$11 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $22.71 billion (31 December 2012 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$9.844 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.289 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$10.9 billion (31 December 2011); $11.48 billion (31 December 2010); $3.83 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$521.9 million (2012 est.); -$621.5 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$3.314 billion (2012 est.); $2.932 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "platinum, cotton, tobacco, gold, ferroalloys, textiles/clothing" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "China 20.4%, South Africa 14.9%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 12.9%, Botswana 11.5%, Italy 4.4% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$4.569 billion (2012 est.); $4.272 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and transport equipment, other manufactures, chemicals, fuels, food products" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "South Africa 51.2%, China 9.7% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$575.6 million (31 December 2012 est.); $660.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$8.767 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.276 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Zimbabwean dollars (ZWD) per US dollar -; 234.25 (2010); 234.25 (2009); 9,686.8 (2007)", - "note": "the dollar was adopted as a legal currency in 2009; since then the Zimbabwean dollar has experienced hyperinflation and is essentially worthless" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "7.615 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "12.54 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "53 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "5.497 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "2.005 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "66.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "33.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "19,030 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "13,140 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "8.493 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "356,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "9.2 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "system was once one of the best in Africa, but now suffers from poor maintenance", - "domestic": "consists of microwave radio relay links, open-wire lines, radiotelephone communication stations, fixed wireless local loop installations, and a substantial mobile-cellular network; Internet connection is available in Harare and planned for all major towns and for some of the smaller ones", - "international": "country code - 263; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat; 2 international digital gateway exchanges (in Harare and Gweru) (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "government owns all local radio and TV stations; foreign shortwave broadcasts and satellite TV are available to those who can afford antennas and receivers; in rural areas, access to TV broadcasts is extremely limited (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".zw" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "30,615 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "1.423 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "196 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "17", - "over_3_047_m": "3", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "5", - "914_to_1_523_m": "7 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "179", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", - "914_to_1_523_m": "104", - "under_914_m": "72 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "refined products 270 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "3,427 km", - "narrow_gauge": "3,427 km 1.067-m gauge (313 km electrified) (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "97,267 km", - "paved": "18,481 km", - "unpaved": "78,786 km (2002)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "(some navigation possible on Lake Kariba) (2011)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Binga, Kariba" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Zimbabwe Defense Forces (ZDF): Zimbabwe National Army (ZNA), Air Force of Zimbabwe (AFZ) (2012)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-24 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; women are eligible to serve (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,616,051", - "females_age_16_49": "2,868,376 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,528,166", - "females_age_16_49": "1,646,041 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "154,870", - "female": "152,550 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "3.8% of GDP (2006)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Namibia has supported, and in 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections to, plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river; South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique to control smuggling, poaching, and illegal migration" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "idps": "undetermined (political violence, human rights violations, land reform, and economic collapse) (2012)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Zimbabwe is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; Zimbabwean women and girls from towns bordering South Africa, Mozambique, and Zambia are subjected to prostitution, sometimes being sold by their parents; Zimbabwean men, women, and children are subjected to forced labor in agriculture and domestic service in rural areas, as well as domestic servitude and sex trafficking in cities and towns; Zimbabwean women and men are lured into exploitative labor situations in Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, the United Arab Emirates, Malaysia, Nigeria, and South Africa with false job offers, while women and girls are lured to China, Egypt, the UK, and Canada and forced into prostitution; adults and children from Bangladesh, Somalia, India, Pakistan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, and Zambia are trafficked through Zimbabwe en route to South Africa", - "tier_rating": "Tier 3 - Zimbabwe does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; tangible efforts to investigate and prosecute trafficking offenses, including those allegedly involving government officials, and to protect victims remain minimal; the government continues to rely on an international organization to provide law enforcement training and on NGOs to identify and assist victims without government support for such work; a national trafficking awareness campaign was launched in November 2012 (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transit point for cannabis and South Asian heroin, mandrax, and methamphetamines en route to South Africa" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/asia/af-afghanistan.json b/asia/af-afghanistan.json deleted file mode 100644 index 76e55b87..00000000 --- a/asia/af-afghanistan.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,611 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Ahmad Shah DURRANI unified the Pashtun tribes and founded Afghanistan in 1747. The country served as a buffer between the British and Russian Empires until it won independence from notional British control in 1919. A brief experiment in democracy ended in a 1973 coup and a 1978 communist counter-coup. The Soviet Union invaded in 1979 to support the tottering Afghan communist regime, touching off a long and destructive war. The USSR withdrew in 1989 under relentless pressure by internationally supported anti-communist mujahedin rebels. A series of subsequent civil wars saw Kabul finally fall in 1996 to the Taliban, a hardline Pakistani-sponsored movement that emerged in 1994 to end the country's civil war and anarchy. Following the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks, a US, Allied, and anti-Taliban Northern Alliance military action toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama BIN LADIN. The UN-sponsored Bonn Conference in 2001 established a process for political reconstruction that included the adoption of a new constitution, a presidential election in 2004, and National Assembly elections in 2005. In December 2004, Hamid KARZAI became the first democratically elected president of Afghanistan and the National Assembly was inaugurated the following December. KARZAI was re-elected in August 2009 for a second term. Despite gains toward building a stable central government, a resurgent Taliban and continuing provincial instability - particularly in the south and the east - remain serious challenges for the Afghan Government." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southern Asia, north and west of Pakistan, east of Iran" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "33 00 N, 65 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Asia" - }, - "area": { - "total": "652,230 sq km", - "land": "652,230 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Texas" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "5,529 km", - "border_countries": "China 76 km, Iran 936 km, Pakistan 2,430 km, Tajikistan 1,206 km, Turkmenistan 744 km, Uzbekistan 137 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly rugged mountains; plains in north and southwest" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Amu Darya 258 m", - "highest_point": "Noshak 7,485 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, chromite, talc, barites, sulfur, lead, zinc, iron ore, salt, precious and semiprecious stones" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "11.95%", - "permanent_crops": "0.18%", - "other": "87.87% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "32,080 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "65.33 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "20.28 cu km/yr (1%/1%/98%)", - "per_capita": "823.1 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "damaging earthquakes occur in Hindu Kush mountains; flooding; droughts" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "limited natural freshwater resources; inadequate supplies of potable water; soil degradation; overgrazing; deforestation (much of the remaining forests are being cut down for fuel and building materials); desertification; air and water pollution" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; the Hindu Kush mountains that run northeast to southwest divide the northern provinces from the rest of the country; the highest peaks are in the northern Vakhan (Wakhan Corridor)" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Afghan(s)", - "adjective": "Afghan" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Pashtun 42%, Tajik 27%, Hazara 9%, Uzbek 9%, Aimak 4%, Turkmen 3%, Baloch 2%, other 4%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Afghan Persian or Dari (official) 50%, Pashto (official) 35%, Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism, but Dari functions as the lingua franca", - "note": "the Turkic languages Uzbek and Turkmen, as well as Balochi, Pashai, Nuristani, and Pamiri are the third official languages in areas where the majority speaks them" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Sunni Muslim 80%, Shia Muslim 19%, other 1%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "31,108,077 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "42.6% (male 6,733,097/female 6,520,116)", - "15_24_years": "21.9% (male 3,479,696/female 3,346,154)", - "25_54_years": "29.1% (male 4,623,203/female 4,440,635)", - "55_64_years": "3.8% (male 585,629/female 605,018)", - "65_years_and_over": "2.5% (male 360,395/female 414,134) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "96 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "91.4 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "4.6 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "21.7 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "17.9 years", - "male": "17.9 years", - "female": "18 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.25% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "39.05 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "14.35 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-2.16 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "23.5% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "4.41% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "KABUL (capital) 3.097 million (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.97 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.87 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.03 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "20.1", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "460 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "119.41 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "127.18 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "111.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "50.11 years", - "male": "48.81 years", - "female": "51.47 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "5.54 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "21.8% (2010)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "7.6% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.21 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.4 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 78% of population; rural: 42% of population; total: 50% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 22% of population; rural: 58% of population; total: 50% of population (2010)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 60% of population; rural: 30% of population; total: 37% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 40% of population; rural: 70% of population; total: 63% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.01% (2001 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "intermediate", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_disease": "malaria", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies", - "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "2.2% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "32.9% (2004)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "28.1%", - "male": "43.1%", - "female": "12.6% (2000 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "8 years", - "male": "10 years", - "female": "6 years (2009)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "3,252,243", - "percentage": "25 %", - "note": "data on child labor in Afghanistan is uncertain and may be higher than the estimated 25% of children ages 5-14 derived from 2011 survey results; UNICEF estimated that 30% of children ages 5-14 in 2011 were engaged in child labor (2008 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Islamic Republic of Afghanistan", - "conventional_short_form": "Afghanistan", - "local_long_form": "Jamhuri-ye Islami-ye Afghanistan", - "local_short_form": "Afghanistan", - "former": "Republic of Afghanistan" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "Islamic republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Kabul", - "geographic_coordinates": "34 31 N, 69 11 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+4.5 (9.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "34 provinces (welayat, singular - welayat); Badakhshan, Badghis, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Daykundi, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni, Ghor, Helmand, Herat, Jowzjan, Kabul, Kandahar, Kapisa, Khost, Kunar, Kunduz, Laghman, Logar, Nangarhar, Nimroz, Nuristan, Paktika, Paktiya, Panjshir, Parwan, Samangan, Sar-e Pul, Takhar, Uruzgan, Wardak, Zabul" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "19 August 1919 (from UK control over Afghan foreign affairs)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 19 August (1919)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "sixth constitution drafted 14 December 2003 - 4 January 2004; signed 16 January 2004; ratified 26 January 2004" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil, customary, and Islamic law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Hamid KARZAI (since 7 December 2004); First Vice President Mohammad FAHIM Khan (since 19 November 2009); Second Vice President Abdul Karim KHALILI (since 7 December 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Hamid KARZAI (since 7 December 2004); First Vice President Mohammad FAHIM Khan (since 19 November 2009); Second Vice President Abdul Karim KHALILI (since 7 December 2004)", - "cabinet": "25 ministers; note - ministers are appointed by the president and approved by the National Assembly", - "elections": "the president and two vice presidents elected by direct vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); if no candidate receives 50% or more of the vote in the first round of voting, the two candidates with the most votes will participate in a second round; election last held on 20 August 2009 (next to be held on 5 April 2014)", - "election_results": "Hamid KARZAI reelected president; percent of vote (first round) - Hamid KARZAI 49.67%, Abdullah ABDULLAH 30.59%, Ramazan BASHARDOST 10.46%, Ashraf GHANI 2.94%; other 6.34%; note - ABDULLAH conceded the election to KARZAI following the first round vote" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "the bicameral National Assembly consists of the Meshrano Jirga or House of Elders (102 seats, two-thirds of members elected from provincial councils for four-year terms, and one-third nominated by the president for five-year terms) and the Wolesi Jirga or House of People (no more than 250 seats; members directly elected for five-year terms)", - "note": "on rare occasions the government may convene a Loya Jirga (Grand Council) on issues of independence, national sovereignty, and territorial integrity; it can amend the provisions of the constitution and prosecute the president; it is made up of members of the National Assembly and chairpersons of the provincial and district councils", - "elections": "last held on 18 September 2010 (next election expected in 2015)", - "election_results": "results by party - NA; note - ethnicity is the main factor influencing political alliances; composition of Loya Jirga seats by ethnic groups - Pashtun 96, Hazara 61, Tajik 53, Uzbek 15, Aimak 8, Arab 8, Turkmen 3, Nuristani 2, Baloch 1, Pahhai 1, Turkic 1; women hold 69 seats" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Stera Mahkama (consists of the Supreme Court Chief and 8 justices organized into criminal, public security, civil, and commercial divisions or dewans)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "court chief and justices appointed by the president with the approval of the Wolesi Jirga; court chief and justices serve single 10-year terms", - "subordinate_courts": "Appeals Courts; Primary Courts; Special Courts for issues including narcotics, security, property, family, and juveniles" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "note - the Ministry of Justice licensed 84 political parties as of December 2012" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "other": "religious groups, tribal leaders, ethnically based groups, Taliban" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB, CICA, CP, ECO, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), SAARC, SACEP, SCO (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Eklil Ahmad HAKIMI", - "chancery": "2341 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 483-6410", - "fax": "[1] (202) 483-6488", - "consulates_general": "Los Angeles, New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador James B. CUNNINGHAM", - "embassy": "The Great Masood Road, Kabul", - "mailing_address": "U.S. Embassy Kabul, APO, AE 09806", - "telephone": "[93] 0700 108 001", - "fax": "[93] 0700 108 564" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), red, and green, with the national emblem in white centered on the red band and slightly overlapping the other two bands; the center of the emblem features a mosque with pulpit and flags on either side, below the mosque are numerals for the solar year 1298 (1919 in the Gregorian calendar, the year of Afghan independence from the UK); this central image is circled by a border consisting of sheaves of wheat on the left and right, in the upper-center is an Arabic inscription of the Shahada (Muslim creed) below which are rays of the rising sun over the Takbir (Arabic expression meaning \"God is great\"), and at bottom center is a scroll bearing the name Afghanistan; black signifies the past, red is for the blood shed for independence, and green can represent either hope for the future, agricultural prosperity, or Islam", - "note": "Afghanistan had more changes to its national flag in the 20th century than any other country; the colors black, red, and green appeared on most of them" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "lion" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Milli Surood\" (National Anthem)", - "lyrics_music": "Abdul Bari JAHANI/Babrak WASA", - "note": "adopted 2006; the 2004 constitution of the post-Taliban government mandated that a new national anthem should be written containing the phrase \"Allahu Akbar\" (God is Great) and mentioning the names of Afghanistan's ethnic groups" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Afghanistan's economy is recovering from decades of conflict. The economy has improved significantly since the fall of the Taliban regime in 2001 largely because of the infusion of international assistance, the recovery of the agricultural sector, and service sector growth. Despite the progress of the past few years, Afghanistan is extremely poor, landlocked, and highly dependent on foreign aid. Much of the population continues to suffer from shortages of housing, clean water, electricity, medical care, and jobs. Criminality, insecurity, weak governance, lack of infrastructure, and the Afghan Government's difficulty in extending rule of law to all parts of the country pose challenges to future economic growth. Afghanistan's living standards are among the lowest in the world. The international community remains committed to Afghanistan's development, pledging over $67 billion at nine donors' conferences between 2003-10. In July 2012, the donors at the Tokyo conference pledged an additional $16 billion in civilian aid through 2015. Despite this help, the Government of Afghanistan will need to overcome a number of challenges, including low revenue collection, anemic job creation, high levels of corruption, weak government capacity, and poor public infrastructure." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$34.29 billion (2012 est.); $31.12 billion (2011 est.); $29.09 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$19.91 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "10.2% (2012 est.); 7% (2011 est.); 8.4% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$1,100 (2012 est.); $1,000 (2011 est.); $1,000 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "96.5%", - "government_consumption": "23.3%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "25.4%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "18.1%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "63.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "20%", - "industry": "25.6%", - "services": "54.4%", - "note": "data exclude opium production (2011 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "opium, wheat, fruits, nuts; wool, mutton, sheepskins, lambskins" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "small-scale production of bricks, textiles, soap, furniture, shoes, fertilizer, apparel, food-products, non-alcoholic beverages, mineral water, cement; handwoven carpets; natural gas, coal, copper" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "15 million (2004 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "78.6%", - "industry": "5.7%", - "services": "15.7% (FY08/09 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "35% (2008 est.); 40% (2005 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "36% (FY08/09)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.8%", - "highest_10%": "24% (2008)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$2.249 billion", - "expenditures": "$3.974 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "11.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-8.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "21 December - 20 December" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "10.2% (2011 est.); 0.9% (2010 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "15% (31 December 2012 est.); 15.15% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$5.928 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $5.307 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$6.351 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $5.671 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$363.6 million (31 December 2008 est.); $20.06 million (31 December 2007 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$743.9 million (2011 est.); -$736 million (2010 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$376 million (2012 est.); $388 million (2011 est.)", - "note": "not including illicit exports or reexports" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "opium, fruits and nuts, handwoven carpets, wool, cotton, hides and pelts, precious and semi-precious gems" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Pakistan 33.1%, India 24.9%, Tajikistan 8.7%, US 5.8% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$6.39 billion (2012 est.); $5.154 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and other capital goods, food, textiles, petroleum products" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Pakistan 25.8%, US 17.4%, Russia 8.4%, India 5.5%, China 5.4%, Kazakhstan 4.5%, Germany 4.3% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$5.268 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $4.174 billion (2010 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$1.28 billion (FY10/11); $2.7 billion (FY08/09)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "afghanis (AFA) per US dollar -; 51 (2012 est.); 46.75 (2011 est.); 46.45 (2010)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "913.1 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "2.226 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "1.377 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "489,100 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "23.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "76.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "1,950 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "87 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "4,229 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "5,193 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "38 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "30 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "49.55 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "790,200 Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "13,500 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "17.558 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "limited fixed-line telephone service; an increasing number of Afghans utilize mobile-cellular phone networks", - "domestic": "aided by the presence of multiple providers, mobile-cellular telephone service continues to improve rapidly; the Afghan Ministry of Communications and Information claims that more than 90 percent of the population live in areas with access to mobile-cellular services", - "international": "country code - 93; multiple VSAT's provide international and domestic voice and data connectivity (2012)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-owned broadcaster, Radio Television Afghanistan (RTA), operates a series of radio and television stations in Kabul and the provinces; an estimated 150 private radio stations, 50 TV stations, and about a dozen international broadcasters are available (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".af" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "223 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "1 million (2009)" - }, - "communications_note": { - "text": "Internet access is growing through Internet cafes as well as public \"telekiosks\" in Kabul (2005)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "52 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "23", - "over_3_047_m": "4", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "4", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "11", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2", - "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "29", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "4", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "13", - "914_to_1_523_m": "6", - "under_914_m": "6 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "9 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 466 km (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "42,150 km", - "paved": "12,350 km", - "unpaved": "29,800 km (2006)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "1,200 km; (chiefly Amu Darya, which handles vessels up to 500 DWT) (2011)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Kheyrabad, Shir Khan" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Afghan Armed Forces: Afghan National Army (ANA, includes Afghan Air Force (AAF)) (2011)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "7,056,339", - "females_age_16_49": "6,653,419 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "4,050,222", - "females_age_16_49": "3,797,087 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "392,116", - "female": "370,295 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "10% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Afghan, Coalition, and Pakistan military meet periodically to clarify the alignment of the boundary on the ground and on maps; Afghan and Iranian commissioners have discussed boundary monument densification and resurvey; Iran protests Afghanistan's restricting flow of dammed Helmand River tributaries during drought; Pakistan has sent troops across and built fences along some remote tribal areas of its treaty-defined Durand Line border with Afghanistan which serve as bases for foreign terrorists and other illegal activities; Russia remains concerned about the smuggling of poppy derivatives from Afghanistan through Central Asian countries" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "16,147 (Pakistan) (2012)", - "idps": "492,777 (mostly Pashtuns and Kuchis displaced in the south and west due to drought and instability) (2013)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Afghanistan is a source transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking, although domestic trafficking is more prevalent than transnational trafficking; Afghan men are subjected to forced labor and debt bondage in Iran, Pakistan, Greece, Turkey, and the Gulf states; Afghan women and girls are forced into prostitution and domestic servitude in Pakistan, Iran, and India, while women and girls from the Philippines, Pakistan, Iran, Tajikistan, and China are reportedly sexually exploited in Afghanistan; children are increasingly subjected to forced labor in carpet-making factories, domestic servitude, forced begging, and commercial sexual exploitation; some children are sold to settle debts", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Afghanistan does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking in persons; anti-trafficking law enforcement efforts have improved, though official complicity in human trafficking remains a problem; the first known convictions were made under the government's 2008 anti-trafficking law; Afghanistan has not developed or employed systematic procedures to identify trafficking victims or refer them to protective services and continues to rely on NGOs to provide the vast majority of victim assistance; the government has not made discernible progress in preventing human trafficking or protecting victims but has adopted an anti-trafficking action plan (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "world's largest producer of opium; while poppy cultivation was relatively stable at 119,000 hectares in 2010, a poppy blight affecting the high cultivation areas in 2010 reduced potential opium production to 3,200 metric tons, down over 40 percent from 2009; the Taliban and other antigovernment groups participate in and profit from the opiate trade, which is a key source of revenue for the Taliban inside Afghanistan; widespread corruption and instability impede counterdrug efforts; most of the heroin consumed in Europe and Eurasia is derived from Afghan opium; vulnerable to drug money laundering through informal financial networks; regional source of hashish (2011)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/asia/bd-bangladesh.json b/asia/bd-bangladesh.json deleted file mode 100644 index 4ea54595..00000000 --- a/asia/bd-bangladesh.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,640 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Muslim conversions and settlement in the region now referred to as Bangladesh began in the 10th century, primarily from Arab and Persian traders and preachers. Europeans began to set up trading posts in the area in the 16th century. Eventually the area known as Bengal, primarily Hindu in the western section and mostly Muslim in the eastern half, became part of British India. Partition in 1947 resulted in an eastern wing of Pakistan in the Muslim-majority area, which became East Pakistan. Calls for greater autonomy and animosity between the eastern and western wings of Pakistan led to a Bengali independence movement. That movement, led by the Awami League (AL) and supported by India, won independence for Bangladesh in 1971, although at least 300,000 civilians died in the process. The post-independence, AL government faced daunting challenges and in 1975 was overthrown by the military, triggering a series of military coups that resulted in a military-backed government and subsequent creation of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP). That government also ended in a coup in 1981, followed by military-backed rule until democratic elections in 1991. The BNP and AL have alternately held power since then, with the exception of a military-backed, emergency caretaker regime that suspended parliamentary elections planned for January 2007 in an effort to reform the political system and root out corruption. That government returned the country to fully democratic rule in December 2008 with the election of the AL and Prime Minister Sheikh HASINA. With the help of international development assistance, Bangladesh has made great progress in food security since independence, and the economy has grown at an average of about 6 percent over the last two decades." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southern Asia, bordering the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and India" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "24 00 N, 90 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Asia" - }, - "area": { - "total": "143,998 sq km", - "land": "130,168 sq km", - "water": "13,830 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Iowa" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "4,246 km", - "border_countries": "Burma 193 km, India 4,053 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "580 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "18 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "up to the outer limits of the continental margin" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; mild winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); humid, warm rainy monsoon (June to October)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly flat alluvial plain; hilly in southeast" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Indian Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Keokradong 1,230 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "natural gas, arable land, timber, coal" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "52.97%", - "permanent_crops": "6.25%", - "other": "40.78% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "50,500 sq km (2008)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "1,227 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "35.87 cu km/yr (10%/2%/88%)", - "per_capita": "238.3 cu m/yr (2008)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "droughts; cyclones; much of the country routinely inundated during the summer monsoon season" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "many people are landless and forced to live on and cultivate flood-prone land; waterborne diseases prevalent in surface water; water pollution, especially of fishing areas, results from the use of commercial pesticides; ground water contaminated by naturally occurring arsenic; intermittent water shortages because of falling water tables in the northern and central parts of the country; soil degradation and erosion; deforestation; severe overpopulation" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "most of the country is situated on deltas of large rivers flowing from the Himalayas: the Ganges unites with the Jamuna (main channel of the Brahmaputra) and later joins the Meghna to eventually empty into the Bay of Bengal" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Bangladeshi(s)", - "adjective": "Bangladeshi" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Bengali 98%, other 2% (includes tribal groups, non-Bengali Muslims) (1998)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Bangla (official, also known as Bengali), English" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim 89.5%, Hindu 9.6%, other 0.9% (2004)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "163,654,860 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "33% (male 27,393,912/female 26,601,199)", - "15_24_years": "18.8% (male 14,337,930/female 16,377,785)", - "25_54_years": "37.6% (male 29,091,046/female 32,455,670)", - "55_64_years": "5.7% (male 4,775,062/female 4,625,192)", - "65_years_and_over": "4.9% (male 3,918,341/female 4,078,723) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "53.3 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "46 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "7.3 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "13.6 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "23.9 years", - "male": "23.4 years", - "female": "24.4 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.59% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "22.07 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "5.67 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.52 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "28.4% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.96% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "DHAKA (capital) 15.391 million; Chittagong 4.816 million; Khulna 1.636 million; Rajshahi 853,000 (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "0.87 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.9 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.96 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.95 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "18.1 (2007 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "240 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "47.3 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "49.79 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "44.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "70.36 years", - "male": "68.48 years", - "female": "72.31 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.5 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "61.2% (2011/12)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "3.5% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.3 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.3 beds/1,000 population (2005)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 85% of population; rural: 80% of population; total: 81% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 15% of population; rural: 20% of population; total: 19% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 57% of population; rural: 55% of population; total: 56% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 43% of population; rural: 45% of population; total: 44% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "less than 0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "6,300 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 200 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever and malaria are high risks in some locations", - "water_contact_disease": "leptospirosis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies", - "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "1.1% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "41.3% (2007)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "2.2% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "57.7%", - "male": "62%", - "female": "53.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "8 years", - "male": "8 years", - "female": "8 years (2007)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "4,485,497", - "percentage": "13 % (2006 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "9.3%", - "male": "8%", - "female": "13.6% (2005)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "People's Republic of Bangladesh", - "conventional_short_form": "Bangladesh", - "local_long_form": "Gana Prajatantri Bangladesh", - "local_short_form": "Bangladesh", - "former": "East Bengal, East Pakistan" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary democracy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Dhaka", - "geographic_coordinates": "23 43 N, 90 24 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "7 divisions; Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Khulna, Rajshahi, Rangpur, Sylhet" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "16 December 1971 (from West Pakistan)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 26 March (1971); Victory Day; note - March 1971 is the date of the Awami League's declaration of an independent Bangladesh, and 16 December, known as Victory Day, memorializes the military victory over Pakistan and the official creation of the state of Bangladesh" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "enacted 4 November 1972; effective 16 December 1972; suspended following coup of 24 March 1982; restored 10 November 1986; amended many times" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of mostly English common law and Islamic law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Abdul HAMID (since 24 April 2013); note - Abdul HAMID served as acting president following the death of Zillur RAHMAN in March 2013; HAMID was subsequently elected by the National Parliament and was sworn in 24 April 2013", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Sheikh HASINA (since 6 January 2009)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet selected by the prime minister and appointed by the president", - "elections": "president elected by National Parliament for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); last election held on 29 April 2013 (next must be held by 2018)", - "election_results": "President Abdul HAMID was elected by the National Parliament unopposed" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Parliament or Jatiya Sangsad; 300 seats (45 reserved for women) elected by popular vote from single territorial constituencies; members serve five-year terms", - "elections": "last held on 29 December 2008; note - general elections must be held within 90 days of the expiration of the Parliament or by 24 January 2014 or earlier if Parliament is dissolved before its term expires", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - AL 49%, BNP 33.2%, JP 7%, JIB 4.6%, other 6.2%; seats by party - AL 230, BNP 30, JP 27, JIB 2, other 11" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Bangladesh (organized into the Appellate Division with 7 justices and the High Court Division with 99 justices)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "chief justice and justices appointed by the president; justices serve until retirement at age 67", - "subordinate_courts": "civil courts include: Assistant Judge's Court; Joint District Judge's Court; Additional District Judge's Court; District Judge's Court; criminal courts include: Court of Sessions; Court of Metropolitan Sessions; special courts/tribunals; Metropolitan Magistrate Courts; Magistrate Court" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Awami League or AL [Sheikh HASINA]; Communist Party of Bangladesh or CPB [Manjurul A. KHAN]; Bangladesh Nationalist Party or BNP [Khaleda ZIA]; Bikalpa Dhara Bangladesh or BDB [Badrudozza CHOWDHURY]; Islami Oikya Jote or IOJ [multiple leaders]; Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh or JIB [Matiur Rahman NIZAMI]; Jatiya Party or JP (Ershad faction) [Hussain Mohammad ERSHAD]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Oli AHMED]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Advocacy to End Gender-based Violence through the MoWCA (Ministry of Women's and Children's Affairs); Ain o Salish Kendro (Law and Order Center); Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee or BRAC; Bangladesh Center for Worker Solidarity; Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce and Industry; Odikhar (Human Rights)", - "other": "associations of madrassa teachers; business associations, including those intended to promote international trade; development and advocacy NGOs associated with the Grameen Bank; environmentalists; Islamist groups; labor rights advocacy groups; nongovernmental organizations focused on poverty, alleviation, and socioeconomic international trade; religious leaders; tribal groups and advocacy organizations; union leaders" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB, ARF, BIMSTEC, C, CD, CICA (observer), CP, D-8, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNMIT, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Akramul QADER", - "chancery": "3510 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 244-0183", - "fax": "[1] (202) 244-7830/2771", - "consulates_general": "Los Angeles, New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Dan W. MOZENA", - "embassy": "Madani Avenue, Baridhara, Dhaka 1212", - "mailing_address": "G. P. O. Box 323, Dhaka 1000", - "telephone": "[880] (2) 885-5500", - "fax": "[880] (2) 882-3744" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "green field with a large red disk shifted slightly to the hoist side of center; the red disk represents the rising sun and the sacrifice to achieve independence; the green field symbolizes the lush vegetation of Bangladesh" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Bengal tiger" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Amar Shonar Bangla\" (My Golden Bengal)", - "lyrics_music": "Rabindranath TAGORE", - "note": "adopted 1971; Rabindranath TAGORE, a Nobel laureate, also wrote India's national anthem" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "In real terms Bangladesh's economy has grown 5.8% per year since 1996 despite political instability, poor infrastructure, corruption, insufficient power supplies, and slow implementation of economic reforms. Bangladesh remains a poor, overpopulated, and inefficiently-governed nation. Although more than half of GDP is generated through the service sector, 45% of Bangladeshis are employed in the agriculture sector with rice as the single-most-important product. Bangladesh's growth was resilient during the 2008-09 global financial crisis and recession. Garment exports, totaling $12.3 billion in FY09 and remittances from overseas Bangladeshis, totaling $11 billion in FY10, accounted for almost 12% of GDP." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$311 billion (2012 est.); $293.3 billion (2011 est.); $275.4 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$122.7 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "6.1% (2012 est.); 6.5% (2011 est.); 6.4% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$2,100 (2012 est.); $2,000 (2011 est.); $1,900 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "25.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 25% of GDP (2011 est.); 26.7% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "75%", - "government_consumption": "5.7%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "25.4%", - "investment_in_inventories": "4.2%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "25%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-35.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "17.5%", - "industry": "28.5%", - "services": "53.9% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "rice, jute, tea, wheat, sugarcane, potatoes, tobacco, pulses, oilseeds, spices, fruit; beef, milk, poultry" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "jute, cotton, garments, paper, leather, fertilizer, iron and steel, cement, petroleum products, tobacco, drugs and pharmaceuticals, ceramics, tea, salt, sugar, edible oils, soap and detergent, fabricated metal products, electricity and natural gas" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "9.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "77 million", - "note": "extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Qatar, and Malaysia; workers' remittances were $10.9 billion in FY09/10 (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "45%", - "industry": "30%", - "services": "25% (2008)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "5% (2012 est.); 5% (2011 est.)", - "note": "about 40% of the population is underemployed; many participants in the labor force work only a few hours a week, at low wages" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "31.5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "4%", - "highest_10%": "27% (2010 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "33.2 (2005); 33.6 (1996)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$14.03 billion", - "expenditures": "$19.69 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "11.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-4.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "31.7% of GDP (2012 est.); 34.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 July - 30 June" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "8.7% (2012 est.); 10.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "5% (31 December 2010 est.); 5% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "13% (31 December 2012 est.); 13.25% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$14.85 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $13.19 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$66.84 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $66.14 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$79.32 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $68.57 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$23.55 billion (31 December 2011); $15.68 billion (31 December 2010); $7.068 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$941.9 million (2012 est.); $243.6 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$26.25 billion (2012 est.); $24.54 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "garments, knitwear, agricultural products, frozen food (fish and seafood), jute and jute goods, leather" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 16.7%, Germany 12.5%, UK 8.4%, France 5% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$34.56 billion (2012 est.); $32.61 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, chemicals, iron and steel, textiles, foodstuffs, petroleum products, cement" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 19.5%, India 13.4%, Singapore 4.9%, Malaysia 4.7%, South Korea 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$12.75 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $9.192 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$28.07 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $29.12 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$6.64 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.166 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$108 million (31 December 2012 est.); $107 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "taka (BDT) per US dollar -; 81.863 (2012 est.); 74.152 (2011 est.); 69.649 (2010 est.); 69.04 (2009); 68.554 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "35.7 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "34.83 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "5.819 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "95.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "5,200 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "26,460 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "28 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "24,790 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "108,900 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "2,928 bbl/day (2010 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "77,340 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "20.13 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "20.13 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "183.7 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "56.74 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "977,700 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "84.369 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "inadequate for a modern country; introducing digital systems; trunk systems include VHF and UHF microwave radio relay links, and some fiber-optic cable in cities", - "domestic": "fixed-line teledensity remains only about 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone subscribership has been increasing rapidly and now exceeds 50 telephones per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 880; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-4 fiber-optic submarine cable system that provides links to Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; satellite earth stations - 6; international radiotelephone communications and landline service to neighboring countries (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-owned Bangladesh Television (BTV) operates 1 terrestrial TV station, 3 radio networks, and about 10 local stations; 8 private satellite TV stations and 3 private radio stations also broadcasting; foreign satellite TV stations are gaining audience share in the large cities; several international radio broadcasters are available (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".bd" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "71,164 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "617,300 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "18 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "16", - "over_3_047_m": "2", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "6", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1", - "under_914_m": "5 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "3 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 2,950 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "2,622 km", - "broad_gauge": "946 km 1.676-m gauge", - "narrow_gauge": "1,676 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "21,269 km", - "paved": "1,063 km", - "unpaved": "20,206 km (2010)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "8,370 km (includes up to 3,060 km of main cargo routes; the network is reduced to 5,200 km in the dry season) (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "62", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 25, cargo 28, chemical tanker 1, container 5, petroleum tanker 3", - "foreign_owned": "8 (China 1, Singapore 7)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "10 (Comoros 1, Hong Kong 1, Panama 5, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Sierra Leone 1, Singapore 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Chittagong", - "river_ports": "Mongla Port (Sela River)", - "container_ports": "Chittagong (1,392,104) (2011)" - }, - "transportation_note": { - "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial waters of Bangladesh remain a risk for armed robbery against ships; attacks against vessels have decreased over the last few years in response to improved local security" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Bangladesh Defense Force: Bangladesh Army (Sena Bahini), Bangladesh Navy (Noh Bahini, BN), Bangladesh Air Force (Biman Bahini, BAF) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "16-19 years of age for voluntary military service; Bangladeshi birth and 10th grade education required; initial obligation 15 years (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "36,520,491 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "30,486,086", - "females_age_16_49": "35,616,093 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "1,606,963", - "female": "1,689,442 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.4% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Bangladesh referred its maritime boundary claims with Burma and India to the International Tribunal on the Law of the Sea; Indian Prime Minister Singh's September 2011 visit to Bangladesh resulted in the signing of a Protocol to the 1974 Land Boundary Agreement between India and Bangladesh, which had called for the settlement of longstanding boundary disputes over undemarcated areas and the exchange of territorial enclaves, but which had never been implemented; Bangladesh struggles to accommodate 29,000 Rohingya, Burmese Muslim minority from Arakan State, living as refugees in Cox's Bazar; Burmese border authorities are constructing a 200 km (124 mi) wire fence designed to deter illegal cross-border transit and tensions from the military build-up along border" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "230,674 (Burma) (2012)", - "idps": "undetermined (land conflicts, religious persecution) (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transit country for illegal drugs produced in neighboring countries" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/asia/bn-brunei.json b/asia/bn-brunei.json deleted file mode 100644 index 027d8592..00000000 --- a/asia/bn-brunei.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,557 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The Sultanate of Brunei's influence peaked between the 15th and 17th centuries when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. The same family has ruled Brunei for over six centuries. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in Asia." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "4 30 N, 114 40 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Southeast Asia" - }, - "area": { - "total": "5,765 sq km", - "land": "5,265 sq km", - "water": "500 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Delaware" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "381 km", - "border_countries": "Malaysia 381 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "161 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm or to median line" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; hot, humid, rainy" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "South China Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Bukit Pagon 1,850 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, natural gas, timber" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "0.52%", - "permanent_crops": "0.87%", - "other": "98.61% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "10 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "8.5 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.09 cu km/yr (97%/0%/3%)", - "per_capita": "301.6 cu m/yr (2009)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are rare" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave within Malaysia" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Bruneian(s)", - "adjective": "Bruneian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Malay 66.3%, Chinese 11.2%, indigenous 3.4%, other 19.1% (2004 est.)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Malay (official), English, Chinese" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, other (includes indigenous beliefs) 10%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "415,717 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "24.6% (male 52,761/female 49,538)", - "15_24_years": "17.5% (male 35,879/female 36,767)", - "25_54_years": "46.8% (male 94,827/female 99,779)", - "55_64_years": "7.3% (male 15,594/female 14,642)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.8% (male 7,767/female 8,163) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "42 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "36 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.1 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "16.4 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "29 years", - "male": "28.7 years", - "female": "29.2 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.67% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "17.63 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "3.43 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "2.51 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "76% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.13% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN (capital) 241,000", - "note": "the boundaries of the capital city were expanded in 2007, greatly increasing the city area; the population of the capital increased tenfold (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "0.97 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.96 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.95 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "24 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "10.81 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "12.89 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "8.64 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "76.57 years", - "male": "74.28 years", - "female": "78.97 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.83 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "2.8% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.42 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "2.6 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "less than 0.1% (2003 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "fewer than 200 (2003 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 200 (2003 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "7.5% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "3.3% of GDP (2012)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "95.4%", - "male": "97%", - "female": "93.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "15 years", - "male": "15 years", - "female": "16 years (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Brunei Darussalam", - "conventional_short_form": "Brunei", - "local_long_form": "Negara Brunei Darussalam", - "local_short_form": "Brunei" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "constitutional sultanate (locally known as Malay Islamic Monarchy)" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Bandar Seri Begawan", - "geographic_coordinates": "4 53 N, 114 56 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei-Muara, Temburong, Tutong" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "1 January 1984 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984)" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system based on English common law and Islamic law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age for village elections; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state (Yang Di-Pertuan Agong) and head of government", - "head_of_government": "Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967)", - "cabinet": "Council of Cabinet Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch; deals with executive matters; note - there is also a Religious Council (members appointed by the monarch) that advises on religious matters, a Privy Council (members appointed by the monarch) that deals with constitutional matters, and the Council of Succession (members appointed by the monarch) that determines the succession to the throne if the need arises", - "elections": "none; the monarchy is hereditary" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "the Sultan appointed a Legislative Council with 29 members in September 2005; he increased the size of the council to 33 members in June 2011; the council meets annually in March", - "elections": "last held in March 1962 (date of next election NA)", - "note": "the Legislative Council met on 25 September 2004 for first time in 20 years with 21 members appointed by the Sultan; it passed constitutional amendments calling for a 45-seat council with 15 elected members; no timeframe for an election was announced" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of Court of Appeal and High Court, each with a chief justice and 2 judges); Sharia Court of Appeal (consists of judges appointed by the monarch) note - Brunei has a dual judicial system of secular and sharia (religious) courts; the Judicial Committee of Privy Council in London serves as the final appellate court for civil cases only", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the monarch to serve until age 65, and older if approved by the monarch; Sharia Court of Appeal judges appointed by the monarch; judge tenure NA", - "subordinate_courts": "Intermediate Court; Magistrate's Courts; Juvenile Court; small claims courts; lower sharia courts (2006)" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "National Development Party or NDP [YASSIN Affendi]", - "note": "Brunei National Solidarity Party or PPKB [Abdul LATIF bin Chuchu] and People's Awareness Party or PAKAR [Awang Haji MAIDIN bin Haji Ahmad] were deregistered in 2007; parties are small and have limited activity" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, C, CP, EAS, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Dato Yusoff Abd HAMID", - "chancery": "3520 International Court NW #300, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 237-1838", - "fax": "[1] (202) 885-0560" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Daniel L. SHIELDS III", - "embassy": "Simpang 336-52-16-9, Jalan Kebangsaan, Bandar Seri Begawan, BC4115", - "mailing_address": "Unit 4280, Box 40, FPO AP 96507; P.O. Box 2991, Bandar Seri Begawan BS8675, Negara Brunei Darussalam", - "telephone": "[673] 238-4616", - "fax": "[673] 238-4604" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; yellow is the color of royalty and symbolizes the sultanate; the white and black bands denote Brunei's chief ministers; the emblem includes five main components: a swallow-tailed flag, the royal umbrella representing the monarchy, the wings of four feathers symbolizing justice, tranquility, prosperity, and peace, the two upraised hands signifying the government's pledge to preserve and promote the welfare of the people, and the crescent moon denoting Islam, the state religion; the state motto \"Always render service with God's guidance\" appears in yellow Arabic script on the crescent; a ribbon below the crescent reads \"Brunei, the Abode of Peace\"" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Allah Peliharakan Sultan\" (God Bless His Majesty)", - "lyrics_music": "Pengiran Haji Mohamed YUSUF bin Pengiran Abdul Rahim/Awang Haji BESAR bin Sagap", - "note": "adopted 1951" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Brunei has a small well-to-do economy that depends on revenue from natural resource extraction but encompasses a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation, welfare measures, and village tradition. Crude oil and natural gas production account for 60% of GDP and more than 90% of exports. Per capita GDP is among the highest in Asia, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. For Bruneian citizens the government provides for all medical services and free education through the university level. The government of Brunei has been emphasizing through policy and resource investments it strong desire to diversity its economy both within the oil and gas sector and to new sectors." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$22.04 billion (2012 est.); $21.76 billion (2011 est.); $21.29 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$16.63 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.3% (2012 est.); 2.2% (2011 est.); 2.6% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$55,300 (2012 est.); $55,400 (2011 est.); $55,000 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "20.7%", - "government_consumption": "18%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "14.1%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "78.9%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-31.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "0.6%", - "industry": "71.7%", - "services": "27.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "rice, vegetables, fruits; chickens, water buffalo, cattle, goats, eggs" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction, agriculture, transportation" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "205,800 (2011 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "4.2%", - "industry": "62.8%", - "services": "33% (2008 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "2.6% (2011); 2.7% (2010)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$7.363 billion", - "expenditures": "$5.122 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "44.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "13.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 April - 31 March" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "0.5% (2012 est.); 2.1% (2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "5.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 5.5% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$3.509 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.255 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$11.62 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $10.64 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$2.266 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.33 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$3.977 billion (2009 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$12.75 billion (2011); $9.88 billion (2010)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "crude oil, natural gas, garments" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Japan 46.5%, South Korea 15.5%, Australia 9.3%, India 7%, NZ 6.7% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$3.02 billion (2011 est.); $2.73 billion (2010 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "iron and steel, motor vehicles, machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Singapore 26.3%, China 21.3%, UK 21.3%, Malaysia 11.8% (2012)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$0 (2005)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Bruneian dollars (BND) per US dollar -; 1.2496 (2012 est.); 1.2579 (2011 est.); 1.3635 (2010 est.); 1.45 (2009)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "3.723 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "3.391 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "894,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "166,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "155,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "1.1 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "14,720 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "14,640 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "1,016 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "11.8 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "2.97 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "8.83 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "390.8 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "8.271 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "79,800 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "443,200 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "service throughout the country is good; international service is good to Southeast Asia, Middle East, Western Europe, and the US", - "domestic": "every service available", - "international": "country code - 673; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 optical telecommunications submarine cable that provides links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; the Asia-America Gateway submarine cable network provides new links to Asia and the US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-controlled Radio Television Brunei (RTB) operates 5 channels; 3 Malaysian TV stations are available; foreign TV broadcasts are available via satellite and cable systems; RTB operates 5 radio networks and broadcasts on multiple frequencies; British Forces Broadcast Service (BFBS) provides radio broadcasts on 2 FM stations; some radio broadcast stations from Malaysia are available via repeaters (2009)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".bn" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "49,457 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "314,900 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "1", - "over_3_047_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "3 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "condensate 33 km; condensate/gas 86 km; gas 628 km; oil 492 km (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "3,029 km", - "paved": "2,425 km", - "unpaved": "604 km (2010)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "209 km (navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m; the Belait, Brunei, and Tutong rivers are major transport links) (2012)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "9", - "by_type": "chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas 8", - "foreign_owned": "2 (UK 2) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Muara", - "oil_gas_terminals": "Lumut, Seria" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Royal Brunei Armed Forces: Royal Brunei Land Forces, Royal Brunei Navy, Royal Brunei Air Force (Tentera Udara Diraja Brunei) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "17 years of age for voluntary military service; non-Malays are ineligible to serve; recruits from the army, navy, and air force all undergo 43-week initial training (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "112,688", - "females_age_16_49": "117,536 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "95,141", - "females_age_16_49": "99,386 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "3,572", - "female": "3,465 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "2.4% of GDP (2011)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "per Letters of Exchange signed in 2009, Malaysia in 2010 ceded two hydrocarbon concession blocks to Brunei in exchange for Brunei's sultan dropping claims to the Limbang corridor, which divides Brunei; nonetheless, Brunei claims a maritime boundary extending as far as a median with Vietnam, thus asserting an implicit claim to Louisa Reef" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "stateless_persons": "21,009 (2012); note - thousands of stateless persons, often ethnic Chinese, are permanent residents and their families have lived in Brunei for generations; obtaining citizenship is difficult and requires individuals to pass rigorous tests on Malay culture, customs, and language; stateless residents receive an International Certificate of Identity, which enables them to travel overseas; the government is considering changing the law prohibiting non-Bruneians, including stateless permanent residents, from owning land" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory death penalty" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/asia/bt-bhutan.json b/asia/bt-bhutan.json deleted file mode 100644 index af49cfe6..00000000 --- a/asia/bt-bhutan.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,567 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "In 1865, Britain and Bhutan signed the Treaty of Sinchulu, under which Bhutan would receive an annual subsidy in exchange for ceding some border land to British India. Under British influence, a monarchy was set up in 1907; three years later, a treaty was signed whereby the British agreed not to interfere in Bhutanese internal affairs, and Bhutan allowed Britain to direct its foreign affairs. This role was assumed by independent India after 1947. Two years later, a formal Indo-Bhutanese accord returned to Bhutan the areas annexed by the British, formalized the annual subsidies the country received, and defined India's responsibilities in defense and foreign relations. In March 2005, King Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK unveiled the government's draft constitution - which introduced major democratic reforms - and pledged to hold a national referendum for its approval. In December 2006, the King abdicated the throne in favor of his son, Jigme Khesar Namgyel WANGCHUCK, in order to give him experience as head of state before the democratic transition. In early 2007, India and Bhutan renegotiated their treaty to allow Bhutan greater autonomy in conducting its foreign policy, although Thimphu continues to coordinate policy decisions in this area with New Delhi. Elections for seating the country's first parliament were completed in March 2008; the king ratified the country's first constitution in July 2008. The disposition of some 43,000 Bhutanese refugees - housed in two UN refugee camps in Nepal - remains unresolved." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southern Asia, between China and India" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "27 30 N, 90 30 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Asia" - }, - "area": { - "total": "38,394 sq km", - "land": "38,394 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "about one-half the size of Indiana" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,075 km", - "border_countries": "China 470 km, India 605 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly mountainous with some fertile valleys and savanna" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Drangeme Chhu 97 m", - "highest_point": "Gangkar Puensum 7,570 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "timber, hydropower, gypsum, calcium carbonate" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "2.49%", - "permanent_crops": "0.46%", - "other": "97.06% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "319.1 sq km (2010)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "78 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.34 cu km/yr (5%/1%/94%)", - "per_capita": "458 cu m/yr (2008)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "violent storms from the Himalayas are the source of the country's name, which translates as Land of the Thunder Dragon; frequent landslides during the rainy season" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "soil erosion; limited access to potable water" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Law of the Sea" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; strategic location between China and India; controls several key Himalayan mountain passes" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Bhutanese (singular and plural)", - "adjective": "Bhutanese" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Bhote 50%, ethnic Nepalese 35% (includes Lhotsampas - one of several Nepalese ethnic groups), indigenous or migrant tribes 15%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Sharchhopka 28%, Dzongkha (official) 24%, Lhotshamkha 22%, other 26%" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Lamaistic Buddhist 75%, Indian- and Nepalese-influenced Hinduism 25%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "725,296 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "the Factbook population estimate is consistent with the first modern census of Bhutan, conducted in 2005; previous Factbook population estimates for this country, which were on the order of three times the total population reported here, were based on Bhutanese government publications that did not include the census" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "27.8% (male 102,991/female 98,730)", - "15_24_years": "20.6% (male 76,202/female 73,273)", - "25_54_years": "39.9% (male 155,216/female 134,363)", - "55_64_years": "5.7% (male 22,295/female 19,285)", - "65_years_and_over": "5.9% (male 22,546/female 20,395) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "48.9 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "41.8 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "7.1 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "14 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "25.7 years", - "male": "26.3 years", - "female": "25.1 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.15% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "18.43 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "6.88 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "35.6% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "3.65% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "THIMPHU (capital) 99,000 (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.16 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.16 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "1.11 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.1 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "180 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "39.97 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "40.52 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "39.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "68.44 years", - "male": "67.54 years", - "female": "69.38 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.07 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "65.6% (2010)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "5.2% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.02 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.8 beds/1,000 population (2011)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 94% of population; total: 96% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 6% of population; total: 4% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 73% of population; rural: 29% of population; total: 44% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 27% of population; rural: 71% of population; total: 56% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.2% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever and malaria (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "5.3% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "12.7% (2010)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "4.7% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "52.8%", - "male": "65%", - "female": "38.7% (2005 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "12 years", - "male": "12 years", - "female": "12 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "25,801", - "percentage": "18 % (2010 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "9.4%", - "male": "6.8%", - "female": "10.9% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Kingdom of Bhutan", - "conventional_short_form": "Bhutan", - "local_long_form": "Druk Gyalkhap", - "local_short_form": "Druk Yul" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "constitutional monarchy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Thimphu", - "geographic_coordinates": "27 28 N, 89 38 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "20 districts (dzongkhag, singular and plural); Bumthang, Chhukha, Chirang, Daga, Gasa, Geylegphug, Ha, Lhuntshi, Mongar, Paro, Pemagatsel, Punakha, Samchi, Samdrup Jongkhar, Shemgang, Tashigang, Tashi Yangtse, Thimphu, Tongsa, Wangdi Phodrang" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "1907 (became a unified kingdom under its first hereditary king)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "National Day (Ugyen WANGCHUCK became first hereditary king), 17 December (1907)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "ratified 18 July 2008" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law based on Buddhist religious law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "King Jigme Khesar Namgyel WANGCHUCK (since 14 December 2006); note - King Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK abdicated the throne on 14 December 2006 and his son immediately succeeded him; the nearly two-year delay between the former King's abdication and his son's coronation on 6 November 2008 was to ensure an astrologically auspicious coronation date and to give the new king, who had limited experience, deeper administrative expertise under the guidance of his father", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Tshering TOBGAY (since July 2013)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers (Lhengye Zhungtshog) nominated by the monarch in consultation with the prime minister and approved by the National Assembly; members serve fixed, five-year terms; the leader of the majority party is nominated as the prime minister", - "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary, but the 2008 constitution grants the Parliament authority to remove the monarch with two-thirds vote; election of a new National Assembly occurred in March 2008" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Chi Tshog consists of the non-partisan National Council or Gyelyong Tshogde (25 seats; 20 members elected by each of the 20 administrative districts (dzongkhags) for four-year terms and 5 members appointed by the king); and the National Assembly or Tshogdu (47 seats; members nominated by the two parties and elected by direct, popular vote for five-year terms)", - "elections": "National Council elections last held on 23 April 2013 (next to be held in 2017); National Assembly elections (first round) last held on 31 May 2013; second round held on 13 July 2013", - "election_results": "National Council - independents 20; note - all candidates ran as independents; National Assembly - first round poll held on 31 May 2013 - percent of vote by party - DPT 44.52%; PDP 32.53%; DNT 17.04%; DCT 5.9%; second round poll held on 13 July 2013 - percent of vote by party - PDP 54.88%, DPT 45.12%; seats by party - PDP 32, DPT 15" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of 5 justices including the chief justice ) note - the Supreme Court has sole jurisdiction in constitutional matters", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the monarch in consultation with the National Judicial Commission; other judges appointed by the monarch from among the High Court judges selected by the National Judicial Commission; judge tenure NA", - "subordinate_courts": "High Court (first appellate court); District or Dzongkhag Courts; sub-district or Dungkhag Courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Bhutan Peace and Prosperity Party (Druk Phuensum Tshogpa) or DPT [Jigme THINLEY]; People's Democratic Party or PDP [Tshering TOBGAY]; Druk Nymrub Tshogpa or DNT; Druck Chirwang Tshogpa or DCT" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "United Front for Democracy (exiled); Druk National Congress (exiled)", - "other": "Buddhist clergy; ethnic Nepalese organizations leading militant antigovernment campaign; Indian merchant community" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB, BIMSTEC, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, NAM, OPCW, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "text": "none; note - the Permanent Mission to the UN for Bhutan has consular jurisdiction in the US; the permanent representative to the UN is Lhatu WANGCHUK; address: 343 East 43rd Street, New York, NY 10017; telephone [1] (212) 682-2268; FAX [1] (212) 661-0551", - "consulates_general": "New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "text": "the US and Bhutan have no formal diplomatic relations, although informal contact is maintained between the Bhutanese and US Embassy in New Delhi (India)" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "divided diagonally from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle is yellow and the lower triangle is orange; centered along the dividing line is a large black and white dragon facing away from the hoist side; the dragon, called the Druk (Thunder Dragon), is the emblem of the nation; its white color stands for purity and the jewels in its claws symbolize wealth; the background colors represent spiritual and secular powers within Bhutan: the orange is associated with Buddhism, while the yellow denotes the ruling dynasty" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "thunder dragon known as Druk" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Druk tsendhen\" (The Thunder Dragon Kingdom)", - "lyrics_music": "Gyaldun Dasho Thinley DORJI/Aku TONGMI", - "note": "adopted 1953" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Bhutan's economy, small and less developed, is based on agriculture and forestry, which provide the main livelihood for more than 40% of the population. Agriculture consists largely of subsistence farming and animal husbandry. Rugged mountains dominate the terrain and make the building of roads and other infrastructure difficult and expensive. The economy is closely aligned with India's through strong trade and monetary links and is dependent on India's financial assistance. The industrial sector is technologically backward with most production of the cottage industry type. Most development projects, such as road construction, rely on Indian migrant labor. Model education, social, and environment programs are underway with support from multilateral development organizations. Each economic program takes into account the government''s desire to protect the country's environment and cultural traditions. For example, the government, in its cautious expansion of the tourist sector, encourages visits by upscale, environmentally conscientious tourists. Complicated controls and uncertain policies in areas such as industrial licensing, trade, labor, and finance continue to hamper foreign investment. The import of equipment and fuel to build hydropower plants is leading to large trade and current account deficits, though new hydropower projects and electricity exports to India are creating employment and will probably sustain growth in the coming years. GDP has rebounded strongly since the global recession began in 2008." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$5.036 billion (2012 est.); $4.591 billion (2011 est.); $4.23 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$2.196 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "9.7% (2012 est.); 8.5% (2011 est.); 11.7% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$6,800 (2012 est.); $6,200 (2011 est.); $5,800 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "36.3%", - "government_consumption": "22.5%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "63.6%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "37.4%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-59.9% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "16.7%", - "industry": "45.4%", - "services": "37.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "rice, corn, root crops, citrus; dairy products, eggs" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic beverages, calcium carbide, tourism" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "299,900", - "note": "major shortage of skilled labor (2008)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "43.7%", - "industry": "39.1%", - "services": "17.2% (2004 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "4% (2009); 2.5% (2004)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "23.2% (2008)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.3%", - "highest_10%": "37.6% (2003)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$615.7 million", - "expenditures": "$651.2 million", - "note": "the government of India finances nearly one-quarter of Bhutan's budget expenditures (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "28% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-1.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "64% of GDP (2011 est.); 55% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 July - 30 June" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "10.9% (2012 est.); 8.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "14% (31 December 2012 est.); 14.16% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$191.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $623.4 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$1.018 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $1.16 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$788.6 million (31 December 2012 est.); $747.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$312.1 million (2012 est.); -$354.9 million (2010 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$721.8 million (2012 est.); $662.2 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "electricity (to India), ferrosilicon, cement, calcium carbide, copper wire, manganese, vegetable oil" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$1.28 billion (2012 est.); $1.185 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "fuel and lubricants, passenger cars, machinery and parts, fabrics, rice" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$1.275 billion (2011); $836 million (2009)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "ngultrum (BTN) per US dollar -; 53.437 (2012 est.); 46.67 (2011 est.); 45.73 (2010 est.); 46.68 (2009 est.); 43.51 (2008 est.)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "6.826 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "1.161 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "5.5 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "20 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "1.505 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "1.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "98.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "1,719 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "1,590 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "276,300 Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "27,500 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "484,200 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "urban towns and district headquarters have telecommunications services", - "domestic": "low teledensity; domestic service is poor especially in rural areas; mobile-cellular service, started in 2003, is now widely available", - "international": "country code - 975; international telephone and telegraph service via landline and microwave relay through India; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (2012)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-owned TV station established in 1999; cable TV service offers dozens of Indian and other international channels; first radio station, privately launched in 1973, is now state-owned; 5 private radio stations are currently broadcasting (2012)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".bt" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "14,590 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "50,000 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "2 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2012)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "8,050 km", - "paved": "4,991 km (includes 622 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "3,059 km (2003)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Royal Bhutan Army (includes Royal Bodyguard and Royal Bhutan Police) (2009)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; militia training is compulsory for males aged 20-25, over a 3-year period (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "202,407", - "females_age_16_49": "180,349 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "157,664", - "females_age_16_49": "144,861 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "7,363", - "female": "7,095 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "lacking any treaty describing the boundary, Bhutan and China continue negotiations to establish a common boundary alignment to resolve territorial disputes arising from substantial cartographic discrepancies, the largest of which lie in Bhutan's northwest and along the Chumbi salient" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/asia/cn-china.json b/asia/cn-china.json deleted file mode 100644 index a37d667b..00000000 --- a/asia/cn-china.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,645 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "For centuries China stood as a leading civilization, outpacing the rest of the world in the arts and sciences, but in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the country was beset by civil unrest, major famines, military defeats, and foreign occupation. After World War II, the communists under MAO Zedong established an autocratic socialist system that, while ensuring China's sovereignty, imposed strict controls over everyday life and cost the lives of tens of millions of people. After 1978, MAO's successor DENG Xiaoping and other leaders focused on market-oriented economic development and by 2000 output had quadrupled. For much of the population, living standards have improved dramatically and the room for personal choice has expanded, yet political controls remain tight. Since the early 1990s, China has increased its global outreach and participation in international organizations." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Eastern Asia, bordering the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and South China Sea, between North Korea and Vietnam" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "35 00 N, 105 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Asia" - }, - "area": { - "total": "9,596,961 sq km", - "land": "9,569,901 sq km", - "water": "27,060 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than the US" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "22,117 km", - "border_countries": "Afghanistan 76 km, Bhutan 470 km, Burma 2,185 km, India 3,380 km, Kazakhstan 1,533 km, North Korea 1,416 km, Kyrgyzstan 858 km, Laos 423 km, Mongolia 4,677 km, Nepal 1,236 km, Pakistan 523 km, Russia (northeast) 3,605 km, Russia (northwest) 40 km, Tajikistan 414 km, Vietnam 1,281 km", - "regional_borders": "Hong Kong 30 km, Macau 0.34 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "14,500 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly mountains, high plateaus, deserts in west; plains, deltas, and hills in east" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Turpan Pendi -154 m", - "highest_point": "Mount Everest 8,850 m (highest point in Asia)" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "coal, iron ore, petroleum, natural gas, mercury, tin, tungsten, antimony, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, magnetite, aluminum, lead, zinc, rare earth elements, uranium, hydropower potential (world's largest)" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "11.62%", - "permanent_crops": "1.53%", - "other": "86.84% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "629,380 sq km (2006)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "2,840 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "554.1 cu km/yr (12%/23%/65%)", - "per_capita": "409.9 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "frequent typhoons (about five per year along southern and eastern coasts); damaging floods; tsunamis; earthquakes; droughts; land subsidence", - "volcanism": "China contains some historically active volcanoes including Changbaishan (also known as Baitoushan, Baegdu, or P'aektu-san), Hainan Dao, and Kunlun although most have been relatively inactive in recent centuries" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "air pollution (greenhouse gases, sulfur dioxide particulates) from reliance on coal produces acid rain; China is the world's largest single emitter of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels; water shortages, particularly in the north; water pollution from untreated wastes; deforestation; estimated loss of one-fifth of agricultural land since 1949 to soil erosion and economic development; desertification; trade in endangered species" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "world's fourth largest country (after Russia, Canada, and US); Mount Everest on the border with Nepal is the world's tallest peak" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Chinese (singular and plural)", - "adjective": "Chinese" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Han Chinese 91.5%, Zhuang, Manchu, Hui, Miao, Uighur, Tujia, Yi, Mongol, Tibetan, Buyi, Dong, Yao, Korean, and other nationalities 8.5% (2000 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Standard Chinese or Mandarin (Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghainese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages (see Ethnic groups entry)", - "note": "Mongolian is official in Nei Mongol, Uighur is official in Xinjiang Uygur, and Tibetan is official in Xizang (Tibet)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Daoist (Taoist), Buddhist, Christian 3%-4%, Muslim 1%-2%", - "note": "officially atheist (2002 est.)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "1,349,585,838 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "17.2% (male 124,773,577/female 107,286,198)", - "15_24_years": "15.4% (male 109,922,192/female 98,325,568)", - "25_54_years": "46.7% (male 322,161,347/female 308,101,780)", - "55_64_years": "11.3% (male 77,374,476/female 75,289,733)", - "65_years_and_over": "9.4% (male 60,597,243/female 65,753,724) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "36.8 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "24.7 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "12.1 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "8.2 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "36.3 years", - "male": "35.5 years", - "female": "37.2 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.46% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "12.25 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "7.31 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.33 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "50.6% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.85% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "Shanghai 16.575 million; BEIJING (capital) 15.594 million; Chongqing 9.401 million; Shenzhen 9.005 million; Guangzhou 8.884 million (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.12 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.17 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.11 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.92 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.06 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "37 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "15.2 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "15.16 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "15.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "74.99 years", - "male": "72.96 years", - "female": "77.27 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.55 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "84.6% (2006)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "5.1% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.42 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "4.2 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 85% of population; total: 91% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 15% of population; total: 9% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 74% of population; rural: 56% of population; total: 64% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 26% of population; rural: 44% of population; total: 36% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "740,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "26,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "intermediate", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_disease": "Japanese encephalitis", - "soil_contact_disease": "hantaviral hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS)", - "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds\r\n (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "5.7% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "3.4% (2010)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "95.1%", - "male": "97.5%", - "female": "92.7% (2010 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "12 years", - "male": "12 years", - "female": "12 years (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "People's Republic of China", - "conventional_short_form": "China", - "local_long_form": "Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo", - "local_short_form": "Zhongguo", - "abbreviation": "PRC" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "Communist state" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Beijing", - "geographic_coordinates": "39 55 N, 116 23 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "note": "despite its size, all of China falls within one time zone; many people in Xinjiang Province observe an unofficial \"Xinjiang time zone\" of UTC+6, two hours behind Beijing" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "23 provinces (sheng, singular and plural), 5 autonomous regions (zizhiqu, singular and plural), and 4 municipalities (shi, singular and plural)", - "provinces": "Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang; (see note on Taiwan)", - "autonomous_regions": "Guangxi, Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia), Ningxia, Xinjiang Uygur, Xizang (Tibet)", - "municipalities": "Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai, Tianjin", - "note": "China considers Taiwan its 23rd province; see separate entries for the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "1 October 1949 (People's Republic of China established); notable earlier dates: 221 B.C. (unification under the Qin Dynasty); 1 January 1912 (Qing Dynasty replaced by the Republic of China)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, 1 October (1949)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "most recent promulgation 4 December 1982; amended several times" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law influenced by Soviet and continental European civil law systems; legislature retains power to interpret statutes; note - criminal procedure law revised in early 2012" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President XI Jinping (since 14 March 2013); Vice President LI Yuanchao (since 14 March 2013)", - "head_of_government": "Premier LI Keqiang (since 16 March 2013); Executive Vice Premier ZHANG Gaoli (since 16 March 2013), Vice Premier LIU Yandong (since 16 March 2013), Vice Premier MA Kai (since 16 March 2013), and Vice Premier WANG Yang (since 16 March 2013)", - "cabinet": "State Council appointed by National People's Congress", - "elections": "president and vice president elected by National People's Congress for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 5-17 March 2013 (next to be held in March 2018); premier nominated by president, confirmed by National People's Congress", - "election_results": "XI Jinping elected president by National People's Congress with a total of 2,952 votes; LI Yuanchao elected vice president with a total of 2,940 votes" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National People's Congress or Quanguo Renmin Daibiao Dahui (2,987 seats; members elected by municipal, regional, and provincial people's congresses, and People's Liberation Army to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held in December 2007-February 2008 (next to be held in late 2012 to early 2013)", - "election_results": "percent of vote - NA; seats - 2,987", - "note": "in practice, only members of the CCP, its eight allied parties, and CCP-approved independent candidates are elected" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme People's Court (consists of over 340 judges including the chief justice, 13 grand justices organized into a civil committee and tribunals for civil, economic, administrative, complaint and appeal, and communication and transportation cases) note - in October 2012, China issued a white paper on planned judicial reform", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "chief justice appointed by the People's National Congress; term limited to two consecutive 5-year terms; other justices and judges nominated by the chief justice and appointed by the Standing Committee of the People's National Congress; term of other justices and judges NA", - "subordinate_courts": "Higher People's Courts; Intermediate People's Courts; District and County People's Courts; Autonomous Region People's Courts; Special People's Courts for military, maritime, transportation, and forestry issues" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Chinese Communist Party or CCP [XI Jinping]; eight nominally independent small parties ultimately controlled by the CCP" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "no substantial political opposition groups exist" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB, AfDB (nonregional member), APEC, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), BIS, CDB, CICA, EAS, FAO, FATF, G-20, G-24 (observer), G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), OPCW, PCA, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), SCO, SICA (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNMIT, UNOCI, UNSC (permanent), UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador CUI Tiankai", - "chancery": "3505 International Place NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 495-2266", - "fax": "[1] (202) 495-2138", - "consulates_general": "Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Gary LOCKE", - "embassy": "55 An Jia Lou Lu, 100600 Beijing", - "mailing_address": "PSC 461, Box 50, FPO AP 96521-0002", - "telephone": "[86] (10) 8531-3000", - "fax": "[86] (10) 8531-3300", - "consulates_general": "Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Shenyang, Wuhan" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "red with a large yellow five-pointed star and four smaller yellow five-pointed stars (arranged in a vertical arc toward the middle of the flag) in the upper hoist-side corner; the color red represents revolution, while the stars symbolize the four social classes - the working class, the peasantry, the urban petty bourgeoisie, and the national bourgeoisie (capitalists) - united under the Communist Party of China" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "dragon" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Yiyongjun Jinxingqu\" (The March of the Volunteers)", - "lyrics_music": "TIAN Han/NIE Er", - "note": "adopted 1949; the anthem, though banned during the Cultural Revolution, is more commonly known as \"Zhongguo Guoge\" (Chinese National Song); it was originally the theme song to the 1935 Chinese movie, \"Sons and Daughters in a Time of Storm\"" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Since the late 1970s China has moved from a closed, centrally planned system to a more market-oriented one that plays a major global role - in 2010 China became the world's largest exporter. Reforms began with the phasing out of collectivized agriculture, and expanded to include the gradual liberalization of prices, fiscal decentralization, increased autonomy for state enterprises, creation of a diversified banking system, development of stock markets, rapid growth of the private sector, and opening to foreign trade and investment. China has implemented reforms in a gradualist fashion. In recent years, China has renewed its support for state-owned enterprises in sectors it considers important to \"economic security,\" explicitly looking to foster globally competitive national champions. After keeping its currency tightly linked to the US dollar for years, in July 2005 China revalued its currency by 2.1% against the US dollar and moved to an exchange rate system that references a basket of currencies. From mid 2005 to late 2008 cumulative appreciation of the renminbi against the US dollar was more than 20%, but the exchange rate remained virtually pegged to the dollar from the onset of the global financial crisis until June 2010, when Beijing allowed resumption of a gradual appreciation. The restructuring of the economy and resulting efficiency gains have contributed to a more than tenfold increase in GDP since 1978. Measured on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis that adjusts for price differences, China in 2012 stood as the second-largest economy in the world after the US, having surpassed Japan in 2001. The dollar values of China's agricultural and industrial output each exceed those of the US; China is second to the US in the value of services it produces. Still, per capita income is below the world average. The Chinese government faces numerous economic challenges, including: (a) reducing its high domestic savings rate and correspondingly low domestic demand; (b) sustaining adequate job growth for tens of millions of migrants and new entrants to the work force; (c) reducing corruption and other economic crimes; and (d) containing environmental damage and social strife related to the economy's rapid transformation. Economic development has progressed further in coastal provinces than in the interior, and by 2011 more than 250 million migrant workers and their dependents had relocated to urban areas to find work. One consequence of population control policy is that China is now one of the most rapidly aging countries in the world. Deterioration in the environment - notably air pollution, soil erosion, and the steady fall of the water table, especially in the North - is another long-term problem. China continues to lose arable land because of erosion and economic development. The Chinese government is seeking to add energy production capacity from sources other than coal and oil, focusing on nuclear and alternative energy development. In 2010-11, China faced high inflation resulting largely from its credit-fueled stimulus program. Some tightening measures appear to have controlled inflation, but GDP growth consequently slowed to under 8% for 2012. An economic slowdown in Europe contributed to China's, and is expected to further drag Chinese growth in 2013. Debt overhang from the stimulus program, particularly among local governments, and a property price bubble challenge policy makers currently. The government's 12th Five-Year Plan, adopted in March 2011, emphasizes continued economic reforms and the need to increase domestic consumption in order to make the economy less dependent on exports in the future. However, China has made only marginal progress toward these rebalancing goals." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$12.61 trillion (2012 est.); $11.7 trillion (2011 est.); $10.7 trillion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$8.227 trillion", - "note": "because China's exchange rate is determine by fiat, rather than by market forces, the official exchange rate measure of GDP is not an accurate measure of China's output; GDP at the official exchange rate substantially understates the actual level of China's output vis-a-vis the rest of the world; in China's situation, GDP at purchasing power parity provides the best measure for comparing output across countries (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "7.8% (2012 est.); 9.3% (2011 est.); 10.4% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$9,300 (2012 est.); $8,700 (2011 est.); $8,000 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "50.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 51.1% of GDP (2011 est.); 52.1% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "35.7%", - "government_consumption": "13.5%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "46.1%", - "investment_in_inventories": "2%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "26.9%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-24.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "10.1%", - "industry": "45.3%", - "services": "44.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "world leader in gross value of agricultural output; rice, wheat, potatoes, corn, peanuts, tea, millet, barley, apples, cotton, oilseed; pork; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "world leader in gross value of industrial output; mining and ore processing, iron, steel, aluminum, and other metals, coal; machine building; armaments; textiles and apparel; petroleum; cement; chemicals; fertilizers; consumer products, including footwear, toys, and electronics; food processing; transportation equipment, including automobiles, rail cars and locomotives, ships, and aircraft; telecommunications equipment, commercial space launch vehicles, satellites" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "8.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "798.5 million", - "note": "by the end of 2012, China's population at working age (15-64 years) was 1.0040 billion" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "34.8%", - "industry": "29.5%", - "services": "35.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "6.5% (2012 est.); 6.5% (2011 est.)", - "note": "registered urban unemployment, which excludes private enterprises and migrants, was 4.1% in 2012" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "13.4%", - "note": "in 2011, China set a new poverty line at RMB 2300 (approximately US $3,630) (2011)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.5%", - "highest_10%": "15%", - "note": "data are for urban households only (2008)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "47.4 (2012); 48.4 (2007)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$1.857 trillion", - "expenditures": "$1.992 trillion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "22.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-1.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "31.7% of GDP (2012 est.); 38.5% of GDP (2011)", - "note": "official data; data cover both central government debt and local government debt, which China's National Audit Office estimated at RMB 10.72 trillion (approximately US$1.66 trillion) in 2011; data exclude policy bank bonds, Ministry of Railway debt, China Asset Management Company debt, and non-performing loans" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.6% (2012 est.); 5.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "2.25% (31 December 2012 est.); 2.25% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "6% (31 December 2012 est.); 6.56% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$4.907 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.6 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$15.49 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $13.52 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$12.81 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $10.92 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$3.665 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.408 trillion (31 December 2011); $4.763 trillion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$213.8 billion (2012 est.); $201.7 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$2.057 trillion (2012 est.); $1.812 trillion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "electrical and other machinery, including data processing equipment, apparel, radio telephone handsets, textiles, integrated circuits" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 17.2%, Hong Kong 15.8%, Japan 7.4%, South Korea 4.3% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$1.735 trillion (2012 est.); $1.57 trillion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "electrical and other machinery, oil and mineral fuels, optical and medical equipment, metal ores, motor vehicles" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Japan 9.8%, South Korea 9.2%, US 7.1%, Germany 5.1%, Australia 4.3% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$3.341 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.213 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$770.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $685.4 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$1.344 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.232 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$502 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $424.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Renminbi yuan (RMB) per US dollar -; 6.3123 (2012 est.); 6.4615 (2011 est.); 6.7703 (2010 est.); 6.8314 (2009); 6.9385 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "4.94 trillion kWh (2012)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "4.693 trillion kWh (2011)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "17.65 billion kWh (2012)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "6.874 billion kWh (2012)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "1.146 billion kW (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "69.5% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "1.1% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "21.8% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "7.6% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "4.15 million bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "48,700 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "5.422 million bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "14.8 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "8.992 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "9.79 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "623,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "1.571 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "107.7 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "147.1 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "3.21 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "42.5 billion cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "3.2 trillion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "8.321 billion Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "285.115 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "986.253 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use; unevenly distributed domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and many towns; China continues to develop its telecommunications infrastructure; China in the summer of 2008 began a major restructuring of its telecommunications industry, resulting in the consolidation of its six telecom service operators to three, China Telecom, China Mobile and China Unicom, each providing both fixed-line and mobile services", - "domestic": "interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular telephone systems have been installed; mobile-cellular subscribership is increasing rapidly; the number of Internet users exceeded 564 million by the end of 2012; a domestic satellite system with several earth stations is in place", - "international": "country code - 86; a number of submarine cables provide connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the US; satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean; 1 Intersputnik - Indian Ocean region; and 1 Inmarsat - Pacific and Indian Ocean regions) (2012)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "all broadcast media are owned by, or affiliated with, the Communist Party of China or a government agency; no privately owned TV or radio stations; state-run Chinese Central TV, provincial, and municipal stations offer more than 2,000 channels; the Central Propaganda Department lists subjects that are off limits to domestic broadcast media with the government maintaining authority to approve all programming; foreign-made TV programs must be approved prior to broadcast" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".cn" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "20.602 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "389 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "507 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "463", - "over_3_047_m": "71", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "158", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "123", - "914_to_1_523_m": "25", - "under_914_m": "86 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "44", - "over_3_047_m": "4", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "7", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "6", - "914_to_1_523_m": "9", - "under_914_m": "18 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "47 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "condensate 9 km; gas 48,502 km; oil 23,072 km; oil/gas/water 31 km; refined products 15,298 km; water 9 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "86,000 km", - "standard_gauge": "86,000 km 1.435-m gauge (36,000 km electrified) (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "4,106,387 km", - "paved": "3,453,890 km (includes 84,946 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "652,497 km (2011)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "110,000 km (navigable waterways) (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "2,030", - "by_type": "barge carrier 7, bulk carrier 621, cargo 566, carrier 10, chemical tanker 140, container 206, liquefied gas 60, passenger 9, passenger/cargo 81, petroleum tanker 264, refrigerated cargo 33, roll on/roll off 8, specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 23", - "foreign_owned": "22 (Hong Kong 18, Indonesia 2, Japan 2)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "1,559 (Bangladesh 1, Belize 61, Cambodia 177, Comoros 1, Cyprus 6, Georgia 10, Honduras 2, Hong Kong 500, India 1, Indonesia 1, Kiribati 26, Liberia 4, Malta 6, Marshall Islands 14, North Korea 3, Panama 534, Philippines 4, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 65, Sao Tome and Principe 1, Sierra Leone 19, Singapore 29, South Korea 6, Thailand 1, Togo 1, Tuvalu 4, UK 7, Vanuatu 1, unknown 73) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Dalian, Ningbo, Qingdao, Qinhuangdao, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Tianjin", - "river_ports": "Guangzhou (Pearl)", - "container_ports": "Dalian (6,400,300), Guangzhou (14,260,400), Ningbo (14,719,200), Qingdao (13,020,100), Shanghai (31,739,000), Shenzhen (22,570,800), Tianjin (11,587,600)(2011)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "People's Liberation Army (PLA): Ground Forces, Navy (PLAN; includes marines and naval aviation), Air Force (Zhongguo Renmin Jiefangjun Kongjun, PLAAF; includes Airborne Forces), and Second Artillery Corps (strategic missile force); People's Armed Police (Renmin Wuzhuang Jingcha Budui, PAP); PLA Reserve Force (2012)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-24 years of age for selective compulsory military service, with a 2-year service obligation; no minimum age for voluntary service (all officers are volunteers); 18-19 years of age for women high school graduates who meet requirements for specific military jobs; a recent military decision allows women in combat roles; the first class of women warship commanders was in 2011 (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "385,821,101", - "females_age_16_49": "363,789,674 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "318,265,016", - "females_age_16_49": "300,323,611 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "10,406,544", - "female": "9,131,990 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "2.6% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "continuing talks and confidence-building measures work toward reducing tensions over Kashmir that nonetheless remains militarized with portions under the de facto administration of China (Aksai Chin), India (Jammu and Kashmir), and Pakistan (Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas); India does not recognize Pakistan's ceding historic Kashmir lands to China in 1964; China and India continue their security and foreign policy dialogue started in 2005 related to the dispute over most of their rugged, militarized boundary, regional nuclear proliferation, and other matters; China claims most of India's Arunachal Pradesh to the base of the Himalayas; lacking any treaty describing the boundary, Bhutan and China continue negotiations to establish a common boundary alignment to resolve territorial disputes arising from substantial cartographic discrepancies, the largest of which lie in Bhutan's northwest and along the Chumbi salient; Burmese forces attempting to dig in to the largely autonomous Shan State to rout local militias tied to the drug trade, prompts local residents to periodically flee into neighboring Yunnan Province in China; Chinese maps show an international boundary symbol off the coasts of the littoral states of the South China Seas, where China has interrupted Vietnamese hydrocarbon exploration; China asserts sovereignty over Scarborough Reef along with the Philippines and Taiwan, and over the Spratly Islands together with Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, and Brunei; the 2002 Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea eased tensions in the Spratlys but is not the legally binding code of conduct sought by some parties; Vietnam and China continue to expand construction of facilities in the Spratlys and in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord on marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands; China occupies some of the Paracel Islands also claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan; China and Taiwan continue to reject both Japan's claims to the uninhabited islands of Senkaku-shoto (Diaoyu Tai) and Japan's unilaterally declared equidistance line in the East China Sea, the site of intensive hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation; certain islands in the Yalu and Tumen rivers are in dispute with North Korea; North Korea and China seek to stem illegal migration to China by North Koreans, fleeing privations and oppression, by building a fence along portions of the border and imprisoning North Koreans deported by China; China and Russia have demarcated the once disputed islands at the Amur and Ussuri confluence and in the Argun River in accordance with their 2004 Agreement; China and Tajikistan have begun demarcating the revised boundary agreed to in the delimitation of 2002; the decade-long demarcation of the China-Vietnam land boundary was completed in 2009; citing environmental, cultural, and social concerns, China has reconsidered construction of 13 dams on the Salween River, but energy-starved Burma, with backing from Thailand, remains intent on building five hydro-electric dams downstream despite regional and international protests; Chinese and Hong Kong authorities met in March 2008 to resolve ownership and use of lands recovered in Shenzhen River channelization, including 96-hectare Lok Ma Chau Loop; Hong Kong developing plans to reduce 2,000 out of 2,800 hectares of its restricted Closed Area by 2010" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "300,897 (Vietnam); estimated 30,000-50,000 (North Korea) (2012)", - "idps": "90,000 (2010)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "China is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for the purposes of sexual exploitation and forced labor; the majority of trafficking in China occurs within the country's borders, there are many reports that Chinese men, women, and children may be subjected to conditions of sex trafficking and forced labor in numerous countries and territories worldwide; women and children are trafficked to China from Burma, Vietnam, Laos, Mongolia, Russia, North Korea, and even as far away as Europe and Africa for forced labor and prostitution; some Chinese adults and children are forced into prostitution and various forms of forced labor, including begging, stealing, and working in brick kilns, coal mines, and factories", - "tier_rating": "Tier 3 - China does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and was downgraded to Tier 3 after the maximum of two consecutive annual waivers; the government has not demonstrated significant efforts to comprehensively prohibit and punish all forms of trafficking and to prosecute traffickers; the government also has not reported providing comprehensive victim protection services to domestic or foreign, male or female victims of trafficking; in 2013, the government released an eight-year national action plan, which includes measures to improve interagency and other internal coordination among anti-trafficking stakeholders and victim protection (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "major transshipment point for heroin produced in the Golden Triangle region of Southeast Asia; growing domestic consumption of synthetic drugs, and heroin from Southeast and Southwest Asia; source country for methamphetamine and heroin chemical precursors, despite new regulations on its large chemical industry\r\n (2008)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/asia/id-indonesia.json b/asia/id-indonesia.json deleted file mode 100644 index a2e5edd9..00000000 --- a/asia/id-indonesia.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,643 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The Dutch began to colonize Indonesia in the early 17th century; Japan occupied the islands from 1942 to 1945. Indonesia declared its independence shortly before Japan's surrender, but it required four years of sometimes brutal fighting, intermittent negotiations, and UN mediation before the Netherlands agreed to transfer sovereignty in 1949. A period of sometimes unruly parliamentary democracy ended in 1957 when President SOEKARNO declared martial law and instituted \"Guided Democracy.\" After an abortive coup in 1965 by alleged communist sympathizers, SOEKARNO was gradually eased from power. From 1967 until 1988, President SUHARTO ruled Indonesia with his \"New Order\" government. After rioting toppled Suharto in 1998, free and fair legislative elections took place in 1999. Indonesia is now the world's third most populous democracy, the world's largest archipelagic state, and the world's largest Muslim-majority nation. Current issues include: alleviating poverty, improving education, preventing terrorism, consolidating democracy after four decades of authoritarianism, implementing economic and financial reforms, stemming corruption, reforming the criminal justice system, holding the military and police accountable for human rights violations, addressing climate change, and controlling infectious diseases, particularly those of global and regional importance. In 2005, Indonesia reached a historic peace agreement with armed separatists in Aceh, which led to democratic elections in Aceh in December 2006. Indonesia continues to face low intensity armed resistance in Papua by the separatist Free Papua Movement." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "5 00 S, 120 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Southeast Asia" - }, - "area": { - "total": "1,904,569 sq km", - "land": "1,811,569 sq km", - "water": "93,000 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly less than three times the size of Texas" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "2,830 km", - "border_countries": "Timor-Leste 228 km, Malaysia 1,782 km, Papua New Guinea 820 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "54,716 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines", - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Indian Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Puncak Jaya 4,884 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "12.34%", - "permanent_crops": "10.5%", - "other": "77.16% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "67,220 sq km (2005)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "2,019 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "113.3 cu km/yr (11%/19%/71%)", - "per_capita": "517.3 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "occasional floods; severe droughts; tsunamis; earthquakes; volcanoes; forest fires", - "volcanism": "Indonesia contains the most volcanoes of any country in the world - some 76 are historically active; significant volcanic activity occurs on Java, western Sumatra, the Sunda Islands, Halmahera Island, Sulawesi Island, Sangihe Island, and in the Banda Sea; Merapi (elev. 2,968 m), Indonesia's most active volcano and in eruption since 2010, has been deemed a \"Decade Volcano\" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; other notable historically active volcanoes include Agung, Awu, Karangetang, Krakatau (Krakatoa), Makian, Raung, and Tambora" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation; water pollution from industrial wastes, sewage; air pollution in urban areas; smoke and haze from forest fires" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Marine Life Conservation" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "archipelago of 17,508 islands (6,000 inhabited); straddles equator; strategic location astride or along major sea lanes from Indian Ocean to Pacific Ocean" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Indonesian(s)", - "adjective": "Indonesian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Javanese 40.6%, Sundanese 15%, Madurese 3.3%, Minangkabau 2.7%, Betawi 2.4%, Bugis 2.4%, Banten 2%, Banjar 1.7%, other or unspecified 29.9% (2000 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects (of which the most widely spoken is Javanese)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim 86.1%, Protestant 5.7%, Roman Catholic 3%, Hindu 1.8%, other or unspecified 3.4% (2000 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "251,160,124 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "26.6% (male 34,049,541/female 32,844,509)", - "15_24_years": "17.1% (male 21,883,499/female 21,117,498)", - "25_54_years": "42.2% (male 53,766,202/female 52,325,932)", - "55_64_years": "7.6% (male 8,879,503/female 10,164,470)", - "65_years_and_over": "6.4% (male 7,038,904/female 9,090,066) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "51.8 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "43.8 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "7.9 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "12.6 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "28.9 years", - "male": "28.4 years", - "female": "29.5 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.99% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "17.38 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "6.31 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-1.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "50.7% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.45% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "JAKARTA (capital) 9.121 million; Surabaya 2.509 million; Bandung 2.412 million; Medan 2.131 million; Semarang 1.296 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.89 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.78 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "22.5 (2007 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "220 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "26.06 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "30.47 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "21.42 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "71.9 years", - "male": "69.33 years", - "female": "74.59 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.2 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "61.9% (2012)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "2.6% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.29 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.6 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 92% of population; rural: 74% of population; total: 82% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 8% of population; rural: 26% of population; total: 18% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 73% of population; rural: 39% of population; total: 54% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 27% of population; rural: 61% of population; total: 46% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.2% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "310,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "8,300 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever and malaria", - "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "4.8% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "19.6% (2007)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "3% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "92.8%", - "male": "95.6%", - "female": "90.1% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "13 years", - "male": "13 years", - "female": "13 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "4,026,285", - "percentage": "7 %", - "note": "data represents children ages 5-17 (2009 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "22.2%", - "male": "21.6%", - "female": "23% (2009)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Indonesia", - "conventional_short_form": "Indonesia", - "local_long_form": "Republik Indonesia", - "local_short_form": "Indonesia", - "former": "Netherlands East Indies, Dutch East Indies" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Jakarta", - "geographic_coordinates": "6 10 S, 106 49 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "note": "Indonesia is divided into three time zones" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "31 provinces (provinsi-provinsi, singular - provinsi), 2 special regions* (daerah-daerah istimewa, singular - daerah istimewa), and 1 special capital city district** (daerah khusus ibukota); Aceh*, Bali, Banten, Bengkulu, Gorontalo, Jakarta Raya**, Jambi, Jawa Barat (West Java), Jawa Tengah (Central Java), Jawa Timur (East Java), Kalimantan Barat (West Kalimantan), Kalimantan Selatan (South Kalimantan), Kalimantan Utara (North Kalimantan), Kalimantan Tengah (Central Kalimantan), Kalimantan Timur (East Kalimantan), Kepulauan Bangka Belitung (Bangka Belitung Islands), Kepulauan Riau (Riau Islands), Lampung, Maluku, Maluku Utara (North Maluku), Nusa Tenggara Barat (West Nusa Tenggara), Nusa Tenggara Timur (East Nusa Tenggara), Papua, Papua Barat (West Papua), Riau, Sulawesi Barat (West Sulawesi), Sulawesi Selatan (South Sulawesi), Sulawesi Tengah (Central Sulawesi), Sulawesi Tenggara (Southeast Sulawesi), Sulawesi Utara (North Sulawesi), Sumatera Barat (West Sumatra), Sumatera Selatan (South Sumatra), Sumatera Utara (North Sumatra), Yogyakarta*", - "note": "following the implementation of decentralization beginning on 1 January 2001, regencies and municipalities have become the key administrative units responsible for providing most government services" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "17 August 1945 (declared)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 17 August (1945)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "August 1945; abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 and Provisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959; series of amendments concluded in 2002" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system based on the Roman-Dutch model and influenced by customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "17 years of age; universal and married persons regardless of age" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO (since 20 October 2004); Vice President BOEDIONO (since 20 October 2009); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO (since 20 October 2004); Vice President BOEDIONO (since 20 October 2009)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president", - "elections": "president and vice president elected for five-year terms (eligible for a second term) by direct vote of the citizenry; presidential election last held on 8 July 2009 (next to be held in 2014)", - "election_results": "Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO elected president; percent of vote - Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO 60.8%, MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri 26.8%, Jusuf KALLA 12.4%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "People's Consultative Assembly (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat or MPR) is the upper house; it consists of members of the DPR and DPD and has role in inaugurating and impeaching the president and in amending the constitution but does not formulate national policy; House of Representatives or Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) (560 seats, members elected to serve five-year terms), formulates and passes legislation at the national level; House of Regional Representatives (Dewan Perwakilan Daerah or DPD), constitutionally mandated role includes providing legislative input to DPR on issues affecting regions (132 members, four from each of Indonesia's origianal 30 provinces, two special regions, and one special capital city district)", - "elections": "last held on 9 April 2009 (next to be held in 2014)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - PD 20.9%, GOLKAR 14.5%, PDI-P 14.0%, PKS 7.9%, PAN 6.0%, PPP 5.3%, PKB 4.9%, GERINDRA 4.5%, HANURA 3.8%, others 18.2%; seats by party - PD 148, GOLKAR 107, PDI-P 94, PKS 57, PAN 46, PPP 37, PKB 28, GERINDRA 26, HANURA 17", - "note": "29 other parties received less than 2.5% of the vote so did not obtain any seats; because of election rules, the number of seats won does not always follow the percentage of votes received by parties" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Mahkamah Agung (51 judges divided into 8 chambers); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges nominated by Judicial Commission, appointed by president with concurrence of parliament; judges serve until retirement age; Constitutional Court judges - 3 nominated by president, 3 by Supreme Court, and 3 by parliament; judges appointed by the president; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 70", - "subordinate_courts": "High Courts of Appeal, district courts, religious courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Democrat Party or PD [Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO]; Functional Groups Party or GOLKAR [Aburizal BAKRIE]; Great Indonesia Movement Party or GERINDRA [SUHARDI]; Indonesia Democratic Party-Struggle or PDI-P [MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri]; National Awakening Party or PKB [Muhaiman ISKANDAR]; National Mandate Party or PAN [Hatta RAJASA]; People's Conscience Party or HANURA [WIRANTO]; Prosperous Justice Party or PKS [Anis MATTA]; United Development Party or PPP [Suryadharma ALI]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Commission for the \"Disappeared\" and Victims of Violence or KontraS; Indonesia Corruption Watch or ICW; Indonesian Forum for the Environment or WALHI" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, BIS, CD, CICA (observer), CP, D-8, EAS, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-11, G-15, G-20, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OECD (Enhanced Engagement, OIC, OPCW, PIF (partner), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Dino Patti DJALAL", - "chancery": "2020 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 775-5200", - "fax": "[1] (202) 775-5365", - "consulates_general": "Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Kristen F. BAUER", - "embassy": "Jalan Medan Merdeka Selatan 3-5, Jakarta 10110", - "mailing_address": "Unit 8129, Box 1, FPO AP 96520", - "telephone": "[62] (21) 3435-9000", - "fax": "[62] (21) 386-2259", - "consulate_general": "Surabaya", - "presence_post": "Medan", - "consular_agent": "Bali" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; the colors derive from the banner of the Majapahit Empire of the 13th-15th centuries; red symbolizes courage, white represents purity", - "note": "similar to the flag of Monaco, which is shorter; also similar to the flag of Poland, which is white (top) and red" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "garuda (mythical bird)" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Indonesia Raya\" (Great Indonesia)", - "lyrics_music": "Wage Rudolf SOEPRATMAN", - "note": "adopted 1945" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Indonesia, a vast polyglot nation, grew more than 6% annually in 2010-12. The government made economic advances under the first administration of President YUDHOYONO (2004-09), introducing significant reforms in the financial sector, including tax and customs reforms, the use of Treasury bills, and capital market development and supervision. During the global financial crisis, Indonesia outperformed its regional neighbors and joined China and India as the only G20 members posting growth in 2009. The government has promoted fiscally conservative policies, resulting in a debt-to-GDP ratio of less than 25%, a fiscal deficit below 3%, and historically low rates of inflation. Fitch and Moody's upgraded Indonesia's credit rating to investment grade in December 2011. Indonesia still struggles with poverty and unemployment, inadequate infrastructure, corruption, a complex regulatory environment, and unequal resource distribution among regions. The government in 2013 faces the ongoing challenge of improving Indonesia''s insufficient infrastructure to remove impediments to economic growth, labor unrest over wages, and reducing its fuel subsidy program in the face of high oil prices." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$1.237 trillion (2012 est.); $1.164 trillion (2011 est.); $1.093 trillion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$878.2 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "6.2% (2012 est.); 6.5% (2011 est.); 6.2% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$5,100 (2012 est.); $4,800 (2011 est.); $4,600 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "32.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 33.1% of GDP (2011 est.); 33% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "54.6%", - "government_consumption": "8.9%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "33.2%", - "investment_in_inventories": "2.2%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "24.3%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-25.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "14.4%", - "industry": "47%", - "services": "38.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "rubber and similar products, palm oil, poultry, beef, forest products, shrimp, cocoa, coffee, medicinal herbs, essential oil, fish and its similar products, and spices" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "petroleum and natural gas, textiles, automotive, electrical appliances, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, medical instuments and appliances, handicrafts, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, processed food, jewelry, and tourism" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "5.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "118.1 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "38.9%", - "industry": "22.2%", - "services": "47.9% (2012 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "6.1% (2012 est.); 6.6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "11.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.3%", - "highest_10%": "29.9% (2009)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "36.8 (2009); 39.4 (2005)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$164 billion", - "expenditures": "$180.9 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "18.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-1.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "23% of GDP (2012 est.); 22.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "4.3% (2012 est.); 5.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "6.37% (31 December 2010); 6.46% (31 December 2009)", - "note": "this figure represents the 3-month SBI rate; the Bank of Indonesia has not employed the one-month SBI since September 2010" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "11.8% (31 December 2012 est.); 12.4% (31 December 2011 est.)", - "note": "these figures represent the average annualized rate on working capital loans" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$87.04 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $79.73 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$355.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $317.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$350 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $307.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$426.8 billion (31 December 2012); $390.1 billion (31 December 2011); $360.4 billion (31 December 2010)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$20.73 billion (2012 est.); $2.069 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$187 billion (2012 est.); $191.1 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "oil and gas, electrical appliances, plywood, textiles, rubber" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Japan 15.9%, China 11.4%, Singapore 9%, South Korea 7.9%, US 7.8%, India 6.6%, Malaysia 5.9% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$178.5 billion (2012 est.); $157.3 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 15.3%, Singapore 13.6%, Japan 11.9%, Malaysia 6.4%, South Korea 6.2%, US 6.1%, Thailand 6% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$112.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $110.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$251.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $225.4 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$192.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $173.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$14.93 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $9.502 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Indonesian rupiah (IDR) per US dollar -; 9,386.6 (2012 est.); 8,770.43 (2011 est.); 9,090.4 (2010 est.); 10,389.9 (2009); 9,698.9 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "183.4 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "158 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "2.542 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "39.9 million kW (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "87% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "9.9% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "3.1% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "912,100 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "371,400 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "265,400 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "4 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "935,300 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "1.322 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "142,400 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "407,700 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "82.8 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "41.35 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "41.25 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "3.994 trillion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "402.1 million Mt (2011 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "38.618 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "249.8 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "domestic service includes an interisland microwave system, an HF radio police net, and a domestic satellite communications system; international service good", - "domestic": "coverage provided by existing network has been expanded by use of over 200,000 telephone kiosks many located in remote areas; mobile-cellular subscribership growing rapidly", - "international": "country code - 62; landing point for both the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks that provide links throughout Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "mixture of about a dozen national TV networks - 2 public broadcasters, the remainder private broadcasters - each with multiple transmitters; more than 100 local TV stations; widespread use of satellite and cable TV systems; public radio broadcaster operates 6 national networks as well as regional and local stations; overall, more than 700 radio stations with more than 650 privately operated (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".id" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "1.344 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "20 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "673 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "186", - "over_3_047_m": "5", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "21", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "51", - "914_to_1_523_m": "72", - "under_914_m": "37 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "487", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "4", - "914_to_1_523_m": "23", - "under_914_m": "460 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "76 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "condensate 1,064 km; condensate/gas 150 km; gas 11,702 km; liquid petroleum gas 119 km; oil 7,767 km; oil/gas/water 77 km; refined products 728 km; unknown 53 km; water 44 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "5,042 km", - "narrow_gauge": "5,042 km 1.067-m gauge (565 km electrified) (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "496,607 km", - "paved": "283,102 km", - "unpaved": "213,505 km (2011)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "21,579 km (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "1,340", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 105, cargo 618, chemical tanker 69, container 120, liquefied gas 28, passenger 49, passenger/cargo 77, petroleum tanker 244, refrigerated cargo 6, roll on/roll off 12, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 11", - "foreign_owned": "69 (China 1, France 1, Greece 1, Japan 8, Jordan 1, Malaysia 1, Norway 3, Singapore 46, South Korea 2, Taiwan 1, UK 2, US 2)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "95 (Bahamas 2, Cambodia 2, China 2, Hong Kong 10, Liberia 4, Marshall Islands 1, Mongolia 2, Panama 10, Singapore 60, Tuvalu 1, unknown 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Banjarmasin, Belawan, Kotabaru, Krueg Geukueh, Palembang, Panjang, Sungai Pakning, Tanjung Perak, Tanjung Priok" - }, - "transportation_note": { - "text": "the International Maritime Bureau continues to report the territorial and offshore waters in the Strait of Malacca and South China Sea as high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; attacks have increased yearly since 2009; in 2012, 73 commercial vessels were boarded and 47 crew members taken hostage; hijacked vessels are often disguised and cargo diverted to ports in East Asia; crews have been murdered or cast adrift" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Indonesian Armed Forces (Tentara Nasional Indonesia, TNI): Army (TNI-Angkatan Darat (TNI-AD)), Navy (TNI-Angkatan Laut (TNI-AL); includes marines (Korps Marinir, KorMar), naval air arm), Air Force (TNI-Angkatan Udara (TNI-AU)), National Air Defense Command (Kommando Pertahanan Udara Nasional (Kohanudnas)) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-45 years of age for voluntary military service, with selective conscription authorized; 2-year service obligation, with reserve obligation to age 45 (officers); Indonesian citizens only (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "65,847,171", - "females_age_16_49": "63,228,017 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "54,264,299", - "females_age_16_49": "53,274,361 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "2,263,892", - "female": "2,191,267 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.9% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Indonesia has a stated foreign policy objective of establishing stable fixed land and maritime boundaries with all of its neighbors; three stretches of land borders with Timor-Leste have yet to be delimited, two of which are in the Oecussi exclave area, and no maritime or Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) boundaries have been established between the countries; many refugees from Timor-Leste who left in 2003 still reside in Indonesia and refuse repatriation; all borders between Indonesia and Australia have been agreed upon bilaterally, but a 1997 treaty that would settle the last of their maritime and EEZ boundary has yet to be ratified by Indonesia's legislature; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef; Australia has closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier Reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing and placed restrictions on certain catches; land and maritime negotiations with Malaysia are ongoing, and disputed areas include the controversial Tanjung Datu and Camar Wulan border area in Borneo and the maritime boundary in the Ambalat oil block in the Celebes Sea; Indonesia and Singapore continue to work on finalizing their 1973 maritime boundary agreement by defining unresolved areas north of Indonesia's Batam Island; Indonesian secessionists, squatters, and illegal migrants create repatriation problems for Papua New Guinea; maritime delimitation talks continue with Palau; EEZ negotiations with Vietnam are ongoing, and the two countries in Fall 2011 agreed to work together to reduce illegal fishing along their maritime boundary" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "idps": "180,000 (government offensives against rebels in Aceh; most IDPs in Aceh, Central Kalimantan, Central Sulawesi Provinces, and Maluku) (2011)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "illicit producer of cannabis largely for domestic use; producer of methamphetamine and ecstasy" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/asia/in-india.json b/asia/in-india.json deleted file mode 100644 index efd7990b..00000000 --- a/asia/in-india.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,643 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The Indus Valley civilization, one of the world's oldest, flourished during the 3rd and 2nd millennia B.C. and extended into northwestern India. Aryan tribes from the northwest infiltrated the Indian subcontinent about 1500 B.C.; their merger with the earlier Dravidian inhabitants created the classical Indian culture. The Maurya Empire of the 4th and 3rd centuries B.C. - which reached its zenith under ASHOKA - united much of South Asia. The Golden Age ushered in by the Gupta dynasty (4th to 6th centuries A.D.) saw a flowering of Indian science, art, and culture. Islam spread across the subcontinent over a period of 700 years. In the 10th and 11th centuries, Turks and Afghans invaded India and established the Delhi Sultanate. In the early 16th century, the Emperor BABUR established the Mughal Dynasty which ruled India for more than three centuries. European explorers began establishing footholds in India during the 16th century. By the 19th century, Great Britain had become the dominant political power on the subcontinent. The British Indian Army played a vital role in both World Wars. Years of nonviolent resistance to British rule, led by Mohandas GANDHI and Jawaharlal NEHRU, eventually resulted in Indian independence, which was granted in 1947. Large-scale communal violence took place before and after the subcontinent partition into two separate states - India and Pakistan. The neighboring nations have fought three wars since independence, the last of which was in 1971 and resulted in East Pakistan becoming the separate nation of Bangladesh. India's nuclear weapons tests in 1998 emboldened Pakistan to conduct its own tests that same year. In November 2008, terrorists originating from Pakistan conducted a series of coordinated attacks in Mumbai, India's financial capital. Despite pressing problems such as significant overpopulation, environmental degradation, extensive poverty, and widespread corruption, economic growth following the launch of economic reforms in 1991 and a massive youthful population are driving India's emergence as a regional and global power." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and Pakistan" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "20 00 N, 77 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Asia" - }, - "area": { - "total": "3,287,263 sq km", - "land": "2,973,193 sq km", - "water": "314,070 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly more than one-third the size of the US" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "14,103 km", - "border_countries": "Bangladesh 4,053 km, Bhutan 605 km, Burma 1,463 km, China 3,380 km, Nepal 1,690 km, Pakistan 2,912 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "7,000 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "upland plain (Deccan Plateau) in south, flat to rolling plain along the Ganges, deserts in west, Himalayas in north" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Indian Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Kanchenjunga 8,598 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "coal (fourth-largest reserves in the world), iron ore, manganese, mica, bauxite, rare earth elements, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, diamonds, petroleum, limestone, arable land" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "47.87%", - "permanent_crops": "3.74%", - "other": "48.39% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "663,340 sq km (2008)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "1,911 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "761 cu km/yr (7%/2%/90%)", - "per_capita": "613 cu m/yr (2010)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "droughts; flash floods, as well as widespread and destructive flooding from monsoonal rains; severe thunderstorms; earthquakes", - "volcanism": "Barren Island (elev. 354 m) in the Andaman Sea has been active in recent years" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; desertification; air pollution from industrial effluents and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage and runoff of agricultural pesticides; tap water is not potable throughout the country; huge and growing population is overstraining natural resources" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "dominates South Asian subcontinent; near important Indian Ocean trade routes; Kanchenjunga, third tallest mountain in the world, lies on the border with Nepal" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Indian(s)", - "adjective": "Indian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3% (2000)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Hindi 41%, Bengali 8.1%, Telugu 7.2%, Marathi 7%, Tamil 5.9%, Urdu 5%, Gujarati 4.5%, Kannada 3.7%, Malayalam 3.2%, Oriya 3.2%, Punjabi 2.8%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.2%, other 5.9%", - "note": "English enjoys the status of subsidiary official language but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication; Hindi is the most widely spoken language and primary tongue of 41% of the people; there are 14 other official languages: Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Urdu, Gujarati, Malayalam, Kannada, Oriya, Punjabi, Assamese, Kashmiri, Sindhi, and Sanskrit; Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India but is not an official language (2001 census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Hindu 80.5%, Muslim 13.4%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.9%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.1% (2001 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "1,220,800,359 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "28.9% (male 187,236,677/female 165,219,615)", - "15_24_years": "18.2% (male 117,385,009/female 104,516,448)", - "25_54_years": "40.4% (male 253,642,261/female 239,219,931)", - "55_64_years": "6.9% (male 42,307,170/female 41,785,413)", - "65_years_and_over": "5.7% (male 32,992,850/female 36,494,985) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "52.4 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "44.3 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "8 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "12.4 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "26.7 years", - "male": "26.1 years", - "female": "27.4 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.28% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "20.24 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "7.39 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.05 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "31.3% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.47% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "NEW DELHI (capital) 21.72 million; Mumbai 19.695 million; Kolkata 15.294 million; Chennai 7.416 million; Bangalore 7.079 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.12 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.13 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.12 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.91 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.08 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "19.9 (2006 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "200 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "44.6 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "43.28 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "46.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "67.48 years", - "male": "66.38 years", - "female": "68.7 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.55 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "54.8% (2007/08)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "4.1% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.6 physicians/1,000 population (2005)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.9 beds/1,000 population (2005)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 97% of population; rural: 90% of population; total: 92% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 3% of population; rural: 10% of population; total: 8% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 58% of population; rural: 23% of population; total: 34% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 42% of population; rural: 77% of population; total: 66% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.3% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "2.4 million (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "170,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria", - "water_contact_disease": "leptospirosis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies", - "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "1.9% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "43.5% (2006)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "3.3% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "62.8%", - "male": "75.2%", - "female": "50.8% (2006 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "11 years", - "male": "11 years", - "female": "10 years (2010)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "26,965,074", - "percentage": "12 % (2006 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "10.2%", - "male": "9.8%", - "female": "11.5% (2010)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of India", - "conventional_short_form": "India", - "local_long_form": "Republic of India/Bharatiya Ganarajya", - "local_short_form": "India/Bharat" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "federal republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "New Delhi", - "geographic_coordinates": "28 36 N, 77 12 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+5.5 (10.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "28 states and 7 union territories*; Andaman and Nicobar Islands*, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh*, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli*, Daman and Diu*, Delhi*, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep*, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Puducherry*, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal", - "note": "although its status is that of a union territory, the official name of Delhi is National Capital Territory of Delhi" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "15 August 1947 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Republic Day, 26 January (1950)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "26 January 1950; amended many times" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "common law system based on the English model; separate personal law codes apply to Muslims, Christians, and Hindus; judicial review of legislative acts" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Pranab MUKHERJEE (since 22 July 2012); Vice President Mohammad Hamid ANSARI (since 11 August 2007)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Manmohan SINGH (since 22 May 2004)", - "cabinet": "Union Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister", - "elections": "president elected by an electoral college consisting of elected members of both houses of Parliament and the legislatures of the states for a five-year term (no term limits); election last held in July 2012 (next to be held in July 2017); vice president elected by both houses of Parliament for a five-year term; election last held in August 2012 (next to be held in August 2017); prime minister chosen by parliamentary members of the majority party following legislative elections; election last held April - May 2009 (next to be held no later than May 2014)", - "election_results": "Pranab MUKHERJEE elected president; percent of vote - Pranab MUKHERJEE 69.31%, Purno SANGMA - 30.69%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Sansad consists of the Council of States or Rajya Sabha (a body consisting of 245 seats up to 12 of which are appointed by the president, the remainder chosen in staggered elections by the elected members of the state and territorial assemblies; members serve six-year terms) and the People's Assembly or Lok Sabha (545 seats; 543 members elected by popular vote, 2 appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "People's Assembly - last held in five phases on 16, 22-23, 30 April and 7, 13 May 2009 (next must be held by May 2014)", - "election_results": "People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - INC 206, BJP 116, SP 23, BSP 21, JD(U) 20, TMC 19, DMK 18, CPI(M) 16, BJD 14, SS 11, AIADMK 9, NCP 9, TDP 6, RLD 5, CPI 4, RJD 4, SAD 4, independent 9, other 29, vacant 2; note - seats by party (as of February 2013) - INC 204, BJP 115, SP 22, BSP 21, JD(U) 20, AITC 19, DMK 18, CPI(M) 16, BJD 14, SS 11, AIADMK 9, NCP 9, TDP 6, RLD 5, CPI 4, RJD 4, SAD 4, independents 9, other 31, nominated (INC) 2, vacant 2" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (the chief justice and 25 associate justices); note - parliament approved an additional 5 judges in 2008 note - in mid-2011 India’s Cabinet approved the program, National Mission for Justice Delivery and Legal Reform, to eliminate judicial corruption and reduce the backlog of cases", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "justices appointed by the president to serve until age 65", - "subordinate_courts": "District Courts; Labour Court" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Aam Aadmi Party or AAP [Arvind KEJRIWAL]; All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam or AIADMK [J. JAYALALITHAA]; All India Trinamool Congress or TMC [Mamata BANERJEE]; Bahujan Samaj Party or BSP [MAYAWATI]; Bharatiya Janata Party or BJP [Rajnath SINGH]; Biju Janata Dal or BJD [Naveen PATNAIK]; Communist Party of India or CPI [A.B. BARDHAN]; Communist Party of India-Marxist or CPI(M) [Prakash KARAT]; Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam or DMK [M.KARUNANIDHI]; Indian National Congress or INC [Sonia GANDHI]; Janata Dal (United) or JD(U) [Sharad YADAV]; Nationalist Congress Party or NCP [Sharad PAWAR]; Rashtriya Janata Dal or RJD [Lalu Prasad YADAV]; Rashtriya Lok Dal or RLD [Ajit SINGH]; Samajwadi Party or SP [Mulayam Singh YADAV]; Shiromani Akali Dal or SAD [Parkash Singh BADAL]; Shiv Sena or SS [Uddhav THACKERAY]; Telugu Desam Party or TDP [Chandrababu NAIDU]; ", - "note": "India has dozens of national and regional political parties; only parties with four or more seats in the People's Assembly are listed" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "All Parties Hurriyat Conference in the Kashmir Valley (separatist group); Bajrang Dal (religious organization); India Against Corruption [Anna HAZAREI]; Jamiat Ulema-e Hind (religious organization); Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh [Mohan BHAGWAT] (religious organization); Vishwa Hindu Parishad [Ashok SINGHAL] (religious organization); ", - "other": "numerous religious or militant/chauvinistic organizations; hundreds of social reform, anti-corruption, and environmental groups at state and local level; various separatist groups seeking greater communal and/or regional autonomy" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ABEDA, ADB, AfDB (nonregional member), ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), BIMSTEC, BIS, BRICS, C, CD, CERN (observer), CICA, CP, EAS, FAO, FATF, G-15, G-20, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS (observer), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, PCA, PIF (partner), SAARC, SACEP, SCO (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNSC (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Nirupama RAO", - "chancery": "2107 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008; note - Consular Wing located at 2536 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 939-7000", - "fax": "[1] (202) 265-4351", - "consulates_general": "Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, New York, San Francisco" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Nancy J. POWELL", - "embassy": "Shantipath, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi 110021", - "mailing_address": "use embassy street address", - "telephone": "[91] (11) 2419-8000", - "fax": "[91] (11) 2419-0017", - "consulates_general": "Chennai (Madras), Hyderabad; Kolkata (Calcutta), Mumbai (Bombay)" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of saffron (subdued orange) (top), white, and green, with a blue chakra (24-spoked wheel) centered in the white band; saffron represents courage, sacrifice, and the spirit of renunciation; white signifies purity and truth; green stands for faith and fertility; the blue chakra symbolizes the wheel of life in movement and death in stagnation", - "note": "similar to the flag of Niger, which has a small orange disk centered in the white band" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "the Lion Capital of Ashoka, which depicts four Asiatic lions standing back to back mounted on a circular abacus, is the official emblem; the Bengal tiger is the national animal" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Jana-Gana-Mana\" (Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People)", - "lyrics_music": "Rabindranath TAGORE", - "note": "adopted 1950; Rabindranath TAGORE, a Nobel laureate, also wrote Bangladesh's national anthem" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "India is developing into an open-market economy, yet traces of its past autarkic policies remain. Economic liberalization measures, including industrial deregulation, privatization of state-owned enterprises, and reduced controls on foreign trade and investment, began in the early 1990s and have served to accelerate the country's growth, which averaged under 7% per year since 1997. India's diverse economy encompasses traditional village farming, modern agriculture, handicrafts, a wide range of modern industries, and a multitude of services. Slightly more than half of the work force is in agriculture, but services are the major source of economic growth, accounting for nearly two-thirds of India's output, with less than one-third of its labor force. India has capitalized on its large educated English-speaking population to become a major exporter of information technology services, business outsourcing services, and software workers. In 2010, the Indian economy rebounded robustly from the global financial crisis - in large part because of strong domestic demand - and growth exceeded 8% year-on-year in real terms. However, India's economic growth began slowing in 2011 because of a slowdown in government spending and a decline in investment, caused by investor pessimism about the government's commitment to further economic reforms and about the global situation. High international crude prices have exacerbated the government's fuel subsidy expenditures, contributing to a higher fiscal deficit and a worsening current account deficit. In late 2012, the Indian Government announced additional reforms and deficit reduction measures to reverse India's slowdown, including allowing higher levels of foreign participation in direct investment in the economy. The outlook for India's medium-term growth is positive due to a young population and corresponding low dependency ratio, healthy savings and investment rates, and increasing integration into the global economy. India has many long-term challenges that it has yet to fully address, including poverty, corruption, violence and discrimination against women and girls, an inefficient power generation and distribution system, ineffective enforcement of intellectual property rights, decades-long civil litigation dockets, inadequate transport and agricultural infrastructure, limited non-agricultural employment opportunities, inadequate availability of quality basic and higher education, and accommodating rural-to-urban migration." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$4.761 trillion (2012 est.); $4.579 trillion (2011 est.); $4.25 trillion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$1.825 trillion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "6.5% (2012 est.); 7.7% (2011 est.); 11.2% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$3,900 (2012 est.); $3,800 (2011 est.); $3,600 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "27.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 30.1% of GDP (2011 est.); 31.9% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "56.9%", - "government_consumption": "11.8%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "29.9%", - "investment_in_inventories": "8.4%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "24.3%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-31.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "17.4%", - "industry": "26.1%", - "services": "56.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea, sugarcane, lentils, onions, potatoes; dairy products, sheep, goats, poultry; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transportation equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, software, pharmaceuticals" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "486.6 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "53%", - "industry": "19%", - "services": "28% (2011 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "8.5% (2012 est.); 9.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "29.8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.6%", - "highest_10%": "31.1% (2005)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "36.8 (2004); 37.8 (1997)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$169.4 billion", - "expenditures": "$267.7 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "9.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-5.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "49.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 49.8% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover central government debt, and exclude debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 April - 31 March" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "9.3% (2012 est.); 8.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "5.5% (31 December 2010 est.); 6% (31 December 2009 est.)", - "note": "the Indian central bank's policy rate - the repurchase rate - was 8% during December 2012" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "10.63% (31 December 2012 est.); 10.19% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$323 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $305.7 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$1.451 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.293 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$1.412 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.249 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$1.015 trillion (31 December 2011); $1.616 trillion (31 December 2010); $1.179 trillion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$80.15 billion (2012 est.); -$46.91 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$298.4 billion (2012 est.); $307.2 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "petroleum products, precious stones, machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, vehicles, apparel" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 12.7%, UAE 12.3%, China 5%, Singapore 5%, Hong Kong 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$500.4 billion (2012 est.); $475.3 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "crude oil, precious stones, machinery, fertilizer, iron and steel, chemicals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 11%, UAE 7.7%, Saudi Arabia 6.7%, Switzerland 5.9%, US 4.9% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$297.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $297.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$376.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $334.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$229.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $203.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$117.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $108.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Indian rupees (INR) per US dollar -; 53.437 (2012 est.); 46.671 (2011 est.); 45.726 (2010 est.); 48.405 (2009); 43.319 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "880 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "637.6 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "519 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "10.53 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "189.3 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "69.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "2.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "20.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "897,300 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "2.768 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "8.935 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "3.226 million bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "3.292 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "812,100 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "380,900 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "46.1 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "61.1 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "12.15 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "1.154 trillion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "1.696 billion Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "32.685 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "893.862 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "supported by recent deregulation and liberalization of telecommunications laws and policies, India has emerged as one of the fastest growing telecom markets in the world; total telephone subscribership base exceeded 900 million in 2011, an overall teledensity of roughly 75%, and subscribership is currently growing more than 20 million per month; urban teledensity now exceeds 100% and rural teledensity is steadily growing", - "domestic": "mobile cellular service introduced in 1994 and organized nationwide into four metropolitan areas and 19 telecom circles each with multiple private service providers and one or more state-owned service providers; in recent years significant trunk capacity added in the form of fiber-optic cable and one of the world's largest domestic satellite systems, the Indian National Satellite system (INSAT), with 6 satellites supporting 33,000 very small aperture terminals (VSAT)", - "international": "country code - 91; a number of major international submarine cable systems, including Sea-Me-We-3 with landing sites at Cochin and Mumbai (Bombay), Sea-Me-We-4 with a landing site at Chennai, Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) with a landing site at Mumbai (Bombay), South Africa - Far East (SAFE) with a landing site at Cochin, the i2i cable network linking to Singapore with landing sites at Mumbai (Bombay) and Chennai (Madras), and Tata Indicom linking Singapore and Chennai (Madras), provide a significant increase in the bandwidth available for both voice and data traffic; satellite earth stations - 8 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Inmarsat (Indian Ocean region); 9 gateway exchanges operating from Mumbai (Bombay), New Delhi, Kolkata (Calcutta), Chennai (Madras), Jalandhar, Kanpur, Gandhinagar, Hyderabad, and Ernakulam (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "Doordarshan, India's public TV network, operates about 20 national, regional, and local services; a large and increasing number of privately owned TV stations are distributed by cable and satellite service providers; by 2011, more than 100 million homes had access to cable and satellite TV offering more than 700 TV channels; government controls AM radio with All India Radio operating domestic and external networks; news broadcasts via radio are limited to the All India Radio Network; since 2000, privately-owned FM stations have been permitted and their numbers have increased rapidly (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".in" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "6.746 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "61.338 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "346 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "253", - "over_3_047_m": "22", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "59", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "76", - "914_to_1_523_m": "82", - "under_914_m": "14 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "93", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "3", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "6", - "914_to_1_523_m": "38", - "under_914_m": "45 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "45 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "condensate/gas 9 km; gas 13,581 km; liquid petroleum gas 2,054 km; oil 8,943 km; oil/gas/water 20 km; refined products 11,069 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "63,974 km", - "broad_gauge": "54,257 km 1.676-m gauge (18,927 km electrified)", - "narrow_gauge": "7,180 km 1.000-m gauge; 2,537 km 0.762-m gauge and 0.610-m gauge (2009)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "4,689,842 km", - "note": "includes 79,116 km of national highways and expressways, 155,716 km of state highways, and 4,455,010 km of other roads (2013)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "14,500 km (5,200 km on major rivers and 485 km on canals suitable for mechanized vessels) (2012)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "340", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 104, cargo 78, chemical tanker 22, container 14, liquefied gas 11, passenger 4, passenger/cargo 15, petroleum tanker 92", - "foreign_owned": "10 (China 1, Hong Kong 2, Jersey 2, Malaysia 1, UAE 4)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "76 (Cyprus 4, Dominica 2, Liberia 8, Malta 3, Marshall Islands 10, Nigeria 1, Panama 24, Saint Kitts and Nevis 2, Singapore 21, unknown 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Chennai, Jawaharal Nehru Port, Kandla, Kolkata (Calcutta), Mumbai (Bombay), Sikka, Vishakhapatnam" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Army, Navy (includes naval air arm), Air Force, Coast Guard (2011)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "16-18 years of age for voluntary military service (Army 17 1/2, Air Force 17, Navy 16 1/2); no conscription; women may join as officers, but for noncombat roles only (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "319,129,420", - "females_age_16_49": "296,071,637 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "249,531,562", - "females_age_16_49": "240,039,958 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "12,151,065", - "female": "10,745,891 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.8% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "since China and India launched a security and foreign policy dialogue in 2005, consolidated discussions related to the dispute over most of their rugged, militarized boundary, regional nuclear proliferation, Indian claims that China transferred missiles to Pakistan, and other matters continue; Kashmir remains the site of the world's largest and most militarized territorial dispute with portions under the de facto administration of China (Aksai Chin), India (Jammu and Kashmir), and Pakistan (Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas); India and Pakistan resumed bilateral dialogue in February 2011 after a two-year hiatus, have maintained the 2003 cease-fire in Kashmir, and continue to have disputes over water sharing of the Indus River and its tributaries; UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan has maintained a small group of peacekeepers since 1949; India does not recognize Pakistan's ceding historic Kashmir lands to China in 1964; to defuse tensions and prepare for discussions on a maritime boundary, India and Pakistan seek technical resolution of the disputed boundary in Sir Creek estuary at the mouth of the Rann of Kutch in the Arabian Sea; Pakistani maps continue to show its Junagadh claim in Indian Gujarat State; Prime Minister Singh's September 2011 visit to Bangladesh resulted in the signing of a Protocol to the 1974 Land Boundary Agreement between India and Bangladesh, which had called for the settlement of longstanding boundary disputes over undemarcated areas and the exchange of territorial enclaves, but which had never been implemented; Bangladesh referred its maritime boundary claims with Burma and India to the International Tribunal on the Law of the Sea; Joint Border Committee with Nepal continues to examine contested boundary sections, including the 400 square kilometer dispute over the source of the Kalapani River; India maintains a strict border regime to keep out Maoist insurgents and control illegal cross-border activities from Nepal" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "100,003 (Tibet/China); 67,165 (Sri Lanka); 9,633 (Afghanistan); 7,671 (Burma) (2012)", - "idps": "at least 506,000 (about half are Kashmiri Pandits from Jammu and Kashmir) (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "world's largest producer of licit opium for the pharmaceutical trade, but an undetermined quantity of opium is diverted to illicit international drug markets; transit point for illicit narcotics produced in neighboring countries and throughout Southwest Asia; illicit producer of methaqualone; vulnerable to narcotics money laundering through the hawala system; licit ketamine and precursor production" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/asia/jp-japan.json b/asia/jp-japan.json deleted file mode 100644 index 324fa4c6..00000000 --- a/asia/jp-japan.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,617 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "In 1603, after decades of civil warfare, the Tokugawa shogunate (a military-led, dynastic government) ushered in a long period of relative political stability and isolation from foreign influence. For more than two centuries this policy enabled Japan to enjoy a flowering of its indigenous culture. Japan opened its ports after signing the Treaty of Kanagawa with the US in 1854 and began to intensively modernize and industrialize. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Japan became a regional power that was able to defeat the forces of both China and Russia. It occupied Korea, Formosa (Taiwan), and southern Sakhalin Island. In 1931-32 Japan occupied Manchuria, and in 1937 it launched a full-scale invasion of China. Japan attacked US forces in 1941 - triggering America's entry into World War II - and soon occupied much of East and Southeast Asia. After its defeat in World War II, Japan recovered to become an economic power and an ally of the US. While the emperor retains his throne as a symbol of national unity, elected politicians hold actual decision-making power. Following three decades of unprecedented growth, Japan's economy experienced a major slowdown starting in the 1990s, but the country remains a major economic power. In March 2011, Japan's strongest-ever earthquake, and an accompanying tsunami, devastated the northeast part of Honshu island, killing thousands and damaging several nuclear power plants. The catastrophe hobbled the country's economy and its energy infrastructure, and tested its ability to deal with humanitarian disasters." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Eastern Asia, island chain between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan, east of the Korean Peninsula" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "36 00 N, 138 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Asia" - }, - "area": { - "total": "377,915 sq km", - "land": "364,485 sq km", - "water": "13,430 sq km", - "note": "includes Bonin Islands (Ogasawara-gunto), Daito-shoto, Minami-jima, Okino-tori-shima, Ryukyu Islands (Nansei-shoto), and Volcano Islands (Kazan-retto)" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than California" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "29,751 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm; between 3 nm and 12 nm in the international straits - La Perouse or Soya, Tsugaru, Osumi, and Eastern and Western Channels of the Korea or Tsushima Strait", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly rugged and mountainous" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Hachiro-gata -4 m", - "highest_point": "Fujiyama 3,776 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "negligible mineral resources, fish", - "note": "with virtually no energy natural resources, Japan is the world's largest importer of coal and liquefied natural gas, as well as the second largest importer of oil" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "11.26%", - "permanent_crops": "0.81%", - "other": "87.93% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "25,000 sq km (2010)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "430 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "90.04 cu km/yr (20%/18%/62%)", - "per_capita": "714.3 cu m/yr (2007)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "many dormant and some active volcanoes; about 1,500 seismic occurrences (mostly tremors but occasional severe earthquakes) every year; tsunamis; typhoons", - "volcanism": "both Unzen (elev. 1,500 m) and Sakura-jima (elev. 1,117 m), which lies near the densely populated city of Kagoshima, have been deemed \"Decade Volcanoes\" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to their explosive history and close proximity to human populations; other notable historically active volcanoes include Asama, Honshu Island's most active volcano, Aso, Bandai, Fuji, Iwo-Jima, Kikai, Kirishima, Komaga-take, Oshima, Suwanosejima, Tokachi, Yake-dake, and Usu" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "air pollution from power plant emissions results in acid rain; acidification of lakes and reservoirs degrading water quality and threatening aquatic life; Japan is one of the largest consumers of fish and tropical timber, contributing to the depletion of these resources in Asia and elsewhere" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location in northeast Asia" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Japanese (singular and plural)", - "adjective": "Japanese" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Japanese 98.5%, Koreans 0.5%, Chinese 0.4%, other 0.6%", - "note": "up to 230,000 Brazilians of Japanese origin migrated to Japan in the 1990s to work in industries; some have returned to Brazil (2004)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Japanese" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Shintoism 83.9%, Buddhism 71.4%, Christianity 2%, other 7.8%", - "note": "total adherents exceeds 100% because many people belong to both Shintoism and Buddhism (2005)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "127,253,075 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "13.4% (male 8,808,568/female 8,204,514)", - "15_24_years": "9.7% (male 6,394,809/female 5,958,408)", - "25_54_years": "38.3% (male 24,149,308/female 24,588,409)", - "55_64_years": "13.8% (male 8,785,719/female 8,786,968)", - "65_years_and_over": "24.8% (male 13,656,792/female 17,919,580) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "61.6 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "21.1 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "40.5 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "2.5 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "45.8 years", - "male": "44.4 years", - "female": "47.2 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.1% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "8.23 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "9.27 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "91.3% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.57% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "TOKYO (capital) 36.507 million; Osaka-Kobe 11.325 million; Nagoya 3.257 million; Fukuoka-Kitakyushu 2.809 million; Sapporo 2.673 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.08 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.76 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.95 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "29.4 (2007 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "5 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "2.17 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "2.4 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "1.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "84.19 years", - "male": "80.85 years", - "female": "87.71 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.39 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "54.3%", - "note": "percent of women aged 20-49 (2005)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "9.5% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "2.06 physicians/1,000 population (2006)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "13.7 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "less than 0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "8,100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "5% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "3.8% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99%", - "male": "99%", - "female": "99% (2002)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "15 years", - "male": "16 years", - "female": "15 years (2010)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "8%", - "male": "8.9%", - "female": "7.1% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "none", - "conventional_short_form": "Japan", - "local_long_form": "Nihon-koku/Nippon-koku", - "local_short_form": "Nihon/Nippon" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "a parliamentary government with a constitutional monarchy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Tokyo", - "geographic_coordinates": "35 41 N, 139 45 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "47 prefectures; Aichi, Akita, Aomori, Chiba, Ehime, Fukui, Fukuoka, Fukushima, Gifu, Gunma, Hiroshima, Hokkaido, Hyogo, Ibaraki, Ishikawa, Iwate, Kagawa, Kagoshima, Kanagawa, Kochi, Kumamoto, Kyoto, Mie, Miyagi, Miyazaki, Nagano, Nagasaki, Nara, Niigata, Oita, Okayama, Okinawa, Osaka, Saga, Saitama, Shiga, Shimane, Shizuoka, Tochigi, Tokushima, Tokyo, Tottori, Toyama, Wakayama, Yamagata, Yamaguchi, Yamanashi" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "3 May 1947 (current constitution adopted as amendment to Meiji Constitution); notable earlier dates: 660 B.C. (traditional date of the founding of the nation by Emperor JIMMU); 29 November 1890 (Meiji Constitution provides for constitutional monarchy)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Birthday of Emperor AKIHITO, 23 December (1933)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "3 May 1947" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system based on German model; system also reflects Anglo-American influence and Japanese traditions; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "20 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "Emperor AKIHITO (since 7 January 1989)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Shinzo ABE (since 26 December 2012); Deputy Prime Minister Taro ASO (since 26 December 2012)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet is appointed by the prime minister", - "elections": "Diet, the bicameral legislature, designates the prime minister; constitution requires that the prime minister commands parliamentary majority; following legislative elections, the leader of majority party or leader of majority coalition in House of Representatives usually becomes prime minister; the monarchy is hereditary" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Diet or Kokkai consists of the House of Councillors or Sangi-in (242 seats - members elected for fixed six-year terms; 146 members in multi-seat constituencies and 96 by proportional representation) half elected every three years; and the House of Representatives or Shugi-in (480 seats - members elected for maximum four-year terms; 300 in single-seat constituencies; 180 members by proportional representation in 11 regional blocs); the prime minister has the right to dissolve the House of Representatives at any time with the concurrence of the cabinet", - "elections": "House of Councillors - last held on 21 July 2013 (next to be held in July 2016); House of Representatives - last held on 16 December 2012 (next to be held by 15 December 2016)", - "election_results": "House of Councillors - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LPD 115, DPJ 59, New Komeito 20, Your Party 18, JCP 11, JRP 9, SDP 3, others 4, independents 3 House of Representatives - percent of vote by party (by proportional representation) - LDP 31.6%, DPJ 16.6%, JRP 22.2%, New Komeito 12.2%, Your Party 7.7%, JCP 4.4%, TRP 3.9%, others 1.4%; seats by party LDP 294, DPJ 57, JRP 54, New Komeito 31, Your Party 18, TPJ 9, JCP 8, others 4, independents 5" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Saiko saibansho (consists of the chief justice and 14 associate justices) note - the Supreme Court has jurisdiction in constitutional issues", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court chief justice designated by the Cabinet and appointed by the monarch; associate justices appointed by the Cabinet and confirmed by the monarch; all justices are reviewed in a popular referendum at the first general election of the House of Representatives following each judge's appointment and every 10 years afterward", - "subordinate_courts": "8 High Courts (Koto-saiban-sho), each with a Family Court (Katei-saiban-sho); 50 District Courts (Chiho saibansho), with 203 additional branches; 438 Summary Courts (Kani saibansho)" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Democratic Party of Japan or DPJ [Banri KAIEDA]; Japan Communist Party or JCP [Kazuo SHII]; Japan Restoration Party or JRP [Shintaro ISHIHARA]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Shinzo ABE]; New Komeito or NK [Natsuo YAMAGUCHI]; People's Life Party or PF [Ichiro OZAWA]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Mizuho FUKUSHIMA]; Tomorrow Party of Japan or TPJ [Tomoko ABE]; Your Party or YP [Yoshimi WATANABE]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "other": "business groups; trade unions" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB, AfDB (nonregional member), APEC, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE (observer), CERN (observer), CICA (observer), CP, EAS, EBRD, EITI (implementing country), FAO, FATF, G-20, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE (partner), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Kenichiro SASAE", - "chancery": "2520 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 238-6700", - "fax": "[1] (202) 328-2187", - "consulates_general": "Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Denver, Detroit, Agana (Guam), Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, Nashville (TN), New York, Portland (OR), San Francisco, Seattle", - "consulates": "Anchorage (AK), Saipan (Northern Mariana Islands)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Kurt TONG", - "embassy": "1-10-5 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-8420", - "mailing_address": "Unit 9800, Box 300, APO AP 96303-0300", - "telephone": "[81] (03) 3224-5000", - "fax": "[81] (03) 3505-1862", - "consulates_general": "Naha (Okinawa), Osaka-Kobe, Sapporo", - "consulates": "Fukuoka, Nagoya" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "white with a large red disk (representing the sun without rays) in the center" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "red sun disc; chrysanthemum" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Kimigayo\" (The Emperor\"s Reign)", - "lyrics_music": "unknown/Hiromori HAYASHI", - "note": "adopted 1999; in use as unofficial national anthem since 1883; oldest anthem lyrics in the world, dating to the 10th century or earlier; there is some opposition to the anthem because of its association with militarism and worship of the emperor" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "In the years following World War II, government-industry cooperation, a strong work ethic, mastery of high technology, and a comparatively small defense allocation (1% of GDP) helped Japan develop a technologically advanced economy. Two notable characteristics of the post-war economy were the close interlocking structures of manufacturers, suppliers, and distributors, known as keiretsu, and the guarantee of lifetime employment for a substantial portion of the urban labor force. Both features are now eroding under the dual pressures of global competition and domestic demographic change. Japan's industrial sector is heavily dependent on imported raw materials and fuels. A small agricultural sector is highly subsidized and protected, with crop yields among the highest in the world. While self-sufficient in rice production, Japan imports about 60% of its food on a caloric basis. For three decades, overall real economic growth had been spectacular - a 10% average in the 1960s, a 5% average in the 1970s, and a 4% average in the 1980s. Growth slowed markedly in the 1990s, averaging just 1.7%, largely because of the after effects of inefficient investment and an asset price bubble in the late 1980s that required a protracted period of time for firms to reduce excess debt, capital, and labor. Modest economic growth continued after 2000, but the economy has fallen into recession three times since 2008. A sharp downturn in business investment and global demand for Japan's exports in late 2008 pushed Japan into recession. Government stimulus spending helped the economy recover in late 2009 and 2010, but the economy contracted again in 2011 as the massive 9.0 magnitude earthquake and the ensuing tsunami in March disrupted manufacturing. The economy has largely recovered in the two years since the disaster, but reconstruction in the Tohoku region has been uneven. Newly-elected Prime Minister Shinzo ABE has declared the economy his government's top priority; he has pledged to reconsider his predecessor's plan to permanently close nuclear power plants and is pursuing an economic revitalization agenda of fiscal stimulus and regulatory reform and has said he will press the Bank of Japan to loosen monetary policy. Measured on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis that adjusts for price differences, Japan in 2012 stood as the fourth-largest economy in the world after second-place China, which surpassed Japan in 2001, and third-place India, which edged out Japan in 2012. The new government will continue a longstanding debate on restructuring the economy and reining in Japan's huge government debt, which exceeds 200% of GDP. Persistent deflation, reliance on exports to drive growth, and an aging and shrinking population are other major long-term challenges for the economy." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$4.704 trillion (2012 est.); $4.612 trillion (2011 est.); $4.638 trillion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$5.964 trillion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "2% (2012 est.); -0.6% (2011 est.); 4.7% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$36,900 (2012 est.); $36,100 (2011 est.); $36,200 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "21.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 22% of GDP (2011 est.); 23.5% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "60.9%", - "government_consumption": "20.5%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "21.2%", - "investment_in_inventories": "-0.6%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "14.7%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-16.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "1.1%", - "industry": "26.3%", - "services": "72.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "rice, sugar beets, vegetables, fruit; pork, poultry, dairy products, eggs; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "among world's largest and technologically advanced producers of motor vehicles, electronic equipment, machine tools, steel and nonferrous metals, ships, chemicals, textiles, processed foods" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "65.55 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "3.9%", - "industry": "26.2%", - "services": "69.8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "4.4% (2012 est.); 4.6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "16% (2010)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1.9%", - "highest_10%": "27.5% (2008)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "37.6 (2008); 24.9 (1993)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$2.001 trillion", - "expenditures": "$2.591 trillion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "33.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-9.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "214.3% of GDP (2012 est.); 205.3% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 April - 31 March" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "0% (2012 est.); -0.3% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (31 December 2012); 0.3% (31 December 2009)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "1.48% (31 December 2012 est.); 1.48% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$6.176 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.636 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$13.12 trillion (31 December 2011 est.); $13.41 trillion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$13.64 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $14.82 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$4.011 trillion (31 December 2012); $3.541 trillion (31 December 2011); $4.1 trillion (31 December 2010)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$84.7 billion (2012 est.); $119.1 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$773.9 billion (2012 est.); $789.9 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "motor vehicles 13.6%; semiconductors 6.2%; iron and steel products 5.5%; auto parts 4.6%; plastic materials 3.5%; power generating machinery 3.5%" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "China 18%, US 17.7%, South Korea 7.7%, Thailand 5.5%, Hong Kong 5.1% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$830.6 billion (2012 est.); $794.4 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "petroleum 15.5%; liquid natural gas 5.7%; clothing 3.9%; semiconductors 3.5%; coal 3.5%; audio and visual apparatus 2.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 21.3%, US 8.8%, Australia 6.4%, Saudi Arabia 6.2%, UAE 5%, South Korea 4.6%, Qatar 4% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$1.268 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.296 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$3.024 trillion (31 December 2012); $3.115 trillion (31 December 2011)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$202.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $160.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$1.049 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $927.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "yen (JPY) per US dollar -; 79.79 (2012 est.); 79.81 (2011 est.); 87.78 (2010 est.); 93.57 (2009); 103.58 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "936.2 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "859.7 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "284.5 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "63.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "17.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "7.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "2.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "17,480 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "3.384 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "44.12 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "3.861 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "4.464 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "366,800 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "949,800 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "3.276 billion cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "112.6 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "109.9 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "20.9 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "1.164 billion Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "64.668 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "132.76 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "excellent domestic and international service", - "domestic": "high level of modern technology and excellent service of every kind", - "international": "country code - 81; numerous submarine cables provide links throughout Asia, Australia, the Middle East, Europe, and US; satellite earth stations - 7 Intelsat (Pacific and Indian Oceans), 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region), 2 Inmarsat (Pacific and Indian Ocean regions), and 8 SkyPerfect JSAT (2012)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "a mixture of public and commercial broadcast TV and radio stations; 6 national terrestrial TV networks including 1 public broadcaster; the large number of radio and TV stations available provide a wide range of choices; satellite and cable services provide access to international channels (2012)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".jp" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "64.453 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "99.182 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "175 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "142", - "over_3_047_m": "6", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "45", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "38", - "914_to_1_523_m": "28", - "under_914_m": "25 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "33", - "914_to_1_523_m": "5", - "under_914_m": "28 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "16 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 4,456 km; oil 174 km; oil/gas/water 104 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "27,182 km", - "standard_gauge": "4,251 km 1.435-m gauge (4,251 km electrified)", - "dual_gauge": "486 km 1.435-1.067-m gauge (486 km electrified)", - "narrow_gauge": "96 km 1.372-m gauge (96 km electrified); 22,301 km 1.067-m gauge (15,222 km electrified); 48 km 0.762-m gauge (48 km electrified) (2009)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "1,210,251 km", - "paved": "973,234 km (includes 7,803 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "237,017 km (2008)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "1,770 km (seagoing vessels use inland seas) (2010)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "684", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 168, cargo 34, carrier 3, chemical tanker 29, container 2, liquefied gas 58, passenger 11, passenger/cargo 117, petroleum tanker 152, refrigerated cargo 4, roll on/roll off 52, vehicle carrier 54", - "registered_in_other_countries": "3,122 (Bahamas 88, Bermuda 2, Burma 1, Cambodia 1, Cayman Islands 23, China 2, Cyprus 16, Honduras 4, Hong Kong 79, Indonesia 8, Isle of Man 19, Liberia 110, Luxembourg 3, Malaysia 2, Malta 5, Marshall Islands 59, Mongolia 2, Netherlands 1, Panama 2372, Philippines 77, Portugal 9, Saint Kitts and Nevis 2, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 3, Sierra Leone 4, Singapore 164, South Korea 14, Tanzania 1, UK 5, Vanuatu 39, unknown 7) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Chiba, Kawasaki, Kobe, Mizushima, Moji, Nagoya, Osaka, Tokyo, Tomakomai, Yokohama" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Japanese Ministry of Defense (MOD): Ground Self-Defense Force (Rikujou Jieitai, GSDF), Maritime Self-Defense Force (Kaijou Jieitai, MSDF), Air Self-Defense Force (Koukuu Jieitai, ASDF) (2011)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; mandatory retirement at age 53 for senior enlisted personnel and at 62 years for senior service officers (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "27,301,443", - "females_age_16_49": "26,307,003 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "22,390,431", - "females_age_16_49": "21,540,322 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "623,365", - "female": "591,253 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "the sovereignty dispute over the islands of Etorofu, Kunashiri, and Shikotan, and the Habomai group, known in Japan as the \"Northern Territories\" and in Russia as the \"Southern Kuril Islands,\" occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945, now administered by Russia and claimed by Japan, remains the primary sticking point to signing a peace treaty formally ending World War II hostilities; Japan and South Korea claim Liancourt Rocks (Take-shima/Tok-do) occupied by South Korea since 1954; China and Taiwan dispute both Japan's claims to the uninhabited islands of the Senkaku-shoto (Diaoyu Tai) and Japan's unilaterally declared exclusive economic zone in the East China Sea, the site of intensive hydrocarbon prospecting" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "stateless_persons": "1,100 (2012)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/asia/kg-kyrgyzstan.json b/asia/kg-kyrgyzstan.json deleted file mode 100644 index 1d5b499e..00000000 --- a/asia/kg-kyrgyzstan.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,610 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "A Central Asian country of incredible natural beauty and proud nomadic traditions, most of Kyrgyzstan was formally annexed to Russia in 1876. The Kyrgyz staged a major revolt against the Tsarist Empire in 1916 in which almost one-sixth of the Kyrgyz population was killed. Kyrgyzstan became a Soviet republic in 1936 and achieved independence in 1991 when the USSR dissolved. Nationwide demonstrations in the spring of 2005 resulted in the ouster of President Askar AKAEV, who had run the country since 1990. Subsequent presidential elections in July 2005 were won overwhelmingly by former prime minister Kurmanbek BAKIEV. Over the next few years, the new president manipulated the parliament to accrue new powers for himself. In July 2009, after months of harassment against his opponents and media critics, BAKIEV won re-election in a presidential campaign that the international community deemed flawed. In April 2010, violent protests in Bishkek led to the collapse of the BAKIEV regime and his eventual fleeing to Minsk, Belarus. His successor, Roza OTUNBAEVA, served as transitional president until Almazbek ATAMBAEV was inaugurated in December 2011. Continuing concerns include: the trajectory of democratization, endemic corruption, poor interethnic relations, and terrorism." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Central Asia, west of China, south of Kazakhstan" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "41 00 N, 75 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Asia" - }, - "area": { - "total": "199,951 sq km", - "land": "191,801 sq km", - "water": "8,150 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than South Dakota" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "3,051 km", - "border_countries": "China 858 km, Kazakhstan 1,224 km, Tajikistan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,099 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan Mountains; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "peaks of Tien Shan and associated valleys and basins encompass entire nation" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Kara-Daryya (Karadar'ya) 132 m", - "highest_point": "Jengish Chokusu (Pik Pobedy) 7,439 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "abundant hydropower; significant deposits of gold and rare earth metals; locally exploitable coal, oil, and natural gas; other deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "6.38%", - "permanent_crops": "0.37%", - "other": "93.24%", - "note": "Kyrgyzstan has the world's largest natural-growth walnut forest (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "10,210 sq km (2005)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "23.62 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "8.01 cu km/yr (3%/4%/93%)", - "per_capita": "1,558 cu m/yr (2006)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "water pollution; many people get their water directly from contaminated streams and wells; as a result, water-borne diseases are prevalent; increasing soil salinity from faulty irrigation practices" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; entirely mountainous, dominated by the Tien Shan range; 94% of the country is 1,000 m above sea level with an average elevation of 2,750 m; many tall peaks, glaciers, and high-altitude lakes" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Kyrgyzstani(s)", - "adjective": "Kyrgyzstani" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Kyrgyz 64.9%, Uzbek 13.8%, Russian 12.5%, Dungan 1.1%, Ukrainian 1%, Uighur 1%, other 5.7% (1999 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Kyrgyz (official) 64.7%, Uzbek 13.6%, Russian (official) 12.5%, Dungun 1%, other 8.2% (1999 census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim 75%, Russian Orthodox 20%, other 5%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "5,548,042 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "29.7% (male 842,511/female 805,295)", - "15_24_years": "19.4% (male 547,456/female 530,702)", - "25_54_years": "39.2% (male 1,063,702/female 1,111,423)", - "55_64_years": "6.8% (male 162,851/female 213,254)", - "65_years_and_over": "4.9% (male 104,129/female 166,719) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "52.7 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "46.4 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.4 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "15.7 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "25.4 years", - "male": "24.5 years", - "female": "26.4 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.97% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "23.67 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "6.83 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-7.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "35.3% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.31% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "BISHKEK (capital) 854,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.96 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.77 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.63 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.96 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "23.6 (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "71 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "29.73 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "34.05 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "25.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "69.75 years", - "male": "65.58 years", - "female": "74.21 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.71 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "47.8% (2005/06)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "6.2% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "2.3 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "5.06 beds/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 85% of population; total: 90% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 15% of population; total: 10% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 94% of population; rural: 93% of population; total: 93% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 6% of population; rural: 7% of population; total: 7% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.3% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "9,800 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 500 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "15.5% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "2.7% (2006)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.8% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99.2%", - "male": "99.5%", - "female": "99% (2009 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "12 years", - "male": "12 years", - "female": "13 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "563,920", - "percentage": "40.3 %", - "note": "data represents children ages 5-17 (2007 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "14.6%", - "male": "13.6%", - "female": "16.2% (2006)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Kyrgyz Republic", - "conventional_short_form": "Kyrgyzstan", - "local_long_form": "Kyrgyz Respublikasy", - "local_short_form": "Kyrgyzstan", - "former": "Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Bishkek", - "geographic_coordinates": "42 52 N, 74 36 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "7 provinces (oblastlar, singular - oblasty) and 1 city* (shaar); Batken Oblasty, Bishkek Shaary*, Chuy Oblasty (Bishkek), Jalal-Abad Oblasty, Naryn Oblasty, Osh Oblasty, Talas Oblasty, Ysyk-Kol Oblasty (Karakol)", - "note": "administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "31 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 31 August (1991)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "27 June 2010" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system which includes features of French civil law and Russian Federation laws" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Almazbek ATAMBAEV (since 1 December 2011)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Jantoro SATYBALDIEV (since 5 September 2012); First Deputy Prime Minister - Joomart OTORBAEV (since 5 September 2012); Deputy Prime Ministers - Tayyrbek SARPASHEV and Kamila TALIEVA (since 5 September 2012), Tokon MAMYTOV (since 19 June 2013)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president; ministers in charge of defense and security are appointed solely by the president", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held on 30 October 2011 (next to be held in 2017); prime minister nominated by the parliamentary party holding more than 50% of the seats; if no such party exists, the president selects the party that will form a coalition majority and government", - "election_results": "Almazbek ATAMBAEV elected president; percent of vote - Almazbek ATAMBAEV 63.2%, Adakhan MADUMAROV 14.7%, Kamchybek TASHIEV 14.3%, other 7.8%; Jantoro SATYBALDIEV elected prime minister; parliamentary vote - 111-2" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Supreme Council or Jogorku Kengesh (120 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 10 October 2010 (next to be held in 2015)", - "election_results": "Supreme Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Ata-Jurt 28, SDPK 26, Ar-Namys 25, Respublika 23, Ata-Meken 18" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of 25 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the Supreme Council on the recommendation of the president; Supreme Court judges serve for 10 years, Constitutional Court judges serve for 15 years; mandatory retirement at age 70 for judges of both courts", - "subordinate_courts": "Higher Court of Arbitration; oblast (provincial) and city courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Ar-Namys (Dignity) Party [Feliks KULOV]; Ata-Jurt (Homeland) [Kamchybek TASHIEV, Akhmat KELDIBEKOV]; Ata-Meken (Fatherland) [Omurbek TEKEBAEV]; Butun Kyrgyzstan (All Kyrgyzstan) [Adakhan MADUMAROV]; Respublika [Omurbek BABANOV]; Social-Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan (SDPK) [Almazbek ATAMBAEV]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Adilet (Justice) Legal Clinic [Cholpon JAKUPOVA]; Citizens Against Corruption [Tolekan ISMAILOVA]; Coalition for Democracy and Civil Society [Dinara OSHURAKHUNOVA]; Kylym Shamy (Torch of the Century) [Aziza ABDIRASULOVA]; Precedent Partnership Group [Nurbek TOKTAKUNOV]; Societal Analysis Public Association [Rita KARASARTOVA]; Union of True Muslims [Nurlan MOTUEV]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (compliant country), FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Mukhtar JUMALIEV", - "chancery": "2360 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 449-9822", - "fax": "[1] (202) 386-7550", - "consulates": "New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Pamela SPRATLEN", - "embassy": "171 Prospect Mira, Bishkek 720016", - "mailing_address": "use embassy street address", - "telephone": "[996] (312) 551-241, (517) 777-217", - "fax": "[996] (312) 551-264" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "red field with a yellow sun in the center having 40 rays representing the 40 Kyrgyz tribes; on the obverse side the rays run counterclockwise, on the reverse, clockwise; in the center of the sun is a red ring crossed by two sets of three lines, a stylized representation of a \"tunduk\" - the crown of a traditional Kyrgyz yurt; red symbolizes bravery and valor, the sun evinces peace and wealth" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "gyrfalcon" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Kyrgyz Respublikasynyn Mamlekettik Gimni\" (National Anthem of the Kyrgyz Republic)", - "lyrics_music": "Djamil SADYKOV and Eshmambet KULUEV/Nasyr DAVLESOV and Kalyi MOLDOBASANOV", - "note": "adopted 1992" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Kyrgyzstan is a poor, mountainous country with a dominant agricultural sector. Cotton, tobacco, wool, and meat are the main agricultural products, although only tobacco and cotton are exported in any quantity. Industrial exports include gold, mercury, uranium, natural gas, and electricity. The economy depends heavily on gold exports - mainly from output at the Kumtor gold mine - and on remittances from Kyrgyzstani migrant workers primarily in Russia. Following independence, Kyrgyzstan was progressive in carrying out market reforms, such as an improved regulatory system and land reform. Kyrgyzstan was the first Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) country to be accepted into the World Trade Organization. Much of the government's stock in enterprises has been sold. Drops in production had been severe after the breakup of the Soviet Union in December 1991, but by mid-1995, production began to recover and exports began to increase. In 2005, the BAKIEV government and international financial institutions initiated a comprehensive medium-term poverty reduction and economic growth strategy. The government made steady strides in controlling its substantial fiscal deficit, nearly closing the gap between revenues and expenditures in 2006, before boosting expenditures more than 20% in 2007-08. GDP grew about 8% annually in 2007-08, partly due to higher gold prices internationally, but slowed to 2.9% in 2009. The overthrow of President BAKIEV in April 2010 and subsequent ethnic clashes left hundreds dead and damaged infrastructure. Shrinking trade and agricultural production, as well as the political instability caused by the change in government, caused GDP to contract 0.5% in 2010. The fiscal deficit widened to 11% of GDP in 2010, reflecting significant increases in crisis-related spending, including both rehabilitation of damaged infrastructure and bank recapitalization. The economy grew 5.7% in 2011, but slowed to around 1% in 2012, primarily due to an 83% decrease in production from Kumtor. As a result, the budget deficit increased at year's end. Progress in fighting corruption, improving transparency in licensing, business permits and taxations, restructuring domestic industry, and attracting foreign aid and investment are key to future growth." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$13.5 billion (2012 est.); $13.62 billion (2011 est.); $12.85 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$6.473 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.9% (2012 est.); 6% (2011 est.); -0.5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$2,400 (2012 est.); $2,500 (2011 est.); $2,300 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "2.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 19% of GDP (2011 est.); 18.5% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "86.5%", - "government_consumption": "20.7%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "25.7%", - "investment_in_inventories": "-0.5%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "53.3%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-85.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "20.8%", - "industry": "23.3%", - "services": "55.9% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "tobacco, cotton, potatoes, vegetables, grapes, fruits and berries; sheep, goats, cattle, wool" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "small machinery, textiles, food processing, cement, shoes, sawn logs, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold, rare earth metals" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-20% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "2.344 million (2007)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "48%", - "industry": "12.5%", - "services": "39.5% (2005 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "8.6% (2011 est.); 18% (2004 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "33.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.8%", - "highest_10%": "27.8% (2009 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "33.4 (2007); 29 (2001)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$1.908 billion", - "expenditures": "$2.138 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "29.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-3.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.7% (2012 est.); 16.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "13.73% (22 December 2011 est.); 2.5% (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "28.43% (31 December 2012 est.); 34.07% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$1.372 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.151 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$1.952 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.654 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$932.5 million (31 December 2012 est.); $761.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$165 million (31 December 2011); $79 million (31 December 2010); $71.84 million (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$546.3 million (2012 est.); -$252.4 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$2 billion (2012 est.); $2.271 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "gold, cotton, wool, garments, meat, tobacco; mercury, uranium, electricity; machinery; shoes" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Uzbekistan 28.8%, Kazakhstan 22%, Russia 14.6%, China 7%, UAE 6.3%, Afghanistan 5.7% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$4.981 billion (2012 est.); $3.936 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "oil and gas, machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 55.9%, Russia 17.7%, Kazakhstan 6.4% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$2.066 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.835 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$3.722 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.486 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$1.572 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.312 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$39.6 million (31 December 2012 est.); $39.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "soms (KGS) per US dollar -; 47.005 (2012 est.); 46.144 (2011 est.); 45.964 (2010 est.); 42.905 (2009); 36.108 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "14.9 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "7.29 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "2.62 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "535 million kWh (2008 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "3.64 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "20.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "79.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "1,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "2,387 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "40 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "2,607 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "16,640 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "5,902 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "28,940 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "12.5 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "462.5 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "NA (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "450 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "5.663 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "4.131 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "502,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "6.277 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "telecommunications infrastructure is being upgraded; loans from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) are being used to install a digital network, digital radio-relay stations, and fiber-optic links", - "domestic": "fixed-line penetration remains low and concentrated in urban areas; multiple mobile-cellular service providers with growing coverage; mobile-cellular subscribership was about 115 per 100 persons in 2011", - "international": "country code - 996; connections with other CIS countries by landline or microwave radio relay and with other countries by leased connections with Moscow international gateway switch and by satellite; satellite earth stations - 2 (1 Intersputnik, 1 Intelsat); connected internationally by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-run TV broadcaster operates 2 nationwide networks and 6 regional stations; roughly 20 private TV stations operating with most rebroadcasting other channels; state-run radio broadcaster operates 2 networks; about 20 private radio stations (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".kg" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "115,573 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "2.195 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "28 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "18", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "3", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "11", - "under_914_m": "3 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "10", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1", - "under_914_m": "8 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 480 km; oil 16 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "470 km", - "broad_gauge": "470 km 1.520-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "34,000 km (2003)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "600 km (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Balykchy (Ysyk-Kol or Rybach'ye)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Ground Forces, Air Force (includes Air Defense Forces) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary male military service in the Armed Forces or Interior Ministry; service obligation - 1 year, with optional fee-based 3-year service in the callup mobilization reserve; women may volunteer at age 19; 16-17 years of age for military cadets, who cannot take part in military operations (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,456,881", - "females_age_16_49": "1,470,317 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,119,224", - "females_age_16_49": "1,257,263 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "56,606", - "female": "54,056 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "2.8% of GDP (2011)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Kyrgyzstan has yet to ratify the 2001 boundary delimitation with Kazakhstan; disputes in Isfara Valley delay completion of delimitation with Tajikistan; delimitation of 130 km of border with Uzbekistan is hampered by serious disputes over enclaves and other areas" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "idps": "172,000 (June 2010 violence in southern Kyrgyzstan between the Kyrgyz majority and the Uzbek minority) (2012)", - "stateless_persons": "15,473 (2012); note - most stateless people were born in Kyrgystan, have lived there many years, or are married to a Kyrgyz citizen; in 2009, Kyrgyzstan adopted a national action plan to speed up the exchange of old Soviet passports for Kyrgyz ones; stateless people are unable to register marriages and births, to travel within the country or abroad, to own property, or to receive social benefits" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy for CIS markets; limited government eradication of illicit crops; transit point for Southwest Asian narcotics bound for Russia and the rest of Europe; major consumer of opiates" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/asia/kh-cambodia.json b/asia/kh-cambodia.json deleted file mode 100644 index 01417d2c..00000000 --- a/asia/kh-cambodia.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,626 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Most Cambodians consider themselves to be Khmers, descendants of the Angkor Empire that extended over much of Southeast Asia and reached its zenith between the 10th and 13th centuries. Attacks by the Thai and Cham (from present-day Vietnam) weakened the empire, ushering in a long period of decline. The king placed the country under French protection in 1863, and it became part of French Indochina in 1887. Following Japanese occupation in World War II, Cambodia gained full independence from France in 1953. In April 1975, after a five-year struggle, communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh and evacuated all cities and towns. At least 1.5 million Cambodians died from execution, forced hardships, or starvation during the Khmer Rouge regime under POL POT. A December 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside, began a 10-year Vietnamese occupation, and touched off almost 13 years of civil war. The 1991 Paris Peace Accords mandated democratic elections and a ceasefire, which was not fully respected by the Khmer Rouge. UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of normalcy under a coalition government. Factional fighting in 1997 ended the first coalition government, but a second round of national elections in 1998 led to the formation of another coalition government and renewed political stability. The remaining elements of the Khmer Rouge surrendered in early 1999. Some of the surviving Khmer Rouge leaders have been tried or are awaiting trial for crimes against humanity by a hybrid UN-Cambodian tribunal supported by international assistance. Elections in July 2003 were relatively peaceful, but it took one year of negotiations between contending political parties before a coalition government was formed. In October 2004, King Norodom SIHANOUK abdicated the throne and his son, Prince Norodom SIHAMONI, was selected to succeed him. Local elections were held in Cambodia in April 2007, with little of the pre-election violence that preceded prior elections. National elections in July 2008 were relatively peaceful, as were commune council elections in June 2012." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "13 00 N, 105 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Southeast Asia" - }, - "area": { - "total": "181,035 sq km", - "land": "176,515 sq km", - "water": "4,520 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Oklahoma" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "2,572 km", - "border_countries": "Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "443 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Gulf of Thailand 0 m", - "highest_point": "Phnum Aoral 1,810 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "oil and gas, timber, gemstones, iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "22.09%", - "permanent_crops": "0.86%", - "other": "77.05% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "3,536 sq km (2006)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "476.1 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "2.18 cu km/yr (4%/2%/94%)", - "per_capita": "159.8 cu m/yr (2006)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "illegal logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries); soil erosion; in rural areas, most of the population does not have access to potable water; declining fish stocks because of illegal fishing and overfishing" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Law of the Sea" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap (Southeast Asia's largest freshwater lake)" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Cambodian(s)", - "adjective": "Cambodian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Khmer (official) 95%, French, English" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Buddhist (official) 96.4%, Muslim 2.1%, other 1.3%, unspecified 0.2% (1998 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "15,205,539 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimates for this country take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "31.7% (male 2,428,507/female 2,397,327)", - "15_24_years": "21.2% (male 1,597,990/female 1,627,161)", - "25_54_years": "38.2% (male 2,828,752/female 2,985,226)", - "55_64_years": "4.9% (male 287,073/female 464,991)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.9% (male 221,356/female 367,156) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "57.3 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "48.9 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "8.4 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "11.9 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "23.7 years", - "male": "23 years", - "female": "24.4 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.67% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "24.88 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "7.88 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.33 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "20% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.13% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "PHNOM PENH (capital) 1.55 million (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.94 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.63 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.6 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.94 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "22.8", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "250 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "52.7 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "59.54 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "45.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "63.41 years", - "male": "61.01 years", - "female": "65.93 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.72 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "50.5% (2010/11)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "5.6% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.23 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.84 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 87% of population; rural: 58% of population; total: 64% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 13% of population; rural: 42% of population; total: 36% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 73% of population; rural: 20% of population; total: 31% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 27% of population; rural: 80% of population; total: 69% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.5% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "63,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "3,100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria", - "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "2.1% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "29% (2011)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "2.6% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "73.9%", - "male": "82.8%", - "female": "65.9% (2009 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "10 years", - "male": "11 years", - "female": "10 years (2008)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "1,345,269", - "percentage": "39 % (2001 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "3.4%", - "male": "3.5%", - "female": "3.3% (2008)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Kingdom of Cambodia", - "conventional_short_form": "Cambodia", - "local_long_form": "Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea (phonetic pronunciation)", - "local_short_form": "Kampuchea", - "former": "Khmer Republic, Democratic Kampuchea, People's Republic of Kampuchea, State of Cambodia" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "multiparty democracy under a constitutional monarchy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Phnom Penh", - "geographic_coordinates": "11 33 N, 104 55 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "23 provinces (khett, singular and plural) and 1 municipality (krong, singular and plural)", - "provinces": "Banteay Meanchey, Battambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Speu, Kampong Thom, Kampot, Kandal, Kep, Koh Kong, Kratie, Mondolkiri, Oddar Meanchey, Pailin, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Pursat, Ratanakiri, Siem Reap, Sihanoukville, Stung Treng, Svay Rieng, Takeo", - "municipalities": "Phnom Penh (Phnum Penh)" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "9 November 1953 (from France)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 9 November (1953)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "promulgated 21 September 1993" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system (influenced by the UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia) customary law, Communist legal theory, and common law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "King Norodom SIHAMONI (since 29 October 2004)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister HUN SEN (since 14 January 1985) [co-prime minister from 1993 to 1997]; Permanent Deputy Prime Minister MEN SAM AN (since 25 September 2008); Deputy Prime Ministers SAR KHENG (since 3 February 1992); SOK AN, TEA BANH, HOR NAMHONG, NHEK BUNCHHAY (since 16 July 2004); BIN CHHIN (since 5 September 2007); KEAT CHHON, YIM CHHAI LY (since 24 September 2008); KE KIMYAN (since 12 March 2009)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and appointed by the monarch", - "elections": "the king chosen by a Royal Throne Council from among all eligible males of royal descent; following legislative elections, a member of the majority party or majority coalition named prime minister by the Chairman of the National Assembly and appointed by the king" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral, consists of the Senate (61 seats; 2 members appointed by the monarch, 2 elected by the National Assembly, and 57 elected by parliamentarians and commune councils; members serve five-year terms) and the National Assembly (123 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "Senate - last held on 4 February 2012 (next to be held in February 2018); National Assembly - last held on 28 July 2013 (next to be held in July 2018)", - "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - CPP 77.8%, CNRP (SRP) 22.2%; seats by party - CPP 46, CNRP (SRP) 11; National Assembly (preliminary results) - percent of vote by party - CPP 49.4%, NRP 44.3%, FUNCINPEC 3.3%, others 3.0%; seats by party - CPP 67, CNRP 56" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (organized into 5- and 9-judge panels and includes a court chief and deputy chief); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members) note - in 1997, the Cambodian Government requested UN assistance in establishing trials to prosecute former Khmer Rouge senior leaders for crimes against humanity committed during the 1975-1979 Khmer Rouge regime; the Extraordinary Chambers of the Courts in Cambodia were established and began hearings for the first case in 2009", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judge candidates recommended by the Supreme Council of Magistracy, a 9-member body chaired by the monarch and includes other high-level judicial officers; judges of both courts appointed by the monarch; Supreme Court judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed for 9-year terms with one-third of the court renewed every 3 years", - "subordinate_courts": "municipal and provincial courts; appellate courts; military court" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Cambodian People's Party or CPP [CHEA SIM]; Cambodian National Rescue Party or CNRP [SAM RANGSI also spelled SAM RAINSY]; National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia or FUNCINPEC [KEV PUT REAKSMEI]; Nationalist Party or NP former Norodom Ranariddh Party or NRP [SAO RANY]", - "note": "the CNRP is a merger between the former Human Rights Party or HRP [KHEM SOKHA, also spelled KEM SOKHA] and the Sam Rangsi Party or SRP" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Cambodian Freedom Fighters or CFF; Partnership for Transparency Fund or PTF (anti-corruption organization); Students Movement for Democracy; The Committee for Free and Fair Elections or Comfrel", - "other": "human rights organizations; vendors" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB, ARF, ASEAN, CICA, CICA (observer), EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador HENG HEM", - "chancery": "4530 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 726-7742", - "fax": "[1] (202) 726-8381" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador William E. TODD", - "embassy": "#1, Street 96, Sangkat Wat Phnom, Khan Daun Penh, Phnom Penh", - "mailing_address": "Box P, APO AP 96546", - "telephone": "[855] (23) 728-000", - "fax": "[855] (23) 728-600" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat outlined in black in the center of the red band; red and blue are traditional Cambodian colors", - "note": "only national flag to incorporate an actual building in its design" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Angkor Wat temple; kouprey (wild ox)" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Nokoreach\" (Royal Kingdom)", - "lyrics_music": "CHUON NAT/F. PERRUCHOT and J. JEKYLL", - "note": "adopted 1941, restored 1993; the anthem, based on a Cambodian folk tune, was restored after the defeat of the Communist regime" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Since 2004, garments, construction, agriculture, and tourism have driven Cambodia's growth. GDP climbed more than 6% per year between 2010 and 2012. The garment industry currently employs more about 400,000 people and accounts for about 70% of Cambodia's total exports. In 2005, exploitable oil deposits were found beneath Cambodia's territorial waters, representing a potential revenue stream for the government, if commercial extraction becomes feasible. Mining also is attracting some investor interest and the government has touted opportunities for mining bauxite, gold, iron and gems. The tourism industry has continued to grow rapidly with foreign arrivals exceeding 2 million per year since 2007 and reaching over 3 million visitors in 2012. Cambodia, nevertheless, remains one of the poorest countries in Asia and long-term economic development remains a daunting challenge, inhibited by endemic corruption, limited educational opportunities, high income inequality, and poor job prospects. Approximately 4 million people live on less than $1.25 per day, and 37% of Cambodian children under the age of 5 suffer from chronic malnutrition. More than 50% of the population is less than 25 years old. The population lacks education and productive skills, particularly in the impoverished countryside, which also lacks basic infrastructure. The Cambodian Government is working with bilateral and multilateral donors, including the Asian Development Bank, the World Bank and IMF, to address the country's many pressing needs; more than 50% of the government budget comes from donor assistance. The major economic challenge for Cambodia over the next decade will be fashioning an economic environment in which the private sector can create enough jobs to handle Cambodia's demographic imbalance." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$37.25 billion (2012 est.); $34.99 billion (2011 est.); $32.68 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$14.24 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "6.5% (2012 est.); 7.1% (2011 est.); 6.1% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$2,400 (2012 est.); $2,300 (2011 est.); $2,200 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "12.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 14.3% of GDP (2011 est.); 10.6% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "74%", - "government_consumption": "8%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "20.3%", - "investment_in_inventories": "2.5%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "63.5%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-68.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "36%", - "industry": "24.3%", - "services": "39.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "rice, rubber, corn, vegetables, cashews, cassava (manioc), silk" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "tourism, garments, construction, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "9.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "7.9 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "55.8%", - "industry": "16.9%", - "services": "27.3% (2010 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "0% (2011 est.); 0.3% (2010 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "20% (2012 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3%", - "highest_10%": "37.3% (2007)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "37.9 (2008 est.); 41.9 (2004 est.)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$2.393 billion", - "expenditures": "$2.83 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "16.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-3.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "NA% of GDP" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.9% (2012 est.); 5.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "NA% (31 December 2012); 5.25% (31 December 2007)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "12.98% (31 December 2012 est.); 15.22% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$995.1 million (31 December 2012 est.); $965.8 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$5.695 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.037 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$4.801 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.115 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$1.508 billion (2012 est.); -$1.122 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$5.794 billion (2012 est.); $5.22 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "clothing, timber, rubber, rice, fish, tobacco, footwear" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 32.7%, UK 8.4%, Germany 7.7%, Canada 7.7%, Singapore 6.6%, Vietnam 5.8%, Japan 4.7% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$7.837 billion (2012 est.); $6.71 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "petroleum products, cigarettes, gold, construction materials, machinery, motor vehicles, pharmaceutical products" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Thailand 27.2%, Vietnam 20%, China 19.5%, Singapore 7.1%, Hong Kong 5.9%, South Korea 4.3% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$4.938 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.069 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$4.446 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.336 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "riels (KHR) per US dollar -; 4,033 (2012 est.); 4,058.5 (2011 est.); 4,184.9 (2010 est.); 4,139 (2009); 4,070.94 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "1.019 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "2.573 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "1.83 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "390,900 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "95.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "3.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "1.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "39,350 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "34,340 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "3.59 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "530,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "13.757 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "adequate fixed-line and/or cellular service in Phnom Penh and other provincial cities; mobile-cellular phone systems are widely used in urban areas to bypass deficiencies in the fixed-line network; mobile-phone coverage is rapidly expanding in rural areas", - "domestic": "fixed-line connections stand at about 4 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage, aided by competition among service providers, is increasing rapidly and stands at 92 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 855; adequate but expensive landline and cellular service available to all countries from Phnom Penh and major provincial cities; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "mixture of state-owned, joint public-private, and privately owned broadcast media; 9 TV broadcast stations with most operating on multiple channels, including 1 state-operated station broadcasting from multiple locations, 6 stations either jointly operated or privately owned with some broadcasting from several locations, and 2 TV relay stations - one relaying a French TV station and the other relaying a Vietnamese TV station; multi-channel cable and satellite systems are available; roughly 50 radio broadcast stations - 1 state-owned broadcaster with multiple stations and a large mixture of public and private broadcasters; several international broadcasters are available (2009)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".kh" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "13,784 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "78,500 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "16 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "6", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "3", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "10", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2", - "914_to_1_523_m": "7", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "690 km", - "narrow_gauge": "690 km 1.000-m gauge", - "note": "under restoration (2010)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "39,618 km", - "paved": "2,492 km", - "unpaved": "37,126 km (2009)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "3,700 km (mainly on Mekong River) (2012)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "544", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 38, cargo 459, carrier 7, chemical tanker 4, container 4, liquefied gas 1, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 6, petroleum tanker 8, refrigerated cargo 11, roll on/roll off 4, vehicle carrier 1", - "foreign_owned": "352 (Belgium 1, Canada 2, China 177, Cyprus 4, Egypt 4, Estonia 1, French Polynesia 1, Gabon 1, Greece 2, Hong Kong 10, Indonesia 2, Ireland 1, Japan 1, Lebanon 5, Russia 50, Singapore 3, South Korea 10, Syria 22, Taiwan 1, Turkey 15, UAE 2, UK 1, Ukraine 35, Vietnam 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Sihanoukville (Kampong Saom)", - "river_ports": "Phnom Penh (Mekong)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Royal Cambodian Armed Forces: Royal Cambodian Army, Royal Khmer Navy, Royal Cambodian Air Force (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory and voluntary military service (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "3,883,724", - "females_age_16_49": "4,003,585 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,638,167", - "females_age_16_49": "2,965,328 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "151,143", - "female": "154,542 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "2.4% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Cambodia is concerned about Laos' extensive upstream dam construction; Cambodia and Thailand dispute sections of boundary; in 2011 Thailand and Cambodia resorted to arms in the dispute over the location of the boundary on the precipice surmounted by Preah Vihear Temple ruins, awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962 and part of a UN World Heritage site; Cambodia accuses Vietnam of a wide variety of illicit cross-border activities; progress on a joint development area with Vietnam is hampered by an unresolved dispute over sovereignty of offshore islands" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Cambodia is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; Cambodian men, women, and children migrate to countries within the region for legitimate work but are subsequently subjected to sex trafficking, domestic servitude, debt bondage, or forced labor; the inability to understand formal obligations, read contracts, or pay processing fees, and inadequate government regulatory oversight renders some Cambodian migrant workers vulnerable to such exploitation; poor Cambodian children are subject to forced labor, including forced begging in Thailand and Vietnam; Cambodian and ethnic Vietnamese women and girls are trafficked from rural areas to urban centers for sexual exploitation; Cambodian men are the main exploiters of child prostitutes, but men from other Asian countries, the US, and Europe travel to Cambodia for child sex tourism", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Cambodia does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government has prosecuted and convicted fewer trafficking offenders and identified fewer victims than in the previous year; corruption continues to impede anti-trafficking endeavors; authorities systematically refer identified victims to NGO shelters, which provide the majority of services but lack long-term care services, making victims, particularly children, vulnerable to re-trafficking; the government has established a migration working group within its anti-trafficking committee to better address the exploitation of Cambodian workers abroad, but laws governing migrant workers abroad remain weak (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "narcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some in the government, military, and police; limited methamphetamine production; vulnerable to money laundering due to its cash-based economy and porous borders" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/asia/kp-north-korea.json b/asia/kp-north-korea.json deleted file mode 100644 index 504b363b..00000000 --- a/asia/kp-north-korea.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,559 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "An independent kingdom for much of its long history, Korea was occupied by Japan beginning in 1905 following the Russo-Japanese War. Five years later, Japan formally annexed the entire peninsula. Following World War II, Korea was split with the northern half coming under Soviet-sponsored communist control. After failing in the Korean War (1950-53) to conquer the US-backed Republic of Korea (ROK) in the southern portion by force, North Korea (DPRK), under its founder President KIM Il Sung, adopted a policy of ostensible diplomatic and economic \"self-reliance\" as a check against outside influence. The DPRK demonized the US as the ultimate threat to its social system through state-funded propaganda, and molded political, economic, and military policies around the core ideological objective of eventual unification of Korea under Pyongyang's control. KIM Il Sung's son, KIM Jong Il, was officially designated as his father's successor in 1980, assuming a growing political and managerial role until the elder KIM's death in 1994. KIM Jong Un was publicly unveiled as his father's successor in September 2010. Following KIM Jong Il's death in December 2011, the regime began to take actions to transfer power to KIM Jong Un and KIM has now assumed many his father's former titles and duties. After decades of economic mismanagement and resource misallocation, the DPRK since the mid-1990s has relied heavily on international aid to feed its population. The DPRK began to ease restrictions to allow semi-private markets, starting in 2002, but then sought to roll back the scale of economic reforms in 2005 and 2009. North Korea's history of regional military provocations; proliferation of military-related items; long-range missile development; WMD programs including tests of nuclear devices in 2006, 2009, and 2013; and massive conventional armed forces are of major concern to the international community." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Eastern Asia, northern half of the Korean Peninsula bordering the Korea Bay and the Sea of Japan, between China and South Korea" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "40 00 N, 127 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Asia" - }, - "area": { - "total": "120,538 sq km", - "land": "120,408 sq km", - "water": "130 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Mississippi" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,671.5 km", - "border_countries": "China 1,416 km, South Korea 238 km, Russia 17.5 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "2,495 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "note": "military boundary line 50 nm in the Sea of Japan and the exclusive economic zone limit in the Yellow Sea where all foreign vessels and aircraft without permission are banned" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "temperate with rainfall concentrated in summer" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly hills and mountains separated by deep, narrow valleys; coastal plains wide in west, discontinuous in east" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Sea of Japan 0 m", - "highest_point": "Paektu-san 2,744 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "coal, lead, tungsten, zinc, graphite, magnesite, iron ore, copper, gold, pyrites, salt, fluorspar, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "19.08%", - "permanent_crops": "1.7%", - "other": "79.22% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "14,600 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "77.15 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "8.66 cu km/yr (10%/13%/76%)", - "per_capita": "360.6 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "late spring droughts often followed by severe flooding; occasional typhoons during the early fall", - "volcanism": "Changbaishan (elev. 2,744 m) (also known as Baitoushan, Baegdu or P'aektu-san), on the Chinese border, is considered historically active" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water; waterborne disease; deforestation; soil erosion and degradation" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Law of the Sea" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location bordering China, South Korea, and Russia; mountainous interior is isolated and sparsely populated" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Korean(s)", - "adjective": "Korean" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "racially homogeneous; there is a small Chinese community and a few ethnic Japanese" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Korean" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "traditionally Buddhist and Confucianist, some Christian and syncretic Chondogyo (Religion of the Heavenly Way)", - "note": "autonomous religious activities now almost nonexistent; government-sponsored religious groups exist to provide illusion of religious freedom" - }, - "population": { - "text": "24,720,407 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "21.7% (male 2,726,275/female 2,650,143)", - "15_24_years": "16.4% (male 2,059,388/female 2,005,987)", - "25_54_years": "43.8% (male 5,411,221/female 5,415,744)", - "55_64_years": "8.5% (male 988,922/female 1,108,156)", - "65_years_and_over": "9.5% (male 798,363/female 1,556,208) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "45.2 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "31.5 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "13.7 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "7.3 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "33.2 years", - "male": "31.6 years", - "female": "34.8 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.53% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "14.49 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "9.15 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "60.3% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.63% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "PYONGYANG (capital) 2.843 million (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.89 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.51 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.94 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "81 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "25.34 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "28.1 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "22.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "69.51 years", - "male": "65.65 years", - "female": "73.55 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.99 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "68.6% (2002)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "2% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "3.29 physicians/1,000 population (2003)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "13.2 beds/1,000 population (2002)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 97% of population; total: 98% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 3% of population; total: 2% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 86% of population; rural: 71% of population; total: 80% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 14% of population; rural: 29% of population; total: 20% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "3.9% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "20.6% (2004)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "100%", - "male": "100%", - "female": "100% (2008 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Democratic People's Republic of Korea", - "conventional_short_form": "North Korea", - "local_long_form": "Choson-minjujuui-inmin-konghwaguk", - "local_short_form": "Choson", - "abbreviation": "DPRK" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "Communist state one-man dictatorship" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Pyongyang", - "geographic_coordinates": "39 01 N, 125 45 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "9 provinces (do, singular and plural) and 2 municipalities (si, singular and plural)", - "provinces": "Chagang-do (Chagang), Hamgyong-bukto (North Hamgyong), Hamgyong-namdo (South Hamgyong), Hwanghae-bukto (North Hwanghae), Hwanghae-namdo (South Hwanghae), Kangwon-do (Kangwon), P'yongan-bukto (North P'yongan), P'yongan-namdo (South P'yongan), Yanggang-do (Yanggang)", - "municipalities": "Nason-si, P'yongyang-si (Pyongyang)" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "15 August 1945 (from Japan)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Founding of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), 9 September (1948)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "adopted 1948; revised several times" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system based on the Prussian model; system influenced by Japanese traditions and Communist legal theory" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "17 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "KIM Jong Un (since 17 December 2011); note - the rubberstamp Supreme People's Assembly (SPA) reelected KIM Yong Nam in 2009 president of its Presidium with responsibility of representing state and receiving diplomatic credentials", - "head_of_government": "Premier PAK Pong-ju (since 2 April 2013); Vice Premiers: HAN Kwang Bok (since 7 June 2010), JO Pyong Ju (since 7 June 2010), JON Ha Chol (since 7 June 2010), KANG Nung Su (since 7 June 2010), KANG Sok Ju (since 23 September 2010), KIM In Sik (since 13 April 2012), KIM Rak Hui (since 7 June 2010), KIM Yong Jin (since 6 January 2012), PAK Su Gil (since 18 September 2009), RI Chol Man (since 13 April 2012), RI Mu Yong (since 31 May 2011), RI Sung Ho (since 13 April 2012), RO Tu Chol (since 3 September 2003)", - "cabinet": "Naegak (cabinet) members, except for Minister of People's Armed Forces, are appointed by SPA", - "elections": "last election held in April 2012; date of next election NA", - "election_results": "KIM Jong Un elected unopposed" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Supreme People's Assembly or Ch'oego Inmin Hoeui (687 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 8 March 2009 (next to be held in March 2014)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; ruling party approves a list of candidates who are elected without opposition; a token number of seats are reserved for minor parties" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Central Court (consists of the chief justice and two \"People's Assessors\" and for some cases, 3 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges elected by the Supreme People's Assembly for 5-year terms", - "subordinate_courts": "provincial, municipal, military, special courts; people' courts (lowest level)" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "major_party": "Korean Workers' Party or KWP [KIM Jong Un]; ", - "minor_parties": "Chondoist Chongu Party [RYU Mi Yong] (under KWP control); Social Democratic Party [KIM Yong Dae] (under KWP control)" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "none" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ARF, FAO, G-77, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "text": "none; North Korea has a Permanent Mission to the UN in New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "text": "none; note - Swedish Embassy in Pyongyang represents the US as consular protecting power" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width), and blue; the red band is edged in white; on the hoist side of the red band is a white disk with a red five-pointed star; the broad red band symbolizes revolutionary traditions; the narrow white bands stands for purity, strength, and dignity; the blue bands signify sovereignty, peace, and friendship; the red star represents socialism" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "red star" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Aegukka\" (Patriotic Song)", - "lyrics_music": "PAK Se Yong/KIM Won Gyun", - "note": "adopted 1947; both North Korea and South Korea's anthems share the same name and have a vaguely similar melody but have different lyrics; the North Korean anthem is also known as \"Ach'imun pinnara\" (Let Morning Shine)" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "North Korea, one of the world's most centrally directed and least open economies, faces chronic economic problems. Industrial capital stock is nearly beyond repair as a result of years of underinvestment, shortages of spare parts, and poor maintenance. Large-scale military spending draws off resources needed for investment and civilian consumption. Industrial and power output have stagnated for years at a fraction of pre-1990 levels. Frequent weather-related crop failures aggravated chronic food shortages caused by on-going systemic problems, including a lack of arable land, collective farming practices, poor soil quality, insufficient fertilization, and persistent shortages of tractors and fuel. Large-scale international food aid deliveries as well as aid from China has allowed the people of North Korea to escape widespread starvation since famine threatened in 1995, but the population continues to suffer from prolonged malnutrition and poor living conditions. Since 2002, the government has allowed private \"farmers' markets\" to begin selling a wider range of goods. It also permitted some private farming - on an experimental basis - in an effort to boost agricultural output. In December 2009, North Korea carried out a redenomination of its currency, capping the amount of North Korean won that could be exchanged for the new notes, and limiting the exchange to a one-week window. A concurrent crackdown on markets and foreign currency use yielded severe shortages and inflation, forcing Pyongyang to ease the restrictions by February 2010. In response to the sinking of the South Korean destroyer Cheonan and the shelling of Yeonpyeong Island, South Korea's government cut off most aid, trade, and bilateral cooperation activities, with the exception of operations at the Kaesong Industrial Complex. In 2012, KIM Jong Un's first year of leadership, the North displayed increased focus on the economy by renewing its commitment to special economic zones with China, negotiating a new payment structure to settle its $11 billion Soviet-era debt to Russia, and purportedly proposing new agricultural and industrial policies to boost domestic production. The North Korean government often highlights its goal of becoming a \"strong and prosperous\" nation and attracting foreign investment, a key factor for improving the overall standard of living. Nevertheless, firm political control remains the government's overriding concern, which likely will inhibit fundamental reforms of North Korea's current economic system." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$40 billion (2011 est.); $40 billion (2010 est.); $40 billion (2009 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2011 US dollars; North Korea does not publish reliable National Income Accounts data; the data shown here are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) GDP estimates for North Korea that were made by Angus MADDISON in a study conducted for the OECD; his figure for 1999 was extrapolated to 2011 using estimated real growth rates for North Korea's GDP and an inflation factor based on the US GDP deflator; the results were rounded to the nearest $10 billion." - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$28 billion (2009 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.8% (2011 est.); -0.5% (2010 est.); -0.9% (2009 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$1,800 (2011 est.); $1,800 (2010 est.); $1,900 (2009 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2011 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "23.3%", - "industry": "42.9%", - "services": "33.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "rice, corn, potatoes, soybeans, pulses; cattle, pigs, pork, eggs" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "military products; machine building, electric power, chemicals; mining (coal, iron ore, limestone, magnesite, graphite, copper, zinc, lead, and precious metals), metallurgy; textiles, food processing; tourism" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "12.2 million", - "note": "estimates vary widely (2009 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "35%", - "industry_and_services": "65% (2008 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$3.2 billion", - "expenditures": "$3.3 billion (2007 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "11.4% of GDP", - "note": "excludes earnings from state-operated enterprises (2007 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-0.4% of GDP (2007 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$4.707 billion (2011); $3.704 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "minerals, metallurgical products, manufactures (including armaments), textiles, agricultural and fishery products" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "China 67.2%, South Korea 19.4%, India 3.6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$4.33 billion (2011 est.); $2.934 billion (2010 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "petroleum, coking coal, machinery and equipment, textiles, grain" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 61.6%, South Korea 20%, European Union 4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$12.5 billion (2001 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "North Korean won (KPW) per US dollar (market rate); 155.5 (2012 est.); 156.1 (2011 est.); 145 (2010 est.); 3,630 (December 2008); 140 (2007)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "20.45 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "17.12 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "9.5 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "47.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "52.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "8,432 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "9,133 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "15,070 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "7,967 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "63.69 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "1.18 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "1 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "adequate system; nationwide fiber-optic network; mobile-cellular service expanding beyond Pyongyang", - "domestic": "fiber-optic links installed down to the county level; telephone directories unavailable; GSM mobile-cellular service initiated in 2002 but suspended in 2004; Orascom Telecom Holding, an Egyptian company, launched W-CDMA mobile service on 15 December 2008 for the Pyongyang area, has expanded service to several large cities and now has a 1-million-person subscriber base", - "international": "country code - 850; satellite earth stations - 2 (1 Intelsat - Indian Ocean, 1 Russian - Indian Ocean region); other international connections through Moscow and Beijing (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "no independent media; radios and TVs are pre-tuned to government stations; 4 government-owned TV stations; the Korean Workers' Party owns and operates the Korean Central Broadcasting Station, and the state-run Voice of Korea operates an external broadcast service; the government prohibits listening to and jams foreign broadcasts (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".kp" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "8 (2012)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "82 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "39", - "over_3_047_m": "3", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "22", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "8", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2", - "under_914_m": "4 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "43", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "3", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "17", - "914_to_1_523_m": "15", - "under_914_m": "8 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "23 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "oil 6 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "5,242 km", - "standard_gauge": "5,242 km 1.435-m gauge (3,500 km electrified) (2009)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "25,554 km", - "paved": "724 km", - "unpaved": "24,830 km (2006)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "2,250 km (most navigable only by small craft) (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "158", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 6, cargo 131, carrier 1, chemical tanker 1, container 4, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 12, refrigerated cargo 2", - "foreign_owned": "13 (Belgium 1, China 3, Nigeria 1, Singapore 1, South Korea 1, Syria 4, UAE 2)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "6 (Mongolia 1, Sierra Leone 2, unknown 3) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Ch'ongjin, Haeju, Hungnam (Hamhung), Namp'o, Senbong, Songnim, Sonbong (formerly Unggi), Wonsan" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "North Korean People's Army: Ground Forces, Navy, Air Force; civil security forces (2005)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 is presumed to be the legal minimum age for compulsory military service; 16-17 is the presumed legal minimum age for voluntary service (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "6,515,279", - "females_age_16_49": "6,418,693 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "4,836,567", - "females_age_16_49": "5,230,137 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "207,737", - "female": "204,553 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "risking arrest, imprisonment, and deportation, tens of thousands of North Koreans cross into China to escape famine, economic privation, and political oppression; North Korea and China dispute the sovereignty of certain islands in Yalu and Tumen rivers; Military Demarcation Line within the 4-km-wide Demilitarized Zone has separated North from South Korea since 1953; periodic incidents in the Yellow Sea with South Korea which claims the Northern Limiting Line as a maritime boundary; North Korea supports South Korea in rejecting Japan's claim to Liancourt Rocks (Tok-do/Take-shima)" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "idps": "undetermined (periodic flooding and famine during mid-1990s) (2007)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "North Korea is a source country for men, women, and children who are subjected to forced labor, forced marriage, and sex trafficking; in the recent past, many North Korean women and girls lured by promises of food, jobs, and freedom migrated to China illegally to escape poor social and economic conditions only to be forced into prostitution, marriage, or exploitative labor arrangements; North Koreans do not have a choice in the work the government assigns them and are not free to change jobs at will; many North Korean workers recruited to work abroad under bilateral contracts with foreign governments are subjected to forced labor and reportedly face government reprisals if they try to escape or complain to outsiders; thousands of North Koreans, including children, are subjected to forced labor in prison camps", - "tier_rating": "Tier 3 - North Korea does not fully comply with minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government has conducted no known investigations, prosecutions, or convictions of trafficking offenders or officials complicit in forced labor or forced prostitution; the government also has reported no efforts to identify or assist trafficking victims and continues to deny human trafficking is a problem; authorities provide no discernible protection services to trafficking victims and does not permit NGOs to assist victims (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "for years, from the 1970s into the 2000s, citizens of the Democratic People's Republic of (North) Korea (DPRK), many of them diplomatic employees of the government, were apprehended abroad while trafficking in narcotics, including two in Turkey in December 2004; police investigations in Taiwan and Japan in recent years have linked North Korea to large illicit shipments of heroin and methamphetamine, including an attempt by the North Korean merchant ship Pong Su to deliver 150 kg of heroin to Australia in April 2003" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/asia/kr-south-korea.json b/asia/kr-south-korea.json deleted file mode 100644 index 6bc4b84b..00000000 --- a/asia/kr-south-korea.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,619 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "An independent kingdom for much of its long history, Korea was occupied by Japan beginning in 1905 following the Russo-Japanese War. In 1910, Tokyo formally annexed the entire Peninsula. Korea regained its independence following Japan's surrender to the United States in 1945. After World War II, a democratic-based government (Republic of Korea, ROK) was set up in the southern half of the Korean Peninsula while a communist-style government was installed in the north (Democratic People's Republic of Korea, DPRK). During the Korean War (1950-53), US troops and UN forces fought alongside ROK soldiers to defend South Korea from a DPRK invasion supported by China and the Soviet Union. A 1953 armistice split the peninsula along a demilitarized zone at about the 38th parallel. PARK Chung-hee took over leadership of the country in a 1961 coup. During his regime, from 1961 to 1979, South Korea achieved rapid economic growth, with per capita income rising to roughly 17 times the level of North Korea. South Korea held its first free presidential election under a revised democratic constitution in 1987, with former ROK Army general ROH Tae-woo winning a close race. In 1993, KIM Young-sam (1993-98) became South Korea's first civilian president. South Korea today is a fully functioning modern democracy. LEE Myung-bak (2008-2013) pursued a policy of global engagement , highlighted by Seoul's hosting of the G-20 summit in November 2010 and the Nuclear Security Summit in March 2012. South Korea also secured a non-permanent seat (2013-14) on the UN Security Council and will host the 2018 Winter Olympic Games. President PARK Geun-hye took office in February 2013 and is South Korea's first female leader. Serious tensions with North Korea have punctuated inter-Korean relations in recent years, including the North's sinking of the South Korean warship Cheonan in March 2010 and its artillery attack on South Korean soldiers and citizens in November 2010. In January 2013, South Korea assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2013-14 term." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Eastern Asia, southern half of the Korean Peninsula bordering the Sea of Japan and the Yellow Sea" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "37 00 N, 127 30 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Asia" - }, - "area": { - "total": "99,720 sq km", - "land": "96,920 sq km", - "water": "2,800 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than Indiana" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "238 km", - "border_countries": "North Korea 238 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "2,413 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm; between 3 nm and 12 nm in the Korea Strait", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "not specified" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "temperate, with rainfall heavier in summer than winter" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly hills and mountains; wide coastal plains in west and south" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Sea of Japan 0 m", - "highest_point": "Halla-san 1,950 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "coal, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum, lead, hydropower potential" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "14.93%", - "permanent_crops": "2.06%", - "other": "83% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "8,804 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "69.7 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "25.47 cu km/yr (26%/12%/62%)", - "per_capita": "548.7 cu m/yr (2003)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "occasional typhoons bring high winds and floods; low-level seismic activity common in southwest", - "volcanism": "Halla (elev. 1,950 m) is considered historically active although it has not erupted in many centuries" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "air pollution in large cities; acid rain; water pollution from the discharge of sewage and industrial effluents; drift net fishing" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location on Korea Strait" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Korean(s)", - "adjective": "Korean" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "homogeneous (except for about 20,000 Chinese)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Korean, English (widely taught in junior high and high school)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Christian 31.6% (Protestant 24%, Roman Catholic 7.6%), Buddhist 24.2%, other or unknown 0.9%, none 43.3% (2010 survey)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "48,955,203 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "14.6% (male 3,717,701/female 3,424,490)", - "15_24_years": "13.6% (male 3,525,050/female 3,117,198)", - "25_54_years": "47.8% (male 11,925,181/female 11,491,841)", - "55_64_years": "11.7% (male 2,842,996/female 2,907,730)", - "65_years_and_over": "12.3% (male 2,469,093/female 3,533,923) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "37.1 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "20.4 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "16.7 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "6 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "39.7 years", - "male": "38.2 years", - "female": "41 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.18% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "8.33 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "6.5 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "83.2% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.71% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "SEOUL (capital) 9.778 million; Busan (Pusan) 3.439 million; Incheon (Inch'on) 2.572 million; Daegu (Taegu) 2.458 million; Daejon (Taejon) 1.497 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.09 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.13 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.69 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "29.6 (2008 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "16 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "4.01 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "4.21 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "3.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "79.55 years", - "male": "76.4 years", - "female": "82.91 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.24 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "80%", - "note": "percent of women aged 15-44 (2009)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "6.9% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.97 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "10.3 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 88% of population; total: 98% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 12% of population; total: 2% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "less than 0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "9,500 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 500 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "7.7% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.1% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "97.9%", - "male": "99.2%", - "female": "96.6% (2002)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "17 years", - "male": "18 years", - "female": "16 years (2010)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "9.6%", - "male": "12.1%", - "female": "8.1% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Korea", - "conventional_short_form": "South Korea", - "local_long_form": "Taehan-min'guk", - "local_short_form": "Han'guk", - "abbreviation": "ROK" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Seoul", - "geographic_coordinates": "37 33 N, 126 59 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "9 provinces (do, singular and plural), 6 metropolitan cities (gwangyoksi, singular and plural), 1 special city, and 1 special self-governing city", - "provinces": "Chungbuk (North Chungcheong), Chungnam (South Chungcheong), Gangwon, Gyeonggi, Gyeongbuk (North Gyeongsang), Gyeongnam (South Gyeongsang), Jeju, Jeonbuk (North Jeolla), Jeonnam (South Jeolla)", - "metropolitan_cities": "Busan (Pusan), Daegu (Taegu), Daejon (Taejon), Gwangju (Kwangju), Incheon (Inch'on), Ulsan", - "special_city": "Seoul", - "special_self_governing_city": "Sejong" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "15 August 1945 (from Japan)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Liberation Day, 15 August (1945)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "17 July 1948; note - amended or rewritten many times; current constitution approved 29 October 1987" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system combining European civil law, Anglo-American law, and Chinese classical thought" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "19 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President PARK Geun-hye (since 25 February 2013)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister CHUNG Hong-won (since 26 February 2013); Deputy Prime Minister HYUN Oh-seok (since 26 June 2013)", - "cabinet": "State Council appointed by the president on the prime minister's recommendation", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a single five-year term; PARK Geun-hye elected on 19 December 2012; next election to be held in December 2017; prime minister appointed by president with consent of National Assembly", - "election_results": "PARK Geun-Hye elected president on 19 December 2012; percent of vote - PARK Geun-Hye (NFP) 51.6%, MOON Jae-In (DUP) 48%, others 0.4%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Gukhoe (300 seats; 246 members elected in single-seat constituencies, 54 elected by proportional representation; members serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 11 April 2012 (next to be held in April 2016)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NFP 152, DUP 127, UPP 13, LFP 5, independents 3" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of South Korea (consists of a chief justice and 13 justices); Constitutional Court (consists of a court head and 8 justices)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the president with the consent of the National Assembly; other justices appointed by the president upon the recommendation of the chief justice and consent of the National Assembly; position of the chief justice is a 6-year non-renewable term; other justices serve 6-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court justices appointed - 3 by the president, 3 by the National Assembly, and 3 by the Supreme Court chief justice; court head serves until retirement at age 70, while other justices serve 6-year renewable terms with mandatory retirement at age 65", - "subordinate_courts": "High Courts; District Courts; Branch Courts (organized undeer the Branch Courts); specialized courts for family and administrative issues" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Democratic Party or DP (formerly the Democratic United Party or DUP) [KIM Han-gil]; Liberty Forward Party or LFP (now part of the NFP); New Frontier Party (NFP) or Saenuri (formerly Grand National Party) [HWANG Woo-yea]; Progressive Justice Party or PJP [ROH Hoe-chan and CHO Joon-ho]; United Progressive Party or UPP [LEE Jung-hee]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Catholic Priests' Association for Justice; Citizen's Coalition for Economic Justice; Federation of Korean Industries; Federation of Korean Trade Unions; Korean Confederation of Trade Unions; Korean Veterans' Association; Lawyers for a Democratic Society; National Council of Churches; People's Solidarity for Participatory Democracy" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB, AfDB (nonregional member), APEC, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CICA, CP, EAS, EBRD, FAO, FATF, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE (partner), Paris Club (associate), PCA, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNMOGIP, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador AHN Ho-young", - "chancery": "2450 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 939-5600", - "fax": "[1] (202) 797-0595", - "consulates_general": "Anchorage (AK)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Sung Y. KIM", - "embassy": "188 Sejong-daero, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-710", - "mailing_address": "US Embassy Seoul, Unit 15550, APO AP 96205-5550", - "telephone": "[82] (2) 397-4200", - "fax": "[82] (2) 725-0152" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "white with a red (top) and blue yin-yang symbol in the center; there is a different black trigram from the ancient I Ching (Book of Changes) in each corner of the white field; the Korean national flag is called Taegukki; white is a traditional Korean color and represents peace and purity; the blue section represents the negative cosmic forces of the yin, while the red symbolizes the opposite positive forces of the yang; each trigram (kwae) denotes one of the four universal elements, which together express the principle of movement and harmony" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "taegeuk (yin yang symbol)" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Aegukga\" (Patriotic Song)", - "lyrics_music": "YUN Ch'i-Ho or AN Ch'ang-Ho/AHN Eaktay", - "note": "adopted 1948, well known by 1910; both North Korea and South Korea's anthems share the same name and have a vaguely similar melody but have different lyrics" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "South Korea over the past four decades has demonstrated incredible growth and global integration to become a high-tech industrialized economy. In the 1960s, GDP per capita was comparable with levels in the poorer countries of Africa and Asia. In 2004, South Korea joined the trillion dollar club of world economies, and is currently the world's 12th largest economy. Initially, a system of close government and business ties, including directed credit and import restrictions, made this success possible. The government promoted the import of raw materials and technology at the expense of consumer goods, and encouraged savings and investment over consumption. The Asian financial crisis of 1997-98 exposed longstanding weaknesses in South Korea's development model including high debt/equity ratios and massive short-term foreign borrowing. GDP plunged by 6.9% in 1998, and then recovered by 9% in 1999-2000. Korea adopted numerous economic reforms following the crisis, including greater openness to foreign investment and imports. Growth moderated to about 4% annually between 2003 and 2007. Korea''s export focused economy was hit hard by the 2008 global economic downturn, but quickly rebounded in subsequent years, reaching 6.3% growth in 2010. The US-South Korea Free Trade Agreement was ratified by both governments in 2011 and went into effect in March 2012. Throughout 2012 the economy experienced sluggish growth because of market slowdowns in the United States, China, and the Eurozone. The incoming administration in 2013, following the December 2012 presidential election, is likely to face the challenges of balancing heavy reliance on exports with developing domestic-oriented sectors, such as services. The South Korean economy''s long term challenges include a rapidly aging population, inflexible labor market, and heavy reliance on exports - which comprise half of GDP." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$1.64 trillion (2012 est.); $1.608 trillion (2011 est.); $1.552 trillion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$1.156 trillion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "2% (2012 est.); 3.6% (2011 est.); 6.3% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$32,800 (2012 est.); $32,300 (2011 est.); $31,400 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "31.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 31.9% of GDP (2011 est.); 32.4% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "53.5%", - "government_consumption": "15.8%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "26.7%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.8%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "56.5%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-53.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "2.7%", - "industry": "39.8%", - "services": "57.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "rice, root crops, barley, vegetables, fruit; cattle, pigs, chickens, milk, eggs; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "electronics, telecommunications, automobile production, chemicals, shipbuilding, steel" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "25.5 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "6.2%", - "industry": "23.8%", - "services": "70% (2012 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "3.2% (2012 est.); 3.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "16.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "6.4%", - "highest_10%": "37.7% (2011)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "41.9 (2011); 35.8 (2000)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$276.5 billion", - "expenditures": "$260.1 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "23.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "1.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "36.7% of GDP (2012 est.); 36.2% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.2% (2012 est.); 4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "1.5% (31 December 2011); 1.25% (31 December 2009)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "5.39% (31 December 2012 est.); 5.77% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$392 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $369.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$1.596 trillion (31 December 2012); $1.484 trillion (31 December 2011)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$1.219 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.098 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$1.024 trillion (31 December 2012); $994.3 billion (31 December 2011); $1.089 trillion (31 December 2010)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$3.14 billion (2012 est.); $26.51 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$552.6 billion (2012 est.); $551.8 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "semiconductors, wireless telecommunications equipment, motor vehicles, computers, steel, ships, petrochemicals" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "China 24.4%, US 10.1%, Japan 7.1% (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$514.2 billion (2012 est.); $520.1 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery, electronics and electronic equipment, oil, steel, transport equipment, organic chemicals, plastics" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 16.5%, Japan 13%, US 8.5%, Saudi Arabia 7.1%, Australia 5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$327 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $306.4 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$413.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $398.7 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$138.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $133.7 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$327.5 billion (31 December 2012); $190.4 billion (31 December 2011)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "South Korean won (KRW) per US dollar -; 1,126.47 (2012 est.); 1,108.29 (2011 est.); 1,156.1 (2010 est.); 1,276.93 (2009); 1,101.7 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "459.5 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "455.1 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2011)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2011)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "80.59 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "69.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "22% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "1.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "19,990 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "2.59 million bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "NA bbl" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "2.83 million bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "2.26 million bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "907,100 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "753,900 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "539.3 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "45.9 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "46.83 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "5.748 billion cu m (1 January 2013 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "579 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "29.468 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "52.507 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "excellent domestic and international services featuring rapid incorporation of new technologies", - "domestic": "fixed-line and mobile-cellular services widely available with a combined telephone subscribership of roughly 170 per 100 persons; rapid assimilation of a full range of telecommunications technologies leading to a boom in e-commerce", - "international": "country code - 82; numerous submarine cables provide links throughout Asia, Australia, the Middle East, Europe, and US; satellite earth stations - 66 (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "multiple national TV networks with 2 of the 3 largest networks publicly operated; the largest privately owned network, Seoul Broadcasting Service (SBS), has ties with other commercial TV networks; cable and satellite TV subscription services available; publicly operated radio broadcast networks and many privately owned radio broadcasting networks, each with multiple affiliates, and independent local stations (2010)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".kr" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "315,697 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "39.4 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "111 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "71", - "over_3_047_m": "4", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "19", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "12", - "914_to_1_523_m": "13", - "under_914_m": "23 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "40", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2", - "under_914_m": "38 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "466 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 2,216 km; oil 16 km; refined products 889 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "3,381 km", - "standard_gauge": "3,381 km 1.435-m gauge (1,843 km electrified) (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "103,029 km", - "paved": "80,642 km (includes 3,367 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "22,387 km (2008)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "1,600 km (most navigable only by small craft) (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "786", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 191, cargo 235, carrier 8, chemical tanker 130, container 72, liquefied gas 44, passenger 5, passenger/cargo 15, petroleum tanker 55, refrigerated cargo 15, roll on/roll off 10, vehicle carrier 6", - "foreign_owned": "31 (China 6, France 2, Japan 14, Taiwan 1, US 8)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "457 (Bahamas 1, Cambodia 10, Ghana 1, Honduras 6, Hong Kong 3, Indonesia 2, Kiribati 1, Liberia 2, Malta 2, Marshall Islands 41, North Korea 1, Panama 373, Philippines 1, Russia 1, Singapore 3, Tuvalu 1, unknown 8) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_ports": "Incheon, Pohang, Busan, Ulsan, Yeosu", - "container_ports": "Busan (16,163,842), Kwangyang (2,061,958), Incheon (1,924,644)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Republic of Korea Army, Navy (includes Marine Corps), Air Force (2011)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "20-30 years of age for compulsory military service, with middle school education required; conscript service obligation - 21 months (Army, Marines), 23 months (Navy), 24 months (Air Force); 18-26 years of age for voluntary military service; women, in service since 1950, admitted to 7 service branches, including infantry, but excluded from artillery, armor, anti-air, and chaplaincy corps; HIV-positive individuals are exempt from military service (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "13,185,794", - "females_age_16_49": "12,423,496 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "10,864,566", - "females_age_16_49": "10,168,709 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "365,760", - "female": "321,225 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "2.7% of GDP (2006)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Military Demarcation Line within the 4-km-wide Demilitarized Zone has separated North from South Korea since 1953; periodic incidents with North Korea in the Yellow Sea over the Northern Limit Line, which South Korea claims as a maritime boundary; South Korea and Japan claim Liancourt Rocks (Tok-do/Take-shima), occupied by South Korea since 1954" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "stateless_persons": "179 (2012)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/asia/kz-kazakhstan.json b/asia/kz-kazakhstan.json deleted file mode 100644 index f51eb65e..00000000 --- a/asia/kz-kazakhstan.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,625 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Ethnic Kazakhs, a mix of Turkic and Mongol nomadic tribes who migrated into the region in the 13th century, were rarely united as a single nation. The area was conquered by Russia in the 18th century, and Kazakhstan became a Soviet Republic in 1936. During the 1950s and 1960s agricultural \"Virgin Lands\" program, Soviet citizens were encouraged to help cultivate Kazakhstan's northern pastures. This influx of immigrants (mostly Russians, but also some other deported nationalities) skewed the ethnic mixture and enabled non-ethnic Kazakhs to outnumber natives. Non-Muslim ethnic minorities departed Kazakhstan in large numbers from the mid-1990s through the mid-2000s and a national program has repatriated about a million ethnic Kazakhs thus far back to Kazakhstan. These trends have allowed Kazakhs to become the titular majority again. This dramatic demographic shift has also undermined the previous religious diversity and made the country more than 70 percent Muslim. Kazakhstan's economy is larger than those of all the other Central Asian states largely due to the country's vast natural resources. Current issues include: developing a cohesive national identity; managing Islamic revivalism; expanding the development of the country's vast energy resources and exporting them to world markets; diversifying the economy outside the oil, gas, and mining sectors; enhancing Kazakhstan's economic competitiveness; developing a multiparty parliament and advancing political and social reform; and strengthening relations with neighboring states and other foreign powers." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Central Asia, northwest of China; a small portion west of the Ural (Zhayyq) River in eastern-most Europe" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "48 00 N, 68 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Asia" - }, - "area": { - "total": "2,724,900 sq km", - "land": "2,699,700 sq km", - "water": "25,200 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly less than four times the size of Texas" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "12,185 km", - "border_countries": "China 1,533 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,224 km, Russia 6,846 km, Turkmenistan 379 km, Uzbekistan 2,203 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked); note - Kazakhstan borders the Aral Sea, now split into two bodies of water (1,070 km), and the Caspian Sea (1,894 km)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "continental, cold winters and hot summers, arid and semiarid" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "vast flat steppe extending from the Volga in the west to the Altai Mountains in the east and from the plains of western Siberia in the north to oases and deserts of Central Asia in the south" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Vpadina Kaundy -132 m", - "highest_point": "Khan Tangiri Shyngy (Pik Khan-Tengri) 6,995 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "major deposits of petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, manganese, chrome ore, nickel, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, lead, zinc, bauxite, gold, uranium" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "8.82%", - "permanent_crops": "0.03%", - "other": "91.15% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "20,660 sq km (2010)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "107.5 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "21.14 cu km/yr (4%/30%/66%)", - "per_capita": "1,304 cu m/yr (2010)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "earthquakes in the south; mudslides around Almaty" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "radioactive or toxic chemical sites associated with former defense industries and test ranges scattered throughout the country pose health risks for humans and animals; industrial pollution is severe in some cities; because the two main rivers that flowed into the Aral Sea have been diverted for irrigation, it is drying up and leaving behind a harmful layer of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then picked up by the wind and blown into noxious dust storms; pollution in the Caspian Sea; soil pollution from overuse of agricultural chemicals and salination from poor infrastructure and wasteful irrigation practices" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; Russia leases approximately 6,000 sq km of territory enclosing the Baykonur Cosmodrome; in January 2004, Kazakhstan and Russia extended the lease to 2050" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Kazakhstani(s)", - "adjective": "Kazakhstani" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Kazakh (Qazaq) 63.1%, Russian 23.7%, Uzbek 2.8%, Ukrainian 2.1%, Uighur 1.4%, Tatar 1.3%, German 1.1%, other 4.5% (2009 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Kazakh (Qazaq, state language) 64.4%, Russian (official, used in everyday business, designated the \"language of interethnic communication\") 95% (2001 est.)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim 70.2%, Christian 26.2% (Russian Orthodox 23.9%, other Christian 2.3%), Buddhist 0.1%, other 0.2%, atheist 2.8%, unspecified 0.5% (2009 Census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "17,736,896 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "24.7% (male 2,199,491/female 2,189,036)", - "15_24_years": "16.9% (male 1,525,851/female 1,475,988)", - "25_54_years": "42.6% (male 3,666,941/female 3,881,320)", - "55_64_years": "8.9% (male 691,253/female 894,562)", - "65_years_and_over": "6.8% (male 415,903/female 796,551) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "48 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "38.1 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "9.9 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "10.1 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "29.5 years", - "male": "28.1 years", - "female": "30.9 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.2% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "20.03 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "8.43 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "53.6% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.87% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "Almaty 1.383 million; ASTANA (capital) 650,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "0.94 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.94 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.77 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.52 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.92 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "27.6 (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "51 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "22.32 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "25.07 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "19.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "69.94 years", - "male": "64.66 years", - "female": "74.88 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.38 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "51% (2011)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "4.3% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "3.88 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "7.6 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 90% of population; total: 95% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 10% of population; total: 5% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 97% of population; rural: 98% of population; total: 97% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 3% of population; rural: 2% of population; total: 3% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "13,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 500 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "23.7% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "4.9% (2006)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "3.1% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99.7%", - "male": "99.8%", - "female": "99.7% (2009 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "15 years", - "male": "15 years", - "female": "16 years (2012)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "59,254", - "percentage": "2 % (2006 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "4.6%", - "male": "4.2%", - "female": "5% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Kazakhstan", - "conventional_short_form": "Kazakhstan", - "local_long_form": "Qazaqstan Respublikasy", - "local_short_form": "Qazaqstan", - "former": "Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little power outside the executive branch" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Astana", - "geographic_coordinates": "51 10 N, 71 25 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "note": "Kazakhstan is divided into two time zones" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "14 provinces (oblystar, singular - oblys) and 3 cities* (qalalar, singular - qala); Almaty Oblysy, Almaty Qalasy*, Aqmola Oblysy (Astana), Aqtobe Oblysy, Astana Qalasy*, Atyrau Oblysy, Batys Qazaqstan Oblysy [West Kazakhstan] (Oral), Bayqongyr Qalasy [Baykonur]*, Mangghystau Oblysy (Aqtau), Ongtustik Qazaqstan Oblysy [South Kazakhstan] (Shymkent), Pavlodar Oblysy, Qaraghandy Oblysy, Qostanay Oblysy, Qyzylorda Oblysy, Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy [East Kazakhstan] (Oskemen), Soltustik Qazaqstan Oblysy [North Kazakhstan] (Petropavlovsk), Zhambyl Oblysy (Taraz)", - "note": "administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses); in 1995, the Governments of Kazakhstan and Russia entered into an agreement whereby Russia would lease for a period of 20 years an area of 6,000 sq km enclosing the Baykonur space launch facilities and the city of Bayqongyr (Baykonur, formerly Leninsk); in 2004, a new agreement extended the lease to 2050" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "16 December 1991 (from the Soviet Union)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 16 December (1991)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "first post-independence constitution adopted 28 January 1993; new constitution adopted by national referendum 30 August 1995, amended May 2007 and February 2011" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system influenced by Roman-Germanic law and by the theory and practice of the Russian Federation" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Nursultan Abishuly NAZARBAYEV (chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 22 February 1990, elected president 1 December 1991)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Serik AKHMETOV (since 24 September 2012); First Deputy Prime Minister Bakytzhan SAGINTAYEV (since 16 January 2013); Deputy Prime Ministers Yerbol ORYNBAYEV (since 29 October 2007), Kairat KELIMBETOV (since 20 January 2011), Aset ISEKESHEV (since 25 September 2012)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held on 3 April 2011 (next to be held in 2016); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president, with Mazhilis approval; note - constitutional amendments of May 2007 shortened the presidential term from seven years to five years and established a two-consecutive-term limit; NAZARBAYEV has official status as the \"First President of Kazakhstan\" and is allowed an unlimited amount of terms", - "note": "constitutional amendments of February 2011 moved election date from 2012 to April 2011 but kept five-year term; subsequent election to take place in 2016", - "election_results": "Nursultan Abishuly NAZARBAYEV reelected president; percent of vote - Nursultan Abishuly NAZARBAYEV 95.5%, other 4.5%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (47 seats; 15 members are appointed by the president; 32 members elected by local assemblies; members serve six-year terms, but elections are staggered with half of the members up for re-election every three years) and the Mazhilis (107 seats; 9 out of the 107 Mazhilis members elected by the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan, a presidentially appointed advisory body designed to represent the country's ethnic minorities; non-appointed members are popularly elected to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "Senate - (indirect) last held in August 2011 (next to be held in 2014); Mazhilis - last held on 15 January 2012 (next to be held in 2017)", - "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Nur Otan 16; Mazhilis - percent of vote by party - Nur-Otan 81%, Ak Zhol 7.5%, Communist People's Party 7.2%, other 4.3%; seats by party - Nur-Otan 83, Ak Zhol 8, Communist People's Party 7" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of the Republic (consists of 44 members); Constitutional Council (consists of 7 members)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges proposed by the president of ther epublic on recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council, and confirmed by the Senate; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Council - the president of the republic, the Senate chairperson, the Majilis chairperson each appoints one member for a 3-year term and each appoints one member for a 6-year term; chairperson of the Constitutional Council appointed by the president of the republic for a 6-year term", - "subordinate_courts": "regional and local courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Adilet (Justice) [Maksut NARIKBAYEV, Tolegen SYDYKHOV, Bakhytbek AKHMETZHAN, Yerkin ONGARBAYEV] (formerly Democratic Party of Kazakhstan); Ak Zhol Party (Bright Path) [Azat PERUASHEV]; Alga [Vladimir KOZLOV] (unregistered and banned as extremist in November 2012); Auyl (Village) [Gani KALIYEV]; Azat (Freedom) Party [Bolat ABILOV] (formerly True Ak Zhol Party); Azat NSDP [co-chaired by Bolat ABILOV and Zharmakhan TUYAKBAY]; Azat and NSDP united in 2009, but the authorities have refused to register Azat NSDP as a single party; Communist Party of Kazakhstan or KPK [Serikbolsyn ABDILDIN] (suspended by court decision); Communist People's Party of Kazakhstan [Vladislav KOSAREV]; National Social Democratic Party or NSDP [Zharmakhan TUYAKBAY]; Nur Otan (Fatherland's Ray of Light) [Nursultan NAZARBAYEV, Nurlan NIGMATULIN] (the Agrarian, Asar, and Civic parties merged with Otan); Patriots' Party [Gani KASYMOV]; Rukhaniyat (Spirituality) [Altynshash ZHAGANOVA]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Adil-Soz [Tamara KALEYEVA]; Almaty Helsinki Committee [Ninel FOKINA]; Confederation of Free Trade Unions [Sergei BELKIN]; For Fair Elections [Yevgeniy ZHOVTIS, Sabit ZHUSUPOV, Sergey DUVANOV, Ibrash NUSUPBAYEV]; Kazakhstan International Bureau on Human Rights [Yevgeniy ZHOVTIS, Chairman of Bureau's Council, Roza AKYLBEKOVA, director]; Khalyk Maidany (Peoples' Front) - an informal union between the unregistered Alga Party, the unregistered Communist Party of Kazakhstan, and several opposition-oriented civil society groups, banned in November 2012 [no formal leader]; Pan-National Social Democratic Party of Kazakhstan [Zharmakhan TUYAKBAY]; Pensioners Movement or Pokoleniye [Irina SAVOSTINA, chairwoman]; Republican Network of International Monitors [Daniyar LIVAZOV]; Transparency International [Sergey ZLOTNIKOV]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (candidate country), FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer), ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Kayrat UMAROV", - "chancery": "1401 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20036", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 232-5488", - "fax": "[1] (202) 232-5845", - "consulates_general": "New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Kenneth FAIRFAX", - "embassy": "Rakhymzhan Koshkarbayev Ave. No 3, Astana 010010", - "mailing_address": "use embassy street address", - "telephone": "[7] (7172) 70-21-00", - "fax": "[7] (7172) 54-09-14" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "a gold sun with 32 rays above a soaring golden steppe eagle, both centered on a sky blue background; the hoist side displays a national ornamental pattern \"koshkar-muiz\" (the horns of the ram) in gold; the blue color is of religious significance to the Turkic peoples of the country, and so symbolizes cultural and ethnic unity; it also represents the endless sky as well as water; the sun, a source of life and energy, exemplifies wealth and plenitude; the sun's rays are shaped like grain, which is the basis of abundance and prosperity; the eagle has appeared on the flags of Kazakh tribes for centuries and represents freedom, power, and the flight to the future" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "golden eagle" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Menin Qazaqstanim\" (My Kazakhstan)", - "lyrics_music": "Zhumeken NAZHIMEDENOV and Nursultan NAZARBAYEV/Shamshi KALDAYAKOV", - "note": "adopted 2006; President Nursultan NAZARBAYEV played a role in revising the lyrics" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Kazakhstan, geographically the largest of the former Soviet republics, excluding Russia, possesses enormous fossil fuel reserves and plentiful supplies of other minerals and metals, such as uranium, copper, and zinc. It also has a large agricultural sector featuring livestock and grain. In 2002 Kazakhstan became the first country in the former Soviet Union to receive an investment-grade credit rating. Extractive industries have been and will continue to be the engine of Kazakhstan's growth, although the country is aggressively pursuing diversification strategies. Landlocked, with restricted access to the high seas, Kazakhstan relies on its neighbors to export its products, especially oil and grain. Although its Caspian Sea ports, pipelines, and rail lines carrying oil have been upgraded, civil aviation and roadways continue to need attention. Telecoms are improving, but require considerable investment, as does the information technology base. Supply and distribution of electricity can be erratic because of regional dependencies, but the country is moving forward with plans to improve reliability of electricity and gas supply to its population. At the end of 2007, global financial markets froze up and the loss of capital inflows to Kazakhstani banks caused a credit crunch. The subsequent and sharp fall of oil and commodity prices in 2008 aggravated the economic situation, and Kazakhstan plunged into recession. While the global financial crisis took a significant toll on Kazakhstan's economy, it has rebounded well, helped by prudent government measures. GDP increased 7.5% year-on-year in 2011, and 5.0% in 2012. Rising commodity prices have helped the recovery. Despite solid macroeconomic indicators, the government realizes that its economy suffers from an overreliance on oil and extractive industries, the so-called \"Dutch disease.\" In response, Kazakhstan has embarked on an ambitious diversification program, aimed at developing targeted sectors like transport, pharmaceuticals, telecommunications, petrochemicals and food processing. In 2010 Kazakhstan joined the Belarus-Kazakhstan-Russia Customs Union in an effort to boost foreign investment and improve trade relationships and is planning to accede to the World Trade Organization in 2013." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$235.6 billion (2012 est.); $224.3 billion (2011 est.); $208.6 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$196.4 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "5% (2012 est.); 7.5% (2011 est.); 7.3% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$14,100 (2012 est.); $13,700 (2011 est.); $13,000 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "28.3% of GDP (2012 est.); 30.5% of GDP (2011 est.); 28% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "45.5%", - "government_consumption": "11.6%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "21.1%", - "investment_in_inventories": "2.5%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "48.4%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-30% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "5.2%", - "industry": "37.9%", - "services": "56.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "grain (mostly spring wheat and barley), potatoes, vegetables, melons; livestock" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur, uranium, iron and steel; tractors and other agricultural machinery, electric motors, construction materials" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "8.54 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "25.8%", - "industry": "11.9%", - "services": "62.3% (2012)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "5.3% (2012 est.); 5.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "5.3% (2011 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.9%", - "highest_10%": "23.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "28.9 (2011); 31.5 (2003)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$39.19 billion", - "expenditures": "$44.96 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "20% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-2.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "13.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 12.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "5.1% (2012 est.); 8.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "5.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 7.5% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "6.6% (31 December 2012 est.); 6.71% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$25.82 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $25.97 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$70.36 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $65.71 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$83.08 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $75.05 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$35.6 billion (31 December 2012); $43.3 billion (31 December 2011); $60.74 billion (31 December 2010)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$12.69 billion (2012 est.); $13.6 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$93.07 billion (2012 est.); $88.47 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "oil and oil products, natural gas, ferrous metals, chemicals, machinery, grain, wool, meat, coal" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "China 21%, Russia 9.9%, France 9.3%, Germany 6.9%, Italy 5%, Canada 4.8%, Ukraine 4.7%, Romania 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$47.89 billion (2012 est.); $41.16 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, metal products, foodstuffs" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Russia 31.6%, China 26.6%, Germany 6%, Ukraine 4.4% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$28.28 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $29.33 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$137.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $125.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$108.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $94.79 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$22.84 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $20.84 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "tenge (KZT) per US dollar -; 149.11 (2012 est.); 146.62 (2011 est.); 147.36 (2010 est.); 147.5 (2009); 120.25 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "90.53 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "88.11 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "1.8 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "3.7 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "18.73 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "88.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "11.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "1.635 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "1.078 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "122,600 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "30 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "301,500 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "244,200 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "92,880 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "94,430 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "20.2 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "10.2 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "8.1 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "3.7 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "2.407 trillion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "184.5 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "4.266 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "25.24 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "inherited an outdated telecommunications network from the Soviet era requiring modernization", - "domestic": "intercity by landline and microwave radio relay; number of fixed-line connections is gradually increasing and fixed-line teledensity now roughly 25 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage has increased rapidly and the subscriber base now exceeds 140 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 7; international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (2008)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state owns nearly all radio and TV transmission facilities and operates national TV and radio networks; nearly all nationwide TV networks are wholly or partly owned by the government; some former state-owned media outlets have been privatized; households with satellite dishes have access to foreign media; a small number of commercial radio stations operate along with state-run radio stations; recent legislation requires all media outlets to register with the government and all TV providers to broadcast in digital format by 2015 (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".kz" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "67,464 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "5.299 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "96 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "63", - "over_3_047_m": "10", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "25", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "15", - "914_to_1_523_m": "5", - "under_914_m": "8 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "33", - "over_3_047_m": "5", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "7", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", - "914_to_1_523_m": "5", - "under_914_m": "13 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "3 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "condensate 658 km; gas 12,432 km; oil 11,313 km; refined products 1,095 km; water 1,465 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "15,079 km", - "broad_gauge": "15,079 km 1.520-m gauge (4,000 km electrified) (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "93,612 km", - "paved": "84,100 km", - "unpaved": "9,512 km (2008)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "4,000 km (on the Ertis (Irtysh) River (80%) and Syr Darya (Syrdariya) River) (2010)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "11", - "by_type": "cargo 1, petroleum tanker 8, refrigerated cargo 1, specialized tanker 1", - "foreign_owned": "3 (Austria 1, Ireland 1, Turkey 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Aqtau (Shevchenko), Atyrau (Gur'yev), Oskemen (Ust-Kamenogorsk), Pavlodar, Semey (Semipalatinsk)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Kazakhstan Armed Forces: Ground Forces, Navy, Air Mobile Forces, Air Defense Forces (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation is 2 years; 19 is the legal minimum age for voluntary service; military cadets in intermediate (ages 15-17) and higher (ages 17-21) education institutes are classified as military service personnel (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "4,163,629", - "females_age_16_49": "4,179,051 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,909,999", - "females_age_16_49": "3,528,169 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "125,322", - "female": "119,541 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.1% of GDP (2010)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Kyrgyzstan has yet to ratify the 2001 boundary delimitation with Kazakhstan; field demarcation of the boundaries commenced with Uzbekistan in 2004 and with Turkmenistan in 2005; ongoing demarcation with Russia began in 2007; demarcation with China was completed in 2002; creation of a seabed boundary with Turkmenistan in the Caspian Sea remains under discussion; Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia ratified Caspian seabed delimitation treaties based on equidistance, while Iran continues to insist on a one-fifth slice of the sea" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "stateless_persons": "6,935 (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "significant illicit cultivation of cannabis for CIS markets, as well as limited cultivation of opium poppy and ephedra (for the drug ephedrine); limited government eradication of illicit crops; transit point for Southwest Asian narcotics bound for Russia and the rest of Europe; significant consumer of opiates" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/asia/la-laos.json b/asia/la-laos.json deleted file mode 100644 index 3b45f736..00000000 --- a/asia/la-laos.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,589 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Modern-day Laos has its roots in the ancient Lao kingdom of Lan Xang, established in the 14th century under King FA NGUM. For 300 years Lan Xang had influence reaching into present-day Cambodia and Thailand, as well as over all of what is now Laos. After centuries of gradual decline, Laos came under the domination of Siam (Thailand) from the late 18th century until the late 19th century when it became part of French Indochina. The Franco-Siamese Treaty of 1907 defined the current Lao border with Thailand. In 1975, the communist Pathet Lao took control of the government ending a six-century-old monarchy and instituting a strict socialist regime closely aligned to Vietnam. A gradual, limited return to private enterprise and the liberalization of foreign investment laws began in 1988. Laos became a member of ASEAN in 1997 and the WTO in 2013." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southeastern Asia, northeast of Thailand, west of Vietnam" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "18 00 N, 105 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Southeast Asia" - }, - "area": { - "total": "236,800 sq km", - "land": "230,800 sq km", - "water": "6,000 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than Utah" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "5,083 km", - "border_countries": "Burma 235 km, Cambodia 541 km, China 423 km, Thailand 1,754 km, Vietnam 2,130 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical monsoon; rainy season (May to November); dry season (December to April)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly rugged mountains; some plains and plateaus" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Mekong River 70 m", - "highest_point": "Phu Bia 2,817 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "timber, hydropower, gypsum, tin, gold, gemstones" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "5.91%", - "permanent_crops": "0.42%", - "other": "93.67% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "3,100 sq km (2005)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "333.5 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "3.49 cu km/yr (4%/5%/91%)", - "per_capita": "588.9 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "floods, droughts" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "unexploded ordnance; deforestation; soil erosion; most of the population does not have access to potable water" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; most of the country is mountainous and thickly forested; the Mekong River forms a large part of the western boundary with Thailand" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Lao(s) or Laotian(s)", - "adjective": "Lao or Laotian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Lao 55%, Khmou 11%, Hmong 8%, other (over 100 minor ethnic groups) 26% (2005 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Lao (official), French, English, various ethnic languages" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Buddhist 67%, Christian 1.5%, other and unspecified 31.5% (2005 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "6,695,166 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "35.5% (male 1,198,288/female 1,178,180)", - "15_24_years": "21.3% (male 706,679/female 716,368)", - "25_54_years": "34.6% (male 1,143,265/female 1,174,102)", - "55_64_years": "4.9% (male 160,650/female 166,605)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.7% (male 113,301/female 137,728) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "63.8 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "57.6 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.2 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "16.1 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "21.6 years", - "male": "21.4 years", - "female": "21.9 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.63% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "25.23 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "7.86 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-1.12 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "34.3% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "4.41% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "VIENTIANE (capital) 799,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.96 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.82 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "470 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "56.13 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "61.91 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "50.11 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "63.14 years", - "male": "61.2 years", - "female": "65.17 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.98 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "38.4% (2005)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "4.5% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.27 physicians/1,000 population (2005)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.7 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 77% of population; rural: 62% of population; total: 67% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 23% of population; rural: 38% of population; total: 33% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 89% of population; rural: 50% of population; total: 63% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 11% of population; rural: 50% of population; total: 37% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.2% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "8,500 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 200 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever and malaria", - "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "2.6% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "31.6% (2006)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "3.3% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "72.7%", - "male": "82.5%", - "female": "63.2% (2005 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "10 years", - "male": "11 years", - "female": "10 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "175,138", - "percentage": "11 % (2006 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Lao People's Democratic Republic", - "conventional_short_form": "Laos", - "local_long_form": "Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao", - "local_short_form": "Pathet Lao (unofficial)" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "Communist state" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Vientiane (Viangchan)", - "geographic_coordinates": "17 58 N, 102 36 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "16 provinces (khoueng, singular and plural) and 1 capital city* (nakhon luang, singular and plural); Attapu, Bokeo, Bolikhamxai, Champasak, Houaphan, Khammouan, Louangnamtha, Louangphabang, Oudomxai, Phongsali, Salavan, Savannakhet, Viangchan (Vientiane)*, Viangchan, Xaignabouli, Xekong, Xiangkhouang" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "19 July 1949 (from France)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Republic Day, 2 December (1975)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "promulgated 14 August 1991; amended in 2003" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system similar in form to the French system" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Lt. Gen. CHOUMMALI Saignason (since 8 June 2006); Vice President BOUN-GNANG Volachit (since 8 June 2006)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister THONGSING Thammavong (since 24 December 2010); First Deputy Prime Minister Maj. Gen. ASANG Laoli (since May 2002), Deputy Prime Ministers Maj. Gen. DOUANGCHAI Phichit (since 8 June 2006), SOMSAVAT Lengsavat (since 26 February 1998), and THONGLOUN Sisoulit (since 27 March 2001)", - "cabinet": "Ministers appointed by president, approved by National Assembly", - "elections": "president and vice president elected by National Assembly for five-year terms; election last held on 30 April 2011 (next to be held in 2016); prime minister nominated by the president and elected by the National Assembly for five-year term", - "election_results": "CHOUMMALI Saignason elected president; BOUN-GNANG Volachit elected vice president; percent of National Assembly vote - NA; THONGSING Thammavong elected prime minister; percent of National Assembly vote - NA" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly (132 seats; members elected by popular vote from a list of candidates selected by the Lao People's Revolutionary Party to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 30 April 2011 (next to be held in 2016)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LPRP 128, independents 4" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "People's Supreme Court (consists of NA judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "president of People's Supreme Court elected by National Assembly on recommendation of National Assembly Standing Committee; vice president of People's Supreme Court and judges appointed by National Assembly Standing Committee; term of office NA", - "subordinate_courts": "provincial, municipal, district, and military courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Lao People's Revolutionary Party or LPRP [CHOUMMALI Saignason]; other parties proscribed" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB, ARF, ASEAN, CP, EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador SENG Soukhathivong", - "chancery": "2222 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 332-6416", - "fax": "[1] (202) 332-4923" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Karen B. STEWART", - "embassy": "19 Rue Bartholonie, That Dam, Vientiane", - "mailing_address": "American Embassy Vientiane, APO AP 96546", - "telephone": "[856] 21-26-7000", - "fax": "[856] 21-26-7190" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three horizontal bands of red (top), blue (double width), and red with a large white disk centered in the blue band; the red bands recall the blood shed for liberation; the blue band represents the Mekong River and prosperity; the white disk symbolizes the full moon against the Mekong River, but also signifies the unity of the people under the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, as well as the country's bright future" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "elephant" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Pheng Xat Lao\" (Hymn of the Lao People)", - "lyrics_music": "SISANA Sisane/THONGDY Sounthonevichit", - "note": "music adopted 1945, lyrics adopted 1975; the anthem's lyrics were changed following the 1975 Communist revolution that overthrew the monarchy" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "The government of Laos, one of the few remaining one-party communist states, began decentralizing control and encouraging private enterprise in 1986. The results, starting from an extremely low base, were striking - growth averaged 6% per year from 1988-2008 except during the short-lived drop caused by the Asian financial crisis that began in 1997. Laos' growth exceeded 7% per year during 2008-12. Despite this high growth rate, Laos remains a country with an underdeveloped infrastructure, particularly in rural areas. It has a basic, but improving, road system, and limited external and internal land-line telecommunications. Electricity is available 75% of the country. Laos' economy is heavily dependent on capital-intensive natural resource exports. The labor force, however, still relies on agriculture, dominated by rice cultivation in lowland areas, which accounts for about 30% of GDP and 75% of total employment. Economic growth has reduced official poverty rates from 46% in 1992 to 26% in 2010. The economy also has benefited from high-profile foreign direct investment in hydropower, copper and gold mining, logging, and construction though some projects in these industries have drawn criticism for their environmental impacts. Laos gained Normal Trade Relations status with the US in 2004. On the fiscal side, Laos initiated a VAT tax system in 2010. Simplified investment procedures and expanded bank credits for small farmers and small entrepreneurs will improve Laos'' economic prospects. The government appears committed to raising the country''s profile among investors, opening the country''s first stock exchange in 2011 and participating in regional economic cooperation initiatives. Laos was admitted to the WTO in 2012. The World Bank has declared that Laos'' goal of graduating from the UN Development Program''s list of least-developed countries by 2020 is achievable." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$19.52 billion (2012 est.); $18.02 billion (2011 est.); $16.68 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$9.217 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "8.3% (2012 est.); 8% (2011 est.); 8.1% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$3,100 (2012 est.); $2,900 (2011 est.); $2,700 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "25.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 25% of GDP (2011 est.); 24.7% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "68%", - "government_consumption": "9.8%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "29.2%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "39.1%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-46.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "26%", - "industry": "34%", - "services": "40% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "sweet potatoes, vegetables, corn, coffee, sugarcane, tobacco, cotton, tea, peanuts, rice; cassava (manioc), water buffalo, pigs, cattle, poultry" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "mining (copper, tin, gold, and gypsum); timber, electric power, agricultural processing, rubber, construction, garments, cement, tourism" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "14% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "3.69 million (2010 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "75.1%", - "industry_and_services": "NA (2010 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "2.5% (2009 est.); 2.4% (2005 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "26% (2010 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.3%", - "highest_10%": "30.3% (2008)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "36.7 (2008); 34.6 (2002)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$2.028 billion", - "expenditures": "$2.211 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "22% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "48.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 49.1% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 October - 30 September" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "4.3% (2012 est.); 7.6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "4.3% (31 December 2010); 4% (31 December 2009)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "22.3% (31 December 2012 est.); 21.9% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$1.169 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $979.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$3.556 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.155 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$4.07 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.672 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$30.5 million (2012 est.); $90.2 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$1.984 billion (2012 est.); $1.854 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "wood products, coffee, electricity, tin, copper, gold, cassava" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Thailand 32.8%, China 20.7%, Vietnam 14% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$2.744 billion (2012 est.); $2.423 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, consumer goods" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Thailand 63.2%, China 16.5%, Vietnam 5.6% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$796.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $757.2 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$6.288 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.158 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "kips (LAK) per US dollar -; 8,013.3 (2012 est.); 8,030.1 (2011 est.); 8,258.8 (2010 est.); 8,516.04 (2009); 8,760.69 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "1.553 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "2.23 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "341 million kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "999 million kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "1.855 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "2.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "97.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "3,391 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2010 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "1,918 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "1.189 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "107,600 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "5.481 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "service to general public is improving; the government relies on a radiotelephone network to communicate with remote areas", - "domestic": "4 service providers with mobile cellular usage growing very rapidly", - "international": "country code - 856; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) and a second to be developed by China (2012)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "6 TV stations operating out of Vientiane - 3 government-operated and the others commercial; 17 provincial stations operating with nearly all programming relayed via satellite from the government-operated stations in Vientiane; Chinese and Vietnamese programming relayed via satellite from Lao National TV; broadcasts available from stations in Thailand and Vietnam in border areas; multi-channel satellite and cable TV systems provide access to a wide range of foreign stations; state-controlled radio with state-operated Lao National Radio (LNR) broadcasting on 5 frequencies - 1 AM, 1 SW, and 3 FM; LNR's AM and FM programs are relayed via satellite constituting a large part of the programming schedules of the provincial radio stations; Thai radio broadcasts available in border areas and transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are also accessible (2012)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".la" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "1,532 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "300,000 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "41 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "8", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "3", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "4", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "33", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2", - "914_to_1_523_m": "9", - "under_914_m": "22 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "refined products 540 km (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "39,568 km", - "paved": "530 km", - "unpaved": "39,038 km (2007)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "4,600 km (primarily on the Mekong River and its tributaries; 2,900 additional km are intermittently navigable by craft drawing less than 0.5 m) (2012)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Lao People's Armed Forces (LPAF): Lao People's Army (LPA; includes Riverine Force), Air Force (2011)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - minimum 18-months (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,574,362", - "females_age_16_49": "1,607,856 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,111,629", - "females_age_16_49": "1,190,035 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "71,400", - "female": "73,038 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.2% of GDP (2012)" - }, - "military_note": { - "text": "serving one of the world's least developed countries, the Lao People's Armed Forces (LPAF) is small, poorly funded, and ineffectively resourced; its mission focus is border and internal security, primarily in countering ethnic Hmong insurgent groups; together with the Lao People's Revolutionary Party and the government, the Lao People's Army (LPA) is the third pillar of state machinery, and as such is expected to suppress political and civil unrest and similar national emergencies, but the LPA also has upgraded skills to respond to avian influenza outbreaks; there is no perceived external threat to the state and the LPA maintains strong ties with the neighboring Vietnamese military (2008)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "southeast Asian states have enhanced border surveillance to check the spread of avian flu; talks continue on completion of demarcation with Thailand but disputes remain over islands in the Mekong River; concern among Mekong River Commission members that China's construction of dams on the Mekong River and its tributaries will affect water levels; Cambodia and Vietnam are concerned about Laos' extensive upstream dam construction" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "estimated opium poppy cultivation in 2008 was 1,900 hectares, about a 73% increase from 2007; estimated potential opium production in 2008 more than tripled to 17 metric tons; unsubstantiated reports of domestic methamphetamine production; growing domestic methamphetamine problem (2007)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/asia/lk-sri-lanka.json b/asia/lk-sri-lanka.json deleted file mode 100644 index bab3fc93..00000000 --- a/asia/lk-sri-lanka.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,623 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The first Sinhalese arrived in Sri Lanka late in the 6th century B.C., probably from northern India. Buddhism was introduced in about the mid-third century B.C., and a great civilization developed at the cities of Anuradhapura (kingdom from circa 200 B.C. to circa A.D. 1000) and Polonnaruwa (from about 1070 to 1200). In the 14th century, a south Indian dynasty established a Tamil kingdom in northern Sri Lanka. The coastal areas of the island were controlled by the Portuguese in the 16th century and by the Dutch in the 17th century. The island was ceded to the British in 1796, became a crown colony in 1802, and was formally united under British rule by 1815. As Ceylon, it became independent in 1948; its name was changed to Sri Lanka in 1972. Tensions between the Sinhalese majority and Tamil separatists erupted into war in 1983. After two decades of fighting, the government and Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) formalized a cease-fire in February 2002 with Norway brokering peace negotiations. Violence between the LTTE and government forces intensified in 2006, but the government regained control of the Eastern Province in 2007. By May 2009, the government announced that its military had defeated the remnants of the LTTE. Since the end of the conflict, the government has enacted an ambitious program of economic development projects, many of which are financed by loans from the Government of China. In addition to efforts to reconstruct its economy, the government has resettled more than 95% of those civilians who were displaced during the final phase of the conflict and released the vast majority of former LTTE combatants captured by Government Security Forces. At the same time, there has been little progress on more contentious and politically difficult issues such as reaching a political settlement with Tamil elected representatives and holding accountable those alleged to have been involved in human rights violations at the end of the war." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of India" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "7 00 N, 81 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Asia" - }, - "area": { - "total": "65,610 sq km", - "land": "64,630 sq km", - "water": "980 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than West Virginia" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "1,340 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical monsoon; northeast monsoon (December to March); southwest monsoon (June to October)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly low, flat to rolling plain; mountains in south-central interior" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Indian Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Pidurutalagala 2,524 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "limestone, graphite, mineral sands, gems, phosphates, clay, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "18.29%", - "permanent_crops": "14.94%", - "other": "66.77% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "5,700 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "52.8 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "12.95 cu km/yr (6%/6%/87%)", - "per_capita": "638.8 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "occasional cyclones and tornadoes" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation; soil erosion; wildlife populations threatened by poaching and urbanization; coastal degradation from mining activities and increased pollution; freshwater resources being polluted by industrial wastes and sewage runoff; waste disposal; air pollution in Colombo" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Marine Life Conservation" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location near major Indian Ocean sea lanes" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Sri Lankan(s)", - "adjective": "Sri Lankan" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Sinhalese 73.8%, Sri Lankan Moors 7.2%, Indian Tamil 4.6%, Sri Lankan Tamil 3.9%, other 0.5%, unspecified 10% (2001 census provisional data)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Sinhala (official and national language) 74%, Tamil (national language) 18%, other 8%", - "note": "English, spoken competently by about 10% of the population, is commonly used in government and is referred to as the link language in the constitution" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Buddhist (official) 69.1%, Muslim 7.6%, Hindu 7.1%, Christian 6.2%, unspecified 10% (2001 census provisional data)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "21,675,648 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "24.8% (male 2,741,879/female 2,632,613)", - "15_24_years": "15.1% (male 1,659,566/female 1,615,616)", - "25_54_years": "42.4% (male 4,484,738/female 4,697,355)", - "55_64_years": "9.3% (male 939,174/female 1,084,108)", - "65_years_and_over": "8.4% (male 778,629/female 1,041,970) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "50.7 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "37.9 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "12.8 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "7.8 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "31.4 years", - "male": "30.3 years", - "female": "32.5 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.89% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "16.64 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "6.01 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-1.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "15.1% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.36% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "COLOMBO (capital) 681,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.95 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.87 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.75 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.96 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "22.6", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2000 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "35 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "9.24 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "10.21 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "8.24 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "76.15 years", - "male": "72.64 years", - "female": "79.79 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.15 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "68% (2006/07)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "3% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.49 physicians/1,000 population (2006)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "3.1 beds/1,000 population (2004)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 90% of population; total: 91% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 10% of population; total: 9% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 88% of population; rural: 93% of population; total: 92% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 12% of population; rural: 7% of population; total: 8% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "less than 0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "2,800 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 200 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A", - "vectorborne_disease": "dengue fever", - "water_contact_disease": "leptospirosis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "5.1% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "21.6% (2009)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "2% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "91.2%", - "male": "92.6%", - "female": "90% (2010 census)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "14 years", - "male": "14 years", - "female": "14 years (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "19.4%", - "male": "16.3%", - "female": "24.7% (2010)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka", - "conventional_short_form": "Sri Lanka", - "local_long_form": "Shri Lanka Prajatantrika Samajavadi Janarajaya/Ilankai Jananayaka Choshalichak Kutiyarachu", - "local_short_form": "Shri Lanka/Ilankai", - "former": "Serendib, Ceylon" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Colombo", - "geographic_coordinates": "6 55 N, 79 50 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+5.5 (10.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "note": "Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte (legislative capital)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "9 provinces; Central, Eastern, North Central, Northern, North Western, Sabaragamuwa, Southern, Uva, Western" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "4 February 1948 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 4 February (1948)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "adopted 16 August 1978, certified 31 August 1978; amended many times, most recently in 2010" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of Roman-Dutch civil law, English common law, and Jaffna Tamil customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Mahinda Percy RAJAPAKSA (since 19 November 2005); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; Dissanayake Mudiyanselage JAYARATNE holds the largely ceremonial title of prime minister (since 21 April 2010)", - "head_of_government": "President Mahinda Percy RAJAPAKSA (since 19 November 2005)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president in consultation with the prime minister", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a six-year term, eligible for a second term; election last held on 26 January 2010 (next to be held in 2016)", - "election_results": "Mahinda Percy RAJAPAKSA reelected president for second term; percent of vote - Mahinda Percy RAJAPAKSA 57.88%, Sarath FONSEKA 40.15%, other 1.97%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament (225 seats; members elected by popular vote on the basis of an open-list, proportional representation system by electoral district to serve six-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 8 April 2010 with a repoll in two electorates held on 20 April 2010 (next to be held by April 2016)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by alliance or party - United People's Freedom Alliance 60.93%, United National Party 29.34%, Democratic National Alliance 5.49%, Tamil National Alliance 2.9%, other 1.34%; seats by alliance or party - United People's Freedom Alliance 144, United National Party 60, Tamil National Alliance 14, Democratic National Alliance 7" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of the Republic (consists of the chief justice and 10 justices); note - the court has exclusive jurisdiction to review legislation", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "the chief justice appointed by the president; the other justices appointed by the president with the advice of the chief justice; all justices hold office until age 65", - "subordinate_courts": "Court of Appeals; High Courts; Magistrate's Courts; municipal and primary courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Coalitions and leaders: Democratic National Alliance, led by General (Retired) Sarath FONSEKA; Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna or JVP [Somawansa AMARASINGHE]; Tamil National Alliance led by Illandai Tamil Arasu Kachchi [R. SAMPANTHAN]; United National Front led by United National Party [Ranil WICKREMESINGHE]; United People's Freedom Alliance led by Sri Lanka Freedom Party [Mahinda RAJAPAKSA]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Buddhist clergy; labor unions; hard-line nationalist Sinhalese groups such as the National Movement Against Terrorism; Sinhalese Buddhist lay groups" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ABEDA, ADB, ARF, BIMSTEC, C, CD, CP, FAO, G-11, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OPCW, PCA, SAARC, SACEP, SCO (dialogue member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Jaliya Chitran WICKRAMASURIYA", - "chancery": "2148 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 483-4025 through 4028", - "fax": "[1] (202) 232-7181", - "consulates_general": "Los Angeles", - "consulates": "New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Michele J. SISON", - "embassy": "210 Galle Road, Colombo 3", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 106, Colombo", - "telephone": "[94] (11) 249-8500", - "fax": "[94] (11) 243-7345" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "yellow with two panels; the smaller hoist-side panel has two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and orange; the other larger panel depicts a yellow lion holding a sword on a dark red rectangular field that also displays a yellow bo leaf in each corner; the yellow field appears as a border around the entire flag and extends between the two panels; the lion represents Sinhalese ethnicity, the strength of the nation, and bravery; the sword demonstrates the sovereignty of the nation; the four bo leaves - symbolizing Buddhism and its influence on the country - stand for the four virtues of kindness, friendliness, happiness, and equanimity; orange signifies Sri Lankan Tamils, green the Sri Lankan Moors; dark red represents the European Burghers, but also refers to the rich colonial background of the country; yellow denotes other ethnic groups; also referred to as the Lion Flag" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "lion" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Sri Lanka Matha\" (Mother Sri Lanka)", - "lyrics_music": "Ananda SAMARKONE", - "note": "adopted 1951" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Sri Lanka continues to experience strong economic growth following the end of the 26-year conflict with the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). The government has been pursuing large-scale reconstruction and development projects in its efforts to spur growth in war-torn and disadvantaged areas, develop small and medium enterprises and increase agricultural productivity. The government's high debt payments and bloated civil service have contributed to historically high budget deficits, but fiscal consolidation efforts and strong GDP growth in recent years have helped bring down the government's fiscal deficit. However, low tax revenues are a major concern. The 2008-09 global financial crisis and recession exposed Sri Lanka''s economic vulnerabilities and nearly caused a balance of payments crisis. Growth slowed to 3.5% in 2009. Economic activity rebounded with the end of the war and an IMF agreement, resulting in two straight years of 8% growth in 2010-11. Growth moderated to about 6% in 2012. Agriculture slowed due to a drought and weak global demand affected exports and trade. In early 2012, Sri Lanka floated the rupee, resulting in a sharp depreciation, and took steps to curb imports. A large trade deficit remains a concern. Strong remittances from Sri Lankan workers abroad have helped to offset the trade deficit." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$128.4 billion (2012 est.); $120.6 billion (2011 est.); $111.4 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$59.41 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "6.4% (2012 est.); 8.2% (2011 est.); 8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$6,200 (2012 est.); $5,900 (2011 est.); $5,500 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "23.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 22.1% of GDP (2011 est.); 25.3% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "69.6%", - "government_consumption": "13.5%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "28.9%", - "investment_in_inventories": "1.8%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "22.8%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-36.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "11.1%", - "industry": "31.5%", - "services": "57.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "rice, sugarcane, grains, pulses, oilseed, spices, vegetables, fruit, tea, rubber, coconuts; milk, eggs, hides, beef; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "processing of rubber, tea, coconuts, tobacco and other agricultural commodities; telecommunications, insurance, banking; tourism, shipping; clothing, textiles; cement, petroleum refining, information technology services, construction" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "10.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "8.194 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "31.8%", - "industry": "25.8%", - "services": "42.4% (June 2012)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "5.2% (2012 est.); 4.2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "8.9% (2010 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1.6%", - "highest_10%": "39.5% (2009)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "49 (2010); 46 (1995)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$7.868 billion", - "expenditures": "$11.63 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "13.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-6.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "77.7% of GDP (2012 est.); 78.4% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "covers central government debt, and excludes debt instruments directly owned by government entities other than the treasury (e.g. commercial bank borrowings of a government corporation); the data includes treasury debt held by foreign entities as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement; sub-national entities are usually not permitted to sell debt instruments" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "7.5% (2012 est.); 6.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "7.5% (19 December 2012 est.); 7% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "13.25% (31 December 2012 est.); 9.41% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$3.539 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.852 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$21.89 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $18.88 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$28.86 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $26.53 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$16.92 billion (31 December 2012); $19.44 billion (31 December 2011); $19.92 billion (31 December 2010)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$4.737 billion (2012 est.); -$4.638 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$9.785 billion (2012 est.); $10.56 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "textiles and apparel, tea and spices; rubber manufactures; precious stones; coconut products, fish" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 22.6%, UK 9.8%, India 6.4%, Belgium 5.2%, Germany 4.8%, Italy 4.3% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$17.32 billion (2012 est.); $18.24 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "petroleum, textiles, machinery and transportation equipment, building materials, mineral products, foodstuffs" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "India 21.3%, China 16.5%, Singapore 8.6%, Iran 7.7%, UAE 4.4%, Malaysia 4.3% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$6.831 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.748 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$26.87 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $23.98 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Sri Lankan rupees (LKR) per US dollar -; 127.6 (2012 est.); 110.57 (2011 est.); 113.06 (2010 est.); 114.95 (2009); 108.33 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "11.52 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "10 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "3.139 million kW (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "53.8% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "44.6% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "1.6% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "41,000 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "50,000 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "89,620 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "48,140 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "14.09 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "2.832 million (2013)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "19.336 million (2013)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "telephone services have improved significantly and are available in most parts of the country", - "domestic": "national trunk network consists mostly of digital microwave radio relay; fiber-optic links now in use in Colombo area and fixed wireless local loops have been installed; competition is strong in mobile cellular systems and mobile cellular subscribership is increasing", - "international": "country code - 94; the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cables provide connectivity to Asia, Australia, Middle East, Europe, US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "government operates 8 TV channels and a radio network; multi-channel satellite and cable TV subscription services available; 35 private TV stations and about 50 radio stations (2012)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".lk" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "9,552 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "1.777 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "19 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "15", - "over_3_047_m": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "6", - "914_to_1_523_m": "7 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "4", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1", - "under_914_m": "3 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "1,449 km", - "broad_gauge": "1,449 km 1.676-m gauge (2007)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "91,907 km (2008)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "160 km (primarily on rivers in southwest) (2012)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "21", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 4, cargo 13, chemical tanker 1, container 1, petroleum tanker 2", - "foreign_owned": "8 (Germany 8) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Colombo" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Sri Lanka Army, Sri Lanka Navy, Sri Lanka Air Force (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-22 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; 5-year service obligation (Air Force) (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "5,342,147", - "females_age_16_49": "5,466,409 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "4,177,432", - "females_age_16_49": "4,574,833 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "167,026", - "female": "162,587 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "2.9% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "idps": "118,376 (civil war; more than half displaced prior to 2008; many of the more than 470,000 IDPs registered as returnees had not reached durable solutions as of September 2012) (2012)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Sri Lanka is primarily a source and, to a much lesser extent, a destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; some Sri Lankan adults and children who migrate willingly to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Bahrain, Lebanon, Iraq, Afghanistan, Malaysia, and Singapore to work as domestic servants, construction workers, or garment factory workers face conditions indicative of forced labor; some Sri Lankan women are forced into prostitution in Jordan, Singapore, Maldives, and other countries; within Sri Lanka, women and children are subjected to sex trafficking in brothels, while other children are forced to work in the agriculture, fireworks, and fish-drying industries", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Sri Lanka does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; law enforcement efforts and victim protection, particularly identification, are very weak, with no reported prosecutions or convictions under the country's penal code article prohibiting human trafficking; government employees' complicity in trafficking offenses remains a problem; the government has not approved its draft standard operating procedures for identifying trafficking victims and referring them to protective services, consequently, victims may have been punished for crimes committed as a direct result of being trafficked; the government adopted an anti-trafficking action plan in 2012 (2013)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/asia/mm-myanmar.json b/asia/mm-myanmar.json deleted file mode 100644 index ca0bf4ef..00000000 --- a/asia/mm-myanmar.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,617 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Various ethnic Burmese and ethnic minority city-states or kingdoms occupied the present borders through the 19th century. Over a period of 62 years (1824-1886), Britain conquered Burma and incorporated the country into its Indian Empire. Burma was administered as a province of India until 1937 when it became a separate, self-governing colony; in 1948, Burma attained independence from the Commonwealth. Gen. NE WIN dominated the government from 1962 to 1988, first as military ruler, then as self-appointed president, and later as political kingpin. In response to widespread civil unrest, NE WIN resigned in 1988, but within months the military crushed student-led protests and took power. Multiparty legislative elections in 1990 resulted in the main opposition party - the National League for Democracy (NLD) - winning a landslide victory. Instead of handing over power, the junta placed NLD leader (and Nobel Peace Prize recipient) AUNG SAN SUU KYI (ASSK) under house arrest from 1989 to 1995, 2000 to 2002, and from May 2003 to November 2010. In late September 2007, the ruling junta brutally suppressed protests over increased fuel prices led by prodemocracy activists and Buddhist monks, killing at least 13 people and arresting thousands for participating in the demonstrations. In early May 2008, Burma was struck by Cyclone Nargis, which left over 138,000 dead and tens of thousands injured and homeless. Despite this tragedy, the junta proceeded with its May constitutional referendum, the first vote in Burma since 1990. Parliamentary elections held in November 2010, considered flawed by many in the international community, saw the ruling Union Solidarity and Development Party garner over 75% of the seats. Parliament convened in January 2011 and selected former Prime Minister THEIN SEIN as president. Although the vast majority of national-level appointees named by THEIN SEIN are former or current military officers, the government has initiated a series of political and economic reforms leading to a substantial opening of the long-isolated country. These reforms have included allowing ASSK to contest parliamentary by-elections on 1 April 2012, releasing hundreds of political prisoners, reaching preliminary peace agreements with 10 of the 11 major armed ethnic groups, enacting laws that provide better protections for basic human rights, and gradually reducing restrictions on freedom of the press, association, and civil society. At least due in part to these reforms, ASSK now serves as an elected Member of Parliament and chair of the Committee for Rule of Law and Tranquility. Most political parties have begun building their institutions in preparation for the next round of general elections in 2015. The country is preparing to chair the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 2014." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Bangladesh and Thailand" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "22 00 N, 98 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Southeast Asia" - }, - "area": { - "total": "676,578 sq km", - "land": "653,508 sq km", - "water": "23,070 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Texas" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "5,876 km", - "border_countries": "Bangladesh 193 km, China 2,185 km, India 1,463 km, Laos 235 km, Thailand 1,800 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "1,930 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical monsoon; cloudy, rainy, hot, humid summers (southwest monsoon, June to September); less cloudy, scant rainfall, mild temperatures, lower humidity during winter (northeast monsoon, December to April)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "central lowlands ringed by steep, rugged highlands" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Andaman Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Hkakabo Razi 5,881 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, timber, tin, antimony, zinc, copper, tungsten, lead, coal, marble, limestone, precious stones, natural gas, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "15.94%", - "permanent_crops": "2.16%", - "other": "81.89% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "21,100 sq km (2004)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "1,168 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "33.23 cu km/yr (10%/1%/89%)", - "per_capita": "728.6 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "destructive earthquakes and cyclones; flooding and landslides common during rainy season (June to September); periodic droughts" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation; industrial pollution of air, soil, and water; inadequate sanitation and water treatment contribute to disease" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Burmese (singular and plural)", - "adjective": "Burmese" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Burman 68%, Shan 9%, Karen 7%, Rakhine 4%, Chinese 3%, Indian 2%, Mon 2%, other 5%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Burmese (official)", - "note": "minority ethnic groups have their own languages" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Buddhist 89%, Christian 4% (Baptist 3%, Roman Catholic 1%), Muslim 4%, Animist 1%, other 2%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "55,167,330 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimates for this country take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "26.7% (male 7,514,233/female 7,227,893)", - "15_24_years": "18.6% (male 5,183,653/female 5,060,385)", - "25_54_years": "42.8% (male 11,724,297/female 11,879,420)", - "55_64_years": "6.7% (male 1,754,397/female 1,963,051)", - "65_years_and_over": "5.2% (male 1,244,758/female 1,615,243) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "43.1 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "35.7 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "7.5 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "13.4 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "27.6 years", - "male": "27 years", - "female": "28.2 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.05% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "18.89 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "8.05 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "32.6% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.49% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "RANGOON (capital) 4.259 million; Mandalay 1.009 million; Nay Pyi Taw 992,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.9 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.77 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "200 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "46.31 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "52.91 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "39.31 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "65.6 years", - "male": "63.24 years", - "female": "68.09 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.21 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "46% (2009/10)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "2% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.46 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.6 beds/1,000 population (2006)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 93% of population; rural: 78% of population; total: 83% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 7% of population; rural: 22% of population; total: 17% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 83% of population; rural: 73% of population; total: 76% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 17% of population; rural: 27% of population; total: 24% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.6% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "240,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "18,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever, malaria, and Japanese encephalitis", - "water_contact_disease": "leptospirosis", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies", - "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "4% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "22.6% (2010)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "0.8% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "92.7%", - "male": "95.1%", - "female": "90.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "9 years (2007)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Union of Burma", - "conventional_short_form": "Burma", - "local_long_form": "Pyidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw (translated by the US Government as Union of Myanma and by the Burmese as Union of Myanmar)", - "local_short_form": "Myanma Naingngandaw", - "former": "Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma", - "note": "since 1989 the military authorities in Burma, and the current parliamentary government, have promoted the name Myanmar as a conventional name for their state; the US Government has not adopted the name, which is a derivative of the Burmese short-form name Myanma Naingngandaw" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary government took power in March 2011" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Rangoon (Yangon)", - "geographic_coordinates": "16 48 N, 96 09 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+6.5 (11.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "note": "Nay Pyi Taw is the administrative capital" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "7 regions (taing-myar, singular - taing) and 7 states (pyi ne-myar, singular - pyi ne)", - "regions": "Ayeyarwady, Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon", - "states": "Chin, Kachin, Kayah, Kayin, Mon, Rakhine (Arakan), Shan", - "union_territory": "Nay Pyi Taw" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "4 January 1948 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 4 January (1948); Union Day, 12 February (1947)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "approved by referendum 29 May 2008; reformed by a series of acts in 2011" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law (as introduced in codifications designed for colonial India) and customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President THEIN SEIN (since 4 February 2011); Vice President SAI MOUK KHAM (since 3 February 2011); Vice President NYAN HTUN (since 15 August 2012)", - "head_of_government": "President THEIN SEIN (since 4 February 2011)", - "cabinet": "cabinet is appointed by the president and confirmed by the parliament", - "elections": "THEIN SEIN elected president by the parliament from among three vice presidents; the upper house, the lower house, and military members of the parliament each nominate one vice president (president serves a five-year term)" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral, consists of the House of Nationalities [Amyotha Hluttaw] (224 seats, 168 directly elected and 56 appointed by the military; members serve five-year terms) and the House of Representatives [Pythu Hluttaw] (440 seats, 330 directly elected and 110 appointed by the military; members serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 7 November 2010 (next to be held in December 2015)", - "election_results": "House of Nationalities - percent of vote by party - USDP 74.8%, others (NUP, SNDP, RNDP, NDF, AMRDP) 25.2%; seats by party - USDP 129, others 39; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - USDP 79.6%, others (NUP, SNDP, RNDP, NDF, AMRDP) 20.4%; seats by party - USDP 259, others 71" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of the Union (consists of the chief justice and 7-11 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "chief justice and judges nominated by the president, with approval of the Pythu Hlattaw, and appointed by the president; judges normally serve until mandatory retirement at age 70", - "subordinate_courts": "High Courts of the Region; High Courts of the State; Court of the Self-Administered Division; Court of the Self-Administered Zone; district and township courts; special courts (for juvenile, municipal, and traffic offenses); courts martial" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "All Mon Region Democracy Party or AMRDP [NAING NGWE THEIN]; National Democratic Force or NDF [KHIN MAUNG SWE, Dr.THAN NYEIN]; National League for Democracy or NLD [AUNG SAN SUU KYI]; National Unity Party or NUP [TUN YE]; Rakhine Nationalities Development Party or RNDP [Dr. AYE MG]; Shan Nationalities Democratic Party or SNDP [SAI AIKE PAUNG]; Shan Nationalities League for Democracy or SNLD [HKUN HTUN OO]; Union Solidarity and Development Party or USDP [SHWE MANN, HTAY OO]; numerous smaller parties" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "thai_border": "Ethnic Nationalities Council or ENC; Federation of Trade Unions-Burma or FTUB (exile trade union and labor advocates); National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma or NCGUB (self-proclaimed government in exile) [\"Prime Minister\" Dr. SEIN WIN] consists of individuals, some legitimately elected to the People's Assembly in 1990 (the group fled to a border area and joined insurgents in December 1990 to form a parallel government in exile); National Council-Union of Burma or NCUB (exile coalition of opposition groups); United Nationalities Federal Council (UNFC)", - "inside_burma": "Karen National Union or KNU; Karenni National People's Party or KNPP; United Wa State Army or UWSA; 88 Generation Students (pro-democracy movement); several other Chin, Karen, Mon, and Shan factions", - "note": "freedom of expression has been highly restricted in Burma; the restrictions are being relaxed by the government; political groups, other than parties approved by the government, are limited in number" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB, ARF, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, CP, EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), NAM, OPCW (signatory), SAARC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires YE LWIN", - "chancery": "2300 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 332-3344", - "fax": "[1] (202) 332-4351", - "consulates_general": "none; Burma has a Mission to the UN in New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Derek J. MITCHELL", - "embassy": "110 University Avenue, Kamayut Township, Rangoon", - "mailing_address": "Box B, APO AP 96546", - "telephone": "[95] (1) 536-509, 535-756, 538-038", - "fax": "[95] (1) 511-069" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "design consists of three equal horizontal stripes of yellow (top), green, and red; centered on the green band is a large white five-pointed star that partially overlaps onto the adjacent colored stripes; the design revives the triband colors used by Burma from 1943-45, during the Japanese occupation" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "chinthe (mythical lion)" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Kaba Ma Kyei\" (Till the End of the World, Myanmar)", - "lyrics_music": "SAYA TIN", - "note": "adopted 1948; Burma is among a handful of non-European nations that have anthems rooted in indigenous traditions; the beginning portion of the anthem is a traditional Burmese anthem before transitioning into a Western-style orchestrated work" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Burma is a resource-rich country but still suffers from pervasive government controls, inefficient economic policies, corruption, and rural poverty. Burma is the poorest country in Southeast Asia; approximately 32% of the population lives in poverty. Corruption is prevalent and significant resources are concentrated in the extractive industries are concentrated in a few hands. The Burmese government has initiated notable economic reforms. In October 2011, 11 private banks were allowed to trade foreign currency. On April 2, 2012, Burma's multiple exchange rates were abolished and the Central Bank of Myanmar established a managed float of the Burmese kyat. In November 2012, President THEIN SEIN signed a new Foreign Investment Law. Despite these reforms, the Burmese government has not yet embarked on broad-based macro-economic reforms or addressed key impediments to economic development such as Burma's opaque revenue collection system. Key benchmarks of economic progress would include steps to ensure the independence of the Central Bank, provide budget allocation for social services, and enact laws to protect intellectual and real property. In recent years, foreign investors have shied away from nearly every sector except for natural gas, power generation, timber, and mining. The exploitation of natural resources does not benefit the population at large. The most productive sectors will continue to be in extractive industries - especially oil and gas, mining, and timber - with the latter two causing significant environmental degradation. Other areas, such as manufacturing, tourism, and services, struggle in the face of poor infrastructure, unpredictable trade policies, undeveloped human resources (the result of neglected health and education systems), endemic corruption, and inadequate access to capital for investment. The US initially imposed sanctions on Burma in response to the 1988 military crackdown and the regime's refusal to honor the democratic opposition National League for Democracy's 1990 landslide election victory under the leadership of AUNG SAN SUU KYI. In 2003, the US moved from broad-based to more targeted sanctions. In July 2012, as a result of reforms undertaken by President THEIN SEIN and his nominally civilian government, the US broadly eased restrictions on new investment in and the export of financial services to Burma. In November 2012, the US eased the import bank on Burmese products to the US with the exception of jadeite and rubies. Although the Burmese government has good economic relations with its neighbors, significant improvements in economic governance, the business climate, and the political situation are needed to promote serious foreign investment." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$90.93 billion (2012 est.); $85.54 billion (2011 est.); $81.11 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$53.14 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "6.3% (2012 est.); 5.5% (2011 est.); 5.3% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$1,400 (2012 est.); $1,400 (2011 est.); $1,300 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "13.3% of GDP (2012 est.); 16% of GDP (2011 est.); 19.9% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "79.6%", - "government_consumption": "3.7%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "16.3%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.3%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "0.2%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-0.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "38.8%", - "industry": "19.3%", - "services": "41.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "rice, pulses, beans, sesame, groundnuts, sugarcane; fish and fish products; hardwood" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "agricultural processing; wood and wood products; copper, tin, tungsten, iron; cement, construction materials; pharmaceuticals; fertilizer; oil and natural gas; garments, jade and gems" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "8.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "33.41 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "70%", - "industry": "7%", - "services": "23% (2001)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "5.4% (2012 est.); 5.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "32.7% (2007 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.8%", - "highest_10%": "32.4% (1998)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$2.271 billion", - "expenditures": "$4.487 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "4.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-4.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 April - 31 March" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "1.5% (2012 est.); 5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "9.95% (31 December 2010 est.); 12% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "13% (31 December 2012 est.); 16.33% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$11.54 million (31 December 2012 est.); $8.91 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$15.66 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $11.83 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$891.2 million (2012 est.); $96.1 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$8.23 billion (2012 est.); $8.113 billion (2011 est.)", - "note": "official export figures are grossly underestimated due to the value of timber, gems, narcotics, rice, and other products smuggled to Thailand, China, and Bangladesh" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "natural gas, wood products, pulses, beans, fish, rice, clothing, jade and gems" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Thailand 40.5%, India 14.7%, China 14.2%, Japan 7.4% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$7.477 billion (2012 est.); $5.921 billion (2011 est.)", - "note": "import figures are grossly underestimated due to the value of consumer goods, diesel fuel, and other products smuggled in from Thailand, China, Malaysia, and India" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "fabric, petroleum products, fertilizer, plastics, machinery, transport equipment; cement, construction materials, crude oil; food products, edible oil" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 37%, Thailand 20.2%, Singapore 8.7%, South Korea 8.7%, Japan 8.2%, Malaysia 4.6% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$7.551 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $7.017 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$5.614 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $7.766 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "kyats (MMK) per US dollar -; 853.476 (2012 est.); 815 (2011 est.); 5.58 (2010 est.); 1,055 (2009); 1,205 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "5.708 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "3.794 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "1.86 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "67.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "32.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "20,200 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "880 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "50 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "16,700 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "40,620 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "12,730 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "12.1 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "3.29 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "8.81 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "283.2 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "12.8 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "521,100 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "1.244 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "meets minimum requirements for local and intercity service for business and government", - "domestic": "system barely capable of providing basic service; mobile-cellular phone system is grossly underdeveloped", - "international": "country code - 95; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 optical telecommunications submarine cable that provides links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 2, Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and ShinSat (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "government controls all domestic broadcast media; 2 state-controlled TV stations with 1 of the stations controlled by the armed forces; 2 pay-TV stations are joint state-private ventures; access to satellite TV is limited; 1 state-controlled domestic radio station and 9 FM stations that are joint state-private ventures; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available in parts of Burma; the Voice of America (VOA), Radio Free Asia (RFA), BBC Burmese service, the Democratic Voice of Burma (DVB), and Radio Australia use shortwave to broadcast in Burma; VOA, RFA, and DVB produce daily TV news programs that are transmitted by satellite to audiences in Burma" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".mm" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "1,055 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "110,000 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "64 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "36", - "over_3_047_m": "12", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "11", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "12", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "28", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "4", - "914_to_1_523_m": "10", - "under_914_m": "13 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "11 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 3,739 km; oil 551 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "5,031 km", - "narrow_gauge": "5,031 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "34,377 km (includes 358 km of expressways) (2010)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "12,800 km (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "29", - "by_type": "cargo 22, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 3, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 1", - "foreign_owned": "2 (Germany 1, Japan 1)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "3 (Panama 3) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Moulmein, Sittwe", - "river_ports": "Rangoon (Rangoon River)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Myanmar Armed Forces (Tatmadaw): Army (Tatmadaw Kyi), Navy (Tatmadaw Yay), Air Force (Tatmadaw Lay) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-35 years of age (men) and 18-27 years of age (women) for voluntary military service; no conscription (a 2010 law reintroducing conscription has not yet entered into force); service obligation 2 years; male (ages 18-45) and female (ages 18-35) professionals (including doctors, engineers, mechanics) serve up to 3 years; service terms may be stretched to 5 years in an officially declared emergency; Burma signed the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) on 15 August 1991; on 27 June 2012, the regime signed a Joint Action Plan on prevention of child recruitment; in February 2013, the military formed a new task force to address forced child conscription, which reportedly continues (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "14,747,845", - "females_age_16_49": "14,710,871 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "10,451,515", - "females_age_16_49": "11,181,537 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "522,478", - "female": "506,388 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "4.8% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "over half of Burma's population consists of diverse ethnic groups who have substantial numbers of kin in neighboring countries; the Naf River on the border with Bangladesh serves as a smuggling and illegal transit route; Bangladesh struggles to accommodate 29,000 Rohingya, Burmese Muslim minority from Arakan State, living as refugees in Cox's Bazar; Burmese border authorities are constructing a 200 km (124 mi) wire fence designed to deter illegal cross-border transit and tensions from the military build-up along border with Bangladesh in 2010; Bangladesh referred its maritime boundary claims with Burma and India to the International Tribunal on the Law of the Sea; Burmese forces attempting to dig in to the largely autonomous Shan State to rout local militias tied to the drug trade, prompts local residents to periodically flee into neighboring Yunnan Province in China; fencing along the India-Burma international border at Manipur's Moreh town is in progress to check illegal drug trafficking and movement of militants; 140,000 mostly Karen refugees fleeing civil strife, political upheaval and economic stagnation in Burma live in remote camps in Thailand near the border" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "idps": "more than 454,200 (government offensives against armed ethnic minority groups near its borders with China and Thailand) (2012)", - "stateless_persons": "808,075 (2012); note - Burma's main group of stateless people is the Rohingya, Muslims living in northern Rakhine State; the Burmese Government does not recognize the Rohingya as a \"national race\" and stripped them of their citizenship under the 1982 Citizenship law, categorizing them as \"non-national\" or \"foreign residents\"; native-born but non-indigenous people, such as Indians, and children born in Thailand to Burmese parents are also stateless; the Burmese Government does not grant citizenship to children born outside of the country to Burmese parents who left the country illegally or fled persecution" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Burma is a source country for women, children, and men trafficked for the purpose of forced labor, and for women and children subjected to sex trafficking in other countries; poor economic conditions have led to increased legal and illegal migration of Burmese adults and children throughout East Asia and parts of the Middle East, where they are subject to forced labor and sex trafficking; men are forced to work in the fishing and construction industries, while women and girls are forced into prostitution or domestic servitude; some Burmese economic migrants seeking work in Thailand are subsequently subjected to forced labor or sexual exploitation; military personnel and insurgent militias unlawfully conscript child soldiers and continue to be the leading perpetrators of forced labor inside the country; Burmese children are also forced to work in tea shops, home industries, on plantations, and as beggars", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Burma does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking, but it is making significant efforts to do so; anti-trafficking law enforcement efforts focus on the recruitment and transport of Burmese women and girls across international boundaries for forced marriages and sex trafficking; efforts to combat trafficking within Burma remain weak; forced labor of civilians and the recruitment of child soldiers by both military and private entities remain serious problems; the government continues modest efforts to provide temporary shelter and facilitate safe passage to Burmese victims repatriated from abroad, but its overall victim protection efforts are inadequate; in 2012, the government signed a UN-backed action plan for the identification, release, and rehabilitation of children in the Burmese military; as a result, some child soldiers have been released, but the government has not taken steps to prevent recruitment (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "world's third largest producer of illicit opium with an estimated production in 2009 of 250 metric tons, a decrease of 27%, and poppy cultivation in 2009 totaled 17,000 hectares, a 24% decrease from 2008; production in the United Wa State Army's areas of greatest control remains low; Shan state is the source of 94.5% of Burma's poppy cultivation; lack of government will to take on major narcotrafficking groups and lack of serious commitment against money laundering continues to hinder the overall antidrug effort; major source of methamphetamine and heroin for regional consumption\r\n (2008)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/asia/mn-mongolia.json b/asia/mn-mongolia.json deleted file mode 100644 index 6df058aa..00000000 --- a/asia/mn-mongolia.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,599 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The Mongols gained fame in the 13th century when under Chinggis KHAAN they established a huge Eurasian empire through conquest. After his death the empire was divided into several powerful Mongol states, but these broke apart in the 14th century. The Mongols eventually retired to their original steppe homelands and in the late 17th century came under Chinese rule. Mongolia won its independence in 1921 with Soviet backing and a communist regime was installed in 1924. The modern country of Mongolia, however, represents only part of the Mongols' historical homeland; more ethnic Mongolians live in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China than in Mongolia. Following a peaceful democratic revolution, the ex-communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) won elections in 1990 and 1992, but was defeated by the Democratic Union Coalition (DUC) in the 1996 parliamentary election. The MPRP won an overwhelming majority in the 2000 parliamentary election, but the party lost seats in the 2004 election and shared power with democratic coalition parties from 2004-08. The MPRP regained a solid majority in the 2008 parliamentary elections but nevertheless formed a coalition government with the Democratic Party that lasted until January 2012. In 2009, current President ELBEGDORJ of the Democratic Party was elected to office. In 2010, the MPRP voted to retake the name of the Mongolian People's Party (MPP), a name it used in the early 1920s. Shortly thereafter, a new party was formed by former president ENKHBAYAR, which adopted the MPRP name. In the 2012 Parliamentary elections, a coalition of four political parties led by the Democratic Party, gained control of the Parliament." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Northern Asia, between China and Russia" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "46 00 N, 105 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Asia" - }, - "area": { - "total": "1,564,116 sq km", - "land": "1,553,556 sq km", - "water": "10,560 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Alaska" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "8,220 km", - "border_countries": "China 4,677 km, Russia 3,543 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "vast semidesert and desert plains, grassy steppe, mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Hoh Nuur 560 m", - "highest_point": "Nayramadlin Orgil (Huyten Orgil) 4,374 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "0.39%", - "permanent_crops": "0%", - "other": "99.61% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "843 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "34.8 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.55 cu km/yr (13%/43%/44%)", - "per_capita": "196.8 cu m/yr (2009)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "dust storms; grassland and forest fires; drought; \"zud,\" which is harsh winter conditions" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "limited natural freshwater resources in some areas; the policies of former Communist regimes promoted rapid urbanization and industrial growth that had negative effects on the environment; the burning of soft coal in power plants and the lack of enforcement of environmental laws severely polluted the air in Ulaanbaatar; deforestation, overgrazing, and the converting of virgin land to agricultural production increased soil erosion from wind and rain; desertification and mining activities had a deleterious effect on the environment" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; strategic location between China and Russia" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Mongolian(s)", - "adjective": "Mongolian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Mongol (mostly Khalkha) 94.9%, Turkic (mostly Kazakh) 5%, other (including Chinese and Russian) 0.1% (2000)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Khalkha Mongol 90% (official), Turkic, Russian (1999)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Buddhist Lamaist 50%, Shamanist and Christian 6%, Muslim 4%, none 40% (2004)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "3,226,516 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "26.9% (male 442,850/female 425,017)", - "15_24_years": "19% (male 311,460/female 302,286)", - "25_54_years": "44.5% (male 716,893/female 719,508)", - "55_64_years": "5.5% (male 85,545/female 93,234)", - "65_years_and_over": "4% (male 56,241/female 73,482) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "45.1 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "39.6 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.5 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "18.1 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "26.9 years", - "male": "26.5 years", - "female": "27.3 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.44% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "20.34 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "5.98 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "68.5% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.81% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "ULAANBAATAR (capital) 949,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.92 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.77 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "63 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "34.78 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "37.66 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "31.76 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "68.95 years", - "male": "66.46 years", - "female": "71.56 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.18 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "55% (2010)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "5.4% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "2.76 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "5.8 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 53% of population; total: 82% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 47% of population; total: 18% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 64% of population; rural: 29% of population; total: 51% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 36% of population; rural: 71% of population; total: 49% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "less than 0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "fewer than 500 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "14.4% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "5.3% (2005)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.5% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "97.4%", - "male": "96.8%", - "female": "97.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "14 years", - "male": "14 years", - "female": "15 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "106,203", - "percentage": "18 % (2005 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "20%", - "male": "19.5%", - "female": "20.7% (2003)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "none", - "conventional_short_form": "Mongolia", - "local_long_form": "none", - "local_short_form": "Mongol Uls", - "former": "Outer Mongolia" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Ulaanbaatar", - "geographic_coordinates": "47 55 N, 106 55 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "21 provinces (aymguud, singular - aymag) and 1 municipality* (singular - hot); Arhangay, Bayanhongor, Bayan-Olgiy, Bulgan, Darhan-Uul, Dornod, Dornogovi, Dundgovi, Dzavhan (Zavkhan), Govi-Altay, Govisumber, Hentiy, Hovd, Hovsgol, Omnogovi, Orhon, Ovorhangay, Selenge, Suhbaatar, Tov, Ulaanbaatar*, Uvs" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "11 July 1921 (from China)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day/Revolution Day, 11 July (1921)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "13 January 1992" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system influenced by Soviet and Romano-Germanic legal systems; constitution ambiguous on judicial review of legislative acts" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Tsakhia ELBEGDORJ (since 18 June 2009)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Norov ALTANKHUYAG (since 9 August 2012); Deputy Prime Minister Dendev TERBISHDAGVA (since 20 August 2012)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet nominated by the prime minister in consultation with the president and confirmed by the State Great Hural (parliament)", - "elections": "presidential candidates nominated by political parties represented in State Great Hural and elected by popular vote for a four-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 26 June 2013 (next to be held in June 2017); following legislative elections, leaders of the majority party or a majority coalition usually elect the prime minister of the State Great Hural", - "election_results": "in elections in June 2013, Tsakhia ELBEGDORJ elected president; percent of vote - Tsakhia ELBEGDORJ 50.2%, Badmaanyambuu BAT-ERDENE 42%, Natsag UDVAL 6.5%, others 1.3%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral State Great Hural (76 seats; of which 48 members are directly elected from 26 electoral districts, while 28 members are proportionally elected based on a party's share of the total votes; all serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 28 June 2012 (next to be held in June 2016)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - DP 33, MPP 25, Justice Coalition 11, others 5, vacant 2" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the Chief Justice and 16 judges organized into civil, criminal, and administrative chambers); Constitutional Court or Tsets (consists of a chairman and 8 members)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court chief justice and judges appointed by the president upon recommendation to the State Great Hural by the General Council of Courts; term of appointment is for life; chairman of the Constitutional Court elected from among its members; members appointed by the State Great Heral upon nominations - 3 each by the president, the State Great Hural, and the Supreme Court; term of appointment is 6 years; chairmanship limited to a single renewable 3-year term", - "subordinate_courts": "aimag (provincial) and capital city appellate courts; soum, inter-soum, and district courts; Administrative Cases Courts (established in 2004)" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Civil Will-Green Party or CWGP [Dangaasuren EHKHBAT]; Democratic Party or DP [Norov ALTANHUYAG]; Justice Coalition (is made up of MPRP and MNDP); Mongolian Natinal Democratic party or MNDP [ENKHSAIKHAN Mendsaikhan]; Mongolian People's Party or MPP [O. ENKHTUVSHIN]; Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party or MPRP [Nambar ENKHBAYAR]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "other": "human rights groups; women's groups" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB, ARF, CD, CICA, CP, EBRD, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, OSCE, SCO (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Bulgaa ALTANGEREL", - "chancery": "2833 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 333-7117", - "fax": "[1] (202) 298-9227", - "consulates_general": "New York, San Francisco" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Piper Anne Wind CAMPBELL", - "embassy": "Big Ring Road, 11th Micro Region, Ulaanbaatar, 14171 Mongolia", - "mailing_address": "PSC 461, Box 300, FPO AP 96521-0002; P.O. Box 341, Ulaanbaatar-14192", - "telephone": "[976] 7007-6001", - "fax": "[976] 7007-6016" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), blue, and red; centered on the hoist-side red band in yellow is the national emblem (\"soyombo\" - a columnar arrangement of abstract and geometric representation for fire, sun, moon, earth, water, and the yin-yang symbol); blue represents the sky, red symbolizes progress and prosperity" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "soyombo emblem" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Mongol ulsyn toriin duulal\" (National Anthem of Mongolia)", - "lyrics_music": "Tsendiin DAMDINSUREN/Bilegiin DAMDINSUREN and Luvsanjamts MURJORJ", - "note": "music adopted 1950, lyrics adopted 2006; the anthem's lyrics have been altered on numerous occasions" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Mongolia's extensive mineral deposits and attendant growth in mining-sector activities have transformed Mongolia's economy, which traditionally has been dependent on herding and agriculture. Mongolia's copper, gold, coal, molybdenum, fluorspar, uranium, tin, and tungsten deposits, among others, have attracted foreign direct investment. Soviet assistance, at its height one-third of GDP, disappeared almost overnight in 1990 and 1991 at the time of the dismantlement of the USSR. The following decade saw Mongolia endure both deep recession, because of political inaction and natural disasters, as well as economic growth, because of reform-embracing, free-market economics and extensive privatization of the formerly state-run economy. The country opened a fledgling stock exchange in 1991. Mongolia joined the World Trade Organization in 1997 and seeks to expand its participation in regional economic and trade regimes. Growth averaged nearly 9% per year in 2004-08 largely because of high copper prices globally and new gold production. By late 2008, Mongolia was hit hard by the global financial crisis. Slower global economic growth hurt the country's exports, notably copper, and slashed government revenues. As a result, Mongolia's real economy contracted 1.3% in 2009. In early 2009, the International Monetary Fund reached a $236 million Stand-by Arrangement with Mongolia and the country has largely emerged from the crisis with better regulations and closer supervision. The banking sector strengthened but weaknesses remain. In October 2009, Mongolia passed long-awaited legislation on an investment agreement to develop the Oyu Tolgoi mine, considered to be among the world's largest untapped copper deposits. Recent calls by nationalist politicians to renegotiate the investment agreement, however, have called into question the attractiveness of Mongolia as a destination for foreign direct investment. Negotiations to develop the massive Tavan Tolgoi coal field face similar obstacles. The economy grew by 6.4% in 2010, 17.5% in 2011, and by more than 12.3% in 2012, largely on the strength of commodity exports to nearby countries and high government spending domestically. Mongolia's economy, however, faces near-term economic risks from the government's loose fiscal policies, which are contributing to high inflation, and uncertainties in foreign demand for Mongolian exports. Trade with China represents more than half of Mongolia's total external trade - China receives more than 90% of Mongolia's exports. Mongolia purchases 95% of its petroleum products and a substantial amount of electric power from Russia, leaving it vulnerable to price increases. Due to severe winter weather in 2009-10, Mongolia lost 22% of its total livestock, and meat prices doubled. Inflation remained higher than 10% for much of 2010-12, due in part to higher food and fuel prices. The economic slowdown in China during 2011-2012 resulted in fewer Mongolian exports, a widened trade gap, and decreased government revenues, putting pressure on Mongolian fiscal policy. Remittances from Mongolians working abroad, particularly in South Korea, are significant." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$15.44 billion (2012 est.); $13.75 billion (2011 est.); $11.7 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$10.26 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "12.3% (2012 est.); 17.5% (2011 est.); 6.4% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$5,500 (2012 est.); $4,900 (2011 est.); $4,200 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "51.1%", - "government_consumption": "14.5%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "48.3%", - "investment_in_inventories": "13.9%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "58.6%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-86.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "14%", - "industry": "29.9%", - "services": "56.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "wheat, barley, vegetables, forage crops; sheep, goats, cattle, camels, horses" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "construction and construction materials; mining (coal, copper, molybdenum, fluorspar, tin, tungsten, and gold); oil; food and beverages; processing of animal products, cashmere and natural fiber manufacturing" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "9% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "1.037 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "33%", - "industry": "10.6%", - "services": "56.4% (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "9% (2011 est.); 13% (2010)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "29.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3%", - "highest_10%": "28.4% (2008)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "36.5 (2008); 32.8 (2002)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$3.228 billion", - "expenditures": "$4.091 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "31.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-8.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "14.2% (2012 est.); 9.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "13.25% (31 December 2012); 12.25% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "18.2% (31 December 2012 est.); 15.5% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$1.318 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.247 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$5.456 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.592 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$5.007 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.04 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$1.29 billion (31 December 2012); $1.579 billion (31 December 2011); $1.093 billion (31 December 2010)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$2.354 billion (2012 est.); -$1.781 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$4.385 billion (2012 est.); $4.816 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "copper, apparel, livestock, animal products, cashmere, wool, hides, fluorspar, other nonferrous metals, coal, crude oil" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "China 88.9%, Canada 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$6.739 billion (2012 est.); $6.598 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, fuel, cars, food products, industrial consumer goods, chemicals, building materials, cigarettes and tobacco, appliances, soap and detergent" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 37.6%, Russia 25.7%, US 9.4%, South Korea 6.1%, Japan 4.9% (2012)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$3.423 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.564 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$4.62 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $4.715 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$50 million (31 December 2012 est.); $94.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "togrog/tugriks (MNT) per US dollar -; 1,357.6 (2012 est.); 1,265.5 (2011 est.); 1,357.1 (2010 est.); 1,442.8 (2009); 1,170 (2007)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "4.48 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "4.217 billion kWh (2010)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "262.9 million kWh (2010)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "833,200 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "99.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "6,983 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "5,260 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "NA bbl" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "21,610 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2010 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "15,730 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "11,790 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "9.436 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "187,600 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "2.942 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "network is improving with international direct dialing available in many areas; a fiber-optic network has been installed that is improving broadband and communication services between major urban centers with multiple companies providing inter-city fiber-optic cable services", - "domestic": "very low fixed-line teledensity; there are multiple mobile-cellular providers and subscribership is increasing", - "international": "country code - 976; satellite earth stations - 7 (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "following a law passed in 2005, Mongolia's state-run radio and TV provider converted to a public service provider; also available are private radio and TV broadcasters, as well as multi-channel satellite and cable TV providers; more than 100 radio stations, including some 20 via repeaters for the public broadcaster; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".mn" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "20,084 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "330,000 (2008)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "44 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "15", - "over_3_047_m": "2", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "10", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "29", - "over_3_047_m": "2", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "24", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "1,908 km", - "broad_gauge": "1,908 km 1.520-m gauge", - "note": "the railway is 50 percent owned by the Russian State Railway (2010)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "49,249 km", - "paved": "3,015 km", - "unpaved": "46,234 km (2010)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "580 km (the only waterway in operation is Lake Hovsgol) (135 km); Selenge River (270 km) and Orhon River (175 km) are navigable but carry little traffic; lakes and rivers freeze in winter, they are open from May to September) (2010)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "57", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 21, cargo 25, chemical tanker 1, container 2, liquefied gas 2, passenger/cargo 2, roll on/roll off 3, vehicle carrier 1", - "foreign_owned": "44 (Indonesia 2, Japan 2, North Korea 1, Russia 2, Singapore 3, Ukraine 1, Vietnam 33) (2010)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Mongolian Armed Forces (Mongol ulsyn zevsegt huchin): Mongolian Army (includes Mongolian Air and Air Defense, which is to become a separate service in 2015); there is no navy (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-25 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation is 12 months in land or air defense forces or police; a small portion of Mongolian land forces (2.5 percent) is comprised of contract soldiers; women cannot be deployed overseas for military operations (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "898,546", - "females_age_16_49": "891,192 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "726,199", - "females_age_16_49": "756,628 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "30,829", - "female": "29,648 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.8% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "stateless_persons": "220 (2012)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/asia/mv-maldives.json b/asia/mv-maldives.json deleted file mode 100644 index 28bb32e1..00000000 --- a/asia/mv-maldives.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,576 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "A sultanate since the 12th century, the Maldives became a British protectorate in 1887. It became a republic in 1968, three years after independence. President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM dominated the islands' political scene for 30 years, elected to six successive terms by single-party referendums. Following political demonstrations in the capital Male in August 2003, the president and his government pledged to embark upon democratic reforms including a more representative political system and expanded political freedoms. Progress was sluggish, however, and many promised reforms were slow to be realized. Nonetheless, political parties were legalized in 2005. In June 2008, a constituent assembly - termed the \"Special Majlis\" - finalized a new constitution, which was ratified by the president in August. The first-ever presidential elections under a multi-candidate, multi-party system were held in October 2008. GAYOOM was defeated in a runoff poll by Mohamed NASHEED, a political activist who had been jailed several years earlier by the former regime. President NASHEED faced a number of challenges including strengthening democracy and combating poverty and drug abuse. In early February 2012, after several weeks of street protests following his sacking of a top judge, NASHEED resigned the presidency and handed over power to Vice President Mohammed WAHEED Hassan Maniku. In mid-2012, the Commission of National Inquiry was set by the Government to probe events leading to the regime change. Though no evidence of a coup was found, the report recommended the need to strengthen the country's democratic institutions to avert similar events in the future, and to further investigate alleged police misconduct during the crisis. Maldives officials have played a prominent role in international climate change discussions (due to the islands' low elevation and the threat from sea-level rise) on the United Nations Human Rights Council, and in encouraging regional cooperation, especially between India and Pakistan." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southern Asia, group of atolls in the Indian Ocean, south-southwest of India" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "3 15 N, 73 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Asia" - }, - "area": { - "total": "298 sq km", - "land": "298 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "about 1.7 times the size of Washington, DC" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "644 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines", - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; hot, humid; dry, northeast monsoon (November to March); rainy, southwest monsoon (June to August)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "flat, with white sandy beaches" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Indian Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "unnamed location on Viligili in the Addu Atholhu 2.4 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "fish" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "10%", - "permanent_crops": "10%", - "other": "80% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "0 sq km NA (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "0.03 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.01 cu km/yr (95%/5%/0%)", - "per_capita": "18.44 cu m/yr (2008)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "tsunamis; low elevation of islands makes them sensitive to sea level rise" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "depletion of freshwater aquifers threatens water supplies; global warming and sea level rise; coral reef bleaching" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "1,190 coral islands grouped into 26 atolls (200 inhabited islands, plus 80 islands with tourist resorts); archipelago with strategic location astride and along major sea lanes in Indian Ocean" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Maldivian(s)", - "adjective": "Maldivian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "South Indians, Sinhalese, Arabs" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Dhivehi (official, dialect of Sinhala, script derived from Arabic), English (spoken by most government officials)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Sunni Muslim (official)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "393,988 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "21.1% (male 42,352/female 40,686)", - "15_24_years": "24.2% (male 56,016/female 39,443)", - "25_54_years": "46% (male 108,025/female 73,074)", - "55_64_years": "4.5% (male 9,379/female 8,431)", - "65_years_and_over": "4.2% (male 7,961/female 8,621) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "50.8 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "43.3 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "7.4 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "13.4 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "26.7 years", - "male": "27 years", - "female": "26.2 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.11% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "15.38 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "3.8 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-12.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "41.2% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "3.91% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "MALE (capital) 120,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.44 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.53 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.17 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.94 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.34 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "23.9", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2009 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "60 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "25.5 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "27.95 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "22.93 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "74.92 years", - "male": "72.65 years", - "female": "77.31 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.78 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "34.7% (2009)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "6.3% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.6 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "4.3 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 97% of population; total: 98% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 3% of population; total: 2% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 97% of population; total: 97% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 3% of population; total: 3% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "less than 0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "12.9% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "17.8% (2009)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "7.2% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "98.4%", - "male": "98.4%", - "female": "98.4% (2006 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "13 years", - "male": "12 years", - "female": "13 years (2003)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "22.2%", - "male": "15.5%", - "female": "30.5% (2006)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Maldives", - "conventional_short_form": "Maldives", - "local_long_form": "Dhivehi Raajjeyge Jumhooriyyaa", - "local_short_form": "Dhivehi Raajje" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Male", - "geographic_coordinates": "4 10 N, 73 30 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "7 provinces and 1 municipality*; Dhekunu (South), Maale*, Mathi Dhekunu (Upper South), Mathi Uthuru (Upper North), Medhu (Central), Medhu Dhekunu (South Central), Medhu Uthuru (North Central), Uthuru (North)" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "26 July 1965 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 26 July (1965)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "new constitution ratified 7 August 2008" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "Islamic religious legal system with English common law influences, primarily in commercial matters" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Mohamed WAHEED Hassan Maniku (since 7 February 2012); Vice President Mohamed Waheed DEEN (since 22 February 2012); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Mohamed WAHEED Hassan Maniku (since 7 February 2012)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet of Ministers is appointed by the president", - "elections": "president elected by direct vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 7 September 2013 with a second round vote scheduled for 28 September 2013 (next election to be held in 2018)", - "election_results": "7 September 2013 first round results: Mohamed NASHEED 45.45%, Abdulla YAMIN 25.35%, Qasim IBRAHIM 24.07%, Mohamed Waheed HASSAN (incumbent) 5.1%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament or People's Majlis (77 seats; members elected by direct vote to serve five-year terms); note - the Majlis in February 2009 passed legislation that increased the number of seats to 77 from 50", - "elections": "last held on 9 May 2009 (next to be held in 2014)", - "election_results": "percent of vote - NA; seats by party as of February 2013 - MDP 29, PPM 18, DRP 14, JP 6, PA 2, DQP 1, independents 7" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 6 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the president in consultation with the Judicial Service Commission - a separate body of selected high government officials and the public - and upon confirmation by voting members of the People's Council; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 70", - "subordinate_courts": "High Court; Criminal, Civil, Family, Juvenile, and Drug Courts; Magistrate Courts (on each of the inhabited islands)" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Adhaalath (Justice) Party or AP [Sheikh Imran ABDULLA]; Dhivehi Qaumee Party or DQP [Hassan SAEED]; Dhivehi Rayyithunge Party (Maldivian People's Party) or DRP [Ahmed THASMEEN Ali]; Gaumee Itthihaad Party (National Unity Party) or GIP [Mohamed WAHEED]; Islamic Democratic Party or IDP; Maldives Development Alliance or MDA [Ahmed SIYAM]; Maldives National Congress or MNC [Ali AMJAD]; Maldives Reform Movement or MRM [Mohamed MUNAWWAR]; Maldivian Democratic Party or MDP [Moosa MANIKU]; Maldivian Labor Party or MLP [Ahmed MOOSA]; Maldivian Social Democratic Party or MSDP [Reeko Ibrahim MANIKU]; Meedhu Dhaaira; People's Alliance or PA [Moosa ZAMEERI]; People's Party or PP [Ahmed RIYAZ]; Poverty Alleviation Party or PAP; Progressive Party of Maldives or PPM [Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM]; Republican (Jumhooree) Party or JP [Gasim IBRAHIM]; Social Liberal Party or SLP [Mazian RASHEED]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "other": "various unregistered political parties" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB, AOSIS, C, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Ahmed SAREER", - "chancery": "800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400E, New York, NY 10017", - "telephone": "[1] (212) 599-6194", - "fax": "[1] (212) 599-6195" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Maldives; the US Ambassador to Sri Lanka, Ambassador Michele J. SISON, is accredited to Maldives and makes periodic visits" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "red with a large green rectangle in the center bearing a vertical white crescent moon; the closed side of the crescent is on the hoist side of the flag; red recalls those who have sacrificed their lives in defense of their country, the green rectangle represents peace and prosperity, and the white crescent signifies Islam" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "coconut palm, yellowfin tuna" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Gaumee Salaam\" (National Salute)", - "lyrics_music": "Mohamed Jameel DIDI/Wannakuwattawaduge DON AMARADEVA", - "note": "lyrics adopted 1948, music adopted 1972; between 1948 and 1972, the lyrics were sung to the tune of \"Auld Lang Syne\"" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Tourism, Maldives' largest economic activity, accounts for 28% of GDP and more than 60% of foreign exchange receipts. Fishing is the second leading sector, but the fish catch has dropped sharply in recent years. Agriculture and manufacturing continue to play a lesser role in the economy, constrained by the limited availability of cultivable land and the shortage of domestic labor. Lower than expected tourist arrivals and fish exports, combined with high government spending on social needs, subsidies, and civil servant salaries contributed to a balance of payments crisis, which was temporarily eased with a $79.3 million IMF Stand-By agreement. However, after the first two disbursements, the IMF withheld subsequent disbursements due to concerns over Maldives' growing budget deficit, and the government has been seeking other sources of budgetary support ever since. A new Goods and Services Tax (GST) on tourism introduced in January 2011, on general goods and services in October 2011, and a new Business Profit Tax introduced in July 2011 have provided a boost to revenue. Economic growth slowed to 3.4% of GDP in 2012, compared to 7.0% in 2011 because of slower tourist arrivals and weak global conditions. Diversifying the economy beyond tourism and fishing, reforming public finance, increasing employment opportunities, and combating corruption, cronyism, and a growing drug problem are major near-term challenges facing the government. Gross foreign reserves at the end of November 2012 were approximately $356 million, compared with $326 million in 2011, and were sufficient to finance only 2.6 months of imports. Over the longer term Maldivian authorities worry about the impact of erosion and possible global warming on their low-lying country; 80% of the area is 1 meter or less above sea level." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$3.106 billion (2012 est.); $3.001 billion (2011 est.); $2.803 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$2.209 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.5% (2012 est.); 7% (2011 est.); 7.1% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$9,400 (2012 est.); $9,200 (2011 est.); $8,800 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "3%", - "industry": "17%", - "services": "80% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "coconuts, corn, sweet potatoes; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "tourism, fish processing, shipping, boat building, coconut processing, woven mats, rope, handicrafts, coral and sand mining" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.9% (2004 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "152,500 (2010)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "11%", - "industry": "23%", - "services": "65% (2006 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "28% (2012 est.); 14.5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "16% (2008)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1.2%", - "highest_10%": "33.3% (FY09/10)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$638 million", - "expenditures": "$917 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "28.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-12.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "5.1% (2012 est.); 16.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "7% (31 December 2012 est.); 6.96% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "10.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 10.2% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$547.1 million (31 December 2012 est.); $531.4 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$1.298 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.237 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$1.559 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.601 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$555 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$600 million (2012 est.); $437 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$283 million (2012 est.); $316 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "fish" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "France 18.6%, Thailand 15.5%, UK 11.2%, Sri Lanka 10%, US 9.2%, Italy 8%, Germany 6.3% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$1.406 billion (2012 est.); $1.314 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "petroleum products, clothing, intermediate and capital goods" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Singapore 21.4%, UAE 20.3%, India 9.5%, Malaysia 7.5%, China 5.9%, Thailand 5.6%, Sri Lanka 5.1% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$356 million (30 November 2012 est.); $326 million (30 November 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$890.8 million (2012 est.); $684.2 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "rufiyaa (MVR) per US dollar -; 15.39 (2011); 14.602 (2011); 12.8 (2008); 12.8 (2007)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "300 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "279 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "62,010 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "6,875 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "6,088 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "919,000 Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "24,100 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "530,400 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "telephone services have improved; inter-atoll communication through microwave links; all inhabited islands and resorts are connected with telephone and fax service", - "domestic": "each island now has at least 1 public telephone, and there are mobile-cellular networks with a rapidly expanding subscribership that has reached 135 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 960; linked to international submarine cable Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); satellite earth station - 3 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-owned radio and TV monopoly until recently; state-owned TV operates 2 channels; 3 privately owned TV stations; state owns Voice of Maldives and operates both an entertainment and a music-based station; 5 privately owned radio stations (2012)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".mv" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "3,296 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "86,400 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "9 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "7", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "4 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "2", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "88 km", - "paved_roads": "88 km - 60 km in Male; 14 km on Addu Atolis; 14 km on Laamu", - "note": "island roads are mainly compacted coral (2013)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "18", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 1, cargo 14, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 2", - "foreign_owned": "4 (Singapore 4)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "4 (Panama 2, Tuvalu 1, unknown 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Male" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Maldives National Defense Force (MNDF): Marine Corps, Security Protection Group, Coast Guard (2010)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-28 years of age for voluntary service; no conscription; 10th grade or equivalent education required; must not be a member of a political party (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "156,319", - "females_age_16_49": "98,815 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "135,374", - "females_age_16_49": "85,181 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "4,167", - "female": "3,595 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "5% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "military_note": { - "text": "the Maldives National Defense Force (MNDF), with its small size and with little serviceable equipment, is inadequate to prevent external aggression and is primarily tasked to reinforce the Maldives Police Service (MPS) and ensure security in the exclusive economic zone (2008)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Maldives is a destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking and a source country for Maldivian children subjected to human trafficking within the country; Bangladeshi and Indian migrants working both legally and illegally in the construction and service sectors face conditions of forced labor, including fraudulent recruitment, confiscation of identity and travel documents, nonpayment of wages, and debt bondage; a small number of women from Sri Lanka, Thailand, India, China, the Philippines, Bangladesh, Eastern Europe, and former Soviet states are trafficked to Maldives for sexual exploitation; some Maldivian children are transported to the capital for forced domestic service, where they may also be sexually abused", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Maldives does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; the government does not have laws prohibiting all human trafficking offenses but introduced an anti-trafficking law to the legislature in December 2012, approved an anti-trafficking plan for 2012-13, and formed an anti-trafficking steering committee in May 2012; the government reported that it prosecuted some sex trafficking cases but did not take concrete actions to protect trafficking victims and prevent trafficking; the government continues to lack systematic procedures for identifying trafficking victims among vulnerable populations and referring them to protective services; officials continue to confuse human trafficking with human smuggling and the presence of undocumented migrants (2013)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/asia/my-malaysia.json b/asia/my-malaysia.json deleted file mode 100644 index 39f707f5..00000000 --- a/asia/my-malaysia.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,639 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "During the late 18th and 19th centuries, Great Britain established colonies and protectorates in the area of current Malaysia; these were occupied by Japan from 1942 to 1945. In 1948, the British-ruled territories on the Malay Peninsula except Singapore formed the Federation of Malaya, which became independent in 1957. Malaysia was formed in 1963 when the former British colonies of Singapore, as well as Sabah and Sarawak on the northern coast of Borneo, joined the Federation. The first several years of the country's independence were marred by a communist insurgency, Indonesian confrontation with Malaysia, Philippine claims to Sabah, and Singapore's withdrawal in 1965. During the 22-year term of Prime Minister MAHATHIR bin Mohamad (1981-2003), Malaysia was successful in diversifying its economy from dependence on exports of raw materials to the development of manufacturing, services, and tourism. Prime Minister Mohamed NAJIB bin Abdul Razak (in office since April 2009) has continued these pro-business policies and has introduced some civil reforms." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southeastern Asia, peninsula bordering Thailand and northern one-third of the island of Borneo, bordering Indonesia, Brunei, and the South China Sea, south of Vietnam" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "2 30 N, 112 30 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Southeast Asia" - }, - "area": { - "total": "329,847 sq km", - "land": "328,657 sq km", - "water": "1,190 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than New Mexico" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "2,669 km", - "border_countries": "Brunei 381 km, Indonesia 1,782 km, Thailand 506 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "4,675 km (Peninsular Malaysia 2,068 km, East Malaysia 2,607 km)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation; specified boundary in the South China Sea" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; annual southwest (April to October) and northeast (October to February) monsoons" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "coastal plains rising to hills and mountains" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Indian Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Gunung Kinabalu 4,100 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "tin, petroleum, timber, copper, iron ore, natural gas, bauxite" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "5.44%", - "permanent_crops": "17.49%", - "other": "77.07% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "3,800 sq km (2009)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "580 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "11.2 cu km/yr (35%/43%/22%)", - "per_capita": "414 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "flooding; landslides; forest fires" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "air pollution from industrial and vehicular emissions; water pollution from raw sewage; deforestation; smoke/haze from Indonesian forest fires" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location along Strait of Malacca and southern South China Sea" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Malaysian(s)", - "adjective": "Malaysian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Malay 50.4%, Chinese 23.7%, indigenous 11%, Indian 7.1%, others 7.8% (2004 est.)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Bahasa Malaysia (official), English, Chinese (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai", - "note": "in East Malaysia there are several indigenous languages; most widely spoken are Iban and Kadazan" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim (or Islam - official) 60.4%, Buddhist 19.2%, Christian 9.1%, Hindu 6.3%, Confucianism, Taoism, other traditional Chinese religions 2.6%, other or unknown 1.5%, none 0.8% (2000 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "29,628,392 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "29.1% (male 4,433,911/female 4,186,635)", - "15_24_years": "17% (male 2,552,709/female 2,487,366)", - "25_54_years": "41.3% (male 6,195,754/female 6,027,160)", - "55_64_years": "7.4% (male 1,112,529/female 1,069,036)", - "65_years_and_over": "5.3% (male 739,696/female 823,596) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "45.9 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "38.1 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "7.8 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "12.8 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "27.4 years", - "male": "27.2 years", - "female": "27.6 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.51% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "20.41 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "4.97 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.35 migrant(s)/1,000 population", - "note": "does not reflect net flow of an unknown number of illegal immigrants from other countries in the region (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "72.8% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.49% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "KUALA LUMPUR (capital) 1.493 million; Klang 1.071 million; Johor Bahru 958,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.89 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.03 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "29 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "14.12 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "16.32 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "11.77 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "74.28 years", - "male": "71.51 years", - "female": "77.24 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.61 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "49% (2004)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "4.4% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.94 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.8 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 99% of population; total: 100% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 1% of population; total: 0% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 96% of population; rural: 95% of population; total: 96% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 4% of population; rural: 5% of population; total: 4% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.5% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "100,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "5,800 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "intermediate", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea", - "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever", - "water_contact_disease": "leptospirosis", - "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "14% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "12.9% (2006)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.1% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "93.1%", - "male": "95.4%", - "female": "90.7% (2010 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "13 years", - "male": "12 years", - "female": "13 years (2005)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "11.3% (2010)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "none", - "conventional_short_form": "Malaysia", - "local_long_form": "none", - "local_short_form": "Malaysia", - "former": "Federation of Malaya" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "constitutional monarchy", - "note": "nominally headed by paramount ruler (commonly referred to as the king) and a bicameral Parliament consisting of a nonelected upper house and an elected lower house; all Peninsular Malaysian states have hereditary rulers (commonly referred to as sultans) except Melaka (Malacca) and Pulau Pinang (Penang); those two states along with Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia have governors appointed by government; powers of state governments are limited by federal constitution; under terms of federation, Sabah and Sarawak retain certain constitutional prerogatives (e.g., right to maintain their own immigration controls)" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Kuala Lumpur", - "geographic_coordinates": "3 10 N, 101 42 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "note": "Putrajaya is referred to as an administrative center not the capital; Parliament meets in Kuala Lumpur" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "13 states (negeri-negeri, singular - negeri); Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Perlis, Pulau Pinang, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor, Terengganu; and 1 federal territory (Wilayah Persekutuan) with 3 components, Kuala Lumpur, Labuan, and Putrajaya" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "31 August 1957 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day 31 August (1957) (independence of Malaya); Malaysia Day 16 September (1963) (formation of Malaysia)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "31 August 1957; amended many times" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law, Islamic law, and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court at request of supreme head of the federation" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "21 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "King Tuanku ABDUL HALIM Mu'adzam Shah (selected on 13 December 2011; installed on 11 April 2012); the position of the king is primarily ceremonial", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Mohamed NAJIB bin Abdul Najib Razak (since 3 April 2009); Deputy Prime Minister MUHYIDDIN bin Mohamed Yassin (since 9 April 2009)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the prime minister from among the members of Parliament with consent of the king", - "elections": "kings are elected by and from the hereditary rulers of nine of the states for five-year terms; selection is based on the principle of rotation among rulers of states; elections were last held on 14 October 2011 (next to be held in 2016); prime ministers are designated from among the members of the House of Representatives; following legislative elections, the leader who commands the support of the majority of members in the House becomes prime minister (since independence this has been the leader of the UMNO party)", - "election_results": "Tuanku Abdul HALIM Mu'adzam Shah elected king by fellow hereditary rulers of nine states; Mohamed NAJIB bin Abdul Najib Razak was sworn in as prime minister after former Prime Minister ABDULLAH Ahmad Badawi stepped down; ABDULLAH also stepped down as UMNO president; there was no party election for the post of president; the party passed the reins to NAJIB who was the deputy president" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlimen consists of Senate or Dewan Negara (70 seats; 44 members appointed by the king, 26 elected by 13 state legislatures to serve three-year terms with a two term limit) and House of Representatives or Dewan Rakyat (222 seats; members elected in 222 constituencies in a first-pass-the-post system to serve up to five-year terms)", - "elections": "House of Representatives - last held on 5 May 2013 (next to be held by May 2018)", - "election_results": "House of Representatives - percent of vote - BN coalition 59.9%, opposition parties 40%, others 0.1%; seats - BN coalition 133, opposition parties 89" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Federal Court (consists of the chief justice and 4 judges) note - Malaysia has a dual judicial hierarchy of civil and religious (sharia) courts", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Federal Court justices appointed by the monarch on advice of the prime minister; judges serve till age 65", - "subordinate_courts": "Court of Appeal; High Court; Sessions Court; Magistrates' Court" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "national_front_barisan_nasional_or_bn_ruling_coalition_consists_of_the_following_parties": "Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia Party or GERAKAN [KOH Tsu Koon]; Liberal Democratic Party (Parti Liberal Demokratik - Sabah) or LDP [LIEW Vui Keong]; Malaysian Chinese Association (Persatuan China Malaysia) or MCA [CHUA Soi Lek]; Malaysian Indian Congress (Kongres India Malaysia) or MIC [Govindasamy PALANIVEL]; Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah or PBRS [Joseph KURUP]; Parti Bersatu Sabah or PBS [Joseph PAIRIN Kitingan]; Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu or PBB [Abdul TAIB Mahmud]; Parti Rakyat Sarawak or PRS [James MASING]; Sarawak United People's Party (Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sarawak) or SUPP [Peter CHIN Fah Kui]; United Malays National Organization or UMNO [NAJIB bin Abdul Razak]; United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organization (Pertubuhan Pasko Momogun Kadazan Dusun Bersatu) or UPKO [Bernard DOMPOK]; People's Progressive Party (Parti Progresif Penduduk Malaysia) or PPP [M.Kayveas]; ", - "people_s_alliance_pakatan_rakyat_or_pr_opposition_coalition_consists_of_the_following_parties": "Democratic Action Party (Parti Tindakan Demokratik) or DAP [KARPAL Singh]; Islamic Party of Malaysia (Parti Islam se Malaysia) or PAS [Abdul HADI Awang; People's Justice Party (Parti Keadilan Rakyat) or PKR [WAN AZIZAH Wan Ismail]; Sarawak National Party or SNAP [Edwin DUNDANG]; ", - "notable_independent_parties": "Sabah Progressive Party (Parti Progresif Sabah) or SAPP [YONG Teck Lee]; State Reform Pary (Parti Reformasi Negeri) or STAR [Jeffery KITINGAN]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Bar Council; BERSIH (electoral reform coalition); PEMBELA (Muslim NGO coalition); PERKASA (defense of Malay rights); ", - "other": "religious groups; women's groups; youth groups" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, BIS, C, CICA (observer), CP, D-8, EAS, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, PIF (partner), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador OTHMAN Bin Hashim", - "chancery": "3516 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 572-9700", - "fax": "[1] (202) 572-9882", - "consulates_general": "Los Angeles, New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Lee MCCLENNY", - "embassy": "376 Jalan Tun Razak, 50400 Kuala Lumpur", - "mailing_address": "US Embassy Kuala Lumpur, APO AP 96535-8152", - "telephone": "[60] (3) 2168-5000", - "fax": "[60] (3) 2148-5801" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "14 equal horizontal stripes of red (top) alternating with white (bottom); there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a yellow crescent and a yellow 14-pointed star; the flag is often referred to as Jalur Gemilang (Stripes of Glory); the 14 stripes stand for the equal status in the federation of the 13 member states and the federal government; the 14 points on the star represent the unity between these entities; the crescent is a traditional symbol of Islam; blue symbolizes the unity of the Malay people and yellow is the royal color of Malay rulers", - "note": "the design is based on the flag of the US" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "tiger" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Negaraku\" (My Country)", - "lyrics_music": "collective, led by Tunku ABDUL RAHMAN/Pierre Jean DE BERANGER", - "note": "adopted 1957; the full version is only performed in the presence of the king; the tune, which was adopted from a popular French melody titled \"La Rosalie,\" was originally the anthem of the state of Perak" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Malaysia, a middle-income country, has transformed itself since the 1970s from a producer of raw materials into an emerging multi-sector economy. Under current Prime Minister NAJIB, Malaysia is attempting to achieve high-income status by 2020 and to move farther up the value-added production chain by attracting investments in Islamic finance, high technology industries, biotechnology, and services. NAJIB's Economic Transformation Program (ETP) is a series of projects and policy measures intended to accelerate the country's economic growth. The government has also taken steps to liberalize some services sub-sectors. The NAJIB administration also is continuing efforts to boost domestic demand and reduce the economy''s dependence on exports. Nevertheless, exports - particularly of electronics, oil and gas, palm oil and rubber - remain a significant driver of the economy. As an oil and gas exporter, Malaysia has profited from higher world energy prices, although the rising cost of domestic gasoline and diesel fuel, combined with strained government finances, has forced Kuala Lumpur to begin to reduce government subsidies. The government is also trying to lessen its dependence on state oil producer Petronas. The oil and gas sector supplies about 35% of government revenue in 2011. Bank Negera Malaysia (central bank) maintains healthy foreign exchange reserves, and a well-developed regulatory regime has limited Malaysia''s exposure to riskier financial instruments and the global financial crisis. Nevertheless, Malaysia could be vulnerable to a fall in commodity prices or a general slowdown in global economic activity because exports are a major component of GDP. In order to attract increased investment, NAJIB has raised possible revisions to the special economic and social preferences accorded to ethnic Malays under the New Economic Policy of 1970, but he has encountered significant opposition, especially from Malay nationalists and other vested interests." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$506.7 billion (2012 est.); $479.7 billion (2011 est.); $456.5 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$303.5 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "5.6% (2012 est.); 5.1% (2011 est.); 7.2% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$17,200 (2012 est.); $16,600 (2011 est.); $16,000 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "34% of GDP (2012 est.); 34.3% of GDP (2011 est.); 34.3% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "48.9%", - "government_consumption": "13.5%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "25.7%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.1%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "87.1%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-75.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "11.4%", - "industry": "40.2%", - "services": "48.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "Peninsular Malaysia - palm oil, rubber, cocoa, rice; Sabah - palm oil, subsistence crops; rubber, timber; Sarawak - palm oil, rubber, timber; pepper" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "Peninsular Malaysia - rubber and oil palm processing and manufacturing, petroleum and natural gas, light manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, medical technology, electronics and semi-conductors, timber processing; Sabah - logging, petroleum and natural gas production; Sarawak - agriculture processing, petroleum and natural gas production, logging" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "12.9 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "11.1%", - "industry": "36%", - "services": "53.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "3% (2012 est.); 3.1% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "3.8% (2009 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1.8%", - "highest_10%": "34.7% (2009 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "46.2 (2009); 49.2 (1997)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$67.31 billion", - "expenditures": "$80.89 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "22.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-4.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "53.3% of GDP (2012 est.); 51.6% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "this figure is based on the amount of federal government debt, RM501.6 billion ($167.2 billion) in 2012; this includes Malaysian Treasury bills and other government securities, as well as loans raised externally and bonds and notes issued overseas; this figure excludes debt issued by non-financial public enterprises and guaranteed by the federal government, which was an additional $47.7 billion in 2012" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "1.7% (2012 est.); 3.2% (2011 est.)", - "note": "approximately 30% of goods are price-controlled" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "3% (31 December 2011); 2.83% (31 December 2010)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "4.7% (31 December 2012 est.); 4.83% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$93.89 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $81.28 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$458.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $382.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$410.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $354.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$414 billion (31 December 2011); $410.5 billion (31 December 2010); $256 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$22.8 billion (2012 est.); $32.03 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$247 billion (2012 est.); $227.6 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "semiconductors and electronic equipment, palm oil, petroleum and liquefied natural gas, wood and wood products, palm oil, rubber, textiles, chemicals, solar panels" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Singapore 13.6%, China 12.6%, Japan 11.8%, US 8.7%, Thailand 5.4%, Hong Kong 4.3%, India 4.2%, Australia 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$181.6 billion (2012 est.); $179.2 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "electronics, machinery, petroleum products, plastics, vehicles, iron and steel products, chemicals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 15.1%, Singapore 13.3%, Japan 10.3%, US 8.1%, Thailand 6%, Indonesia 5.1%, South Korea 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$139.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $133.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$99.93 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $94.47 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$125.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $114.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$119.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $106.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "ringgits (MYR) per US dollar -; 3.0888 (2012 est.); 3.06 (2011 est.); 3.22 (2010 est.); 3.52 (2009); 3.33 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "118 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "112 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "88 million kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "33 million kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "25.24 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "91.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "8.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "603,400 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "269,000 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "199,100 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "2.9 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "649,700 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "542,900 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "213,800 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "178,200 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "66.5 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "35.7 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "31.99 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "2.94 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "2.35 trillion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "181.9 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "4.243 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "36.661 million (2012)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "modern system featuring good intercity service on Peninsular Malaysia provided mainly by microwave radio relay and an adequate intercity microwave radio relay network between Sabah and Sarawak via Brunei; international service excellent", - "domestic": "domestic satellite system with 2 earth stations; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 140 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 60; landing point for several major international submarine cable networks that provide connectivity to Asia, Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean, 1 Pacific Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-owned TV broadcaster operates 2 TV networks with relays throughout the country, and the leading private commercial media group operates 4 TV stations with numerous relays throughout the country; satellite TV subscription service is available; state-owned radio broadcaster operates multiple national networks as well as regional and local stations; many private commercial radio broadcasters and some subscription satellite radio services are available; about 55 radio stations overall (2012)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".my" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "422,470 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "15.355 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "114 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "39", - "over_3_047_m": "8", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "8", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "7", - "914_to_1_523_m": "8", - "under_914_m": "8 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "75", - "914_to_1_523_m": "6", - "under_914_m": "69 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "4 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "condensate 354 km; gas 6,439 km; liquid petroleum gas 155 km; oil 1,937 km; oil/gas/water 43 km; refined products 114 km; water 26 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "1,849 km", - "standard_gauge": "57 km 1.435-m gauge (57 km electrified)", - "narrow_gauge": "1,792 km 1.000-m gauge (150 km electrified) (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "98,721 km", - "paved": "80,280 km (includes 1,821 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "18,441 km (2004)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "7,200 km (Peninsular Malaysia 3,200 km; Sabah 1,500 km; Sarawak 2,500 km) (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "315", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 11, cargo 83, carrier 2, chemical tanker 47, container 41, liquefied gas 34, passenger/cargo 4, petroleum tanker 86, roll on/roll off 2, vehicle carrier 5", - "foreign_owned": "26 (Denmark 1, Hong Kong 8, Japan 2, Russia 2, Singapore 13)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "82 (Bahamas 13, India 1, Indonesia 1, Isle of Man 6, Malta 1, Marshall Islands 11, Panama 12, Papua New Guinea 1, Philippines 1, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, Singapore 27, Thailand 3, US 2, unknown 2) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Bintulu, Johor Bahru, George Town (Penang), Port Kelang (Port Klang), Tanjung Pelepas" - }, - "transportation_note": { - "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports that the territorial and offshore waters in the Strait of Malacca and South China Sea remain high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; in the past, commercial vessels have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; hijacked vessels are often disguised and cargo diverted to ports in East Asia; crews have been murdered or cast adrift; increased naval patrols since 2005 in the Strait of Malacca resulted in no reported incidents in 2010" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Malaysian Armed Forces (Angkatan Tentera Malaysia, ATM): Malaysian Army (Tentera Darat Malaysia), Royal Malaysian Navy (Tentera Laut Diraja Malaysia, TLDM), Royal Malaysian Air Force (Tentera Udara Diraja Malaysia, TUDM) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "17 years 6 months of age for voluntary military service (younger with parental consent and proof of age); mandatory retirement age 60; women serve in the Malaysian Armed Forces; no conscription (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "7,501,518", - "females_age_16_49": "7,315,999 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "6,247,306", - "females_age_16_49": "6,175,274 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "265,008", - "female": "254,812 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "2.03% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "while the 2002 \"Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea\" has eased tensions over the Spratly Islands, it is not the legally binding \"code of conduct\" sought by some parties; Malaysia was not party to the March 2005 joint accord among the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam on conducting marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands; disputes continue over deliveries of fresh water to Singapore, Singapore's land reclamation, bridge construction, and maritime boundaries in the Johor and Singapore Straits; in 2008, ICJ awarded sovereignty of Pedra Branca (Pulau Batu Puteh/Horsburgh Island) to Singapore, and Middle Rocks to Malaysia, but did not rule on maritime regimes, boundaries, or disposition of South Ledge; land and maritime negotiations with Indonesia are ongoing, and disputed areas include the controversial Tanjung Datu and Camar Wulan border area in Borneo and the maritime boundary in the Ambalat oil block in the Celebes Sea; separatist violence in Thailand's predominantly Muslim southern provinces prompts measures to close and monitor border with Malaysia to stem terrorist activities; Philippines retains a dormant claim to Malaysia's Sabah State in northern Borneo; per Letters of Exchange signed in 2009, Malaysia in 2010 ceded two hydrocarbon concession blocks to Brunei in exchange for Brunei's sultan dropping claims to the Limbang corridor, which divides Brunei; piracy remains a problem in the Malacca Strait" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "84,671 (Burma) (2012)", - "stateless_persons": "40,001 (2012); note - Malaysia's stateless population consists of Rohingya refugees from Burma, ethnic Indians, and the children of Filipino and Indonesian illegal migrants; Burma stripped the Rohingya of their nationality in 1982; Filipino and Indonesian children who have not have been registered for birth certificates by their parents or who received birth certificates stamped \"foreigner\" are not eligible to go to government schools; these children are vulnerable to statelessness should they not be able to apply to their parents' country of origin for a passport" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Malaysia is a destination and, to a lesser extent, a source and transit country for women and children subjected to conditions of forced labor and women and children subjected to sex trafficking; Malaysia is mainly a destination country for foreign workers who migrate willingly from countries including Indonesia, Nepal, India, Thailand, China, the Philippines, Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Vietnam but subsequently encounter forced labor or debt bondage at the hands of their employers in the domestic, agricultural, construction, plantation, and industrial sectors; a small number of Malaysian citizens were reportedly trafficked internally and abroad to Singapore, China, and Japan for commercial sexual exploitation; refugees are also vulnerable to trafficking; some officials are reportedly complicit in facilitating trafficking", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Malaysia does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government has made no tangible improvements to its inadequate system for identifying and protecting trafficking victims, such as amending its laws to allow victims to reside in NGO shelters; trafficking victims identified by Malaysian authorities are forcibly detained in government facilities, where they are provided with limited, if any, access to legal or psychological assistance by the government or NGOs; increasing efforts are being made to investigate and prosecute trafficking offenders, notably in the area of labor trafficking, though convictions of sex trafficking offenders has decreased; many front-line officials continue to lack the ability to recognize indicators of human trafficking, hindering the investigation of cases and the identification of victims; although the confiscation of passports by employers is illegal, the government has not prosecuted any employers who confiscated migrants' passports or travel documents or confined them to the workplace (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "drug trafficking prosecuted vigorously and carries severe penalties; heroin still primary drug of abuse, but synthetic drug demand remains strong; continued ecstasy and methamphetamine producer for domestic users and, to a lesser extent, the regional drug market" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/asia/np-nepal.json b/asia/np-nepal.json deleted file mode 100644 index 6642848d..00000000 --- a/asia/np-nepal.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,601 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "In 1951, the Nepali monarch ended the century-old system of rule by hereditary premiers and instituted a cabinet system of government. Reforms in 1990 established a multiparty democracy within the framework of a constitutional monarchy. An insurgency led by Maoist extremists broke out in 1996. The ensuing 10-year civil war between insurgents and government forces witnessed the dissolution of the cabinet and parliament and assumption of absolute power by the king. Several weeks of mass protests in April 2006 were followed by several months of peace negotiations between the Maoists and government officials, and culminated in a November 2006 peace accord and the promulgation of an interim constitution. Following a nationwide election in April 2008, the newly formed Constituent Assembly (CA) declared Nepal a federal democratic republic and abolished the monarchy at its first meeting the following month. The CA elected the country's first president in July. Between 2008 and 2011 there have been four different coalition governments, led twice by the United Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist, which received a plurality of votes in the Constituent Assembly election, and twice by the Communist Party of Nepal-United Marxist-Leninist. In August 2011, Baburam BHATTARAI of the United Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) became prime minister. After the CA failed to draft a constitution by the May 2012 deadline, BHATTARAI dissolved the CA and called for new elections. Months of negotiations failed to produce a new election date. Finally, in March 2013, the chief justice of Nepal's Supreme Court, Khil Raj REGMI, was sworn in as Chairman of the Interim Council of Ministers for Elections to lead an interim government and charged with holding Constituent Assembly elections by December 2013." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southern Asia, between China and India" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "28 00 N, 84 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Asia" - }, - "area": { - "total": "147,181 sq km", - "land": "143,351 sq km", - "water": "3,830 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than Arkansas" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "2,926 km", - "border_countries": "China 1,236 km, India 1,690 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "varies from cool summers and severe winters in north to subtropical summers and mild winters in south" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "Tarai or flat river plain of the Ganges in south, central hill region, rugged Himalayas in north" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Kanchan Kalan 70 m", - "highest_point": "Mount Everest 8,850 m (highest point in Asia)" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "quartz, water, timber, hydropower, scenic beauty, small deposits of lignite, copper, cobalt, iron ore" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "16%", - "permanent_crops": "0.8%", - "other": "83.2% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "11,680 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "210.2 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "9.5 cu km/yr (2%/0%/98%)", - "per_capita": "334.7 cu m/yr (2006)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "severe thunderstorms; flooding; landslides; drought and famine depending on the timing, intensity, and duration of the summer monsoons" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation (overuse of wood for fuel and lack of alternatives); contaminated water (with human and animal wastes, agricultural runoff, and industrial effluents); wildlife conservation; vehicular emissions" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Marine Life Conservation" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; strategic location between China and India; contains eight of world's 10 highest peaks, including Mount Everest and Kanchenjunga - the world's tallest and third tallest - on the borders with China and India respectively" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Nepali (singular and plural)", - "adjective": "Nepali" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Chhettri 15.5%, Brahman-Hill 12.5%, Magar 7%, Tharu 6.6%, Tamang 5.5%, Newar 5.4%, Muslim 4.2%, Kami 3.9%, Yadav 3.9%, other 32.7%, unspecified 2.8% (2001 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Nepali (official) 47.8%, Maithali 12.1%, Bhojpuri 7.4%, Tharu (Dagaura/Rana) 5.8%, Tamang 5.1%, Newar 3.6%, Magar 3.3%, Awadhi 2.4%, other 10%, unspecified 2.5% (2001 census)", - "note": "many in government and business also speak English (2001 est.)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Hindu 80.6%, Buddhist 10.7%, Muslim 4.2%, Kirant 3.6%, other 0.9% (2001 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "30,430,267 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "32.6% (male 5,045,989/female 4,859,274)", - "15_24_years": "22.6% (male 3,444,428/female 3,431,127)", - "25_54_years": "34.9% (male 5,015,145/female 5,593,248)", - "55_64_years": "5.5% (male 820,014/female 860,439)", - "65_years_and_over": "4.5% (male 630,853/female 729,750) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "66.1 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "57.6 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "8.5 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "11.7 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "22.4 years", - "male": "21.7 years", - "female": "23.2 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.81% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "21.48 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "6.68 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "3.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "17% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "3.62% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "KATHMANDU (capital) 990,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.88 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.95 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.87 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.96 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "20.1", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2011 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "170 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "41.76 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "41.8 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "41.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "66.86 years", - "male": "65.57 years", - "female": "68.19 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.36 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "49.7% (2011)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "5.5% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.21 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "5 beds/1,000 population (2006)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 93% of population; rural: 88% of population; total: 89% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 7% of population; rural: 12% of population; total: 11% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 48% of population; rural: 27% of population; total: 31% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 52% of population; rural: 73% of population; total: 69% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.4% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "64,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "4,700 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_disease": "Japanese encephalitis, malaria, and dengue fever (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "1.4% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "29.1% (2011)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "4.7% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "57.4%", - "male": "71.1%", - "female": "46.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "9 years", - "male": "10 years", - "female": "8 years (2002)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "2,467,549", - "percentage": "34 % (2008 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal", - "conventional_short_form": "Nepal", - "local_long_form": "Sanghiya Loktantrik Ganatantra Nepal", - "local_short_form": "Nepal" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "federal democratic republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Kathmandu", - "geographic_coordinates": "27 43 N, 85 19 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+5.75 (10.75 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "14 zones (anchal, singular and plural); Bagmati, Bheri, Dhawalagiri, Gandaki, Janakpur, Karnali, Kosi, Lumbini, Mahakali, Mechi, Narayani, Rapti, Sagarmatha, Seti" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "1768 (unified by Prithvi Narayan SHAH)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Republic Day, 29 May" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "15 January 2007 (interim Constitution); note - in April 2008, the Constituent Assembly (CA) was elected as an interim parliament to draft and promulgate a new constitution by May 2010; the deadline was extended four times, mostly recently until May 2012 when the CA was dissolved without completing a new constitution" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "English common law and Hindu legal concepts" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Ram Baran YADAV (since 23 July 2008); Vice President Paramananda JHA (since 23 July 2008)", - "head_of_government": "note: on 14 March 2013, the chief justice of Nepal's Supreme Court, Khil Raj REGMI, was sworn in as Chairman of the Interim Council of Ministers for Elections to lead an interim government and charged with holding Constituent Assembly elections by December 2013", - "cabinet": "cabinet was formed in August-September 2011 by a majority coalition made up of the United Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist, Madhesi People's Rights Forum-Democratic, Madhesi People's Rights Forum-Republic, Madhesi People's Rights Forum-Nepal, Terai-Madhes Democratic Party, and several smaller parties", - "elections": "president elected by Parliament; term extends until the new constitution is promulgated; president elected on 21 July 2008; date of next election NA", - "election_results": "Ram Baran YADAV elected president by the Constituent Assembly in a second round of voting on 21 July 2008; Ram Baran YADAV 308, Ram Jaja Prasad SINGH 282" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "note": "in May 2012 Prime Minister Baburam BHATTARAI dissolved the previous unicameral Constituent Assembly unicameral Constituent Assembly (601 seats; 240 members elected by direct popular vote, 335 by proportional representation, and 26 appointed by the Cabinet (Council of Ministers)", - "elections": "last held on 10 April 2008; note - the Constituent Assembly failed to draft a new constitution by the 27 May 2012 deadline; as of early 2013, the parties were in negotiations to hold elections for a new Constituent Assembly", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - CPN-M 38%, NC 19%, CPN-UML 18%, Madhesi People's Right Forum-Nepal 9%, other 11%; seats by party - CPN-M 229, NC 115, CPN-UML 108, Madhesi People's Rights Forum-Nepal 54, Terai Madhes Democratic Party 21, other smaller parties 74; note - 26 seats filled by the new Cabinet are included in the totals above" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and up to 14 judges note - Nepal's judiciary was restructured under its 2007 Interim Constitution", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "the Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the prime minister on the recommendation of the Constitutional Council; other judges are appointed by the prime minister on the recommendation of the Judicial Council; judges serve until age 65", - "subordinate_courts": "appellate and district courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Chure Bhawar Rastriya Ekata Party [Himalaya Bhakta PRADHANGA]; Communist Party of Nepal-Marxist Leninist or CPN-ML [C.P. MAINALI]; Communist Party of Nepal-Marxist Leninist Samaibadi [Jaqat Bahadur BOGATI]; Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist or CPN-M [Mohan BAIDYA, also known as KIRAN]; Communist Party of Nepal-Unified [Raj Singh SHRIS]; Communist Party of Nepal-United [Chandra Dev JOSHI]; Communist Party of Nepal-Unified Marxist-Leninist or CPN-UML [Jhalanath KHANAL]; Dalit Janajati Party [Vishwendraman PASHWAN]; Federal Democratic National Forum [Khagendra MAKHAIM]; Federal Democratic National Forum - Tharuhat [Rukmini CHAUDHARY]; Federal Democratic National Party [Ravindra THING]; Federal Socialist Party [Ashok RAI]; Federal Sadbhayana Party [Anil JHAL]; Janta Dal United [Biswonath Prasad AGRAWAL]; Madhesi People's Rights Forum-Democratic [Bijay Kumar GACHHADAR]; Madhesi People's Rights Forum-Nepal [Upendra YADAV]; Madhesi People's Rights Forum-Republic [Raj Kishore YADAV]; National Madhes Socialist Party [Sharat Singh BHANDARI]; Nepal Loktantrik Samajbadi Dal [Laxmi Lal CHAUDBARY]; Nepal Pariwar Dal [Eknath DHAKAL]; Nepal Workers and Peasants Party [Narayan Man BIJUKCHHE]; Nepali Congress or NC [Sushil KOIRALA]; Nepali Janata Dal [Hari Charan SAH]; Newa Rastriya Party [Keshav Man SHAKYA]; Rastriya Janamorcha [Chitra Bahadur K.C.]; Rastriya Janamukti Party [Malwar Singh THAPA]; Rastriya Janashakti Party or RJP [Surya Bahadur THAPA]; Rastriya Prajantantra Party [Pashupati Shumsher RANA]; Rastriya Prajantantra Party Nepal [Kamal THAPA]; Sadbhavana Party [Rajendra MAHATO]; Sadbhavana Party-Anandi Devi [Sarita GIRI]; Samajbadi Prajatantrik Janata Party Nepal [Prem Bahadur SINGH]; Social Democratic Party [Chaitanya SUBBA]; Terai Madhes Democratic Party [Mahantha THAKUR]; Terai Madhes Democratic Party-Nepal [Mahendra YADAVI]; Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) [Pushpa Kamal DAHAL, also known as PRACHANDA]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "other": "small armed groups along the southern border with India; a variety of groups advocating regional autonomy for individual ethnic groups" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB, BIMSTEC, CD, CP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNMIT, UNOCI, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Shankar Prasad SHARMA", - "chancery": "2131 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 667-4550", - "fax": "[1] (202) 667-5534", - "consulates_general": "New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Peter W. BODDE", - "embassy": "Maharajgunj, Kathmandu", - "mailing_address": "use embassy street address", - "telephone": "[977] (1) 400-7200", - "fax": "[977] (1) 400-7272" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "red with a blue border around the unique shape of two overlapping right triangles; the smaller, upper triangle bears a white stylized moon and the larger, lower triangle displays a white 12-pointed sun; the color red represents the rhododendron (Nepal's national flower) and is a sign of victory and bravery, the blue border signifies peace and harmony; the two right triangles are a combination of two single pennons (pennants) that originally symbolized the Himalaya Mountains while their charges represented the families of the king (upper) and the prime minister, but today they are understood to denote Hinduism and Buddhism, the country's two main religions; the moon represents the serenity of the Nepalese people and the shade and cool weather in the Himalayas, while the sun depicts the heat and higher temperatures of the lower parts of Nepal; the moon and the sun are also said to express the hope that the nation will endure as long as these heavenly bodies", - "note": "Nepal is the only country in the world whose flag is not rectangular or square" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "rhododendron blossom" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Sayaun Thunga Phool Ka\" (Hundreds of Flowers)", - "lyrics_music": "Pradeep Kumar RAI/Ambar GURUNG", - "note": "adopted 2007; after the abolition of the monarchy in 2006, a new anthem was required because of the previous anthem's praise for the king" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Nepal is among the poorest and least developed countries in the world, with about one-quarter of its population living below the poverty line. Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy, providing a livelihood for three-fourths of the population and accounting for a little over one-third of GDP. Industrial activity mainly involves the processing of agricultural products, including pulses, jute, sugarcane, tobacco, and grain. Nepal has considerable scope for exploiting its potential in hydropower, with an estimated 42,000 MW of feasible capacity, but political instability hampers foreign investment. Additional challenges to Nepal's growth include its landlocked geographic location, civil strife and labor unrest, and its susceptibility to natural disaster." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$41.22 billion (2012 est.); $39.4 billion (2011 est.); $37.93 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$19.42 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "4.6% (2012 est.); 3.9% (2011 est.); 4.8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$1,300 (2012 est.); $1,300 (2011 est.); $1,300 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "76%", - "government_consumption": "10.7%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "20%", - "investment_in_inventories": "14.9%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "10%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-33.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "38.1%", - "industry": "15.3%", - "services": "46.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "pulses, rice, corn, wheat, sugarcane, jute, root crops; milk, water buffalo meat" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "tourism, carpets, textiles; small rice, jute, sugar, and oilseed mills; cigarettes, cement and brick production" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "18 million", - "note": "severe lack of skilled labor (2009 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "75%", - "industry": "7%", - "services": "18% (2010 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "46% (2008 est.); 42% (2004 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "25.2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.2%", - "highest_10%": "29.5% (2011)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "32.8 (2010); 47.2 (2008 est.)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$3.5 billion", - "expenditures": "$4.7 billion (FY11/12)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "18% of GDP (FY11/12)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-6.2% of GDP (FY11/12)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "16 July - 15 July" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "9.5% (2012 est.); 9.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "6% (31 December 2010 est.); 6.5% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "8% (31 December 2012 est.); 8% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$3.105 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.723 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$12.12 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $12.14 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$11.88 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $10.67 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$4.529 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $4.843 billion (31 December 2010); $5.485 billion (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$93 million (2012 est.); $49 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$1.066 billion (2012 est.); $998.9 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "clothing, pulses, carpets, textiles, juice, pashima, jute goods" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "India 55.7%, US 10.1%, Germany 4.4% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$5.92 billion (2012 est.); $5.665 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "petroleum products, machinery and equipment, gold, electrical goods, medicine" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "India 51%, China 34.5% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$3.631 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $2.925 billion (2010 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$3.956 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $3.673 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Nepalese rupees (NPR) per US dollar -; 85.197 (2012 est.); 74.02 (2011 est.); 73.16 (2010 est.); 77.44 (2009); 65.21 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "3.431 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "5.349 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "74 million kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "717,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "7.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "92.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "18,430 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "17,250 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "3.359 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "834,000 (2013)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "18.138 million (2013)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "poor telephone and telegraph service; fair radiotelephone communication service and mobile-cellular telephone network", - "domestic": "mobile-cellular telephone subscribership base is increasing with roughly 90% of the population living in areas covered by mobile carriers", - "international": "country code - 977; radiotelephone communications; microwave and fiber landlines to India; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state operates 2 TV stations as well as national and regional radio stations; roughly 30 independent TV channels are registered with only about half in regular operation; nearly 400 FM radio stations are licensed with roughly 300 operational (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".np" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "41,256 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "577,800 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "47 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "11", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", - "914_to_1_523_m": "6", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "36", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "6", - "under_914_m": "29 (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "59 km", - "narrow_gauge": "59 km 0.762-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "17,282 km", - "paved": "10,142 km", - "unpaved": "7,140 km (2007)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Nepal Army (2012)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; 15 years of age for military training; no conscription (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "6,941,152", - "females_age_16_49": "7,618,397 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "5,260,878", - "females_age_16_49": "5,947,512 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "380,172", - "female": "367,103 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.3% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "joint border commission continues to work on contested sections of boundary with India, including the 400 square kilometer dispute over the source of the Kalapani River; India has instituted a stricter border regime to restrict transit of Maoist insurgents and illegal cross-border activities" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "15,0000-20,000 (Tibet/China); about 43,000 (Bhutan) (2012)", - "idps": "50,000 (remaining from ten-year Maoist insurgency that officially ended in 2006; figure does not include people displaced since 2007 by inter-communal violence and insecurity in the Terai region) (2012)", - "stateless_persons": "800,000 (2011); note - in 2007-2008 the government distributed 2.6 million citizenship certificates to the 3.4 million people without one; the remaining 800,000 without citizenship certificates are not necessarily stateless, and the UNHCR is working with the Nepali Government to clarify their situation; lesser numbers of Bhutanese Hindu refugees of Nepali origin (the Lhotsampa) who were stripped of Bhutanese nationality and forced to flee their country in the late 1980s and early 1990s - and undocumented Tibetan refugees who arrived in Nepal prior to the 1990s - are considered stateless" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "illicit producer of cannabis and hashish for the domestic and international drug markets; transit point for opiates from Southeast Asia to the West" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/asia/ph-philippines.json b/asia/ph-philippines.json deleted file mode 100644 index 4bf9161e..00000000 --- a/asia/ph-philippines.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,634 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The Philippine Islands became a Spanish colony during the 16th century; they were ceded to the US in 1898 following the Spanish-American War. In 1935 the Philippines became a self-governing commonwealth. Manuel QUEZON was elected president and was tasked with preparing the country for independence after a 10-year transition. In 1942 the islands fell under Japanese occupation during World War II, and US forces and Filipinos fought together during 1944-45 to regain control. On 4 July 1946 the Republic of the Philippines attained its independence. A 20-year rule by Ferdinand MARCOS ended in 1986, when a \"people power\" movement in Manila (\"EDSA 1\") forced him into exile and installed Corazon AQUINO as president. Her presidency was hampered by several coup attempts that prevented a return to full political stability and economic development. Fidel RAMOS was elected president in 1992. His administration was marked by increased stability and by progress on economic reforms. In 1992, the US closed its last military bases on the islands. Joseph ESTRADA was elected president in 1998. He was succeeded by his vice-president, Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO, in January 2001 after ESTRADA's stormy impeachment trial on corruption charges broke down and another \"people power\" movement (\"EDSA 2\") demanded his resignation. MACAPAGAL-ARROYO was elected to a six-year term as president in May 2004. Her presidency was marred by several corruption allegations but the Philippine economy was one of the few to avoid contraction following the 2008 global financial crisis, expanding each year of her administration. Benigno AQUINO III was elected to a six-year term as president in May 2010. The Philippine Government faces threats from several groups, some of which are on the US Government's Foreign Terrorist Organization list. Manila has waged a decades-long struggle against ethnic Moro insurgencies in the southern Philippines, which has led to a peace accord with the Moro National Liberation Front and ongoing peace talks with the Moro Islamic Liberation Front. The decades-long Maoist-inspired New People's Army insurgency also operates through much of the country. The Philippines faces increased tension with China over disputed territorial and maritime claims in the South China Sea." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea, east of Vietnam" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "13 00 N, 122 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Southeast Asia" - }, - "area": { - "total": "300,000 sq km", - "land": "298,170 sq km", - "water": "1,830 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than Arizona" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "36,289 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "irregular polygon extending up to 100 nm from coastline as defined by 1898 treaty; since late 1970s has also claimed polygonal-shaped area in South China Sea up to 285 nm in breadth", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "to depth of exploitation" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical marine; northeast monsoon (November to April); southwest monsoon (May to October)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly mountains with narrow to extensive coastal lowlands" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Philippine Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Mount Apo 2,954 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "timber, petroleum, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, salt, copper" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "18%", - "permanent_crops": "17.33%", - "other": "64.67% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "18,790 sq km (2006)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "479 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "81.56 cu km/yr (8%/10%/82%)", - "per_capita": "859.9 cu m/yr (2009)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "astride typhoon belt, usually affected by 15 and struck by five to six cyclonic storms each year; landslides; active volcanoes; destructive earthquakes; tsunamis", - "volcanism": "significant volcanic activity; Taal (elev. 311 m), which has shown recent unrest and may erupt in the near future, has been deemed a \"Decade Volcano\" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Mayon (elev. 2,462 m), the country's most active volcano, erupted in 2009 forcing over 33,000 to be evacuated; other historically active volcanoes include Biliran, Babuyan Claro, Bulusan, Camiguin, Camiguin de Babuyanes, Didicas, Iraya, Jolo, Kanlaon, Makaturing, Musuan, Parker, Pinatubo and Ragang" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "uncontrolled deforestation especially in watershed areas; soil erosion; air and water pollution in major urban centers; coral reef degradation; increasing pollution of coastal mangrove swamps that are important fish breeding grounds" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "the Philippine archipelago is made up of 7,107 islands; favorably located in relation to many of Southeast Asia's main water bodies: the South China Sea, Philippine Sea, Sulu Sea, Celebes Sea, and Luzon Strait" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Filipino(s)", - "adjective": "Philippine" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Tagalog 28.1%, Cebuano 13.1%, Ilocano 9%, Bisaya/Binisaya 7.6%, Hiligaynon Ilonggo 7.5%, Bikol 6%, Waray 3.4%, other 25.3% (2000 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Filipino (official; based on Tagalog) and English (official); eight major dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinan" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Catholic 82.9% (Roman Catholic 80.9%, Aglipayan 2%), Muslim 5%, Evangelical 2.8%, Iglesia ni Kristo 2.3%, other Christian 4.5%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.6%, none 0.1% (2000 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "105,720,644 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "34% (male 18,339,398/female 17,607,472)", - "15_24_years": "19.1% (male 10,259,385/female 9,896,090)", - "25_54_years": "36.8% (male 19,550,257/female 19,369,177)", - "55_64_years": "5.7% (male 2,772,003/female 3,239,659)", - "65_years_and_over": "4.4% (male 2,023,118/female 2,664,085) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "61.4 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "55.1 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.3 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "15.9 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "23.3 years", - "male": "22.8 years", - "female": "23.8 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.84% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "24.62 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "4.95 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-1.25 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "48.8% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.16% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "MANILA (capital) 11.449 million; Davao 1.48 million; Cebu City 845,000; Zamboanga 827,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.86 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.76 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "23.1 (2008 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "99 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "18.19 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "20.59 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "15.66 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "72.21 years", - "male": "69.26 years", - "female": "75.31 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "3.1 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "48.9% (2011)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "3.6% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.15 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.5 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 93% of population; rural: 92% of population; total: 92% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 7% of population; rural: 8% of population; total: 8% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 79% of population; rural: 69% of population; total: 74% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 21% of population; rural: 31% of population; total: 26% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "less than 0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "8,700 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 200 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever and malaria", - "water_contact_disease": "leptospirosis (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "6.3% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "20.7% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "2.7% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "95.4%", - "male": "95%", - "female": "95.8% (2008 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "11 years", - "male": "11 years", - "female": "12 years (2009)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "17.4%", - "male": "16.2%", - "female": "19.3% (2009)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of the Philippines", - "conventional_short_form": "Philippines", - "local_long_form": "Republika ng Pilipinas", - "local_short_form": "Pilipinas" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Manila", - "geographic_coordinates": "14 36 N, 120 58 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "80 provinces and 39 chartered cities", - "provinces": "Abra, Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Aklan, Albay, Antique, Apayao, Aurora, Basilan, Bataan, Batanes, Batangas, Biliran, Benguet, Bohol, Bukidnon, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Camiguin, Capiz, Catanduanes, Cavite, Cebu, Compostela, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Davao Oriental, Dinagat Islands, Eastern Samar, Guimaras, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Iloilo, Isabela, Kalinga, Laguna, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, La Union, Leyte, Maguindanao, Marinduque, Masbate, Mindoro Occidental, Mindoro Oriental, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, Mountain Province, Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, North Cotabato, Northern Samar, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Palawan, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Quirino, Rizal, Romblon, Samar, Sarangani, Siquijor, Sorsogon, South Cotabato, Southern Leyte, Sultan Kudarat, Sulu, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Tarlac, Tawi-Tawi, Zambales, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay", - "chartered_cities": "Angeles, Antipolo, Bacolod, Baguio, Butuan, Cagayan de Oro, Caloocan, Cebu, Cotabato, Dagupan, Davao, General Santos, Iligan, Iloilo, Lapu-Lapu, Las Pinas, Lucena, Makati, Malabon, Mandaluyong, Mandaue, Manila, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Naga, Navotas, Olongapo, Ormoc, Paranaque, Pasay, Pasig, Puerto Princesa, Quezon, San Juan, Santiago, Tacloban, Taguig, Valenzuela, Zamboanga (2012)" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "12 June 1898 (independence proclaimed from Spain); 4 July 1946 (from the US)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 12 June (1898); note - 12 June 1898 was date of declaration of independence from Spain; 4 July 1946 was date of independence from US" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil, common, Islamic, and customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Benigno AQUINO (since 30 June 2010); Vice President Jejomar BINAY (since 30 June 2010); note - president is both chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Benigno AQUINO (since 30 June 2010)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president with consent of Commission of Appointments", - "elections": "president and vice president elected on separate tickets by popular vote for a single six-year term; election held on 10 May 2010 (next election to be held in May 2016)", - "election_results": "Benigno AQUINO elected president; percent of vote - Benigno AQUINO 42.1%, Joseph ESTRADA 26.3%, seven others 31.6%; Jejomar BINAY elected vice president; percent of vote Jejomar BINAY 41.6%, Manuel ROXAS 39.6%, six others 18.8%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Congress or Kongreso consists of the Senate or Senado (24 seats - one-half elected every three years; members elected at large by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Kapulungan Ng Nga Kinatawan (287 seats - 230 members in one tier representing districts and 57 sectoral party-list members in a second tier representing special minorities elected on the basis of one seat for every 2% of the total vote but with each party limited to three seats); a party represented in one tier may not hold seats in the other tier; all House members are elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms", - "note": "the constitution limits the House of Representatives to 250 members; the number of members allowed was increased, however, through legislation when in April 2009 the Philippine Supreme Court ruled that additional party members could sit in the House of Representatives if they received the required number of votes", - "elections": "Senate - elections last held on 13 May 2013 (next to be held in May 2016); House of Representatives - elections last held on 13 May 2013 (next to be held in May 2016)", - "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party for 2013 election - UNA 26.94%, NP 15.3%, LP 11.32%, NPC 10.15%, LDP 5.38%, PDP-Laban 4.95%, others 9.72%, independents 16.24%; seats by party after 2013 election - UNA 5, NP 5, LP 4, Lakas 2, NPC 2, LDP 1, PDP-Laban 1, PRP 1, independents 3; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - LP 38.3%, NPC 17.4%, UNA 11.4%, NUP 8.7%, NP 8.5%, Lakas 5.3%, independents 6.0%, others 4.4%; seats by party - LP 110, NPC 43, NUP 24, NP 17, Lakas 14, UNA 8, independents 6, others 12; party-list 57" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of a chief justice and 14 associate justices)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "justices are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council, a constitutionally-created, 6-member body that recommends Supreme Court nominees; justices serve until age 70", - "subordinate_courts": "Court of Appeals; Sandiganbayan (special court for corruption cases of government officials); Court of Tax Appeals; regional, metropolitan, and municipal trial courts; sharia courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (Struggle of Filipino Democrats) or LDP [Edgardo ANGARA]; Lakas ng EDSA-Christian Muslim Democrats or Lakas-CMD [Manuel \"Mar\" ROXAS]; Liberal Party or LP [Manuel ROXAS]; Nacionalista Party or NP [Manuel \"Manny\" VILLAR]; Nationalist People's Coalition or NPC [Frisco SAN JUAN]; PDP-Laban [Aquilino PIMENTEL]; People's Reform Party [Miriam Defensor SANTIAGO]; Puwersa ng Masang Pilipino (Force of the Philippine Masses) or PMP [Joseph ESTRADA]; ", - "note": "United Nationalist Alliance or [UNA] - PDP-Laban and PMP coalition for the 2013 election" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Black and White Movement [Vicente ROMANO]; Kilosbayan [Jovito SALONGA]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB, APEC, APT, ARF, ASEAN, BIS, CD, CICA (observer), CP, EAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAM, OAS (observer), OPCW, PCA, PIF (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNMIT, UNMOGIP, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Jose L. CUISIA Jr.", - "chancery": "1600 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 467-9300", - "fax": "[1] (202) 467-9417", - "consulates_general": "Chicago, Honolulu, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, Tamuning (Guam)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Harry K. THOMAS Jr.", - "embassy": "1201 Roxas Boulevard, Ermita 1000, Manila", - "mailing_address": "PSC 500, FPO AP 96515-1000", - "telephone": "[63] (2) 301-2000", - "fax": "[63] (2) 301-2017" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red; a white equilateral triangle is based on the hoist side; the center of the triangle displays a yellow sun with eight primary rays; each corner of the triangle contains a small, yellow, five-pointed star; blue stands for peace and justice, red symbolizes courage, the white equal-sided triangle represents equality; the rays recall the first eight provinces that sought independence from Spain, while the stars represent the three major geographical divisions of the country: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao; the design of the flag dates to 1897", - "note": "in wartime the flag is flown upside down with the red band at the top" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Philippine eagle" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Lupang Hinirang\" (Chosen Land)", - "lyrics_music": "Jose PALMA (revised by Felipe PADILLA de Leon)/Julian FELIPE", - "note": "music adopted 1898, original Spanish lyrics adopted 1899, Filipino (Tagalog) lyrics adopted 1956; although the original lyrics were written in Spanish, later English and Filipino versions were created; today, only the Filipino version is used" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Philippine GDP growth, which cooled from 7.6% in 2010 to 3.9% in 2011, expanded to 6.6% in 2012 - meeting the government's targeted 6%-7% growth range. The 2012 expansion partly reflected a rebound from depressed 2011 export and public sector spending levels. The economy has weathered global economic and financial downturns better than its regional peers due to minimal exposure to troubled international securities, lower dependence on exports, relatively resilient domestic consumption, large remittances from four- to five-million overseas Filipino workers, and a rapidly expanding business process outsourcing industry. The current account balance had recorded consecutive surpluses since 2003; international reserves are at record highs; the banking system is stable; and the stock market was Asia's second best-performer in 2012. Efforts to improve tax administration and expenditure management have helped ease the Philippines' tight fiscal situation and reduce high debt levels. The Philippines received several credit rating upgrades on its sovereign debt in 2012, and has had little difficulty tapping domestic and international markets to finance its deficits. Achieving a higher growth path nevertheless remains a pressing challenge. Economic growth in the Philippines averaged 4.5% during the MACAPAGAL-ARROYO administration but poverty worsened during her term. Growth has accelerated under the AQUINO government, but with limited progress thus far in bringing down unemployment, which hovers around 7%, and improving the quality of jobs. Underemployment is nearly 20% and more than 40% of the employed are estimated to be working in the informal sector. The AQUINO administration has been working to boost the budgets for education, health, cash transfers to the poor, and other social spending programs, and is relying on the private sector to help fund major infrastructure projects under its Public-Private Partnership program. Long term challenges include reforming governance and the judicial system, building infrastructure, improving regulatory predictability, and the ease of doing business, attracting higher levels of local and foreign investments. The Philippine Constitution and the other laws continue to restrict foreign ownership in important activities/sectors (such as land ownership and public utilities)." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$431.3 billion (2012 est.); $404.7 billion (2011 est.); $389.4 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$250.4 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "6.6% (2012 est.); 3.9% (2011 est.); 7.6% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$4,500 (2012 est.); $4,300 (2011 est.); $4,200 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "21.3% of GDP (2012 est.); 23.6% of GDP (2011 est.); 25% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "74.2%", - "government_consumption": "10.5%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "19.4%", - "investment_in_inventories": "-0.9%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "30.8%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-34% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "11.8%", - "industry": "31.1%", - "services": "57.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "sugarcane, coconuts, rice, corn, bananas, cassavas, pineapples, mangoes; pork, eggs, beef; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "electronics assembly, garments, footwear, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, wood products, food processing, petroleum refining, fishing" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "6.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "40.42 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "32%", - "industry": "15%", - "services": "53% (2012 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "7% (2012 est.); 7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "26.5% (2009 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.6%", - "highest_10%": "33.6% (2009 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "44.8 (2009); 46.6 (2003)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$36.35 billion", - "expenditures": "$42.1 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "14.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-2.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "51.5% of GDP (2012 est.); 51% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover debt issued by the national government, and excludes debt instruments issued by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by social security institutions, government-owned and controlled corporations, the Central Bank, and local government units" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "3.1% (2012 est.); 4.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "5.3% (31 December 2012 est.); 5.6% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "5.68% (31 December 2012 est.); 6.66% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$38.93 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $33.97 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$132.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $126 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$129.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $112.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$266.3 billion (31 December 2012); $198.4 billion (31 December 2011); $202.2 billion (31 December 2010)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$9.65 billion (2012 est.); $6.988 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$46.28 billion (2012 est.); $38.28 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "semiconductors and electronic products, transport equipment, garments, copper products, petroleum products, coconut oil, fruits" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Japan 19%, US 14.2%, China 11.8%, Singapore 9.4%, Hong Kong 9.2%, South Korea 5.5%, Thailand 4.7% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$61.49 billion (2012 est.); $55.25 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "electronic products, mineral fuels, machinery and transport equipment, iron and steel, textile fabrics, grains, chemicals, plastic" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "US 11.5%, China 10.8%, Japan 10.4%, South Korea 7.3%, Singapore 7.1%, Thailand 5.6%, Saudi Arabia 5.6%, Indonesia 4.4%, Malaysia 4% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$83.83 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $75.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$74.87 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $76.04 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$30.38 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $27.58 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$8.435 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.59 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Philippine pesos (PHP) per US dollar -; 42.229 (2012 est.); 43.313 (2011 est.); 45.11 (2010 est.); 47.68 (2009); 44.439 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "67.74 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "64.52 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "16.36 million kW (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "66.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "21.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "12.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "26,640 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "28,090 bbl/day (2010 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "176,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "138.5 million bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "181,300 bbl/day (2010 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "315,600 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "17,810 bbl/day (2010 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "147,900 bbl/day (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "3.91 billion cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "2.86 billion cu m (2010)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "98.54 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "85.63 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "3.556 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "94.19 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "good international radiotelephone and submarine cable services; domestic and interisland service adequate", - "domestic": "telecommunications infrastructure includes the following platforms: fixed-line, mobile cellular, cable TV, over-the-air TV, radio and Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT), fiber-optic cable, and satellite; mobile-cellular communications now dominate the industry", - "international": "country code - 63; a series of submarine cables together provide connectivity to Asia, US, the Middle East, and Europe; multiple international gateways (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "multiple national private TV and radio networks; multi-channel satellite and cable TV systems available; more than 350 TV stations - 4 major TV networks operating nationwide with 1 being government-owned; some 1100 cable TV providers and some 1,200 radio stations broadcasting; the Philippines is scheduled to complete the switch from analog to digital broadcasting by the end of 2015 (2012)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ph" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "425,812 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "8.278 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "247 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "89", - "over_3_047_m": "4", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "8", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "33", - "914_to_1_523_m": "34", - "under_914_m": "10 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "158", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", - "914_to_1_523_m": "56", - "under_914_m": "99 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "2 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 567 km; oil 138 km; refined products 185 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "995 km", - "narrow_gauge": "995 km 1.067-m gauge (484 km are in operation) (2010)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "213,151 km", - "paved": "54,481 km", - "unpaved": "158,670 km (2009)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "3,219 km (limited to vessels with draft less than 1.5 m) (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "446", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 76, cargo 152, carrier 12, chemical tanker 27, container 17, liquefied gas 5, passenger 7, passenger/cargo 65, petroleum tanker 44, refrigerated cargo 20, roll on/roll off 11, vehicle carrier 10", - "foreign_owned": "159 (Bermuda 47, China 4, Denmark 2, Germany 2, Greece 5, Japan 77, Malaysia 1, Netherlands 17, Singapore 1, South Korea 1, Taiwan 1, UAE 1)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "7 (Cyprus 1, Panama 5, unknown 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Batangas, Cagayan de Oro, Cebu, Davao, Liman, Manila" - }, - "transportation_note": { - "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the South China Sea as high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; numerous commercial vessels have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; hijacked vessels are often disguised and cargo diverted to ports in East Asia; crews have been murdered or cast adrift" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP): Army, Navy (includes Marine Corps), Air Force (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "17-23 years of age (officers 20-24) for voluntary military service; no conscription; applicants must be single male or female Philippine citizens with either 72 college credit hours (enlisted) or a baccalaureate degree (officers) (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "25,614,135", - "females_age_16_49": "25,035,061 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "20,142,940", - "females_age_16_49": "21,427,792 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "1,060,319", - "female": "1,021,069 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.9% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Philippines claims sovereignty over Scarborough Reef (also claimed by China together with Taiwan) and over certain of the Spratly Islands, known locally as the Kalayaan (Freedom) Islands, also claimed by China, Malaysia, Taiwan, and Vietnam; the 2002 \"Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea,\" has eased tensions in the Spratly Islands but falls short of a legally binding \"code of conduct\" desired by several of the disputants; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands; Philippines retains a dormant claim to Malaysia's Sabah State in northern Borneo based on the Sultanate of Sulu's granting the Philippines Government power of attorney to pursue a sovereignty claim on his behalf; maritime delimitation negotiations continue with Palau" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "idps": "at least 843,000 (government troops fighting the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, the Abu Sayyaf Group, and the New People's Army; clan feuds; natural disasters (December 2012 Typhoon Bopha)) (2013)", - "stateless_persons": "6,015 (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "domestic methamphetamine production has been a growing problem in recent years despite government crackdowns; major consumer of amphetamines; longstanding marijuana producer mainly in rural areas where Manila's control is limited" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/asia/pk-pakistan.json b/asia/pk-pakistan.json deleted file mode 100644 index 10a0299b..00000000 --- a/asia/pk-pakistan.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,633 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The Indus Valley civilization, one of the oldest in the world and dating back at least 5,000 years, spread over much of what is presently Pakistan. During the second millennium B.C., remnants of this culture fused with the migrating Indo-Aryan peoples. The area underwent successive invasions in subsequent centuries from the Persians, Greeks, Scythians, Arabs (who brought Islam), Afghans, and Turks. The Mughal Empire flourished in the 16th and 17th centuries; the British came to dominate the region in the 18th century. The separation in 1947 of British India into the Muslim state of Pakistan (with West and East sections) and largely Hindu India was never satisfactorily resolved, and India and Pakistan fought two wars - in 1947-48 and 1965 - over the disputed Kashmir territory. A third war between these countries in 1971 - in which India capitalized on Islamabad's marginalization of Bengalis in Pakistani politics - resulted in East Pakistan becoming the separate nation of Bangladesh. In response to Indian nuclear weapons testing, Pakistan conducted its own tests in 1998. India-Pakistan relations have been rocky since the November 2008 Mumbai attacks, but both countries are taking small steps to put relations back on track. In February 2008, Pakistan held parliamentary elections and in September 2008, after the resignation of former President MUSHARRAF, elected Asif Ali ZARDARI to the presidency. Pakistani government and military leaders are struggling to control domestic insurgents, many of whom are located in the tribal areas adjacent to the border with Afghanistan. In January 2012, Pakistan assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2012-13 term." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India on the east and Iran and Afghanistan on the west and China in the north" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "30 00 N, 70 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Asia" - }, - "area": { - "total": "796,095 sq km", - "land": "770,875 sq km", - "water": "25,220 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly less than twice the size of California" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "6,774 km", - "border_countries": "Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912 km, Iran 909 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "1,046 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and northwest; Balochistan plateau in west" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Indian Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "K2 (Mt. Godwin-Austen) 8,611 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "26.02%", - "permanent_crops": "1.05%", - "other": "72.93% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "199,900 sq km (2008)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "246.8 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "183.5 cu km/yr (5%/1%/94%)", - "per_capita": "1,038 cu m/yr (2008)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August)" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; limited natural freshwater resources; most of the population does not have access to potable water; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Marine Life Conservation" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "controls Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass, traditional invasion routes between Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Pakistani(s)", - "adjective": "Pakistani" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Punjabi 44.68%, Pashtun (Pathan) 15.42%, Sindhi 14.1%, Sariaki 8.38%, Muhajirs 7.57%, Balochi 3.57%, other 6.28%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Saraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Burushaski, and other 8%" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim (official) 96.4% (Sunni 85-90%, Shia 10-15%), other (includes Christian and Hindu) 3.6% (2010 est.)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "193,238,868 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "34% (male 33,774,720/female 31,967,787)", - "15_24_years": "21.6% (male 21,560,699/female 20,223,691)", - "25_54_years": "35.1% (male 35,272,193/female 32,587,417)", - "55_64_years": "5% (male 4,767,260/female 4,832,047)", - "65_years_and_over": "4.3% (male 3,877,418/female 4,375,636) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "61.8 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "54.7 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "7.1 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "14.1 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "22.2 years", - "male": "22.2 years", - "female": "22.3 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.52% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "23.76 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "6.69 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-1.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "36.2% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.68% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "Karachi 13.125 million; Lahore 7.132 million; Faisalabad 2.849 million; Rawalpindi 2.026 million; ISLAMABAD (capital) 832,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.08 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.89 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.06 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "22.7 (2007 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "260 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "59.35 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "62.56 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "55.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "66.71 years", - "male": "64.84 years", - "female": "68.66 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.96 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "27% (2007/08)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "2.2% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.81 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.6 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 96% of population; rural: 89% of population; total: 92% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 4% of population; rural: 11% of population; total: 8% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 72% of population; rural: 34% of population; total: 48% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 28% of population; rural: 66% of population; total: 52% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "98,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "5,800 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever and malaria", - "animal_contact_disease": "rabies", - "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "5.5% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "30.9% (2011)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "2.4% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "54.9%", - "male": "68.6%", - "female": "40.3% (2009 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "8 years", - "male": "8 years", - "female": "7 years (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "7.7%", - "male": "7%", - "female": "10.5% (2008)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Islamic Republic of Pakistan", - "conventional_short_form": "Pakistan", - "local_long_form": "Jamhuryat Islami Pakistan", - "local_short_form": "Pakistan", - "former": "West Pakistan" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "federal republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Islamabad", - "geographic_coordinates": "33 41 N, 73 03 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "4 provinces, 1 territory*, and 1 capital territory**; Balochistan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas*, Islamabad Capital Territory**, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (formerly North-West Frontier Province), Punjab, Sindh", - "note": "the Pakistani-administered portion of the disputed Jammu and Kashmir region consists of two administrative entities: Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "14 August 1947 (from British India)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Republic Day, 23 March (1956)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "12 April 1973; suspended 5 July 1977, restored 30 December 1985; suspended 15 October 1999, restored in stages in 2002; amended 31 December 2003; suspended 3 November 2007; restored 15 December 2007; last amended 28 February 2012" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "common law system with Islamic law influence" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal; note - there are joint electorates and reserved parliamentary seats for women and non-Muslims" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Mamnoon HUSSAIN (since 9 September 2013)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Mohammad Nawaz SHARIF (since 5 June 2013)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president upon the advice of the prime minister", - "elections": "president elected by secret ballot through an Electoral College comprising the members of the Senate, National Assembly, and provincial assemblies for a five-year term; election last held on 9 September 2013 (next to be held in 2018); prime minister selected by the National Assembly", - "election_results": "Mamnoon HUSSAIN elected president; Mamnoon HUSSAIN 432 votes, Wajihuddin AHMED 77 votes" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral parliament or Majlis-e-Shoora consists of the Senate (104 seats; members indirectly elected by provincial assemblies and the territories' representatives in the National Assembly to serve six-year terms; one half are elected every three years) and the National Assembly (342 seats; 272 members elected by popular vote; 60 seats reserved for women; 10 seats reserved for non-Muslims; members serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "Senate - last held on 2 March 2012 (next to be held in March 2015); National Assembly - last held on 11 May 2013 (next to be held in 2018)", - "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PPPP 41, PML-N 14, ANP 12, JUI-F 7, MQM 7, PML-Q 5, BNP-A 4, NPP 1, PML-F 1, independents 12; National Assembly - percent of votes by party - NA; seats by party as of June 2013) - PML-N 126, PPPP 31, PTI 28, MQM 18, JUI-F 10, PML-F 5, other 22, independents 25, unfilled seats 7; 60 seats reserved for women, 10 seats reserved for non-Muslims" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Pakistan (consists of the chief justice and 16 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "justices nominated by an 8-member Majlis-e-Shoora (parliamentary) Committee upon the recommendation of the Judicial Commission (a 9-member body of several judges and other judicial professionals), and appointed by the president of Pakistan; justices can serve until age 65", - "subordinate_courts": "High Courts; Federal Shariat Court; provincial and district civil and criminal courts; specialized courts for issues such as taxation, banking, customs, etc." - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Awami National Party or ANP [Asfandyar Wali KHAN]; Balochistan National Party-Awami or BNP-A; Balochistan National Party-Hayee Group or BNP-H [Dr. Hayee BALOCH]; Balochistan National Party-Mengal or BNP-M; Jamaat-i Islami or JI [Syed Munawar HASAN]; Jamhoori Watan Party or JWP; Jamiat Ahle Hadith or JAH [Sajid MIR]; Jamiat-i Ulema-i Islam Fazl-ur Rehman or JUI-F [Fazl-ur REHMAN]; Jamiat-i Ulema-i Islam Sami-ul HAQ or JUI-S [Sami ul-HAQ]; Jamiat-i Ulema-i Pakistan or JUP [Abul Khair ZUBAIR]; Millat-e-Jafferia [Allama Sajid NAQVI]; Muttahida Qaumi Movement or MQM [Altaf HUSSAIN]; National Peoples Party or NPP; Pakhtun-khwa Milli Awami Party or PKMAP [Mahmood Khan ACHAKZAI]; Pakistan Awami Tehrik or PAT [Tahir ul QADRI]; Pakistan Muslim League-Quaid-i Azam or PML-Q [Chaudhry Shujaat HUSSAIN]; Pakistan Muslim League-Functional or PML-F [Pir PAGARO]; Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz or PML-N [Nawaz SHARIF]; Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians or PPPP [Bilawal Bhutto ZARDARI, chairman; Asif Ali ZARDARI, co-chairman]; Pakistan Peoples Party-S [Aftab Ahmad SHERPAO]; Quami Watan Party or QWP [Aftab Ahmed Khan SHERPAO]; Pakistan Tehrik-e Insaaf or PTI [Imran KHAN]; ", - "note": "political alliances in Pakistan can shift frequently" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "other": "military (most important political force); ulema (clergy); landowners; industrialists; small merchants" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), C, CICA, CP, D-8, ECO, FAO, G-11, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, PCA, SAARC, SACEP, SCO (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMIT, UNOCI, UNSC (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (acting) Asad KHAN", - "chancery": "3517 International Court, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 243-6500", - "fax": "[1] (202) 686-1534", - "consulates_general": "Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, Sunnyvale (CA)", - "consulates": "Chicago, Houston" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Richard OLSON", - "embassy": "Diplomatic Enclave, Ramna 5, Islamabad", - "mailing_address": "8100 Islamabad Pl., Washington, DC 20521-8100", - "telephone": "[92] (51) 208-0000", - "fax": "[92] (51) 227-6427", - "consulates_general": "Karachi", - "consulates": "Lahore, Peshawar" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "green with a vertical white band (symbolizing the role of religious minorities) on the hoist side; a large white crescent and star are centered in the green field; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "star and crescent" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Qaumi Tarana\" (National Anthem)", - "lyrics_music": "Abu-Al-Asar Hafeez JULLANDHURI/Ahmed Ghulamali CHAGLA", - "note": "adopted 1954; the anthem is also known as \"Pak sarzamin shad bad\" (Blessed Be the Sacred Land)" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Decades of internal political disputes and low levels of foreign investment have led to slow growth and underdevelopment in Pakistan. Agriculture accounts for more than one-fifth of output and two-fifths of employment. Textiles account for most of Pakistan's export earnings, and Pakistan's failure to expand a viable export base for other manufactures has left the country vulnerable to shifts in world demand. Official unemployment is under 6%, but this fails to capture the true picture, because much of the economy is informal and underemployment remains high. Over the past few years, low growth and high inflation, led by a spurt in food prices, have increased the amount of poverty - the UN Human Development Report estimated poverty in 2011 at almost 50% of the population. Inflation has worsened the situation, climbing from 7.7% in 2007 to almost 12% for 2011, before declining to 10% in 2012. As a result of political and economic instability, the Pakistani rupee has depreciated more than 40% since 2007. The government agreed to an International Monetary Fund Standby Arrangement in November 2008 in response to a balance of payments crisis. Although the economy has stabilized since the crisis, it has failed to recover. Foreign investment has not returned, due to investor concerns related to governance, energy, security, and a slow-down in the global economy. Remittances from overseas workers, averaging about $1 billion a month since March 2011, remain a bright spot for Pakistan. However, after a small current account surplus in fiscal year 2011 (July 2010/June 2011), Pakistan's current account turned to deficit in fiscal year 2012, spurred by higher prices for imported oil and lower prices for exported cotton. Pakistan remains stuck in a low-income, low-growth trap, with growth averaging about 3% per year from 2008 to 2012. Pakistan must address long standing issues related to government revenues and energy production in order to spur the amount of economic growth that will be necessary to employ its growing and rapidly urbanizing population, more than half of which is under 22. Other long term challenges include expanding investment in education and healthcare, adapting to the effects of climate change and natural disasters, and reducing dependence on foreign donors." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$523.9 billion (2012 est.); $505.3 billion (2011 est.); $490.4 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$231.9 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.7% (2012 est.); 3% (2011 est.); 3.1% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$2,900 (2012 est.); $2,900 (2011 est.); $2,900 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "11.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 11.9% of GDP (2011 est.); 14.6% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "87.3%", - "government_consumption": "8.3%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "10.9%", - "investment_in_inventories": "1.6%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "12.5%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-20.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "20.1%", - "industry": "25.5%", - "services": "54.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; milk, beef, mutton, eggs" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "textiles and apparel, food processing, pharmaceuticals, construction materials, paper products, fertilizer, shrimp" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "59.21 million", - "note": "extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use of child labor (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "45.1%", - "industry": "20.7%", - "services": "34.2% (2010 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "6.2% (2012 est.); 5.6% (2011 est.)", - "note": "substantial underemployment exists" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "22.3% (FY05/06 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.9%", - "highest_10%": "39.3% (FY05/06)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "30.6 (FY07/08); 41 (FY98/99)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$27.48 billion", - "expenditures": "$42.15 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "11.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-6.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "50.7% of GDP (2012 est.); 49.4% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 July - 30 June" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "9.7% (2012 est.); 11.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "12% (31 January 2012 est.); 14% (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "12.41% (31 December 2012 est.); 14.12% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$62.29 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $56.34 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$76.16 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $71.36 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$94.65 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $86.76 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$32.76 billion (31 December 2011); $38.17 billion (31 December 2010); $33.24 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$4.632 billion (2012 est.); $268 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$24.63 billion (2012 est.); $26.31 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "textiles (garments, bed linen, cotton cloth, yarn), rice, leather goods, sports goods, chemicals, manufactures, carpets and rugs" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 13.3%, China 10.9%, UAE 8.6%, Afghanistan 8.5% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$39.81 billion (2012 est.); $38.85 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, plastics, transportation equipment, edible oils, paper and paperboard, iron and steel, tea" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 19.8%, Saudi Arabia 12%, UAE 11.9%, Kuwait 6.2% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$13.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $18.09 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$56.19 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $60.18 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$22.72 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $21.88 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$1.495 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.432 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Pakistani rupees (PKR) per US dollar -; 93.3952 (2012 est.); 86.3434 (2011 est.); 85.194 (2010 est.); 81.71 (2009); 70.64 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "94.65 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "70.1 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "20.2 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "65.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "2.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "32.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "63,080 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "183,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "480.9 million bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "215,900 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "426,700 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "26,830 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "195,700 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "42.9 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "42.9 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "753.8 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "151.6 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "5.867 million (2012)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "125 million (2013)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "the telecommunications infrastructure is improving dramatically with foreign and domestic investments in fixed-line and mobile-cellular networks; system consists of microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, cellular, and satellite networks;", - "domestic": "mobile-cellular subscribership has skyrocketed, exceeding 110 million by the end of 2011, up from only about 300,000 in 2000; more than 90 percent of Pakistanis live within areas that have cell phone coverage and more than half of all Pakistanis have access to a cell phone; fiber systems are being constructed throughout the country to aid in network growth; fixed line availability has risen only marginally over the same period and there are still difficulties getting fixed-line service to rural areas", - "international": "country code - 92; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable systems that provide links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean); 3 operational international gateway exchanges (1 at Karachi and 2 at Islamabad); microwave radio relay to neighboring countries (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "media is government regulated; 1 dominant state-owned TV broadcaster, Pakistan Television Corporation (PTV), operates a network consisting of 5 channels; private TV broadcasters are permitted; to date 69 foreign satellite channels are operational; the state-owned radio network operates more than 40 stations; nearly 100 commercially licensed privately owned radio stations provide programming mostly limited to music and talk shows (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".pk" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "365,813 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "20.431 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "151 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "108", - "over_3_047_m": "15", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "20", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "43", - "914_to_1_523_m": "20", - "under_914_m": "10 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "43", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "9", - "914_to_1_523_m": "9", - "under_914_m": "24 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "23 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 12,646 km; oil 2,576 km; refined products 1,087 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "7,791 km", - "broad_gauge": "7,479 km 1.676-m gauge (293 km electrified)", - "narrow_gauge": "312 km 1.000-m gauge (2007)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "260,760 km", - "paved": "180,910 km (includes 711 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "79,850 km (2007)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "11", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 5, cargo 3, petroleum tanker 3", - "registered_in_other_countries": "11 (Comoros 5, Marshall Islands 1, Moldova 1, Panama 3, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Karachi, Port Muhammad Bin Qasim" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Pakistan Army (includes National Guard), Pakistan Navy (includes Marines and Maritime Security Agency), Pakistan Air Force (Pakistan Fiza'ya) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "16-23 years of age for voluntary military service; soldiers cannot be deployed for combat until age 18; the Pakistani Air Force and Pakistani Navy have inducted their first female pilots and sailors; the Pakistan Air Force recruits aviation technicians at age 15; service obligation (Navy) 10-18 years; retirement required after 18-30 years service or age 40-52 (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "48,453,305", - "females_age_16_49": "44,898,096 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "37,945,440", - "females_age_16_49": "37,381,549 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "2,237,723", - "female": "2,104,906 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "3.1% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "various talks and confidence-building measures cautiously have begun to defuse tensions over Kashmir, particularly since the October 2005 earthquake in the region; Kashmir nevertheless remains the site of the world's largest and most militarized territorial dispute with portions under the de facto administration of China (Aksai Chin), India (Jammu and Kashmir), and Pakistan (Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas); UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan has maintained a small group of peacekeepers since 1949; India does not recognize Pakistan's ceding historic Kashmir lands to China in 1964; India and Pakistan have maintained their 2004 cease-fire in Kashmir and initiated discussions on defusing the armed standoff in the Siachen glacier region; Pakistan protests India's fencing the highly militarized Line of Control and construction of the Baglihar Dam on the Chenab River in Jammu and Kashmir, which is part of the larger dispute on water sharing of the Indus River and its tributaries; to defuse tensions and prepare for discussions on a maritime boundary, India and Pakistan seek technical resolution of the disputed boundary in Sir Creek estuary at the mouth of the Rann of Kutch in the Arabian Sea; Pakistani maps continue to show the Junagadh claim in India's Gujarat State; by 2005, Pakistan, with UN assistance, repatriated 2.3 million Afghan refugees leaving slightly more than a million, many of whom remain at their own choosing; Pakistan has sent troops across and built fences along some remote tribal areas of its treaty-defined Durand Line border with Afghanistan, which serve as bases for foreign terrorists and other illegal activities; Afghan, Coalition, and Pakistan military meet periodically to clarify the alignment of the boundary on the ground and on maps" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "2.9 million (1.9 million registered, 1 million undocumented ) (Afghanistan) (2013)", - "idps": "758,000 (primarily includes IDPs who remain displaced by conflict in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and Khyber-Paktunkwa Province that peaked in 2009) (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "significant transit area for Afghan drugs, including heroin, opium, morphine, and hashish, bound for Iran, Western markets, the Gulf States, Africa, and Asia; financial crimes related to drug trafficking, terrorism, corruption, and smuggling remain problems; opium poppy cultivation estimated to be 2,300 hectares in 2007 with 600 of those hectares eradicated; federal and provincial authorities continue to conduct anti-poppy campaigns that utilizes forced eradication, fines, and arrests" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/asia/sg-singapore.json b/asia/sg-singapore.json deleted file mode 100644 index f103c840..00000000 --- a/asia/sg-singapore.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,589 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Singapore was founded as a British trading colony in 1819. It joined the Malaysian Federation in 1963 but separated two years later and became independent. Singapore subsequently became one of the world's most prosperous countries with strong international trading links (its port is one of the world's busiest in terms of tonnage handled) and with per capita GDP equal to that of the leading nations of Western Europe." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "1 22 N, 103 48 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Southeast Asia" - }, - "area": { - "total": "697 sq km", - "land": "687 sq km", - "water": "10 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly more than 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "193 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "3 nm", - "exclusive_fishing_zone": "within and beyond territorial sea, as defined in treaties and practice" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - Northeastern monsoon (December to March) and Southwestern monsoon (June to September); inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "lowland; gently undulating central plateau contains water catchment area and nature preserve" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Singapore Strait 0 m", - "highest_point": "Bukit Timah 166 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "fish, deepwater ports" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "0.89%", - "permanent_crops": "0.14%", - "other": "98.97% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "0.6 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.19 cu km/yr (47%/53%/0%)", - "per_capita": "81.97 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "industrial pollution; limited natural freshwater resources; limited land availability presents waste disposal problems; seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "focal point for Southeast Asian sea routes" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Singaporean(s)", - "adjective": "Singapore" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Chinese 76.8%, Malay 13.9%, Indian 7.9%, other 1.4% (2000 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Mandarin (official) 35%, English (official) 23%, Malay (official) 14.1%, Hokkien 11.4%, Cantonese 5.7%, Teochew 4.9%, Tamil (official) 3.2%, other Chinese dialects 1.8%, other 0.9% (2000 census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Buddhist 42.5%, Muslim 14.9%, Taoist 8.5%, Hindu 4%, Catholic 4.8%, other Christian 9.8%, other 0.7%, none 14.8% (2000 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "5,460,302 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "13.6% (male 381,145/female 363,504)", - "15_24_years": "18.2% (male 490,526/female 505,713)", - "25_54_years": "50.1% (male 1,336,298/female 1,401,106)", - "55_64_years": "9.9% (male 269,411/female 269,137)", - "65_years_and_over": "8.1% (male 200,602/female 242,860) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "35.6 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "21.8 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "13.8 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "7.2 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "33.6 years", - "male": "33.5 years", - "female": "33.7 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.96% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "7.91 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "3.41 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "15.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "100% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "0.97 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.96 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.82 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.96 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "29.4 (2008 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "3 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "2.59 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "2.73 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "2.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "84.07 years", - "male": "81.67 years", - "female": "86.64 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "0.79 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "62%", - "note": "percent of women aged 15-44 (1997)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "4% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.83 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "3.14 beds/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "3,400 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "7.1% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "3.3% (2000)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "3.3% of GDP (2012)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "95.9%", - "male": "98%", - "female": "93.8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "6.7% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Singapore", - "conventional_short_form": "Singapore", - "local_long_form": "Republic of Singapore", - "local_short_form": "Singapore" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Singapore", - "geographic_coordinates": "1 17 N, 103 51 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "none" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "9 August 1965 (from Malaysian Federation)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "National Day, 9 August (1965)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "3 June 1959; amended 1965 (based on pre-independence State of Singapore constitution)" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "English common law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "21 years of age; universal and compulsory" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Tony TAN Keng Yam (since 1 September 2011)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister LEE Hsien Loong (since 12 August 2004); Deputy Prime Minister TEO Chee Hean (since 1 April 2009) and Deputy Prime Minister Tharman SHANMUGARATNAM (since 21 May 2011)", - "cabinet": "appointed by president, responsible to parliament", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for six-year term; election last held on 27 August 2011 (next to be held by August 2017); following legislative elections, leader of majority party or leader of majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by president; deputy prime ministers appointed by president", - "election_results": "Tony TAN Keng Yam elected president from a field of four candidates with 35.2% of the votes cast" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament (87 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms); note - in addition, there are up to nine nominated members (NMP) and up to nine Non-Constituency Members of Parliament (NCMP); traditionally, members of parties that came closest to winning seats may be appointed as NCMPs; NMPs are appointed by the president to ensure that a wide range of community views are present in Parliament; NMPs are independent and non-partisan members", - "elections": "last held on 7 May 2011 (next to be held in May 2016)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - PAP 60.1%, WP 12.8%, NSP 12.1%, others 15%; seats by party - PAP 81, WP 6; (seats as of February 2013 PAP 80, WP 7)" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the president or chief justice and 16 justices and organized into an upper tier Appeal Court and a lower tier High Court)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "all judges appointed by the president from candidates recommended by the prime minister after consultation with the chief justice; justices appointed for life", - "subordinate_courts": "district, magistrates', juvenile, family, community, and coroners' courts; small claims tribunals" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "National Solidarity Party or NSP [Hazel POA]; People's Action Party or PAP [LEE Hsien Loong]; Reform Party [Kenneth JEYARETNAM]; Singapore Democratic Alliance or SDA [Desmond LIM]; Singapore Democratic Party [CHEE Soon Juan]; Singapore People's Party or SPP [CHIAM See Tong]; Workers' Party or WP [LOW Thia Khiang]", - "note": "SDA includes Singapore Justice Party or SJP and Singapore National Malay Organization or PKMS" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "none" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB, AOSIS, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, BIS, C, CP, EAS, FATF, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNMIT, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Ashok Kumar MIRPURI", - "chancery": "3501 International Place NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 537-3100", - "fax": "[1] (202) 537-0876", - "consulates_general": "New York, San Francisco" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador David I. ADELMAN", - "embassy": "27 Napier Road, Singapore 258508", - "mailing_address": "FPO AP 96507-0001", - "telephone": "[65] 6476-9100", - "fax": "[65] 6476-9340" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; near the hoist side of the red band, there is a vertical, white crescent (closed portion is toward the hoist side) partially enclosing five white five-pointed stars arranged in a circle; red denotes brotherhood and equality; white signifies purity and virtue; the waxing crescent moon symbolizes a young nation on the ascendancy; the five stars represent the nation's ideals of democracy, peace, progress, justice, and equality" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "lion, merlion (mythical half lion-half fish creature)" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Majulah Singapura\" (Onward Singapore)", - "lyrics_music": "ZUBIR Said", - "note": "adopted 1965; the anthem, which was first performed in 1958 at the Victoria Theatre, is sung only in Malay" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Singapore has a highly developed and successful free-market economy. It enjoys a remarkably open and corruption-free environment, stable prices, and a per capita GDP higher than that of most developed countries. The economy depends heavily on exports, particularly in consumer electronics, information technology products, pharmaceuticals, and on a growing financial services sector. Real GDP growth averaged 8.6% between 2004 and 2007. The economy contracted 0.8% in 2009 as a result of the global financial crisis, but rebounded 14.8% in 2010, on the strength of renewed exports, before slowing to 5.2% in 2011 and 1.3% in 2012, largely a result of soft demand for exports during the second European recession. Over the longer term, the government hopes to establish a new growth path that focuses on raising productivity, which has sunk to an average of about 1.0% in the last decade. Singapore has attracted major investments in pharmaceuticals and medical technology production and will continue efforts to establish Singapore as Southeast Asia's financial and high-tech hub." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$331.9 billion (2012 est.); $327.6 billion (2011 est.); $311.5 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$276.5 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.3% (2012 est.); 5.2% (2011 est.); 14.8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$61,400 (2012 est.); $61,700 (2011 est.); $60,100 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "45.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 46.8% of GDP (2011 est.); 48.2% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "39.2%", - "government_consumption": "9.7%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "24.1%", - "investment_in_inventories": "2.9%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "200.7%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-178.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "0%", - "industry": "26.8%", - "services": "73.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "orchids, vegetables; poultry, eggs; fish, ornamental fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "electronics, chemicals, financial services, oil drilling equipment, petroleum refining, rubber processing and rubber products, processed food and beverages, ship repair, offshore platform construction, life sciences, entrepot trade" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "3.618 million", - "note": "excludes non-residents (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "0.1%", - "industry": "19.6%", - "services": "80.3%", - "note": "excludes non-residents (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "1.9% (2012 est.); 2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "4.4%", - "highest_10%": "23.2% (2008)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "47.8 (2012); 48.1 (2008)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$43.44 billion", - "expenditures": "$37.83 billion", - "note": "expenditures include both operational and development expenditures (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "15.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "111.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 106% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "for Singapore, public debt consists largely of Singapore Government Securities (SGS) issued to assist the Central Provident Fund (CPF), which administers Singapore's defined contribution pension fund; special issues of SGS are held by the CPF, and are non-tradable; the government has not borrowed to finance deficit expenditures since the 1980s" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 April - 31 March" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "4.6% (2012 est.); 5.2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "5.38% (31 December 2012 est.); 5.38% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$115 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $99.28 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$400.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $340.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$281.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $235.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$709.4 billion (31 December 2012); $569.4 billion (31 December 2011); $620.5 billion (31 December 2010)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$51.44 billion (2012 est.); $65.32 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$435.8 billion (2012 est.); $434.1 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment (including electronics and telecommunications), pharmaceuticals and other chemicals, refined petroleum products" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Malaysia 12.2%, Hong Kong 10.9%, China 10.7%, Indonesia 10.5%, US 5.5%, Japan 4.6%, Australia 4.2%, South Korea 4% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$374.9 billion (2012 est.); $361.5 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, mineral fuels, chemicals, foodstuffs, consumer goods" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Malaysia 10.6%, China 10.3%, US 10.2%, South Korea 6.8%, Japan 6.2%, Indonesia 5.3%, Saudi Arabia 4.5%, UAE 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$259.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $237.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$1.174 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.088 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$454.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $517.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$300.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $331 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Singapore dollars (SGD) per US dollar -; 1.2497 (2012 est.); 1.258 (2011 est.); 1.3635 (2010 est.); 1.4545 (2009); 1.415 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "45.37 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "41.2 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "10.47 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "99.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "883,500 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "1.357 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "1.25 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "1.14 million bbl/day (2010 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "1.348 million bbl/day (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "8.778 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "8.778 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "172.2 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "2.017 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "7.794 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "excellent service", - "domestic": "excellent domestic facilities; launched 3G wireless service in February 2005; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity more than 180 telephones per 100 persons; multiple providers of high-speed Internet connectivity and the government is close to completing an island-wide roll out of a high-speed fiber-optic broadband network", - "international": "country code - 65; numerous submarine cables provide links throughout Asia, Australia, the Middle East, Europe, and US; satellite earth stations - 4; supplemented by VSAT coverage (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state controls broadcast media; 8 domestic TV stations operated by MediaCorp which is wholly owned by a state investment company; broadcasts from Malaysian and Indonesian stations available; satellite dishes banned; multi-channel cable TV service available; a total of 18 domestic radio stations broadcasting with MediaCorp operating more than a dozen and another 4 stations are closely linked to the ruling party or controlled by the Singapore Armed Forces Reservists Association; many Malaysian and Indonesian radio stations are available" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".sg" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "1.96 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "3.235 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "9 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "9", - "over_3_047_m": "2", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 122 km; refined products 8 km (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "3,356 km", - "paved": "3,356 km (includes 161 km of expressways) (2009)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "1,599", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 247, cargo 109, carrier 6, chemical tanker 256, container 339, liquefied gas 131, petroleum tanker 436, refrigerated cargo 13, roll on/roll off 5, vehicle carrier 57", - "foreign_owned": "966 (Australia 12, Bangladesh 1, Belgium 1, Bermuda 25, Brazil 9, Chile 6, China 29, Cyprus 6, Denmark 149, France 3, Germany 32, Greece 22, Hong Kong 46, India 21, Indonesia 60, Italy 5, Japan 164, Malaysia 27, Netherlands 1, Norway 153, Russia 2, South Africa 13, South Korea 3, Sweden 11, Switzerland 3, Taiwan 77, Thailand 33, UAE 10, UK 6, US 36)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "344 (Australia 2, Bahamas 7, Bangladesh 7, Belize 4, Cambodia 3, Cyprus 1, France 3, Honduras 11, Hong Kong 13, Indonesia 46, Italy 1, Kiribati 9, Liberia 22, Malaysia 13, Maldives 4, Malta 4, Marshall Islands 30, Mongolia 3, North Korea 1, Panama 92, Philippines 1, Saint Kitts and Nevis 10, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 5, Sierra Leone 9, Thailand 1, Tuvalu 19, US 16, Vanuatu 2, unknown 5) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Singapore" - }, - "transportation_note": { - "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the South China Sea as high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; numerous commercial vessels have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; hijacked vessels are often disguised and cargo diverted to ports in East Asia; crews have been murdered or cast adrift" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Singapore Armed Forces: Army, Navy, Air Force (includes Air Defense) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-21 years of age for male compulsory military service; 16 1/2 years of age for volunteers; 2-year conscript service obligation, with a reserve obligation to age 40 (enlisted) or age 50 (officers) (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,255,902 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,018,839", - "females_age_16_49": "1,087,134 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "27,098", - "female": "25,368 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "3.6% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "disputes persist with Malaysia over deliveries of fresh water to Singapore, Singapore's extensive land reclamation works, bridge construction, and maritime boundaries in the Johor and Singapore Straits; in 2008, ICJ awarded sovereignty of Pedra Branca (Pulau Batu Puteh/Horsburgh Island) to Singapore, and Middle Rocks to Malaysia, but did not rule on maritime regimes, boundaries, or disposition of South Ledge; Indonesia and Singapore continue to work on finalization of their 1973 maritime boundary agreement by defining unresolved areas north of Indonesia's Batam Island; piracy remains a problem in the Malacca Strait" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "drug abuse limited because of aggressive law enforcement efforts; as a transportation and financial services hub, Singapore is vulnerable, despite strict laws and enforcement, as a venue for money laundering" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/asia/th-thailand.json b/asia/th-thailand.json deleted file mode 100644 index 1c666c92..00000000 --- a/asia/th-thailand.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,641 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "A unified Thai kingdom was established in the mid-14th century. Known as Siam until 1939, Thailand is the only Southeast Asian country never to have been taken over by a European power. A bloodless revolution in 1932 led to a constitutional monarchy. In alliance with Japan during World War II, Thailand became a US treaty ally in 1954 after sending troops to Korea and later fighting alongside the United States in Vietnam. Thailand since 2005 has experienced several rounds of political turmoil including a military coup in 2006 that ousted then Prime Minister THAKSIN Chinnawat, followed by large-scale street protests by competing political factions in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Demonstrations in 2010 culminated with clashes between security forces and pro-THAKSIN protesters, elements of which were armed, and resulted in at least 92 deaths and an estimated $1.5 billion in arson-related property losses. THAKSIN's youngest sister, YINGLAK Chinnawat, in 2011 led the Puea Thai Party to an electoral win and assumed control of the government. YINGLAK's leadership was almost immediately challenged by historic flooding in late 2011 that had large swathes of the country underwater and threatened to inundate Bangkok itself. Throughout 2012 the Puea Thai-led government struggled with the opposition Democrat Party to fulfill some of its main election promises, including constitutional reform and political reconciliation. Since January 2004, thousands have been killed and wounded in violence associated with the ethno-nationalist insurgency in Thailand's southern Malay-Muslim majority provinces." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, southeast of Burma" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "15 00 N, 100 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Southeast Asia" - }, - "area": { - "total": "513,120 sq km", - "land": "510,890 sq km", - "water": "2,230 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly more than twice the size of Wyoming" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "4,863 km", - "border_countries": "Burma 1,800 km, Cambodia 803 km, Laos 1,754 km, Malaysia 506 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "3,219 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; rainy, warm, cloudy southwest monsoon (mid-May to September); dry, cool northeast monsoon (November to mid-March); southern isthmus always hot and humid" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "central plain; Khorat Plateau in the east; mountains elsewhere" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Gulf of Thailand 0 m", - "highest_point": "Doi Inthanon 2,576 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, tantalum, timber, lead, fish, gypsum, lignite, fluorite, arable land" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "30.71%", - "permanent_crops": "8.77%", - "other": "60.52% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "64,150 sq km (2007)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "438.6 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "57.31 cu km/yr (5%/5%/90%)", - "per_capita": "845.3 cu m/yr (2007)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "land subsidence in Bangkok area resulting from the depletion of the water table; droughts" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "air pollution from vehicle emissions; water pollution from organic and factory wastes; deforestation; soil erosion; wildlife populations threatened by illegal hunting" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Law of the Sea" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "controls only land route from Asia to Malaysia and Singapore" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Thai (singular and plural)", - "adjective": "Thai" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Thai 75%, Chinese 14%, other 11%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Thai, English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and regional dialects" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Buddhist (official) 94.6%, Muslim 4.6%, Christian 0.7%, other 0.1% (2000 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "67,448,120 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "19.2% (male 6,620,873/female 6,313,188)", - "15_24_years": "15.1% (male 5,181,468/female 4,975,083)", - "25_54_years": "45.6% (male 15,192,334/female 15,569,761)", - "55_64_years": "10.4% (male 3,345,493/female 3,661,867)", - "65_years_and_over": "9.8% (male 2,971,426/female 3,616,627) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "38.6 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "25.2 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "13.5 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "7.4 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "35.1 years", - "male": "34.2 years", - "female": "36.1 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.52% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "12.66 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "7.47 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "34.1% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "BANGKOK (capital) 6.902 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.97 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.92 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.82 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "23", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (1987 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "48 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "15.41 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "16.38 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "14.39 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "74.05 years", - "male": "71.66 years", - "female": "76.58 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.66 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "79.6% (2009)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "3.9% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.3 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "2.1 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 97% of population; rural: 95% of population; total: 96% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 3% of population; rural: 5% of population; total: 4% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 95% of population; rural: 96% of population; total: 96% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 5% of population; rural: 4% of population; total: 4% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "1.3% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "530,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "28,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea", - "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria", - "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "8.8% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "7% (2006)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "3.8% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "93.5%", - "male": "95.6%", - "female": "91.5% (2005 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "12 years", - "male": "12 years", - "female": "13 years (2009)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "818,399", - "percentage": "8 % (2006 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "2.7%", - "male": "2.5%", - "female": "3% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Kingdom of Thailand", - "conventional_short_form": "Thailand", - "local_long_form": "Ratcha Anachak Thai", - "local_short_form": "Prathet Thai", - "former": "Siam" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "constitutional monarchy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Bangkok", - "geographic_coordinates": "13 45 N, 100 31 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "77 provinces (changwat, singular and plural); Amnat Charoen, Ang Thong, Bueng Kan, Buriram, Chachoengsao, Chai Nat, Chaiyaphum, Chanthaburi, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Chon Buri, Chumphon, Kalasin, Kamphaeng Phet, Kanchanaburi, Khon Kaen, Krabi, Krung Thep Mahanakhon (Bangkok), Lampang, Lamphun, Loei, Lop Buri, Mae Hong Son, Maha Sarakham, Mukdahan, Nakhon Nayok, Nakhon Pathom, Nakhon Phanom, Nakhon Ratchasima, Nakhon Sawan, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Nan, Narathiwat, Nong Bua Lamphu, Nong Khai, Nonthaburi, Pathum Thani, Pattani, Phangnga, Phatthalung, Phayao, Phetchabun, Phetchaburi, Phichit, Phitsanulok, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Phrae, Phuket, Prachin Buri, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Ranong, Ratchaburi, Rayong, Roi Et, Sa Kaeo, Sakon Nakhon, Samut Prakan, Samut Sakhon, Samut Songkhram, Sara Buri, Satun, Sing Buri, Sisaket, Songkhla, Sukhothai, Suphan Buri, Surat Thani, Surin, Tak, Trang, Trat, Ubon Ratchathani, Udon Thani, Uthai Thani, Uttaradit, Yala, Yasothon" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "1238 (traditional founding date; never colonized)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Birthday of King PHUMIPHON (BHUMIBOL), 5 December (1927)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "24 August 2007" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system with common law influences" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "King PHUMIPHON Adunyadet, also spelled BHUMIBOL Adulyadej (since 9 June 1946)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister YINGLAK Chinnawat also spelled YINGLUCK Shinawatra (since 8 August 2011); Deputy Prime Minister KITTIRAT Na Ranong (since 28 October 2012); Deputy Prime Minister PHONGTHEP Therkanchana also spelled PHONGTHEP Thepkanchana (since 28 October 2012); Deputy Prime Minister PLODPRASOP Suraswadi (since 28 October 2012); Deputy Prime Minister PRACHA Promnok (since 24 March 2013); Deputy Prime Minister SURAPHONG Towijakchaikun also spelled SURAPONG Tovichakchaikul (since 28 October 2012); Deputy Prime Minister YUKHON Limiaemthong (since 25 March 2013)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers", - "note": "there is also a Privy Council advising the king", - "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; according to the 2007 constitution, the prime minister is elected from among members of the House of Representatives; following national elections for the House of Representatives, the leader of the party positioned to organize a majority coalition usually becomes prime minister by appointment by the king; the prime minister is limited to two four-year terms" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral National Assembly or Rathasapha consisted of the Senate or Wuthisapha (150 seats; 77 members elected by popular vote representing 77 provinces, 73 appointed by judges and independent government bodies; members serve six-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Sapha Phuthaen Ratsadon (500 seats; 375 members elected from 375 single-seat constituencies and 125 elected on proportional party-list basis; members serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "Senate - last held on 2 March 2008 (next to be held in March 2014); House of Representatives - last election held on 3 July 2011 (next to be held by July 2015)", - "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PTP 265, DP 159, PJT 34, CTP 19, others 23", - "note": "74 senators were appointed on 19 February 2008 by a seven-member committee headed by the chief of the Constitutional Court; 76 senators were elected on 2 March 2008; elections to the Senate are non-partisan; registered political party members are disqualified from being senators" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Justice (consists of the court president, 6 vice-presidents, and NA judges and organized into civil and criminal divisions); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president and 8 judges); Supreme Administrative Court (the number of judges determined by the Judicial Commission of the Administrative Courts)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges selected by the Judicial Commission of the Courts of Justice and approved by the monarch; judges' terms NA; Constitutional Court justices - 3 judges drawn from the Supreme Court, 2 judges drawn from the Administrative Court, and 4 judge candidates selected by the Selective Committee for Judges of the Constitutional Court and confirmed by the Senate; judges appointed by the monarch to serve single 9-year terms; Supreme Administrative Court judges selected by the Judicial Commission of the Administrative Courts and appointed by the monarch; judge tenure NA", - "subordinate_courts": "courts of first instance and appeals courts within both the judicial and administrative systems; military courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Chat Pattana Party or CPN (Nation Development Party [WANNARAT Channukul]; Chat Thai Phattana Party or CTP (Thai Nation Development Party) [THAWORN Jampa-ngoen (acting)]; Mahachon Party or Mass Party [APHIRAT Sirinawin]; Matubhum Party (Motherland Party [SONTHI Bunyaratkalin]; Phalang Chon Party (People [Chonburi] Power Party) [CHAO Maneewong]; Phumjai (Bhumjai) Thai Party or PJT (Thai Pride) [ANUTIN Charnvirakul]; Prachathipat Party or DP (Democrat Party) [ABHISIT Wechachiwa, also spelled ABHISIT Vejjajiva]; Prachathipathai Mai Party (New Democrat Party) [SURATIN Phijarn]; Puea Thai Party (For Thais Party) or PTP [CHARUPHONG Rueangsusan also spelled JARUPONG Ruangsuwan]; Rak Prathet Thai Party (Love Thailand Party) [CHUWIT Kamonwisit]; Rak Santi Party (Peace Conservation Party) [THAWIL Surachetphong]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Multicolor Group; People's Alliance for Democracy or PAD; United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship or UDD" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, BIS, CD, CICA, CP, EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE (partner), PCA, PIF (partner), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMOGIP, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador CHAIYONG Satchiphanon (also spelled CHAIYONG Satjipanon)", - "chancery": "1024 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Suite 401, Washington, DC 20007", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 944-3600", - "fax": "[1] (202) 944-3611", - "consulates_general": "Chicago, Los Angeles, New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Kristie A. KENNEY", - "embassy": "120-122 Wireless Road, Bangkok 10330", - "mailing_address": "APO AP 96546", - "telephone": "[66] (2) 205-4000", - "fax": "[66] (2) 254-2990, 205-4131", - "consulates_general": "Chiang Mai" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "five horizontal bands of red (top), white, blue (double width), white, and red; the red color symbolizes the nation and the blood of life; white represents religion and the purity of Buddhism; blue stands for the monarchy", - "note": "similar to the flag of Costa Rica but with the blue and red colors reversed" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "garuda (mythical half-man, half-bird figure); elephant" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Phleng Chat Thai\" (National Anthem of Thailand)", - "lyrics_music": "Luang SARANUPRAPAN/Phra JENDURIYANG", - "note": "music adopted 1932, lyrics adopted 1939; by law, people are required to stand for the national anthem at 0800 and 1800 every day; the anthem is played in schools, offices, theaters, and on television and radio during this time; \"Phleng Sansasoen Phra Barami\" (A Salute to the Monarch) serves as the royal anthem and is played in the presence of the royal family and during certain state ceremonies" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "With a well-developed infrastructure, a free-enterprise economy, generally pro-investment policies, and strong export industries, Thailand achieved steady growth due largely to industrial and agriculture exports - mostly electronics, agricultural commodities, automobiles and parts, and processed foods. Thailand is trying to maintain growth by encouraging domestic consumption and public investment to offset weak exports in 2012. Unemployment, at less than 1% of the labor force, stands as one of the lowest levels in the world, which puts upward pressure on wages in some industries. Thailand also attracts nearly 2.5 million migrant workers from neighboring countries. The Thai government is implementing a nation-wide 300 baht ($10) per day minimum wage policy and deploying new tax reforms designed to lower rates on middle-income earners. The Thai economy has weathered internal and external economic shocks in recent years. The global economic crisis severely cut Thailand's exports, with most sectors experiencing double-digit drops. In 2009, the economy contracted 2.3%. However, in 2010, Thailand's economy expanded 7.8%, its fastest pace since 1995, as exports rebounded. In late 2011 growth was interrupted by historic flooding in the industrial areas in Bangkok and its five surrounding provinces, crippling the manufacturing sector. Industry recovered from the second quarter of 2012 onward with GDP growth at 5.5% in 2012. The government has approved flood mitigation projects worth $11.7 billion, which were started in 2012, to prevent similar economic damage, and an additional $75 billion for infrastructure over the next seven years with a plan to start in 2013." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$662.6 billion (2012 est.); $622.5 billion (2011 est.); $622 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$365.6 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "6.4% (2012 est.); 0.1% (2011 est.); 7.8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$10,300 (2012 est.); $9,700 (2011 est.); $9,700 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "30.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 28.3% of GDP (2011 est.); 29.1% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "55.3%", - "government_consumption": "13.6%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "28.5%", - "investment_in_inventories": "1.2%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "75%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-73.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "12.3%", - "industry": "43.6%", - "services": "44.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "rice, cassava (manioc), rubber, corn, sugarcane, coconuts, soybeans" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "tourism, textiles and garments, agricultural processing, beverages, tobacco, cement, light manufacturing such as jewelry and electric appliances, computers and parts, integrated circuits, furniture, plastics, automobiles and automotive parts; world's second-largest tungsten producer and third-largest tin producer" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "7.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "39.41 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "38.2%", - "industry": "13.6%", - "services": "48.2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "0.7% (2012 est.); 0.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "7.8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.8%", - "highest_10%": "31.5% (2009 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "53.6 (2009); 42 (2002)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$71.4 billion", - "expenditures": "$88.03 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "19.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-4.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "44.5% of GDP (2012 est.); 40.3% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 October - 30 September" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "3% (2012 est.); 3.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "2.75% (31 December 2012 est.); 3.25% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "7.1% (31 December 2012 est.); 6.91% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$52.18 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $44.63 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$488.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $429.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$480.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $403.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$245 billion (31 December 2012); $230.9 billion (31 December 2011); $218.7 billion (31 December 2010)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$2.728 billion (2012 est.); $5.889 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$226.2 billion (2012 est.); $219.1 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "electronics, computer parts, automobiles and parts, electrical appliances, machinery and equipment, textiles and footwear, fishery products, rice, rubber" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "China 11.7%, Japan 10.2%, US 9.9%, Hong Kong 5.7%, Malaysia 5.4%, Indonesia 4.9%, Singapore 4.7%, Australia 4.3% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$217.8 billion (2012 est.); $202.1 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "capital goods, intermediate goods and raw materials, consumer goods, fuels" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Japan 20%, China 14.9%, UAE 6.3%, Malaysia 5.3%, US 5.3% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$181.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $175.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$133.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $104.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$159.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $150.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$51.59 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $40.65 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "baht per US dollar -; 31.083 (2012 est.); 30.492 (2011 est.); 31.686 (2010 est.); 34.286 (2009); 33.37 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "173.3 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "169.4 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "1.535 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "9.575 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "32.6 million kW (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "89% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "10.9% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0.2% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "213,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "32,200 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "793,900 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "442 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "913,600 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "721,100 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "192,400 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "41,700 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "28.21 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "45.08 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "8.81 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "299.8 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "278.5 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "6.661 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "77.605 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "high quality system, especially in urban areas like Bangkok", - "domestic": "fixed line system provided by both a government-owned and commercial provider; wireless service expanding rapidly", - "international": "country code - 66; connected to major submarine cable systems providing links throughout Asia, Australia, Middle East, Europe, and US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean, 1 Pacific Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "6 terrestrial TV stations in Bangkok broadcast nationally via relay stations - 2 of the networks are owned by the military, the other 4 are government-owned or controlled, leased to private enterprise, and all are required to broadcast government-produced news programs twice a day; multi-channel satellite and cable TV subscription services are available; radio frequencies have been allotted for more than 500 government and commercial radio stations; many small community radio stations operate with low-power transmitters (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".th" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "3.399 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "17.483 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "101 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "63", - "over_3_047_m": "8", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "12", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "23", - "914_to_1_523_m": "14", - "under_914_m": "6 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "38", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "10", - "under_914_m": "26 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "7 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "condensate 2 km; gas 5,900 km; liquid petroleum gas 85 km; oil 1 km; refined products 1,097 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "4,071 km", - "standard_gauge": "29 km 1.435-m gauge (29 km electrified)", - "narrow_gauge": "4,042 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "180,053 km (includes 450 km of expressways) (2006)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "4,000 km (3,701 km navigable by boats with drafts up to 0.9 m) (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "363", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 31, cargo 99, chemical tanker 28, container 18, liquefied gas 36, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 10, petroleum tanker 114, refrigerated cargo 24, roll on/roll off 1, vehicle carrier 1", - "foreign_owned": "13 (China 1, Hong Kong 1, Malaysia 3, Singapore 1, Taiwan 1, UK 6)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "46 (Bahamas 4, Belize 1, Honduras 2, Panama 6, Singapore 33) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Bangkok, Laem Chabang, Map Ta Phut, Prachuap Port, Si Racha" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Royal Thai Army (Kongthap Bok Thai, RTA), Royal Thai Navy (Kongthap Ruea Thai, RTN, includes Royal Thai Marine Corps), Royal Thai Air Force (Kongthap Agard Thai, RTAF) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "21 years of age for compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary military service; males register at 18 years of age; 2-year conscript service obligation (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "17,689,921", - "females_age_16_49": "17,754,795 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "13,308,372", - "females_age_16_49": "14,182,567 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "533,424", - "female": "509,780 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.8% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "separatist violence in Thailand's predominantly Malay-Muslim southern provinces prompt border closures and controls with Malaysia to stem insurgent activities; Southeast Asian states have enhanced border surveillance to check the spread of avian flu; talks continue on completion of demarcation with Laos but disputes remain over several islands in the Mekong River; despite continuing border committee talks, Thailand must deal with Karen and other ethnic rebels, refugees, and illegal cross-border activities; Cambodia and Thailand dispute sections of boundary; in 2011 Thailand and Cambodia resorted to arms in the dispute over the location of the boundary on the precipice surmounted by Preah Vihear temple ruins, awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962 and part of a planned UN World Heritage site; Thailand is studying the feasibility of jointly constructing the Hatgyi Dam on the Salween river near the border with Burma; in 2004, international environmentalist pressure prompted China to halt construction of 13 dams on the Salween River that flows through China, Burma, and Thailand; 140,000 mostly Karen refugees fleeing civil strife, political upheaval and economic stagnation in Burma live in remote camps in Thailand near the border" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "83,317 (Burma) (2012)", - "idps": "undetermined (resurgence in ethno-nationalist violence in south of country since 2004) (2011)", - "stateless_persons": "506,197 (2012); note - about half of Thailand's northern hill tribe people do not have citizenship and make up the bulk of Thailand's stateless population; most lack documentation showing they or one of their parents were born in Thailand; children born to Burmese refugees are not eligible for Burmese or Thai citizenship and are stateless; most Chao Lay, maritime nomadic peoples, who travel from island to island in the Andaman Sea west of Thailand are also stateless; stateless Rohingya refugees from Burma are considered illegal migrants by Thai authorities and are detained in inhumane conditions or expelled; stateless persons are denied access to voting, property, education, employment, healthcare, and driving" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Thailand is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; victims, who are most often from neighboring countries, especially Burma, and also China, Vietnam, Russia, Uzbekistan, and Fiji, migrate to Thailand in search of economic opportunities but are forced, coerced, or defrauded into labor or commercial sexual exploitation; forced laborers are exploited in fishing, low-end garment production, domestic service, and some are forced to beg; some men forced to work on fishing boats have reportedly been kept at sea for years; sex trafficking of Thai and migrant children and sex tourism remain significant problems; Thailand is a transit country for victims from North Korea, China, Vietnam, Pakistan, and Burma destined for exploitation in third countries, including Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Russia, the Republic of Korea, the US, and Western European countries", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Thailand does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; the government investigated more trafficking-related cases but prosecuted and convicted fewer trafficking offender in 2012 than it did in the previous year; widespread corruption among law enforcement personnel creates an enabling environment for human trafficking; local authorities lack an awareness of the elements of trafficking and are deficient at identifying and protecting victims; weak law enforcement, inadequate human and financial resources, and fragmented coordination among regulatory agencies in the fishing industry contributes to overall impunity for exploitive labor practices in this sector; no labor recruitment companies have been punished for forced labor or trafficking allegations (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "a minor producer of opium, heroin, and marijuana; transit point for illicit heroin en route to the international drug market from Burma and Laos; eradication efforts have reduced the area of cannabis cultivation and shifted some production to neighboring countries; opium poppy cultivation has been reduced by eradication efforts; also a drug money-laundering center; minor role in methamphetamine production for regional consumption; major consumer of methamphetamine since the 1990s despite a series of government crackdowns" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/asia/tj-tajikistan.json b/asia/tj-tajikistan.json deleted file mode 100644 index 83de3f00..00000000 --- a/asia/tj-tajikistan.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,605 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The Tajik people came under Russian rule in the 1860s and 1870s, but Russia's hold on Central Asia weakened following the Revolution of 1917. Bolshevik control of the area was fiercely contested and not fully reestablished until 1925. Much of present-day Sughd province was transferred from the Uzbek SSR to the newly formed Tajik SSR in 1929. Ethnic Uzbeks form a substantial minority in Tajikistan. Tajikistan became independent in 1991 following the breakup of the Soviet Union, and experienced a civil war between regional factions from 1992-97. Tajikistan endured several domestic security incidents in 2010-12, including a mass prison-break from a Dushanbe detention facility, the country's first suicide car bombing in Khujand, and armed conflict between government forces and local strongmen in the Rasht Valley and government forces and criminal groups in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast. The country remains the poorest in the former Soviet sphere. Attention by the international community since the beginning of the NATO intervention in Afghanistan has brought increased economic and security assistance, which could create jobs and strengthen stability in the long term. Tajikistan joined NATO's Partnership for Peace in 2002, and became a member of the World Trade Organization in March 2013." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Central Asia, west of China, south of Kyrgyzstan" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "39 00 N, 71 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Asia" - }, - "area": { - "total": "143,100 sq km", - "land": "141,510 sq km", - "water": "2,590 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Wisconsin" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "3,651 km", - "border_countries": "Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "Pamir and Alay Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Syr Darya (Sirdaryo) 300 m", - "highest_point": "Qullai Somoniyon 7,495 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "hydropower, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten, silver, gold" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "5.96%", - "permanent_crops": "0.91%", - "other": "93.13% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "7,421 sq km (2009)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "21.91 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "11.49 cu km/yr (6%/4%/91%)", - "per_capita": "1,740 cu m/yr (2006)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "earthquakes; floods" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; mountainous region dominated by the Trans-Alay Range in the north and the Pamirs in the southeast; highest point, Qullai Ismoili Somoni (formerly Communism Peak), was the tallest mountain in the former USSR" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Tajikistani(s)", - "adjective": "Tajikistani" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Tajik 79.9%, Uzbek 15.3%, Russian 1.1%, Kyrgyz 1.1%, other 2.6% (2000 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Sunni Muslim 85%, Shia Muslim 5%, other 10% (2003 est.)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "7,910,041 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "33.4% (male 1,343,251/female 1,296,192)", - "15_24_years": "20.4% (male 818,089/female 795,303)", - "25_54_years": "38.5% (male 1,501,713/female 1,541,413)", - "55_64_years": "4.6% (male 165,220/female 195,363)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.2% (male 106,605/female 146,892) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "64.1 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "58.9 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.2 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "19.1 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "23.2 years", - "male": "22.7 years", - "female": "23.7 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.79% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "25.49 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "6.38 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-1.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "26.5% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.66% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "DUSHANBE (capital) 704,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.97 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.85 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.73 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "22.3 (2001 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "65 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "36.16 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "40.65 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "31.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "66.72 years", - "male": "63.63 years", - "female": "69.97 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.8 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "27.9% (2012)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "6% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "2.01 physicians/1,000 population (2006)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "5.2 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 92% of population; rural: 54% of population; total: 64% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 8% of population; rural: 46% of population; total: 36% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 95% of population; rural: 94% of population; total: 94% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 5% of population; rural: 6% of population; total: 6% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.2% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "9,100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 500 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_disease": "malaria (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "8.6% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "15% (2005)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "3.9% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99.7%", - "male": "99.8%", - "female": "99.6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "12 years", - "male": "12 years", - "female": "11 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "164,432", - "percentage": "10 % (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Tajikistan", - "conventional_short_form": "Tajikistan", - "local_long_form": "Jumhurii Tojikiston", - "local_short_form": "Tojikiston", - "former": "Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Dushanbe", - "geographic_coordinates": "38 33 N, 68 46 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "2 provinces (viloyatho, singular - viloyat), 1 autonomous province* (viloyati mukhtor), 1 capital region** (viloyati poytakht), and 1 area referred to as Districts Under Republic Administration***; Dushanbe**, Khatlon (Qurghonteppa), Kuhistoni Badakhshon [Gorno-Badakhshan]* (Khorugh), Nohiyahoi Tobei Jumhuri***, Sughd (Khujand)", - "note": "the administrative center name follows in parentheses" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "9 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day (or National Day), 9 September (1991)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "6 November 1994" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Emomali RAHMON (since 6 November 1994; head of state and Supreme Assembly chairman since 19 November 1992)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Oqil OQILOV (since 20 December 1999); First Deputy Prime Minister Matlubkhon DAVLATOV (since 5 January 2012)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Supreme Assembly", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (technically eligible for two terms); election last held on 6 November 2006 (next to be held in November 2013); prime minister appointed by the president", - "election_results": "Emomali RAHMON reelected president; percent of vote - Emomali RAHMON 79.3%, Olimjon BOBOEV 6.2%, other 14.5%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Supreme Assembly or Majlisi Oli consists of the National Assembly (upper chamber) or Majlisi Milli (34 seats; 25 members selected by local deputies, 8 appointed by the president; 1 seat reserved for the former president; members serve five-year terms) and the Assembly of Representatives (lower chamber) or Majlisi Namoyandagon (63 seats; 41 members elected through constituencies, 22 members elected through party selection; members serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "National Assembly - last held on 28 February 2010 (next to be held in February 2015); Assembly of Representatives - last held on 28 February 2010 (next to be held in February 2015)", - "election_results": "National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Assembly of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDPT 71%, IRPT 8.2%, CPT 7%, APT 5.1%, PER 5.1%, other 3.6%; seats by party - PDPT 55, IRPT 2, CPT 2, APT 2, PER 2" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the chairman, deputy chairmen, and 34 judges organized into civil, criminal, and military chambers); Constitutional Court (consists of the court chairman, vice-president, and 5 judges); High Economic Court (consists 16 judicial positions)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court, Constitutional Court, and High Economic Court judges nominated by the president of the republic and approved by the National Assembly; judges of all three courts appointed for 10-year renewable terms with no limit on terms, but last appointment must occur before the age of 65", - "subordinate_courts": "regional and district courts; Dushanbe City Court; viloyat (province level) courts; Court of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Agrarian Party of Tajikistan or APT [Amir QARAQULOV]; Communist Party of Tajikistan or CPT [Shodi SHABDOLOV]; Islamic Revival Party of Tajikistan or IRPT [Muhiddin KABIRI]; Party of Economic Reform or PER [Olimjon BOBOEV]; People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMON]; Social Democratic Party of Tajikistan or SDPT [Rahmatullo ZOYIROV]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "influential religious leader Akbar TURAJONZODA; unregistered Youth Party of Tajikistan [Izzat AMON]; unregistered opposition group Guruhi-24 (Group-24) [Umarali QUVVATOV]; Vatandor (Patriot) Movement [Dodojon ATOVULLOEV]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, G-77, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Nuriddin SHAMSOV", - "chancery": "1005 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 223-6090", - "fax": "[1] (202) 223-6091" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Susan M. ELLIOTT", - "embassy": "109-A Ismoili Somoni Avenue, Dushanbe 734019", - "mailing_address": "7090 Dushanbe Place, Dulles, VA 20189", - "telephone": "[992] (37) 229-20-00", - "fax": "[992] (37) 229-20-50" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a gold crown surmounted by seven gold, five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe; red represents the sun, victory, and the unity of the nation, white stands for purity, cotton, and mountain snows, while green is the color of Islam and the bounty of nature; the crown symbolizes the Tajik people; the seven stars signify the Tajik magic number \"seven\" - a symbol of perfection and the embodiment of happiness" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "crown surmounted by seven, five-pointed stars" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Surudi milli\" (National Anthem)", - "lyrics_music": "Gulnazar KELDI/Suleiman YUDAKOV", - "note": "adopted 1991; after the fall of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan kept the music of the anthem from its time as a Soviet republic but adopted new lyrics" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Tajikistan has one of the lowest per capita GDPs among the 15 former Soviet republics. Because of a lack of employment opportunities in Tajikistan, more than one million Tajik citizens work abroad, almost all of them in Russia, supporting families in Tajikistan through remittances. Less than 7% of the land area is arable. Cotton is the most important crop, and its production is closely monitored, and in many cases controlled, by the government. In the wake of the National Bank of Tajikistan's admission in December 2007 that it had improperly lent money to investors in the cotton sector, the IMF canceled its program in Tajikistan. A reform agenda is underway, according to which over half a billion dollars in farmer debt has been forgiven, and IMF assistance has been reinstated. Mineral resources include silver, gold, uranium, and tungsten. Industry consists mainly of a large aluminum plant, hydropower facilities, and small obsolete factories mostly in light industry and food processing. The civil war (1992-97) severely damaged the already weak economic infrastructure and caused a sharp decline in industrial and agricultural production. Tajikistan's economic situation remains fragile due to uneven implementation of structural reforms, corruption, weak governance, seasonal power shortages, and the external debt burden. Electricity output expanded with the completion of the Sangtuda-1 hydropower dam - finished in 2009 with Russian investment. The smaller Sangtuda-2, built with Iranian investment, began operating in 2012. The government of Tajikistan is pinning major hopes on the massive Roghun dam which, if finished according to Tajik plans, will be the tallest dam in the world and significantly expand electricity output. The World Bank is funding two feasibility studies for the dam (technical-economic, and social-environmental), scheduled to be completed in mid-2013. In January 2010, the government began selling shares in the Roghun enterprise to its population, ultimately raising over $180 million but Tajikistan will still need significant investment to complete the dam. According to numerous reports, many Tajik individuals and businesses were forced to buy shares. The coerced share sales finally ended in mid-2010 under intense criticism from donors, particularly the IMF. Food and fuel prices in 2011 increased to the highest levels seen since 2002 due in part to an increase in rail transport tariffs through Uzbekistan. Tajikistan imports approximately 60% of its food and 90% of that comes by rail. Uzbekistan closed one of the rail lines into Tajikistan in late 2011, hampering the transit of goods to and from the southern part of the country." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$18.04 billion (2012 est.); $16.78 billion (2011 est.); $15.63 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$7.592 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "7.5% (2012 est.); 7.4% (2011 est.); 6.5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$2,300 (2012 est.); $2,200 (2011 est.); $2,100 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "13.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 17.4% of GDP (2011 est.); 16% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "81.5%", - "government_consumption": "26.2%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "16.6%", - "investment_in_inventories": "14.2%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "10.6%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-49.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "20%", - "industry": "20.2%", - "services": "59.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "aluminum, cement, vegetable oil" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "2.1 million (2012)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "47.9%", - "industry": "10.9%", - "services": "41.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "2.5% (2012 est.); 2.2% (2009 est.)", - "note": "official rates; actual unemployment is much higher" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "39.6% (December 2012 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.5%", - "highest_10%": "24.3% (2009 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "32.6 (2006); 34.7 (1998)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$2.153 billion", - "expenditures": "$2.026 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "28.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "1.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "5.8% (2012 est.); 12.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "6.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 5% (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "17.1% (31 December 2012 est.); 26.34% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$1.27 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $989.1 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$2 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.979 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$1.28 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.009 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$401 million (2012 est.); -$303.9 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$1.803 billion (2012 est.); $1.739 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "aluminum, electricity, cotton, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Turkey 30.5%, China 9.6%, Iran 7.7%, Afghanistan 6.5%, Kazakhstan 4.9%, Russia 4.3% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$4.029 billion (2012 est.); $3.54 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "petroleum products, aluminum oxide, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 42.3%, Russia 16.2%, Kazakhstan 10.1%, Turkey 5.7%, Iran 4.2% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$628.5 million (31 December 2012 est.); $532.4 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$3.418 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.323 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$1.8 billion (February 2013 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$18.5 billion (31 December 2010 est.); $16.3 billion (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Tajikistani somoni (TJS) per US dollar -; 4.738 (2012 est.); 4.6102 (2011 est.); 4.379 (2010 est.); 4.1428 (2009); 3.4563 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "16.9 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "15.9 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "1 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "300.5 million kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "4.5 million kW (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "9% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "91% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "215 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "80 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "12 million bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "NA bbl/day" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "45,810 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "225.2 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "7,758 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "40 million cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "172 million cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "132.4 million cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "5.663 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "6.678 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "380,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "6.324 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "foreign investment in the telephone system has resulted in major improvements; conversion of the existing fixed network from analogue to digital was completed in 2012", - "domestic": "fixed line availability has not changed significantly since 1998 while mobile cellular subscribership, aided by competition among multiple operators, has expanded rapidly; coverage now extends to all major cities and towns", - "international": "country code - 992; linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by Intelsat to international gateway switch in Ankara (Turkey); satellite earth stations - 3 (2 Intelsat and 1 Orbita) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-run TV broadcaster transmits nationally on 4 stations and regionally on 4 stations; 11 independent TV stations broadcast locally and regionally; some households are able to receive Russian and other foreign stations via cable and satellite; state-run radio broadcaster operates Radio Tajikistan, Voice of Dushanbe, and several regional stations; a small number of independent radio stations (2010)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".tj" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "6,258 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "700,000 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "24 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "17", - "over_3_047_m": "2", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "4", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "5", - "914_to_1_523_m": "3", - "under_914_m": "3 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "7", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1", - "under_914_m": "5 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 549 km; oil 38 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "680 km", - "broad_gauge": "680 km 1.520-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "27,767 km (2000)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "200 km (along Vakhsh River) (2011)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Ground Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Mobile Forces (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service; 2-year conscript service obligation; males required to undergo compulsory military training between ages 16 and 55; males can enroll in military schools from at least age 15 (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,012,790", - "females_age_16_49": "2,020,618 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,490,267", - "females_age_16_49": "1,675,083 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "76,430", - "female": "74,038 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.5% of GDP (2010)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "in 2006, China and Tajikistan pledged to commence demarcation of the revised boundary agreed to in the delimitation of 2002; talks continue with Uzbekistan to delimit border and remove minefields; disputes in Isfara Valley delay delimitation with Kyrgyzstan" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "stateless_persons": "2,300 (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "major transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit cultivation of opium poppy for domestic consumption; Tajikistan seizes roughly 80% of all drugs captured in Central Asia and stands third worldwide in seizures of opiates (heroin and raw opium); significant consumer of opiates" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/asia/tl-timor-leste.json b/asia/tl-timor-leste.json deleted file mode 100644 index f95534fb..00000000 --- a/asia/tl-timor-leste.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,556 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The Portuguese began to trade with the island of Timor in the early 16th century and colonized it in mid-century. Skirmishing with the Dutch in the region eventually resulted in an 1859 treaty in which Portugal ceded the western portion of the island. Imperial Japan occupied Portuguese Timor from 1942 to 1945, but Portugal resumed colonial authority after the Japanese defeat in World War II. East Timor declared itself independent from Portugal on 28 November 1975 and was invaded and occupied by Indonesian forces nine days later. It was incorporated into Indonesia in July 1976 as the province of Timor Timur (East Timor). An unsuccessful campaign of pacification followed over the next two decades, during which an estimated 100,000 to 250,000 individuals lost their lives. On 30 August 1999, in a UN-supervised popular referendum, an overwhelming majority of the people of Timor-Leste voted for independence from Indonesia. However, in the next three weeks, anti-independence Timorese militias - organized and supported by the Indonesian military - commenced a large-scale, scorched-earth campaign of retribution. The militias killed approximately 1,400 Timorese and forcibly pushed 300,000 people into western Timor as refugees. Most of the country's infrastructure, including homes, irrigation systems, water supply systems, and schools, and nearly 100% of the country's electrical grid were destroyed. On 20 September 1999, Australian-led peacekeeping troops deployed to the country and brought the violence to an end. On 20 May 2002, Timor-Leste was internationally recognized as an independent state. In 2006, internal tensions threatened the new nation's security when a military strike led to violence and a breakdown of law and order. At Dili's request, an Australian-led International Stabilization Force (ISF) deployed to Timor-Leste, and the UN Security Council established the UN Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT), which included an authorized police presence of over 1,600 personnel. The ISF and UNMIT restored stability, allowing for presidential and parliamentary elections in 2007 in a largely peaceful atmosphere. In February 2008, a rebel group staged an unsuccessful attack against the president and prime minister. The ringleader was killed in the attack, and most of the rebels surrendered in April 2008. Since the attack, the government has enjoyed one of its longest periods of post-independence stability, including successful 2012 elections for both the parliament and president. In late 2012, the UN Security Council voted to end its peacekeeping mission in Timor-Leste and both the ISF and UNMIT departed the country by the end of the year." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southeastern Asia, northwest of Australia in the Lesser Sunda Islands at the eastern end of the Indonesian archipelago; note - Timor-Leste includes the eastern half of the island of Timor, the Oecussi (Ambeno) region on the northwest portion of the island of Timor, and the islands of Pulau Atauro and Pulau Jaco" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "8 50 S, 125 55 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Southeast Asia" - }, - "area": { - "total": "14,874 sq km", - "land": "14,874 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than Connecticut" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "228 km", - "border_countries": "Indonesia 228 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "706 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_fishing_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; hot, humid; distinct rainy and dry seasons" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mountainous" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Timor Sea, Savu Sea, and Banda Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Foho Tatamailau 2,963 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "gold, petroleum, natural gas, manganese, marble" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "10.09%", - "permanent_crops": "4.03%", - "other": "85.88% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "346.5 sq km (2003)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "floods and landslides are common; earthquakes; tsunamis; tropical cyclones" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "widespread use of slash and burn agriculture has led to deforestation and soil erosion" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "Timor comes from the Malay word for \"East\"; the island of Timor is part of the Malay Archipelago and is the largest and easternmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Timorese", - "adjective": "Timorese" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian), Papuan, small Chinese minority" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Tetum (official), Portuguese (official), Indonesian, English", - "note": "there are about 16 indigenous languages; Tetum, Galole, Mambae, and Kemak are spoken by a significant portion of the population" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 98%, Muslim 1%, Protestant 1% (2005)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "1,172,390", - "note": "other estimates range as low as 800,000" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "42.7% (male 257,340/female 243,174)", - "15_24_years": "19.7% (male 116,605/female 114,203)", - "25_54_years": "29.3% (male 166,048/female 177,024)", - "55_64_years": "4.8% (male 28,717/female 27,011)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.6% (male 20,428/female 21,840) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "96.3 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "89.9 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.4 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "15.5 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "18.4 years", - "male": "17.8 years", - "female": "19 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.47% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "34.85 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "6.28 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-3.88 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "28.3% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "4.25% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "DILI (capital) 166,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.94 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.96 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.01 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "22.1", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "300 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "40.09 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "43.23 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "36.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "67.06 years", - "male": "65.57 years", - "female": "68.65 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "5.22 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "22.3% (2009/10)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "9.1% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.1 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "5.9 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 91% of population; rural: 60% of population; total: 69% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 9% of population; rural: 40% of population; total: 31% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 73% of population; rural: 37% of population; total: 47% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 27% of population; rural: 63% of population; total: 53% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever and malaria (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "2.7% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "45.3% (2010)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "10.1% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "58.3%", - "male": "63.6%", - "female": "53% (2010 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "12 years (2009)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "10,510", - "percentage": "4 % (2002 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (pronounced TEE-mor LESS-tay)", - "conventional_short_form": "Timor-Leste", - "local_long_form": "Republika Demokratika Timor Lorosa'e [Tetum]; Republica Democratica de Timor-Leste [Portuguese]", - "local_short_form": "Timor Lorosa'e [Tetum]; Timor-Leste [Portuguese]", - "former": "East Timor, Portuguese Timor" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Dili", - "geographic_coordinates": "8 35 S, 125 36 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "13 administrative districts; Aileu, Ainaro, Baucau, Bobonaro (Maliana), Cova-Lima (Suai), Dili, Ermera (Gleno), Lautem (Los Palos), Liquica, Manatuto, Manufahi (Same), Oecussi (Ambeno), Viqueque", - "note": "administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "28 November 1975 (independence proclaimed from Portugal); note - 20 May 2002 is the official date of international recognition of Timor-Leste's independence" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Proclamation of Independence Day, 28 November (1975)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "20 May 2002 (effective date)" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system based on the Portuguese model; note - penal and civil law codes to replace the Indonesian codes were passed by Parliament and promulgated in 2009 and 2011, respectively" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "17 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Taur Matan RUAK (Jose Maria de VASCONCELOS) (since 20 May 2012); note - the president plays a largely symbolic role but is the commander in chief of the military and is able to veto legislation, dissolve parliament, and call national elections", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Kay Rala Xanana GUSMAO (since 8 August 2007); note - he formerly used the name Jose Alexandre GUSMAO; Vice Prime Minister Fernando \"Lasama\" de ARAUJO (since 8 August 2012)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers", - "elections": "the president is elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); an election was held on 17 March 2012 with a run-off on 16 April 2012; following parliamentary elections, the president appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as the prime minister", - "election_results": "Taur Matan RUAK elected president in 2012; percent of second-round vote - Taur Matan RUAK 61.2%, Francisco GUTTERES 38.8%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Parliament (the number of seats can vary from 52 to 65; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms in a modified proportional representation system)", - "elections": "elections were held on 7 July 2012 (next to be held in July 2017)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - CNRT 36%, FRETILIN 30%, PD 10%, Frenti-Mudanca 3%, others 21%; seats by party - CNRT 30, FRETILIN 25, PD 8, Frenti-Mudanca 2" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Justice (consists of the court president and NA judges) note - the UN Justice System Programme, launched in 2003 and in 2008, is helping strengthen the country's justice system", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court president appointed by the president of the republic from among the other court judges to serve a 4-year term; other Supreme Court judges appointed - 1 by the Parliament, and the others by the Supreme Council for the Judiciary, a body presided by the Supreme Court president and includes mostly presidential and parliamentary appointees; other Supreme Court judge tenure NA", - "subordinate_courts": "Court of Appeal; district courts; magistrates' courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Democratic Party or PD [Fernando \"Lasama\" de ARAUJO]; Frenti-Mudanca [Jose Luis GUTERRES]; National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction or CNRT [Kay Rala Xanana GUSMAO]; Revolutionary Front of Independent Timor-Leste or FRETILIN [Mari ALKATIRI]; (only parties in Parliament are listed)" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, ARF, ASEAN (observer), CPLP, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PIF (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WMO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Julio da Costa FREITAS", - "chancery": "4201 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 504,Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 966-3202", - "fax": "[1] (202) 966-3205" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Judith R. FERGIN", - "embassy": "Avenida de Portugal, Praia dos Coqueiros, Dili", - "mailing_address": "US Department of State, 8250 Dili Place, Washington, DC 20521-8250", - "telephone": "(670) 332-4684", - "fax": "(670) 331-3206" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "red, with a black isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) superimposed on a slightly longer yellow arrowhead that extends to the center of the flag; a white star - pointing to the upper hoist-side corner of the flag - is in the center of the black triangle; yellow denotes the colonialism in Timor-Leste's past; black represents the obscurantism that needs to be overcome; red stands for the national liberation struggle; the white star symbolizes peace and serves as a guiding light" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Patria\" (Fatherland)", - "lyrics_music": "Fransisco Borja DA COSTA/Afonso DE ARAUJO", - "note": "adopted 2002; the song was first used as an anthem when Timor-Leste declared its independence from Portugal in 1975; the lyricist, Fransisco Borja DA COSTA, was killed in the Indonesian invasion just days after independence was declared" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Since its 1999 independence, Timor-Leste has faced great challenges in rebuilding its infrastructure, strengthening the civil administration, and generating jobs for young people entering the work force. The development of oil and gas resources in offshore waters has greatly supplemented government revenues. This technology-intensive industry, however, has done little to create jobs for the unemployed in part because there are no production facilities in Timor-Leste. Gas is piped to Australia. In June 2005, the National Parliament unanimously approved the creation of a Petroleum Fund to serve as a repository for all petroleum revenues and to preserve the value of Timor-Leste's petroleum wealth for future generations. The Fund held assets of US$9.3 billion as of December 2011. The economy continues to recover from the mid-2006 outbreak of violence and civil unrest, which disrupted both private and public sector economic activity. Government spending increased markedly from 2009 through 2012, primarily on basic infrastructure, including electricity and roads. Limited experience in procurement and infrastructure building has hampered these projects. The underlying economic policy challenge the country faces remains how best to use oil-and-gas wealth to lift the non-oil economy onto a higher growth path and to reduce poverty. Timor-Leste had a balanced budget in 2012 with government expenditures of $1.7 billion focusing on development of public infrastructure. On the strength of its oil-wealth, the economy has achieved real growth of approximately 10% per year for the last several years, among the highest sustained growth rates in the world." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$11.23 billion (2012 est.); $10.21 billion (2011 est.); $9.228 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$4.173 billion", - "note": "non-oil GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "10% (2012 est.); 10.6% (2011 est.); 9.5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$10,000 (2012 est.); $9,300 (2011 est.); $8,600 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "28.8%", - "government_consumption": "25.1%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "13.3%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "74.9%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-42.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "4.3%", - "industry": "68.3%", - "services": "27.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "coffee, rice, corn, cassava (manioc), sweet potatoes, soybeans, cabbage, mangoes, bananas, vanilla" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "printing, soap manufacturing, handicrafts, woven cloth" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "418,200 (2009)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "64%", - "industry": "10%", - "services": "26% (2010)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "18.4% (2010 est.); 20% (2006 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "41% (2009 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "4%", - "highest_10%": "27% (2007)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "31.9 (2007 est.); 38 (2002 est.)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$1.5 billion", - "expenditures": "$1.6 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "35.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-2.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "11.8% (2012 est.); 13.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "12.21% (31 December 2012 est.); 11.04% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$205.8 million (31 December 2012 est.); $162.7 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$386.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $322.4 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$681 million (31 December 2012 est.); $280 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$2.375 billion (2011 est.); $1.161 billion (2007 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$34.1 million (2011 est.); $17.8 million (2010 est.)", - "note": "excludes oil" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "oil, coffee, sandalwood, marble", - "note": "potential for vanilla exports" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$689 million (2011 est.); $378 million (2010 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "food, gasoline, kerosene, machinery" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "the US dollar is used" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "131.7 million kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "67.59 million kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "83,740 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "96,270 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "553.8 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "2,755 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "2,205 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "200 billion cu m (1 January 2006 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "395,300 Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "3,100 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "614,200 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "rudimentary service in urban and some rural areas, which is expanding with the entrance of new competitors", - "domestic": "system suffered significant damage during the violence associated with independence; limited fixed-line services; mobile-cellular services have been expanding and are now available in urban and most rural areas", - "international": "country code - 670; international service is available (2012)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "1 public TV broadcast station broadcasting nationally and 1 public radio broadcaster with stations in each of the 13 administrative districts; 1 commercial TV broadcast station, 3 commercial radio stations, and roughly 20 community radio stations (2012)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".tl" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "252 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "2,100 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "6 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "2", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "4", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2", - "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "8 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "6,040 km", - "paved": "2,600 km", - "unpaved": "3,440 km (2005)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "1", - "by_type": "passenger/cargo 1 (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Dili" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Timor-Leste Defense Force (Falintil-Forcas de Defesa de Timor-L'este, Falintil (F-FDTL)): Army, Navy (Armada) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; 18-month service obligation; no conscription but, as of May 2013, introduction of conscription was under discussion (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "305,643", - "females_age_16_49": "293,052 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "243,120", - "females_age_16_49": "251,061 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "12,737", - "female": "12,389 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "three stretches of land borders with Timor-Leste have yet to be delimited, two of which are in the Oecussi exclave area, and no maritime or Economic Exclusion Zone boundaries have been established between the countries; maritime boundaries with Indonesia remain unresolved; many refugees who left Timor-Leste in 2003 still reside in Indonesia and refuse repatriation; in 2007, Australia and Timor-Leste signed a 50-year development zone and revenue sharing agreement in lieu of a maritime boundary" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "NA" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/asia/tm-turkmenistan.json b/asia/tm-turkmenistan.json deleted file mode 100644 index 7941535b..00000000 --- a/asia/tm-turkmenistan.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,593 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Present-day Turkmenistan covers territory that has been at the crossroads of civilizations for centuries. The area was ruled in antiquity by various Persian empires, and was conquered by Alexander the Great, Muslim crusaders, the Mongols, Turkic warriors, and eventually the Russians. In medieval times Merv (today known as Mary) was one of the great cities of the Islamic world and an important stop on the Silk Road. Annexed by Russia in the late 1800s, Turkmenistan later figured prominently in the anti-Bolshevik movement in Central Asia. In 1924, Turkmenistan became a Soviet republic; it achieved independence upon the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. Extensive hydrocarbon/natural gas reserves, which have yet to be fully exploited, have begun to transform the country. Turkmenistan is moving to expand its extraction and delivery projects. The Government of Turkmenistan is actively working to diversify its gas export routes beyond the still important Russian pipeline network. In 2010, new gas export pipelines that carry Turkmen gas to China and to northern Iran began operating, effectively ending the Russian monopoly on Turkmen gas exports. President for Life Saparmurat NYYAZOW died in December 2006, and Turkmenistan held its first multi-candidate presidential election in February 2007. Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW, a deputy cabinet chairman under NYYAZOW, emerged as the country's new president; he was chosen as president again in February 2012, in an election that the OSCE said lacked the freedoms necessary to create a competitive environment." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "40 00 N, 60 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Asia" - }, - "area": { - "total": "488,100 sq km", - "land": "469,930 sq km", - "water": "18,170 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than California" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "3,736 km", - "border_countries": "Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992 km, Kazakhstan 379 km, Uzbekistan 1,621 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km; note - Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea (1,768 km)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "subtropical desert" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Vpadina Akchanaya -81 m", - "note": "Sarygamysh Koli is a lake in northern Turkmenistan with a water level that fluctuates above and below the elevation of Vpadina Akchanaya (the lake has dropped as low as -110 m)", - "highest_point": "Gora Ayribaba 3,139 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, natural gas, sulfur, salt" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "3.89%", - "permanent_crops": "0.12%", - "other": "95.98% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "19,910 sq km (2006)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "24.77 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "27.95 cu km/yr (3%/3%/94%)", - "per_capita": "5,752 cu m/yr (2004)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "contamination of soil and groundwater with agricultural chemicals, pesticides; salination, water logging of soil due to poor irrigation methods; Caspian Sea pollution; diversion of a large share of the flow of the Amu Darya into irrigation contributes to that river's inability to replenish the Aral Sea; desertification" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; the western and central low-lying desolate portions of the country make up the great Garagum (Kara-Kum) desert, which occupies over 80% of the country; eastern part is plateau" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Turkmen(s)", - "adjective": "Turkmen" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Turkmen 85%, Uzbek 5%, Russian 4%, other 6% (2003)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Turkmen (official) 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim 89%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, unknown 2%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "5,113,040 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "26.7% (male 690,673/female 673,271)", - "15_24_years": "20.8% (male 535,131/female 528,473)", - "25_54_years": "41.8% (male 1,058,811/female 1,079,697)", - "55_64_years": "6.5% (male 157,474/female 176,088)", - "65_years_and_over": "4.2% (male 92,891/female 120,531) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "48.3 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "42.2 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.1 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "16.5 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "26.2 years", - "male": "25.8 years", - "female": "26.6 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.15% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "19.53 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "6.18 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-1.88 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "48.7% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.91% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "ASHGABAT (capital) 637,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.9 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.77 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "24.6 (2006 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "67 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "39.48 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "47.17 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "31.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "69.16 years", - "male": "66.18 years", - "female": "72.29 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.12 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "61.8% (2000)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "2.5% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "2.44 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "4 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 97% of population; rural: 72% of population; total: 83% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 3% of population; rural: 28% of population; total: 17% of population (2000 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 97% of population; total: 98% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 3% of population; total: 2% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "less than 0.1% (2007 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "fewer than 200 (2007 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2004 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "13.2% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99.6%", - "male": "99.7%", - "female": "99.5% (2011 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "none", - "conventional_short_form": "Turkmenistan", - "local_long_form": "none", - "local_short_form": "Turkmenistan", - "former": "Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "defines itself as a secular democracy and a presidential republic; in actuality displays authoritarian presidential rule, with power concentrated within the presidential administration" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Ashgabat (Ashkhabad)", - "geographic_coordinates": "37 57 N, 58 23 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "5 provinces (welayatlar, singular - welayat) and 1 independent city*: Ahal Welayaty (Anew), Ashgabat*, Balkan Welayaty (Balkanabat), Dashoguz Welayaty, Lebap Welayaty (Turkmenabat), Mary Welayaty", - "note": "administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 27 October (1991)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "adopted 26 September 2008" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system with Islamic law influences" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW (since 14 February 2007); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW (since 14 February 2007)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term; election last held on 12 February 2012 (next to be held February 2017)", - "election_results": "Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW reelected president; percent of vote - Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW 97.1%, Annageldi YAZMYRADOW 1.1%, other candidates 1.8%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral parliament known as the National Assembly (Mejlis) (125 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 14 December 2008 (next to be held in December 2013)", - "election_results": "100% of elected officials are members of the Democratic Party of Turkmenistan and are preapproved by the president", - "note": "in 26 September 2008, a new constitution of Turkmenistan abolished a second, 2,507-member legislative body known as the People's Council and expanded the number of deputies in the National Assembly from 65 to 125; the powers formerly held by the People's Council were divided up between the president and the National Assembly" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Turkmenistan (consists of the court president and 21 associate judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges appointed by the president; judge tenure NA", - "subordinate_courts": "provincial, district, and city courts; High Commercial Court; military courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Democratic Party of Turkmenistan or DPT [Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW, Chairman; Kasymguly BABAYEW, DPT Political Council First Secretary]; Party of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs or PIE [Orazmammet MAMMEDOW] (party registered 21 August 2012); ", - "note": "a law authorizing the registration of political parties went into effect in January 2012; unofficial, small opposition movements exist abroad; the three most prominent opposition groups-in-exile are the National Democratic Movement of Turkmenistan (NDMT), the Republican Party of Turkmenistan, and the Watan (Fatherland) Party; the NDMT was led by former Foreign Minister Boris SHIKHMURADOV until his arrest and imprisonment in the wake of the 25 November 2002 attack on President NYYAZOW's motorcade" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "none" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB, CIS (associate member, has not ratified the 1993 CIS charter although it participates in meetings and held the chairmanship of the CIS in 2012), EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Mered Bairamovich ORAZOW", - "chancery": "2207 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 588-1500", - "fax": "[1] (202) 280-1003" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Robert E. PATTERSON", - "embassy": "No. 9 1984 Street (formerly Pushkin Street), Ashgabat, Turkmenistan 744000", - "mailing_address": "7070 Ashgabat Place, Washington, DC 20521-7070", - "telephone": "[993] (12) 94-00-45", - "fax": "[993] (12) 94-26-14" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "green field with a vertical red stripe near the hoist side, containing five tribal guls (designs used in producing carpets) stacked above two crossed olive branches; five white stars and a white crescent moon appear in the upper corner of the field just to the fly side of the red stripe; the green color and crescent moon represent Islam; the five stars symbolize the regions or welayats of Turkmenistan; the guls reflect the national identity of Turkmenistan where carpet-making has long been a part of traditional nomadic life", - "note": "the flag of Turkmenistan is the most intricate of all national flags" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Akhal-Teke horse" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Garassyz, Bitarap Turkmenistanyn\" (Independent, Neutral, Turkmenistan State Anthem)", - "lyrics_music": "collective/Veli MUKHATOV", - "note": "adopted 1997, lyrics revised 2008; following the death of the President Saparmurat NYYAZOW, the lyrics were altered to eliminate references to the former president" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Turkmenistan is largely a desert country with intensive agriculture in irrigated oases and sizeable gas and oil resources. The two largest crops are cotton, most of which is produced for export, and wheat, which is domestically consumed. Although agriculture accounts for roughly 8% of GDP, it continues to employ nearly half of the country's workforce. Turkmenistan's authoritarian regime has taken a cautious approach to economic reform, hoping to use gas and cotton export revenues to sustain its inefficient and highly corrupt economy. Privatization goals remain limited. From 1998-2005, Turkmenistan suffered from the continued lack of adequate export routes for natural gas and from obligations on extensive short-term external debt. At the same time, however, total exports rose by an average of roughly 15% per year from 2003-08, largely because of higher international oil and gas prices. Additional pipelines to China, that began operation in early 2010, and increased pipeline capacity to Iran, have expanded Turkmenistan''s export routes for its gas. Overall prospects in the near future are discouraging because of endemic corruption, a poor educational system, government misuse of oil and gas revenues, and Ashgabat''s reluctance to adopt market-oriented reforms. The majority of Turkmenistan''s economic statistics are state secrets. The present government established a State Agency for Statistics, but GDP numbers and other publicized figures are subject to wide margins of error. In particular, the rate of GDP growth is uncertain. Since his election, President BERDIMUHAMEDOW unified the country''s dual currency exchange rate, ordered the redenomination of the manat, reduced state subsidies for gasoline, and initiated development of a special tourism zone on the Caspian Sea. Although foreign investment is encouraged, and some improvements in macroeconomic policy have been made, numerous bureaucratic obstacles impede international business activity." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$49.75 billion (2012 est.); $44.84 billion (2011 est.); $39.11 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$33.68 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "11% (2012 est.); 14.7% (2011 est.); 9.2% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$8,900 (2012 est.); $8,100 (2011 est.); $7,200 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "14.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 11.6% of GDP (2011 est.); 12% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "50%", - "government_consumption": "12.9%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "10.6%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "62.7%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-36.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "7.5%", - "industry": "24.4%", - "services": "68.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "cotton, grain, melons; livestock" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, food processing" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "6.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "2.3 million (2008 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "48.2%", - "industry": "14%", - "services": "37.8% (2004 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "60% (2004 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "30% (2004 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.6%", - "highest_10%": "31.7% (1998)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "40.8 (1998)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$26.4 billion", - "expenditures": "$26.9 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "78.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-1.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "8.5% (2012 est.); 12% (2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$813 million (31 December 2012 est.); $723.9 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$1.652 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.41 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$8.702 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.193 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$1.496 billion (2012 est.); $1.005 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$15.4 billion (2012 est.); $13.84 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "gas, crude oil, petrochemicals, textiles, cotton fiber" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "China 66%, Ukraine 7%, Italy 4.5% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$10.19 billion (2012 est.); $9.368 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 20.1%, Turkey 17.5%, Russia 13%, UAE 6.9%, Germany 4.8%, UK 4.4% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$20.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $18.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$428.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $451.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Turkmen manat (TMM) per US dollar -; 2.85 (2012 est.); 2.85 (2011 est.); 2.85 (2010 est.); 2.85 (2009); 14,250 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "15.02 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "11.22 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "1.568 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "2.852 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "222,200 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "67,000 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "600 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "160,300 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "145,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "74,430 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "2,542 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "59.5 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "25 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "34.5 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "24.3 trillion cu m (June 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "62.05 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "547,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "3.511 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "telecommunications network remains underdeveloped and progress toward improvement is slow; strict government control and censorship inhibits liberalization and modernization", - "domestic": "Turkmentelekom, in cooperation with foreign partners, has installed high-speed fiber-optic lines and has upgraded most of the country's telephone exchanges and switching centers with new digital technology; combined fixed-line and mobile teledensity is about 80 per 100 persons; Russia's Mobile Telesystems, the only foreign mobile-cellular service provider in Turkmenistan, had its operating license suspended in December 2010 but was able to resume operations in September 2012", - "international": "country code - 993; linked by fiber-optic cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and to other countries by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; an exchange in Ashgabat switches international traffic through Turkey via Intelsat; satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 1 Intelsat (2012)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "broadcast media is government controlled and censored; 7 state-owned TV and 4 state-owned radio networks; satellite dishes and programming provide an alternative to the state-run media; officials sometimes limit access to satellite TV by removing satellite dishes (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".tm" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "714 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "80,400 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "26 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "21", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "9", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "9", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "5", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "under_914_m": "4 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 7,500 km; oil 1,501 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "2,980 km", - "broad_gauge": "2,980 km 1.520-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "58,592 km", - "paved": "47,577 km", - "unpaved": "11,015 km (2002)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "1,300 km (Amu Darya and Kara Kum canal are important inland waterways) (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "11", - "by_type": "cargo 4, chemical tanker 1, petroleum tanker 5, refrigerated cargo 1 (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Turkmenbasy" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Turkmenistani Armed Forces: Ground Forces, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory male military service; 2-year conscript service obligation, or 1 year for university students; 20 years of age for voluntary service; males may enroll in military schools from age 15 (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,380,794", - "females_age_16_49": "1,387,211 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,066,649", - "females_age_16_49": "1,185,538 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "53,829", - "female": "52,988 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.6% of GDP (2011)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "cotton monoculture in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan creates water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; field demarcation of the boundaries with Kazakhstan commenced in 2005, but Caspian seabed delimitation remains stalled with Azerbaijan, Iran, and Kazakhstan due to Turkmenistan's indecision over how to allocate the sea's waters and seabed; bilateral talks continue with Azerbaijan on dividing the seabed and contested oilfields in the middle of the Caspian" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "stateless_persons": "8,947 (2012)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Turkmenistan is a source, and to a much lesser degree, destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; Turkmen in search of work in other countries are forced to work in textile sweatshops, construction, and domestic service; some Turkmen women and girls are sex trafficked abroad; Turkey is the primary trafficking destination, followed by Russia, the United Arab Emirates, and, to a lesser extent, the UK, Kazakhstan, and Cyprus; labor trafficking occurs within Turkmenistan, particularly in the construction industry, with victims identified from Uzbekistan, Ukraine, and Azerbaijan", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Turkmenistan does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government continues to convict trafficking offenders under its anti-trafficking statute; it employs no formal victim identification procedures and does not provide services or fund NGOs to provide services to victims; authorities punish some victims for crimes committed as a result of being trafficked; there continues to be no governmental coordinating body for anti-trafficking efforts or a national anti-trafficking action plan (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and Western European markets; transit point for heroin precursor chemicals bound for Afghanistan" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/asia/tw-taiwan.json b/asia/tw-taiwan.json deleted file mode 100644 index 15644c1f..00000000 --- a/asia/tw-taiwan.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,559 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "In 1895, military defeat forced China's Qing Dynasty to cede Taiwan to Japan. Taiwan came under Chinese Nationalist control after World War II. Following the communist victory on the mainland in 1949, 2 million Nationalists fled to Taiwan and established a government using the 1947 constitution drawn up for all of China. Beginning in the 1950s, the ruling authorities gradually democratized and incorporated the local population within the governing structure. This process expanded rapidly in the 1980s. In 2000, Taiwan underwent its first peaceful transfer of power from the Nationalist to the Democratic Progressive Party. Throughout this period, the island prospered and became one of East Asia's economic \"Tigers.\" The dominant political issues continue to be the relationship between Taiwan and China - specifically the question of Taiwan's eventual status - as well as domestic political and economic reform." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Eastern Asia, islands bordering the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, South China Sea, and Taiwan Strait, north of the Philippines, off the southeastern coast of China" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "23 30 N, 121 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Southeast Asia" - }, - "area": { - "total": "35,980 sq km", - "land": "32,260 sq km", - "water": "3,720 sq km", - "note": "includes the Pescadores, Matsu, and Quemoy islands" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Maryland and Delaware combined" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "1,566.3 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; marine; rainy season during southwest monsoon (June to August); cloudiness is persistent and extensive all year" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "eastern two-thirds mostly rugged mountains; flat to gently rolling plains in west" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "South China Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Yu Shan 3,952 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "small deposits of coal, natural gas, limestone, marble, and asbestos" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "24%", - "permanent_crops": "1%", - "other": "75% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "67 cu km (2011)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "earthquakes; typhoons", - "volcanism": "Kueishantao Island (elev. 401 m), east of Taiwan, is its only historically active volcano, although it has not erupted in centuries" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "air pollution; water pollution from industrial emissions, raw sewage; contamination of drinking water supplies; trade in endangered species; low-level radioactive waste disposal" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "none of the selected agreements because of Taiwan's international status" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location adjacent to both the Taiwan Strait and the Luzon Strait" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Taiwan (singular and plural)", - "note": "example - he or she is from Taiwan; they are from Taiwan", - "adjective": "Taiwan (or Taiwanese)" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Taiwanese (including Hakka) 84%, mainland Chinese 14%, indigenous 2%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Mandarin Chinese (official), Taiwanese (Min), Hakka dialects" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "mixture of Buddhist and Taoist 93%, Christian 4.5%, other 2.5%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "23,299,716 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "14.3% (male 1,722,887/female 1,609,813)", - "15_24_years": "13.7% (male 1,638,424/female 1,549,415)", - "25_54_years": "47.7% (male 5,562,031/female 5,553,318)", - "55_64_years": "12.7% (male 1,450,513/female 1,509,359)", - "65_years_and_over": "11.6% (male 1,262,939/female 1,441,017) (2013 est.)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "38.7 years", - "male": "38 years", - "female": "39.4 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.27% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "8.61 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "6.83 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.96 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.89 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "4.55 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "4.96 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "4.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "79.71 years", - "male": "76.58 years", - "female": "83.06 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.11 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "96.1%", - "male": "NA", - "female": "NA (2003)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "none", - "conventional_short_form": "Taiwan", - "local_long_form": "none", - "local_short_form": "Taiwan", - "former": "Formosa" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "multiparty democracy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Taipei", - "geographic_coordinates": "25 02 N, 121 31 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "includes main island of Taiwan plus smaller islands nearby and off coast of China's Fujian Province; Taiwan is divided into 14 counties (hsien, singular and plural), 3 municipalities (shih, singular and plural), and 5 special municipalities (chih-hsia-shih, singular and plural)", - "note": "Taiwan uses a variety of romanization systems; while a modified Wade-Giles system still dominates, the city of Taipei has adopted a Pinyin romanization for street and place names within its boundaries; other local authorities use different romanization systems; names for administrative divisions that follow are taken from the Taiwan Yearbook 2007 published by the Government Information Office in Taipei.", - "counties": "Changhua, Chiayi (county), Hsinchu (county), Hualien, Kinmen, Lienchiang, Miaoli, Nantou, Penghu, Pingtung, Taitung, Taoyuan, Yilan, Yunlin", - "municipalities": "Chiayi (city), Hsinchu (city), Keelung (city)", - "special_municipalities": "Kaohsiung (city), New Taipei (city), Taichung (city), Tainan (city), Taipei (city)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Republic Day (Anniversary of the Chinese Revolution), 10 October (1911)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "adopted 25 December 1946; promulgated 1 January 1947; effective 25 December 1947; amended many times" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "20 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President MA Ying-jeou (since 20 May 2008); Vice President WU Den-yih (since 20 May 2012)", - "head_of_government": "Premier JIANG Yi-huah (President of the Executive Yuan) (since 18 February 2013)", - "cabinet": "Executive Yuan - ministers appointed by president on recommendation of premier", - "elections": "president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms (eligible for a second term); election last held on 14 January 2012 (next to be held in January 2016); premier appointed by the president; vice premiers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the premier", - "election_results": "MA Ying-jeou elected president; percent of vote - MA Ying-jeou 51.6%, TSAI Ing-wen 45.6%, James SOONG Chu-ye 2.8%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Legislative Yuan (113 seats - 73 district members elected by popular vote, 34 at-large members elected on basis of proportion of islandwide votes received by participating political parties, 6 elected by popular vote among aboriginal populations; members to serve four-year terms); parties must receive 5% of vote to qualify for at-large seats", - "elections": "Legislative Yuan - last held on 14 January 2012 (next to be held in January 2016)", - "election_results": "Legislative Yuan - percent of vote by party - KMT 44.6%, DPP 34.6%, TSU 9.0%, PFP 5.5%, others 6.3%; seats by party - KMT 64, DPP 40, PFP 3, TSU 3, NPSU 2, independent 1" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and approximately 100 judges organized into 8 civil and 12 criminal divisions, each with a division chief justice and 4 associate justices); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 13 justices)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "both Supreme Court and Constitutional Court justices appointed by the president of the republic with the approval of the Legislative Yuan; Supreme Court justices appointed for life; Constitutional Court president, vice-president, and 8 grand justices serve 4-year terms and remaining justices serve 8-year terms", - "subordinate_courts": "high courts; district courts; hierarchy of administrative courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Democratic Progressive Party or DPP [SU Tseng-chang]; Kuomintang or KMT (Nationalist Party) [MA Ying-jeou]; New Party [YOK Mu-ming]; Non-Partisan Solidarity Union or NPSU [LIN Pin-kuan]; People First Party or PFP [James SOONG Chu-ye]; Taiwan Solidarity Union or TSU [HUANG Kun-huei]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "environmental groups; independence movement; various business groups; ", - "note": "debate on Taiwan independence has become acceptable within the mainstream of domestic politics on Taiwan; public opinion polls consistently show a substantial majority of Taiwan people supports maintaining Taiwan's status quo for the foreseeable future; advocates of Taiwan independence oppose the stand that the island will eventually unify with mainland China; advocates of eventual unification predicate their goal on the democratic transformation of the mainland" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB, APEC, BCIE, ICC (national committees), IOC, ITUC (NGOs), WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "text": "none; commercial and cultural relations with the people in the United States are maintained through an unofficial instrumentality, the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the United States (TECRO), a private nonprofit corporation that performs citizen and consular services similar to those at diplomatic posts", - "representative": "KING Pu-tsung", - "office": "4201 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016", - "telephone": "[1] 202 895-1800", - "taipei_economic_and_cultural_offices_branch_offices": "Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Guam, Houston, Honolulu, Kansas City, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco, Seattle" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "text": "none; commercial and cultural relations with the people on Taiwan are maintained through an unofficial instrumentality, the American Institute in Taiwan (AIT), a private nonprofit corporation that performs citizen and consular services similar to those at diplomatic posts", - "director": "Christopher J. MARUT", - "office": "#7 Lane 134, Hsin Yi Road, Section 3, Taipei 106, Taiwan", - "telephone": "[1] [886] (02) 2162-2000", - "fax": "[1] [886] (02) 2162-2251", - "other_offices": "Kaohsiung" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "red field with a dark blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a white sun with 12 triangular rays; the blue and white design of the canton (symbolizing the sun of progress) dates to 1895; it was later adopted as the flag of the Kuomintang Party; blue signifies liberty, justice, and democracy; red stands for fraternity, sacrifice, and nationalism, white represents equality, frankness, and the people's livelihood; the 12 rays of the sun are those of the months and the twelve traditional Chinese hours (each ray equals two hours)" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "white, 12-rayed sun on blue field" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Zhonghua Minguo guoge\" (National Anthem of the Republic of China)", - "lyrics_music": "HU Han-min, TAI Chi-t'ao, and LIAO Chung-k'ai/CHENG Mao-Yun", - "note": "adopted 1930; the anthem is also the song of the Kuomintang Party; it is informally known as \"San Min Chu I\" or \"San Min Zhu Yi\" (Three Principles of the People); because of political pressure from China, \"Guo Qi Ge\" (National Banner Song) is used at international events rather than the official anthem of Taiwan; the \"National Banner Song\" has gained popularity in Taiwan and is commonly used during flag raisings" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Taiwan has a dynamic capitalist economy with gradually decreasing government guidance of investment and foreign trade. Exports, led by electronics, machinery, and petrochemicals have provided the primary impetus for economic development. This heavy dependence on exports exposes the economy to fluctuations in world demand. In 2009, Taiwan's GDP contracted 1.8%, due primarily to a 13.1% year-on-year decline in exports. In 2010 GDP grew 10.7%, as exports returned to the level of previous years, and in 2011, grew 4.0%. In 2012, however, growth fell to 1.3%, because of softening global demand. Taiwan's diplomatic isolation, low birth rate, and rapidly aging population are major long-term challenges. Free trade agreements have proliferated in East Asia over the past several years, but except for the landmark Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) signed with China in June 2010, so far Taiwan has been excluded from this greater economic integration in part because of its diplomatic status. Negotiations continue on such follow-on components of ECFA regarding trade in goods and services. The MA administration has said that the ECFA will serve as a stepping stone toward trade pacts with other key trade partners, which Taiwan subsequently launched with Singapore and New Zealand. Taiwan's Total Fertility rate of just over one child per woman is among the lowest in the world, raising the prospect of future labor shortages, falling domestic demand, and declining tax revenues. Taiwan's population is aging quickly, with the number of people over 65 accounting for 11.2% of the island's total population as of 2012. The island runs a large trade surplus largely because of its surplus with China, and its foreign reserves are the world's fifth largest, behind China, Japan, Saudi Arabia, and Russia. In 2006 China overtook the US to become Taiwan's second-largest source of imports after Japan. China is also the island's number one destination for foreign direct investment. Three financial memorandums of understanding, covering banking, securities, and insurance, took effect in mid-January 2010, opening the island to greater investments from the mainland's financial firms and institutional investors, and providing new opportunities for Taiwan financial firms to operate in China. In August 2012, Taiwan Central Bank signed a memorandum of understanding on cross-Strait currency settlement with its Chinese counterpart. The MOU allows for the direct settlement of Chinese RMB and the New Taiwan dollar across the Strait, which could help develop Taiwan into a local RMB hub. Closer economic links with the mainland bring greater opportunities for the Taiwan economy, but also poses new challenges as the island becomes more economically dependent on China while political differences remain unresolved." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$918.3 billion (2012 est.); $906.9 billion (2011 est.); $871.5 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$474 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.3% (2012 est.); 4.1% (2011 est.); 10.8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$39,400 (2012 est.); $39,000 (2011 est.); $37,600 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "30.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 29.6% of GDP (2011 est.); 31.7% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "60.3%", - "government_consumption": "12.4%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "19.5%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.3%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "73.7%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-66.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "2%", - "industry": "29.8%", - "services": "68.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "rice, vegetables, fruit, tea, flowers; pigs, poultry; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "electronics, communications and information technology products, petroleum refining, armaments, chemicals, textiles, iron and steel, machinery, cement, food processing, vehicles, consumer products, pharmaceuticals" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.9% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "11.34 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "5%", - "industry": "36.2%", - "services": "58.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "4.2% (2012 est.); 4.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "1.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "6.4%", - "highest_10%": "40.3% (2010)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "34.2 (2011); 32.6 (2000)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$57.6 billion", - "expenditures": "$64.62 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "12.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-1.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "35.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 34.9% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data for central government" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "1.9% (2012 est.); 1.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "1.88% (31 December 2012); 1.88% (31 December 2011)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "2.88% (31 December 2012 est.); 2.88% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$426.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $390.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$1.119 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.082 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$743.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $692 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$831.9 billion (31 December 2012); $784.1 billion (31 December 2011); $738.3 billion (31 December 2010)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$40.88 billion (2012 est.); $41.6 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$299.8 billion (2012 est.); $307 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "electronics, flat panels, machinery; metals; textiles, plastics, chemicals; optical, photographic, measuring, and medical instruments" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "China 27.1%, Hong Kong 13.2%, US 10.3%, Japan 6.4%, Singapore 4.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$268.8 billion (2012 est.); $279.2 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "electronics, machinery, crude petroleum, precision instruments, organic chemicals, metals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Japan 17.6%, China 16.1%, US 9.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$408.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $390.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$125.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $122.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$59.36 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $56.15 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$226.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $213.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "New Taiwan dollars (TWD) per US dollar -; 29.616 (2012 est.); 29.47 (2011 est.); 31.648 (2010 est.); 33.061 (2009); 31.53 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "252.2 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "242.2 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "48.75 million kW (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "77.2% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "10.6% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "5.3% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "6.9% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "808,700 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "794,900 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "2.8 million bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "920,200 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "786,100 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "255,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "304,700 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "330.2 million cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "16.37 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "15.9 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "6.229 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "251.4 million Mt (2011 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "16.907 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "28.865 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "provides telecommunications service for every business and private need", - "domestic": "thoroughly modern; completely digitalized", - "international": "country code - 886; roughly 15 submarine fiber cables provide links throughout Asia, Australia, the Middle East, Europe, and the US; satellite earth stations - 2 (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "5 nationwide television networks operating roughly 75 TV stations; about 85% of households utilize multi-channel cable TV; national and regional radio networks with about 170 radio stations (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".tw" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "6.272 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "16.147 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "37 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "35", - "over_3_047_m": "8", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "7", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "10", - "914_to_1_523_m": "8", - "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "31 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "condensate 25 km; gas 802 km; oil 241 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "1,580 km", - "standard_gauge": "345 km 1.435-m gauge (345 km electrified)", - "narrow_gauge": "1,085 km 1.067-m gauge (685 km electrified); 150 km 0.762-m gauge", - "note": "the 0.762 gauge track belongs to three entities, the Forestry Bureau, Taiwan Cement, and TaiPower (2009)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "41,475 km", - "paved": "41,033 km (includes 720 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "442 km (2009)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "112", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 35, cargo 20, chemical tanker 1, container 31, passenger/cargo 4, petroleum tanker 12, refrigerated cargo 7, roll on/roll off 2", - "foreign_owned": "3 (France 2, Vietnam 1)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "579 (Argentina 2, Cambodia 1, Honduras 1, Hong Kong 25, Indonesia 1, Italy 10, Kiribati 2, Liberia 94, Marshall Islands 8, Panama 328, Philippines 1, Sierra Leone 7, Singapore 77, South Korea 1, Thailand 1, UK 11, Vanuatu 1, unknown 8) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Chilung (Keelung), Kaohsiung, Hualian, Taichung" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Army, Navy (includes Marine Corps), Air Force, Coast Guard Administration, Armed Forces Reserve Command, Combined Service Forces Command, Armed Forces Police Command" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-35 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; service obligation is 2 years; women may enlist; women in Air Force service are restricted to noncombat roles; reserve obligation to age 30 (Army); the Ministry of Defense is in the process of implementing a voluntary enlistment system over the period 2010-2015, although nonvolunteers will still be required to perform alternative service or go through 4 months of military training (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "6,183,567", - "females_age_16_49": "6,006,676 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "5,074,173", - "females_age_16_49": "4,951,088 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "166,190", - "female": "155,306 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "2.2% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "involved in complex dispute with Brunei, China, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam over the Spratly Islands, and with China and the Philippines over Scarborough Reef; the 2002 \"Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea\" has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding \"code of conduct\" desired by several of the disputants; Paracel Islands are occupied by China, but claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam; in 2003, China and Taiwan became more vocal in rejecting both Japan's claims to the uninhabited islands of the Senkaku-shoto (Diaoyu Tai) and Japan's unilaterally declared exclusive economic zone in the East China Sea where all parties engage in hydrocarbon prospecting" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "regional transit point for heroin, methamphetamine, and precursor chemicals; transshipment point for drugs to Japan; major problem with domestic consumption of methamphetamine and heroin; rising problems with use of ketamine and club drugs" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/asia/uz-uzbekistan.json b/asia/uz-uzbekistan.json deleted file mode 100644 index 7e96dfd4..00000000 --- a/asia/uz-uzbekistan.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,600 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Russia conquered the territory of present-day Uzbekistan in the late 19th century. Stiff resistance to the Red Army after the Bolshevik Revolution was eventually suppressed and a socialist republic established in 1924. During the Soviet era, intensive production of \"white gold\" (cotton) and grain led to overuse of agrochemicals and the depletion of water supplies, which have left the land degraded and the Aral Sea and certain rivers half dry. Independent since 1991, the country seeks to gradually lessen its dependence on the cotton monoculture by diversifying agricultural production while developing its mineral and petroleum reserves and increasing its manufacturing base. Current concerns include terrorism by Islamic militants, economic stagnation, and the curtailment of human rights and democratization." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Central Asia, north of Turkmenistan, south of Kazakhstan" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "41 00 N, 64 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Asia" - }, - "area": { - "total": "447,400 sq km", - "land": "425,400 sq km", - "water": "22,000 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than California" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "6,221 km", - "border_countries": "Afghanistan 137 km, Kazakhstan 2,203 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,099 km, Tajikistan 1,161 km, Turkmenistan 1,621 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (doubly landlocked); note - Uzbekistan includes the southern portion of the Aral Sea with a 420 km shoreline" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (doubly landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "mostly midlatitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya, Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), and Zarafshon; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Sariqamish Kuli -12 m", - "highest_point": "Adelunga Toghi 4,301 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "9.61%", - "permanent_crops": "0.8%", - "other": "89.58% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "41,980 sq km (2005)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "48.87 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "56 cu km/yr (7%/3%/90%)", - "per_capita": "2,113 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "shrinkage of the Aral Sea has resulted in growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then blown from the increasingly exposed lake bed and contribute to desertification and respiratory health problems; water pollution from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides is the cause of many human health disorders; increasing soil salination; soil contamination from buried nuclear processing and agricultural chemicals, including DDT" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "along with Liechtenstein, one of the only two doubly landlocked countries in the world" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Uzbekistani", - "adjective": "Uzbekistani" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Uzbek 80%, Russian 5.5%, Tajik 5%, Kazakh 3%, Karakalpak 2.5%, Tatar 1.5%, other 2.5% (1996 est.)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Uzbek (official) 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim 88% (mostly Sunni), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "28,661,637 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "25.3% (male 3,718,802/female 3,539,436)", - "15_24_years": "21.1% (male 3,062,438/female 2,990,299)", - "25_54_years": "42.5% (male 6,043,922/female 6,128,173)", - "55_64_years": "6.4% (male 861,590/female 965,635)", - "65_years_and_over": "4.7% (male 576,908/female 774,434) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "49 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "42.6 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.4 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "15.7 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "26.6 years", - "male": "26.1 years", - "female": "27.2 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.94% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "17.2 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "5.29 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-2.55 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "36.2% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.27% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "TASHKENT (capital) 2.201 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.89 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.75 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "23.8 (2006 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "28 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "20.51 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "24.32 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "16.48 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "73.03 years", - "male": "70 years", - "female": "76.25 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.83 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "64.9% (2006)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "5.3% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "2.62 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "4.6 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 81% of population; total: 87% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 19% of population; total: 13% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "28,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 500 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "15.1% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "4.4% (2006)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99.4%", - "male": "99.6%", - "female": "99.2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "12 years", - "male": "12 years", - "female": "11 years (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Uzbekistan", - "conventional_short_form": "Uzbekistan", - "local_long_form": "Ozbekiston Respublikasi", - "local_short_form": "Ozbekiston", - "former": "Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little power outside the executive branch" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Tashkent (Toshkent)", - "geographic_coordinates": "41 19 N, 69 15 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "12 provinces (viloyatlar, singular - viloyat), 1 autonomous republic* (respublika), and 1 city** (shahar); Andijon Viloyati, Buxoro Viloyati, Farg'ona Viloyati, Jizzax Viloyati, Namangan Viloyati, Navoiy Viloyati, Qashqadaryo Viloyati (Qarshi), Qoraqalpog'iston Respublikasi [Karakalpakstan Republic]* (Nukus), Samarqand Viloyati, Sirdaryo Viloyati (Guliston), Surxondaryo Viloyati (Termiz), Toshkent Shahri [Tashkent City]**, Toshkent Viloyati [Tashkent province], Xorazm Viloyati (Urganch)", - "note": "administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "1 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 1 September (1991)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "adopted 8 December 1992; amended in 2002 and 2011" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Islom KARIMOV (since 24 March 1990, when he was elected president by the then Supreme Soviet; elected president of independent Uzbekistan in 1991)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (since 11 December 2003); First Deputy Prime Minister Rustam AZIMOV (since 2 January 2008)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president with approval of both chambers of the Supreme Assembly (Oliy Majlis)", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term; previously was a five-year term, extended by a 2002 constitutional amendment to seven years and changed back to five years in 2011); election last held on 23 December 2007 (next to be held in early 2015); prime minister, ministers, and deputy ministers appointed by the president", - "election_results": "Islom KARIMOV reelected president; percent of vote - Islom KARIMOV 88.1%, Asliddin RUSTAMOV 3.2%, Dilorom TOSHMUHAMEDOVA 2.9%, Akmal SAIDOV 2.6%, other 3.2%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Supreme Assembly or Oliy Majlis consists of an upper house or Senate (100 seats; 84 members elected by regional governing councils and 16 appointed by the president; members to serve five-year terms) and a lower house or Legislative Chamber (Qonunchilik Palatasi) (150 seats; 135 members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms, while 15 spots reserved for the Ecological Movement of Uzbekistan)", - "elections": "last held on 27 December 2009 and 10 January 2010 (next to be held in December 2014)", - "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Legislative Chamber - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LDPU 53, NDP 32, National Rebirth Party 31, Adolat 19", - "note": "all parties in the Supreme Assembly support President Islom KARIMOV" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of 34 judges organized in civil, criminal, and military sections); Constitutional Court (consists of 7 judges); Higher Economic Court (consists of 19 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges of the 3 highest courts nominated by the president and confirmed by the Oliy Majlis; judges appointed for 5-year terms subject to reappointment", - "subordinate_courts": "regional, district, city, and town courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Ecological Movement of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Ekologik Harakati) [Boriy ALIXONOV]; Justice (Adolat) Social Democratic Party of Uzbekistan [Ismoil SAIFNAZAROV]; Liberal Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Liberal-Demokratik Partiyasi) or LDPU [Muhamadyusuf TESHABOYEV]; National Rebirth Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (Milliy Tiklanish) [Akhtam TURSUNOV]; People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (Xalq Demokratik Partiyas) or NDP [Lativ GULYAMOV] (formerly Communist Party)" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "there are no significant opposition political parties or pressure groups operating in Uzbekistan" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Baxtiyor GULOMOV", - "chancery": "1746 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 887-5300", - "fax": "[1] (202) 293-6804", - "consulates_general": "New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador George KROL", - "embassy": "3 Moyqo'rq'on, 5th Block, Yunusobod District, Tashkent 100093", - "mailing_address": "use embassy street address", - "telephone": "[998] (71) 120-5450", - "fax": "[998] (71) 120-6335" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and green separated by red fimbriations with a white crescent moon (closed side to the hoist) and 12 white stars shifted to the hoist on the top band; blue is the color of the Turkic peoples and of the sky, white signifies peace and the striving for purity in thoughts and deeds, while green represents nature and is the color of Islam; the red stripes are the vital force of all living organisms that links good and pure ideas with the eternal sky and with deeds on earth; the crescent represents Islam and the 12 stars the months and constellations of the Uzbek calendar" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "khumo (mythical bird)" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"O'zbekiston Respublikasining Davlat Madhiyasi\" (National Anthem of the Republic of Uzbekistan)", - "lyrics_music": "Abdulla ARIPOV/Mutal BURHANOV", - "note": "adopted 1992; after the fall of the Soviet Union, Uzbekistan kept the music of the anthem from its time as a Soviet Republic but adopted new lyrics" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Uzbekistan is a dry, landlocked country; 11% of the land is intensely cultivated, in irrigated river valleys. More than 60% of the population lives in densely populated rural communities. Export of hydrocarbons, primarily natural gas, provided 18.5% of foreign exchange earnings in 2011 and 35.1% in the first nine months of 2012. Other major export earners include gold and cotton. Despite ongoing efforts to diversify crops, Uzbekistani agriculture remains largely centered around cotton, although production has dropped by 35% since 1991. Uzbekistan is now the world's fifth largest cotton exporter and sixth largest producer. The country is aggressively addressing international criticism for the use of child labor in its cotton harvest. Following independence in September 1991, the government sought to prop up its Soviet-style command economy with subsidies and tight controls on production and prices. While aware of the need to improve the investment climate, the government still sponsors measures that often increase, not decrease, its control over business decisions. A sharp increase in the inequality of income distribution has hurt the lower ranks of society since independence. In 2003, the government accepted Article VIII obligations under the IMF, providing for full currency convertibility. However, strict currency controls and tightening of borders have lessened the effects of convertibility and have also led to some shortages that have further stifled economic activity. The Central Bank often delays or restricts convertibility, especially for consumer goods. According to official statistics, Uzbekistan has posted GDP growth of over 8% per year for several years, driven primarily by state-led investments and a favorable export environment. Growth may slip in 2013 as a result of lower export prices due to the continuing European recession. In the past Uzbekistani authorities have accused US and other foreign companies operating in Uzbekistan of violating Uzbekistani tax laws and have frozen their assets, with several new expropriations in 2012. At the same time, the Uzbekistani Government has actively courted several major US and international corporations, offering attractive financing and tax advantages, and has landed a significant US investment in the automotive industry, including the opening of a powertrain manufacturing facility in Tashkent in November 2011. Uzbekistan has seen few effects from the global economic downturn, primarily due to its relative isolation from the global financial markets." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$106.4 billion (2012 est.); $98.54 billion (2011 est.); $90.98 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$51.17 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "8.2% (2012 est.); 8.3% (2011 est.); 8.5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$3,600 (2012 est.); $3,400 (2011 est.); $3,200 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "55.7%", - "government_consumption": "16.6%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "23.5%", - "investment_in_inventories": "4.9%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "27.2%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-27.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "18.5%", - "industry": "36.4%", - "services": "45.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "cotton, vegetables, fruits, grain; livestock" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, mining, hydrocarbon extraction, chemicals" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "7.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "16.74 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "25.9%", - "industry": "13.2%", - "services": "60.9% (2012 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "4.8% (2012 est.); 5% (2011 est.)", - "note": "officially measured by the Ministry of Labor, plus another 20% underemployed" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "17% (2011 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.8%", - "highest_10%": "29.6% (2003)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "36.8 (2003); 44.7 (1998)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$17.08 billion", - "expenditures": "$16.86 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "33.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "0.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "8.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 9.1% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "12.7% (2012 est.); 12.8% (2011 est.)", - "note": "official data; based on independent analysis of consumer prices, inflation reached 22% in 2012" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$5.841 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.087 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$8.31 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $7.197 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$7.064 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.523 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA (31 December 2012); $715.3 million (31 December 2006)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$3.284 billion (2012 est.); $4.52 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$16.65 billion (2012 est.); $15.03 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "energy products, cotton, gold, mineral fertilizers, ferrous and nonferrous metals, textiles, food products, machinery, automobiles" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "China 18.5%, Kazakhstan 14.6%, Turkey 13.8%, Russia 12.8%, Ukraine 12.5%, Bangladesh 8.9% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$15.53 billion (2012 est.); $10.5 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, ferrous and nonferrous metals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Russia 20.6%, China 16.5%, South Korea 16.3%, Kazakhstan 12.8%, Germany 4.6%, Turkey 4.2% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$16 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $15 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$8.072 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $8.382 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Uzbekistani soum (UZS) per US dollar -; 1,891.1 (2012 est.); 1,715.8 (2011 est.); 1,587.2 (2010 est.); 1,466.7 (2009); 1,317 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "52.53 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "42.9 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "11.66 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "11.58 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "12.4 million kW (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "85.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "14.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "104,400 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "5,000 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "594 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "90,690 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "137,100 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "5,488 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "62.9 billion cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "46.8 billion cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "13.4 billion cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "1.841 trillion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "114.3 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "1.928 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "25.442 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "digital exchanges in large cities and in rural areas", - "domestic": "the state-owned telecommunications company, Uzbektelecom, owner of the fixed line telecommunications system, has used loans from the Japanese government and the China Development Bank to upgrade fixed-line services including conversion to digital exchanges; mobile-cellular services are growing rapidly, with the subscriber base reaching 25 million in 2011", - "international": "country code - 998; linked by fiber-optic cable or microwave radio relay with CIS member states and to other countries by leased connection via the Moscow international gateway switch; after the completion of the Uzbek link to the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable, Uzbekistan plans to establish a fiber-optic connection to Afghanistan (2009)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "government controls media; 11 state-owned broadcasters - 7 TV and 4 radio - provide service to virtually the entire country; about 20 privately owned TV stations, overseen by local officials, broadcast to local markets; privately owned TV stations are required to lease transmitters from the government-owned Republic TV and Radio Industry Corporation; about 15 privately owned radio broadcasters are affiliated with the National Association of Electronic Mass Media of Uzbekistan, a government sponsored NGO for private broadcast media" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".uz" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "56,075 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "4.689 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "53 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "33", - "over_3_047_m": "6", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "13", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "6", - "914_to_1_523_m": "4", - "under_914_m": "4 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "20", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", - "under_914_m": "18 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 10,401 km; oil 944 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "3,645 km", - "broad_gauge": "3,645 km 1.520-m gauge (620 km electrified) (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "86,496 km", - "paved": "75,511 km", - "unpaved": "10,985 km (2000)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "1,100 km (2012)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Termiz (Amu Darya)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Army, Air and Air Defense Forces (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for compulsory military service; 1-year conscript service obligation; moving toward a professional military, but conscription will continue; the military cannot accommodate everyone who wishes to enlist, and competition for entrance into the military is similar to the competition for admission to universities (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "7,887,292", - "females_age_16_49": "7,886,459 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "6,566,118", - "females_age_16_49": "6,745,818 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "306,404", - "female": "295,456 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "3.5% of GDP (2010)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "prolonged drought and cotton monoculture in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan created water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; field demarcation of the boundaries with Kazakhstan commenced in 2004; border delimitation of 130 km of border with Kyrgyzstan is hampered by serious disputes around enclaves and other areas" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "idps": "undetermined (government forcibly relocated an estimated 3,400 people from villages near the Tajikistan border in 2000-2001; no new data is available) (2012)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Uzbekistan is a source country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and women and children subjected to sex trafficking; adults and children are victims of government-organized forced labor during Uzbekistan's annual cotton harvest; some Uzbekistani adults are subjected to forced labor in Kazakhstan, Russia, and, to a much lesser extent, Ukraine in domestic service, agriculture, and the construction and oil industries; Uzbekistani women and children, lured with fraudulent job offers, are sex trafficked to countries in Central Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and Asia; small numbers of Tajikistani and Kyrgyzstani victims have been identified in Uzbekistan", - "tier_rating": "Tier 3 - Uzbekistan does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and because it is not deemed to be making significant efforts to do so, it was downgraded to Tier 3 after the maximum of two consecutive annual waivers; the government has identified an increased number of sex and transnational labor trafficking victims; for the first time a decree was implemented banning the forced labor of children under the age of 15 in the annual cotton harvest, but government-organized forced labor of adults and older children contines in the cotton and reportedly other sectors; Uzbekistan does not have a systematic process to proactively identify trafficking victims and refer them to protective services (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and small amounts of opium poppy for domestic consumption; poppy cultivation almost wiped out by government crop eradication program; transit point for heroin precursor chemicals bound for Afghanistan" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/asia/vn-vietnam.json b/asia/vn-vietnam.json deleted file mode 100644 index 94fff9d3..00000000 --- a/asia/vn-vietnam.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,639 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The conquest of Vietnam by France began in 1858 and was completed by 1884. It became part of French Indochina in 1887. Vietnam declared independence after World War II, but France continued to rule until its 1954 defeat by communist forces under Ho Chi MINH. Under the Geneva Accords of 1954, Vietnam was divided into the communist North and anti-communist South. US economic and military aid to South Vietnam grew through the 1960s in an attempt to bolster the government, but US armed forces were withdrawn following a cease-fire agreement in 1973. Two years later, North Vietnamese forces overran the South reuniting the country under communist rule. Despite the return of peace, for over a decade the country experienced little economic growth because of conservative leadership policies, the persecution and mass exodus of individuals - many of them successful South Vietnamese merchants - and growing international isolation. However, since the enactment of Vietnam's \"doi moi\" (renovation) policy in 1986, Vietnamese authorities have committed to increased economic liberalization and enacted structural reforms needed to modernize the economy and to produce more competitive, export-driven industries. The communist leaders, however, maintain control on political expression and have resisted outside calls to improve human rights. The country continues to experience small-scale protests from various groups - the vast majority connected to land-use issues, calls for increased political space, and the lack of equitable mechanisms for resolving disputes. Various ethnic minorities, such as the Montagnards of the Central Highlands and the Khmer Krom in the southern delta region, have also held protests." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin, and South China Sea, as well as China, Laos, and Cambodia" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "16 10 N, 107 50 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Southeast Asia" - }, - "area": { - "total": "331,210 sq km", - "land": "310,070 sq km", - "water": "21,140 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than New Mexico" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "4,639 km", - "border_countries": "Cambodia 1,228 km, China 1,281 km, Laos 2,130 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "3,444 km (excludes islands)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, rainy season (May to September) and warm, dry season (October to March)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "low, flat delta in south and north; central highlands; hilly, mountainous in far north and northwest" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "South China Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Fan Si Pan 3,144 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "phosphates, coal, manganese, rare earth elements, bauxite, chromate, offshore oil and gas deposits, timber, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "19.64%", - "permanent_crops": "11.18%", - "other": "69.18% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "45,850 sq km (2005)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "884.1 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "82.03 cu km/yr (1%/4%/95%)", - "per_capita": "965 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "occasional typhoons (May to January) with extensive flooding, especially in the Mekong River delta" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "logging and slash-and-burn agricultural practices contribute to deforestation and soil degradation; water pollution and overfishing threaten marine life populations; groundwater contamination limits potable water supply; growing urban industrialization and population migration are rapidly degrading environment in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "extending 1,650 km north to south, the country is only 50 km across at its narrowest point" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Vietnamese (singular and plural)", - "adjective": "Vietnamese" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Kinh (Viet) 85.7%, Tay 1.9%, Thai 1.8%, Muong 1.5%, Khmer 1.5%, Mong 1.2%, Nung 1.1%, others 5.3% (1999 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Vietnamese (official), English (increasingly favored as a second language), some French, Chinese, and Khmer, mountain area languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Buddhist 9.3%, Catholic 6.7%, Hoa Hao 1.5%, Cao Dai 1.1%, Protestant 0.5%, Muslim 0.1%, none 80.8% (1999 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "92,477,857 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "24.6% (male 11,931,623/female 10,807,661)", - "15_24_years": "18.4% (male 8,796,395/female 8,215,536)", - "25_54_years": "44.4% (male 20,554,252/female 20,551,460)", - "55_64_years": "7% (male 2,936,340/female 3,517,538)", - "65_years_and_over": "5.6% (male 1,986,839/female 3,180,213) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "41.4 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "32.1 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "9.3 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "10.7 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "28.7 years", - "male": "27.6 years", - "female": "29.7 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.03% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "16.56 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "5.94 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.33 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "31% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "3.03% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "Ho Chi Minh City 5.976 million; HANOI (capital) 2.668 million; Haiphong 1.941 million; Da Nang 807,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.12 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.1 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.83 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.62 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "22.6 (2002 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "59 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "19.61 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "19.97 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "19.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "72.65 years", - "male": "70.2 years", - "female": "75.4 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.87 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "77.8% (2010/11)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "6.8% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.22 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "3.1 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 93% of population; total: 95% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 7% of population; total: 5% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 94% of population; rural: 68% of population; total: 76% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 6% of population; rural: 32% of population; total: 24% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.4% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "280,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "14,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever, malaria, and Japanese encephalitis", - "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "1.7% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "20.2% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "6.6% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "93.4%", - "male": "95.4%", - "female": "91.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "10 years", - "male": "11 years", - "female": "10 years (2001)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "2,545,616", - "percentage": "16 % (2006 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "4.6%", - "male": "4.4%", - "female": "4.9% (2004)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Socialist Republic of Vietnam", - "conventional_short_form": "Vietnam", - "local_long_form": "Cong Hoa Xa Hoi Chu Nghia Viet Nam", - "local_short_form": "Viet Nam", - "abbreviation": "SRV" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "Communist state" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Hanoi (Ha Noi)", - "geographic_coordinates": "21 02 N, 105 51 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "58 provinces (tinh, singular and plural) and 5 municipalities (thanh pho, singular and plural)", - "provinces": "An Giang, Bac Giang, Bac Kan, Bac Lieu, Bac Ninh, Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Ben Tre, Binh Dinh, Binh Duong, Binh Phuoc, Binh Thuan, Ca Mau, Cao Bang, Dak Lak, Dak Nong, Dien Bien, Dong Nai, Dong Thap, Gia Lai, Ha Giang, Ha Nam, Ha Tinh, Hai Duong, Hau Giang, Hoa Binh, Hung Yen, Khanh Hoa, Kien Giang, Kon Tum, Lai Chau, Lam Dong, Lang Son, Lao Cai, Long An, Nam Dinh, Nghe An, Ninh Binh, Ninh Thuan, Phu Tho, Phu Yen, Quang Binh, Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Quang Ninh, Quang Tri, Soc Trang, Son La, Tay Ninh, Thai Binh, Thai Nguyen, Thanh Hoa, Thua Thien-Hue, Tien Giang, Tra Vinh, Tuyen Quang, Vinh Long, Vinh Phuc, Yen Bai", - "municipalities": "Can Tho, Da Nang, Ha Noi, Hai Phong, Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon)" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "2 September 1945 (from France)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 2 September (1945)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "15 April 1992" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system; note - the civil code of 2005 reflects a European-style civil law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Truong Tan SANG (since 25 July 2011); Vice President Nguyen Thi DOAN (25 July 2007)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Nguyen Tan DUNG (since 27 June 2006); Deputy Prime Minister Hoang Trung HAI (since 2 August 2007), Deputy Prime Minister Nguyen Thien NHAN (since 2 August 2007), Deputy Prime Minister Vu Van NINH (since 3 August 2011), and Deputy Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan PHUC (since 3 August 2011)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by president based on proposal of prime minister and confirmed by National Assembly", - "elections": "president elected by the National Assembly from among its members for five-year term; last election held 25 July 2011 (next to be held in July 2016); prime minister appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly; deputy prime ministers appointed by the prime minister; appointment of prime minister and deputy prime ministers confirmed by National Assembly", - "election_results": "Truong Tan SANG elected president, percent of National Assembly vote - 97%; Nguyen Tan DUNG elected prime minister, percent of National Assembly vote - 94%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Quoc Hoi (500 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 22 May 2011 (next to be held in May 2016)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPV 458, non-party CPV-approved 38, self-nominated 4; note - 500 candidates were elected; the 496 CPV and non-party CPV-approved delegates were members of the Vietnamese Fatherland Front and were vetted prior to the election" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme People's Court (consists of the chief justice and 13 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "chief justice elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president for a 5-year, renewable term; other judges appointed by the president for 5-year terms", - "subordinate_courts": "Court of Appeals; administrative, civil, criminal, economic, and labor courts; Central Military Court; People's Special Courts; note - the National Assembly can establish special tribunals" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Communist Party of Vietnam or CPV [Nguyen Phu TRONG]; ", - "note": "other parties proscribed" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "8406 Bloc; Democratic Party of Vietnam or DPV; People's Democratic Party Vietnam or PDP-VN; Alliance for Democracy; ", - "note": "these groups advocate democracy but are not recognized by the government" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, CICA, CP, EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Nguyen Quoc CUONG", - "chancery": "1233 20th Street NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20036", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 861-0737", - "fax": "[1] (202) 861-0917", - "consulates_general": "Houston, New York, San Francisco", - "consulate": "New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador David B. SHEAR", - "embassy": "Rose Garden Building, 170 Ngoc Khanh St., Hanoi", - "mailing_address": "7 Lang Ha Street, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi; 4550 Hanoi Place, Washington, DC 20521-4550", - "telephone": "[84] (4) 3850-5000", - "fax": "[84] (4) 3850-5010", - "consulates_general": "Ho Chi Minh City" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "red field with a large yellow five-pointed star in the center; red symbolizes revolution and blood, the five-pointed star represents the five elements of the populace - peasants, workers, intellectuals, traders, and soldiers - that unite to build socialism" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "yellow, five-pointed star on red field" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Tien quan ca\" (The Song of the Marching Troops)", - "lyrics_music": "Nguyen Van CAO", - "note": "adopted as the national anthem of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945; it became the national anthem of the unified Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1976; although it consists of two verses, only the first is used as the official anthem" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Vietnam is a densely-populated developing country that has been transitioning from the rigidities of a centrally-planned economy since 1986. Vietnamese authorities have reaffirmed their commitment to economic modernization in recent years. Vietnam joined the World Trade Organization in January 2007, which has promoted more competitive, export-driven industries. Vietnam became an official negotiating partner in the Trans-Pacific Partnership trade agreement in 2010. Agriculture's share of economic output has continued to shrink from about 25% in 2000 to less than 22% in 2012, while industry's share increased from 36% to nearly 41% in the same period. State-owned enterprises account for roughly 40% of GDP. Poverty has declined significantly, and Vietnam is working to create jobs to meet the challenge of a labor force that is growing by more than one million people every year. The global recession hurt Vietnam's export-oriented economy, with GDP in 2012 growing at 5%, the slowest rate of growth since 1999. In 2012, however, exports increased by more than 18%, year-on-year; several administrative actions brought the trade deficit back into balance. Between 2008 and 2011, Vietnam's managed currency, the dong, was devalued in excess of 20%, but its value remained stable in 2012. Foreign direct investment inflows fell 4.5% to $10.5 billion in 2012. Foreign donors have pledged $6.5 billion in new development assistance for 2013. Hanoi has oscillated between promoting growth and emphasizing macroeconomic stability in recent years. In February 2011, the government shifted from policies aimed at achieving a high rate of economic growth, which had stoked inflation, to those aimed at stabilizing the economy, through tighter monetary and fiscal control. Although Vietnam unveiled a broad, \"three pillar\" economic reform program in early 2012, proposing the restructuring of public investment, state-owned enterprises, and the banking sector, little perceptible progress had been made by early 2013. Vietnam's economy continues to face challenges from an undercapitalized banking sector. Non-performing loans weigh heavily on banks and businesses. In September 2012, the official bad debt ratio climbed to 8.8%, though some independent analysts believe it could be higher than 15%." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$325.9 billion (2012 est.); $310.4 billion (2011 est.); $293.1 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$138.1 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "5% (2012 est.); 5.9% (2011 est.); 6.8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$3,600 (2012 est.); $3,500 (2011 est.); $3,300 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "37.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 32.8% of GDP (2011 est.); 34.8% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "62.2%", - "government_consumption": "6.3%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "28.2%", - "investment_in_inventories": "3.2%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "82.2%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-82.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "21.6%", - "industry": "40.8%", - "services": "37.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "paddy rice, coffee, rubber, tea, pepper, soybeans, cashews, sugar cane, peanuts, bananas; poultry; fish, seafood" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "food processing, garments, shoes, machine-building; mining, coal, steel; cement, chemical fertilizer, glass, tires, oil, mobile phones" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "6.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "49.18 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "48%", - "industry": "21%", - "services": "31% (2012)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "4.3% (2012 est.); 4.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "11.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.2%", - "highest_10%": "30.2% (2008)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "37.6 (2008); 36.1 (1998)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$40.66 billion", - "expenditures": "$47.8 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "29.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-5.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "48.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 48.8% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "official data; data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "9.1% (2012 est.); 18.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "9% (31 December 2012); 15% (31 December 2011)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "13.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 16.96% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$37.41 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $32.64 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$163.9 billion (30 October 2012 est.); $132 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$140 billion (30 October 2012 est.); $145.7 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$38.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $26 billion (31 December 2011); $37 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$457 million (2012 est.); $201 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$114.3 billion (2012 est.); $96.91 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "clothes, shoes, electronics, seafood, crude oil, rice, coffee, wooden products, machinery" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 17%, China 12.9%, Japan 12%, South Korea 4.6%, Germany 4.4%, Malaysia 4.2% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$114.3 billion (2012 est.); $97.36 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, petroleum products, steel products, raw materials for the clothing and shoe industries, electronics, plastics, automobiles" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 27.2%, South Korea 12.7%, Japan 8.5%, Singapore 8.3%, Thailand 5.3%, Hong Kong 5.2% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$23.88 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $14.05 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$53.08 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $57.84 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$73.95 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $65.35 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$7.7 billion (31 December 2009 est.); $5.3 billion (31 December 2008)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "dong (VND) per US dollar -; 20,858.9 (2012 est.); 20,649 (2011 est.); 18,612.92 (2010 est.); 17,799.6 (2009); 16,548.3 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "117 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "104 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "1.555 million kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "2.7 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "26.3 million kW (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "55% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "45% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0.1% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "336,100 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "188,000 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "4.7 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "112,000 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "259,900 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "37,050 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "184,900 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "9.3 billion cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "10.2 billion cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "890 million cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "699.4 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "112.8 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "10.175 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "127.318 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "Vietnam is putting considerable effort into modernization and expansion of its telecommunication system", - "domestic": "all provincial exchanges are digitalized and connected to Hanoi, Da Nang, and Ho Chi Minh City by fiber-optic cable or microwave radio relay networks; main lines have been increased, and the use of mobile telephones is growing rapidly", - "international": "country code - 84; a landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3, the C2C, and Thailand-Vietnam-Hong Kong submarine cable systems; the Asia-America Gateway submarine cable system, completed in 2009, provided new access links to Asia and the US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "government controls all broadcast media exercising oversight through the Ministry of Information and Communication (MIC); government-controlled national TV provider, Vietnam Television (VTV), operates a network of 9 channels with several regional broadcasting centers; programming is relayed nationwide via a network of provincial and municipal TV stations; law limits access to satellite TV but many households are able to access foreign programming via home satellite equipment; government-controlled Voice of Vietnam, the national radio broadcaster, broadcasts on 6 channels and is repeated on AM, FM, and shortwave stations throughout Vietnam (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".vn" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "189,553 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "23.382 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "45 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "38", - "over_3_047_m": "10", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "6", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "13", - "914_to_1_523_m": "9 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "7", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "3", - "under_914_m": "3 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "condensate 72 km; condensate/gas 398 km; gas 955 km; oil 128 km; oil/gas/water 33 km; refined products 206 km; water 13 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "2,632 km", - "standard_gauge": "527 km 1.435-m gauge", - "narrow_gauge": "2,105 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "180,549 km", - "paved": "133,899 km", - "unpaved": "46,650 km (2008)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "17,702 km (5,000 km are navigable by vessels up to 1.8 m draft) (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "579", - "by_type": "barge carrier 1, bulk carrier 142, cargo 335, chemical tanker 23, container 19, liquefied gas 7, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 48, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 1, specialized tanker 1", - "registered_in_other_countries": "86 (Cambodia 1, Kiribati 2, Mongolia 33, Panama 43, Taiwan 1, Tuvalu 6) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Cam Pha Port, Da Nang, Haiphong, Ho Chi Minh, Phu My, Quy Nhon" - }, - "transportation_note": { - "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the South China Sea as high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; numerous commercial vessels have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; hijacked vessels are often disguised and cargo diverted to ports in East Asia; crews have been murdered or cast adrift" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "People's Armed Forces: People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN; includes Vietnam People's Navy (with Naval Infantry), Vietnam People's Air and Air Defense Force, Border Defense Command) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-25 years of age for male compulsory and voluntary military service; females may volunteer for active duty military service; conscription typically takes place twice annually and service obligation is 18 months (Army, Air Defense), 2 years (Navy and Air Force); 18-45 years of age (male) or 18-40 years of age (female) for Militia Force or Self Defense Force service; males may enroll in military schools at age 17 (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "25,649,738", - "females_age_16_49": "24,995,692 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "20,405,847", - "females_age_16_49": "21,098,102 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "847,743", - "female": "787,341 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "2.5% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "southeast Asian states have enhanced border surveillance to check the spread of avian flu; Cambodia and Laos protest Vietnamese squatters and armed encroachments along border; Cambodia accuses Vietnam of a wide variety of illicit cross-border activities; progress on a joint development area with Cambodia is hampered by an unresolved dispute over sovereignty of offshore islands; an estimated 300,000 Vietnamese refugees reside in China; establishment of a maritime boundary with Cambodia is hampered by unresolved dispute over the sovereignty of offshore islands; the decade-long demarcation of the China-Vietnam land boundary was completed in 2009; China occupies the Paracel Islands also claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan; Brunei claims a maritime boundary extending beyond as far as a median with Vietnam, thus asserting an implicit claim to Lousia Reef; the 2002 \"Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea\" has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding \"code of conduct\" desired by several of the disputants; Vietnam continues to expand construction of facilities in the Spratly Islands; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands; Economic Exclusion Zone negotiations with Indonesia are ongoing, and the two countries in Fall 2011 agreed to work together to reduce illegal fishing along their maritime boundary" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "stateless_persons": "11,500 (2012); note - Vietnam's stateless ethnic Chinese Cambodian population dates to the 1970s when thousands of Cambodians fled to Vietnam to escape the Khmer Rouge and were no longer recognized as Cambodian citizens; Vietnamese women who gave up their citizenship to marry foreign men have found themselves stateless after divorcing and returning home to Vietnam; the government addressed this problem in 2009, and Vietnamese women are beginning to reclaim their citizenship" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "minor producer of opium poppy; probable minor transit point for Southeast Asian heroin; government continues to face domestic opium/heroin/methamphetamine addiction problems despite longstanding crackdowns" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/caribbean/ag-antigua-n-barbuda.json b/caribbean/ag-antigua-n-barbuda.json deleted file mode 100644 index a725cd60..00000000 --- a/caribbean/ag-antigua-n-barbuda.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,551 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The Siboney were the first people to inhabit the islands of Antigua and Barbuda in 2400 B.C., but Arawak Indians populated the islands when COLUMBUS landed on his second voyage in 1493. Early Spanish and French settlements were succeeded by an English colony in 1667. Slavery, established to run the sugar plantations on Antigua, was abolished in 1834. The islands became an independent state within the British Commonwealth of Nations in 1981." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east-southeast of Puerto Rico" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "17 03 N, 61 48 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" - }, - "area": { - "total": "442.6 sq km (Antigua 280 sq km; Barbuda 161 sq km)", - "land": "442.6 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km", - "note": "includes Redonda, 1.6 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "2.5 times the size of Washington, DC" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "153 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly low-lying limestone and coral islands, with some higher volcanic areas" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Caribbean Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Boggy Peak 402 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "NEGL; pleasant climate fosters tourism" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "9.09%", - "permanent_crops": "2.27%", - "other": "88.64% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "1.3 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "0.05 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.01 cu km/yr (63%/21%/15%)", - "per_capita": "97.67 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October); periodic droughts" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "water management - a major concern because of limited natural freshwater resources - is further hampered by the clearing of trees to increase crop production, causing rainfall to run off quickly" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "Antigua has a deeply indented shoreline with many natural harbors and beaches; Barbuda has a large western harbor" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Antiguan(s), Barbudan(s)", - "adjective": "Antiguan, Barbudan" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "black 91%, mixed 4.4%, white 1.7%, other 2.9% (2001 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "English (official), local dialects" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Protestant 76.4% (Anglican 25.7%, Seventh-Day Adventist 12.3%, Pentecostal 10.6%, Moravian 10.5%, Methodist 7.9%, Baptist 4.9%, Church of God 4.5%), Roman Catholic 10.4%, other Christian 5.4%, other 2%, none or unspecified 5.8% (2001 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "90,156 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "24.7% (male 11,333/female 10,979)", - "15_24_years": "16.7% (male 7,465/female 7,622)", - "25_54_years": "42.8% (male 17,638/female 20,930)", - "55_64_years": "8.6% (male 3,530/female 4,229)", - "65_years_and_over": "7.1% (male 2,771/female 3,659) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "47.2 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "36.7 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "10.5 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "9.5 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "30.8 years", - "male": "29.1 years", - "female": "32.3 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.26% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "16.07 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "5.7 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "2.26 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "30% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "SAINT JOHN'S (capital) 27,000 (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "0.97 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.84 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.84 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.76 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.9 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "13.72 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "15.8 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "11.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "75.91 years", - "male": "73.85 years", - "female": "78.07 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.04 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "6% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.17 physicians/1,000 population (1999)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "2.2 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 95% of population; rural: 89% of population; total: 91% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 5% of population; rural: 11% of population; total: 9% of population (2000 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 94% of population; total: 95% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 6% of population; total: 5% of population (2000 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "25.6% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "2.5% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over has completed five or more years of schooling", - "total_population": "99%", - "male": "98.4%", - "female": "99.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "14 years", - "male": "14 years", - "female": "14 years (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "19.9%", - "male": "18.4%", - "female": "21.6% (2001)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "none", - "conventional_short_form": "Antigua and Barbuda" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government and a Commonwealth realm" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Saint John's", - "geographic_coordinates": "17 07 N, 61 51 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "6 parishes and 2 dependencies*; Barbuda*, Redonda*, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mary, Saint Paul, Saint Peter, Saint Philip" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "1 November 1981 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day (National Day), 1 November (1981)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "1 November 1981" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "common law based on the English model" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Louisse LAKE-TACK (since 17 July 2007)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Winston Baldwin SPENCER (since 24 March 2004)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister", - "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general chosen by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (17 seats; members appointed by the governor general) and the House of Representatives (17 seats; members are elected by proportional representation to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "House of Representatives - last held on 12 March 2009 (next to be held in 2014)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - UPP 50.9%, ALP 47.2%, BPM 1.1%, other 0.8%; seats by party - UPP 9, ALP 7, BPM 1" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the itinerant superior court of record for the 9-member Organization of Eastern Caribbean States to include Antigua and Barbuda; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - is headed by the chief justice and is comprised of the Court of Appeal with 3 justices and the High Court with 16 judges; sittings of the Court of Appeal and High Court rotate among the 9 member states; 2 High Court judges reside on Antigua and Barbuda note - Antigua and Barbuda replaced the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London as the final appellate court; also a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court Chief Justice appointed by the Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62", - "subordinate_courts": "Industrial Court; Magistrates' Courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Antigua Labor Party or ALP [Gaston BROWNE]; Barbuda People's Movement or BPM [Trevor WALKER]; Barbuda People's Movement for Change [Arthur NIBBS]; Barbudans for a Better Barbuda [Ordrick SAMUEL]; United Progressive Party or UPP [W. Baldwin SPENCER] (a coalition of three parties - Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement or ACLM, Progressive Labor Movement or PLM, United National Democratic Party or UNDP)" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Antigua Trades and Labor Union or ATLU [Wigley GEORGE]; People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Hugh MARSHALL]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Deborah Mae LOVELL", - "chancery": "3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 362-5122", - "fax": "[1] (202) 362-5525", - "consulates_general": "Miami, New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Antigua and Barbuda; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Antigua and Barbuda" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "red, with an inverted isosceles triangle based on the top edge of the flag; the triangle contains three horizontal bands of black (top), light blue, and white, with a yellow rising sun in the black band; the sun symbolizes the dawn of a new era, black represents the African heritage of most of the population, blue is for hope, and red is for the dynamism of the people; the \"V\" stands for victory; the successive yellow, blue, and white coloring is also meant to evoke the country's tourist attractions of sun, sea, and sand" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Fair Antigua, We Salute Thee\"", - "lyrics_music": "Novelle Hamilton RICHARDS/Walter Garnet Picart CHAMBERS", - "note": "adopted 1967; as a Commonwealth country, in addition to the national anthem, \"God Save the Queen\" serves as the royal anthem (see United Kingdom)" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Tourism continues to dominate Antigua and Barbuda's economy, accounting for nearly 60% of GDP and 40% of investment. The dual-island nation's agricultural production is focused on the domestic market and constrained by a limited water supply and a labor shortage stemming from the lure of higher wages in tourism and construction. Manufacturing comprises enclave-type assembly for export with major products being bedding, handicrafts, and electronic components. Prospects for economic growth in the medium term will continue to depend on tourist arrivals from the US, Canada, and Europe and potential damages from natural disasters. After taking office in 2004, the SPENCER government adopted an ambitious fiscal reform program and was successful in reducing its public debt-to-GDP ratio from approximately 130% in 2010 to 89% in 2012. In 2009, Antigua's economy was severely hit by the global economic crisis and suffered from the collapse of its largest private sector employer, a steep decline in tourism, a rise in debt, and a sharp economic contraction between 2009-11. Antigua has not yet returned to its pre-crisis growth levels." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$1.605 billion (2012 est.); $1.58 billion (2011 est.); $1.628 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$1.176 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.6% (2012 est.); -3% (2011 est.); -8.5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$18,300 (2012 est.); $18,000 (2011 est.); $18,600 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "27.3%", - "government_consumption": "23.9%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "91.5%", - "investment_in_inventories": "-37.3%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "58.2%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-63.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "2.3%", - "industry": "18.3%", - "services": "79.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "cotton, fruits, vegetables, bananas, coconuts, cucumbers, mangoes, sugarcane; livestock" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "tourism, construction, light manufacturing (clothing, alcohol, household appliances)" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "30,000 (1991)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "7%", - "industry": "11%", - "services": "82% (1983)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "11% (2001 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$229.5 million", - "expenditures": "$293.4 million (2009 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "19.5% of GDP (2009 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-5.4% of GDP (2009 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "89% of GDP (2012 est.); 130% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 April - 31 March" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "1.4% (2012 est.); 3.3% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "6.5% (31 December 2010 est.); 6.5% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "10.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 10.93% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$208.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $223.4 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$1.131 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.12 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$1.185 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.134 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$200 million (2012 est.); -$120.1 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$37.9 million (2012 est.); $43.45 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "petroleum products, bedding, handicrafts, electronic components, transport equipment, food and live animals" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$400 million (2012 est.); $427 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "food and live animals, machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, oil" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$441.2 million (31 December 2012); $458 million (June 2010)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -; 2.7 (2012 est.); 2.7 (2011 est.); 2.7 (2010 est.); 2.7 (2009)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "115 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "107 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "27,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "5,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "239.5 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "4,662 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "718,800 Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "35,500 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "176,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "good automatic telephone system", - "domestic": "fixed-line teledensity roughly 40 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity is some 200 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 1-268; landing points for the East Caribbean Fiber System (ECFS) and the Global Caribbean Network (GCN) submarine cable systems with links to other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; satellite earth stations - 2; tropospheric scatter to Saba (Netherlands) and Guadeloupe (France) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-controlled Antigua and Barbuda Broadcasting Service (ABS) operates 1 TV station; multi-channel cable TV subscription services are available; ABS operates 1 radio station; roughly 15 radio stations, some broadcasting on multiple frequencies (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ag" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "11,532 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "65,000 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "3 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "2", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "1", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "1,165 km", - "paved": "384 km", - "unpaved": "781 km (2002)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "1,257", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 49, cargo 753, carrier 6, chemical tanker 4, container 407, liquefied gas 12, refrigerated cargo 7, roll on/roll off 17, vehicle carrier 2", - "foreign_owned": "1,215 (Albania 1, Colombia 1, Denmark 20, Estonia 10, Germany 1094, Greece 4, Iceland 10, Latvia 16, Lithuania 3, Mexico 1, Netherlands 17, Norway 9, NZ 2, Poland 2, Russia 3, Switzerland 7, Turkey 7, UK 1, US 7) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Saint John's" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Ministry of National Security, Royal Antigua and Barbuda Defense Force (includes Antigua and Barbuda Coast Guard) (2012)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; Governor-General has powers to call up men for national service and set the age at which they could be called up (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "21,141", - "females_age_16_49": "24,056 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "17,676", - "females_age_16_49": "19,960 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "806", - "female": "799 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "3.3% of GDP (2011)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "considered a minor transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; more significant as an offshore financial center" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/caribbean/bb-barbados.json b/caribbean/bb-barbados.json deleted file mode 100644 index 61f5f255..00000000 --- a/caribbean/bb-barbados.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,574 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The island was uninhabited when first settled by the British in 1627. African slaves worked the sugar plantations established on the island until 1834 when slavery was abolished. The economy remained heavily dependent on sugar, rum, and molasses production through most of the 20th century. The gradual introduction of social and political reforms in the 1940s and 1950s led to complete independence from the UK in 1966. In the 1990s, tourism and manufacturing surpassed the sugar industry in economic importance." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Caribbean, island in the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "13 10 N, 59 32 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" - }, - "area": { - "total": "430 sq km", - "land": "430 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "2.5 times the size of Washington, DC" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "97 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; rainy season (June to October)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "relatively flat; rises gently to central highland region" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Mount Hillaby 336 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, fish, natural gas" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "27.91%", - "permanent_crops": "2.33%", - "other": "69.77% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "54.35 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "0.08 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.1 cu km/yr (20%/26%/54%)", - "per_capita": "371.3 cu m/yr (2009)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "infrequent hurricanes; periodic landslides" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "pollution of coastal waters from waste disposal by ships; soil erosion; illegal solid waste disposal threatens contamination of aquifers" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "easternmost Caribbean island" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Barbadian(s) or Bajan (colloquial)", - "adjective": "Barbadian or Bajan (colloquial)" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "black 93%, white 3.2%, mixed 2.6%, East Indian 1%, other 0.2% (2000 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "English" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Protestant 63.4% (Anglican 28.3%, Pentecostal 18.7%, Methodist 5.1%, other 11.3%), Roman Catholic 4.2%, other Christian 7%, other 4.8%, none or unspecified 20.6% (2008 est.)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "288,725 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "18.6% (male 26,849/female 26,853)", - "15_24_years": "13.8% (male 19,937/female 19,852)", - "25_54_years": "45.4% (male 65,153/female 65,902)", - "55_64_years": "12% (male 16,102/female 18,550)", - "65_years_and_over": "10.2% (male 11,642/female 17,885) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "42.3 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "26.9 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "15.5 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "6.5 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "37.3 years", - "male": "36.2 years", - "female": "38.4 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.34% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "12.1 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "8.4 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "44% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.7% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "BRIDGETOWN (capital) 122,000 (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.86 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.65 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.94 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "51 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "11.13 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "12.49 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "9.76 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "74.75 years", - "male": "72.47 years", - "female": "77.05 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.68 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "8% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.81 physicians/1,000 population (2005)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "6.8 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "1.4% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "2,100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "34.7% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "7.5% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over has ever attended school", - "total_population": "99.7%", - "male": "99.7%", - "female": "99.7% (2002 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "17 years", - "male": "15 years", - "female": "18 years (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "26.2%", - "male": "24.1%", - "female": "28.7% (2003)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "none", - "conventional_short_form": "Barbados" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Bridgetown", - "geographic_coordinates": "13 06 N, 59 37 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "11 parishes and 1 city*; Bridgetown*, Christ Church, Saint Andrew, Saint George, Saint James, Saint John, Saint Joseph, Saint Lucy, Saint Michael, Saint Peter, Saint Philip, Saint Thomas" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "30 November 1966 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 30 November (1966)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "30 November 1966" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "English common law; no judicial review of legislative acts" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Elliot BELGRAVE (since 1 June 2012)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Freundel STUART (since 23 October 2010)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister", - "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; the prime minister recommends the deputy prime minister" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (21 seats; members appointed by the governor general - 12 on the advice of the Prime Minister, 2 on the advice of the opposition leader, and 7 at his discretion) and the House of Assembly (30 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "House of Assembly - last held on 21 February 2013 (next to be called in 2018)", - "election_results": "House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - DLP 51.3%, BLP 48.3%, other .4%; seats by party - DLP 16, BLP 14" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the High Court with 8 justices) and the Court of Appeal (consists of the chief Justice and president of the court and 4 justices note - Barbados, a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice, replaced the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) as the final court of appeal", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the governor-general on the recommendation of the prime minister and opposition leader of Parliament; other justices appointed by the governor-general on the recommendation of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission, a 5-member independent body consisting of the Supreme Court chief justice, the commission head, and governor-general appointees recommended by the prime minister; justices serve until mandatory retirement at age 65", - "subordinate_courts": "Magistrates' Courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Barbados Labor Party or BLP [Owen ARTHUR]; Democratic Labor Party or DLP [Freundel STUART]; People's Empowerment Party or PEP [David COMISSIONG]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Barbados Secondary Teachers' Union or BSTU [Mary REDMAN]; Barbados Union of Teachers or BUT [Karen BEST]; Congress of Trade Unions and Staff Associations of Barbados or CTUSAB, (includes the BWU, NUPW, BUT, and BSTU) [Leroy TROTMAN]; Barbados Workers Union or BWU [Linda BROOKS]; Clement Payne Labor Union [David COMISSIONG]; National Union of Public Workers [Walter MALONEY]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador John BEALE", - "chancery": "2144 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 939-9200", - "fax": "[1] (202) 332-7467", - "consulates_general": "Miami, New York", - "consulates": "Los Angeles" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Larry L. PALMER", - "embassy": "U.S. Embassy, Wildey Business Park, Wildey, St. Michael BB 14006", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 302, Bridgetown BB 11000; (Department Name) Unit 3120, DPO AA 34055", - "telephone": "[1] (246) 227-4000", - "fax": "[1] (246) 431-0179" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), gold, and blue with the head of a black trident centered on the gold band; the band colors represent the blue of the sea and sky and the gold of the beaches; the trident head represents independence and a break with the past (the colonial coat of arms contained a complete trident)" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Neptune's trident" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"The National Anthem of Barbados\"", - "lyrics_music": "Irving BURGIE/C. Van Roland EDWARDS", - "note": "adopted 1966; the anthem is also known as \"In Plenty and In Time of Need\"" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Barbados is the wealthiest and most developed country in the Eastern Caribbean and enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in Latin America. Historically, the Barbadian economy was dependent on sugarcane cultivation and related activities. However, in recent years the economy has diversified into light industry and tourism with about four-fifths of GDP and of exports being attributed to services. Offshore finance and information services are important foreign exchange earners and thrive from having the same time zone as eastern US financial centers and a relatively highly educated workforce. Barbados' tourism, financial services, and construction industries have been hard hit since the onset of the global economic crisis in 2008, which caused the economy to contract 4% in 2009 and grow below 1% annually since 2010. Barbados' public debt-to-GDP ratio rose from 56% in 2008 to 83% in 2012." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$7.169 billion (2012 est.); $7.169 billion (2011 est.); $7.128 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$4.49 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "0% (2012 est.); 0.6% (2011 est.); 0.2% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$25,800 (2012 est.); $25,900 (2011 est.); $25,800 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "72.7%", - "government_consumption": "19.2%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "14.5%", - "investment_in_inventories": "-3.1%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "46.5%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-49.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "3.1%", - "industry": "13.9%", - "services": "83% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "sugarcane, vegetables, cotton" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "tourism, sugar, light manufacturing, component assembly for export" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "137,500 (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "10%", - "industry": "15%", - "services": "75% (1996 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "11.6% (2012 est.); 10.8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$1.194 billion (2012 est.)", - "expenditures": "$1.513 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "26.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-7.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "82.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 80.1% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 April - 31 March" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "4.8% (2012 est.); 9.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "7% (31 December 2010 est.); 7% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "8.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 8.7% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$1.84 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$5.711 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $5.239 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$5.236 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.068 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$4.571 billion (31 December 2011); $4.366 billion (31 December 2010); $4.39 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$344.9 million (2012 est.); -$358.5 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$1.039 billion (2012 est.); $948.3 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "manufactures, sugar and molasses, rum, other foods and beverages, chemicals, electrical components" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Trinidad and Tobago 21.3%, US 11%, St. Lucia 9.9%, St. Vincent and the Grenadines 6.1%, Antigua and Barbuda 5%, St. Kitts and Nevis 4.7%, Jamaica 4.5%, UK 4.1%, Colombia 4% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$1.584 billion (2012 est.); $1.728 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "consumer goods, machinery, foodstuffs, construction materials, chemicals, fuel, electrical components" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Trinidad and Tobago 37.9%, US 25.7%, China 5.4% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$773.1 million (31 December 2012 est.); $812.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$4.49 billion (2010 est.); $668 million (2003 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Barbadian dollars (BBD) per US dollar -; 2 (2012 est.); 2 (2011 est.); 2 (2010 est.)", - "note": "the Barbadian dollar is pegged to the US dollar" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "1.037 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "955 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "239,100 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "1,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "2.26 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "8,339 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "7,686 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "29.17 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "29.17 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "113.3 million cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "1.57 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "140,700 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "347,900 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "island-wide automatic telephone system", - "domestic": "fixed-line teledensity of roughly 50 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone density approaching 125 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 1-246; landing point for the East Caribbean Fiber System (ECFS) submarine cable with links to 13 other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; satellite earth stations - 1 (Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Trinidad and Saint Lucia (2009)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "government-owned Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) operates the lone terrestrial TV station; CBC also operates a multi-channel cable TV subscription service; roughly a dozen radio stations, consisting of a CBC-operated network operating alongside privately owned radio stations (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".bb" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "1,524 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "188,000 (2008)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "1", - "over_3_047_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 33 km; oil 64 km; refined products 6 km (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "1,600 km", - "paved": "1,600 km (2004)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "109", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 23, cargo 52, chemical tanker 13, container 6, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 8, refrigerated cargo 4, roll on/roll off 1", - "foreign_owned": "83 (Canada 11, Greece 14, Iran 5, Lebanon 2, Norway 38, Sweden 4, Syria 1, Turkey 1, UAE 1, UK 6) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Bridgetown" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Royal Barbados Defense Force: Troops Command, Barbados Coast Guard (2011)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service, or earlier with parental consent; no conscription (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "73,820", - "females_age_16_49": "73,835 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "58,125", - "females_age_16_49": "58,016 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "1,842", - "female": "1,849 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.8% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "military_note": { - "text": "the Royal Barbados Defense Force includes a land-based Troop Command and a small Coast Guard; the primary role of the land element is island defense against external aggression; the Command consists of a single, part-time battalion with a small regular cadre deployed throughout the island; the cadre increasingly supports the police in patrolling the coastline for smuggling and other illicit activities (2007)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago abide by the April 2006 Permanent Court of Arbitration decision delimiting a maritime boundary and limiting catches of flying fish in Trinidad and Tobago's exclusive economic zone; joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its Economic Exclusion Zone/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Barbados is a source and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor; legal and illegal female migrants from Jamaica, the Dominican Republic, and Guyana seem most vulnerable to forced prostitution; Barbadian and immigrant children are prostituted in exchange for material goods; in the past, foreigners are reported to have been forced to work in the domestic service, agriculture, and construction industries", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Barbados does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the country was granted a waiver of an otherwise required downgrade to Tier 3 because the government adopted a national action plan on human trafficking that specifies implementing agencies and addresses prosecution, protection, and prevention measures; the government conducted at least two sex trafficking investigations in 2012, as opposed to none in the previous year but did not report any prosecutions or convictions of trafficking offenses; Barbadian law does not appear to prohibit all forms of human trafficking and does not prescribe sufficiently stringent penalties; government efforts to prevent human trafficking included broadcasting short public awareness messages, holding town hall meetings, and funding a hotline (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "one of many Caribbean transshipment points for narcotics bound for Europe and the US; offshore financial center" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/caribbean/bs-bahamas.json b/caribbean/bs-bahamas.json deleted file mode 100644 index d66ef30a..00000000 --- a/caribbean/bs-bahamas.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,575 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Lucayan Indians inhabited the islands when Christopher COLUMBUS first set foot in the New World on San Salvador in 1492. British settlement of the islands began in 1647; the islands became a colony in 1783. Since attaining independence from the UK in 1973, The Bahamas has prospered through tourism, international banking, and investment management. Because of its geography, the country is a major transshipment point for illegal drugs, particularly shipments to the US and Europe, and its territory is used for smuggling illegal migrants into the US." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "chain of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Florida, northeast of Cuba" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "24 15 N, 76 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" - }, - "area": { - "total": "13,880 sq km", - "land": "10,010 sq km", - "water": "3,870 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Connecticut" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "3,542 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "long, flat coral formations with some low rounded hills" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Mount Alvernia on Cat Island 63 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "salt, aragonite, timber, arable land" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "0.65%", - "permanent_crops": "0.29%", - "other": "99.06% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "10 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "0.02 cu km (2011)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "hurricanes and other tropical storms cause extensive flood and wind damage" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "coral reef decay; solid waste disposal" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location adjacent to US and Cuba; extensive island chain of which 30 are inhabited" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Bahamian(s)", - "adjective": "Bahamian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "black 85%, white 12%, Asian and Hispanic 3%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "English (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Protestant 67.6% (Baptist 35.4%, Anglican 15.1%, Pentecostal 8.1%, Church of God 4.8%, Methodist 4.2%), Roman Catholic 13.5%, other Christian 15.2%, none or unspecified 2.9%, other 0.8% (2000 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "319,031 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "23.6% (male 38,174/female 37,066)", - "15_24_years": "17.5% (male 28,306/female 27,562)", - "25_54_years": "44.1% (male 70,093/female 70,608)", - "55_64_years": "8.1% (male 11,371/female 14,355)", - "65_years_and_over": "6.7% (male 8,233/female 13,263) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "40.9 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "30 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "10.8 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "9.2 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "30.8 years", - "male": "29.7 years", - "female": "32 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.89% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "15.81 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "6.96 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "84% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "NASSAU (capital) 254,000 (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.79 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.62 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.96 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "47 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "12.89 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "12.9 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "12.88 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "71.69 years", - "male": "69.25 years", - "female": "74.19 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.97 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "7.9% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.05 physicians/1,000 population (1998)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "3.1 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 86% of population; total: 96% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 14% of population; total: 4% of population (2000 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "3.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "6,600 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 500 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "34.7% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "95.6%", - "male": "94.7%", - "female": "96.5% (2003 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "12 years", - "male": "12 years", - "female": "12 years (2006)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "18.9%", - "male": "16.7%", - "female": "21.7% (2007)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Commonwealth of The Bahamas", - "conventional_short_form": "The Bahamas" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "constitutional parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Nassau", - "geographic_coordinates": "25 05 N, 77 21 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "31 districts; Acklins Islands, Berry Islands, Bimini, Black Point, Cat Island, Central Abaco, Central Andros, Central Eleuthera, City of Freeport, Crooked Island and Long Cay, East Grand Bahama, Exuma, Grand Cay, Harbour Island, Hope Town, Inagua, Long Island, Mangrove Cay, Mayaguana, Moore's Island, North Abaco, North Andros, North Eleuthera, Ragged Island, Rum Cay, San Salvador, South Abaco, South Andros, South Eleuthera, Spanish Wells, West Grand Bahama" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "10 July 1973 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 10 July (1973)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "10 July 1973" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "common law system based on the English model" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Sir Arthur A. FOULKES (since 14 April 2010)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Perry CHRISTIE (since 8 May 2012)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the prime minister's recommendation", - "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; the prime minister recommends the deputy prime minister" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (16 seats; members appointed by the governor general upon the advice of the prime minister and the opposition leader to serve five-year terms) and the House of Assembly (38 seats; members elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms); the government may dissolve the parliament and call elections at any time", - "elections": "last held on 7 May 2012 (next to be held by May 2017)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PLP 30, FNM 8" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "The Bahamas Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and 4 justices, sitting in panels of 3 justices) note - as of 2008, the Bahamas was not a party to the agreement establishing the Caribbean Court of Justice as the highest appellate court for the 15-member Caribbean Community (CARICOM); the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) serves as the final court of appeal for the Bahamas", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Court of Appeal justices appointed by the governor-general on the advice of the prime minister and in consultation with the Judicial and Legal Services Commission; justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 68-70", - "subordinate_courts": "Supreme Court; Industrial Tribunal; Stipendiary and Magistrates Courts; Family Island Administrators" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Free National Movement or FNM [Hubert MINNIS]; Progressive Liberal Party or PLP [Perry CHRISTIE]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Friends of the Environment", - "other": "trade unions" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITSO, ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant)", - "chancery": "2220 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 319-2660", - "fax": "[1] (202) 319-2668", - "consulates_general": "Atlanta, Miami, New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d' Affaires John DINKELMAN", - "embassy": "42 Queen Street, Nassau, New Providence", - "mailing_address": "local or express mail address: P. O. Box N-8197, Nassau; US Department of State, 3370 Nassau Place, Washington, DC 20521-3370", - "telephone": "[1] (242) 322-1181, 328-2206 (after hours)", - "fax": "[1] (242) 328-2206" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of aquamarine (top), gold, and aquamarine, with a black equilateral triangle based on the hoist side; the band colors represent the golden beaches of the islands surrounded by the aquamarine sea; black represents the vigor and force of a united people, while the pointing triangle indicates the enterprise and determination of the Bahamian people to develop the rich resources of land and sea" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "blue marlin; flamingo" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"March On, Bahamaland!\"", - "lyrics_music": "Timothy GIBSON", - "note": "adopted 1973; as a Commonwealth country, in addition to the national anthem, \"God Save the Queen\" serves as the royal anthem (see United Kingdom)" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "The Bahamas is one of the wealthiest Caribbean countries with an economy heavily dependent on tourism and offshore banking. Tourism together with tourism-driven construction and manufacturing accounts for approximately 60% of GDP and directly or indirectly employs half of the archipelago's labor force. Financial services constitute the second-most important sector of the Bahamian economy and, when combined with business services, account for about 36% of GDP. Manufacturing and agriculture combined contribute less than a 10th of GDP and show little growth, despite government incentives aimed at those sectors. The economy of The Bahamas shrank at an average pace of 0.8% annually between 2007-11, and tourism, financial services, and construction - pillars of the national economy - remained weak. These challenges, coupled with a growing public debt, increases in government expenditures, a narrow revenue base, and heavy dependence on customs and property taxes have led to prospects of limited growth for The Bahamas." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$11.24 billion (2012 est.); $10.96 billion (2011 est.); $10.79 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$8.043 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.5% (2012 est.); 1.6% (2011 est.); 0.2% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$31,900 (2012 est.); $31,500 (2011 est.); $31,300 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "68.3%", - "government_consumption": "15.9%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "28.2%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "45.8%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-58.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "2.1%", - "industry": "7.1%", - "services": "90.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "citrus, vegetables; poultry" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "tourism, banking, cement, oil transshipment, salt, rum, aragonite, pharmaceuticals" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "192,200 (2012)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "5%", - "industry": "5%", - "tourism": "50%", - "other_services": "40% (2005 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "14% (2012 est.); 14.2% (2009 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "9.3% (2004)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1%", - "highest_10%": "22% (2007)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$1.5 billion", - "expenditures": "$1.8 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "18.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-3.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 July - 30 June" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.8% (2012 est.); 3.2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "4.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 4% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "4.8% (31 December 2012 est.); 5.06% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$1.575 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.435 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$6.482 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.104 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$8.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $8.511 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$2.78 billion (31 December 2012 est.)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$1.139 billion (2012 est.); -$1.091 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$750 million (2012 est.); $834.9 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "crawfish, aragonite, crude salt, polystyrene products" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Singapore 23.7%, US 19.5%, Dominican Republic 13.4%, Ecuador 9.8%, Canada 5.4%, Guatemala 4.4% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$2.882 billion (2012 est.); $2.966 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, mineral fuels; food and live animals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "US 29.9%, India 20.1%, Singapore 8.7%, South Korea 6.7%, China 5%, Colombia 4.3%, Canada 4.2% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$846.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $1.07 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$16.88 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $15.13 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Bahamian dollars (BSD) per US dollar -; 1 (2012 est.); 1 (2011 est.); 1 (2010 est.); 1 (2008 est.); 1 (2007 est.)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "1.93 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "1.79 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "490,000 kW (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "36,300 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "41,610 bbl/day (2010 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "64,600 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "5.573 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "133,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "298,800 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "modern facilities", - "domestic": "totally automatic system; highly developed; the Bahamas Domestic Submarine Network links 14 of the islands and is designed to satisfy increasing demand for voice and broadband Internet services", - "international": "country code - 1-242; landing point for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) fiber-optic submarine cable that provides links to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth stations - 2 (2007)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "2 TV stations operated by government-owned, commercially run Broadcasting Corporation of the Bahamas (BCB); multi-channel cable TV subscription service is available; about 15 radio stations operating with BCB operating a multi-channel radio broadcasting network alongside privately owned radio stations (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".bs" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "20,661 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "115,800 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "61 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "24", - "over_3_047_m": "2", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "13", - "914_to_1_523_m": "7 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "37", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "4", - "914_to_1_523_m": "16", - "under_914_m": "17 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "2,717 km", - "paved": "1,560 km", - "unpaved": "1,157 km (2002)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "1,160", - "by_type": "barge carrier 1, bulk carrier 238, cargo 170, carrier 2, chemical tanker 87, combination ore/oil 8, container 57, liquefied gas 71, passenger 102, passenger/cargo 26, petroleum tanker 225, refrigerated cargo 97, roll on/roll off 13, specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 61", - "foreign_owned": "1,063 (Angola 6, Australia 1, Belgium 6, Bermuda 15, Brazil 1, Canada 96, Croatia 1, Cyprus 23, Denmark 69, Finland 8, France 15, Germany 30, Greece 225, Guernsey 6, Hong Kong 3, Indonesia 2, Ireland 3, Italy 1, Japan 88, Jordan 2, Kuwait 1, Malaysia 13, Monaco 8, Montenegro 2, Netherlands 23, Nigeria 2, Norway 186, Poland 34, Saudi Arabia 16, Singapore 7, South Korea 1, Spain 6, Sweden 11, Switzerland 1, Thailand 4, Turkey 3, UAE 23, UK 18, US 109)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "6 (Panama 6) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Freeport, Nassau, South Riding Point", - "container_ports_teus": "Freeport (1,116,272)(2011)", - "cruise_ports": "Nassau" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Royal Bahamas Defense Force: Land Force, Navy, Air Wing (2011)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary male and female service; no conscription (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "85,568 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "63,429", - "females_age_16_49": "64,645 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "2,829", - "female": "2,750 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.6% of GDP (2011)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "disagrees with the US on the alignment of the northern axis of a potential maritime boundary" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for US and Europe; offshore financial center" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/caribbean/cu-cuba.json b/caribbean/cu-cuba.json deleted file mode 100644 index 45458357..00000000 --- a/caribbean/cu-cuba.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,614 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The native Amerindian population of Cuba began to decline after the European discovery of the island by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1492 and following its development as a Spanish colony during the next several centuries. Large numbers of African slaves were imported to work the coffee and sugar plantations, and Havana became the launching point for the annual treasure fleets bound for Spain from Mexico and Peru. Spanish rule eventually provoked an independence movement and occasional rebellions that were harshly suppressed. US intervention during the Spanish-American War in 1898 assisted the Cubans in overthrowing Spanish rule. The Treaty of Paris established Cuban independence from the US in 1902 after which the island experienced a string of governments mostly dominated by the military and corrupt politicians. Fidel CASTRO led a rebel army to victory in 1959; his iron rule held the subsequent regime together for nearly five decades. He stepped down as president in February 2008 in favor of his younger brother Raul CASTRO. Cuba's communist revolution, with Soviet support, was exported throughout Latin America and Africa during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. The country faced a severe economic downturn in 1990 following the withdrawal of former Soviet subsidies worth $4 billion to $6 billion annually. Cuba at times portrays the US embargo, in place since 1961, as the source if its difficulties. Illicit migration to the US - using homemade rafts, alien smugglers, air flights, or via the US's southwest border - is a continuing problem. The US Coast Guard interdicted 1,275 Cuban nationals attempting to cross the Straits of Florida in 2012." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, 150 km south of Key West, Florida" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "21 30 N, 80 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" - }, - "area": { - "total": "110,860 sq km", - "land": "109,820 sq km", - "water": "1,040 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Pennsylvania" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "29 km", - "border_countries": "US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay 29 km", - "note": "Guantanamo Naval Base is leased by the US and remains part of Cuba" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "3,735 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly flat to rolling plains, with rugged hills and mountains in the southeast" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Caribbean Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Pico Turquino 2,005 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "cobalt, nickel, iron ore, chromium, copper, salt, timber, silica, petroleum, arable land" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "32.31%", - "permanent_crops": "3.55%", - "other": "64.15% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "8,703 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "38.12 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "4.42 cu km/yr (22%/14%/65%)", - "per_capita": "392.6 cu m/yr (2010)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "the east coast is subject to hurricanes from August to November (in general, the country averages about one hurricane every other year); droughts are common" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "air and water pollution; biodiversity loss; deforestation" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Marine Life Conservation" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "largest country in Caribbean and westernmost island of the Greater Antilles" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Cuban(s)", - "adjective": "Cuban" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "white 65.1%, mulatto and mestizo 24.8%, black 10.1% (2002 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Spanish (official)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "nominally Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant, Jehovah's Witnesses, Jewish, Santeria", - "note": "prior to CASTRO assuming power" - }, - "population": { - "text": "11,061,886 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "16.6% (male 944,254/female 892,766)", - "15_24_years": "13.9% (male 787,368/female 748,315)", - "25_54_years": "46.9% (male 2,611,371/female 2,578,471)", - "55_64_years": "10.3% (male 544,465/female 595,856)", - "65_years_and_over": "12.3% (male 611,086/female 747,934) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "41.9 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "23 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "18.9 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "5.3 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "39.5 years", - "male": "38.6 years", - "female": "40.3 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.13% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "9.92 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "7.58 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-3.61 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "75% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "HAVANA (capital) 2.116 million (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.91 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.82 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "73 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "4.76 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "5.12 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "4.39 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "78.05 years", - "male": "75.77 years", - "female": "80.46 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.46 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "74.3% (2011)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "10.6% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "6.4 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "5.9 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 96% of population; rural: 89% of population; total: 94% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 4% of population; rural: 11% of population; total: 6% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 94% of population; rural: 81% of population; total: 91% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 6% of population; rural: 19% of population; total: 9% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "7,100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "intermediate", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A", - "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "21.5% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "3.4% (2000)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "12.9% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99.8%", - "male": "99.8%", - "female": "99.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "15 years", - "male": "15 years", - "female": "16 years (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "3.1%", - "male": "2.8%", - "female": "3.5% (2008)" - }, - "people_note": { - "text": "illicit emigration is a continuing problem; Cubans attempt to depart the island and enter the US using homemade rafts, alien smugglers, direct flights, or falsified visas; Cubans also use non-maritime routes to enter the US including direct flights to Miami and over-land via the southwest border" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Cuba", - "conventional_short_form": "Cuba", - "local_long_form": "Republica de Cuba", - "local_short_form": "Cuba" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "Communist state" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Havana", - "geographic_coordinates": "23 07 N, 82 21 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November; note - Cuba has been known to alter the schedule of DST on short notice in an attempt to conserve electricity for lighting" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "15 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 special municipality* (municipio especial); Artemisa, Camaguey, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos, Granma, Guantanamo, Holguin, Isla de la Juventud*, La Habana, Las Tunas, Matanzas, Mayabeque, Pinar del Rio, Sancti Spiritus, Santiago de Cuba, Villa Clara" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the US from 1898 to 1902); not acknowledged by the Cuban Government as a day of independence" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Triumph of the Revolution, 1 January (1959)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "24 February 1976; amended July 1992 and June 2002" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system based on Spanish civil code" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "16 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President of the Council of State and President of the Council of Ministers Gen. Raul CASTRO Ruz (president since 24 February 2008); First Vice President of the Council of State and First Vice President of the Council of Ministers Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez (since 24 February 2013); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President of the Council of State and President of the Council of Ministers Gen. Raul CASTRO Ruz (president since 24 February 2008); First Vice President of the Council of State and First Vice President of the Council of Ministers Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez (since 24 February 2013)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers proposed by the president of the Council of State and appointed by the National Assembly or the 28-member Council of State, elected by the assembly to act on its behalf when it is not in session", - "elections": "president and vice presidents elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term; election last held on 24 February 2013 (next to be held in 2018)", - "election_results": "Gen. Raul CASTRO Ruz reelected president; percent of legislative vote - 100%; Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez elected vice president; percent of legislative vote - 100%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly of People's Power or Asemblea Nacional del Poder Popular (number of seats in the National Assembly is based on population; 614 seats; members elected directly from slates approved by special candidacy commissions to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 3 February 2013 (next to be held in 2018)", - "election_results": "Cuba's Communist Party is the only legal party, and officially sanctioned candidates run unopposed" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "People's Supreme Court (consists of court president, vice president, 41 professional justices, and NA lay judges; organized into the \"Whole,\" State Council, and criminal, civil, administrative, labor, crimes against the state, and military courts)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "professional judges elected by the National Assembly to serve 2.5-year terms; lay judges nominated by workplace collectives and neighborhood associations and elected by municipal or provincial assemblies; lay judges appointed for 5-year terms and serve up to 30 days per year", - "subordinate_courts": "People's Provincial Courts; People's Regional Courts; People's Courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Cuban Communist Party or PCC [Raul CASTRO Ruz, first secretary]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Human Rights Watch; National Association of Small Farmers" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, ALBA, AOSIS, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IAEA, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS (excluded from formal participation since 1962), OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "text": "none; note - Cuba has an Interests Section in the Swiss Embassy, headed by Principal Officer Jorge BOLANOS Suarez; address: Cuban Interests Section, Swiss Embassy, 2630 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009; telephone: [1] (202) 797-8518; FAX: [1] (202) 797-8521" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "text": "none; note - the US has an Interests Section in the Swiss Embassy, headed by Chief of Mission John P. CAULFIELD; address: USINT, Swiss Embassy, Calzada between L and M Streets, Vedado, Havana; telephone: [53] (7) 839-4100; FAX: [53] (7) 839-4247; protecting power in Cuba is Switzerland" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "five equal horizontal bands of blue (top, center, and bottom) alternating with white; a red equilateral triangle based on the hoist side bears a white, five-pointed star in the center; the blue bands refer to the three old divisions of the island: central, occidental, and oriental; the white bands describe the purity of the independence ideal; the triangle symbolizes liberty, equality, and fraternity, while the red color stands for the blood shed in the independence struggle; the white star, called La Estrella Solitaria (the Lone Star) lights the way to freedom and was taken from the flag of Texas", - "note": "design similar to the Puerto Rican flag, with the colors of the bands and triangle reversed" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"La Bayamesa\" (The Bayamo Song)", - "lyrics_music": "Pedro FIGUEREDO", - "note": "adopted 1940; Pedro FIGUEREDO first performed \"La Bayamesa\" in 1868 during the Ten Years War against the Spanish; a leading figure in the uprising, FIGUEREDO was captured in 1870 and executed by a firing squad; just prior to the fusillade he is reputed to have shouted, \"Morir por la Patria es vivir\" (To die for the country is to live), a line from the anthem" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "The government continues to balance the need for loosening its socialist economic system against a desire for firm political control. The government in April 2011 held the first Cuban Communist Party Congress in almost 13 years, during which leaders approved a plan for wide-ranging economic changes. President Raul CASTRO said such changes were needed to update the economic model to ensure the survival of socialism. The government has expanded opportunities for self-employment and has introduced limited reforms, some initially implemented in the 1990s, to increase enterprise efficiency and alleviate serious shortages of food, consumer goods, services, and housing. The average Cuban's standard of living remains at a lower level than before the downturn of the 1990s, which was caused by the loss of Soviet aid and domestic inefficiencies. Since late 2000, Venezuela has been providing oil on preferential terms, and it currently supplies over 100,000 barrels per day of petroleum products. Cuba has been paying for the oil, in part, with the services of Cuban personnel in Venezuela including some 30,000 medical professionals." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$121 billion (2012 est.); $117.3 billion (2011 est.); $114.1 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$72.3 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.1% (2012 est.); 2.8% (2011 est.); 2.4% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$10,200 (2010 est.); $10,000 (2009 est.); $10,000 (2008 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2010 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "11.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 11.7% of GDP (2011 est.); 14.9% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "53.5%", - "government_consumption": "35.4%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "9.6%", - "investment_in_inventories": "-2.2%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "24.6%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-20.9% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "3.8%", - "industry": "22.2%", - "services": "74% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "sugar, tobacco, citrus, coffee, rice, potatoes, beans; livestock" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "petroleum, nickel/cobalt, pharmaceuticals, tobacco, construction, steel, cement, agricultural machinery, sugar" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "6.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "5.18 million", - "note": "state sector 72.3%, non-state sector 27.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "19.7%", - "industry": "17.1%", - "services": "63.2% (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "3.8% (2012 est.); 3.2% (2011 est.)", - "note": "these are official rates; unofficial estimates are about double the official figures" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$47.78 billion", - "expenditures": "$50.45 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "66.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-3.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "35.3% of GDP (2012 est.); 36% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "5.5% (2012 est.); 4.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$10.97 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $10.65 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$36.29 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $34.77 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$1 billion (2011 est.); $1.4 billion (2010 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$5.972 billion (2012 est.); $6.34 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "petroleum, nickel, medical products, sugar, tobacco, fish, citrus, coffee" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Canada 17.3%, China 16.6%, Venezuela 12.7%, Netherlands 8.8%, Spain 5.8% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$13.72 billion (2012 est.); $14.02 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "petroleum, food, machinery and equipment, chemicals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Venezuela 36.4%, China 10.5%, Spain 8.7%, Brazil 5.1%, US 4.2% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$4.693 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.393 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$22.51 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $21.88 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$4.138 billion (2006 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Cuban pesos (CUP) per US dollar -; 1 (2012 est.); 0.9847 (2011 est.); 0.9259 (2010 est.); 0.9259 (2009); 0.9259 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "17.8 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "16.38 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "5.914 million kW (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "99.3% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0.6% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0.1% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "53,000 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "83,000 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "165,000 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "181.5 million bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "104,200 bbl/day (2010 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "150,200 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "73,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "1.03 billion cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "1.03 billion cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "70.79 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "34.46 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "1.193 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "1.315 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "greater investment beginning in 1994 and the establishment of a new Ministry of Information Technology and Communications in 2000 has resulted in improvements in the system; national fiber-optic system under development; 95% of switches digitized by end of 2006; mobile-cellular telephone service is expensive and must be paid in convertible pesos, which effectively limits subscribership", - "domestic": "fixed-line density remains low at 10 per 100 inhabitants; mobile-cellular service expanding but remains only about 10 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 53; fiber-optic cable laid to but not linked to US network; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region) (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "government owns and controls all broadcast media with private ownership of electronic media prohibited; government operates 4 national TV networks and many local TV stations; government operates 6 national radio networks, an international station, and many local radio stations; Radio-TV Marti is beamed from the US (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".cu" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "3,244 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "1.606 million", - "note": "private citizens are prohibited from buying computers or accessing the Internet without special authorization; foreigners may access the Internet in large hotels but are subject to firewalls; some Cubans buy illegal passwords on the black market or take advantage of public outlets to access limited email and the government-controlled \"intranet\" (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "133 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "64", - "over_3_047_m": "7", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "10", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "16", - "914_to_1_523_m": "4", - "under_914_m": "27 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "69", - "914_to_1_523_m": "11", - "under_914_m": "58 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 41 km; oil 230 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "8,203 km", - "standard_gauge": "8,134 km 1.435-m gauge (124 km electrified)", - "narrow_gauge": "69 km 1.000-m gauge", - "note": "48 km of standard gauge track is not for public use (2011)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "60,858 km", - "paved": "29,820 km (includes 639 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "31,038 km (2001)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "240 km (almost all navigable inland waterways are near the mouths of rivers) (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "3", - "by_type": "cargo 1, passenger 1, refrigerated cargo 1", - "registered_in_other_countries": "5 (Curacao 1, Panama 2, unknown 2) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Antilla, Cienfuegos, Guantanamo, Havana, Matanzas, Mariel, Nuevitas Bay, Santiago de Cuba" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Revolutionary Armed Forces (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias, FAR): Revolutionary Army (Ejercito Revolucionario, ER, includes Territorial Militia Troops (Milicia de Tropas de Territoriales, MTT)); Revolutionary Navy (Marina de Guerra Revolucionaria, MGR, includes Marine Corps); Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Forces (Defensas Anti-Aereas y Fuerza Aerea Revolucionaria, DAAFAR), Youth Labor Army (Ejercito Juvenil del Trabajo, EJT) (2011)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "17-28 years of age for compulsory military service; 2-year service obligation; both sexes subject to military service (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,998,201", - "females_age_16_49": "2,919,107 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,446,131", - "females_age_16_49": "2,375,590 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "72,823", - "female": "69,108 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "3.2% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "military_note": { - "text": "the collapse of the Soviet Union deprived the Cuban military of its major economic and logistic support and had a significant impact on the state of Cuban equipment; the army remains well trained and professional in nature; while the lack of replacement parts for its existing equipment has increasingly affected operational capabilities, Cuba remains able to offer considerable resistance to any regional power\r\n (2010)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased to US and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the facility can terminate the lease" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Cuba is a source country for adults and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; child prostitution and child sex tourism reportedly occurs in Cuba, and laws do not appear to penalize the prostitution of children between the ages of 16 and 18; allegations have been made of Cubans being subjected to forced labor, particularly with Cuban work missions abroad; the scope of trafficking within Cuba is particularly difficult to gauge due to the closed nature of the government and sparse non-governmental or independent reporting", - "tier_rating": "Tier 3 - Cuba does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government has not publicized information about government measures to address human trafficking through prosecution, protection, or prevention efforts but did share information about its general approach to protection for children and youth; the government has a network of shelters for victims of domestic violence and child abuse but has not verified if trafficking victims receive care in those centers (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "territorial waters and air space serve as transshipment zone for US- and European-bound drugs; established the death penalty for certain drug-related crimes in 1999 (2008)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/caribbean/dm-dominica.json b/caribbean/dm-dominica.json deleted file mode 100644 index 9f22ae49..00000000 --- a/caribbean/dm-dominica.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,553 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Dominica was the last of the Caribbean islands to be colonized by Europeans due chiefly to the fierce resistance of the native Caribs. France ceded possession to Great Britain in 1763, which made the island a colony in 1805. In 1980, two years after independence, Dominica's fortunes improved when a corrupt and tyrannical administration was replaced by that of Mary Eugenia CHARLES, the first female prime minister in the Caribbean, who remained in office for 15 years. Some 3,000 Carib Indians still living on Dominica are the only pre-Columbian population remaining in the eastern Caribbean." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, about half way between Puerto Rico and Trinidad and Tobago" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "15 25 N, 61 20 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" - }, - "area": { - "total": "751 sq km", - "land": "751 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly more than four times the size of Washington, DC" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "148 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds; heavy rainfall" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "rugged mountains of volcanic origin" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Caribbean Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Morne Diablotins 1,447 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "timber, hydropower, arable land" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "8%", - "permanent_crops": "24%", - "other": "68% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.02 cu km/yr", - "per_capita": "244.1 cu m/yr (2004)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "flash floods are a constant threat; destructive hurricanes can be expected during the late summer months" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "known as \"The Nature Island of the Caribbean\" due to its spectacular, lush, and varied flora and fauna, which are protected by an extensive natural park system; the most mountainous of the Lesser Antilles, its volcanic peaks are cones of lava craters and include Boiling Lake, the second-largest, thermally active lake in the world" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Dominican(s)", - "adjective": "Dominican" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "black 86.8%, mixed 8.9%, Carib Amerindian 2.9%, white 0.8%, other 0.7% (2001 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "English (official), French patois" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 61.4%, Protestant 20.6% (Seventh-Day Adventist 6%, Pentecostal 5.6%, Baptist 4.1%, Methodist 3.7%, Church of God 1.2%), Jehovah's Witnesses 1.2%, other Christian 7.7%, Rastafarian 1.3%, other or unspecified 1.6%, none 6.1% (2001 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "73,286 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "22.3% (male 8,354/female 7,994)", - "15_24_years": "17.2% (male 6,475/female 6,100)", - "25_54_years": "41.2% (male 15,337/female 14,841)", - "55_64_years": "9% (male 3,487/female 3,074)", - "65_years_and_over": "10.4% (male 3,328/female 4,296) (2013 est.)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "31.7 years", - "male": "31.2 years", - "female": "32.1 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.22% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "15.61 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "7.97 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-5.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "67% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "ROSEAU (capital) 14,000 (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.12 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.77 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.02 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "11.99 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "15.99 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "7.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "76.39 years", - "male": "73.43 years", - "female": "79.49 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.06 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "7.4% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.5 physicians/1,000 population (1997)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "3.8 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 96% of population; rural: 92% of population; total: 95% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 4% of population; rural: 8% of population; total: 5% of population (2000 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 80% of population; rural: 84% of population; total: 81% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 20% of population; rural: 16% of population; total: 19% of population (2000 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "24.9% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "3.5% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over has ever attended school", - "total_population": "94%", - "male": "94%", - "female": "94% (2003 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "13 years", - "male": "13 years", - "female": "13 years (2008)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "26%", - "male": "26.2%", - "female": "25.4% (2001)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Commonwealth of Dominica", - "conventional_short_form": "Dominica" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary democracy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Roseau", - "geographic_coordinates": "15 18 N, 61 24 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "10 parishes; Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Joseph, Saint Luke, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick, Saint Paul, Saint Peter" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "3 November 1978 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 3 November (1978)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "3 November 1978" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "common law based on the English model" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Eliud WILLIAMS (since 17 September 2012)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Roosevelt SKERRIT (since 8 January 2004)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister", - "elections": "president elected by the House of Assembly for a five-year term; election last held on 1 October 2003 (next to be held in October 2013); prime minister appointed by the president", - "election_results": "Eliud WILLIAMS was elected president following the resignation of Nicholas LIVERPOOL" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral House of Assembly (32 seats; 9 members appointed, 21 elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms, 1 speaker elected from among persons who are not members of the House, responsible for the management and general administration of the House, and one ex-officio Clerk of the House)", - "elections": "last held on 18 December 2009 (next to be held in 2015); note - tradition dictates that the election will be held within five years of the last election, but technically it is five years from the first seating of parliament (12 May 2005) plus a 90-day grace period", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - DLP 61.2%, UWP 34.9%, other 3.9%; seats by party - DLP 18, UWP 3" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "The Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the itinerant superior court of record for the 9-member Organization of Eastern Caribbean States to include Dominica; the ECSC - based on St. Lucia - is headed by the chief justice and is comprised of the Court of Appeal with 3 justices and the High Court with 16 judges; sittings of the Court of Appeal and High Court rotate among the 9 member states; 2 High Court judges reside in Dominica note - Dominica is a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "ECSC chief justice appointed by Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62", - "subordinate_courts": "Court of Summary Jurisdiction; magistrates' courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Dominica Freedom Party or DFP [Judith PESTAINA]; Dominica Labor Party or DLP [Roosevelt SKERRIT]; Dominica United Workers Party or UWP [Hector JOHN]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Dominica Liberation Movement or DLM (a small leftist party)" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CD, CDB, CELAC, Commonwealth of Nations, ECCU, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OIF, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Hubert J. CHARLES", - "chancery": "3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 364-6781", - "fax": "[1] (202) 364-6791", - "consulates_general": "New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Dominica; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Dominica" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "green, with a centered cross of three equal bands - the vertical part is yellow (hoist side), black, and white and the horizontal part is yellow (top), black, and white; superimposed in the center of the cross is a red disk bearing a Sisserou parrot, unique to Dominica, encircled by 10 green, five-pointed stars edged in yellow; the 10 stars represent the 10 administrative divisions (parishes); green symbolizes the island's lush vegetation; the triple-colored cross represents the Christian Trinity; the yellow color denotes sunshine, the main agricultural products (citrus and bananas), and the native Carib Indians; black is for the rich soil and the African heritage of most citizens; white signifies rivers, waterfalls, and the purity of aspirations; the red disc stands for social justice" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Sisserou parrot" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Isle of Beauty\"", - "lyrics_music": "Wilfred Oscar Morgan POND/Lemuel McPherson CHRISTIAN", - "note": "adopted 1967" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "The Dominican economy has been dependent on agriculture - primarily bananas - in years past, but increasingly has been driven by tourism as the government seeks to promote Dominica as an \"ecotourism\" destination. Moreover, Dominica has successfully developed an offshore medical education sector. In order to diversify the island's economy, the government is also attempting to develop an offshore financial sector and plans to sign agreements with the private sector to develop geothermal energy resources. In 2003, the government began a comprehensive restructuring of the economy - including elimination of price controls, privatization of the state banana company, and tax increases - to address an economic and financial crisis and to meet IMF requirements. Hurricane Dean struck the island in August 2007 causing damages equivalent to 20% of GDP. In 2009, the economy contracted as a result of the global recession and growth remains anemic. Economic growth in 2010-11 was about 1%. Although debt levels in 2012 continued to exceed pre-recession levels, the debt burden notably declined from 80% to approximately 70% of GDP." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$1.018 billion (2012 est.); $1.014 billion (2011 est.); $995.4 million (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$497 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.4% (2012 est.); 1.9% (2011 est.); 0.7% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$14,400 (2012 est.); $14,300 (2011 est.); $14,100 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "9.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 8.5% of GDP (2011 est.); 7.8% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "77.7%", - "government_consumption": "18%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "25.2%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "38.1%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-59% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "13.6%", - "industry": "15%", - "services": "71.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "bananas, citrus, mangos, root crops, coconuts, cocoa", - "note": "forest and fishery potential not exploited" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "soap, coconut oil, tourism, copra, furniture, cement blocks, shoes" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "25,000 (2000 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "40%", - "industry": "32%", - "services": "28% (2002 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "23% (2000 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "29% (2009 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$148.1 million", - "expenditures": "$185.2 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "29.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-7.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "70% of GDP (2012 est.); 78% of GDP (2009 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 July - 30 June" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.3% (2012 est.); 2.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "6.5% (31 December 2010 est.); 6.5% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "9% (31 December 2012 est.); 8.88% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$70.15 million (31 December 2012 est.); $70.29 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$413.7 million (31 December 2012 est.); $383 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$296.3 million (31 December 2012 est.); $280.4 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$117.4 million (2012 est.); -$84.71 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$41 million (2012 est.); $33.04 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "bananas, soap, bay oil, vegetables, grapefruit, oranges" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Japan 38.2%, Antigua and Barbuda 8.4%, Jamaica 7.4%, Guyana 7.1%, Paraguay 6.1%, Trinidad and Tobago 4.6% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$218.6 million (2012 est.); $192.6 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, food, chemicals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Japan 37.5%, US 14.9%, Trinidad and Tobago 14.2%, China 4.9%, Colombia 4% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$85 million (31 December 2012 est.); $81.12 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$276.5 million (31 December 2012 est.); $283.9 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -; 2.7 (2012 est.); 2.7 (2011 est.); 2.7 (2010 est.); 2.7 (2009)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "85.5 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "79.52 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "22,200 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "72.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "27% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "918 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "911.8 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "141,200 Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "15,500 (2010)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "111,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "fully automatic network", - "domestic": "fixed-line connections continued to decline slowly with the two active operators providing about 20 fixed-line connections per 100 persons; subscribership among the three mobile-cellular providers continued to increase with teledensity reaching 150 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 1-767; landing points for the East Caribbean Fiber Optic System (ECFS) and the Global Caribbean Network (GCN) submarine cables providing connectivity to other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; microwave radio relay and SHF radiotelephone links to Martinique and Guadeloupe; VHF and UHF radiotelephone links to Saint Lucia (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "no terrestrial TV service available; subscription cable TV provider offers some locally produced programming plus channels from the US, Latin America, and the Caribbean; state-operated radio broadcasts on 6 stations; privately owned radio broadcasts on about 15 stations (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".dm" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "723 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "28,000 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "2 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "1,512 km", - "paved": "762 km", - "unpaved": "750 km (2010)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "43", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 11, cargo 22, chemical tanker 2, petroleum tanker 4, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 1", - "foreign_owned": "32 (Australia 1, Estonia 6, Germany 5, Greece 4, India 2, Latvia 2, Norway 1, Russia 3, Saudi Arabia 2, Syria 4, Turkey 1, Ukraine 1)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "1 (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Portsmouth, Roseau" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "no regular military forces; Commonwealth of Dominica Police Force (includes Coast Guard) (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "19,075 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "16,035", - "females_age_16_49": "15,499 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "675", - "female": "636 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Dominica is the only Caribbean state to challenge Venezuela's sovereignty claim over Aves Island and joins the other island nations in challenging whether the feature sustains human habitation, a criterion under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which permits Venezuela to extend its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and continental shelf claims over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; minor cannabis producer (2008)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/caribbean/do-dominican-republic.json b/caribbean/do-dominican-republic.json deleted file mode 100644 index 5562aae9..00000000 --- a/caribbean/do-dominican-republic.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,609 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The Taino - indigenous inhabitants of Hispaniola prior to the arrival of the Europeans - divided the island into five chiefdoms and territories. Christopher COLUMBUS explored and claimed the island on his first voyage in 1492; it became a springboard for Spanish conquest of the Caribbean and the American mainland. In 1697, Spain recognized French dominion over the western third of the island, which in 1804 became Haiti. The remainder of the island, by then known as Santo Domingo, sought to gain its own independence in 1821 but was conquered and ruled by the Haitians for 22 years; it finally attained independence as the Dominican Republic in 1844. In 1861, the Dominicans voluntarily returned to the Spanish Empire, but two years later they launched a war that restored independence in 1865. A legacy of unsettled, mostly non-representative rule followed, capped by the dictatorship of Rafael Leonidas TRUJILLO from 1930 to 1961. Juan BOSCH was elected president in 1962 but was deposed in a military coup in 1963. In 1965, the United States led an intervention in the midst of a civil war sparked by an uprising to restore BOSCH. In 1966, Joaquin BALAGUER defeated BOSCH in an election to become president. BALAGUER maintained a tight grip on power for most of the next 30 years when international reaction to flawed elections forced him to curtail his term in 1996. Since then, regular competitive elections have been held in which opposition candidates have won the presidency. Former President Leonel FERNANDEZ Reyna (first term 1996-2000) won election to a new term in 2004 following a constitutional amendment allowing presidents to serve more than one term, and was since reelected to a second consecutive term." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Caribbean, eastern two-thirds of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Haiti" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "19 00 N, 70 40 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" - }, - "area": { - "total": "48,670 sq km", - "land": "48,320 sq km", - "water": "350 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly more than twice the size of New Hampshire" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "360 km", - "border_countries": "Haiti 360 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "1,288 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines", - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "rugged highlands and mountains with fertile valleys interspersed" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Lago Enriquillo -46 m", - "highest_point": "Pico Duarte 3,175 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "nickel, bauxite, gold, silver" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "16.44%", - "permanent_crops": "9.25%", - "other": "74.32% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "3,065 sq km (2009)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "21 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "5.47 cu km/yr (26%/1%/72%)", - "per_capita": "574.2 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding; periodic droughts" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "water shortages; soil eroding into the sea damages coral reefs; deforestation" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Law of the Sea" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "shares island of Hispaniola with Haiti" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Dominican(s)", - "adjective": "Dominican" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "mixed 73%, white 16%, black 11%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Spanish (official)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 95%, other 5%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "10,219,630 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "28.5% (male 1,480,700/female 1,429,848)", - "15_24_years": "18.5% (male 966,822/female 928,758)", - "25_54_years": "39.1% (male 2,043,498/female 1,951,187)", - "55_64_years": "7% (male 360,897/female 356,169)", - "65_years_and_over": "6.9% (male 323,995/female 377,756) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "57.5 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "47.6 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "9.9 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "10.1 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "26.8 years", - "male": "26.6 years", - "female": "26.9 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.28% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "19.21 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "4.46 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-1.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "69% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "SANTO DOMINGO (capital) 2.191 million (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.86 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.03 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "20.3 (2007 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "150 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "20.44 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "22.39 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "18.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "77.62 years", - "male": "75.44 years", - "female": "79.88 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.39 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "72.9% (2007)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "6.2% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.6 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 87% of population; rural: 84% of population; total: 86% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 13% of population; rural: 16% of population; total: 14% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 87% of population; rural: 75% of population; total: 83% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 13% of population; rural: 25% of population; total: 17% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.9% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "57,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "2,300 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_disease": "dengue fever (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "21.2% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "3.4% (2007)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "2.2% of GDP (2007)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "90.1%", - "male": "90%", - "female": "90.2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "12 years", - "male": "12 years", - "female": "13 years (2004)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "180,423", - "percentage": "10 % (2000 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "30.3%", - "male": "21.2%", - "female": "44.5% (2007)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Dominican Republic", - "conventional_short_form": "The Dominican", - "local_long_form": "Republica Dominicana", - "local_short_form": "La Dominicana" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "democratic republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Santo Domingo", - "geographic_coordinates": "18 28 N, 69 54 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "31 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 district* (distrito); Azua, Bahoruco, Barahona, Dajabon, Distrito Nacional*, Duarte, El Seibo, Elias Pina, Espaillat, Hato Mayor, Independencia, La Altagracia, La Romana, La Vega, Maria Trinidad Sanchez, Monsenor Nouel, Monte Cristi, Monte Plata, Pedernales, Peravia, Puerto Plata, Salcedo, Samana, San Cristobal, San Jose de Ocoa, San Juan, San Pedro de Macoris, Sanchez Ramirez, Santiago, Santiago Rodriguez, Santo Domingo, Valverde" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "27 February 1844 (from Haiti)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 27 February (1844)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "28 November 1966; amended 25 July 2002 and January 2010" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system based on the French civil code; Criminal Procedures Code modified in 2004 to include important elements of an accusatory system" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age, universal and compulsory; married persons regardless of age can vote; note - members of the armed forces and national police cannot vote by law" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Danilo MEDINA Sanchez (since 16 August 2012); Vice President Margarita CEDENO DE FERNANDEZ (since 16 August 2012); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Danilo MEDINA Sanchez (since 16 August 2012); Vice President Margarita CEDENO DE FERNANDEZ (since 16 August 2012)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet nominated by the president", - "elections": "president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held on 20 May 2012 (next to be held in 2016)", - "election_results": "Danilo MEDINA Sanchez elected president; percent of vote - Danilo MEDINA Sanchez 51.2%, Hipolito MEJIA 47%, other 1.8%; Margarita CEDENO DE FERNANDEZ elected vice president" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of the Senate or Senado (32 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Camara de Diputados (183 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "Senate - last held on 16 May 2010 (next to be held in May 2016); House of Representatives - last held on 16 May 2010 (next to be held in May 2016); in order to synchronize presidential, legislative, and local elections for 2016, those members elected in 2010 will actually serve six-year terms", - "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PLD 31, PRSC 1; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PLD 105, PRD 75, PRSC 3" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Justice or Suprema Corte de Justicia (consists of a minimum of 16 magistrates); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 13 judges) note - the Constitutional Court was established in 2010 by constitutional amendment", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary comprised of the president, the leaders of both chambers of congress, the president of the Supreme Court, and a non-governing party congressional representative; Supreme Court judges appointed for 7- year terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed for 9-year terms", - "subordinate_courts": "courts of appeal; courts of first instance; justices of the peace; special courts for juvenile, labor, and land cases; Contentious Administrative Court for cases filed against the government" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Dominican Liberation Party or PLD [Leonel FERNANDEZ Reyna]; Dominican Revolutionary Party or PRD [Miguel VARGAS Maldonado]; National Progressive Front [Vinicio CASTILLO, Pelegrin CASTILLO]; Social Christian Reformist Party or PRSC [Carlos MORALES Troncoso]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Citizen Participation Group (Participacion Ciudadania); Collective of Popular Organizations or COP; Foundation for Institution-Building and Justice or FINJUS" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AOSIS, BCIE, Caricom (observer), CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OIF (observer), OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, SICA (associated member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Anibal de Jesus de CASTRO Rodriguez", - "chancery": "1715 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 332-6280", - "fax": "[1] (202) 265-8057", - "consulates_general": "Boston, Chicago, Glendale (CA), Mayaguez (Puerto Rico), Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Juan (Puerto Rico)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Raul H. YZAGUIRRE", - "embassy": "corner of Calle Cesar Nicolas Penson and Calle Leopoldo Navarro, Santo Domingo", - "mailing_address": "Unit 5500, APO AA 34041-5500", - "telephone": "[1] (809) 221-2171", - "fax": "[1] (809) 686-7437" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "a centered white cross that extends to the edges divides the flag into four rectangles - the top ones are blue (hoist side) and red, and the bottom ones are red (hoist side) and blue; a small coat of arms featuring a shield supported by a laurel branch (left) and a palm branch (right) is at the center of the cross; above the shield a blue ribbon displays the motto, DIOS, PATRIA, LIBERTAD (God, Fatherland, Liberty), and below the shield, REPUBLICA DOMINICANA appears on a red ribbon; in the shield a bible is opened to a verse that reads \"Y la verdad nos hara libre\" (And the truth shall set you free); blue stands for liberty, white for salvation, and red for the blood of heroes" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "palmchat (bird)" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Himno Nacional\" (National Anthem)", - "lyrics_music": "Emilio PRUD\"HOMME/Jose REYES", - "note": "adopted 1934; also known as \"Quisqueyanos valientes\" (Valient Sons of Quisqueye); the anthem never refers to the people as Dominican but rather calls them \"Quisqueyanos,\" a reference to the indigenous name of the island" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "The Dominican Republic has long been viewed primarily as an exporter of sugar, coffee, and tobacco, but in recent years the service sector has overtaken agriculture as the economy's largest employer, due to growth in telecommunications, tourism, and free trade zones. The economy is highly dependent upon the US, the destination for more than half of exports. Remittances from the US amount to about one-tenth of GDP, equivalent to almost half of exports and three-quarters of tourism receipts. The country suffers from marked income inequality; the poorest half of the population receives less than one-fifth of GDP, while the richest 10% enjoys nearly 40% of GDP. High unemployment and underemployment remains an important long-term challenge. The Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) came into force in March 2007, boosting investment and exports and reducing losses to the Asian garment industry. The growth of the Dominican Republic's economy rebounded from the global recession in 2010-12 and remains one of the fastest growing in the region although its fiscal situation is weak; the fiscal deficit climbed from 2.6% in 2011 to approximately 8% in 2012. A tax reform package passed in November 2012 aims to narrow this deficit." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$100.4 billion (2012 est.); $96.61 billion (2011 est.); $92.47 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$59 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.9% (2012 est.); 4.5% (2011 est.); 7.8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$9,800 (2012 est.); $9,600 (2011 est.); $9,400 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "84.7%", - "government_consumption": "7.9%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "16.4%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.1%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "25.3%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-34.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "5.8%", - "industry": "29.4%", - "services": "64.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "sugarcane, coffee, cotton, cocoa, tobacco, rice, beans, potatoes, corn, bananas; cattle, pigs, dairy products, beef, eggs" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "tourism, sugar processing, ferronickel and gold mining, textiles, cement, tobacco" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "4.806 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "14.6%", - "industry": "22.3%", - "services": "63.1% (2005)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "14.7% (2012 est.); 14.6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "34.4% (2010 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1.8%", - "highest_10%": "36.4% (2010 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "47.2 (2010 est.); 52 (2000 est.)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$8.224 billion", - "expenditures": "$12.07 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "13.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-6.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "42% of GDP (2012 est.); 38.5% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "3.7% (2012 est.); 8.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "15.48% (31 December 2012 est.); 15.55% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$4.738 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.489 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$17.85 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $16.38 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$23.71 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $21.55 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$4.254 billion (2012 est.); -$4.521 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$9.079 billion (2012 est.); $8.612 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "ferronickel, sugar, gold, silver, coffee, cocoa, tobacco, meats, consumer goods" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 46.1%, Haiti 17.4%, China 4.2% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$17.76 billion (2012 est.); $17.44 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "foodstuffs, petroleum, cotton and fabrics, chemicals and pharmaceuticals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "US 42.5%, Venezuela 7.4%, China 6.2%, Mexico 5.2%, Colombia 4.2% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$3.579 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.117 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$16.33 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $15.39 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$24.89 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $21.28 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$59 million (31 December 2012 est.); $59 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Dominican pesos (DOP) per US dollar -; 39.336 (2012 est.); 38.232 (2011 est.); 37.307 (2010 est.); 36.03 (2009); 34.775 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "12.3 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "9.881 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "2.973 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "83% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "16.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "26,150 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "33,800 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "122,300 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "88,480 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "820 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "820 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "19.6 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "1.044 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "8.77 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "relatively efficient system based on island-wide microwave radio relay network", - "domestic": "fixed-line teledensity is about 10 per 100 persons; multiple providers of mobile-cellular service with a subscribership of nearly 90 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 1-809; landing point for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1), Antillas 1, and the Fibralink submarine cables that provide links to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and US; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "combination of state-owned and privately owned broadcast media; 1 state-owned TV network and a number of private TV networks; networks operate repeaters to extend signals throughout country; combination of state-owned and privately owned radio stations with more than 300 radio stations operating (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".do" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "404,500 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "2.701 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "36 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "16", - "over_3_047_m": "3", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "4", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "4", - "914_to_1_523_m": "4", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "20", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1", - "under_914_m": "18 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 27 km; oil 103 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "142 km", - "standard_gauge": "142 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "19,705 km", - "paved": "9,872 km", - "unpaved": "9,833 km (2002)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Puerto Haina, Puerto Plata, Santo Domingo", - "oil_gas_terminals": "Andres LNG terminal (Boca Chica), Punta Nizao oil terminal" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Army (Ejercito Nacional, EN), Navy (Marina de Guerra, MdG; includes naval infantry), Dominican Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Dominicana, FAD) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "17-21 years of age for voluntary military service; recruits must have completed primary school and be Dominican Republic citizens; women may volunteer (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,580,083", - "females_age_16_49": "2,464,698 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,188,358", - "females_age_16_49": "2,090,180 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "100,047", - "female": "96,302 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.7% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Haitian migrants cross the porous border into the Dominican Republic to find work; illegal migrants from the Dominican Republic cross the Mona Passage each year to Puerto Rico to find better work" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; has become a transshipment point for ecstasy from the Netherlands and Belgium destined for US and Canada; substantial money laundering activity in particular by Colombian narcotics traffickers; significant amphetamine consumption\r\n (2008)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/caribbean/gd-grenada.json b/caribbean/gd-grenada.json deleted file mode 100644 index 56fe6be1..00000000 --- a/caribbean/gd-grenada.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,544 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Carib Indians inhabited Grenada when Christopher COLUMBUS discovered the island in 1498, but it remained uncolonized for more than a century. The French settled Grenada in the 17th century, established sugar estates, and imported large numbers of African slaves. Britain took the island in 1762 and vigorously expanded sugar production. In the 19th century, cacao eventually surpassed sugar as the main export crop; in the 20th century, nutmeg became the leading export. In 1967, Britain gave Grenada autonomy over its internal affairs. Full independence was attained in 1974 making Grenada one of the smallest independent countries in the Western Hemisphere. Grenada was seized by a Marxist military council on 19 October 1983. Six days later the island was invaded by US forces and those of six other Caribbean nations, which quickly captured the ringleaders and their hundreds of Cuban advisers. Free elections were reinstituted the following year and have continued since that time. Hurricane Ivan struck Grenada in September of 2004 causing severe damage." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "12 07 N, 61 40 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" - }, - "area": { - "total": "344 sq km", - "land": "344 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "twice the size of Washington, DC" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "121 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; tempered by northeast trade winds" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "volcanic in origin with central mountains" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Caribbean Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Mount Saint Catherine 840 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "timber, tropical fruit, deepwater harbors" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "8.82%", - "permanent_crops": "20.59%", - "other": "70.59% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "2.19 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "lies on edge of hurricane belt; hurricane season lasts from June to November" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "the administration of the islands of the Grenadines group is divided between Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Grenada" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Grenadian(s)", - "adjective": "Grenadian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "black 82%, mixed black and European 13%, European and East Indian 5%, and trace of Arawak/Carib Amerindian" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "English (official), French patois" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 53%, Anglican 13.8%, other Protestant 33.2%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "109,590 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "24.7% (male 13,962/female 13,101)", - "15_24_years": "17.1% (male 9,310/female 9,474)", - "25_54_years": "40.2% (male 22,624/female 21,421)", - "55_64_years": "8.7% (male 4,935/female 4,642)", - "65_years_and_over": "9.2% (male 4,601/female 5,520) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "51.3 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "40.5 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "10.8 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "9.3 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "29.3 years", - "male": "29.3 years", - "female": "29.3 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.52% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "16.57 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "8.01 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-3.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "39% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "SAINT GEORGE'S (capital) 40,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.1 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.83 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.02 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "24 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "10.81 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "10.05 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "11.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "73.55 years", - "male": "71 years", - "female": "76.35 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.12 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "54.3%", - "note": "percent of women aged 15-44 (1990)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "5.9% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "2.4 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 97% of population; rural: 93% of population; total: 94% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 3% of population; rural: 7% of population; total: 6% of population (2000 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 96% of population; rural: 97% of population; total: 97% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 4% of population; rural: 3% of population; total: 3% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "22.5% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "3.9% of GDP (2003)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "96%", - "male": "NA", - "female": "NA (2003 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "16 years", - "male": "15 years", - "female": "16 years (2009)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "none", - "conventional_short_form": "Grenada" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Saint George's", - "geographic_coordinates": "12 03 N, 61 45 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "6 parishes and 1 dependency*; Carriacou and Petite Martinique*, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "7 February 1974 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 7 February (1974)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "19 December 1973" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "common law based on English model" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Cecile LA GRENADE (since 7 May 2013)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Keith MITCHELL (since 20 February 2013)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister", - "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (13 seats, 10 members appointed by the government and 3 by the leader of the opposition) and the House of Representatives (15 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 19 February 2013 (next to be held in 2018)", - "election_results": "House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NNP 59%, NDC 41%; seats by party - NNP 15" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Grenada (consists of the High Court with 3 justices and a 2-tier Court of Appeal with NA justices) note - the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the itinerant superior court of record for the 9-member Organization of Eastern Caribbean States to include Grenada; the ECSC - with its headquarters on St. Lucia - is headed by the chief justice and is compri", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "justice selection and tenure NA", - "subordinate_courts": "magistrates' courts; Court of Magisterial Appeals" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Grenada United Labor Party or GULP [Wilfred HAYES]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [Tillman THOMAS]; New National Party or NNP [Keith MITCHELL]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Committee for Human Rights in Grenada or CHRG; New Jewel Movement Support Group; The British Grenada Friendship Society; The New Jewel 19 Committee" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, ITUC, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Gillian M.S. BRISTOL", - "chancery": "1701 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 265-2561", - "fax": "[1] (202) 265-2468", - "consulates_general": "New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Grenada", - "embassy": "Lance-aux-Epines Stretch, Saint George's", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 54, Saint George's", - "telephone": "[1] (473) 444-1173 through 1177", - "fax": "[1] (473) 444-4820" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "a rectangle divided diagonally into yellow triangles (top and bottom) and green triangles (hoist side and outer side), with a red border around the flag; there are seven yellow, five-pointed stars with three centered in the top red border, three centered in the bottom red border, and one on a red disk superimposed at the center of the flag; there is also a symbolic nutmeg pod on the hoist-side triangle (Grenada is the world's second-largest producer of nutmeg, after Indonesia); the seven stars stand for the seven administrative divisions, with the central star denoting the capital, St. George; yellow represents the sun and the warmth of the people, green stands for vegetation and agriculture, and red symbolizes harmony, unity, and courage" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Hail Grenada\"", - "lyrics_music": "Irva Merle BAPTISTE/Louis Arnold MASANTO", - "note": "adopted 1974" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Grenada relies on tourism as its main source of foreign exchange especially since the construction of an international airport in 1985. Hurricanes Ivan (2004) and Emily (2005) severely damaged the agricultural sector - particularly nutmeg and cocoa cultivation - which had been a key driver of economic growth. Grenada has rebounded from the devastating effects of the hurricanes but is now saddled with the debt burden from the rebuilding process. Public debt-to-GDP is nearly 110%, leaving the THOMAS administration limited room to engage in public investments and social spending. Strong performances in construction and manufacturing, together with the development of tourism and an offshore financial industry, have also contributed to growth in national output; however, economic growth remained stagnant in 2010-12 after a sizeable contraction in 2009, because of the global economic slowdown's effects on tourism and remittances." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$1.467 billion (2012 est.); $1.478 billion (2011 est.); $1.465 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$790 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.8% (2012 est.); 1% (2011 est.); -0.4% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$13,900 (2012 est.); $14,100 (2011 est.); $14,000 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "85%", - "government_consumption": "16.6%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "21.5%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "22.9%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-46% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "5.4%", - "industry": "16.1%", - "services": "78.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "bananas, cocoa, nutmeg, mace, citrus, avocados, root crops, sugarcane, corn, vegetables" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "food and beverages, textiles, light assembly operations, tourism, construction" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "47,580 (2008)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "11%", - "industry": "20%", - "services": "69% (2008 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "25% (2008); 12.5% (2000)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "38% (2008)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$175.3 million", - "expenditures": "$215.9 million (2009 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "22.2% of GDP (2009 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-5.1% of GDP (2009 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "110% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "3.2% (2012 est.); 3% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "6.5% (31 December 2009); 6.5% (31 December 2008)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "10.4% (31 December 2012 est.); 10.68% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$133.1 million (31 December 2012 est.); $120.2 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$715.6 million (31 December 2012 est.); $687.9 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$793.2 million (31 December 2012 est.); $744.9 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$217.2 million (2011 est.); -$221 million (2010 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$36.36 million (2012 est.); $36.36 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "nutmeg, bananas, cocoa, fruit and vegetables, clothing, mace" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Nigeria 37%, St. Lucia 10.9%, Antigua and Barbuda 7.4%, St. Kitts and Nevis 6.6%, Dominica 6.6%, US 6.1% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$296.3 million (2011 est.); $296.3 million (2010 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "food, manufactured goods, machinery, chemicals, fuel" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Trinidad and Tobago 45.9%, US 15.4%, China 4.3% (2012)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$538 million (2010 est.); $542 million (2009 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -; 2.7 (2012 est.); 2.7 (2011 est.); 2.7 (2010 est.); 2.7 (2009)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "201.4 million kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "177.4 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "33,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "2,803 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "1,976 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "429,300 Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "28,400 (2010)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "121,900 (2010)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "automatic, island-wide telephone system", - "domestic": "interisland VHF and UHF radiotelephone links", - "international": "country code - 1-473; landing point for the East Caribbean Fiber Optic System (ECFS) submarine cable with links to 13 other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; SHF radiotelephone links to Trinidad and Tobago and Saint Vincent; VHF and UHF radio links to Trinidad (2009)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "the Grenada Broadcasting Network, jointly owned by the government and the Caribbean Communications Network of Trinidad and Tobago, operates a TV station and 2 radio stations; multi-channel cable TV subscription service is available; a dozen private radio stations also broadcast (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".gd" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "80 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "25,000 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "3 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "3", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "1,127 km", - "paved": "687 km", - "unpaved": "440 km (2001)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Saint George's" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "no regular military forces; Royal Grenada Police Force (includes Coast Guard) (2010)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "27,468 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "22,596", - "females_age_16_49": "22,588 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "995", - "female": "1,002 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "small-scale cannabis cultivation; lesser transshipment point for marijuana and cocaine to US" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/caribbean/ht-haiti.json b/caribbean/ht-haiti.json deleted file mode 100644 index 86608978..00000000 --- a/caribbean/ht-haiti.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,585 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The native Taino - who inhabited the island of Hispaniola when it was discovered by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1492 - were virtually annihilated by Spanish settlers within 25 years. In the early 17th century, the French established a presence on Hispaniola. In 1697, Spain ceded to the French the western third of the island, which later became Haiti. The French colony, based on forestry and sugar-related industries, became one of the wealthiest in the Caribbean but only through the heavy importation of African slaves and considerable environmental degradation. In the late 18th century, Haiti's nearly half million slaves revolted under Toussaint L'OUVERTURE. After a prolonged struggle, Haiti became the first post-colonial black-led nation in the world, declaring its independence in 1804. Currently the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, Haiti has experienced political instability for most of its history. After an armed rebellion led to the forced resignation and exile of President Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE in February 2004, an interim government took office to organize new elections under the auspices of the United Nations. Continued instability and technical delays prompted repeated postponements, but Haiti inaugurated a democratically elected president and parliament in May of 2006. This was followed by contested elections in 2010 that resulted in the election of Haiti's current President, Michel MARTELLY. A massive magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck Haiti in January 2010 with an epicenter about 25 km (15 mi) west of the capital, Port-au-Prince. Estimates are that over 300,000 people were killed and some 1.5 million left homeless. The earthquake was assessed as the worst in this region over the last 200 years." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Caribbean, western one-third of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of the Dominican Republic" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "19 00 N, 72 25 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" - }, - "area": { - "total": "27,750 sq km", - "land": "27,560 sq km", - "water": "190 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Maryland" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "360 km", - "border_countries": "Dominican Republic 360 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "1,771 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "to depth of exploitation" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly rough and mountainous" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Caribbean Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Chaine de la Selle 2,680 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "36.04%", - "permanent_crops": "10.09%", - "other": "53.87% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "970 sq km (2009)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "14.03 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "1.2 cu km/yr (17%/3%/80%)", - "per_capita": "134.3 cu m/yr (2009)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "extensive deforestation (much of the remaining forested land is being cleared for agriculture and used as fuel); soil erosion; inadequate supplies of potable water" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Hazardous Wastes" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "shares island of Hispaniola with Dominican Republic (western one-third is Haiti, eastern two-thirds is the Dominican Republic)" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Haitian(s)", - "adjective": "Haitian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "black 95%, mulatto and white 5%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "French (official), Creole (official)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 16% (Baptist 10%, Pentecostal 4%, Adventist 1%, other 1%), none 1%, other 3%", - "note": "roughly half of the population practices voodoo" - }, - "population": { - "text": "9,893,934 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "34.6% (male 1,716,917/female 1,708,978)", - "15_24_years": "21.5% (male 1,064,069/female 1,066,614)", - "25_54_years": "34.8% (male 1,713,478/female 1,729,432)", - "55_64_years": "5% (male 235,278/female 258,330)", - "65_years_and_over": "4.1% (male 178,842/female 221,996) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "65.2 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "57.8 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "7.5 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "13.4 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "21.9 years", - "male": "21.6 years", - "female": "22.1 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.99%", - "note": "the preliminary 2011 numbers differ significantly from those of 2010, which were strongly influenced by the demographic effect of the January 2010 earthquake; the latest figures more closely correspond to those of 2009 (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "23.35 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "8 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-5.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "52% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "3.9% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "PORT-AU-PRINCE (capital) 2.143 million (2010)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.91 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.8 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "22.2 (2006 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "350 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "50.92 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "54.85 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "46.94 deaths/1,000 live births", - "note": "the preliminary 2011 numbers differ significantly from those of 2010, which were strongly influenced by the demographic effect of the January 2010 earthquake; the latest figures more closely correspond to those of 2009 (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "62.85 years", - "male": "61.46 years", - "female": "64.25 years", - "note": "the preliminary 2011 numbers differ significantly from those of 2010, which were strongly influenced by the demographic effect of the January 2010 earthquake; the latest figures more closely correspond to those of 2009 (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.88 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "34.5% (2012)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "6.9% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.25 physicians/1,000 population (1998)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.3 beds/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 85% of population; rural: 51% of population; total: 69% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 15% of population; rural: 49% of population; total: 31% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 24% of population; rural: 10% of population; total: 17% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 76% of population; rural: 90% of population; total: 83% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "1.9% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "120,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "7,100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever and malaria (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "7.9% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "18.9% (2006)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "48.7%", - "male": "53.4%", - "female": "44.6% (2006 est.)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "2,587,205", - "percentage": "21 % (2006 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Haiti", - "conventional_short_form": "Haiti", - "local_long_form": "Republique d'Haiti/Repiblik d' Ayiti", - "local_short_form": "Haiti/Ayiti" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Port-au-Prince", - "geographic_coordinates": "18 32 N, 72 20 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "10 departments (departements, singular - departement); Artibonite, Centre, Grand'Anse, Nippes, Nord, Nord-Est, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Est" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "1 January 1804 (from France)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 1 January (1804)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "approved March 1987; this is Haiti's 23rd constitution" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system strongly influenced by Napoleonic Code" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Michel MARTELLY (since 14 May 2011)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Laurent LAMOTHE (since 16 May 2012)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (may not serve consecutive terms); election last held on 28 November 2010; runoff on 20 March 2011 (next to be held in 2015); prime minister appointed by the president, ratified by the National Assembly", - "election_results": "Michel MARTELLY won the runoff election held on 20 March 2011 with 67.6% of the vote against 31.7% for Mirlande MANIGAT" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale consists of the Senate (30 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms; one-third elected every two years) and the Chamber of Deputies (99 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms);", - "elections": "Senate - last held on 28 November 2010 with run-off elections on 20 March 2011 (next regular election, for one third of seats, scheduled for 2012 but delayed); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 28 November 2010 with run-off elections on 20 March 2011 (next regular election to be held in 2014)", - "election_results": "2010 Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Inite 6, ALTENATIV 4, LAVNI 1; 2010 Chamber of Deputies- percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Inite 32, Altenativ 11, Ansanm Nou Fo 10, AAA 8, LAVNI 7, RASANBLE 4, KONBIT 3, MOCHRENA 3, Platforme Liberation 3, PONT 3, Repons Peyizan 3, Independent 2, MAS 2, MODELH-PRDH 1, PLAPH 1, RESPE 1, Veye Yo 1, vacant 4" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Cour de Cassation (consists of a chief judge and other judges) note - Haiti is a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges appointed by the president from candidate lists submitted by the Senate of the National Assembly; note - Article 174 of the Haiti Constitution states \"Judges of the Supreme Court.... are appointed for 10 years.\" whereas Article 177 states \"Judges of the Supreme Court..... are appointed for life.\"", - "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal; Courts of First Instance; magistrates' courts; special courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Assembly of Progressive National Democrats or RDNP [Mirlande MANIGAT]; Christian and Citizen For Haiti's Reconstruction or ACCRHA [Chavannes JEUNE]; Convention for Democratic Unity or KID [Evans PAUL]; Cooperative Action to Rebuild Haiti or KONBA [Jean William JEANTY]; December 16 Platform or Platfom 16 Desanm [Dr. Gerard BLOT]; Democratic Alliance or ALYANS [Evans PAUL] (coalition composed of KID and PPRH); Democratic Centers's National Council or CONACED [Osner FEVRY]; Democratic Movement for the Liberation of Haiti-Revolutionary Party of Haiti or MODELH-PRDH; Effort and Solidarity to Create an Alternative for the People or ESKAMP [Joseph JASME]; Fanmi Lavalas or FL [Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE]; For Us All or PONT [Jean-Marie CHERESTAL]; Grouping of Citizens for Hope or RESPE [Charles-Henri BAKER]; Haiti in Action or AAA [Youri LATORTUE]; Haitians for Haiti [Yvon NEPTUNE]; Independent Movement for National Reconstruction or MIRN [Luc FLEURINORD]; Konbit Pou refe Ayiti or KONBIT; Lavni Organization or LAVNI [Yves CRISTALIN]; Liberal Party of Haiti or PLH [Jean Andre VICTOR]; Liberation Platform or PLATFORME LIBERATION; Love Haiti or Renmen Ayiti [Jean-Henry CEANT and Camille LEBLANC]; Merging of Haitian Social Democratics or FUSION [Edmonde Supplice BEAUZILE] (coalition of Ayiti Capable, Haitian National Revolutionary Party, and National Congress of Democratic Movements); Mobilization for National Development or MDN [Hubert de RONCERAY]; National Front for the Reconstruction of Haiti or FRN [Guy PHILIPPE]; New Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU]; Peasant's Response or Repons Peyizan [Michel MARTELLY]; Platform Alternative for Progress and Democracy or ALTENATIV [Victor BENOIT and Evans PAUL]; Platform of Haitian Patriots or PLAPH [Dejean BELISAIRE and Himmler REBU]; Popular Party for the Renewal of Haiti or PPRH [Claude ROMAIN]; Rally or RASAMBLE; Respect or RESPE; Socialist Action Movement or MAS; Strength in Unity or Ansanm Nou Fo [Leslie VOLTAIRE]; Struggling People's Organization or OPL [Sauveur PIERRE-ETIENNE]; Union [Chavannes JEUNE]; Union of Haitian Citizens for Democracy, Development, and Education or UCADDE [Jeantel JOSEPH]; Union of Nationalist and Progressive Haitians or UNPH [Edouard FRANCISQUE]; Unity or Inite [Levaillant LOUIS-JEUNE] (coalition that includes Front for Hope or L'ESPWA); Vigilance or Veye Yo [Lavarice GAUDIN]; Youth for People's Power or JPP [Rene CIVIL]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Autonomous Organizations of Haitian Workers or CATH [Fignole ST-CYR]; Confederation of Haitian Workers or CTH; Economic Forum of the Private Sector or EF [Reginald BOULOS]; Federation of Workers Trade Unions or FOS; General Organization of Independent Haitian Workers [Patrick NUMAS]; Grand-Anse Resistance Committee, or KOREGA; The Haitian Association of Industries or ADIH [Georges SASSINE]; National Popular Assembly or APN; Papaye Peasants Movement or MPP [Chavannes JEAN-BAPTISTE]; Popular Organizations Gathering Power or PROP; Protestant Federation of Haiti; Roman Catholic Church" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AOSIS, Caricom, CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OIF, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Paul Getty ALTIDOR", - "chancery": "2311 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 332-4090", - "fax": "[1] (202) 745-7215", - "consulates_general": "Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Miami, New York, San Juan (Puerto Rico)", - "consulates": "Orlando (FL)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Pamela A. WHITE", - "embassy": "Tabarre 41, Route de Tabarre, Port-au-Prince", - "mailing_address": "(in Haiti) P.O. Box 1634, Port-au-Prince, Haiti; (from abroad) 3400 Port-au-Prince, State Department, Washington, DC 20521-3400", - "telephone": "[509] 2229-8000", - "fax": "[509] 229-8028" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a centered white rectangle bearing the coat of arms, which contains a palm tree flanked by flags and two cannons above a scroll bearing the motto L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE (Union Makes Strength); the colors are taken from the French Tricolor and represent the union of blacks and mulattoes" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Hispaniolan trogon (bird)" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"La Dessalinienne\" (The Dessalines Song)", - "lyrics_music": "Justin LHERISSON/Nicolas GEFFRARD", - "note": "adopted 1904; the anthem is named for Jean-Jacques DESSALINES, a leader in the Haitian Revolution and first ruler of an independent Haiti" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Haiti is a free market economy that enjoys the advantages of low labor costs and tariff-free access to the US for many of its exports. Poverty, corruption, vulnerability to natural disasters, and low levels of education for much of the population are among Haiti's most serious impediments to economic growth. Haiti's economy suffered a severe setback in January 2010 when a 7.0 magnitude earthquake destroyed much of its capital city, Port-au-Prince, and neighboring areas. Currently the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere with 80% of the population living under the poverty line and 54% in abject poverty, the earthquake further inflicted $7.8 billion in damage and caused the country's GDP to contract 5.4% in 2010. In 2011, the Haitian economy had begun recovering slowly from the effects of the earthquake. However, two hurricanes adversely affected agricultural output and the slow public capital spending negatively affected the economic recovery in 2012. GDP growth for 2012 was 2.8%, down from 5.6% in 2011. Two-fifths of all Haitians depend on the agricultural sector, mainly small-scale subsistence farming, and remain vulnerable to damage from frequent natural disasters, exacerbated by the country's widespread deforestation. US economic engagement under the Caribbean Basin Trade Preference Agreement (CBTPA) and the 2008 Haitian Hemispheric Opportunity through Partnership Encouragement (HOPE II) Act helped increase apparel exports and investment by providing duty-free access to the US. Congress voted in 2010 to extend the CBTPA and HOPE II until 2020 under the Haiti Economic Lift Program (HELP) Act; the apparel sector accounts for about 90% of Haitian exports and nearly one-twentieth of GDP. Remittances are the primary source of foreign exchange, equaling 20% of GDP and representing more than five times the earnings from exports in 2012. Haiti suffers from a lack of investment, partly because of weak infrastructure such as access to electricity. In 2005, Haiti paid its arrears to the World Bank, paving the way for reengagement with the Bank. Haiti received debt forgiveness for over $1 billion through the Highly-Indebted Poor Country initiative in mid-2009. The remainder of its outstanding external debt was cancelled by donor countries following the 2010 earthquake, but has since risen to nearly $1 billion. The government relies on formal international economic assistance for fiscal sustainability, with over half of its annual budget coming from outside sources. The MARTELLY administration in 2011 launched a campaign aimed at drawing foreign investment into Haiti as a means for sustainable development. To that end, the MARTELLY government in 2012 created a Commission for Commercial Code Reform, effected reforms to the justice sector, and inaugurated the Caracol industrial park in Haiti's north coast." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$13.15 billion (2012 est.); $12.79 billion (2011 est.); $12.12 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$7.902 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.8% (2012 est.); 5.6% (2011 est.); -5.4% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$1,300 (2012 est.); $1,300 (2011 est.); $1,200 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "24.7%", - "industry": "19.4%", - "services": "55.9% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "coffee, mangoes, cocoa, sugarcane, rice, corn, sorghum; wood, vetiver" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "textiles, sugar refining, flour milling, cement, light assembly based on imported parts" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "6.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "4.81 million", - "note": "shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (2010 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "38.1%", - "industry": "11.5%", - "services": "50.4% (2010)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "40.6% (2010 est.)", - "note": "widespread unemployment and underemployment; more than two-thirds of the labor force do not have formal jobs" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "80% (2003 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "0.7%", - "highest_10%": "47.7% (2001)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "59.2 (2001)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$1.812 billion", - "expenditures": "$2.279 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "22.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-5.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 October - 30 September" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "6.3% (2012 est.); 8.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "9.6% (31 December 2012 est.); 11.61% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$1.107 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.003 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$3.509 billion (31 October 2012 est.); $3.43 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$1.515 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.268 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$1.509 billion (2012 est.); -$1.728 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$785 million (2012 est.); $767.5 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "apparel, manufactures, oils, cocoa, mangoes, coffee" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 81.5% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$2.64 billion (2012 est.); $2.962 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "food, manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, raw materials" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Dominican Republic 35.9%, US 24.7%, Netherlands Antilles 9.8%, China 6.6% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$1.287 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.197 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$958.2 million (31 December 2012 est.); $782.9 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$783.3 million (31 December 2012 est.); $603.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "gourdes (HTG) per US dollar -; 41.95 (2012 est.); 40.52 (2011 est.); 39.8 (2010 est.); 42.02 (2009); 39.216 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "726 million kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "208.5 million kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "130,000 kW (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "79% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "21% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "14,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "15,130 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "1.457 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "50,000 (2010)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "4.2 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "telecommunications infrastructure is among the least developed in Latin America and the Caribbean; domestic facilities barely adequate; international facilities slightly better", - "domestic": "mobile-cellular telephone services are expanding rapidly due, in part, to the introduction of low-cost GSM phones; mobile-cellular teledensity exceeds 40 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 509; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "several TV stations, including 1 government-owned; cable TV subscription service available; government-owned radio network; more than 250 private and community radio stations with about 50 FM stations in Port-au-Prince alone (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ht" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "555 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "1 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "14 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "4", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "10", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2", - "under_914_m": "8 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "4,266 km", - "paved": "768 km", - "unpaved": "3,498 km (2009)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Cap-Haitien, Gonaives, Jacmel, Port-au-Prince" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "no regular military forces - small Coast Guard; a Ministry of National Defense established May 2012; the regular Haitian Armed Forces (FAdH) - Army, Navy, and Air Force - have been demobilized but still exist on paper until or unless they are constitutionally abolished (2011)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,398,804", - "females_age_16_49": "2,415,039 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,666,324", - "females_age_16_49": "1,704,364 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "115,246", - "female": "115,282 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.4% of GDP (2006)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "since 2004, peacekeepers from the UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti have assisted in maintaining civil order in Haiti; the mission currently includes 6,685 military, 2,607 police, and 443 civilian personnel; despite efforts to control illegal migration, Haitians cross into the Dominican Republic and sail to neighboring countries; Haiti claims US-administered Navassa Island" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "idps": "357,785 (includes only IDPs from the 2010 earthquake living in camps or camp-like situations; information is lacking about IDPs living outside camps or who have left camps) (2012)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Haiti is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; many of Haiti's trafficking cases involve children recruited to live with families in other towns in the hope of going to school but who instead become forced domestic servants known as restaveks; restaveks are vulnerable to abuse and make up a large proportion of Haiti's population of street children, who are forced into prostitution, begging, and street crime by violent gangs; Haitians are exploited in forced labor in the Dominican Republic, elsewhere in the Caribbean, and the US, and some Dominican women are forced into prostitution in Haiti; women and children living in camps for internally displaced people are at increased risk of sex trafficking and forced labor", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Haiti does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government has made no discernible progress in prosecuting trafficking offenders largely because Haiti does not have a law specifically prohibiting human trafficking; the government does not provide direct or specialized services for trafficking victims and refers suspected victims to donor-funded NGOs, which provide shelter, food, medical, and psychosocial support; no proactive identification or assistance for adult victims was reported; an inter-ministerial working-group on human trafficking and a national commission for the elimination of the worst forms of child labor hae been created (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "Caribbean transshipment point for cocaine en route to the US and Europe; substantial bulk cash smuggling activity; Colombian narcotics traffickers favor Haiti for illicit financial transactions; pervasive corruption; significant consumer of cannabis" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/caribbean/jm-jamaica.json b/caribbean/jm-jamaica.json deleted file mode 100644 index 3a8465b1..00000000 --- a/caribbean/jm-jamaica.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,592 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The island - discovered by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1494 - was settled by the Spanish early in the 16th century. The native Taino, who had inhabited Jamaica for centuries, were gradually exterminated and replaced by African slaves. England seized the island in 1655 and established a plantation economy based on sugar, cocoa, and coffee. The abolition of slavery in 1834 freed a quarter million slaves, many of whom became small farmers. Jamaica gradually increased its independence from Britain. In 1958 it joined other British Caribbean colonies in forming the Federation of the West Indies. Jamaica gained full independence when it withdrew from the Federation in 1962. Deteriorating economic conditions during the 1970s led to recurrent violence as rival gangs affiliated with the major political parties evolved into powerful organized crime networks involved in international drug smuggling and money laundering. Violent crime, drug trafficking, and poverty pose significant challenges to the government today. Nonetheless, many rural and resort areas remain relatively safe and contribute substantially to the economy." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, south of Cuba" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "18 15 N, 77 30 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" - }, - "area": { - "total": "10,991 sq km", - "land": "10,831 sq km", - "water": "160 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Connecticut" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "1,022 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines", - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to edge of the continental margin" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; hot, humid; temperate interior" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly mountains, with narrow, discontinuous coastal plain" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Caribbean Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Blue Mountain Peak 2,256 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "bauxite, gypsum, limestone" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "10.92%", - "permanent_crops": "9.1%", - "other": "79.98% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "252.2 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "9.4 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.93 cu km/yr (32%/16%/52%)", - "per_capita": "369.9 cu m/yr (2009)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "hurricanes (especially July to November)" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "heavy rates of deforestation; coastal waters polluted by industrial waste, sewage, and oil spills; damage to coral reefs; air pollution in Kingston from vehicle emissions" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location between Cayman Trench and Jamaica Channel, the main sea lanes for the Panama Canal" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Jamaican(s)", - "adjective": "Jamaican" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "black 91.2%, mixed 6.2%, other or unknown 2.6% (2001 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "English, English patois" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Protestant 62.5% (Seventh-Day Adventist 10.8%, Pentecostal 9.5%, Other Church of God 8.3%, Baptist 7.2%, New Testament Church of God 6.3%, Church of God in Jamaica 4.8%, Church of God of Prophecy 4.3%, Anglican 3.6%, other Christian 7.7%), Roman Catholic 2.6%, other or unspecified 14.2%, none 20.9% (2001 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "2,909,714 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "29% (male 428,643/female 414,348)", - "15_24_years": "21.8% (male 318,132/female 315,945)", - "25_54_years": "36% (male 514,172/female 532,094)", - "55_64_years": "5.5% (male 78,510/female 82,565)", - "65_years_and_over": "7.7% (male 100,820/female 124,485) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "54 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "41.8 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "12.2 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "8.2 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "24.6 years", - "male": "24.1 years", - "female": "25.2 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.7% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "18.65 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "6.63 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-4.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "52% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "KINGSTON (capital) 580,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.96 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.95 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.81 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "21.2", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2008 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "110 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "13.98 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "14.55 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "13.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "73.44 years", - "male": "71.81 years", - "female": "75.15 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.09 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "69% (2002/03)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "4.8% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.85 physicians/1,000 population (2003)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.9 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 88% of population; total: 93% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 12% of population; total: 7% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 78% of population; rural: 82% of population; total: 80% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 22% of population; rural: 18% of population; total: 20% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "1.7% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "32,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "1,200 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "24.1% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "1.9% (2007)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "6.4% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over has ever attended school", - "total_population": "87%", - "male": "82.1%", - "female": "91.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "12.9 years (2010)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "38,516", - "percentage": "6 % (2005 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "30.1%", - "male": "23.9%", - "female": "37.9% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "none", - "conventional_short_form": "Jamaica" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "constitutional parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Kingston", - "geographic_coordinates": "18 00 N, 76 48 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "14 parishes; Clarendon, Hanover, Kingston, Manchester, Portland, Saint Andrew, Saint Ann, Saint Catherine, Saint Elizabeth, Saint James, Saint Mary, Saint Thomas, Trelawny, Westmoreland", - "note": "for local government purposes, Kingston and Saint Andrew were amalgamated in 1923 into the present single corporate body known as the Kingston and Saint Andrew Corporation" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "6 August 1962 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 6 August (1962)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "6 August 1962" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "common law system based on the English model" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Dr. Patrick L. ALLEN (since 26 February 2009)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Portia SIMPSON-MILLER (since 5 January 2012)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet is appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister", - "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Representatives is appointed prime minister by the governor general" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (a 21-member body appointed by the governor general on the recommendations of the prime minister and the leader of the opposition; ruling party is allocated 13 seats, and the opposition is allocated 8 seats) and the House of Representatives (63 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 29 December 2011 (next to be held no later than December 2016)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - PNP 53.3%, JLP 46.6%; seats by party - PNP 41, JLP 22" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Court of Appeal (consists of president of the court and a minimum of 4 judges; Supreme Court (40 judges organized in specialized divisions) note - appeals beyond Jamicia's highest courts are submitted to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) rather than to the Caribbean Court of Justice (the appellate court implemented for member states of the Caribbean Community)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "chief justice of the Supreme Court and president of the Court of Appeal appointed by the governor-general on the advice of the prime minister; other judges of both courts appointed by the governor-general on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission; judges of both courts serve till age 70", - "subordinate_courts": "resident magistrate courts, district courts, and petty sessions courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Jamaica Labor Party or JLP [Andrew HOLNESS]; People's National Party or PNP [Portia SIMPSON-MILLER]; National Democratic Movement or NDM [Michael WILLIAMS]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "New Beginnings Movement or NBM; Rastafarians (black religious/racial cultists, pan-Africanists)" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-15, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Stephen VASCIANNIE", - "chancery": "1520 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 452-0660", - "fax": "[1] (202) 452-0081", - "consulates_general": "Miami, New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Pamela E. BRIDGEWATER", - "embassy": "142 Old Hope Road, Kingston 6", - "mailing_address": "P.O. Box 541, Kingston 5", - "telephone": "[1] (876) 702-6000", - "fax": "[1] (876) 702-6001" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "diagonal yellow cross divides the flag into four triangles - green (top and bottom) and black (hoist side and outer side); green represents hope, vegetation, and agriculture, black reflects hardships overcome and to be faced, and yellow recalls golden sunshine and the island's natural resources" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "green-and-black streamertail (bird)" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Jamaica, Land We Love\"", - "lyrics_music": "Hugh Braham SHERLOCK/Robert Charles LIGHTBOURNE", - "note": "adopted 1962" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "The Jamaican economy is heavily dependent on services, which accounted for more than 60% of GDP at the end of 2011. The country continues to derive most of its foreign exchange from tourism, remittances, and bauxite/alumina. Remittances account for nearly 15% of GDP and exports of bauxite and alumina make up roughly 5%. The bauxite/alumina sector was most affected by the global downturn while the tourism industry was resilient. Tourism revenues account for roughly 5% of GDP in 2011. Jamaica's economy faces many challenges to growth: high crime and corruption, large-scale unemployment and underemployment, and a debt-to-GDP ratio of nearly 130%. Jamaica's onerous public debt burden is the result of government bailouts to ailing sectors of the economy, most notably to the financial sector. In early 2010, the Jamaican Government created the Jamaica Debt Exchange in order to retire high-priced domestic bonds and significantly reduce annual debt servicing. Despite the improvement, debt servicing costs still hinder the government''s ability to spend on infrastructure and social programs, particularly as job losses rise in a shrinking economy. Jamaica was hard hit by the effects of the global economic crisis, experiencing economic contractions from 2008-10 and growth remains low. The SIMPSON-MILLER administration faces the difficult prospect of having to achieve fiscal discipline in order to maintain debt payments, while simultaneously attacking a serious crime problem that is hampering economic growth. High unemployment exacerbates the crime problem, including gang violence that is fueled by the drug trade. As of late 2012, the SIMPSON-MILLER government was working to negotiate a new IMF Stand-by agreement to gain access to additional funds." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$25.62 billion (2012 est.); $25.6 billion (2011 est.); $25.22 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$15.25 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2012 est.); 1.5% (2011 est.); -1.4% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$9,300 (2012 est.); $9,300 (2011 est.); $9,200 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "8.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 7% of GDP (2011 est.); 13.1% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "86.2%", - "government_consumption": "15.9%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "20.7%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.5%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "33.3%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-56.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "6.4%", - "industry": "29.1%", - "services": "64.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "sugarcane, bananas, coffee, citrus, yams, ackees, vegetables; poultry, goats, milk; shellfish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "tourism, bauxite/alumina, agro-processing, light manufactures, rum, cement, metal, paper, chemical products, telecommunications" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-2.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "1.255 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "17%", - "industry": "19%", - "services": "64% (2006)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "14.3% (2012 est.); 14.1% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "16.5% (2009 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.1%", - "highest_10%": "35.8% (2004)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "45.5 (2004); 37.9 (2000)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$3.884 billion", - "expenditures": "$4.499 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "25.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "134.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 131.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 April - 31 March" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "6.9% (2012 est.); 7.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "2% (31 December 2010 est.); NA% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "17.63% (31 December 2012 est.); 19.51% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$1.723 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.962 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$7.309 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $7.012 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$7.351 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $7.131 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$7.223 billion (31 December 2011); $6.626 billion (31 December 2010); $6.201 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$1.523 billion (2012 est.); -$1.723 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$1.747 billion (2012 est.); $1.666 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "alumina, bauxite, sugar, rum, coffee, yams, beverages, chemicals, wearing apparel, mineral fuels" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 38.7%, Russia 8.1%, Canada 7.8%, Slovenia 5.6% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$5.905 billion (2012 est.); $5.881 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "food and other consumer goods, industrial supplies, fuel, parts and accessories of capital goods, machinery and transport equipment, construction materials" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "US 30.1%, Venezuela 14.8%, Trinidad and Tobago 14.4%, China 11.9% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$1.981 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.282 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$14 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $14.35 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Jamaican dollars (JMD) per US dollar -; 88.751 (2012 est.); 85.893 (2011 est.); 87.196 (2010 est.); 87.89 (2009); 72.236 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "5.208 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "4.801 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "1.198 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "93.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "1.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "4.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "23,780 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "22,790 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "78,520 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "9,145 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "68,410 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "9.217 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "272,100 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "2.975 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "fully automatic domestic telephone network", - "domestic": "the 1999 agreement to open the market for telecommunications services resulted in rapid growth in mobile-cellular telephone usage while the number of fixed-lines in use has declined; combined mobile-cellular teledensity exceeded 110 per 100 persons in 2011", - "international": "country code - 1-876; the Fibralink submarine cable network provides enhanced delivery of business and broadband traffic and is linked to the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) submarine cable in the Dominican Republic; the link to ARCOS-1 provides seamless connectivity to US, parts of the Caribbean, Central America, and South America; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "privately owned Radio Jamaica Limited and its subsidiaries operate multiple TV stations, subscription cable services, and radio stations; 2 other privately owned television stations; roughly 70 radio stations (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".jm" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "3,906 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "1.581 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "28 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "11", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", - "914_to_1_523_m": "4", - "under_914_m": "5 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "17", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1", - "under_914_m": "16 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "22,121 km (includes 44 km of expressways) (2005)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "14", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 4, cargo 5, container 4, roll on/roll off 1", - "foreign_owned": "14 (Denmark 1, Germany 10, Greece 3) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Discovery Bay (Port Rhoades), Kingston, Montego Bay, Port Antonio, Port Esquivel, Port Kaiser, Rocky Point" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Jamaica Defense Force: Ground Forces, Coast Guard, Air Wing (2010)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "17 1/2 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "726,263", - "females_age_16_49": "742,958 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "590,673", - "females_age_16_49": "596,414 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "33,369", - "female": "32,702 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.9% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transshipment point for cocaine from South America to North America and Europe; illicit cultivation and consumption of cannabis; government has an active manual cannabis eradication program; corruption is a major concern; substantial money-laundering activity; Colombian narcotics traffickers favor Jamaica for illicit financial transactions" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/caribbean/kn-saint-kitts-n-nevis.json b/caribbean/kn-saint-kitts-n-nevis.json deleted file mode 100644 index 2806dfc3..00000000 --- a/caribbean/kn-saint-kitts-n-nevis.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,543 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Carib Indians occupied the islands of the West Indies for hundreds of years before the British began settlement in 1623. In 1967, the island territory of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla became an associated state of the UK with full internal autonomy. The island of Anguilla rebelled and was allowed to secede in 1971. The remaining islands achieved independence in 1983 as Saint Kitts and Nevis. In 1998, a vote in Nevis on a referendum to separate from Saint Kitts fell short of the two-thirds majority needed. Nevis continues in its efforts to separate from Saint Kitts." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Caribbean, islands in the Caribbean Sea, about one-third of the way from Puerto Rico to Trinidad and Tobago" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "17 20 N, 62 45 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" - }, - "area": { - "total": "261 sq km (Saint Kitts 168 sq km; Nevis 93 sq km)", - "land": "261 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "one and a half times the size of Washington, DC" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "135 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical, tempered by constant sea breezes; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "volcanic with mountainous interiors" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Caribbean Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Mount Liamuiga 1,156 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "arable land" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "19.23%", - "permanent_crops": "0.38%", - "other": "80.38% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "0.18 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "0.02 cu km (2011)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "hurricanes (July to October)" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "with coastlines in the shape of a baseball bat and ball, the two volcanic islands are separated by a 3-km-wide channel called The Narrows; on the southern tip of long, baseball bat-shaped Saint Kitts lies the Great Salt Pond; Nevis Peak sits in the center of its almost circular namesake island and its ball shape complements that of its sister island" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Kittitian(s), Nevisian(s)", - "adjective": "Kittitian, Nevisian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "predominantly black; some British, Portuguese, and Lebanese" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "English (official)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Anglican, other Protestant, Roman Catholic" - }, - "population": { - "text": "51,134 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "21.9% (male 5,596/female 5,589)", - "15_24_years": "15.6% (male 3,940/female 4,042)", - "25_54_years": "45.2% (male 11,782/female 11,353)", - "55_64_years": "9.5% (male 2,464/female 2,401)", - "65_years_and_over": "7.8% (male 1,771/female 2,196) (2013 est.)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "33 years", - "male": "33.1 years", - "female": "32.9 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.8% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "13.79 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "7.06 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "1.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "32% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.8% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "BASSETERRE (capital) 13,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.8 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "9.2 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "6.2 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "12.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "75.07 years", - "male": "72.67 years", - "female": "77.5 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.78 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "6.7% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.1 physicians/1,000 population (2000)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "4.8 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 99% of population; total: 99% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 1% of population; total: 1% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 96% of population; rural: 96% of population; total: 96% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 4% of population; rural: 4% of population; total: 4% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "40.7% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "4.2% of GDP (2007)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over has ever attended school", - "total_population": "97.8%", - "male": "NA", - "female": "NA (2003 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "13 years", - "male": "12 years", - "female": "13 years (2008)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis", - "conventional_short_form": "Saint Kitts and Nevis", - "former": "Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Basseterre", - "geographic_coordinates": "17 18 N, 62 43 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "14 parishes; Christ Church Nichola Town, Saint Anne Sandy Point, Saint George Basseterre, Saint George Gingerland, Saint James Windward, Saint John Capesterre, Saint John Figtree, Saint Mary Cayon, Saint Paul Capesterre, Saint Paul Charlestown, Saint Peter Basseterre, Saint Thomas Lowland, Saint Thomas Middle Island, Trinity Palmetto Point" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "19 September 1983 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 19 September (1983)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "19 September 1983" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "English common law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Sir Edmund LAWRENCE (since 2 January 2013)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Dr. Denzil DOUGLAS (since 6 July 1995); Deputy Prime Minister Sam CONDOR (since 6 July 1995)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the governor general in consultation with the prime minister", - "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; the governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly (14 seats, 3 appointed and 11 popularly elected from single-member constituencies; members serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 25 January 2010 (next to be held by 2015)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - SKNLP 6, CCM 2, PAM 2, NRP 1" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the itinerant superior court of record for the 9-member Organization of Eastern Caribbean States which includes Saint Kitts and Nevis; the ECSC - with its headquarters on St. Lucia - is headed by the chief justice and comprised of the Court of Appeal with 3 justices and the High Court with 16 judges; sittings of the Court of Appeal and High Court rotate among the member states; 2 High Court judges reside on Saint Kitts and Nevis note - the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court in 2003 replaced the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) as the final court of appeal on Saint Kitts and Nevis; Saint Kitts and Nevis is also a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court chief justice appointed by Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62", - "subordinate_courts": "magistrates' courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Concerned Citizens Movement or CCM [Vance AMORY]; Nevis Reformation Party or NRP [Joseph PARRY]; People's Action Movement or PAM [Shawn RICHARDS]; Saint Kitts and Nevis Labor Party or SKNLP [Dr. Denzil DOUGLAS]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Jacinth HENRY-MARTIN", - "chancery": "3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 686-2636", - "fax": "[1] (202) 686-5740", - "consulates_general": "Los Angeles, New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Saint Kitts and Nevis; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Saint Kitts and Nevis" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "divided diagonally from the lower hoist side by a broad black band bearing two white, five-pointed stars; the black band is edged in yellow; the upper triangle is green, the lower triangle is red; green signifies the island's fertility, red symbolizes the struggles of the people from slavery, yellow denotes year-round sunshine, and black represents the African heritage of the people; the white stars stand for the islands of Saint Kitts and Nevis, but can also express hope and liberty, or independence and optimism" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "brown pelican" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Oh Land of Beauty!\"", - "lyrics_music": "Kenrick Anderson GEORGES", - "note": "adopted 1983" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "The economy of Saint Kitts and Nevis depends on tourism; since the 1970s tourism has replaced sugar as the traditional mainstay of the economy. Following the 2005 harvest, the government closed the sugar industry, after several decades of losses. To compensate for lost jobs, the government has embarked on a program to diversify the agricultural sector and to stimulate other sectors of the economy, such as export-oriented manufacturing and offshore banking. Roughly 200,000 tourists visited the islands in 2009, but reduced tourism arrivals and foreign investment led to an economic contraction in 2009-2012, and the economy has not yet returned to growth. Like other tourist destinations in the Caribbean, St. Kitts and Nevis is vulnerable to damage from natural disasters and shifts in tourism demand. Furthermore, the government is constrained by one of the world's highest public debt burdens - equivalent to roughly 140% of GDP in 2012 - largely attributable to public enterprise losses." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$946.3 million (2012 est.); $955 million (2011 est.); $972.1 million (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$734 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.9% (2012 est.); -1.9% (2011 est.); 0% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$16,500 (2012 est.); $17,000 (2011 est.); $17,700 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "59.6%", - "government_consumption": "12.1%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "35.3%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "38.7%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-45.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "1.7%", - "industry": "23.3%", - "services": "75% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "sugarcane, rice, yams, vegetables, bananas; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "tourism, cotton, salt, copra, clothing, footwear, beverages" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "18,170 (June 1995)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "4.5% (1997)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$185.2 million", - "expenditures": "$222.2 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "25.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "144% of GDP (2012 est.); 154% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2% (2012 est.); 5.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "6.5% (31 December 2009); 6.5% (31 December 2008)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "9.3% (31 December 2012 est.); 9.45% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$177.4 million (31 December 2012 est.); $177.8 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$964.1 million (31 December 2011 est.); $879.1 million (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$963 million (31 December 2012 est.); $860 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$598.4 million (31 December 2011); $623.9 million (31 December 2010); $648 million (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$133.8 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$57 million (2012 est.); $54.58 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery, food, electronics, beverages, tobacco" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 55.3%, Canada 9.6%, Bangladesh 6.2% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$339.6 million (2012 est.); $218.3 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery, manufactures, food, fuels" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Algeria 59.9%, US 12%, Trinidad and Tobago 8.3% (2012)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$189.4 million (31 December 2012 est.); $199.1 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -; 2.7 (2012 est.); 2.7 (2011 est.); 2.7 (2010 est.); 2.7 (2009)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "135 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "125.6 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "22,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "1,496 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "1,699 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "303,500 Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "20,600 (2010)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "84,600 (2010)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "good interisland and international connections", - "domestic": "interisland links via Eastern Caribbean Fiber Optic cable; construction of enhanced wireless infrastructure launched in November 2004; fixed-line teledensity about 40 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 170 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 1-869; connected internationally by the East Caribbean Fiber Optic System (ECFS) and Southern Caribbean fiber optic system (SCF) submarine cables (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "the government operates a national TV network that broadcasts on 2 channels; cable subscription services provide access to local and international channels; the government operates a national radio network; a mix of government-owned and privately owned broadcasters operate roughly 15 radio stations (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".kn" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "54 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "17,000 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "2 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "50 km", - "narrow_gauge": "50 km 0.762-m gauge on Saint Kitts for tourists (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "383 km", - "paved": "163 km", - "unpaved": "220 km (2002)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "152", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 16, cargo 81, chemical tanker 4, combination ore/oil 1, container 2, liquefied gas 3, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 7, petroleum tanker 27, refrigerated cargo 4, roll on/roll off 4, specialized tanker 1", - "foreign_owned": "73 (Belgium 1, China 1, Egypt 1, Greece 2, India 2, Japan 2, Malaysia 1, Norway 3, Pakistan 1, Russia 13, Singapore 10, Turkey 18, UAE 8, UK 1, Ukraine 8, US 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Basseterre, Charlestown" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, National Security, Labour, Immigration, and Social Security: Royal Saint Kitts and Nevis Defense Force (includes Coast Guard), Royal Saint Kitts and Nevis Police Force (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "13,506", - "females_age_16_49": "13,089 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "10,742", - "females_age_16_49": "10,923 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "380", - "female": "422 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its Economic Exclusion Zone/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; some money-laundering activity" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/caribbean/lc-saint-lucia.json b/caribbean/lc-saint-lucia.json deleted file mode 100644 index 8bb5dc1d..00000000 --- a/caribbean/lc-saint-lucia.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,551 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The island, with its fine natural harbor at Castries, was contested between England and France throughout the 17th and early 18th centuries (changing possession 14 times); it was finally ceded to the UK in 1814. Even after the abolition of slavery on its plantations in 1834, Saint Lucia remained an agricultural island, dedicated to producing tropical commodity crops. Self-government was granted in 1967 and independence in 1979." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "13 53 N, 60 58 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" - }, - "area": { - "total": "616 sq km", - "land": "606 sq km", - "water": "10 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "three and a half times the size of Washington, DC" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "158 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season January to April, rainy season May to August" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "volcanic and mountainous with some broad, fertile valleys" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Caribbean Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Mount Gimie 950 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "forests, sandy beaches, minerals (pumice), mineral springs, geothermal potential" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "4.84%", - "permanent_crops": "11.29%", - "other": "83.87% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "30 sq km (2007)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.02 cu km/yr (NA)", - "per_capita": "98.22 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "hurricanes; volcanic activity" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation; soil erosion, particularly in the northern region" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "the twin Pitons (Gros Piton and Petit Piton), striking cone-shaped peaks south of Soufriere, are one of the scenic natural highlights of the Caribbean" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Saint Lucian(s)", - "adjective": "Saint Lucian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "black 82.5%, mixed 11.9%, East Indian 2.4%, other or unspecified 3.1% (2001 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "English (official), French patois" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 67.5%, Protestant 18.2% (Seventh-Day Adventist 8.5%, Pentecostal 5.7%, Anglican 2%, Evangelical 2%), other Christian 5.1%, Rastafarian 2.1%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.5%, none 4.5% (2001 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "162,781 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "21.6% (male 18,101/female 17,098)", - "15_24_years": "16.9% (male 13,872/female 13,602)", - "25_54_years": "42.9% (male 33,528/female 36,230)", - "55_64_years": "8.4% (male 6,371/female 7,372)", - "65_years_and_over": "10.2% (male 7,510/female 9,097) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "48.6 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "35.6 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "13 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "7.7 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "32.2 years", - "male": "31.1 years", - "female": "33.3 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.36% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "14.19 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "7.21 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-3.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "28% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "CASTRIES (capital) 15,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.93 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.87 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.83 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.95 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "35 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "12.07 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "11.4 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "12.78 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "77.22 years", - "male": "74.52 years", - "female": "80.08 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.78 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "8.7% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.47 physicians/1,000 population (2002)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.5 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 95% of population; total: 96% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 5% of population; total: 4% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 71% of population; rural: 63% of population; total: 65% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 29% of population; rural: 37% of population; total: 35% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "21.4% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "4.4% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over has ever attended school", - "total_population": "90.1%", - "male": "89.5%", - "female": "90.6% (2001 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "13 years", - "male": "13 years", - "female": "13 years (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "40.8%", - "male": "37.1%", - "female": "45.5% (2004)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "none", - "conventional_short_form": "Saint Lucia" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Castries", - "geographic_coordinates": "14 00 N, 61 00 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "11 quarters; Anse-la-Raye, Castries, Choiseul, Dauphin, Dennery, Gros-Islet, Laborie, Micoud, Praslin, Soufriere, Vieux-Fort" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "22 February 1979 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 22 February (1979)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "22 February 1979" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "English common law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Dame Pearlette LOUISY (since September 1997)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Kenny Davis ANTHONY (since 30 November 2011)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister", - "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; the governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (11 seats; six members appointed on the advice of the prime minister, three on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and two after consultation with religious, economic, and social groups) and the House of Assembly (17 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "House of Assembly - last held on 28 November 2011 (next to be held in 2016)", - "election_results": "House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - SLP 49.68%, UWP 45.83%; seats by party - SLP 11, UWP 6" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the itinerant superior court of record for the 9-member Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - with its headquarters on St. Lucia - is headed by the chief justice and is comprised of the Court of Appeal with 3 justices and the High Court with 16 judges; sittings of the Court of Appeal and High Court rotate among the member states; 3 High Court judges reside on Saint Lucia note - Saint Lucia is a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court chief justice appointed by Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62", - "subordinate_courts": "magistrate's court" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Lucian People's Movement or LPM [Therold PRUDENT]; Saint Lucia Labor Party or SLP [Kenny ANTHONY]; United Workers Party or UWP [Stephenson KING]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OIF, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Sonia Merlyn JOHNNY", - "chancery": "3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 364-6792 through 6795", - "fax": "[1] (202) 364-6723", - "consulates_general": "Coral Gables (FL), New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Saint Lucia; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Saint Lucia" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "blue, with a gold isosceles triangle below a black arrowhead; the upper edges of the arrowhead have a white border; the blue color represents the sky and sea, gold stands for sunshine and prosperity, and white and black the racial composition of the island (with the latter being dominant); the two major triangles invoke the twin Pitons (Gros Piton and Petit Piton), cone-shaped volcanic plugs that are a symbol of the island" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "twin pitons (volcanic peaks); Saint Lucia parrot" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Sons and Daughters of St. Lucia\"", - "lyrics_music": "Charles JESSE/Leton Felix THOMAS", - "note": "adopted 1967" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "The island nation has been able to attract foreign business and investment, especially in its offshore banking and tourism industries. Tourism is Saint Lucia's main source of jobs and income - accounting for 65% of GDP - and the island's main source of foreign exchange earnings. The manufacturing sector is the most diverse in the Eastern Caribbean area. Crops such as bananas, mangos, and avocados continue to be grown for export, but St. Lucia''s once solid banana industry has been devastated by strong competition and by Hurricane Tomas in 2010. Saint Lucia is vulnerable to a variety of external shocks, including volatile tourism receipts, natural disasters, and dependence on foreign oil. Furthermore, high public debt - 77% of GDP in 2012 - and high debt servicing obligations constrain the ANTHONY administration''s ability to respond to adverse external shocks. St. Lucia has experienced anemic growth since the onset of the global financial crisis in 2008, largely because of a slowdown in tourism. As airlines cut back on their routes to St. Lucia in 2012, tourism growth slowed. Also, St. Lucia introduced a value added tax in 2012 of 15%, becoming the last country in the Eastern Caribbean to do so." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$2.233 billion (2012 est.); $2.243 billion (2011 est.); $2.212 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$1.22 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.4% (2012 est.); 1.4% (2011 est.); 0.2% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$13,300 (2012 est.); $13,500 (2011 est.); $13,400 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "59%", - "government_consumption": "18%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "39.5%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "52%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-68.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "3.1%", - "industry": "16.3%", - "services": "80.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "bananas, coconuts, vegetables, citrus, root crops, cocoa" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "tourism; clothing, assembly of electronic components, beverages, corrugated cardboard boxes, lime processing, coconut processing" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "79,700 (2012)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "21.7%", - "industry": "24.7%", - "services": "53.6% (2002 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "20% (2003 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$185.2 million", - "expenditures": "$222.2 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "15.2% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-3% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "77% of GDP (2012 est.); 77% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 April - 31 March" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "3.7% (2012 est.); 2.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "6.5% (31 December 2010 est.); 6.5% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "10.4% (31 December 2012 est.); 10% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$253.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $250 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$1.149 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $1.113 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$1.469 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.442 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$178.3 million (2012 est.); -$220.4 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$203.3 million (2012 est.); $179.8 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "bananas 41%, clothing, cocoa, avacados, mangoes, coconut oil" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 13.1%, Peru 10.1%, UK 9.7%, Antigua and Barbuda 9.7%, Dominica 9.4%, France 8.5%, Barbados 8.5%, Trinidad and Tobago 7.9%, Grenada 6.4% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$552.3 million (2012 est.); $616 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "food 23%, manufactured goods 21%, machinery and transportation equipment 19%, chemicals, fuels" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Brazil 55%, US 18.3%, Trinidad and Tobago 9.5% (2012)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$438.8 million (31 December 2012 est.); $447.8 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -; 2.7 (2012 est.); 2.7 (2011 est.); 2.7 (2010 est.); 2.7 (2009)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "358 million kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "317.3 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "76,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "2,922 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "2,980 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "430,800 Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "35,900 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "216,500 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "an adequate system that is automatically switched", - "domestic": "fixed-line teledensity is 25 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 130 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 1-758; the East Caribbean Fiber Optic System (ECFS) and Southern Caribbean fiber optic system (SCF) submarine cables, along with Intelsat from Martinique, carry calls internationally; direct microwave radio relay link with Martinique and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; tropospheric scatter to Barbados (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "3 privately owned TV stations; 1 public TV station operating on a cable network; multi-channel cable TV service available; a mix of state-owned and privately owned broadcasters operate nearly 25 radio stations including repeater transmission stations (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".lc" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "100 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "142,900 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "2 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "2", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "1,210 km (2002)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Castries, Cul-de-Sac, Vieux-Fort" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "no regular military forces; Royal Saint Lucia Police Force (includes Special Service Unit, Marine Unit) (2012)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary security service; no national army (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "41,414 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "32,688", - "females_age_16_49": "36,289 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "1,574", - "female": "1,502 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its Economic Exclusion Zone/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "St. Lucia is a destination country for persons subjected to forced prostitution and forced labor; legal and illegal immigrants from Haiti, Jamaica, the Dominican Republic, Guyana, and South Asia, especially those working in domestic service, are vulnerable to human trafficking; some children under 18 are coerced to work in St. Lucia's commercial sex industry", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - St. Lucia does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government did not report any investigations, prosecutions, or convictions of trafficking offenders or public officials complicit in human trafficking in 2012 or 2011, although a counter-trafficking act was passed in 2010; the government helps protect trafficking victims by funding an NGO and running a system of informal shelters but lacks formal procedures for identifying victims and referring them to available protection and assistance services; St. Lucia is not a party to the 2000 UN TIP Protocol (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transit point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/caribbean/tt-trinidad-n-tobago.json b/caribbean/tt-trinidad-n-tobago.json deleted file mode 100644 index bc2215ff..00000000 --- a/caribbean/tt-trinidad-n-tobago.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,608 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "First colonized by the Spanish, the islands came under British control in the early 19th century. The islands' sugar industry was hurt by the emancipation of the slaves in 1834. Manpower was replaced with the importation of contract laborers from India between 1845 and 1917, which boosted sugar production as well as the cocoa industry. The discovery of oil on Trinidad in 1910 added another important export. Independence was attained in 1962. The country is one of the most prosperous in the Caribbean thanks largely to petroleum and natural gas production and processing. Tourism, mostly in Tobago, is targeted for expansion and is growing. The government is coping with a rise in violent crime." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "11 00 N, 61 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" - }, - "area": { - "total": "5,128 sq km", - "land": "5,128 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Delaware" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "362 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "measured from claimed archipelagic baselines", - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the outer edge of the continental margin" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; rainy season (June to December)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly plains with some hills and low mountains" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Caribbean Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "El Cerro del Aripo 940 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, natural gas, asphalt" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "4.87%", - "permanent_crops": "4.29%", - "other": "90.84% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "36 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "3.84 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.23 cu km/yr (67%/25%/8%)", - "per_capita": "177.9 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical storms" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "water pollution from agricultural chemicals, industrial wastes, and raw sewage; oil pollution of beaches; deforestation; soil erosion" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "Pitch Lake, on Trinidad's southwestern coast, is the world's largest natural reservoir of asphalt" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Trinidadian(s), Tobagonian(s)", - "adjective": "Trinidadian, Tobagonian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Indian (South Asian) 40%, African 37.5%, mixed 20.5%, other 1.2%, unspecified 0.8% (2000 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "English (official), Caribbean Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), French, Spanish, Chinese" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 26%, Protestant 25.8% (Anglican 7.8%, Baptist 7.2%, Pentecostal 6.8%, Seventh-Day Adventist 4%), Hindu 22.5%, Muslim 5.8%, other Christian 5.8%, other 10.8%, unspecified 1.4%, none 1.9% (2000 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "1,225,225 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "19.5% (male 121,713/female 116,764)", - "15_24_years": "13.6% (male 86,514/female 80,397)", - "25_54_years": "47.1% (male 299,207/female 278,043)", - "55_64_years": "10.7% (male 65,195/female 66,033)", - "65_years_and_over": "9.1% (male 48,102/female 63,257) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "42.5 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "29.6 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "12.9 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "7.8 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "33.9 years", - "male": "33.4 years", - "female": "34.4 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.09% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "14.07 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "8.42 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-6.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "14% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "PORT-OF-SPAIN (capital) 57,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.08 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.76 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.03 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "46 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "25.74 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "27.08 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "24.35 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "71.96 years", - "male": "69.09 years", - "female": "74.91 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.71 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "42.5% (2006)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "5.7% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.18 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "2.6 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 93% of population; total: 94% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 7% of population; total: 6% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 92% of population; rural: 92% of population; total: 92% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 8% of population; rural: 8% of population; total: 8% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "1.5% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "15,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "29.3% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "4.4% (2000)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "98.8%", - "male": "99.2%", - "female": "98.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "12 years", - "male": "12 years", - "female": "12 years (2004)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "1,201", - "percentage": "1 % (2006 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "10.5%", - "male": "8.8%", - "female": "12.9% (2008)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Trinidad and Tobago", - "conventional_short_form": "Trinidad and Tobago" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary democracy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Port of Spain", - "geographic_coordinates": "10 39 N, 61 31 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "9 regions, 3 boroughs, 2 cities, 1 ward", - "regions": "Couva/Tabaquite/Talparo, Diego Martin, Mayaro/Rio Claro, Penal/Debe, Princes Town, Sangre Grande, San Juan/Laventille, Siparia, Tunapuna/Piarco", - "borough": "Arima, Chaguanas, Point Fortin", - "cities": "Port of Spain, San Fernando", - "ward": "Tobago" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "31 August 1962 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 31 August (1962)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "1 August 1976" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "English common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Anthony CARMONA (since 18 March 2013)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Kamla PERSAD-BISSESSAR (since 26 May 2010)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed from among the members of Parliament", - "elections": "president elected by an electoral college, which consists of the members of the Senate and House of Representatives, for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 15 February 2013 (next to be held by February 2018); the president usually appoints as prime minister the leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives", - "election_results": "as the only candidate nominated, Anthony CARMONA elected president; sworn in on 18 March 2013; percent of electoral college vote - 100%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (31 seats; 16 members appointed by the ruling party, 9 by the president, 6 by the opposition party to serve a maximum term of five years) and the House of Representatives (41 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "House of Representatives - last held on 24 May 2010 (next to be held in 2015)", - "election_results": "House of Representatives - percent of vote - NA; seats by party - UNC 21, PNM 12, COP 6, TOP 2", - "note": "Tobago has a unicameral House of Assembly with 12 members serving four-year terms; last election held in January 2013; seats by party - PNM 12" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of the Judicature (consists of a chief justice for both the Court of Appeal with 12 judges and the High Court with 24 judges) note - Trinidad and Tobago can file appeals beyond its Supreme Court to the Caribbean Court of Justice, with final appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the parliamentary leader of the opposition; other judges appointed by the Judicial Legal Services Commission, headed by the chief justice and 5 members with judicial experience; all judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement normally at age 65", - "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Summary Criminal Jurisdiction; Petty Civil Courts; Family Court" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Congress of the People or COP [Prakash RAMADHAR]; Democratic Action Congress or DAC [Hochoy CHARLES] (only active in Tobago); Democratic National Alliance or DNA [Charles CARSON] (coalition of NAR, DDPT, MND); Movement for National Development or MND [Garvin NICHOLAS]; National Alliance for Reconstruction or NAR [Lennox SANKERSINGH]; People's National Movement or PNM [Keith ROWLEY]; Tobago Organization of the People or TOP [Ashworth JACK]; United National Congress or UNC [Kamla PERSAD-BISSESSAR]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Jamaat-al Muslimeen [Yasin ABU BAKR]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Paris Club (associate), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Neil PARSAN", - "chancery": "1708 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 467-6490", - "fax": "[1] (202) 785-3130", - "consulates_general": "Miami, New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Thomas SMITHAM", - "embassy": "15 Queen's Park West, Port of Spain", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 752, Port of Spain", - "telephone": "[1] (868) 622-6371 through 6376", - "fax": "[1] (868) 822-5905" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "red with a white-edged black diagonal band from the upper hoist side to the lower fly side; the colors represent the elements of earth, water, and fire; black stands for the wealth of the land and the dedication of the people; white symbolizes the sea surrounding the islands, the purity of the country's aspirations, and equality; red symbolizes the warmth and energy of the sun, the vitality of the land, and the courage and friendliness of its people" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "scarlet ibis (bird of Trinidad); cocrico (bird of Tobago)" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Forged From the Love of Liberty\"", - "lyrics_music": "Patrick Stanislaus CASTAGNE", - "note": "adopted 1962; the song was originally created to serve as an anthem for the West Indies Federation; it was adopted by Trinidad and Tobago following the Federation's dissolution in 1962" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Trinidad and Tobago has earned a reputation as an excellent investment site for international businesses and has one of the highest growth rates and per capita incomes in Latin America. Economic growth between 2000 and 2007 averaged slightly over 8%, significantly above the regional average of about 3.7% for that same period; however, GDP has slowed down since then and contracted during 2009-2011 due to depressed natural gas prices and changing markets. Growth had been fueled by investments in liquefied natural gas, petrochemicals, and steel with additional upstream and downstream investment planned. Trinidad and Tobago is the leading Caribbean producer of oil and gas, and its economy is heavily dependent upon these resources but it also supplies manufactured goods, notably food products and beverages, as well as cement to the Caribbean region. Oil and gas account for about 40% of GDP and 80% of exports, but only 5% of employment. Oil production has declined over the last decade as the country focused the majority of its efforts on natural gas. However, declining reserves, lack of government investment in the sector, and the changing global gas market raises concern for the long-term growth of the country's energy sector. Although Trinidad and Tobago enjoys cheap electricity from natural gas, the renewable energy sector has recently garnered increased interest. The country is also a regional financial center with a well-regulated and stable financial system. Other sectors the Government of Trinidad and Tobago targeted for increased investment and projected growth include tourism, agriculture, information and communications technology, and shipping. The economy benefits from a growing trade surplus with the US. The US is Trinidad and Tobago's leading trade partner. The previous MANNING administration benefited from fiscal surpluses fueled by the dynamic export sector; however, declines in oil and gas prices have reduced government revenues, challenging the current government's commitment to maintaining high levels of public investment. Crime and bureaucratic hurdles continue to be the biggest deterrents for attracting more foreign direct investment and business." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$27.14 billion (2012 est.); $27.03 billion (2011 est.); $27.74 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$25.28 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.4% (2012 est.); -2.6% (2011 est.); 0.2% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$20,400 (2012 est.); $20,400 (2011 est.); $21,100 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "24.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 24.7% of GDP (2011 est.); 36.6% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "58.1%", - "government_consumption": "17.1%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "15.6%", - "investment_in_inventories": "-25%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "96.6%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-62.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "0.3%", - "industry": "57.8%", - "services": "41.9% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "cocoa, rice, citrus, coffee, vegetables; poultry; sugar" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "petroleum and petroleum products, liquefied natural gas (LNG), methanol, ammonia, urea, steel products, beverages, food processing, cement, cotton textiles" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "615,800 (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "3.8%", - "manufacturing_mining_and_quarrying": "12.8%", - "construction_and_utilities": "20.4%", - "services": "62.9% (2007 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "5.6% (2012 est.); 5.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "17% (2007 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$7.654 billion", - "expenditures": "$7.933 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "30.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-1.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "40.3% of GDP (2012 est.); 41.5% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 October - 30 September" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "9.2% (2012 est.); 5.1% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "4.25% (31 December 2010 est.); 7.25% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "7.8% (31 December 2012 est.); 7.97% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$6.222 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.594 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$17.28 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $15.46 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$6.059 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.731 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$14.73 billion (31 December 2011); $12.16 billion (31 December 2010); $11.15 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$2.677 billion (2012 est.); $2.26 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$13.61 billion (2012 est.); $14.86 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "petroleum and petroleum products, liquefied natural gas, methanol, ammonia, urea, steel products, beverages, cereal and cereal products, sugar, cocoa, coffee, citrus fruit, vegetables, flowers" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 40.3%, Argentina 6.9%, Chile 6.8%, Jamaica 4.9%, Spain 4.3% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$8.317 billion (2012 est.); $9.992 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "mineral fuels, lubricants, machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals, live animals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "US 30.8%, Colombia 13.9%, Brazil 7.6%, Gabon 5%, Canada 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$9.897 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $10.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$4.557 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.84 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$102 billion (31 December 2008 est.); $12.44 billion (2007)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$3.829 billion (2007)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Trinidad and Tobago dollars (TTD) per US dollar -; 6.391 (2012 est.); 6.4094 (2011 est.); 6.3755 (2010 est.); 6.3099 (2009); 6.2896 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "7.271 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "7.102 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "1.429 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "99.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "135,900 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "55,240 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "56,540 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "728.3 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "165,100 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "41,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "148,600 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "242.3 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "42.46 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "22.08 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "20.38 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "381.1 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "49.93 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "292,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "1.825 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "excellent international service; good local service", - "domestic": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 170 telephones per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 1-868; submarine cable systems provide connectivity to US and parts of the Caribbean and South America; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Barbados and Guyana (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "5 TV networks, one of which is state-owned, broadcast on multiple stations; multiple cable TV subscription service providers; multiple radio networks, one state-owned, broadcast over about 35 stations (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".tt" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "241,690 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "593,000 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "4 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "2", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "2", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "condensate 257 km; condensate/gas 11 km; gas 1,567 km; oil 587 km (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "8,320 km", - "paved": "4,252 km", - "unpaved": "4,068 km (2000)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "4", - "by_type": "passenger 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 1", - "registered_in_other_countries": "2 (unknown 2) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Point Fortin, Point Lisas, Port of Spain, Scarborough", - "oil_terminals": "Galeota Point terminal" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Trinidad and Tobago Defense Force (TTDF): Trinidad and Tobago Army, Coast Guard, Air Guard, Defense Force Reserves (2010)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service (16 years of age with parental consent); no conscription; Trinidad and Tobago citizenship and completion of secondary school required (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "341,764", - "females_age_16_49": "317,899 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "269,824", - "females_age_16_49": "261,735 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "8,164", - "female": "7,503 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.6% of GDP (2011)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago abide by the April 2006 Permanent Court of Arbitration decision delimiting a maritime boundary and limiting catches of flying fish in Trinidad and Tobago's exclusive economic zone; in 2005, Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago agreed to compulsory international arbitration under United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea challenging whether the northern limit of Trinidad and Tobago's and Venezuela's maritime boundary extends into Barbadian waters; Guyana has also expressed its intention to include itself in the arbitration as the Trinidad and Tobago-Venezuela maritime boundary may extend into its waters as well" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Trinidad and Tobago is a destination and transit country for adults and children subjected to sex trafficking and adults subjected to forced labor; local victims have been trafficked to the US and the UK for sexual exploitation, while women and girls from South America and the Dominican Republic have been subjected to sex trafficking in Trinidad and Tobago's brothels and clubs; some economic migrants from the Caribbean region and Asia have had their passports held and experienced forced labor conditions; children are vulnerable to forced labor, including scavenging trash; the country is a potential transit point for human trafficking to Caribbean and South American destinations", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Trinidad and Tobago does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; in 2013, the government proclaimed its anti-trafficking law and established a counter-trafficking unit, but authorities did not use the law to its full effect; despite victim protections in the new law, the government has failed to properly screen and protect hundreds of potential trafficking victims; the reported complicity of public officials in trafficking offenses is also an obstacle (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; producer of cannabis" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/caribbean/vc-saint-vincent-n-the-grenadines.json b/caribbean/vc-saint-vincent-n-the-grenadines.json deleted file mode 100644 index 81cf0338..00000000 --- a/caribbean/vc-saint-vincent-n-the-grenadines.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,547 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Resistance by native Caribs prevented colonization on Saint Vincent until 1719. Disputed between France and the United Kingdom for most of the 18th century, the island was ceded to the latter in 1783. Between 1960 and 1962, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines was a separate administrative unit of the Federation of the West Indies. Autonomy was granted in 1969 and independence in 1979." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "13 15 N, 61 12 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" - }, - "area": { - "total": "389 sq km (Saint Vincent 344 sq km)", - "land": "389 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "twice the size of Washington, DC" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "84 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "volcanic, mountainous" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Caribbean Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "La Soufriere 1,234 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "hydropower, cropland" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "12.82%", - "permanent_crops": "7.69%", - "other": "79.49% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "10 sq km (2003)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.01 cu km/yr (NA)", - "per_capita": "92.59 cu m/yr (1995)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "hurricanes; Soufriere volcano on the island of Saint Vincent is a constant threat" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "pollution of coastal waters and shorelines from discharges by pleasure yachts and other effluents; in some areas, pollution is severe enough to make swimming prohibitive" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "the administration of the islands of the Grenadines group is divided between Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Grenada; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is comprised of 32 islands and cays" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Saint Vincentian(s) or Vincentian(s)", - "adjective": "Saint Vincentian or Vincentian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "black 66%, mixed 19%, East Indian 6%, European 4%, Carib Amerindian 2%, other 3%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "English, French patois" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Protestant 75% (Anglican 47%, Methodist 28%), Roman Catholic 13%, other (includes Hindu, Seventh-Day Adventist, other Protestant) 12%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "103,220 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "23.4% (male 12,179/female 11,979)", - "15_24_years": "17% (male 8,848/female 8,680)", - "25_54_years": "42.5% (male 22,777/female 21,067)", - "55_64_years": "8.8% (male 4,627/female 4,412)", - "65_years_and_over": "8.4% (male 3,982/female 4,669) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "47.6 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "37.3 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "10.3 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "9.7 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "31.3 years", - "male": "31.4 years", - "female": "31.2 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.3% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "14.12 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "7.06 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-10.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "49% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "KINGSTOWN (capital) 28,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.08 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.84 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.03 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "48 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "13.46 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "14.66 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "12.22 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "74.62 years", - "male": "72.69 years", - "female": "76.62 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.87 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "4.5% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.75 physicians/1,000 population (2000)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "2.6 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "rural: 96% of population", - "unimproved": "rural: 4% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "23.4% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.1% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over has ever attended school", - "total_population": "96%", - "male": "96%", - "female": "96% (1970 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "13 years", - "male": "13 years", - "female": "13 years (2004)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "none", - "conventional_short_form": "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Kingstown", - "geographic_coordinates": "13 08 N, 61 13 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "6 parishes; Charlotte, Grenadines, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint Patrick" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "27 October 1979 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 27 October (1979)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "27 October 1979" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "English common law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Sir Fredrick Nathaniel BALLANTYNE (since 2 September 2002)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Ralph E. GONSALVES (since 29 March 2001)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister", - "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; the governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral House of Assembly (21 seats, 15 elected representatives and 6 appointed senators; representatives elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 13 December 2010 (next to be held in 2015)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - ULP 51.6%, NDP 47.8%, other 0.6%; seats by party - ULP 8, NDP 7" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the itinerant superior court of record for the 9-member Organization of Eastern Caribbean States to include Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; the ECSC - with its headquarters on Saint Lucia - is headed by the chief justice and is comprised of the Court of Appeal with 3 justices and the High Court with 16 judges; sittings of the Court of Appeal and High Court rotate among the member states; 2 High Court judges reside on Saint Vincent and the Grenadines note - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court chief justice appointed by Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62", - "subordinate_courts": "magistrates' courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "New Democratic Party or NDP [Arnhim EUSTACE]; Unity Labor Party or ULP [Ralph GONSALVES] (formed by the coalition of Saint Vincent Labor Party or SVLP and the Movement for National Unity or MNU)" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador La Celia A. PRINCE", - "chancery": "3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 364-6730", - "fax": "[1] (202) 364-6736", - "consulates_general": "New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three vertical bands of blue (hoist side), gold (double width), and green; the gold band bears three green diamonds arranged in a V pattern, which stands for Vincent; the diamonds recall the islands as the \"Gems of the Antilles\"; blue conveys the colors of a tropical sky and crystal waters, yellow signifies the golden Grenadine sands, and green represents lush vegetation" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"St. Vincent! Land So Beautiful!\"", - "lyrics_music": "Phyllis Joyce MCCLEAN PUNNETT/Joel Bertram MIGUEL", - "note": "adopted 1967" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Success of the economy hinges upon seasonal variations in agriculture, tourism, and construction activity as well as remittance inflows. Much of the workforce is employed in banana production and tourism, but persistent high unemployment has prompted many to leave the islands. This lower-middle-income country is vulnerable to natural disasters - tropical storms wiped out substantial portions of crops in 1994, 1995, and 2002. In 2008, the islands had more than 200,000 tourist arrivals, mostly to the Grenadines, a drop of nearly 20% from 2007. Saint Vincent is home to a small offshore banking sector and has moved to adopt international regulatory standards. The government's ability to invest in social programs and respond to external shocks is constrained by its high public debt burden, which was 68% of GDP at the end of 2011. GDP grew on average 6% annually from 2002-07, but contracted between 2008-10 as a result of the global economic downturn; growth remains slow." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$1.312 billion (2012 est.); $1.306 billion (2011 est.); $1.301 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$712 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.5% (2012 est.); 0.4% (2011 est.); -2.3% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$12,000 (2012 est.); $11,900 (2011 est.); $11,900 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "90.4%", - "government_consumption": "16.7%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "25.8%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "23.2%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-56.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "5.4%", - "industry": "19.9%", - "services": "74.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "bananas, coconuts, sweet potatoes, spices; small numbers of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "tourism; food processing, cement, furniture, clothing, starch" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "57,520 (2007 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "26%", - "industry": "17%", - "services": "57% (1980 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "15% (2001 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$185.2 million", - "expenditures": "$185.2 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "26% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "0% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "68% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "3.1% (2012 est.); 4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "6.5% (31 December 2010 est.); 6.5% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "9.4% (31 December 2012 est.); 9.13% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$129.5 million (31 December 2012 est.); $122.8 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$431.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $411.1 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$408.8 million (31 December 2012 est.); $389.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$226.2 million (2012 est.); -$221.6 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$47.1 million (2012 est.); $43.02 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "bananas, eddoes and dasheen (taro), arrowroot starch; tennis racquets" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Trinidad and Tobago 15.2%, St. Lucia 13.5%, Turkey 12.1%, Barbados 11.2%, Dominica 8.9%, Grenada 8.5%, Antigua and Barbuda 7.6% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$295.3 million (2012 est.); $294.5 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, chemicals and fertilizers, minerals and fuels" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Singapore 27%, Trinidad and Tobago 24.1%, US 18.3%, China 5.4%, Barbados 5.3% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$95 million (31 December 2012 est.); $89.63 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$265.1 million (31 December 2012 est.); $282.8 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -; 2.7 (2012 est.); 2.7 (2011 est.); 2.7 (2010 est.); 2.7 (2009)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "132 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "122.8 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "49,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "81.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "18.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "1,948 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "1,474 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "332,600 Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "22,700 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "131,800 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "adequate islandwide, fully automatic telephone system", - "domestic": "fixed-line teledensity exceeds 20 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular teledensity exceeds 125 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 1-784; the East Caribbean Fiber Optic System (ECFS) and Southern Caribbean fiber optic system (SCF) submarine cables carry international calls; connectivity also provided by VHF/UHF radiotelephone from Saint Vincent to Barbados; SHF radiotelephone to Grenada and Saint Lucia; access to Intelsat earth station in Martinique through Saint Lucia (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "St. Vincent and the Grenadines Broadcasting Corporation operates 1 TV station and 5 repeater stations that provide near total coverage to the multi-island state; multi-channel cable TV service available; a partially government-funded national radio service broadcasts on 1 station and has 2 repeater stations; about a dozen privately owned radio stations and repeater stations (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".vc" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "305 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "76,000 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "6 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "5", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "3", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "1", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "829 km", - "paved": "580 km", - "unpaved": "249 km (2003)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "412", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 64, cargo 263, carrier 14, chemical tanker 4, container 18, liquefied gas 3, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 7, petroleum tanker 9, refrigerated cargo 12, roll on/roll off 15, specialized tanker 1", - "foreign_owned": "325 (Austria 1, Azerbaijan 1, Bangladesh 1, Belgium 7, Bermuda 1, Bulgaria 9, China 65, Croatia 8, Cyprus 3, Czech Republic 1, Denmark 9, Dominica 1, Egypt 2, Estonia 8, France 2, Germany 3, Greece 42, Guyana 2, Hong Kong 5, Israel 3, Italy 4, Japan 3, Kenya 2, Latvia 15, Lebanon 2, Lithuania 9, Monaco 2, Netherlands 1, Norway 13, Poland 3, Romania 1, Russia 11, Singapore 5, Slovenia 1, Sweden 10, Switzerland 7, Syria 9, Turkey 13, UAE 3, UK 6, Ukraine 12, US 18, Venezuela 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Kingstown" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "no regular military forces; Royal Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Police Force (RSVPF) (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "27,809 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "22,875", - "females_age_16_49": "22,015 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "964", - "female": "953 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its Economic Exclusion Zone/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; small-scale cannabis cultivation" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america/bz-belize.json b/central-america/bz-belize.json deleted file mode 100644 index c71e40c5..00000000 --- a/central-america/bz-belize.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,601 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Belize was the site of several Mayan city states until their decline at the end of the first millennium A.D. The British and Spanish disputed the region in the 17th and 18th centuries; it formally became the colony of British Honduras in 1854. Territorial disputes between the UK and Guatemala delayed the independence of Belize until 1981. Guatemala refused to recognize the new nation until 1992 and the two countries are involved in an ongoing border dispute. Guatemala and Belize plan to hold a simultaneous referendum, set for 6 October 2013, to determine if this dispute will go before the International Court of Justice at The Hague. Tourism has become the mainstay of the economy. Current concerns include the country's heavy foreign debt burden, high unemployment, growing involvement in the Mexican and South American drug trade, high crime rates, and one of the highest HIV/AIDS prevalence rates in Central America." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Central America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Guatemala and Mexico" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "17 15 N, 88 45 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" - }, - "area": { - "total": "22,966 sq km", - "land": "22,806 sq km", - "water": "160 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Massachusetts" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "516 km", - "border_countries": "Guatemala 266 km, Mexico 250 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "386 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm in the north, 3 nm in the south; note - from the mouth of the Sarstoon River to Ranguana Cay, Belize's territorial sea is 3 nm; according to Belize's Maritime Areas Act, 1992, the purpose of this limitation is to provide a framework for negotiating a definitive agreement on territorial differences with Guatemala", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; very hot and humid; rainy season (May to November); dry season (February to May)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "flat, swampy coastal plain; low mountains in south" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Caribbean Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Doyle's Delight 1,160 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "arable land potential, timber, fish, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "3.27%", - "permanent_crops": "1.39%", - "other": "95.34% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "30 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "18.55 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.22 cu km/yr (4%/49%/46%)", - "per_capita": "845.2 cu m/yr (2000)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "frequent, devastating hurricanes (June to November) and coastal flooding (especially in south)" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation; water pollution from sewage, industrial effluents, agricultural runoff; solid and sewage waste disposal" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "only country in Central America without a coastline on the North Pacific Ocean" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Belizean(s)", - "adjective": "Belizean" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "mestizo 48.7%, Creole 24.9%, Maya 10.6%, Garifuna 6.1%, other 9.7% (2000 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Spanish 46%, Creole 32.9%, Mayan dialects 8.9%, English 3.9% (official), Garifuna 3.4% (Carib), German 3.3%, other 1.4%, unknown 0.2% (2000 census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 39.3%, Pentacostal 8.3%, Seventh Day Adventist 5.3%, Anglican 4.5%, Mennonite 3.7%, Baptist 3.5%, Methodist 2.8%, Nazarene 2.8%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.6%, other 9.9% (includes Baha'i Faith, Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, and Mormon), other (unknown) 3.1%, none 15.2% (2010 census)" - }, - "demographic_profile": { - "text": "Migration continues to transform Belize's population. About 16% of Belizeans live abroad, while immigrants constitute approximately 15% of Belize's population. Belizeans seeking job and educational opportunities have preferred to emigrate to the United States rather than former colonizer Great Britain because of the United States' closer proximity and stronger trade ties with Belize. Belizeans also emigrate to Canada, Mexico, and English-speaking Caribbean countries. The emigration of a large share of Creoles (Afro-Belizeans) and the influx of Central American immigrants, mainly Guatemalans, Salvadorans, and Hondurans, has changed Belize's ethnic composition. Mestizos have become the largest ethnic group, and Belize now has more native Spanish speakers than English or Creole speakers, despite English being the official language. In addition, Central American immigrants are establishing new communities in rural areas, which contrasts with the urbanization trend seen in neighboring countries. Recently, Chinese, European, and North American immigrants have become more frequent. Immigration accounts for an increasing share of Belize's population growth rate, which is steadily falling due to fertility decline. Belize's declining birth rate and its increased life expectancy are creating an aging population. As the elderly population grows and nuclear families replace extended households, Belize's government will be challenged to balance a rising demand for pensions, social services, and healthcare for its senior citizens with the need to reduce poverty and social inequality and to improve sanitation." - }, - "population": { - "text": "334,297 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "35.8% (male 61,118/female 58,665)", - "15_24_years": "21.1% (male 35,912/female 34,596)", - "25_54_years": "35.1% (male 59,196/female 58,024)", - "55_64_years": "4.4% (male 7,374/female 7,407)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.6% (male 5,677/female 6,328) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "60.9 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "54.5 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.4 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "15.6 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "21.5 years", - "male": "21.4 years", - "female": "21.7 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.97% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "25.58 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "5.93 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "52% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.7% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "BELMOPAN (capital) 14,000 (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.9 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.03 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "53 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "20.82 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "23.3 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "18.23 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "68.4 years", - "male": "66.75 years", - "female": "70.13 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "3.08 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "55.2% (2011)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "5.2% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.83 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.2 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 99% of population; total: 98% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 1% of population; total: 2% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 93% of population; rural: 87% of population; total: 90% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 7% of population; rural: 13% of population; total: 10% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "2.3% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "4,800 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 500 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever and malaria (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "33.7% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "4.9% (2006)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "6.6% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "76.9%", - "male": "76.7%", - "female": "77.1% (2000 census)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "12 years", - "male": "12 years", - "female": "12 years (2003)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "27,751", - "percentage": "40 % (2001 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "19.5%", - "male": "13.8%", - "female": "28.8% (2005)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "none", - "conventional_short_form": "Belize", - "former": "British Honduras" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Belmopan", - "geographic_coordinates": "17 15 N, 88 46 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "6 districts; Belize, Cayo, Corozal, Orange Walk, Stann Creek, Toledo" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "21 September 1981 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 21 September (1981)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "21 September 1981" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "English common law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Sir Colville YOUNG, Sr. (since 17 November 1993)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Dean Oliver BARROW (since 8 February 2008); Deputy Prime Minister Gaspar VEGA (since 12 February 2008)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister from the General Assembly", - "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; prime minister recommends the deputy prime minister" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral National Assembly consists of the Senate (12 seats; members appointed by the governor general - 6 on the advice of the prime minister, 3 on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and 1 each on the advice of the Belize Council of Churches and Evangelical Association of Churches, the Belize Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the Belize Better Business Bureau, and the National Trade Union Congress and the Civil Society Steering Committee; to serve five-year terms) and the House of Representatives (31 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "House of Representatives - last held on 8 March 2012 (next to be held in 2017)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - UDP 50.4%, PUP 47.5%, other 2.1%; seats by party - UDP 17, PUP 14" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Judicature (consists of the Court of Appeal with the court president and 3 justices, and the Supreme Court with the chief justice and 2 judges) note - in 2005, Belize ceased final appeals in civil and criminal cases to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London), replacing it with the Caribbean Court of Justice, the judicial organ of the Caribbean Community", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Court of Appeal president and justices appointed by the governor general upon advice of the prime minister after consultation with the National Assembly opposition leader; justices' tenures vary by terms of appointment; Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the governor-general upon the advice of the prime minister and the National Assembly opposition leader; other judges appointed by the governor-general upon the advice of the Judicial and Legal Services Section of the Public Services Commission and with the concurrence of the prime minister after consultation with the National Assembly opposition leader; judges can be appointed beyond age 65 but must retire by age 75", - "subordinate_courts": "Summary Jurisdiction Courts (criminal) and District Courts (civil)" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "National Alliance for Belizean Rights or NABR; National Reform Party or NRP [Cornelius DUECK]; People's National Party or PNP [Wil MAHEIA]; People's United Party or PUP [John BRICENO]; United Democratic Party or UDP [Dean Oliver BARROW]; Vision Inspired by the People or VIP [Paul MORGAN]; We the People Reform Movement or WTP [Hipolito BAUTISTA]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Society for the Promotion of Education and Research or SPEAR [Nicole HAYLOCK]; Association of Concerned Belizeans or ACB [David VASQUEZ]; National Trade Union Congress of Belize or NTUC/B [Rene GOMEZ]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, SICA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Nestor MENDEZ", - "chancery": "2535 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 332-9636", - "fax": "[1] (202) 332-6888", - "consulates_general": "Los Angeles" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Vinai THUMMALAPALLY", - "embassy": "Floral Park Road, Belmopan City, Cayo District", - "mailing_address": "P.O. Box 497, Belmopan City, Cayo District, Belize", - "telephone": "[501] 822-4011", - "fax": "[501] 822-4012" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "blue with a narrow red stripe along the top and the bottom edges; centered is a large white disk bearing the coat of arms; the coat of arms features a shield flanked by two workers in front of a mahogany tree with the related motto SUB UMBRA FLOREO (I Flourish in the Shade) on a scroll at the bottom, all encircled by a green garland of 50 mahogany leaves; the colors are those of the two main political parties: blue for the PUP and red for the UDP; various elements of the coat of arms - the figures, the tools, the mahogany tree, and the garland of leaves - recall the logging industry that led to British settlement of Belize", - "note": "Belize's flag is the only national flag that depicts human beings; two British overseas territories, Montserrat and the British Virgin Islands, also depict humans" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Baird's tapir (a large, browsing, forest-dwelling mammal); keel-billed toucan" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Land of the Free\"", - "lyrics_music": "Samuel Alfred HAYNES/Selwyn Walford YOUNG", - "note": "adopted 1981; as a Commonwealth country, in addition to the national anthem, \"God Save the Queen\" serves as the royal anthem (see United Kingdom)" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Tourism is the number one foreign exchange earner in this small economy, followed by exports of marine products, citrus, cane sugar, bananas, and garments. The government's expansionary monetary and fiscal policies, initiated in September 1998, led to GDP growth averaging nearly 4% in 1999-2007. Oil discoveries in 2006 bolstered this growth. Exploration efforts have continued and production has increased a small amount. Growth slipped to 0% in 2009, and has remained at just over 2% per year during 2010-2012, as a result of the global slowdown, natural disasters, and a temporary drop in the price of oil. With weak economic growth and a large public debt burden, fiscal spending is likely to be tight. In September 2012, the government paid half of a $23 million interest payment that had been due in August 2012. In January 2013, the government announced that it had reached a deal with creditors to restructure its $544 million commercial external debt, commonly referred to as the \"superbond.\" The superbond represents one half of the country's public debt. A key government objective remains the reduction of poverty and inequality with the help of international donors. Although Belize has the second highest per capita income in Central America, the average income figure masks a huge income disparity between rich and poor. The 2010 Poverty Assessment shows that more than 4 out of 10 people live in poverty. The sizable trade deficit and heavy foreign debt burden continue to be major concerns." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$3.048 billion (2012 est.); $2.896 billion (2011 est.); $2.84 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$1.554 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "5.3% (2012 est.); 1.9% (2011 est.); 2.7% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$8,900 (2012 est.); $8,600 (2011 est.); $8,600 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "27.3% of GDP (2012 est.); 28.2% of GDP (2011 est.); 24.8% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "77.3%", - "government_consumption": "18.1%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "30.4%", - "investment_in_inventories": "1%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "71%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-98.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "13%", - "industry": "23%", - "services": "64% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "bananas, cacao, citrus, sugar; fish, cultured shrimp; lumber" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "garment production, food processing, tourism, construction, oil" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "120,500", - "note": "shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel (2008 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "10.2%", - "industry": "18.1%", - "services": "71.7% (2007)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "11.3% (2012); 13.1% (2009)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "41.3% (2010 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$400 million", - "expenditures": "$450 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "25.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-3.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "90.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 91% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 April - 31 March" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "1.2% (2012 est.); -2.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "18% (31 December 2010 est.); 12% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "12.4% (31 December 2012 est.); 13.36% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$551.5 million (31 December 2012 est.); $419.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$1.263 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.101 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$1 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $968 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$59.5 million (2012 est.); -$31.3 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$548.5 million (2012 est.); $603.6 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "sugar, bananas, citrus, clothing, fish products, molasses, wood, crude oil" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 30.8%, UK 21.2%, Nigeria 4.8%, Costa Rica 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$808.3 million (2012 est.); $778.2 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods; fuels, chemicals, pharmaceuticals; food, beverages, tobacco" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "US 23.1%, Germany 14.6%, Mexico 11.2%, Cuba 9.1%, Guatemala 5.4%, China 4.5%, Trinidad and Tobago 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$289.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $237.1 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$1.503 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.423 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Belizean dollars (BZD) per US dollar -; 2 (2012 est.); 2 (2011 est.); 2 (2010 est.); 2 (2009); 2 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "52.03 million kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "630 million kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "102,100 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "33.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "37.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "29.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "4,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "6.7 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "7,044 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "3,553 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "980,500 Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "28,800 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "222,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "above-average system; trunk network depends primarily on microwave radio relay", - "domestic": "fixed-line teledensity of slightly less than 10 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity approaching 70 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 501; landing point for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) fiber-optic telecommunications submarine cable that provides links to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth station - 8 (Intelsat - 2, unknown - 6) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "8 privately owned TV stations; multi-channel cable TV provides access to foreign stations; about 25 radio stations broadcasting on roughly 50 different frequencies; state-run radio was privatized in 1998 (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".bz" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "3,392 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "36,000 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "47 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "6", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2", - "under_914_m": "3 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "41", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "11", - "under_914_m": "29 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "3,007 km", - "paved": "575 km", - "unpaved": "2,432 km (2006)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "825 km (navigable only by small craft) (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "247", - "by_type": "barge carrier 1, bulk carrier 33, cargo 156, chemical tanker 2, liquefied gas 1, passenger/cargo 4, petroleum tanker 9, refrigerated cargo 30, roll on/roll off 10, specialized tanker 1", - "foreign_owned": "152 (Bulgaria 1, China 61, Croatia 1, Estonia 1, Greece 2, Iceland 1, Italy 3, Latvia 9, Lithuania 1, Netherlands 1, Norway 2, Russia 30, Singapore 4, Switzerland 1, Syria 4, Thailand 1, Turkey 16, UAE 3, UK 4, Ukraine 6) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Belize City, Big Creek" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Belize Defense Force (BDF): Army, BDF Air Wing (includes Special Boat Unit), BDF Volunteer Guard (2011)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; laws allow for conscription only if volunteers are insufficient; conscription has never been implemented; volunteers typically outnumber available positions by 3:1; initial service obligation 12 years (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "81,284", - "females_age_16_49": "79,185 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "59,431", - "females_age_16_49": "57,221 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "3,723", - "female": "3,584 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.2% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Guatemala persists in its territorial claim to half of Belize, but agrees to the Line of Adjacency to keep Guatemalan squatters out of Belize's forested interior; both countries agreed in April 2012 to hold simultaneous referenda, scheduled for 6 October 2013, to decide whether to refer the dispute to the ICJ for binding resolution; Belize and Mexico are working to solve minor border demarcation discrepancies arising from inaccuracies in the 1898 border treaty" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transshipment point for cocaine; small-scale illicit producer of cannabis, primarily for local consumption; offshore sector money-laundering activity related to narcotics trafficking and other crimes\r\n (2008)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america/cr-costa-rica.json b/central-america/cr-costa-rica.json deleted file mode 100644 index 06fd71ea..00000000 --- a/central-america/cr-costa-rica.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,624 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Although explored by the Spanish early in the 16th century, initial attempts at colonizing Costa Rica proved unsuccessful due to a combination of factors, including disease from mosquito-infested swamps, brutal heat, resistance by natives, and pirate raids. It was not until 1563 that a permanent settlement of Cartago was established in the cooler, fertile central highlands. The area remained a colony for some two and a half centuries. In 1821, Costa Rica became one of several Central American provinces that jointly declared their independence from Spain. Two years later it joined the United Provinces of Central America, but this federation disintegrated in 1838, at which time Costa Rica proclaimed its sovereignty and independence. Since the late 19th century, only two brief periods of violence have marred the country's democratic development. In 1949, Costa Rica dissolved its armed forces. Although it still maintains a large agricultural sector, Costa Rica has expanded its economy to include strong technology and tourism industries. The standard of living is relatively high. Land ownership is widespread." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Central America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Nicaragua and Panama" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "10 00 N, 84 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" - }, - "area": { - "total": "51,100 sq km", - "land": "51,060 sq km", - "water": "40 sq km", - "note": "includes Isla del Coco" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than West Virginia" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "639 km", - "border_countries": "Nicaragua 309 km, Panama 330 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "1,290 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical and subtropical; dry season (December to April); rainy season (May to November); cooler in highlands" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "coastal plains separated by rugged mountains including over 100 volcanic cones, of which several are major volcanoes" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Cerro Chirripo 3,810 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "4.89%", - "permanent_crops": "6.46%", - "other": "88.65% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "1,031 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "112.4 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "5.77 cu km/yr (15%/9%/77%)", - "per_capita": "1,582 cu m/yr (2006)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "occasional earthquakes, hurricanes along Atlantic coast; frequent flooding of lowlands at onset of rainy season and landslides; active volcanoes", - "volcanism": "Arenal (elev. 1,670 m), which erupted in 2010, is the most active volcano in Costa Rica; a 1968 eruption destroyed the town of Tabacon; Irazu (elev. 3,432 m), situated just east of San Jose, has the potential to spew ash over the capital city as it did between 1963 and 1965; other historically active volcanoes include Miravalles, Poas, Rincon de la Vieja, and Turrialba" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation and land use change, largely a result of the clearing of land for cattle ranching and agriculture; soil erosion; coastal marine pollution; fisheries protection; solid waste management; air pollution" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Marine Life Conservation" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "four volcanoes, two of them active, rise near the capital of San Jose in the center of the country; one of the volcanoes, Irazu, erupted destructively in 1963-65" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Costa Rican(s)", - "adjective": "Costa Rican" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "white (including mestizo) 94%, black 3%, Amerindian 1%, Chinese 1%, other 1%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Spanish (official), English" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 76.3%, Evangelical 13.7%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.3%, other Protestant 0.7%, other 4.8%, none 3.2%" - }, - "demographic_profile": { - "text": "Costa Rica's political stability, high standard of living, and well-developed social benefits system set it apart from its Central American neighbors. Through the government's sustained social spending - almost 20% of GDP annually - Costa Rica has made tremendous progress toward achieving its goal of providing universal access to education, healthcare, clean water, sanitation, and electricity. Since the 1970s, expansion of these services has led to a rapid decline in infant mortality, an increase in life expectancy at birth, and a sharp decrease in the birth rate. The average number of children born per women has fallen from about 7 in the 1960s to 3.5 in the early 1980s to below replacement level today. Costa Rica's poverty rate is lower than in most Latin American countries, but it has stalled at around 20% for almost two decades. Costa Rica is a popular regional immigration destination because of its job opportunities and social programs. Almost 9% of the population is foreign-born, with Nicaraguans comprising nearly three-quarters of the foreign population. Many Nicaraguans who perform unskilled seasonal labor enter Costa Rica illegally or overstay their visas, which continues to be a source of tension. Less than 3% of Costa Rica's population lives abroad. The overwhelming majority of expatriates have settled in the United States after completing a university degree or in order to work in a highly skilled field." - }, - "population": { - "text": "4,695,942 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "23.8% (male 571,383/female 546,152)", - "15_24_years": "17.8% (male 427,047/female 411,110)", - "25_54_years": "43.6% (male 1,027,179/female 1,018,358)", - "55_64_years": "8% (male 184,292/female 191,396)", - "65_years_and_over": "6.8% (male 147,615/female 171,410) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "44 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "33.9 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "10.1 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "9.9 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "29.6 years", - "male": "29.1 years", - "female": "30 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.27% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "16.25 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "4.44 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0.85 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "64% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "SAN JOSE (capital) 1.515 million (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.97 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.86 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.01 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "40 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "8.95 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "9.76 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "8.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "78.06 years", - "male": "75.43 years", - "female": "80.83 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.91 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "82.2% (2010)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "10.9% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.32 physicians/1,000 population (2000)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.2 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 91% of population; total: 97% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 9% of population; total: 3% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 95% of population; rural: 96% of population; total: 95% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 5% of population; rural: 4% of population; total: 5% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.3% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "9,800 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 500 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "intermediate", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea", - "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "23.7% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "1.1% (2009)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "6.3% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "96.3%", - "male": "96%", - "female": "96.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "14 years", - "male": "13 years", - "female": "14 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "39,082", - "percentage": "5 % (2002 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "16.6%", - "male": "13.5%", - "female": "21.6% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Costa Rica", - "conventional_short_form": "Costa Rica", - "local_long_form": "Republica de Costa Rica", - "local_short_form": "Costa Rica" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "democratic republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "San Jose", - "geographic_coordinates": "9 56 N, 84 05 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "7 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Alajuela, Cartago, Guanacaste, Heredia, Limon, Puntarenas, San Jose" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "15 September 1821 (from Spain)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 15 September (1821)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "7 November 1949" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system based on Spanish civil code; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Laura CHINCHILLA Miranda (since 8 May 2010); First Vice President Alfio PIVA Mesen (since 8 May 2010); Second Vice President Luis LIBERMAN Ginsburg (since 8 May 2010); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Laura CHINCHILLA Miranda (since 8 May 2010); First Vice President Alfio PIVA Mesen (since 8 May 2010); Second Vice President Luis LIBERMAN Ginsburg (since 8 May 2010)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet selected by the president", - "elections": "president and vice presidents elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a single four-year term; election last held on 7 February 2010 (next to be held in February 2014)", - "election_results": "Laura CHINCHILLA Miranda elected president; percent of vote - Laura CHINCHILLA Miranda (PLN) 46.7%; Otton SOLIS (PAC) 25.1%, Otto GUEVARA Guth (ML) 20.8%, other 7.4%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa (57 seats; members elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 7 February 2010 (next to be held in February 2014)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PLN 24, PAC 11, ML 9, PUSC 6, PASE 4, other 3" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Justice (consists of 22 judges organized into 3 cassation chambers each with 5 judges, and the Constitutional Chamber with 7 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court of Justice judges elected by the National Assembly for 8-year terms with renewal decided by the National Assembly", - "subordinate_courts": "appellate courts; first instance and justice of the peace courts; Superior Electoral Tribunal" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Accessibility Without Exclusion or PASE [Oscar Andres LOPEZ Arias]; Citizen Action Party or PAC [Elizabeth FONSECA]; Costa Rican Renovation Party or PRC [Gerardo Justo OROZCO Alvarez]; Broad Front (Frente Amplio) or PFA [Jose MERINO del Rio]; Libertarian Movement Party or ML [Otto GUEVARA Guth]; National Integration Party or PIN [Walter MUNOZ Cespedes]; National Liberation Party or PLN [Bernal JIMENEZ]; National Restoration Party or PRN; Patriotic Alliance [Mariano FIGUERES Olsen]; Popular Vanguard [Trino BARRANTES Araya]; Social Christian Unity Party or PUSC [Gerardo VARGAS]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Authentic Confederation of Democratic Workers or CATD (Communist Party affiliate); Chamber of Coffee Growers; Confederated Union of Workers or CUT (Communist Party affiliate); Costa Rican Confederation of Democratic Workers or CCTD (Liberation Party affiliate); Costa Rican Exporter's Chamber or CADEXCO; Costa Rican Solidarity Movement; Costa Rican Union of Private Sector Enterprises or UCCAEP; Federation of Public Service Workers or FTSP; National Association for Economic Development or ANFE; National Association of Educators or ANDE; National Association of Public and Private Employees or ANEP; Rerum Novarum or CTRN (PLN affiliate)" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "BCIE, CACM, CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, SICA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Shanon Muni FIGUERES Boggs", - "chancery": "2114 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 480-2200", - "fax": "[1] (202) 265-4795", - "consulates_general": "Atlanta, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York", - "consulates": "Austin" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Anne Slaughter ANDREW", - "embassy": "Calle 120 Avenida O, Pavas, San Jose", - "mailing_address": "APO AA 34020", - "telephone": "[506] 2519-2000", - "fax": "[506] 2519-2305" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "five horizontal bands of blue (top), white, red (double width), white, and blue, with the coat of arms in a white elliptical disk toward the hoist side of the red band; Costa Rica retained the earlier blue-white-blue flag of Central America until 1848 when, in response to revolutionary activity in Europe, it was decided to incorporate the French colors into the national flag and a central red stripe was added; today the blue color is said to stand for the sky, opportunity, and perseverance, white denotes peace, happiness, and wisdom, while red represents the blood shed for freedom, as well as the generosity and vibrancy of the people", - "note": "somewhat resembles the flag of North Korea; similar to the flag of Thailand but with the blue and red colors reversed" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "clay-colored robin known as Yiguirro" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Himno Nacional de Costa Rica\" (National Anthem of Costa Rica)", - "lyrics_music": "Jose Maria ZELEDON Brenes/Manuel Maria GUTIERREZ", - "note": "adopted 1949; the anthem's music was originally written for an 1853 welcome ceremony for diplomatic missions from the United States and United Kingdom; the lyrics were added in 1903" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Prior to the global economic crisis, Costa Rica enjoyed stable economic growth. The economy contracted 1.3% in 2009 but resumed growth at about 4.5% per year in 2010-12. While the traditional agricultural exports of bananas, coffee, sugar, and beef are still the backbone of commodity export trade, a variety of industrial and specialized agricultural products have broadened export trade in recent years. High value-added goods and services, including microchips, have further bolstered exports. Tourism continues to bring in foreign exchange, as Costa Rica's impressive biodiversity makes it a key destination for ecotourism. Foreign investors remain attracted by the country's political stability and relatively high education levels, as well as the incentives offered in the free-trade zones; and Costa Rica has attracted one of the highest levels of foreign direct investment per capita in Latin America. However, many business impediments remain, such as high levels of bureaucracy, legal uncertainty due to overlapping and at times conflicting responsibilities between agencies, difficulty of enforcing contracts, and weak investor protection. Poverty has remained around 20-25% for nearly 20 years, and the strong social safety net that had been put into place by the government has eroded due to increased financial constraints on government expenditures. Unlike the rest of Central America, Costa Rica is not highly dependent on remittances as they only represent about 2% of GDP. Immigration from Nicaragua has increasingly become a concern for the government. The estimated 300,000-500,000 Nicaraguans in Costa Rica legally and illegally are an important source of mostly unskilled labor but also place heavy demands on the social welfare system. The US-Central American-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) entered into force on 1 January 2009 after significant delays within the Costa Rican legislature. CAFTA-DR has increased foreign direct investment in key sectors of the economy, including the insurance and telecommunications sectors recently opened to private investors. President CHINCHILLA was not able to gain legislative approval for fiscal reform, her top priority, though she continued to pursue fiscal reform in 2012. President CHINCHILLA and the PLN were successful in passing a tax on corporations to fund an increase for security services." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$59.79 billion (2012 est.); $56.94 billion (2011 est.); $54.65 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$45.13 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "5% (2012 est.); 4.2% (2011 est.); 4.7% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$12,800 (2012 est.); $12,300 (2011 est.); $12,000 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "15.7% of GDP (2012 est.); 16.3% of GDP (2011 est.); 17.1% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "65.1%", - "government_consumption": "17.9%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "20.2%", - "investment_in_inventories": "1%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "37.7%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-41.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "6.2%", - "industry": "21.5%", - "services": "72.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "bananas, pineapples, coffee, melons, ornamental plants, sugar, corn, rice, beans, potatoes; beef, poultry, dairy; timber" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "microprocessors, food processing, medical equipment, textiles and clothing, construction materials, fertilizer, plastic products" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "2.182 million", - "note": "this official estimate excludes Nicaraguans living in Costa Rica (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "14%", - "industry": "22%", - "services": "64% (2006 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "7.8% (2012 est.); 6.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "24.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1.2%", - "highest_10%": "39.5% (2009 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "50.3 (2009); 45.9 (1997)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$6.506 billion", - "expenditures": "$8.501 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "14.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-4.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "51.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 46.5% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "4.5% (2012 est.); 4.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "21.5% (31 December 2010 est.); 23% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "18.21% (31 December 2012 est.); 16.15% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$3.871 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.693 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$20.09 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $18.68 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$22.14 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $19.21 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$1.443 billion (31 December 2011); $1.445 billion (31 December 2010); $1.452 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$2.556 billion (2012 est.); -$2.2 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$11.44 billion (2012 est.); $10.38 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "bananas, pineapples, coffee, melons, ornamental plants, sugar; beef; seafood; electronic components, medical equipment" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 30.7%, China 13.2%, Netherlands 10.4%, UK 9%, Mexico 9% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$16.75 billion (2012 est.); $15.53 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "raw materials, consumer goods, capital equipment, petroleum, construction materials" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "US 46.2%, Mexico 6.4%, Japan 6.1%, China 5.8% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$6.857 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.756 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$13.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $10.29 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$18.61 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $16.34 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$1.131 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $704.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Costa Rican colones (CRC) per US dollar -; 502.9 (2012 est.); 505.66 (2011 est.); 525.83 (2010 est.); 573.29 (2009); 530.41 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "9.47 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "8.53 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "38 million kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "62 million kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "2.49 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "24.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "61.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "13.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "7,361 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "12,090 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "50,200 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "737.1 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "39,200 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "6.411 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "1.234 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "4.358 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "good domestic telephone service in terms of breadth of coverage; under the terms of CAFTA-DR, the state-run telecommunications monopoly is scheduled to be opened to competition from domestic and international firms, but has been slow to open to competition", - "domestic": "point-to-point and point-to-multi-point microwave, fiber-optic, and coaxial cable link rural areas; Internet service is available", - "international": "country code - 506; landing points for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1), MAYA-1, and the Pan American Crossing submarine cables that provide links to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; connected to Central American Microwave System; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "multiple privately owned TV stations and 1 publicly owned TV station; cable network services are widely available; more than 100 privately owned radio stations and a public radio network (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".cr" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "147,258 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "1.485 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "161 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "47", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2", - "914_to_1_523_m": "27", - "under_914_m": "16 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "114", - "914_to_1_523_m": "18", - "under_914_m": "96 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "refined products 662 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "278 km", - "narrow_gauge": "278 km 1.067-m gauge", - "note": "none of the railway network is in use (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "39,018 km", - "paved": "10,133 km", - "unpaved": "28,885 km (2010)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "730 km (seasonally navigable by small craft) (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "1", - "by_type": "passenger/cargo 1 (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Atlantic Ocean (Caribbean) Puerto Limon; Pacific Ocean - Caldera" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "no regular military forces; Ministry of Public Security, Government, and Police (2011)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,255,798", - "females_age_16_49": "1,230,202 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,058,419", - "females_age_16_49": "1,037,053 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "42,201", - "female": "40,444 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.8% of GDP", - "note": "includes public security and police expenditures (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "the ICJ had given Costa Rica until January 2008 to reply and Nicaragua until July 2008 to rejoin before rendering its decision on the navigation, security, and commercial rights of Costa Rican vessels on the Rio San Juan over which Nicaragua retains sovereignty" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "10,305 (Colombia) (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transshipment country for cocaine and heroin from South America; illicit production of cannabis in remote areas; domestic cocaine consumption, particularly crack cocaine, is rising; significant consumption of amphetamines; seizures of smuggled cash in Costa Rica and at the main border crossing to enter Costa Rica from Nicaragua have risen in recent years (2008)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america/gt-guatemala.json b/central-america/gt-guatemala.json deleted file mode 100644 index c9dab9aa..00000000 --- a/central-america/gt-guatemala.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,618 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The Maya civilization flourished in Guatemala and surrounding regions during the first millennium A.D. After almost three centuries as a Spanish colony, Guatemala won its independence in 1821. During the second half of the 20th century, it experienced a variety of military and civilian governments, as well as a 36-year guerrilla war. In 1996, the government signed a peace agreement formally ending the conflict, which had left more than 200,000 people dead and had created, by some estimates, some 1 million refugees. In January 2012, Guatemala assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2012-13 term." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Central America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between El Salvador and Mexico, and bordering the Gulf of Honduras (Caribbean Sea) between Honduras and Belize" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "15 30 N, 90 15 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" - }, - "area": { - "total": "108,889 sq km", - "land": "107,159 sq km", - "water": "1,730 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Tennessee" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,687 km", - "border_countries": "Belize 266 km, El Salvador 203 km, Honduras 256 km, Mexico 962 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "400 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; hot, humid in lowlands; cooler in highlands" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly mountains with narrow coastal plains and rolling limestone plateau" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Volcan Tajumulco 4,211 m", - "note": "highest point in Central America" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, nickel, rare woods, fish, chicle, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "13.78%", - "permanent_crops": "8.68%", - "other": "77.55% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "3,121 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "111.3 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "3.46 cu km/yr (15%/31%/54%)", - "per_capita": "259.1 cu m/yr (2006)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "numerous volcanoes in mountains, with occasional violent earthquakes; Caribbean coast extremely susceptible to hurricanes and other tropical storms", - "volcanism": "significant volcanic activity in the Sierra Madre range; Santa Maria (elev. 3,772 m) has been deemed a \"Decade Volcano\" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Pacaya (elev. 2,552 m), which erupted in May 2010 causing an ashfall on Guatemala City and prompting evacuations, is one of the country's most active volcanoes with frequent eruptions since 1965; other historically active volcanoes include Acatenango, Almolonga, Atitlan, Fuego, and Tacana" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation in the Peten rainforest; soil erosion; water pollution" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "no natural harbors on west coast" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Guatemalan(s)", - "adjective": "Guatemalan" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Mestizo (mixed Amerindian-Spanish - in local Spanish called Ladino) and European 59.4%, K'iche 9.1%, Kaqchikel 8.4%, Mam 7.9%, Q'eqchi 6.3%, other Mayan 8.6%, indigenous non-Mayan 0.2%, other 0.1% (2001 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Spanish (official) 60%, Amerindian languages 40%", - "note": "there are 23 officially recognized Amerindian languages, including Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi, Mam, Garifuna, and Xinca" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic, Protestant, indigenous Mayan beliefs" - }, - "demographic_profile": { - "text": "Guatemala is a predominantly poor country that struggles in several areas of health and development, including infant, child, and maternal mortality, malnutrition, literacy, and contraceptive awareness and use. The large indigenous population is disproportionately affected. Guatemala is the most populous country in Central America and has the highest fertility rate in Latin America. It also has the highest population growth rate in Latin America, which is likely to continue in the long term because of its large reproductive-age population and high birth rate. Almost half of Guatemala's population is under age 19, making it the youngest population in Latin America. Guatemala's total fertility rate has slowly declined during the last few decades due in part to limited government-funded health programs. However, the birth rate is still more than three children per woman and is markedly higher among its rural and indigenous populations. Guatemalans have a history of emigrating legally and illegally to Mexico, the United States, and Canada because of a lack of economic opportunity, political instability, and natural disasters. Emigration, primarily to the United States, escalated during the 1960-1996 civil war and accelerated after a peace agreement was signed. Thousands of Guatemalans who fled to Mexico returned after the war, but labor migration to southern Mexico continues." - }, - "population": { - "text": "14,373,472 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "36.8% (male 2,691,572/female 2,591,873)", - "15_24_years": "22.2% (male 1,599,368/female 1,592,830)", - "25_54_years": "31.8% (male 2,170,071/female 2,402,330)", - "55_64_years": "5.1% (male 354,266/female 380,414)", - "65_years_and_over": "4.1% (male 274,254/female 316,494) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "81.8 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "73.5 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "8.3 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "12.1 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "20.7 years", - "male": "20 years", - "female": "21.3 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.91% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "25.99 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "4.87 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-2.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "49% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "3.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "GUATEMALA CITY (capital) 1.075 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.9 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.94 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.87 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.97 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "20.3", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2009 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "120 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "24.32 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "26.44 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "22.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "71.46 years", - "male": "69.56 years", - "female": "73.45 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "3.08 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "43.3% (2002)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "6.9% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.9 physicians/1,000 population (1999)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.6 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 87% of population; total: 92% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 13% of population; total: 8% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 87% of population; rural: 70% of population; total: 88% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 13% of population; rural: 30% of population; total: 22% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.8% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "62,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "2,600 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_disease": "dengue fever and malaria (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "19.2% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "13% (2009)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "2.8% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "75.9%", - "male": "81.2%", - "female": "71.1% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "11 years", - "male": "11 years", - "female": "10 years (2007)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "929,852", - "percentage": "21 %", - "note": "data represents children ages 5-17 (2006 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "7.1% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Guatemala", - "conventional_short_form": "Guatemala", - "local_long_form": "Republica de Guatemala", - "local_short_form": "Guatemala" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "constitutional democratic republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Guatemala City", - "geographic_coordinates": "14 37 N, 90 31 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "22 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Alta Verapaz, Baja Verapaz, Chimaltenango, Chiquimula, El Progreso, Escuintla, Guatemala, Huehuetenango, Izabal, Jalapa, Jutiapa, Peten, Quetzaltenango, Quiche, Retalhuleu, Sacatepequez, San Marcos, Santa Rosa, Solola, Suchitepequez, Totonicapan, Zacapa" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "15 September 1821 (from Spain)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 15 September (1821)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "31 May 1985, effective 14 January 1986; suspended 25 May 1993; reinstated 5 June 1993; amended November 1993" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; the Congress ratified Statute of Rome on 18 January 2012, and ICCt jurisdiction entered into force on 23 February 2012" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal; note - active duty members of the armed forces and police may not vote by law and are restricted to their barracks on election day" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Otto Fernando PEREZ MOLINA (since 14 January 2012); Vice President Ingrid Roxana BALDETTI Elias (since 14 January 2012); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Otto Fernando PEREZ MOLINA (since 14 January 2012); Vice President Ingrid Roxana BALDETTI Elias (since 14 January 2012)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president", - "elections": "president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a four-year term (may not serve consecutive terms); election last held on 11 September 2011; runoff held on 6 November 2011 (next to be held in September 2015)", - "election_results": "Otto Fernando PEREZ MOLINA elected president in a runoff election; percent of vote - Otto Fernando PEREZ MOLINA 53.7%, Manuel BALDIZON 46.3%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Congress of the Republic or Congreso de la Republica (158 seats; members elected through a party list proportional representation system)", - "elections": "last held on 11 September 2011 (next to be held in September 2015)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - PP 26.62%, UNE-GANA 22.67%, UNC 9.50%, LIDER 8.87%, CREO 8.67%, VIVA-EG 7.87%, Winaq-URNG-ANN 3.23%, PAN 3.12%, FRG 2.74%, PU 2.70%, other 3.59%; seats by party - PP 57, UNE-GANA 48, LIDER 14, UCN 14, CREO 12, VIVA-EG 6, PAN 2, Winaq-URNG-ANN 2, FRG 1, PU 1, Victoria 1; note - changes in party affiliation now reflect the following seat distribution: as of 15 April 2013 - PP 59, LIDER 36, TODOS 16, CREO 9, GANA 8, independents 7, UNE 7, EG 3, PU 3, UCN 3, FRG 2, PAN 1, URNG 1, Victoria 1, VIVA 1, Winaq 1" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (consists of 13 magistrates including the court president and organized into several chambers); note - the court president also supervises trial judges countrywide; Constitutional Court or Corte de Constitcionalidad (consists of 5 judges and 5 alternates)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court magistrates elected by the Congress of the Republic from candidates proposed by the Postulation Committee, an independent body of deans of the country's university law schools, representatives of the country's law associations, and representatives of the Court of Appeal and other tribunals; magistrates elected for renewable 5-year terms; Constitutional Court judges - 1 elected by the Congress of the Republic, 1 by the Supreme Court president, 1 by the president of the republic, 1 by the University of San Carlos, and one by the BAR association; judges elected for concurrent 5-year terms; the presidency of the court rotates among the magistrates for a single 1-year term", - "subordinate_courts": "numerous first instance and appellate courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Commitment, Renewal, and Order or CREO [Rodolfo NEUTZE]; Democratic Union or UD [Edwin Armando MARTINEZ Herrera]; Encounter for Guatemala or EG [Nineth MONTENEGRO]; Everyone Together for Guatemala or TODOS [Jorge Mario BARRIOS Falla]; Grand National Alliance or GANA [Jaime Antonio MARTINEZ Lohayza]; Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity or URNG [Hector Alfredo NUILA Ericastilla]; Guatemalan Republican Front or FRG [Luis Fernando PEREZ]; National Advancement Party or PAN [Juan GUTIERREZ]; National Unity for Hope or UNE; National Welfare or Bien [Sandra TORRES]; Nationalist Change Union or UCN [Mario ESTRADA]; New National Alternative or ANN [Pablo MONSANTO]; Patriot Party or PP [Ingrid Roxana BALDETTI Elias]; Renewed Democratic Liberty or LIDER [Manuel BALDIZON]; Unionista Party or PU [Alvaro ARZU Irigoyen]; Victoria (Victory) [Abraham RIVERA]; Vision with Values or VIVA [Manuel Alfredo VILLACORTA Miron] (part of a coalition with EG during the last legislative election); Winaq [Rigoberta MENCHU]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Alliance Against Impunity or AI (which includes among others Center for Legal Action on Human Rights (CALDH), and Family and Friends of the Disappeared of Guatemala (FAMDEGUA)); Agrarian Owners Group or UNAGRO; Committee for Campesino Unity or CUC; Coordinating Committee of Agricultural, Commercial, Industrial, and Financial Associations or CACIF (which includes among others the Agrarian Chamber (CAMAGRO) and the Industry Chamber of Guatemala (CIG)); Guatemalan Chamber of Commerce (Camara de Comercio); International Commission Against Impunity in Guatemala or CICIG; Mutual Support Group or GAM; Movimiento PRO-Justicia" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "BCIE, CACM, CD, CELAC, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, SICA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNSC (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Francisco VILLAGRAN de Leon", - "chancery": "2220 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 745-4952", - "fax": "[1] (202) 745-1908", - "consulates_general": "Atlanta, Chicago, Denver, Houston, McAllen (TX), Miami, New York, Phoenix, San Francisco" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Arnold A. CHACON", - "embassy": "7-01 Avenida Reforma, Zone 10, Guatemala City", - "mailing_address": "DPO AA 34024", - "telephone": "[502] 2326-4000", - "fax": "[502] 2326-4654" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal vertical bands of light blue (hoist side), white, and light blue, with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms includes a green and red quetzal (the national bird) representing liberty and a scroll bearing the inscription LIBERTAD 15 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 1821 (the original date of independence from Spain) all superimposed on a pair of crossed rifles signifying Guatemala's willingness to defend itself and a pair of crossed swords representing honor and framed by a laurel wreath symbolizing victory; the blue bands stand for the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea and the sea and sky; the white band denotes peace and purity" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "quetzal (bird)" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Himno Nacional de Guatemala\" (National Anthem of Guatemala)", - "lyrics_music": "Jose Joaquin PALMA/Rafael Alvarez OVALLE", - "note": "adopted 1897, modified lyrics adopted 1934; Cuban poet Jose Joaquin PALMA anonymously submitted lyrics to a public contest calling for a national anthem; his authorship was not discovered until 1911" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Guatemala is the most populous country in Central America with a GDP per capita roughly one-half that of the average for Latin America and the Caribbean. The agricultural sector accounts for 13% of GDP and 38% of the labor force; key agricultural exports include coffee, sugar, bananas, and vegetables. The 1996 peace accords, which ended 36 years of civil war, removed a major obstacle to foreign investment, and since then Guatemala has pursued important reforms and macroeconomic stabilization. The Dominican Republic-Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) entered into force in July 2006 spurring increased investment and diversification of exports, with the largest increases in ethanol and non-traditional agricultural exports. While CAFTA-DR has helped improve the investment climate, concerns over security, the lack of skilled workers and poor infrastructure continue to hamper foreign direct investment. The distribution of income remains highly unequal with the richest 20% of the population accounting for more than 51% of Guatemala's overall consumption. More than half of the population is below the national poverty line and 13% of the population lives in extreme poverty. Poverty among indigenous groups, which make up 38% of the population, averages 73% and extreme poverty rises to 28%. Nearly one-half of Guatemala's children under age five are chronically malnourished, one of the highest malnutrition rates in the world. Given Guatemala''s large expatriate community in the United States, it is the top remittance recipient in Central America, with inflows serving as a primary source of foreign income equivalent to nearly two-fifths of exports or one-tenth of GDP. Economic growth fell in 2009 as export demand from US and other Central American markets dropped and foreign investment slowed amid the global recession. The economy gradually recovered in 2010-12." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$79.97 billion (2012 est.); $77.64 billion (2011 est.); $74.55 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$49.88 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "3% (2012 est.); 4.1% (2011 est.); 2.9% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$5,300 (2012 est.); $5,300 (2011 est.); $5,200 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "85.7%", - "government_consumption": "10.7%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "14.6%", - "investment_in_inventories": "-0.2%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "24.9%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-35.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "13.4%", - "industry": "23.7%", - "services": "62.9% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "sugarcane, corn, bananas, coffee, beans, cardamom; cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "sugar, textiles and clothing, furniture, chemicals, petroleum, metals, rubber, tourism" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "4.359 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "38%", - "industry": "14%", - "services": "48% (2011 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "4.1% (2011 est.); 3.5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "54% (2011 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1.3%", - "highest_10%": "42.4% (2006)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "55.1 (2007); 55.8 (1998)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$5.856 billion", - "expenditures": "$7.062 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "11.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-2.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "29.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 28.9% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "3.8% (2012 est.); 6.2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "6.5% (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "13.49% (31 December 2012 est.); 13.43% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$7.975 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $7.506 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$21.76 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $20.64 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$20.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $18.31 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$2.039 billion (2012 est.); -$1.523 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$10.09 billion (2012 est.); $10.52 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "coffee, sugar, petroleum, apparel, bananas, fruits and vegetables, cardamom" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 39.2%, El Salvador 11.4%, Honduras 6.8%, Mexico 5.4%, Nicaragua 4% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$15.84 billion (2012 est.); $15.48 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "fuels, machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, grain, fertilizers, electricity, mineral products, chemical products, plastic materials and products" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "US 38.4%, Mexico 11.9%, China 8.3%, El Salvador 5.1%, Colombia 4.2% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$6.694 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.184 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$16.79 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $16.29 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "quetzales (GTQ) per US dollar -; 7.8336 (2012 est.); 7.7854 (2011 est.); 8.0578 (2010 est.); 8.1616 (2009); 7.5895 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "8.146 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "8.161 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "193.3 million kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "525.6 million kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "2.673 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "58.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "29.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "12.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "10,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "12,620 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "83.07 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "1,132 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "80,810 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "4,162 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "68,910 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "2.96 billion cu m (1 January 2006 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "12.97 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "1.626 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "20.716 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "fairly modern network centered in the city of Guatemala", - "domestic": "state-owned telecommunications company privatized in the late 1990s opening the way for competition; fixed-line teledensity roughly 10 per 100 persons; fixed-line investments are being concentrated on improving rural connectivity; mobile-cellular teledensity approaching 150 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 502; landing point for both the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) and the SAM-1 fiber optic submarine cable system that together provide connectivity to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; connected to Central American Microwave System; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "4 privately owned national terrestrial TV channels dominate TV broadcasting; multi-channel satellite and cable services are available; 1 government-owned radio station and hundreds of privately owned radio stations (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".gt" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "357,552 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "2.279 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "291 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "16", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "4", - "914_to_1_523_m": "6", - "under_914_m": "4 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "275", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2", - "914_to_1_523_m": "77", - "under_914_m": "195 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "oil 480 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "332 km", - "narrow_gauge": "332 km 0.914-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "11,501 km", - "paved": "6,797 km (includes 127 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "4,704 km (2010)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "990 km (260 km navigable year round; additional 730 km navigable during high-water season) (2012)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Puerto Quetzal, Santo Tomas de Castilla" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "National Army of Guatemala (Ejercito Nacional de Guatemala, ENG; includes Guatemalan Navy (Fuerza de Mar, including Marines), Guatemalan Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Guatemalteca, FAG)) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "all male citizens between the ages of 18 and 50 are liable for military service; in practice, a selective draft system is employed, with only a small portion of 17-21 year-olds conscripted; conscript service obligation varies from 1 to 2 years; women can serve as officers (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "3,165,870", - "females_age_16_49": "3,371,217 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,590,843", - "females_age_16_49": "2,926,544 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "171,092", - "female": "168,151 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.4% of GDP (2009)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "annual ministerial meetings under the Organization of American States-initiated Agreement on the Framework for Negotiations and Confidence Building Measures continue to address Guatemalan land and maritime claims in Belize and the Caribbean Sea; Guatemala persists in its territorial claim to half of Belize, but agrees to Line of Adjacency to keep Guatemalan squatters out of Belize's forested interior; both countries agreed in April 2012 to hold simultaneous referenda, scheduled for 6 October 2013, to decide whether to refer the dispute to the ICJ for binding resolution; Mexico must deal with thousands of impoverished Guatemalans and other Central Americans who cross the porous border looking for work in Mexico and the United States" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "idps": "undetermined (more than three decades of internal conflict that ended in 1996 displaced mainly the indigenous Maya population and rural peasants; ongoing drug cartel and gang violence) (2011)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "major transit country for cocaine and heroin; in 2005, cultivated 100 hectares of opium poppy after reemerging as a potential source of opium in 2004; potential production of less than 1 metric ton of pure heroin; marijuana cultivation for mostly domestic consumption; proximity to Mexico makes Guatemala a major staging area for drugs (particularly for cocaine); money laundering is a serious problem; corruption is a major problem" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america/hn-honduras.json b/central-america/hn-honduras.json deleted file mode 100644 index 074e2fd5..00000000 --- a/central-america/hn-honduras.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,624 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Once part of Spain's vast empire in the New World, Honduras became an independent nation in 1821. After two and a half decades of mostly military rule, a freely elected civilian government came to power in 1982. During the 1980s, Honduras proved a haven for anti-Sandinista contras fighting the Marxist Nicaraguan Government and an ally to Salvadoran Government forces fighting leftist guerrillas. The country was devastated by Hurricane Mitch in 1998, which killed about 5,600 people and caused approximately $2 billion in damage. Since then, the economy has slowly rebounded." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Central America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Guatemala and Nicaragua and bordering the Gulf of Fonseca (North Pacific Ocean), between El Salvador and Nicaragua" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "15 00 N, 86 30 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" - }, - "area": { - "total": "112,090 sq km", - "land": "111,890 sq km", - "water": "200 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than Tennessee" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,520 km", - "border_countries": "Guatemala 256 km, El Salvador 342 km, Nicaragua 922 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "Caribbean Sea 669 km; Gulf of Fonseca 163 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "natural extension of territory or to 200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "subtropical in lowlands, temperate in mountains" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly mountains in interior, narrow coastal plains" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Caribbean Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Cerro Las Minas 2,870 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "timber, gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, iron ore, antimony, coal, fish, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "9.07%", - "permanent_crops": "3.91%", - "other": "87.02% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "878.5 sq km (2007)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "95.93 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "2.12 cu km/yr (16%/23%/61%)", - "per_capita": "295.6 cu m/yr (2006)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "frequent, but generally mild, earthquakes; extremely susceptible to damaging hurricanes and floods along the Caribbean coast" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "urban population expanding; deforestation results from logging and the clearing of land for agricultural purposes; further land degradation and soil erosion hastened by uncontrolled development and improper land use practices such as farming of marginal lands; mining activities polluting Lago de Yojoa (the country's largest source of fresh water), as well as several rivers and streams, with heavy metals" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "has only a short Pacific coast but a long Caribbean shoreline, including the virtually uninhabited eastern Mosquito Coast" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Honduran(s)", - "adjective": "Honduran" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "mestizo (mixed Amerindian and European) 90%, Amerindian 7%, black 2%, white 1%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Spanish (official), Amerindian dialects" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant 3%" - }, - "demographic_profile": { - "text": "Honduras is one of the poorest countries in Latin America and has the world's highest murder rate. More than half of the population lives in poverty and per capita income is one of the lowest in the region. Poverty rates are higher among rural and indigenous people and in the south, west, and along the eastern border than in the north and central areas where most of Honduras' industries and infrastructure are concentrated. The increased productivity needed to break Honduras' persistent high poverty rate depends, in part, on further improvements in educational attainment. Although primary-school enrollment is near 100%, educational quality is poor, the drop-out rate and grade repetition remain high, and teacher and school accountability is low. Honduras' population growth rate has slowed since the 1990s, but it remains high at nearly 2% annually because the birth rate averages approximately three children per woman and more among rural, indigenous, and poor women. Consequently, Honduras' young adult population - ages 15 to 29 - is projected to continue growing rapidly for the next three decades and then stabilize or slowly shrink. Population growth and limited job prospects outside of agriculture will continue to drive emigration. Remittances represent about a fifth of GDP." - }, - "population": { - "text": "8,448,465 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "35.5% (male 1,530,385/female 1,466,136)", - "15_24_years": "21.2% (male 913,818/female 878,340)", - "25_54_years": "34.8% (male 1,482,548/female 1,459,341)", - "55_64_years": "4.6% (male 178,514/female 208,243)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.9% (male 145,626/female 185,514) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "65.8 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "58.4 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "7.4 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "13.6 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "21.6 years", - "male": "21.3 years", - "female": "22 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.79% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "24.16 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "5.09 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-1.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "52% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "3.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "TEGUCIGALPA (capital) 1 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.85 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.79 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.01 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "20.1 (2006 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "100 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "19.28 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "21.83 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "16.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "70.81 years", - "male": "69.14 years", - "female": "72.56 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.94 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "65.2% (2005/06)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "6.8% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.57 physicians/1,000 population (2000)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.8 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 95% of population; rural: 79% of population; total: 87% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 5% of population; rural: 21% of population; total: 13% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 85% of population; rural: 69% of population; total: 77% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 15% of population; rural: 31% of population; total: 23% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.8% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "39,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "2,500 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever and malaria (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "18.4% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "8.6% (2006)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "85.1%", - "male": "85.3%", - "female": "84.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "12 years", - "male": "11 years", - "female": "12 years (2010)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "280,809", - "percentage": "16 % (2002 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "7%", - "male": "5.2%", - "female": "11.2% (2005)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Honduras", - "conventional_short_form": "Honduras", - "local_long_form": "Republica de Honduras", - "local_short_form": "Honduras" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "democratic constitutional republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Tegucigalpa", - "geographic_coordinates": "14 06 N, 87 13 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "none scheduled for 2013" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "18 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Atlantida, Choluteca, Colon, Comayagua, Copan, Cortes, El Paraiso, Francisco Morazan, Gracias a Dios, Intibuca, Islas de la Bahia, La Paz, Lempira, Ocotepeque, Olancho, Santa Barbara, Valle, Yoro" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "15 September 1821 (from Spain)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 15 September (1821)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "11 January 1982, effective 20 January 1982; amended many times" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Porfirio LOBO Sosa (since 27 January 2010); Vice President Maria Antonieta GUILLEN de Bogran (since 27 January 2010); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Porfirio LOBO Sosa (since 27 January 2010); Vice President Maria Antonieta GUILLEN de Bogran (since 27 January 2010)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by president", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held on 29 November 2009 (next to be held in November 2013)", - "election_results": "Porfirio LOBO Sosa elected president; percent of vote - Porfirio LOBO Sosa 56.3%, Elvin SANTOS Lozano 38.1%, other 5.6%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional (128 seats; members elected proportionally by department to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 29 November 2009 (next to be held in November 2013)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PNH 71, PL 45, DC 5, UD 4, PINU 3" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (9 principal judges - including the court president - and 7 alternates; court organized into civil, criminal, and labor chambers); note - the court has both judicial and constitutional jurisdiction", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "court president elected by his peers; judges elected by the National Congress from candidates proposed by the Nominating Board, a diverse 7-member group of judicial officials, other government and non-government officials selected by each of their organizations; judges elected by Congress for renewable, 7-year terms", - "subordinate_courts": "courts of appeal; courts of first instance; peace courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Anti-Corruption Party or PAC [Salvador NASRALLA]; Christian Democratic Party or DC [Felicito AVILA Ordonez]; Broad Political Electoral Front in Resistance or FAPER [Andres PAVON]; Democratic Unification Party or UD [Cesar HAM]; Freedom and Refounding Party or LIBRE [Jose Manuel ZELAYA Rosales]; Liberal Party or PL [Elvin SANTOS Brito]; National Party of Honduras or PNH [Ricardo ALVAREZ]; Social Democratic Innovation and Unity Party or PINU [Jorge Rafael AGUILAR Paredes]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Beverage and Related Industries Syndicate or STIBYS; Committee for the Defense of Human Rights in Honduras or CODEH; Confederation of Honduran Workers or CTH; Coordinating Committee of Popular Organizations or CCOP; General Workers Confederation or CGT; Honduran Council of Private Enterprise or COHEP; National Association of Honduran Campesinos or ANACH; National Union of Campesinos or UNC; Popular Bloc or BP; United Confederation of Honduran Workers or CUTH; United Farm Workers' Movement of the Aguan (MUCA)" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "BCIE, CACM, CD, CELAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC (suspended), IOM, IPU, ISO (subscriber), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, NAM, OAS (suspended), OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, SICA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO (suspended), WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Jorge Ramon HERNANDEZ Alcerro", - "chancery": "Suite 4-M, 3007 Tilden Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 966-2604", - "fax": "[1] (202) 966-9751", - "consulates_general": "Atlanta, Belmont (MA), Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, Phoenix, San Francisco" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Lisa J. KUBISKE", - "embassy": "Avenida La Paz, Apartado Postal No. 3453, Tegucigalpa", - "mailing_address": "American Embassy, APO AA 34022, Tegucigalpa", - "telephone": "[504] 2236-9320, 2238-5114", - "fax": "[504] 2236-9037" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue, with five blue, five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band; the stars represent the members of the former Federal Republic of Central America - Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua; the blue bands symbolize the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea; the white band represents the land between the two bodies of water and the peace and prosperity of its people", - "note": "similar to the flag of El Salvador, which features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom, centered in the white band" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "scarlet macaw; white-tailed deer" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Himno Nacional de Honduras\" (National Anthem of Honduras)", - "lyrics_music": "Augusto Constancio COELLO/Carlos HARTLING", - "note": "adopted 1915; the anthem's seven verses chronicle Honduran history; on official occasions, only the chorus and last verse are sung" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Honduras, the second poorest country in Central America, suffers from extraordinarily unequal distribution of income, as well as high underemployment. While historically dependent on the export of bananas and coffee, Honduras has diversified its export base to include apparel and automobile wire harnessing. Nearly half of Honduras's economic activity is directly tied to the US, with exports to the US accounting for 30% of GDP and remittances for another 20%. The US-Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) came into force in 2006 and has helped foster foreign direct investment, but physical and political insecurity, as well as crime and perceptions of corruption, may deter potential investors; about 70% of FDI is from US firms. The economy registered modest economic growth of 3.0%-4.0% from 2010 to 2012, insufficient to improve living standards for the nearly 65% of the population in poverty. An 18-month IMF Standby Arrangement expired in March 2012 and was not renewed, due to the country's growing budget deficit and weak current account performance. Public sector workers complained of not receiving their salaries in November and December 2012, and government suppliers are owed at least several hundred million dollars in unpaid contracts. The government announced in January 2013 that loss-making public enterprises will be forced to submit financial rescue plans before receiving their budget allotments for 2013." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$38.42 billion (2012 est.); $37.2 billion (2011 est.); $35.86 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$18.39 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.3% (2012 est.); 3.7% (2011 est.); 3.7% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$4,700 (2012 est.); $4,600 (2011 est.); $4,600 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "16% of GDP (2012 est.); 18.9% of GDP (2011 est.); 16.6% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "78.6%", - "government_consumption": "16.2%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "25.4%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.1%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "49%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-69.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "13.9%", - "industry": "27.7%", - "services": "58.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "bananas, coffee, citrus, corn, African palm; beef; timber; shrimp, tilapia, lobster" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "sugar, coffee, woven and knit apparel, wood products, cigars" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "3.437 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "39.2%", - "industry": "20.9%", - "services": "39.8% (2005 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "4.5% (2012 est.); 4.9% (2011 est.)", - "note": "about one-third of the people are underemployed" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "60% (2010 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "0.4%", - "highest_10%": "42.4% (2009 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "57.7 (2007); 53.8 (2003)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$3.074 billion", - "expenditures": "$4.169 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "16.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-6% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "34.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 32.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "5.2% (2012 est.); 6.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "6.25% (31 December 2010 est.); NA% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "18.45% (31 December 2012 est.); 18.56% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$1.913 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.154 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$9.112 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $8.127 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$10.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $9.576 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$1.661 billion (2012 est.); -$1.503 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$7.931 billion (2012 est.); $7.8 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "apparel, coffee, shrimp, automobile wire harnesses, cigars, bananas, gold, palm oil, fruit, lobster, lumber" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 40%, Germany 9.7%, El Salvador 6%, Belgium 5.9%, Guatemala 4.5%, Nicaragua 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$11.18 billion (2012 est.); $10.99 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and transport equipment, industrial raw materials, chemical products, fuels, foodstuffs" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "US 44.3%, Guatemala 8.5%, China 6%, El Salvador 5.6%, Mexico 5.5% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$2.533 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.793 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$4.782 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.452 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "lempiras (HNL) per US dollar -; 19.638 (2012 est.); 19.051 (2011 est.); 18.9 (2010 est.); 18.9 (2009); 18.983 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "6.326 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "4.8 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "46 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "100,000 kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "1.697 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "63.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "30.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "5.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "58,150 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "8,419 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "54,100 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "8.288 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "609,200 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "8.062 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "fixed-line connections are increasing but still limited; competition among multiple providers of mobile-cellular services is contributing to a sharp increase in subscribership", - "domestic": "beginning in 2003, private sub-operators allowed to provide fixed-lines in order to expand telephone coverage contributing to a small increase in fixed-line teledensity; mobile-cellular subscribership is roughly 100 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 504; landing point for both the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) and the MAYA-1 fiber-optic submarine cable system that together provide connectivity to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "multiple privately owned terrestrial TV networks, supplemented by multiple cable TV networks; Radio Honduras is the lone government-owned radio network; roughly 300 privately owned radio stations (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".hn" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "30,955 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "731,700 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "103 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "13", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "3", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", - "914_to_1_523_m": "4", - "under_914_m": "3 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "90", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "16", - "under_914_m": "73 (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "44 km", - "narrow_gauge": "44 km 1.067-m gauge", - "note": "(4 km are in use) (2012)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "14,742 km", - "paved": "3,367 km", - "unpaved": "11,375 km (1,543 km summer only)", - "note": "there are another 8,951 km of non-offical roads used by the coffee industry (2012)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "465 km (most navigable only by small craft) (2012)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "88", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 5, cargo 39, carrier 2, chemical tanker 5, container 1, passenger 4, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 21, refrigerated cargo 7, roll on/roll off 3", - "foreign_owned": "47 (Bahrain 5, Canada 1, Chile 1, China 2, Egypt 2, Greece 4, Israel 1, Japan 4, Lebanon 2, Montenegro 1, Panama 1, Singapore 11, South Korea 6, Taiwan 1, Thailand 2, UAE 1, UK 1, US 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "La Ceiba, Puerto Cortes, San Lorenzo, Tela" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Honduran Armed Forces (Fuerzas Armadas de Honduras, FFAA): Army, Navy (includes Naval Infantry), Honduran Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Hondurena, FAH) (2012)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary 2- to 3-year military service; no conscription (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,045,914", - "females_age_16_49": "1,991,418 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,525,578", - "females_age_16_49": "1,539,688 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "95,895", - "female": "92,087 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.5% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled on the delimitation of \"bolsones\" (disputed areas) along the El Salvador-Honduras border in 1992 with final settlement by the parties in 2006 after an Organization of American States survey and a further ICJ ruling in 2003; the 1992 ICJ ruling advised a tripartite resolution to a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca with consideration of Honduran access to the Pacific; El Salvador continues to claim tiny Conejo Island, not mentioned in the ICJ ruling, off Honduras in the Gulf of Fonseca; Honduras claims the Belizean-administered Sapodilla Cays off the coast of Belize in its constitution, but agreed to a joint ecological park around the cays should Guatemala consent to a maritime corridor in the Caribbean under the OAS-sponsored 2002 Belize-Guatemala Differendum" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Honduras is a source and transit country for men, women, and children subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor; Honduran women and girls, and, to a lesser extent, women and girls from neighboring countries, are forced into prostitution in urban and tourist centers; Honduran women and girls are also exploited in sex trafficking in other countries in the region, including Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, and the US; Honduran adults and children are subjected to forced labor in Guatemala, Mexico, and the US and domestically in agriculture and domestic service; gangs coerce some young men to transport drugs or be hit men", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Honduras does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government maintains limited law enforcement efforts against child sex trafficking offenders but has held no offenders accountable for the forced labor or forced prostitution of adults; most trafficking offenders are prosecuted under non-trafficking statutes that prescribe lower penalties; government efforts to identify, refer, and assist trafficking victims are inadequate, and most services for victims are provided by NGOs without government funding (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transshipment point for drugs and narcotics; illicit producer of cannabis, cultivated on small plots and used principally for local consumption; corruption is a major problem; some money-laundering activity" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america/ni-nicaragua.json b/central-america/ni-nicaragua.json deleted file mode 100644 index ab62fad5..00000000 --- a/central-america/ni-nicaragua.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,610 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The Pacific coast of Nicaragua was settled as a Spanish colony from Panama in the early 16th century. Independence from Spain was declared in 1821 and the country became an independent republic in 1838. Britain occupied the Caribbean Coast in the first half of the 19th century, but gradually ceded control of the region in subsequent decades. Violent opposition to governmental manipulation and corruption spread to all classes by 1978 and resulted in a short-lived civil war that brought the Marxist Sandinista guerrillas to power in 1979. Nicaraguan aid to leftist rebels in El Salvador caused the US to sponsor anti-Sandinista contra guerrillas through much of the 1980s. After losing free and fair elections in 1990, 1996, and 2001, former Sandinista President Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra was elected president in 2006 and reelected in 2011. The 2008 municipal elections, 2010 regional elections, November 2011 presidential elections, and 2012 municipal elections were marred by widespread irregularities. Nicaragua's infrastructure and economy - hard hit by the earlier civil war and by Hurricane Mitch in 1998 - are slowly being rebuilt, but democratic institutions have been weakened under the ORTEGA administration." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Central America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Costa Rica and Honduras" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "13 00 N, 85 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" - }, - "area": { - "total": "130,370 sq km", - "land": "119,990 sq km", - "water": "10,380 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than New York state" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,231 km", - "border_countries": "Costa Rica 309 km, Honduras 922 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "910 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "continental_shelf": "natural prolongation" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical in lowlands, cooler in highlands" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "extensive Atlantic coastal plains rising to central interior mountains; narrow Pacific coastal plain interrupted by volcanoes" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Mogoton 2,438 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "gold, silver, copper, tungsten, lead, zinc, timber, fish" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "14.57%", - "permanent_crops": "1.76%", - "other": "83.66% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "942.4 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "196.6 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "1.39 cu km/yr (23%/4%/73%)", - "per_capita": "265.9 cu m/yr (2008)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "destructive earthquakes; volcanoes; landslides; extremely susceptible to hurricanes", - "volcanism": "significant volcanic activity; Cerro Negro (elev. 728 m), which last erupted in 1999, is one of Nicaragua's most active volcanoes; its lava flows and ash have been known to cause significant damage to farmland and buildings; other historically active volcanoes include Concepcion, Cosiguina, Las Pilas, Masaya, Momotombo, San Cristobal, and Telica" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "largest country in Central America; contains the largest freshwater body in Central America, Lago de Nicaragua" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Nicaraguan(s)", - "adjective": "Nicaraguan" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 69%, white 17%, black 9%, Amerindian 5%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Spanish (official) 97.5%, Miskito 1.7%, other 0.8% (1995 census)", - "note": "English and indigenous languages found on the Atlantic coast" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 58.5%, Protestant 23.2% (Evangelical 21.6%, Moravian 1.6%), Jehovah's Witnesses 0.9%, other 1.7%, none 15.7% (2005 census)" - }, - "demographic_profile": { - "text": "Despite being one of the poorest countries in Latin America, Nicaragua has improved its access to potable water and sanitation and has ameliorated its life expectancy, infant and child mortality, and immunization rates. However, income distribution is very uneven, and the poor, agriculturalists, and indigenous people continue to have less access to healthcare services. Nicaragua's total fertility rate has fallen from around 6 children per woman in 1980 to just above replacement level today, but the high birth rate among adolescents perpetuates a cycle of poverty and low educational attainment. Nicaraguans emigrate primarily to Costa Rica and to a lesser extent the United States. Nicaraguan men have been migrating seasonally to Costa Rica to harvest bananas and coffee since the early 20th century. Political turmoil, civil war, and natural disasters from the 1970s through the 1990s dramatically increased the flow of refugees and permanent migrants seeking jobs, higher wages, and better social and healthcare benefits. Since 2000, Nicaraguan emigration to Costa Rica has slowed and stabilized. Today roughly 300,000 Nicaraguans are permanent residents of Costa Rica - about 75% of the foreign population - and thousands more migrate seasonally for work, many illegally." - }, - "population": { - "text": "5,788,531 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "30% (male 886,490/female 852,690)", - "15_24_years": "22.5% (male 653,868/female 651,076)", - "25_54_years": "37.4% (male 1,024,395/female 1,143,011)", - "55_64_years": "5.2% (male 141,026/female 162,159)", - "65_years_and_over": "4.7% (male 123,878/female 149,938) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "59.9 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "52.5 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "7.4 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "13.5 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "23.7 years", - "male": "22.8 years", - "female": "24.6 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.05% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "18.77 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "5.06 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-3.26 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "57% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "MANAGUA (capital) 934,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.9 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.87 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.83 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.96 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "19.7", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2007 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "95 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "21.09 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "24.19 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "17.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "72.45 years", - "male": "70.32 years", - "female": "74.68 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.03 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "72.4% (2006/07)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "9.1% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.37 physicians/1,000 population (2003)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.8 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 68% of population; total: 85% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 32% of population; total: 15% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 63% of population; rural: 37% of population; total: 52% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 37% of population; rural: 63% of population; total: 48% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.2% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "6,900 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 500 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_disease": "dengue fever and malaria (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "22.2% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "5.7% (2007)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "4.7% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "78%", - "male": "78.1%", - "female": "77.9% (2005 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "11 years", - "male": "11 years", - "female": "11 years (2003)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "223,992", - "percentage": "14 %", - "note": "data represents children ages 5-17 (2005 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "8.6%", - "male": "8.1%", - "female": "9.7% (2006)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Nicaragua", - "conventional_short_form": "Nicaragua", - "local_long_form": "Republica de Nicaragua", - "local_short_form": "Nicaragua" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Managua", - "geographic_coordinates": "12 08 N, 86 15 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "15 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 2 autonomous regions* (regiones autonomistas, singular - region autonoma); Atlantico Norte*, Atlantico Sur*, Boaco, Carazo, Chinandega, Chontales, Esteli, Granada, Jinotega, Leon, Madriz, Managua, Masaya, Matagalpa, Nueva Segovia, Rio San Juan, Rivas" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "15 September 1821 (from Spain)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 15 September (1821)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "9 January 1987; revised in 1995, 2000, and 2005" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system; Supreme Court may review administrative acts" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "16 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra (since 10 January 2007); Vice President Moises Omar HALLESLEVENS Acevedo (since 10 January 2012); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra (since 10 January 2007); Vice President Moises Omar HALLESLEVENS Acevedo (since 10 January 2012)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president", - "elections": "president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held on 6 November 2011 (next to be held by November 2016)", - "election_results": "Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra reelected president; percent of vote - Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra 62.5%, Fabio GADEA 31%, Arnoldo ALEMAN 5.9%, other 0.6%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (92 seats; 90 members elected by proportional representation and party lists to serve five-year terms; 1 seat for the previous president, 1 seat for the runner-up in previous presidential election)", - "elections": "last held on 6 November 2011 (next to be held by November 2016)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FSLN 64, PLI/MRS 26, PLC 2" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Corte Suprema de Justicia ( consists of 16 judges organized into administrative, civil, criminal, and constitutional chambers)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges elected by the National Assembly to serve 5-year staggered terms", - "subordinate_courts": "Appeals Court; first instance civil, criminal, and military courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Alliance for the Republic or APRE [Carlos CANALES]; Conservative Party or PC [Alejandro BOLANOS Davis]; Independent Liberal Party or PLI [Indalecio RODRIGUEZ]; Liberal Constitutionalist Party or PLC [Maria Haydee OSUNA]; Nicaraguan Liberal Alliance or ALN [Alejandro MEJIA Ferreti]; Sandinista National Liberation Front or FSLN [Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra]; Sandinista Renovation Movement or MRS [Ana Margarita VIJIL]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "National Workers Front or FNT (a Sandinista umbrella group of eight labor unions including: Farm Workers Association or ATC, Health Workers Federation or FETASALUD, Heroes and Martyrs Confederation of Professional Associations or CONAPRO, National Association of Educators of Nicaragua or ANDEN, National Union of Employees or UNE, National Union of Farmers and Ranchers or UNAG, Sandinista Workers Central or CST, and Union of Journalists of Nicaragua or UPN); Permanent Congress of Workers or CPT (an umbrella group of four non-Sandinista labor unions including: Autonomous Nicaraguan Workers Central or CTN-A, Confederation of Labor Unification or CUS, Independent General Confederation of Labor or CGT-I, and Labor Action and Unity Central or CAUS); Nicaraguan Workers' Central or CTN (an independent labor union); Superior Council of Private Enterprise or COSEP (a confederation of business groups)" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "BCIE, CACM, CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, LAIA (observer), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, SICA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Francisco Obadiah CAMPBELL Hooker", - "chancery": "1627 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 939-6570, 6573", - "fax": "[1] (202) 939-6545", - "consulates_general": "Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Phyllis M. POWERS", - "embassy": "Kilometer 5.5 Carretera Sur, Managua", - "mailing_address": "American Embassy Managua, APO AA 34021", - "telephone": "[505] 2252-7100, 2252-7888; 2252-7634 (after hours)", - "fax": "[505] 2252-7250" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on the top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; the banner is based on the former blue-white-blue flag of the Federal Republic of Central America; the blue bands symbolize the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, while the white band represents the land between the two bodies of water", - "note": "similar to the flag of El Salvador, which features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "turquoise-browed motmot (bird)" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Salve a ti, Nicaragua\" (Hail to Thee, Nicaragua)", - "lyrics_music": "Salomon Ibarra MAYORGA/traditional, arranged by Luis Abraham DELGADILLO", - "note": "although only officially adopted in 1971, the music was approved in 1918 and the lyrics in 1939; the tune, originally from Spain, was used as an anthem for Nicaragua from the 1830's until 1876" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Nicaragua, the poorest country in Central America and the second poorest in the Western Hemisphere, has widespread underemployment and poverty. The Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) has been in effect since April 2006 and has expanded export opportunities for many agricultural and manufactured goods. Textiles and agriculture combined account for nearly 50% of Nicaragua's exports. The ORTEGA administration's promotion of mixed business initiatives, owned by the Nicaraguan and Venezuelan state oil firms, together with the weak rule of law, could undermine the investment climate for domestic and international private firms in the near-term. Nicaragua relied on an IMF external credit facility to meet internal- and external-debt financing obligations. The most recent IMF program ended in 2011 and Nicaragua is currently in negotiations for a new program. Nicaragua depends heavily on foreign development assistance, however, donors have curtailed this funding in response to November 2008 and subsequent electoral fraud. Nicaragua still struggles with a high public debt burden, however, it succeeded in reducing that burden in 2011. The economy grew at a rate of about 4% in 2012." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$27.1 billion (2012 est.); $25.76 billion (2011 est.); $24.43 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$10.51 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "5.2% (2012 est.); 5.4% (2011 est.); 3.6% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$4,500 (2012 est.); $4,400 (2011 est.); $4,200 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "86.1%", - "government_consumption": "10.3%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "32.8%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "39.8%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-69.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "17.3%", - "industry": "25.9%", - "services": "56.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "coffee, bananas, sugarcane, rice, corn, tobacco, sesame, soya, beans; beef, veal, pork, poultry, dairy products; shrimp, lobsters, cotton" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "food processing, chemicals, machinery and metal products, knit and woven apparel, petroleum refining and distribution, beverages, footwear, wood, electric wire harness manufacturing, mining" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "2.961 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "28%", - "industry": "19%", - "services": "53% (2010 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "7.4% (2012 est.); 7.3% (2011 est.)", - "note": "underemployment was 46.5% in 2008" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "42.5% (2009)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1.4%", - "highest_10%": "41.8% (2005)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "40.5 (2010); 60.3 (1998)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$2.728 billion", - "expenditures": "$2.752 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "26% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-0.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "59.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 61.4% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "official data; data cover general Government Debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by Government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions; Nicaragua rebased its GDP figures in 2012, which reduced the figures for debt as a percentage of GDP" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "7.2% (2012 est.); 8.1% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "3% (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "11.99% (31 December 2012 est.); 10.54% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$1.31 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.125 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$3.136 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $2.924 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$4.567 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.197 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$1.476 billion (2012 est.); -$1.259 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$4.157 billion (2012 est.); $3.655 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "coffee, beef, gold, sugar, peanuts, shrimp and lobster, tobacco, cigars, automobile wiring harnesses, textiles, apparel, cotton" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 54%, Canada 8.4%, Venezuela 7.4%, El Salvador 4.5% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$6.45 billion (2012 est.); $5.836 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "consumer goods, machinery and equipment, raw materials, petroleum products" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "US 18.8%, Venezuela 14.4%, Mexico 12.1%, Costa Rica 8.8%, China 7.8%, Guatemala 7.6%, El Salvador 5.1% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$1.887 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.892 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$7.926 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $7.309 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "cordobas (NIO) per US dollar -; 23.547 (2012 est.); 22.424 (2011 est.); 21.356 (2010 est.); 20.34 (2009); 19.374 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "3.824 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "2.941 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "40,560 kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "9,930 kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "1.108 million kW (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "66% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "9.5% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "24.5% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "16,020 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "14,680 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "30,690 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "999.6 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "15,830 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "4.825 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "287,600 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "4.822 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "system being upgraded by foreign investment; nearly all installed telecommunications capacity now uses digital technology, owing to investments since privatization of the formerly state-owned telecommunications company", - "domestic": "since privatization, access to fixed-line and mobile-cellular services has improved; fixed-line teledensity roughly 5 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone subscribership has increased to roughly 85 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 505; the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) fiber optic submarine cable provides connectivity to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth stations - 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region) and 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "multiple privately owned terrestrial TV networks, supplemented by cable TV in most urban areas; of more than 100 radio stations, nearly all are privately owned; Radio Nicaragua is government-owned and Radio Sandino is controlled by the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ni" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "296,068 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "199,800 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "147 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "12", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "3", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2", - "914_to_1_523_m": "3", - "under_914_m": "4 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "135", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "15", - "under_914_m": "119 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "oil 54 km (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "19,137 km", - "paved": "2,033 km", - "unpaved": "17,104 km (2009)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "2,220 km (navigable waterways as well as the use of the large Lake Managua and Lake Nicaragua; rivers serve only the sparsely populated eastern part of the country) (2011)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Bluefields, Corinto" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "National Army of Nicaragua (Ejercito Nacional de Nicaragua, ENN; includes Navy, Air Force) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; tour of duty 18-36 months; requires Nicaraguan nationality and 6th-grade education (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,452,107", - "females_age_16_49": "1,552,698 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,227,757", - "females_age_16_49": "1,335,653 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "69,093", - "female": "67,522 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.9% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "the 1992 ICJ ruling for El Salvador and Honduras advised a tripartite resolution to establish a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca, which considers Honduran access to the Pacific; legal dispute over navigational rights of San Juan River on border with Costa Rica" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transshipment point for cocaine destined for the US and transshipment point for arms-for-drugs dealing" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america/pa-panama.json b/central-america/pa-panama.json deleted file mode 100644 index 8a6f0862..00000000 --- a/central-america/pa-panama.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,631 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Explored and settled by the Spanish in the 16th century, Panama broke with Spain in 1821 and joined a union of Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela - named the Republic of Gran Colombia. When the latter dissolved in 1830, Panama remained part of Colombia. With US backing, Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903 and promptly signed a treaty with the US allowing for the construction of a canal and US sovereignty over a strip of land on either side of the structure (the Panama Canal Zone). The Panama Canal was built by the US Army Corps of Engineers between 1904 and 1914. In 1977, an agreement was signed for the complete transfer of the Canal from the US to Panama by the end of the century. Certain portions of the Zone and increasing responsibility over the Canal were turned over in the subsequent decades. With US help, dictator Manuel NORIEGA was deposed in 1989. The entire Panama Canal, the area supporting the Canal, and remaining US military bases were transferred to Panama by the end of 1999. In October 2006, Panamanians approved an ambitious plan (estimated to cost $5.3 billion) to expand the Canal. The project, which began in 2007 and could double the Canal's capacity, is expected to be completed in 2015." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Central America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Colombia and Costa Rica" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "9 00 N, 80 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" - }, - "area": { - "total": "75,420 sq km", - "land": "74,340 sq km", - "water": "1,080 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than South Carolina" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "555 km", - "border_countries": "Colombia 225 km, Costa Rica 330 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "2,490 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm or edge of continental margin" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical maritime; hot, humid, cloudy; prolonged rainy season (May to January), short dry season (January to May)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "interior mostly steep, rugged mountains and dissected, upland plains; coastal areas largely plains and rolling hills" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Volcan Baru 3,475 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "copper, mahogany forests, shrimp, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "7.16%", - "permanent_crops": "2.51%", - "other": "90.33% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "346.2 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "148 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.91 cu km/yr (27%/2%/71%)", - "per_capita": "296.1 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "occasional severe storms and forest fires in the Darien area" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "water pollution from agricultural runoff threatens fishery resources; deforestation of tropical rain forest; land degradation and soil erosion threatens siltation of Panama Canal; air pollution in urban areas; mining threatens natural resources" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Marine Life Conservation" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location on eastern end of isthmus forming land bridge connecting North and South America; controls Panama Canal that links North Atlantic Ocean via Caribbean Sea with North Pacific Ocean" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Panamanian(s)", - "adjective": "Panamanian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 70%, Amerindian and mixed (West Indian) 14%, white 10%, Amerindian 6%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Spanish (official), English 14%", - "note": "many Panamanians are bilingual" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant 15%" - }, - "demographic_profile": { - "text": "Panama is a country of demographic and economic contrasts. It is in the midst of a demographic transition, characterized by steadily declining rates of fertility, mortality, and population growth, but disparities persist based on wealth, geography, and ethnicity. Panama has one of the fastest growing economies in Latin America and dedicates substantial funding to social programs, yet poverty and inequality remain prevalent. The indigenous population accounts for a growing share of Panama's poor and extreme poor, while the non-indigenous rural poor have been more successful at rising out of poverty through rural-to-urban labor migration. The government's large expenditures on untargeted, indirect subsidies for water, electricity, and fuel have been ineffective, but its conditional cash transfer program has shown some promise in helping to decrease extreme poverty among the indigenous population. Panama has expanded access to education and clean water, but the availability of sanitation and, to a lesser extent, electricity remains poor. The increase in secondary schooling - led by female enrollment - is spreading to rural and indigenous areas, which probably will help to alleviate poverty if educational quality and the availability of skilled jobs improve. Inadequate access to sanitation contributes to a high incidence of diarrhea in Panama's children, which is one of the main causes of Panama's elevated chronic malnutrition rate, especially among indigenous communities." - }, - "population": { - "text": "3,559,408 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "27.7% (male 503,633/female 483,145)", - "15_24_years": "17.4% (male 315,918/female 304,056)", - "25_54_years": "40% (male 721,225/female 703,459)", - "55_64_years": "7.3% (male 127,743/female 130,899)", - "65_years_and_over": "7.6% (male 124,409/female 144,921) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "55.1 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "43.9 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "11.2 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "8.9 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "28 years", - "male": "27.6 years", - "female": "28.4 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.38% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "18.91 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "4.73 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.35 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "75% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "PANAMA CITY (capital) 1.346 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.86 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.02 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "21.1 (1976 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "92 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "11.01 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "11.77 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "10.21 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "78.13 years", - "male": "75.35 years", - "female": "81.04 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.4 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "52.2% (2009)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "8.1% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.5 physicians/1,000 population (2000)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "2.2 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 97% of population; rural: 83% of population; total: 93% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 3% of population; rural: 17% of population; total: 7% of population (2008 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 75% of population; rural: 51% of population; total: 69% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 25% of population; rural: 49% of population; total: 31% of population (2008 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.9% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "20,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "1,500 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "intermediate", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea", - "vectorborne_disease": "dengue fever (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "25.4% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "3.9% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "4.1% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "94.1%", - "male": "94.7%", - "female": "93.5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "13 years", - "male": "13 years", - "female": "14 years (2010)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "59,294", - "percentage": "7 %", - "note": "data represents children ages 5-17 (2010 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "14.6%", - "male": "11.2%", - "female": "12.4% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Panama", - "conventional_short_form": "Panama", - "local_long_form": "Republica de Panama", - "local_short_form": "Panama" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "constitutional democracy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Panama City", - "geographic_coordinates": "8 58 N, 79 32 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "9 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 3 indigenous territories* (comarcas); Bocas del Toro, Chiriqui, Cocle, Colon, Darien, Embera-Wounaan*, Herrera, Kuna Yala*, Los Santos, Ngobe-Bugle*, Panama, Veraguas" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "3 November 1903 (from Colombia; became independent from Spain on 28 November 1821)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 3 November (1903)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "11 October 1972; revised several times" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Justice" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Ricardo MARTINELLI Berrocal (since 1 July 2009); Vice President Juan Carlos VARELA Rodriguez (since 1 July 2009); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Ricardo MARTINELLI Berrocal (since 1 July 2009); Vice President Juan Carlos VARELA Rodriguez (since 1 July 2009)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president", - "elections": "president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms (president not eligible for immediate reelection and must sit out two additional terms (10 years) before becoming eligible for reelection); election last held on 3 May 2009 (next to be held in May 2014)", - "election_results": "Ricardo MARTINELLI Berrocal elected president; percent of vote - Ricardo MARTINELLI Berrocal 60%, Balbina HERRERA 38%, Guillermo ENDARA Galimany 2%", - "note": "the ruling government coalition - formerly comprised of CD (Democratic Change), Panamenista Party, MOLIRENA (Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement), and UP (Patriotic Union Party) - split in August 2011 when President MARTINELLI relieved Vice President VARELA from his position as Foreign Minister prompting the Panamenistas to pull out of the coalition; UP has now merged with CD, and CD and the Panamenista Party will now run separate candidates for the presidency in 2014" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (71 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 3 May 2009 (next to be held in May 2014)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PRD 26, Panamenista 22, CD 14, UP 4, MOLIRENA 2, PP 1, independents 2; note - changes in political affiliation now reflect the following seat distribution: as of 13 February 2013 - seats by party - CD 36, PRD 17, Panamenista 13, MOLIRENA 4, PP 1", - "note": "legislators from outlying rural districts are chosen on a plurality basis while districts located in more populous towns and cities elect multiple legislators by means of a proportion-based formula" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (consists of 9 magistrates and 9 alternates and divided into civil, criminal, administrative, and general business chambers)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "magistrates appointed by the president for staggered 10-year terms", - "subordinate_courts": "appellate courts or Tribunal Superior; Labor Supreme Courts; Court of Audit; circuit courts or Tribunal Circuital (2 each in 9 provinces); municipal courts; electoral, family, maritime, and adolescent courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Democratic Change or CD [Ricardo MARTINELLI Berrocal]; Democratic Revolutionary Party or PRD [Juan Carlos NAVARRO Quelquejeu]; Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement or MOLIRENA [Sergio GONZALEZ-Ruiz]; Panamenista Party [Juan Carlos VARELA Rodriguez] (formerly the Arnulfista Party); Popular Party or PP [Milton HENRIQUEZ] (formerly Christian Democratic Party or PDC); ", - "note": "The Patriotic Union Party (UP) has merged with Democratic Change (CD)" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Chamber of Commerce; Concertacion Nacional (mechanism for government of Panama to formally dialogue with representatives of civil society); National Council of Organized Workers or CONATO; National Council of Private Enterprise or CONEP; National Union of Construction and Similar Workers (SUNTRACS); Panamanian Association of Business Executives or APEDE; Panamanian Industrialists Society or SIP; Workers Confederation of the Republic of Panama or CTRP" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "BCIE, CAN (observer), CD, CELAC, CSN (observer), FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, SICA, UN, UNASUR (observer), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Mario Ernesto JARAMILLO Castillo", - "chancery": "2862 McGill Terrace NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 483-1407", - "fax": "[1] (202) 483-8413", - "consulates_general": "Honolulu, Houston, Miami, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, San Diego, Tampa" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Jonathan D. FARRAR", - "embassy": "Edificio 783, Avenida Demetrio Basilio Lakas Panama, Apartado Postal 0816-02561, Zona 5, Panama City", - "mailing_address": "American Embassy Panama, Unit 0945, APO AA 34002; American Embassy Panama, 9100 Panama City PL, Washington, DC 20521-9100", - "telephone": "[507] 317-5000", - "fax": "[507] 317-5568" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "divided into four, equal rectangles; the top quadrants are white (hoist side) with a blue five-pointed star in the center and plain red; the bottom quadrants are plain blue (hoist side) and white with a red five-pointed star in the center; the blue and red colors are those of the main political parties (Conservatives and Liberals respectively) and the white denotes peace between them; the blue star stands for the civic virtues of purity and honesty, the red star signifies authority and law" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "harpy eagle" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Himno Istemno\" (Isthmus Hymn)", - "lyrics_music": "Jeronimo DE LA OSSA/Santos A. JORGE", - "note": "adopted 1925" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Panama's dollar-based economy rests primarily on a well-developed services sector that accounts for more than three-quarters of GDP. Services include operating the Panama Canal, logistics, banking, the Colon Free Zone, insurance, container ports, flagship registry, and tourism. Economic growth will be bolstered by the Panama Canal expansion project that began in 2007 and is estimated to be completed by 2015 at a cost of $5.3 billion - about 10-15% of current GDP. The expansion project will more than double the Canal's capacity, enabling it to accommodate ships that are too large to traverse the existing canal. The United States and China are the top users of the Canal. Panama is also constructing a metro system in Panama City, valued at $1.2 billion and scheduled to be completed by 2014. Panama''s booming transportation and logistics services sectors, along with aggressive infrastructure development projects, have lead the economy to continued high growth in 2012. Foreign investment, at around 10% of GDP in both 2011 and 2012, has continued to be a source of growth. Strong economic performance has not translated into broadly shared prosperity, as Panama has the second worst income distribution in Latin America. About 30% of the population lives in poverty; however, from 2006 to 2012 poverty was reduced by 10 percentage points, while unemployment dropped from 12% to 4.4% of the labor force in 2012. The US-Panama Trade Promotion Agreement was approved by Congress and signed into law in October 2011, and entered into force in October 2012. Panama also achieved removal from the Organization of Economic Development''s gray-list of tax havens by signing various double taxation treaties with other nations." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$58.02 billion (2012 est.); $52.42 billion (2011 est.); $47.29 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$36.25 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "10.7% (2012 est.); 10.8% (2011 est.); 7.5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$15,900 (2012 est.); $14,600 (2011 est.); $13,400 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "58.3%", - "government_consumption": "12.7%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "28.9%", - "investment_in_inventories": "1%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "83.4%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-84.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "3.8%", - "industry": "17.5%", - "services": "78.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "bananas, rice, corn, coffee, sugarcane, vegetables; livestock; shrimp" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "construction, brewing, cement and other construction materials, sugar milling" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "15.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "1.517 million", - "note": "shortage of skilled labor, but an oversupply of unskilled labor (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "17%", - "industry": "18.6%", - "services": "64.4% (2009 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "4.4% (2012 est.); 4.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "26% (2012 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1.1%", - "highest_10%": "40.1% (2010 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "51.9 (2010 est.); 56.1 (2003)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$9.07 billion", - "expenditures": "$9.835 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "25% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-2.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "39.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 40.57% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "5.7% (2012 est.); 5.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "6.91% (31 December 2012 est.); 6.91% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$7.685 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.307 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$29.72 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $25.73 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$32.27 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $28.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$10.68 billion (31 December 2011); $10.92 billion (31 December 2010); $8.048 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$4.191 billion (2012 est.); -$3.892 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$18.91 billion (2012 est.); $16.93 billion (2011 est.)", - "note": "includes the Colon Free Zone" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "gold, bananas, shrimp, sugar, iron and steel waste, pineapples, watermelons" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "South Korea 15.7%, US 14.9%, Japan 8.3%, Honduras 7.8%, Indonesia 5.9%, Thailand 5.3% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$24.69 billion (2012 est.); $22.95 billion (2011 est.)", - "note": "includes the Colon Free Zone" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "fuel products, medicines, vehicles, iron and steel rods, cellular phones" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "US 23.6%, China 6.4%, Costa Rica 4.6%, Mexico 4.4% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$3.303 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.304 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$14.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $12.58 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "balboas (PAB) per US dollar -; 1 (2012 est.); 1 (2011 est.); 1 (2010 est.); 1 (2009); 1 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "6.546 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "5.805 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "39 million kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "71 million kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "1.815 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "51.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "48.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2010 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "98,890 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "46,370 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "15.46 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "560,200 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "6.735 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "domestic and international facilities well-developed", - "domestic": "mobile-cellular telephone subscribership has increased rapidly", - "international": "country code - 507; landing point for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1), the MAYA-1, and PAN-AM submarine cable systems that together provide links to the US and parts of the Caribbean, Central America, and South America; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to the Central American Microwave System (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "multiple privately owned TV networks and a government-owned educational TV station; multi-channel cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; more than 100 commercial radio stations (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".pa" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "11,022 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "959,800 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "117 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "57", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "3", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", - "914_to_1_523_m": "20", - "under_914_m": "30 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "60", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "8", - "under_914_m": "51 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "3 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "oil 128 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "76 km", - "standard_gauge": "76 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "11,978 km", - "paved": "4,300 km", - "unpaved": "7,678 km (2002)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "800 km (includes the 82-km Panama Canal that is being widened) (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "6,413", - "by_type": "barge carrier 1, bulk carrier 2,525, cargo 1,115, carrier 27, chemical tanker 588, combination ore/oil 1, container 742, liquefied gas 205, passenger 42, passenger/cargo 51, petroleum tanker 545, refrigerated cargo 191, roll on/roll off 87, specialized tanker 3, vehicle carrier 290", - "foreign_owned": "5,162 (Albania 4, Argentina 5, Australia 4, Bahamas 6, Bangladesh 5, Belgium 1, Bermuda 27, Brazil 3, Bulgaria 6, Burma 3, Canada 6, Chile 14, China 534, Colombia 2, Croatia 2, Cuba 2, Cyprus 5, Denmark 41, Ecuador 3, Egypt 11, Finland 2, France 7, Gabon 1, Germany 24, Gibraltar 1, Greece 379, Hong Kong 144, India 24, Indonesia 10, Iran 5, Ireland 1, Israel 1, Italy 25, Japan 2372, Jordan 11, Kuwait 12, Lebanon 2, Lithuania 3, Luxembourg 1, Malaysia 12, Maldives 2, Malta 2, Mexico 5, Monaco 11, Netherlands 6, Nigeria 6, Norway 81, Oman 10, Pakistan 3, Peru 9, Philippines 5, Portugal 10, Qatar 1, Romania 3, Russia 49, Saudi Arabia 11, Singapore 92, South Korea 373, Spain 30, Sweden 2, Switzerland 15, Syria 34, Taiwan 328, Tanzania 2, Thailand 6, Turkey 62, UAE 83, UK 37, Ukraine 8, US 90, Venezuela 13, Vietnam 43, Yemen 4)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "1 (Honduras 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Balboa, Colon, Cristobal" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "no regular military forces; Panamanian Public Security Forces (subordinate to the Ministry of Public Security), comprising the National Police (PNP), National Air-Naval Service (SENAN), National Border Service (SENAFRONT) (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "890,006 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "731,254", - "females_age_16_49": "728,329 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "32,142", - "female": "30,879 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1% of GDP (2012)" - }, - "military_note": { - "text": "on 10 February 1990, the government of then President ENDARA abolished Panama's military and reformed the security apparatus by creating the Panamanian Public Forces; in October 1994, Panama's Legislative Assembly approved a constitutional amendment prohibiting the creation of a standing military force but allowing the temporary establishment of special police units to counter acts of \"external aggression\"" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "organized illegal narcotics operations in Colombia operate within the remote border region with Panama" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "15,723 (Colombia) (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "major cocaine transshipment point and primary money-laundering center for narcotics revenue; money-laundering activity is especially heavy in the Colon Free Zone; offshore financial center; negligible signs of coca cultivation; monitoring of financial transactions is improving; official corruption remains a major problem" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america/sv-el-salvador.json b/central-america/sv-el-salvador.json deleted file mode 100644 index b8b3a758..00000000 --- a/central-america/sv-el-salvador.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,625 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "El Salvador achieved independence from Spain in 1821 and from the Central American Federation in 1839. A 12-year civil war, which cost about 75,000 lives, was brought to a close in 1992 when the government and leftist rebels signed a treaty that provided for military and political reforms." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Central America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and Honduras" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "13 50 N, 88 55 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" - }, - "area": { - "total": "21,041 sq km", - "land": "20,721 sq km", - "water": "320 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Massachusetts" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "545 km", - "border_countries": "Guatemala 203 km, Honduras 342 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "307 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in uplands" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly mountains with narrow coastal belt and central plateau" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Cerro El Pital 2,730 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "hydropower, geothermal power, petroleum, arable land" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "31.61%", - "permanent_crops": "10.93%", - "other": "57.46% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "449.9 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "25.23 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "1.84 cu km/yr (22%/14%/64%)", - "per_capita": "301.9 cu m/yr (2007)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity; extremely susceptible to hurricanes", - "volcanism": "significant volcanic activity; San Salvador (elev. 1,893 m), which last erupted in 1917, has the potential to cause major harm to the country's capital, which lies just below the volcano's slopes; San Miguel (elev. 2,130 m), which last erupted in 2002, is one of the most active volcanoes in the country; other historically active volcanoes include Conchaguita, Ilopango, Izalco, and Santa Ana" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution; contamination of soils from disposal of toxic wastes" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Law of the Sea" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "smallest Central American country and only one without a coastline on Caribbean Sea" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Salvadoran(s)", - "adjective": "Salvadoran" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "mestizo 86.3%, white 12.7%, Amerindian 1% (2007 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Spanish (official), Nahua (among some Amerindians)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 57.1%, Protestant 21.2%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.9%, Mormon 0.7%, other religions 2.3%, none 16.8% (2003 est.)" - }, - "demographic_profile": { - "text": "El Salvador is the smallest and most densely populated country in Central America. It is well into its demographic transition, experiencing slower population growth, a decline in its number of youths, and the gradual aging of its population. The increased use of family planning has substantially lowered El Salvador's fertility rate, from approximately 6 children per woman in the 1970s to replacement level today. A 2008 national family planning survey showed that female sterilization remained the most common contraception method in El Salvador - its sterilization rate is among the highest in Latin America and the Caribbean - but that the use of injectable contraceptives is growing. Fertility differences between rich and poor and urban and rural women are narrowing. Salvadorans fled during the 1979 to 1992 civil war mainly to the United States but also to Canada and to neighboring Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. Emigration to the United States increased again in the 1990s and 2000s as a result of deteriorating economic conditions, natural disasters (Hurricane Mitch in 1998 and earthquakes in 2001), and family reunification. At least 20% of El Salvador's population lives abroad. The remittances they send home account for close to 20% of GDP, are the second largest source of external income after exports, and have helped reduce poverty." - }, - "population": { - "text": "6,108,590 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "28.9% (male 905,236/female 859,468)", - "15_24_years": "20.9% (male 638,938/female 635,460)", - "25_54_years": "37% (male 1,037,173/female 1,224,227)", - "55_64_years": "6.5% (male 179,374/female 217,472)", - "65_years_and_over": "6.7% (male 182,773/female 228,469) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "59 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "47.6 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "11.3 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "8.8 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "25.1 years", - "male": "23.7 years", - "female": "26.6 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.29% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "17.12 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "5.65 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-8.61 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "64% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "SAN SALVADOR (capital) 1.605 million (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.85 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.83 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.8 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.93 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "20.8 (2008 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "81 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "19.05 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "21.12 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "16.87 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "73.93 years", - "male": "70.66 years", - "female": "77.37 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.99 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "72.5%", - "note": "percent of women aged 15-44 (2008)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "6.9% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.6 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 94% of population; rural: 76% of population; total: 88% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 6% of population; rural: 24% of population; total: 12% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 89% of population; rural: 83% of population; total: 87% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 11% of population; rural: 17% of population; total: 13% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.8% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "34,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "1,400 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea", - "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "25.8% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "6.6% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "3.4% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "84.5%", - "male": "87.1%", - "female": "82.3% (2010 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "12 years", - "male": "12 years", - "female": "12 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "179,303", - "percentage": "4 %", - "note": "data represents children ages 5-17 (2007 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "11.4%", - "male": "13%", - "female": "8.3% (2007)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of El Salvador", - "conventional_short_form": "El Salvador", - "local_long_form": "Republica de El Salvador", - "local_short_form": "El Salvador" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "San Salvador", - "geographic_coordinates": "13 42 N, 89 12 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "none scheduled for 2013" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "14 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Ahuachapan, Cabanas, Chalatenango, Cuscatlan, La Libertad, La Paz, La Union, Morazan, San Miguel, San Salvador, San Vicente, Santa Ana, Sonsonate, Usulutan" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "15 September 1821 (from Spain)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 15 September (1821)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "20 December 1983" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system with minor common law influence; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Carlos Mauricio FUNES Cartagena (since 1 June 2009); Vice President Salvador SANCHEZ CEREN (since 1 June 2009); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Carlos Mauricio FUNES Cartagena (since 1 June 2009); Vice President Salvador SANCHEZ CEREN (since 1 June 2009)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers selected by the president", - "elections": "president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a single five-year term; election last held on 15 March 2009 (next to be held in February 2014)", - "election_results": "Mauricio FUNES Cartagena elected president; percent of vote - Mauricio FUNES Cartagena 51.3%, Rodrigo AVILA 48.7%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa (84 seats; members elected by direct, popular vote to serve three-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 11 March 2012 (next to be held in 2015)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ARENA 33, FMLN 31, GANA 11, CN 7, PES 1, PCD 1; note - changes in party affiliation now reflect the following seat distribution: as of 8 May 2013 - FMLN 31, ARENA 28, GANA 11, CN 7, Unidos por El Salvador 5, CD 1, PDC 1" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (consists of 15 judges assigned to constitutional, civil, penal, and administrative conflict divisions)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges elected by the Legislative Assembly on the recommendation of the National Council of the Judicature, an independent body elected by the Legislative Assembly; judges elected for single, 9-year terms with renewal of one-third of judges every 3 years.", - "subordinate_courts": "Chambers of Second Instance; Courts of First Instance; Courts of Peace" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Democratic Change (Cambio Democratico) or CD [Tomas CHEVEZ] (formerly United Democratic Center or CDU); Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front or FMLN [Medardo GONZALEZ]; Great Alliance for National Unity or GANA [Andres ROVIRA]; National Coalition (Concertation Nacional) or CN [Ciro CRUZ ZEPEDA] (formerly the National Conciliation Party or PCN); Nationalist Republican Alliance or ARENA [Alfredo CRISTIANI]; Party of Hope or PES [Rodolfo Antonio PARKER Soto] (formerly the Christian Democratic Party or PCD); Unidos por El Salvador [Manuel Rigoberto SOTO Lazo]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "labor_organizations": "Electrical Industry Union of El Salvador or SIES; Federation of the Construction Industry, Similar Transport and other activities, or FESINCONTRANS; National Confederation of Salvadoran Workers or CNTS; National Union of Salvadoran Workers or UNTS; Port Industry Union of El Salvador or SIPES; Salvadoran Union of Ex-Petrolleros and Peasant Workers or USEPOC; Salvadoran Workers Central or CTS; Workers Union of Electrical Corporation or STCEL; ", - "business_organizations": "National Association of Small Enterprise or ANEP; Salvadoran Assembly Industry Association or ASIC; Salvadoran Industrial Association or ASI" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "BCIE, CACM, CD, CELAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, SICA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Ruben Ignacio ZAMORA Rivas", - "chancery": "Suite 100, 1400 16th Street, Washington, DC 20036", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 595-7500", - "fax": "[1] (202) 232-3763", - "consulates_general": "Brentwood (NY), Chicago, Coral Gables (FL), Dallas, Houston, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, Santa Ana (CA), Seattle, Tucson, Woodbridge (VA), Woodstock (GA)", - "consulates": "Elizabeth (NJ)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Mari Carmen APONTE", - "embassy": "Final Boulevard Santa Elena Sur, Antiguo Cuscatlan, La Libertad, San Salvador", - "mailing_address": "Unit 3450, APO AA 34023; 3450 San Salvador Place, Washington, DC 20521-3450", - "telephone": "[503] 2501-2999", - "fax": "[503] 2501-2150" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL; the banner is based on the former blue-white-blue flag of the Federal Republic of Central America; the blue bands symbolize the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, while the white band represents the land between the two bodies of water, as well as peace and prosperity", - "note": "similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which has a different coat of arms centered in the white band - it features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "turquoise-browed motmot (bird)" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Himno Nacional de El Salvador\" (National Anthem of El Salvador)", - "lyrics_music": "Juan Jose CANAS/Juan ABERLE", - "note": "officially adopted 1953, in use since 1879; the anthem of El Salvador is one of the world's longest" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "The smallest country in Central America geographically, El Salvador has the third largest economy in the region. With the global recession in 2009, real GDP contracted by 3.1%. The economy slowed even further during 2010-12. Remittances accounted for 17% of GDP in 2011 and were received by about a third of all households. In 2006, El Salvador was the first country to ratify the Dominican Republic-Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR), which has bolstered the export of processed foods, sugar, and ethanol, and supported investment in the apparel sector amid increased Asian competition. El Salvador has promoted an open trade and investment environment and has completed a wave of privatizations extending to telecom, electricity distribution, banking, and pension funds. The Salvadoran Government maintained fiscal discipline during post-war reconstruction and reconstruction following earthquakes in 2001 and hurricanes in 1998 and 2005, but El Salvador's external debt has been mounting over the last several years. Taxes levied by the government include a value added tax (VAT) of 13%, income tax of 30%, excise taxes on alcohol and cigarettes, and import duties. The VAT accounted for about 51.7% of total tax revenues in 2011. El Salvador's external debt amounts to about one-fourth of GDP. In 2012, El Salvador successfully completed a $461 million compact with the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) - a United States Government agency aimed at stimulating economic growth and reducing poverty - in the country's northern region, the primary conflict zone during the civil war, through investments in education, public services, enterprise development, and transportation infrastructure. In January 2013, the MCC approved El Salvador as eligible for a possible second MCC compact." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$47.09 billion (2012 est.); $46.35 billion (2011 est.); $45.45 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$23.82 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.6% (2012 est.); 2% (2011 est.); 1.4% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$7,600 (2012 est.); $7,500 (2011 est.); $7,400 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "8.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 8.9% of GDP (2011 est.); 10.2% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "93.2%", - "government_consumption": "11%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "14.2%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "28.2%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-46.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "10.2%", - "industry": "29.1%", - "services": "60.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "coffee, sugar, corn, rice, beans, oilseed, cotton, sorghum; beef, dairy products" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "food processing, beverages, petroleum, chemicals, fertilizer, textiles, furniture, light metals" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "2.593 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "21%", - "industry": "20%", - "services": "58% (2011 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "6.9% (2012 est.); 7% (2011 est.)", - "note": "data are official rates; but the economy has much underemployment" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "36.5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1%", - "highest_10%": "37% (2009 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "46.9 (2007); 52.5 (2001)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$4.621 billion", - "expenditures": "$5.435 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "19.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-3.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "59.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 53.6% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "El Salvador's total public debt includes non-financial public sector debt, financial public sector debt, and central bank debt" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "1.8% (2012 est.); 5.1% (2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "6.2% (31 December 2012 est.); 5.99% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$2.796 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.781 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$9.527 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $9.213 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$10.51 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $10.82 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$5.474 billion (31 December 2011); $4.227 billion (31 December 2010); $4.432 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$1.035 billion (2012 est.); -$1.223 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$5.447 billion (2012 est.); $5.402 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "offshore assembly exports, coffee, sugar, textiles and apparel, gold, ethanol, chemicals, electricity, iron and steel manufactures" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 45.8%, Guatemala 14.9%, Honduras 9.6%, Nicaragua 5.8% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$9.912 billion (2012 est.); $9.801 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "raw materials, consumer goods, capital goods, fuels, foodstuffs, petroleum, electricity" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "US 34.4%, Guatemala 10.8%, Mexico 6.8%, Colombia 5.7%, China 5.5%, Germany 4% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$3.176 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.504 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$13.54 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $12 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$8.613 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $8.097 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$12.4 million (31 December 2012 est.); $12.4 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "note": "the US dollar is used as a medium of exchange and circulates freely in the economy, 1 (2012 est.) 1 (2011 est.)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "5.728 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "5.756 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "101.6 million kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "215.8 million kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "1.501 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "53% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "31.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "15.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "13,160 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "16,750 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "44,040 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "2,158 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "26,860 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "6.484 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "1.03 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "8.316 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "multiple mobile-cellular providers are expanding services rapidly and in 2011 teledensity exceeded 135 per 100 persons; growth in fixed-line services has slowed in the face of mobile-cellular competition", - "domestic": "nationwide microwave radio relay system", - "international": "country code - 503; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "multiple privately owned national terrestrial TV networks, supplemented by cable TV networks that carry international channels; hundreds of commercial radio broadcast stations and 1 government-owned radio broadcast station (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".sv" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "24,070 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "746,000 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "68 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "5", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "63", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "11", - "under_914_m": "51 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "2 (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "283 km", - "narrow_gauge": "283 km 0.600-m gauge", - "note": "railways have been inoperable since 2005 because of disuse and high costs that led to a lack of maintenance (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "6,918 km", - "paved": "3,247 km (includes 341 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "3,671 km (2010)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "(Rio Lempa is partially navigable for small craft) (2011)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Puerto Cutuco", - "oil_gas_terminals": "Acajutla offshore terminal" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Salvadoran Armed Forces (Fuerza Armada de El Salvador, FAES): Salvadoran Army (Ejercito de El Salvador, ES), Salvadoran Navy (Fuerza Naval de El Slavador, FNES), Salvadoran Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Salvadorena, FAS) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for selective compulsory military service; 16-22 years of age for voluntary male or female service; service obligation is 12 months, with 11 months for officers and NCOs (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,449,214", - "females_age_16_49": "1,611,248 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,079,038", - "females_age_16_49": "1,373,368 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "71,530", - "female": "68,971 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.6% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled on the delimitation of \"bolsones\" (disputed areas) along the El Salvador-Honduras boundary, in 1992, with final agreement by the parties in 2006 after an Organization of American States survey and a further ICJ ruling in 2003; the 1992 ICJ ruling advised a tripartite resolution to a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca advocating Honduran access to the Pacific; El Salvador continues to claim tiny Conejo Island, not identified in the ICJ decision, off Honduras in the Gulf of Fonseca" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transshipment point for cocaine; small amounts of marijuana produced for local consumption; significant use of cocaine" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/ad-andorra.json b/europe/ad-andorra.json deleted file mode 100644 index c30795c4..00000000 --- a/europe/ad-andorra.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,414 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The landlocked Principality of Andorra is one of the smallest states in Europe, nestled high in the Pyrenees Mountains between the French and Spanish borders. For 715 years, from 1278 to 1993, Andorrans lived under a unique co-principality, ruled by French and Spanish leaders (from 1607 onward, the French chief of state and the Spanish bishop of Seu d'Urgell). In 1993, this feudal system was modified, with the titular heads of state retained, but the government transformed into a parliamentary democracy. In the late 20th century, Andorra became a popular tourist destination. An estimated 10 million people visit each year drawn by the winter sports, summer climate, and duty free goods. Andorra has also become a wealthy international commercial center because of its banking facilities, low taxes, and lack of customs duties. However, recent economic hardships have required Andorra to start taxing foreign investments and to implement stricter economic policies. Andorra is not a member of the European Union, but enjoys a special relationship with it and uses the Euro as its national currency." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southwestern Europe, Pyrenees mountains, on the border between France and Spain" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "42 30 N, 1 30 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "468 sq km", - "land": "468 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "2.5 times the size of Washington, DC" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "120.3 km", - "border_countries": "France 56.6 km, Spain 63.7 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Riu Runer 840 m", - "highest_point": "Pic de Coma Pedrosa 2,946 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "5.32%", - "permanent_crops": "0%", - "other": "94.68% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "avalanches" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation; overgrazing of mountain meadows contributes to soil erosion; air pollution; wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; straddles a number of important crossroads in the Pyrenees" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Andorran(s)", - "adjective": "Andorran" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Spanish 43%, Andorran 33%, Portuguese 11%, French 7%, other 6% (1998)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Catalan (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic (predominant)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "85,293 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "15.5% (male 6,779/female 6,471)", - "15_24_years": "9.1% (male 4,021/female 3,702)", - "25_54_years": "49.5% (male 21,744/female 20,492)", - "55_64_years": "12.1% (male 5,566/female 4,755)", - "65_years_and_over": "13.8% (male 5,918/female 5,845) (2013 est.)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "41.8 years", - "male": "42 years", - "female": "41.5 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.22% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "8.88 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "6.67 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "88% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "ANDORRA LA VELLA (capital) 23,000 (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.09 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.18 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "1 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.07 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "3.73 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "3.71 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "3.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "82.58 years", - "male": "80.46 years", - "female": "84.83 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.37 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "7.5% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "3.72 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "2.5 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "25.2% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "2.9% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "100%", - "male": "100%", - "female": "100%" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "12 years", - "male": "11 years", - "female": "12 years (2008)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Principality of Andorra", - "conventional_short_form": "Andorra", - "local_long_form": "Principat d'Andorra", - "local_short_form": "Andorra" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains as its chiefs of state a coprincipality; the two princes are the president of France and bishop of Seu d'Urgell, Spain, who are represented in Andorra by the coprinces' representatives" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Andorra la Vella", - "geographic_coordinates": "42 30 N, 1 31 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "7 parishes (parroquies, singular - parroquia); Andorra la Vella, Canillo, Encamp, Escaldes-Engordany, La Massana, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "1278 (formed under the joint sovereignty of the French Count of Foix and the Spanish Bishop of Seu d'Urgell)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Our Lady of Meritxell Day, 8 September (1278)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991; approved by referendum 14 March 1993; effective 28 April 1993" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil and customary law with canon (religious) law influences" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "French Coprince Francois HOLLANDE (since 15 May 2012); represented by Christian FREMONT (since September 2008) and Spanish Coprince Archbishop Joan-Enric VIVES i Sicilia (since 12 May 2003); represented by Nemesi MARQUES i Oste (since 30 July 2003)", - "head_of_government": "Head of Government (or Cap de Govern) Antoni MARTI PETIT (since 12 May 2011)", - "cabinet": "Executive Council of nine ministers designated by the Head of Government", - "elections": "Head of Government elected by the General Council (Andorran Parliament) and formally appointed by the coprinces for a four-year term; election last held on 3 April 2011 (next to be held in April 2015)", - "election_results": "Antoni MARTI PETIT was elected Head of Government; percent of General Council vote - 79%; note - the leader of the party which wins a majority of seats in the General Council is usually elected Head of Government" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral General Council of the Valleys or Consell General de las Valls (a minimum of 28 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote, 14 from a single national constituency and 14 to represent each of the seven parishes; to serve four-year terms); note - each voter casts two separate ballots - one for the national list, one for the parish list", - "elections": "last held on 3 April 2011 (next to be held in April 2015)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - DA 55%, PS 35%, Andorra for Change 7%, VA 3%; seats by party - DA 22, PS 6; note - numbers of votes and percentages are for the respective national list; number of seats include seats won by the parish lists" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or Tribunal Superior de la Justicia d'Andorra (consists of the court president and 8 judges organized into civil, criminal, and administrative chambers); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 4 magistrates)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court president and judges appointed by the Supreme Council of Justice, a 5-member judicial policy and administrative body appointed 1 each by the Coprinces, 1 by the General Council, 1 by the executive council president, and 1 by the courts; judges serve 6-year renewable terms; Constitutional magistrates appointed 2 by the Coprinces and 2 by the General Council; magistrates' appointments limited to two consecutive 8-year terms", - "subordinate_courts": "Tribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of the Courts or Tribunal de Corts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "there are four political parties at the national level:; Andorra for Change or ApC [Eusebio NOMEN CALVET]; Democrats for Andorra or DA [Antoni MARTI PETIT], coalition including Liberal Party (PRA) and Reformist Coalition; Greens of Andorra or VA [Isabel LOZANO MUNOZ]; Social Democratic Party or PS [Jaume BARTUMEU CASSANY]", - "note": "there are also several smaller parties at the Parish level (one is Lauredian Union)" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "CE, FAO, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WTO (observer)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Narcis CASAL de Fonsdeviela", - "chancery": "2 United Nations Plaza, 25th Floor, New York, NY 10017", - "telephone": "[1] (212) 750-8064", - "fax": "[1] (212) 750-6630" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Andorra; the US Ambassador to Spain is accredited to Andorra; US interests in Andorra are represented by the US Consulate General's office in Barcelona (Spain); mailing address: Paseo Reina Elisenda de Montcada, 23, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; telephone: [34] (93) 280-2227; FAX: [34] (93) 280-6175" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red, with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the latter band is slightly wider than the other two so that the ratio of band widths is 8:9:8; the coat of arms features a quartered shield with the emblems of (starting in the upper left and proceeding clockwise): Urgell, Foix, Bearn, and Catalonia; the motto reads VIRTUS UNITA FORTIOR (Strength United is Stronger); the flag combines the blue and red French colors with the red and yellow of Spain to show Franco-Spanish protection", - "note": "similar to the flags of Chad and Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in the center, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a national emblem" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"El Gran Carlemany\" (The Great Charlemagne)", - "lyrics_music": "Joan BENLLOCH i VIVO/Enric MARFANY BONS", - "note": "adopted 1921; the anthem provides a brief history of Andorra in a first person narrative" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Tourism, retail sales, and finance are the mainstays of Andorra's tiny, well-to-do economy, accounting for more than three-quarters of GDP. Andorra's duty-free status for some products and its summer and winter resorts attract millions of visitors annually, although the economic downturn in neighboring countries has curtailed tourism activity. The banking sector also contributes substantially to the economy. Andorra's comparative advantage as a tax haven eroded when the borders of neighboring France and Spain opened; its bank secrecy laws have been relaxed under pressure from the EU and OECD. Agricultural production is limited - only 2% of the land is arable - and most food has to be imported, making the economy vulnerable to changes in fuel and food prices. The principal livestock activity is sheep raising. Manufacturing output and exports consist mainly of perfumes and cosmetic products, products of the printing industry, electrical machinery and equipment, clothing, tobacco products, and furniture. Andorra is a member of the EU Customs Union and is treated as an EU member for trade in manufactured goods (no tariffs) and as a non-EU member for agricultural products. Andorra uses the euro and is effectively subject to the monetary policy of the European Central Bank. Slower growth in Spain and France has dimmed Andorra's economic prospects. Since 2010, a drop in tourism contributed to a contraction in GDP and a sharp deterioration of public finances, prompting the government to begin implementing several austerity measures to reduce the budget deficit, including levying a special corporate tax. To bring in new revenue and diversify future sources of economic growth, the government approved in July 2012 a new foreign investment law opening investment to foreign capital." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$3.163 billion (2012 est.); $3.214 billion (2011 est.); $3.227 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$4.8 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "-1.6% (2012 est.); -0.4% (2011 est.); -1.9% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$37,200 (2011 est.); $37,700 (2010 est.); $37,900 (2009 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "14%", - "industry": "79%", - "services": "6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "small quantities of rye, wheat, barley, oats, vegetables; sheep" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "tourism (particularly skiing), banking, tobacco, cattle raising, timber, furniture" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "36,060 (2012)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "0.4%", - "industry": "4.7%", - "services": "94.9% (2010)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "2.9% (2012 est.); 1.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA% (2008)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$403 million", - "expenditures": "$470 million (2011)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "8.4% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-1.4% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "1.1% (2012 est.); -2.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$70 million (2012 est.); $72 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "tobacco products, furniture" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$1.43 billion (2012 est.); $1.501 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "consumer goods, food, electricity" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -; 0.7778 (2012 est.); 0.7185 (2011 est.); 0.755 (2010 est.); 0.7198 (2009 est.); 0.6827 (2008 est.)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "91.24 million kWh (2011)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "562.4 million kWh (2012)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "1 million kWh (2011)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "587 million kWh (2011)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "38,400 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "65,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "modern automatic telephone system", - "domestic": "modern system with microwave radio relay connections between exchanges", - "international": "country code - 376; landline circuits to France and Spain (2012)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "1 public TV station and 2 public radio stations; about 10 commercial radio stations; good reception of radio and TV broadcasts from stations in France and Spain; upgraded to terrestrial digital TV broadcasting in 2007; roughly 25 international TV channels available (2012)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ad" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "28,383 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "67,100 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "roadways": { - "total": "320 km (2008)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "no regular military forces, Police Service of Andorra (2011)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "22,390 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "17,977", - "females_age_16_49": "17,069 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "397", - "female": "347 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_note": { - "text": "defense is the responsibility of France and Spain" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/al-albania.json b/europe/al-albania.json deleted file mode 100644 index e640a5f3..00000000 --- a/europe/al-albania.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,622 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Albania declared its independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1912, but was conquered by Italy in 1939. Communist partisans took over the country in 1944. Albania allied itself first with the USSR (until 1960), and then with China (to 1978). In the early 1990s, Albania ended 46 years of xenophobic communist rule and established a multiparty democracy. The transition has proven challenging as successive governments have tried to deal with high unemployment, widespread corruption, dilapidated infrastructure, powerful organized crime networks, and combative political opponents. Albania has made progress in its democratic development since first holding multiparty elections in 1991, but deficiencies remain. International observers judged elections to be largely free and fair since the restoration of political stability following the collapse of pyramid schemes in 1997; however, each of Albania's post-communist elections have been marred by claims of electoral fraud. The 2009 general elections resulted in a coalition government, the first such in the country's history. Albania joined NATO in April 2009 and is a potential candidate for EU accession. Although Albania's economy continues to grow, the country is still one of the poorest in Europe, hampered by a large informal economy and an inadequate energy and transportation infrastructure." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Ionian Sea, between Greece in the south and Montenegro and Kosovo to the north" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "41 00 N, 20 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "28,748 sq km", - "land": "27,398 sq km", - "water": "1,350 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Maryland" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "717 km", - "border_countries": "Greece 282 km, Macedonia 151 km, Montenegro 172 km, Kosovo 112 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "362 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "mild temperate; cool, cloudy, wet winters; hot, clear, dry summers; interior is cooler and wetter" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly mountains and hills; small plains along coast" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Adriatic Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Maja e Korabit (Golem Korab) 2,764 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, natural gas, coal, bauxite, chromite, copper, iron ore, nickel, salt, timber, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "21.63%", - "permanent_crops": "2.57%", - "other": "75.79% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "1,884 sq km (2006)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "41.7 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "1.31 cu km/yr (43%/18%/39%)", - "per_capita": "413.6 cu m/yr (2006)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "destructive earthquakes; tsunamis occur along southwestern coast; floods; drought" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution from industrial and domestic effluents" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location along Strait of Otranto (links Adriatic Sea to Ionian Sea and Mediterranean Sea)" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Albanian(s)", - "adjective": "Albanian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Albanian 95%, Greek 3%, other 2% (Vlach, Roma (Gypsy), Serb, Macedonian, Bulgarian) (1989 est.)", - "note": "in 1989, other estimates of the Greek population ranged from 1% (official Albanian statistics) to 12% (from a Greek organization)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Albanian (official - derived from Tosk dialect), Greek, Vlach, Romani, Slavic dialects" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim 70%, Albanian Orthodox 20%, Roman Catholic 10%", - "note": "percentages are estimates; there are no available current statistics on religious affiliation; all mosques and churches were closed in 1967 and religious observances prohibited; in November 1990, Albania began allowing private religious practice" - }, - "population": { - "text": "3,011,405 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "19.9% (male 316,240/female 282,958)", - "15_24_years": "19.6% (male 300,977/female 287,976)", - "25_54_years": "39.7% (male 568,330/female 626,949)", - "55_64_years": "10% (male 150,665/female 151,068)", - "65_years_and_over": "10.8% (male 153,818/female 172,424) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "45.7 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "30.1 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "15.6 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "6.4 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "31.2 years", - "male": "29.9 years", - "female": "32.4 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.29% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "12.57 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "6.36 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-3.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "52% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "TIRANA (capital) 419,000 (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.11 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.12 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.91 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.89 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "23.9", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2009 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "27 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "13.65 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "15.18 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "11.94 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "77.77 years", - "male": "75.16 years", - "female": "80.67 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.49 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "69.3% (2008/09)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "6.6% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.15 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "2.8 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 96% of population; rural: 94% of population; total: 95% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 4% of population; rural: 6% of population; total: 5% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 95% of population; rural: 93% of population; total: 94% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 5% of population; rural: 7% of population; total: 6% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "21.3% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "6.3% (2009)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 9 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "96.8%", - "male": "98%", - "female": "95.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "11 years", - "male": "11 years", - "female": "11 years (2003)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "72,818", - "percentage": "12 % (2005 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "27.2%", - "male": "26.2%", - "female": "28.3% (2009)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Albania", - "conventional_short_form": "Albania", - "local_long_form": "Republika e Shqiperise", - "local_short_form": "Shqiperia", - "former": "People's Socialist Republic of Albania" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary democracy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Tirana (Tirane)", - "geographic_coordinates": "41 19 N, 19 49 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "12 counties (qarqe, singular - qark); Berat, Diber, Durres, Elbasan, Fier, Gjirokaster, Korce, Kukes, Lezhe, Shkoder, Tirane, Vlore" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "28 November 1912 (from the Ottoman Empire)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 28 November (1912) also known as Flag Day" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "approved by parliament 21 October 1998; adopted by popular referendum 22 November 1998; promulgated 28 November 1998" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system except in the northern rural areas where customary law known as the \"Code of Leke\" prevails" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President of the Republic Bujar NISHANI (since 24 July 2012)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Edi Rama (since 10 September 2013)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, nominated by the president, and approved by parliament", - "elections": "president is elected by the Assembly for a five-year term and is eligible for a second term (a candidate needs a three-fifths majority of the Assembly's 140 votes (84 votes) in one of the first three rounds of voting or a simple majority in round four or five to become president; up to five rounds of voting are held, if necessary); four election rounds held between 30 May and 11 June 2012 (next election to be held in 2017); prime minister appointed by the president on the proposal of the party or coalition of parties that has the majority of seats in the Assembly", - "election_results": "Bujar NISHANI elected president on fourth round of voting; Assembly vote (for first three rounds three-fifths majority, 84 votes, required; fourth round, a simple majority of votes is required): Bujar NISHANI 73 votes; note - NISHANI took office 24 July 2012" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Assembly or Kuvendi (140 deputies; 100 deputies elected directly in single member electoral zones with an approximate number of voters; 40 deputies elected from multi-name lists of parties or party coalitions according to their respective order; elected for a four-year term)", - "elections": "last held on 23 June 2013 (next to be held in 2017)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party- PS 41.12%, PD 30.41%, LSI 10.44%, PR 3.04%, PDIU 2.59%, other 12.4%; seats by party- PS 66, PD 49, LSI 16, PDIU 4, PR 3, other 2" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges, including a chairman); Court of Cassation (consists of 14 judges, including the chief justice)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president with the consent of the Assembly to serve single 9-year terms; chairman elected by the People's Assembly for single 3-year term; Court of Cassation judges, including the chairman, appointed by the president with the consent of the Assembly to serve single, 9-year terms)", - "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal; Courts of First Instance" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "alliance_for_employment_prosperity_and_integration_or_apmi_coalition_of_25_centrist_and_center_right_parties_[sali_berisha]": "Democratic Party or PD [Sali BERISHA]; New Democracy Party or PDR [Genc POLLO]; Party for Justice, Integration and Unity or PDIU [Shpetim IDRIZI]; Republican Party or PR [Fatmir MEDIU]; ", - "alliance_for_a_european_albania_or_ashe_coalition_of_37_opposition_parties_from_far_left_to_right_wing_[edi_rama]": "Social Democracy Party or PDS [Paskel MILO]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Skender GJINUSHI]; Socialist Movement for Integration or LSI [Ilir META]; Socialist Party or PS [Edi RAMA]; Unity for Human Rights Party or PBDNJ [Vangjel DULE]; ", - "other_parties": "New Democratic Spirit or FRD [Bamir TOPI]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Red and Black Alliance [Kreshnik SPAHIU]; Front for Albanian National Unification or FBKSH [Gafur ADILI]; Mjaft Movement [Elton KACIDHJA]; Omonia [Vasil BOLLANO]; Union of Independent Trade Unions of Albania or BSPSH [Gezim KALAJA]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "BSEC, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, EITI (candidate country), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Gilbert GALANXHI", - "chancery": "1312 18th Street NW, 4th Floor, Washington, DC 20036", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 223-4942", - "fax": "[1] (202) 628-7342", - "consulates_general": "New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Alexander ARVIZU", - "embassy": "Rruga e Elbasanit, Labinoti #103, Tirana", - "mailing_address": "US Department of State, 9510 Tirana Place, Dulles, VA 20189-9510", - "telephone": "[355] (4) 2247285", - "fax": "[355] (4) 2232222" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "red with a black two-headed eagle in the center; the design is claimed to be that of 15th-century hero George Castriota SKANDERBEG, who led a successful uprising against the Turks that resulted in a short-lived independence for some Albanian regions (1443-78); an unsubstantiated explanation for the eagle symbol is the tradition that Albanians see themselves as descendants of the eagle; they refer to themselves as \"Shkypetars,\" which translates as \"sons of the eagle\"" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "double-headed eagle" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Hymni i Flamurit\" (Hymn to the Flag)", - "lyrics_music": "Aleksander Stavre DRENOVA/Ciprian PORUMBESCU", - "note": "adopted 1912" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Albania, a formerly closed, centrally-planned state, is making the difficult transition to a more modern open-market economy. Macroeconomic growth averaged around 6% between 2004-08, but declined to about 3% in 2009-11, and 0.5% in 2012. Inflation is low and stable. The government has taken measures to curb violent crime, and recently adopted a fiscal reform package aimed at reducing the large gray economy and attracting foreign investment. Remittances, a significant catalyst for economic growth declined from 12-15% of GDP before the 2008 financial crisis to 8% of GDP in 2010, mostly from Albanians residing in Greece and Italy. The agricultural sector, which accounts for almost half of employment but only about one-fifth of GDP, is limited primarily to small family operations and subsistence farming because of lack of modern equipment, unclear property rights, and the prevalence of small, inefficient plots of land. Energy shortages because of a reliance on hydropower - 98% of the electrical power produced in Albania - and antiquated and inadequate infrastructure contribute to Albania's poor business environment and lack of success in attracting new foreign investment needed to expand the country's export base. FDI is among the lowest in the region, but the government has embarked on an ambitious program to improve the business climate through fiscal and legislative reforms. The completion of a new thermal power plant near Vlore has helped diversify generation capacity, and plans to upgrade transmission lines between Albania and Montenegro and Kosovo would help relieve the energy shortages. Also, with help from EU funds, the government is taking steps to improve the poor national road and rail network, a long-standing barrier to sustained economic growth. The country will continue to face challenges from increasing public debt, having slightly exceeded its former statutory limit of 60% of GDP in 2012. Strong trade, remittance, and banking sector ties with Greece and Italy make Albania vulnerable to spillover effects of the global financial crisis." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$26.54 billion (2012 est.); $26.2 billion (2011 est.); $25.44 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars Albania has an informal, and unreported, sector that may be as large as 50% of official GDP" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$12.69 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.3% (2012 est.); 3% (2011 est.); 3.5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$8,200 (2012 est.); $8,100 (2011 est.); $7,900 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "15.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 13.1% of GDP (2011 est.); 14.5% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "88.1%", - "government_consumption": "7.5%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "26%", - "investment_in_inventories": "4.1%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "31.6%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-57.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "20%", - "industry": "18.7%", - "services": "61.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "wheat, corn, potatoes, vegetables, fruits, sugar beets, grapes; meat, dairy products; sheep" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "perfumes and cosmetic products, food and tobacco products; textiles and clothing; lumber, oil, cement, chemicals, mining, basic metals, hydropower" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-1.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "1.088 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "47.8%", - "industry": "23%", - "services": "29.2% (September 2010 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "13.3% (2012 est.); 13.3% (2011 est.)", - "note": "these are official rates, but actual rates may exceed 30% due to preponderance of near-subsistence farming" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "12.5% (2008 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.5%", - "highest_10%": "29% (2008)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "34.5 (2008); 26.7 (2005)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$3.054 billion", - "expenditures": "$3.477 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "24.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-3.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "59.3% of GDP (2012 est.); 58.2% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2% (2012 est.); 3.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "5% (31 December 2010 est.); 5.25% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "10.88% (31 December 2012 est.); 12.43% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$2.657 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.575 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$9.951 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $9.426 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$8.591 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $8.408 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$1.45 billion (2012 est.); -$1.695 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$921 million (2012 est.); $962.1 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "textiles and footwear; asphalt, metals and metallic ores, crude oil; vegetables, fruits, tobacco" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Italy 44.2%, Spain 9%, China 6.8%, Greece 4.9%, Turkey 4.7% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$4.234 billion (2012 est.); $4.461 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, textiles, chemicals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Italy 34.9%, Greece 11.7%, China 7.5%, Turkey 5.6%, Germany 4.3% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$2.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.473 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$5.917 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.938 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "leke (ALL) per US dollar -; 108.19 (2012 est.); 100.9 (2011 est.); 103.94 (2010 est.); 94.98 (2009); 79.546 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "5.209 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "4.521 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "1.906 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "1.005 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "1.61 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "9.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "90.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "15,520 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "6,920 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "199.1 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "6,377 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "38,390 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "914.5 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "24,610 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "30 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "30 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "849.5 million cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "4.893 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "338,800 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "3.1 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "despite new investment in fixed lines, teledensity remains low with roughly 10 fixed lines per 100 people; mobile-cellular telephone use is widespread and generally effective", - "domestic": "offsetting the shortage of fixed line capacity, mobile-cellular phone service has been available since 1996; by 2011 multiple companies were providing mobile services and mobile teledensity had reached 100 per 100 persons; Internet broadband services initiated in 2005 but growth has been slow; Internet cafes are popular in Tirana and have started to spread outside the capital", - "international": "country code - 355; submarine cable provides connectivity to Italy, Croatia, and Greece; the Trans-Balkan Line, a combination submarine cable and land fiber-optic system, provides additional connectivity to Bulgaria, Macedonia, and Turkey; international traffic carried by fiber-optic cable and, when necessary, by microwave radio relay from the Tirana exchange to Italy and Greece (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "3 public TV networks, one of which transmits by satellite to Albanian-language communities in neighboring countries; more than 60 private TV stations; many viewers can pick up Italian and Greek TV broadcasts via terrestrial reception; cable TV service is available; 2 public radio networks and roughly 25 private radio stations; several international broadcasters are available (2010)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".al" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "15,528 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "1.3 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "4 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "4", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "3", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2012)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 331 km; oil 249 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "339 km", - "standard_gauge": "339 km 1.435-m gauge (2009)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "18,000 km", - "paved": "7,020 km", - "unpaved": "10,980 km (2002)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "41 km (on the Bojana River) (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "17", - "by_type": "cargo 16, roll on/roll off 1", - "foreign_owned": "1 (Turkey 1)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "5 (Antigua and Barbuda 1, Panama 4) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Durres, Sarande, Shengjin, Vlore" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Land Forces Command, Navy Force Command, Air Forces Command (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "19 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; 18 is the legal minimum age in case of general/partial compulsory mobilization (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "731,111", - "females_age_16_49": "780,216 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "622,379", - "females_age_16_49": "660,715 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "31,986", - "female": "29,533 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.49% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "stateless_persons": "7,443 (2012)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Albania is a source country for men, women, and children subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor; Albanian victims of sexual exploitation are trafficked within Albania and in Greece, Italy, Macedonia, Kosovo, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, Ireland, and the UK; some Albanian women become sex trafficking victims after accepting offers of legitimate jobs; Albanian children are forced to beg or perform other forms of forced labor; Filipino victims of labor trafficking were identified in Albania during 2012", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Albania does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government decreased its trafficking investigations, prosecutions, and convictions over the last year and, because of inconsistent implementation of operating procedures, continues to punish victims for unlawful acts that are a direct result of being subjected to sex trafficking; the high turnover rate of law enforcement personnel prevents progress at the local level in identifying and protecting trafficking victims; removal of the national anti-trafficking coordinator hinders efforts to implement the 2011 national action plan against trafficking; the government provides limited funding to NGO shelters (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "increasingly active transshipment point for Southwest Asian opiates, hashish, and cannabis transiting the Balkan route and - to a lesser extent - cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe; limited opium and expanding cannabis production; ethnic Albanian narcotrafficking organizations active and expanding in Europe; vulnerable to money laundering associated with regional trafficking in narcotics, arms, contraband, and illegal aliens" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/am-armenia.json b/europe/am-armenia.json deleted file mode 100644 index c7e96b0f..00000000 --- a/europe/am-armenia.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,602 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Armenia prides itself on being the first nation to formally adopt Christianity (early 4th century). Despite periods of autonomy, over the centuries Armenia came under the sway of various empires including the Roman, Byzantine, Arab, Persian, and Ottoman. During World War I in the western portion of Armenia, Ottoman Turkey instituted a policy of forced resettlement coupled with other harsh practices that resulted in at least 1 million Armenian deaths. The eastern area of Armenia was ceded by the Ottomans to Russia in 1828; this portion declared its independence in 1918, but was conquered by the Soviet Red Army in 1920. Armenian leaders remain preoccupied by the long conflict with Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh, a primarily Armenian-populated region, assigned to Soviet Azerbaijan in the 1920s by Moscow. Armenia and Azerbaijan began fighting over the area in 1988; the struggle escalated after both countries attained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By May 1994, when a cease-fire took hold, ethnic Armenian forces held not only Nagorno-Karabakh but also a significant portion of Azerbaijan proper. The economies of both sides have been hurt by their inability to make substantial progress toward a peaceful resolution. Turkey closed the common border with Armenia in 1993 in support of Azerbaijan in its conflict with Armenia over control of Nagorno-Karabakh and surrounding areas, further hampering Armenian economic growth. In 2009, senior Armenian leaders began pursuing rapprochement with Turkey, aiming to secure an opening of the border, but Turkey has not yet ratified the Protocols normalizing relations between the two countries." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southwestern Asia, between Turkey (to the west) and Azerbaijan" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "40 00 N, 45 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Middle East" - }, - "area": { - "total": "29,743 sq km", - "land": "28,203 sq km", - "water": "1,540 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Maryland" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,254 km", - "border_countries": "Azerbaijan-proper 566 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 221 km, Georgia 164 km, Iran 35 km, Turkey 268 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "highland continental, hot summers, cold winters" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "Armenian Highland with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Debed River 400 m", - "highest_point": "Aragats Lerrnagagat' 4,090 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, bauxite" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "14.47%", - "permanent_crops": "1.8%", - "other": "83.74% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "2,735 sq km (2006)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "7.77 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "2.86 cu km/yr (40%/6%/54%)", - "per_capita": "929.7 cu m/yr (2010)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "occasionally severe earthquakes; droughts" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "soil pollution from toxic chemicals such as DDT; the energy crisis of the 1990s led to deforestation when citizens scavenged for firewood; pollution of Hrazdan (Razdan) and Aras Rivers; the draining of Sevana Lich (Lake Sevan), a result of its use as a source for hydropower, threatens drinking water supplies; restart of Metsamor nuclear power plant in spite of its location in a seismically active zone" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked in the Lesser Caucasus Mountains; Sevana Lich (Lake Sevan) is the largest lake in this mountain range" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Armenian(s)", - "adjective": "Armenian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Armenian 97.9%, Yezidi (Kurd) 1.3%, Russian 0.5%, other 0.3% (2001 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Armenian (official) 97.7%, Yezidi 1%, Russian 0.9%, other 0.4% (2001 census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Armenian Apostolic 94.7%, other Christian 4%, Yezidi (monotheist with elements of nature worship) 1.3%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "2,974,184 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "17.3% (male 274,473/female 239,275)", - "15_24_years": "17.7% (male 270,206/female 255,325)", - "25_54_years": "46% (male 643,563/female 725,985)", - "55_64_years": "9.2% (male 106,531/female 167,486)", - "65_years_and_over": "9.8% (male 106,552/female 184,788) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "44.1 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "29.2 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "14.9 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "6.7 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "32.9 years", - "male": "30.3 years", - "female": "35.7 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.14% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "12.86 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "8.51 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-2.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "64.1% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.34% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "YEREVAN (capital) 1.116 million (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.11 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.15 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.88 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.62 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.59 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.89 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "24.1", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "30 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "17.59 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "21.9 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "12.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "73.75 years", - "male": "70.1 years", - "female": "77.8 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.39 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "54.9% (2010)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "4.4% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "3.7 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "3.7 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 97% of population; total: 98% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 3% of population; total: 2% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 95% of population; rural: 80% of population; total: 90% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 5% of population; rural: 20% of population; total: 10% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "1,900 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "24% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "5.3% (2010)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "3.2% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99.6%", - "male": "99.7%", - "female": "99.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "12 years", - "male": "12 years", - "female": "13 years (2010)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "19,596", - "percentage": "4 %", - "note": "data represents children ages 7-17 (2007 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "45.5%", - "male": "37.4%", - "female": "54.7% (2008)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Armenia", - "conventional_short_form": "Armenia", - "local_long_form": "Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun", - "local_short_form": "Hayastan", - "former": "Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, Armenian Republic" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Yerevan", - "geographic_coordinates": "40 10 N, 44 30 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "11 provinces (marzer, singular - marz); Aragatsotn, Ararat, Armavir, Geghark'unik', Kotayk', Lorri, Shirak, Syunik', Tavush, Vayots' Dzor, Yerevan" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "21 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 21 September (1991)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "adopted by nationwide referendum 5 July 1995; amendments adopted through a nationwide referendum 27 November 2005" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Serzh SARGSIAN (since 9 April 2008)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Tigran SARGSIAN (since 9 April 2008)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 18 February 2013 (next to be held February 2018); prime minister appointed by the president based on majority or plurality support in parliament; the prime minister and Council of Ministers must resign if the National Assembly refuses to accept their program", - "election_results": "Serzh SARGSIAN reelected president; percent of vote - Serzh SARGSIAN 58.6%, Raffi HOVHANNISIAN 36.7%, Hrant BAGRATIAN 2.2%, other 2.5%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly (Parliament) or Azgayin Zhoghov (131 seats; members elected by popular vote, 90 members elected by party list and 41 by direct vote; to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 6 May 2012 (next to be held in the spring of 2017)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - RPA 44%, Prosperous Armenia 30.1%, ANC 7.1%, Heritage Party 5.8%, ARF (Dashnak) 5.7%, Rule of Law 5.5%, other 1.8%; seats by party - RPA 69, Prosperous Armenia 37, ANC 7, Heritage Party 5, ARF (Dashnak) 5, Rule of Law 6, independent 2" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Court of Cassation (consists of the court chairman and organized into a criminal chamber and a civil and administrative chamber, each with a court chairman and 2 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Court of Cassation judges nominated by the Judicial Council, a 9-member body of selected judges and legal scholars; judges appointed by the president; Constitutional Court judges - 4 appointed by the president, and 5 elected by National Assembly; judges of both courts can serve until retirement at age 65", - "subordinate_courts": "2 Courts of Appeal (for civil cases and for criminal and military cases); district courts; Administrative Court" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Armenian National Congress or ANC (bloc of independent and opposition parties) [Levon TER-PETROSSIAN]; Armenian National Movement or ANM [Ararat ZURABIAN]; Armenian Revolutionary Federation (\"Dashnak\" Party) or ARF [Hrant MARKARIAN]; Heritage Party [Raffi HOVHANNISIAN]; People's Party of Armenia [Stepan DEMIRCHIAN]; Prosperous Armenia [Gagik TSARUKIAN]; Republican Party of Armenia or RPA [Serzh SARGSIAN]; Rule of Law Party (Orinats Yerkir) [Artur BAGHDASARIAN]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Aylentrank (Impeachment Alliance) [Nikol PASHINIAN]; Yerkrapah Union [Manvel GRIGORIAN]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB, BSEC, CD, CE, CIS, CSTO, EAEC (observer), EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Tatoul MARKARIAN", - "chancery": "2225 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 319-1976", - "fax": "[1] (202) 319-2982", - "consulates_general": "Glendale (CA), Los Angeles" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador John HEFFERN", - "embassy": "1 American Ave., Yerevan 0082", - "mailing_address": "American Embassy Yerevan, US Department of State, 7020 Yerevan Place, Washington, DC 20521-7020", - "telephone": "[374](10) 464-700", - "fax": "[374](10) 464-742" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, and orange; the color red recalls the blood shed for liberty, blue the Armenian skies as well as hope, and orange the land and the courage of the workers who farm it" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Mount Ararat; eagle; lion" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Mer Hayrenik\"\"(Our Fatherland)", - "lyrics_music": "Mikael NALBANDIAN/Barsegh KANACHYAN", - "note": "adopted 1991; based on the anthem of the Democratic Republic of Armenia (1918-1922) but with different lyrics" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "After several years of double-digit economic growth, Armenia faced a severe economic recession with GDP declining more than 14% in 2009, despite large loans from multilateral institutions. Sharp declines in the construction sector and workers' remittances, particularly from Russia, led the downturn. The economy began to recover in 2010 with 2.1% growth, and picked up to 4.6% growth in 2011, before slowing to 3.8% in 2012. Under the old Soviet central planning system, Armenia developed a modern industrial sector, supplying machine tools, textiles, and other manufactured goods to sister republics, in exchange for raw materials and energy. Armenia has since switched to small-scale agriculture and away from the large agroindustrial complexes of the Soviet era. Since August 2011, Armenia experienced a sharp 15 percent currency depreciation and an increase in the unemployment rate. Armenia's geographic isolation, a narrow export base, and pervasive monopolies in important business sectors have made it particularly vulnerable to the sharp deterioration in the global economy and the economic downturn in Russia. Armenia has only two open trade borders - Iran and Georgia - because its borders with Azerbaijan and Turkey have been closed since 1991 and 1993, respectively, as a result of Armenia's ongoing conflict with Azerbaijan over the separatist Nagorno-Karabakh region. Armenia is particularly dependent on Russian commercial and governmental support and most key Armenian infrastructure is Russian-owned and/or managed, especially in the energy sector. The electricity distribution system was privatized in 2002 and bought by Russia's RAO-UES in 2005. Natural gas is primarily imported from Russia but construction of a pipeline to deliver natural gas from Iran to Armenia was completed in December 2008, and gas deliveries expanded after the April 2010 completion of the Yerevan Thermal Power Plant. Armenia's severe trade imbalance has been offset somewhat by international aid, remittances from Armenians working abroad, and foreign direct investment. Armenia joined the WTO in January 2003. The government made some improvements in tax and customs administration in recent years, but anti-corruption measures have been ineffective and the economic downturn has led to a sharp drop in tax revenue and forced the government to accept large loan packages from Russia, the IMF, and other international financial institutions. Amendments to tax legislation, including the introduction of the first ever \"luxury tax\" in 2011, aim to increase the ratio of budget revenues to GDP, which still remains at low levels. Armenia will need to pursue additional economic reforms and to strengthen the rule of law in order to regain economic growth and improve economic competitiveness and employment opportunities, especially given its economic isolation from two of its nearest neighbors, Turkey and Azerbaijan." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$19.97 billion (2012 est.); $18.63 billion (2011 est.); $17.8 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$10.07 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "7.2% (2012 est.); 4.7% (2011 est.); 2.2% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$5,900 (2012 est.); $5,600 (2011 est.); $5,400 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "20.7% of GDP (2012 est.); 18.9% of GDP (2011 est.); 16.7% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "88.6%", - "government_consumption": "10.7%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "30.6%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.9%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "21.8%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-53.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "21.1%", - "industry": "37.7%", - "services": "41.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "fruit (especially grapes), vegetables; livestock" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "diamond-processing, metal-cutting machine tools, forging-pressing machines, electric motors, tires, knitted wear, hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, chemicals, trucks, instruments, microelectronics, jewelry manufacturing, software development, food processing, brandy, mining" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "8.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "1.194 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "44.2%", - "industry": "16.8%", - "services": "39% (2008 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "7% (2012 est.); 5.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "35.8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.7%", - "highest_10%": "25.4% (2008)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "30.9 (2008); 44.4 (1996)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$2.338 billion", - "expenditures": "$2.492 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "23.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-1.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "41.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 43.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.6% (2012 est.); 7.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "8% (11 January 2012); 7.25% (2 December 2008)", - "note": "this is the Refinancing Rate, the key monetary policy instrument of the Armenian National Bank" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "17.23% (31 December 2012 est.); 17.76% (31 December 2011 est.)", - "note": "average lending rate on loans up to one year" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$1.352 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.332 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$3.555 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.261 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$4.355 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.548 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$43.52 million (31 December 2011); $27.99 million (31 December 2010); $140.5 million (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$1.163 billion (2012 est.); -$1.12 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$1.523 billion (2012 est.); $1.456 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "pig iron, unwrought copper, nonferrous metals, diamonds, mineral products, foodstuffs, energy" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Russia 19.9%, Germany 11%, Belgium 9.4%, Bulgaria 8.8%, Iran 7.1%, Canada 6.2%, US 6.1%, Georgia 5.9%, Netherlands 5.2%, Switzerland 5% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$3.603 billion (2012 est.); $3.561 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "natural gas, petroleum, tobacco products, foodstuffs, diamonds" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Russia 24.6%, China 9%, Germany 6.2%, Iran 5.4%, Ukraine 5.4%, Turkey 4.7% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$1.799 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.932 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$7.292 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $7.383 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "drams (AMD) per US dollar -; 401.76 (2012 est.); 372.5 (2011 est.); 373.66 (2010 est.); 363.28 (2009); 303.93 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "7.432 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "5.8 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "1.36 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "291 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "3.173 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "53.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "11.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "34.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "45,300 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "9,698 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "2.077 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "2.077 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "11.56 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "577,500 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "3.211 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "telecommunications investments have made major inroads in modernizing and upgrading the outdated telecommunications network inherited from the Soviet era; now 100% privately owned and undergoing modernization and expansion; mobile-cellular services monopoly terminated in late 2004 and a second provider began operations in mid-2005", - "domestic": "reliable modern fixed-line and mobile-cellular services are available across Yerevan in major cities and towns; significant but ever-shrinking gaps remain in mobile-cellular coverage in rural areas", - "international": "country code - 374; Yerevan is connected to the Trans-Asia-Europe fiber-optic cable through Iran; additional international service is available by microwave radio relay and landline connections to the other countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States, through the Moscow international switch, and by satellite to the rest of the world; satellite earth stations - 3 (2008)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "2 public TV networks operating alongside more than 40 privately owned TV stations that provide local to near nationwide coverage; major Russian broadcast stations are widely available; subscription cable TV services are available in most regions; Public Radio of Armenia is a national, state-run broadcast network that operates alongside about 20 privately owned radio stations; several major international broadcasters are available (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".am" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "194,142 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "208,200 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "11 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "10", - "over_3_047_m": "2", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "4", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 2,233 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "869 km", - "broad_gauge": "869 km 1.520-m gauge (818 km electrified)", - "note": "some lines are out of service (2009)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "7,705 km (2012)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Armenian Armed Forces: Ground Forces, Air Force and Air Defense; \"Nagorno-Karabakh Republic\": Nagorno-Karabakh Self-Defense Force (NKSDF) (2011)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-27 years of age for voluntary or compulsory military service; 2-year conscript service obligation; 17 year olds are eligible to become cadets at military higher education institutes, where they are classified as military personnel (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "805,847", - "females_age_16_49": "854,296 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "644,372", - "females_age_16_49": "717,272 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "23,470", - "female": "21,417 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "2.8% of GDP (2010)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "the dispute over the break-away Nagorno-Karabakh region and the Armenian military occupation of surrounding lands in Azerbaijan remains the primary focus of regional instability; residents have evacuated the former Soviet-era small ethnic enclaves in Armenia and Azerbaijan; Turkish authorities have complained that blasting from quarries in Armenia might be damaging the medieval ruins of Ani, on the other side of the Arpacay valley; in 2009, Swiss mediators facilitated an accord reestablishing diplomatic ties between Armenia and Turkey, but neither side has ratified the agreement and the rapprochement effort has faltered; local border forces struggle to control the illegal transit of goods and people across the porous, undemarcated Armenian, Azerbaijani, and Georgian borders; ethnic Armenian groups in the Javakheti region of Georgia seek greater autonomy from the Georgian Government" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "6,000 (Syria - ethnic Armenians) (2013)", - "idps": "8,400 (conflict with Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh) (2009)", - "stateless_persons": "35 (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "illicit cultivation of small amount of cannabis for domestic consumption; minor transit point for illicit drugs - mostly opium and hashish - moving from Southwest Asia to Russia and to a lesser extent the rest of Europe" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/at-austria.json b/europe/at-austria.json deleted file mode 100644 index 9cddd244..00000000 --- a/europe/at-austria.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,612 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Once the center of power for the large Austro-Hungarian Empire, Austria was reduced to a small republic after its defeat in World War I. Following annexation by Nazi Germany in 1938 and subsequent occupation by the victorious Allies in 1945, Austria's status remained unclear for a decade. A State Treaty signed in 1955 ended the occupation, recognized Austria's independence, and forbade unification with Germany. A constitutional law that same year declared the country's \"perpetual neutrality\" as a condition for Soviet military withdrawal. The Soviet Union's collapse in 1991 and Austria's entry into the European Union in 1995 have altered the meaning of this neutrality. A prosperous, democratic country, Austria entered the EU Economic and Monetary Union in 1999." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Central Europe, north of Italy and Slovenia" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "47 20 N, 13 20 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "83,871 sq km", - "land": "82,445 sq km", - "water": "1,426 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Maine" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "2,562 km", - "border_countries": "Czech Republic 362 km, Germany 784 km, Hungary 366 km, Italy 430 km, Liechtenstein 35 km, Slovakia 91 km, Slovenia 330 km, Switzerland 164 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain and some snow in lowlands and snow in mountains; moderate summers with occasional showers" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "in the west and south mostly mountains (Alps); along the eastern and northern margins mostly flat or gently sloping" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Neusiedler See 115 m", - "highest_point": "Grossglockner 3,798 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "oil, coal, lignite, timber, iron ore, copper, zinc, antimony, magnesite, tungsten, graphite, salt, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "16.25%", - "permanent_crops": "0.77%", - "other": "82.98% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "1,170 sq km (2007)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "77.7 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "3.66 cu km/yr (18%/79%/3%)", - "per_capita": "452.4 cu m/yr (2008)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "landslides; avalanches; earthquakes" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "some forest degradation caused by air and soil pollution; soil pollution results from the use of agricultural chemicals; air pollution results from emissions by coal- and oil-fired power stations and industrial plants and from trucks transiting Austria between northern and southern Europe" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; strategic location at the crossroads of central Europe with many easily traversable Alpine passes and valleys; major river is the Danube; population is concentrated on eastern lowlands because of steep slopes, poor soils, and low temperatures elsewhere" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Austrian(s)", - "adjective": "Austrian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Austrians 91.1%, former Yugoslavs 4% (includes Croatians, Slovenes, Serbs, and Bosniaks), Turks 1.6%, German 0.9%, other or unspecified 2.4% (2001 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "German (official nationwide) 88.6%, Turkish 2.3%, Serbian 2.2%, Croatian (official in Burgenland) 1.6%, other (includes Slovene, official in Carinthia, and Hungarian, official in Burgenland) 5.3% (2001 census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 73.6%, Protestant 4.7%, Muslim 4.2%, other 3.5%, unspecified 2%, none 12% (2001 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "8,221,646 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "13.7% (male 577,390/female 550,496)", - "15_24_years": "11.8% (male 494,324/female 474,171)", - "25_54_years": "43.1% (male 1,779,534/female 1,766,779)", - "55_64_years": "12.5% (male 506,419/female 520,552)", - "65_years_and_over": "18.9% (male 656,883/female 895,098) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "48.9 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "21.6 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "27.3 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "3.7 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "43.9 years", - "male": "42.8 years", - "female": "44.9 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.02% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "8.73 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "10.31 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "1.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "68% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "VIENNA (capital) 1.72 million (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.97 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.73 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.95 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "28.5 (2011 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "4 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "4.21 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "5.09 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "3.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "80.04 years", - "male": "77.13 years", - "female": "83.1 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.42 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "69.6%", - "note": "percent of women aged 18-46 (2009)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "11% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "4.75 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "7.7 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.3% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "15,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "20.9% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "6% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "98%", - "male": "NA", - "female": "NA" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "16 years", - "male": "15 years", - "female": "16 years (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "8.3%", - "male": "7.9%", - "female": "8.8% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Austria", - "conventional_short_form": "Austria", - "local_long_form": "Republik Oesterreich", - "local_short_form": "Oesterreich" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "federal republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Vienna", - "geographic_coordinates": "48 12 N, 16 22 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "9 states (Bundeslaender, singular - Bundesland); Burgenland, Karnten (Carinthia), Niederoesterreich (Lower Austria), Oberoesterreich (Upper Austria), Salzburg, Steiermark (Styria), Tirol (Tyrol), Vorarlberg, Wien (Vienna)" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "12 November 1918 (republic proclaimed); notable earlier dates: 976 (Margravate of Austria established); 17 September 1156 (Duchy of Austria founded); 11 August 1804 (Austrian Empire proclaimed)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "National Day, 26 October (1955); note - commemorates the passage of the law on permanent neutrality" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "1 October 1920; revised 1929; reinstated 1 May 1945; revised many times; note - during the period 1 May 1934-1 May 1945 there was a fascist (corporative) constitution in place" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts by the Constitutional Court" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "16 years of age; universal; note - reduced from 18 years of age in 2007" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Heinz FISCHER (SPOe) (since 8 July 2004)", - "head_of_government": "Chancellor Werner FAYMANN (SPOe) (since 2 December 2008); Vice Chancellor Michael SPINDELEGGER (OeVP) (since 21 April 2011)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers chosen by the president on the advice of the chancellor", - "elections": "president elected for a six-year term (eligible for a second term) by direct popular vote and formally sworn into office before the Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung; presidential election last held on 25 April 2010 (next to be held on 25 April 2016); chancellor formally chosen by the president but determined by the coalition parties forming a parliamentary majority; vice chancellor chosen by the president on the advice of the chancellor", - "election_results": "Heinz FISCHER reelected president; percent of vote - Heinz FISCHER 79.33%, Barbara ROSENKRANZ 15.24%, Rudolf GEHRING 5.43%", - "note": "government coalition - SPOe and OeVP" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung consists of Federal Council or Bundesrat (62 seats; delegates appointed by state parliaments with each state receiving 3 to 12 seats in proportion to its population; members serve five- or six-year terms) and the National Council or Nationalrat (183 seats; members elected by popular vote for a five-year term under a system of proportional representation with partially-open party lists)", - "elections": "National Council - last held on 28 September 2008 (next to be held by September 2013)", - "election_results": "National Council - percent of vote by party - SPOe 29.3%, OeVP 26%, FPOe 17.5%, BZOe 10.7%, Greens 10.4%, other 6.1%; seats by party - SPOe 57, OeVP 51, FPOe 34, BZOe 21, Greens 20; note - seats by party since 2012 - SPOe 56, OeVP 51, FPOe 34, Greens 20, BZOe 13, Stronach 5, other 4" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Justice or Oberster Gerichtshof (consists of 85 judges organized into 17 senates or panels of five judges each); Constitutional Court or Verfassungsgerichtshof (consists of 20 judges including 6 substitutes; Administrative Court or Verwaltungsgerichtshof - 2 judges plus other members depending on the importance of the case)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges nominated by executive branch departments and appointed by the president; judges serve for life; Constitutional Court judges nominated by several executive branch departments and approved by the president; judges serve for life; Administrative Court judges recommended by executive branch departments and appointed by the president; terms of judges and members determined by the president", - "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal (4); Regional Courts (20); district courts (120); county courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Alliance for the Future of Austria or BZOe [Josef BUCHER]; Austrian People's Party or OeVP [Michael SPINDELEGGER]; Freedom Party of Austria or FPOe [Heinz Christian STRACHE]; Social Democratic Party of Austria or SPOe [Werner FAYMANN]; The Greens [Eva GLAWISCHNIG]; Communist Party of Austria or KPOe [Mirko MESSNER]; \"Team Stronach for Austria\" [Frank STRONACH]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Austrian Trade Union Federation or OeGB (nominally independent but primarily Social Democratic); Federal Economic Chamber; Labor Chamber or AK (Social Democratic-leaning think tank); OeVP-oriented Association of Austrian Industrialists or IV; Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action", - "other": "three composite leagues of the Austrian People's Party or OeVP representing business, labor, farmers, and other nongovernment organizations in the areas of environment and human rights" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIFIL, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Hans Peter MANZ", - "chancery": "3524 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008-3035", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 895-6700", - "fax": "[1] (202) 895-6750", - "consulates_general": "Chicago, Los Angeles, New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador William C. EACHO III", - "embassy": "Boltzmanngasse 16, A-1090, Vienna", - "mailing_address": "use embassy street address", - "telephone": "[43] (1) 31339-0", - "fax": "[43] (1) 3100682" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and red; the flag design is certainly one of the oldest - if not the oldest - national banners in the world; according to tradition, in 1191, following a fierce battle in the Third Crusade, Duke Leopold V of Austria's white tunic became completely blood-spattered; upon removal of his wide belt or sash, a white band was revealed; the red-white-red color combination was subsequently adopted as his banner" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "golden eagle" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Bundeshymne\" (Federal Hymn)", - "lyrics_music": "Paula von PRERADOVIC/Wolfgang Amadeus MOZART or Johann HOLZER (disputed)", - "note": "adopted 1947; the anthem is also known as \"Land der Berge, Land am Strome\" (Land of the Mountains, Land on the River); Austria adopted a new national anthem after World War II to replace the former imperial anthem composed by Franz Josef HAYDN, which had been appropriated by Germany in 1922 and was now associated with the Nazi regime" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Austria, with its well-developed market economy, skilled labor force, and high standard of living, is closely tied to other EU economies, especially Germany's. Its economy features a large service sector, a sound industrial sector, and a small, but highly developed agricultural sector. Following several years of solid foreign demand for Austrian exports and record employment growth, the international financial crisis of 2008 and subsequent global economic downturn led to a sharp but brief recession. Austrian GDP contracted 3.8% in 2009 but saw positive growth of about 2% in 2010 and 2.7% in 2011. Growth fell to 0.6% in 2012. Unemployment did not rise as steeply in Austria as elsewhere in Europe, partly because the government subsidized reduced working hour schemes to allow companies to retain employees. The 2012 unemployment rate of 4.3% was the lowest within the EU. Stabilization measures, stimulus spending, and an income tax reform pushed the budget deficit to 4.5% in 2010 and 2.6% in 2011, from only about 0.9% in 2008. The international financial crisis of 2008 caused difficulties for Austria's largest banks whose extensive operations in central, eastern, and southeastern Europe faced large losses. The government provided bank support - including in some instances, nationalization - to support aggregate demand and stabilize the banking system. Austria's fiscal position compares favorably with other euro-zone countries, but it faces external risks, such as Austrian banks' continued exposure to Central and Eastern Europe as well as political and economic uncertainties caused by the European sovereign debt crisis. In 2011 the government attempted to pass a constitutional amendment limiting public debt to 60% of GDP by 2020, but it was unable to obtain sufficient support in parliament and instead passed the measure as a simple law. In March 2012, the Austrian parliament approved an austerity package consisting of a mix of expenditure cuts and new revenues that will bring public finances into balance by 2016. In 2012, the budget deficit rose to 3.1% of GDP." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$364.9 billion (2012 est.); $362.1 billion (2011 est.); $352.6 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$398.6 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.8% (2012 est.); 2.7% (2011 est.); 2.1% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$43,100 (2012 est.); $43,000 (2011 est.); $42,000 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "25.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 25.2% of GDP (2011 est.); 25.7% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "54.5%", - "government_consumption": "18.8%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "21.5%", - "investment_in_inventories": "1.8%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "57.1%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-53.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "1.5%", - "industry": "30.1%", - "services": "68.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "grains, potatoes, wine, fruit; dairy products, cattle, pigs, poultry; lumber" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "construction, machinery, vehicles and parts, food, metals, chemicals, lumber and wood processing, paper and paperboard, communications equipment, tourism" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "3.726 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "5.5%", - "industry": "26%", - "services": "68.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "4.4% (2012 est.); 4.2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "6.2% (2012)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "4%", - "highest_10%": "22% (2011)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "26.3 (2007); 31 (1995)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$193.8 billion", - "expenditures": "$206.2 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "48.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-3.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "73.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 72.5% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "this is general government gross debt, defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year; it covers the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; as a percentage of GDP, the GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product in current year prices" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.6% (2012 est.); 3.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "2.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 2.95% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$201 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $176.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.)", - "note": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$426.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $400.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$543.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $526.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$100.4 billion (31 December 2012); $88.6 billion (31 December 2011); $120.7 billion (31 December 2010)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$8.09 billion (2012 est.); $7.242 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$160.1 billion (2012 est.); $169.9 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, paper and paperboard, metal goods, chemicals, iron and steel, textiles, foodstuffs" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 31.4%, Italy 7%, France 4.7%, Switzerland 4.5%, US 4.4% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$163.2 billion (2012 est.); $175.4 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, metal goods, oil and oil products; foodstuffs" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 42.1%, Italy 6.6%, Switzerland 5.1% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$27.21 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $25.16 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$808.1 billion (31 December 2012); $786.1 billion (31 December 2011)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$265.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $253.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$331.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $303.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -; 0.7778 (2012 est.); 0.7185 (2011 est.); 0.755 (2010 est.); 0.7198 (2009 est.); 0.6827 (2008 est.)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "69 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "63.8 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "16.75 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "24.98 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "21.11 million kW (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "27.5% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "59.6% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "12.8% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "17,630 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "139,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "85 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "159,200 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "210,700 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "43,010 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "117,100 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "1.6 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "9.27 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "4.96 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "14.28 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "23.9 billion cu m (1 January 2011 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "71 million Mt (2011 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "3.388 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "13.023 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "highly developed and efficient", - "domestic": "fixed-line subscribership has been in decline since the mid-1990s with mobile-cellular subscribership eclipsing it by the late 1990s; the fiber-optic net is very extensive; all telephone applications and Internet services are available", - "international": "country code - 43; satellite earth stations - 15; in addition, there are about 600 VSATs (very small aperture terminals) (2007)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "Austria's public broadcaster, Osterreichischer Rundfunk (ORF), was the main broadcast source until commercial radio and TV service was introduced in the 1990s; cable and satellite TV are available, including German TV stations (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".at" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "3.512 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "6.143 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "52 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "24", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "5", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "4", - "under_914_m": "13 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "28", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "3", - "under_914_m": "24 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 4,736 km; oil 663 km; refined products 157 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "6,399 km", - "standard_gauge": "5,927 km 1.435-m gauge (3,853 km electrified)", - "narrow_gauge": "384 km 1.000-m gauge (15 km electrified); 88 km 0.760-m gauge (10 km electrified) (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "124,508 km", - "paved": "124,508 km (includes 1,719 km of expressways) (2012)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "358 km (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "registered_in_other_countries": "3 (Cyprus 1, Kazakhstan 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "river_ports": "Enns, Krems, Linz, Vienna (Danube)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Land Forces (KdoLdSK), Air Forces (KdoLuSK)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "registration requirement at age 17, the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; 18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory service; males under the age of 35 must complete basic military training (6 month duration); males 18 to 50 years old in the militia or inactive reserve are subject to compulsory service (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,941,110", - "females_age_16_49": "1,910,434 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,579,862", - "females_age_16_49": "1,554,130 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "48,108", - "female": "45,752 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.8% of GDP (2009)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "19,517 (Russia); 10,158 (Afghanistan) (2012)", - "stateless_persons": "542 (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; increasing consumption of European-produced synthetic drugs" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/az-azerbaijan.json b/europe/az-azerbaijan.json deleted file mode 100644 index 089c3133..00000000 --- a/europe/az-azerbaijan.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,626 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Azerbaijan - a nation with a majority-Turkic and majority-Shia Muslim population - was briefly independent (from 1918 to 1920) following the collapse of the Russian Empire; it was subsequently incorporated into the Soviet Union for seven decades. Azerbaijan has yet to resolve its conflict with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh, a primarily Armenian-populated region that Moscow recognized in 1923 as an autonomous region within Soviet Azerbaijan after Armenia and Azerbaijan disputed the status of the territory. Armenia and Azerbaijan began fighting over the area in 1988; the struggle escalated after both countries attained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By May 1994, when a cease-fire took hold, ethnic Armenian forces held not only Nagorno-Karabakh but also seven surrounding provinces in the territory of Azerbaijan. The OSCE Minsk Group, co-chaired by the United States, France, and Russia, is the framework established to mediate a peaceful resolution of the conflict. Corruption in the country is widespread, and the government, which eliminated presidential term limits in a 2009 referendum, has been accused of authoritarianism. Although the poverty rate has been reduced and infrastructure investment has increased substantially in recent years due to revenue from oil and gas production, reforms have not adequately addressed weaknesses in most government institutions, particularly in the education and health sectors. In January 2012, Azerbaijan assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2012-13 term." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southwestern Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Russia, with a small European portion north of the Caucasus range" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "40 30 N, 47 30 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Middle East" - }, - "area": { - "total": "86,600 sq km", - "land": "82,629 sq km", - "water": "3,971 sq km", - "note": "includes the exclave of Naxcivan Autonomous Republic and the Nagorno-Karabakh region; the region's autonomy was abolished by Azerbaijani Supreme Soviet on 26 November 1991" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Maine" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "2,013 km", - "border_countries": "Armenia (with Azerbaijan-proper) 566 km, Armenia (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave) 221 km, Georgia 322 km, Iran (with Azerbaijan-proper) 432 km, Iran (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave) 179 km, Russia 284 km, Turkey 9 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked); note - Azerbaijan borders the Caspian Sea (713 km)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "dry, semiarid steppe" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "large, flat Kur-Araz Ovaligi (Kura-Araks Lowland, much of it below sea level) with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north, Qarabag Yaylasi (Karabakh Upland) in west; Baku lies on Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) that juts into Caspian Sea" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Caspian Sea -28 m", - "highest_point": "Bazarduzu Dagi 4,485 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, nonferrous metals, bauxite" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "21.78%", - "permanent_crops": "2.62%", - "other": "75.6% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "14,250 sq km (2010)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "34.68 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "12.21 cu km/yr (4%/18%/78%)", - "per_capita": "1,384 cu m/yr (2010)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "droughts" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "local scientists consider the Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) (including Baku and Sumqayit) and the Caspian Sea to be the ecologically most devastated area in the world because of severe air, soil, and water pollution; soil pollution results from oil spills, from the use of DDT pesticide, and from toxic defoliants used in the production of cotton" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "both the main area of the country and the Naxcivan exclave are landlocked" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Azerbaijani(s)", - "adjective": "Azerbaijani" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Azeri 90.6%, Dagestani 2.2%, Russian 1.8%, Armenian 1.5%, other 3.9% (1999 census)", - "note": "almost all Armenians live in the separatist Nagorno-Karabakh region" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Azerbaijani (Azeri) (official) 90.3%, Lezgi 2.2%, Russian 1.8%, Armenian 1.5%, other 3.3%, unspecified 1% (1999 census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim 93.4%, Russian Orthodox 2.5%, Armenian Orthodox 2.3%, other 1.8% (1995 est.)", - "note": "religious affiliation is still nominal in Azerbaijan; percentages for actual practicing adherents are much lower" - }, - "population": { - "text": "9,590,159 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "22.6% (male 1,164,189/female 1,006,483)", - "15_24_years": "18.3% (male 905,277/female 849,642)", - "25_54_years": "44.9% (male 2,092,945/female 2,209,623)", - "55_64_years": "7.9% (male 350,068/female 410,765)", - "65_years_and_over": "6.3% (male 229,244/female 371,923) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "38.5 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "30.8 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "7.8 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "12.9 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "29.8 years", - "male": "28.2 years", - "female": "31.6 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.01% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "17.17 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "7.11 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "53.6% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.64% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "BAKU (capital) 2.123 million (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.13 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.16 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.94 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.85 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.62 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "24.4 (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "43 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "27.69 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "28.46 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "26.82 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "71.61 years", - "male": "68.65 years", - "female": "74.97 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.92 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "51.1% (2006)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "5.9% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "3.79 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "7.5 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 88% of population; rural: 71% of population; total: 80% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 12% of population; rural: 29% of population; total: 20% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 86% of population; rural: 78% of population; total: 82% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 14% of population; rural: 22% of population; total: 18% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "3,600 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 200 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "23.8% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "8.4% (2006)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "2.8% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99.8%", - "male": "99.9%", - "female": "99.7% (2010 census)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "12 years", - "male": "12 years", - "female": "12 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "106,626", - "percentage": "7 % (2005 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "14.7%", - "male": "14.2%", - "female": "15.2% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Azerbaijan", - "conventional_short_form": "Azerbaijan", - "local_long_form": "Azarbaycan Respublikasi", - "local_short_form": "Azarbaycan", - "former": "Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Baku (Baki, Baky)", - "geographic_coordinates": "40 23 N, 49 52 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "66 rayons (rayonlar; rayon - singular), 11 cities (saharlar; sahar - singular);", - "rayons": "Abseron, Agcabadi, Agdam, Agdas, Agstafa, Agsu, Astara, Babak, Balakan, Barda, Beylaqan, Bilasuvar, Cabrayil, Calilabad, Culfa, Daskasan, Fuzuli, Gadabay, Goranboy, Goycay, Goygol, Haciqabul, Imisli, Ismayilli, Kalbacar, Kangarli, Kurdamir, Lacin, Lankaran, Lerik, Masalli, Neftcala, Oguz, Ordubad, Qabala, Qax, Qazax, Qobustan, Quba, Qubadli, Qusar, Saatli, Sabirabad, Sabran, Sadarak, Sahbuz, Saki, Salyan, Samaxi, Samkir, Samux, Sarur, Siyazan, Susa, Tartar, Tovuz, Ucar, Xacmaz, Xizi, Xocali, Xocavand, Yardimli, Yevlax, Zangilan, Zaqatala, Zardab", - "cities": "Baku, Ganca, Lankaran, Mingacevir, Naftalan, Naxcivan (Nakhichevan), Saki, Sirvan, Sumqayit, Xankandi, Yevlax" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "30 August 1991 (declared from the Soviet Union); 18 October 1991 (adopted by the Supreme Council of Azerbaijan)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Founding of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan, 28 May (1918)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "adopted 12 November 1995; modified by referendum 24 August 2002" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Ilham ALIYEV (since 31 October 2003)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Artur RASIZADE (since 4 November 2003); First Deputy Prime Minister Yaqub EYYUBOV (since June 2006)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for unlimited terms); election last held on 15 October 2008 (next to be held in October 2013); prime minister and first deputy prime minister appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly", - "election_results": "Ilham ALIYEV reelected president; percent of vote - Ilham ALIYEV 89%, Igbal AGAZADE 2.9%, other 8.1%", - "note": "several political parties boycotted the election due to perceived unfair conditions; OSCE observers concluded that the election did not meet international standards" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Milli Mejlis (125 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 7 November 2010 (next to be held in November 2015)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - YAP 45.8%, CSP 1.6%, Motherland 1.4%, independents 48.2%, other 3.1%; seats by party - YAP 71, CSP 3, Motherland 2, Democratic Reforms 1, Great Creation 1, Hope Party 1, Social Welfare 1, Civil Unity 1, Whole Azerbaijan Popular Front 1, Justice 1, independents 42" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the chairman, deputy chairman, and at least 24 judges in plenum sessions); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the Milli Majlis; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court chairman and deputy chairman appointed by the president; other court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the Milli Majlis to serve single 15-year terms", - "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal (replaced the Economic Court in 2002); district and municipal courts;" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Azerbaijan Democratic Party or ADP [Sardar JALALOGLU]; Civil Solidarity Party or CSP [Sabir RUSTAMKHANLI]; Civil Unity Party [Sabir HACIYEV]; Classic People's Front of Azerbaijan [Mirmahmud MIRALI-OGLU]; Democratic Reforms Party or PDR [Asim MOLLAZADE]; Great Creation Party [Fazil Gazanfaroglu MUSTAFAYEV]; Hope (Umid) Party [Iqbal AGAZADE]; Justice Party [Ilyas ISMAYILOV]; Liberal Party of Azerbaijan [Lala Shovkat HACIYEVA, Avaz TEMIRKHAN]; Motherland Party [Fazail AGAMALI]; Musavat (Equality) [Isa GAMBAR, chairman]; Open Society Party [Sulhaddin AKBAR, Rasul GULIYEV (in exile in the US)]; Social Democratic Party of Azerbaijan or SDP [Araz ALIZADE and Ayaz MUTALIBOV (in exile)]; Social Welfare Party [Hussein KAZIMLI]; United Popular Azerbaijan Front Party or AXCP [Ali KARIMLI]; Whole Azerbaijan Popular Front Party [Gudrat HASANGULIYEV]; Yeni (New) Azerbaijan Party or YAP [President Ilham ALIYEV]", - "note": "opposition parties regularly factionalize and form new parties" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Azerbaijan Public Forum [Eldar NAMAZOV]; Karabakh Liberation Organization; Forum of Intelligentsia [Rustam IBRAHIMBEYOV]; Public Chamber; Republican Alternative (REAL) [Ilgar MAMMADOV]; NIDA Youth Movement [Turgut GAMBAR, Zaur GURBANLI]; Positive Change Youth Movement [Bakhtiyar HAJIYEV]; Ireli Youth Movement [Rauf MERDIYEV]; Ol! Youth Movement [Vugar SALAMLI]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB, BSEC, CD, CE, CICA, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (compliant country), FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SELEC (observer), UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Elin SULEYMANOV", - "chancery": "2741 34th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 337-3500", - "fax": "[1] (202) 337-5911", - "consulates_general": "Los Angeles" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Richard L. MORNINGSTAR", - "embassy": "83 Azadlig Prospecti, Baku AZ1007", - "mailing_address": "American Embassy Baku, US Department of State, 7050 Baku Place, Washington, DC 20521-7050", - "telephone": "[994] (12) 4980-335 through 337", - "fax": "[994] (12) 4656-671" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), red, and green; a crescent and eight-pointed star in white are centered in the red band; the blue band recalls Azerbaijan's Turkic heritage, red stands for modernization and progress, and green refers to Islam; the crescent moon is an Islamic symbol, while the eight-pointed star represents the eight Turkic peoples of the world" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "flames of fire" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Azerbaijan Marsi\" (March of Azerbaijan)", - "lyrics_music": "Ahmed JAVAD/Uzeyir HAJIBEYOV", - "note": "adopted 1992; although originally written in 1919 during a brief period of independence, \"Azerbaijan Marsi\" did not become the official anthem until after the dissolution of the Soviet Union" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Azerbaijan's high economic growth during 2006-10 was attributable to large and growing oil and gas exports, but some non-export sectors also featured double-digit growth, including construction, banking, and real estate. In 2012, economic growth picked up to 3.8%. Continued production declines in the oil sector were offset by strong growth in the non-oil sector. However, the non-oil sector growth may be driven primarily by government investment, which may not be sustainable if oil production continues to decline. Oil exports through the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline, the Baku-Novorossiysk, and the Baku-Supsa pipelines remain the main economic driver, but efforts to boost Azerbaijan's gas production are underway. The eventual completion of the geopolitically important Southern Gas Corridor between Azerbaijan and Europe will open up another, albeit, smaller source of revenue from gas exports. Azerbaijan has made only limited progress on instituting market-based economic reforms. Pervasive public and private sector corruption and structural economic inefficiencies remain a drag on long-term growth, particularly in non-energy sectors. Several other obstacles impede Azerbaijan's economic progress, including the need for stepped up foreign investment in the non-energy sector and the continuing conflict with Armenia over the Nagorno-Karabakh region. Trade with Russia and the other former Soviet republics is declining in importance, while trade is building with Turkey and the nations of Europe. Long-term prospects depend on world oil prices, Azerbaijan's ability to negotiate export routes for its growing gas production, and its ability to use its energy wealth to promote growth and spur employment in non-energy sectors of the economy." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$98.36 billion (2012 est.); $96.28 billion (2011 est.); $96.19 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$68.8 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.2% (2012 est.); 0.1% (2011 est.); 5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$10,700 (2012 est.); $10,600 (2011 est.); $10,700 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "41.5% of GDP (2012 est.); 45.1% of GDP (2011 est.); 46.5% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "39.6%", - "government_consumption": "10.3%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "22.5%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.1%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "50.9%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-23.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "6%", - "industry": "63.8%", - "services": "30.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "cotton, grain, rice, grapes, fruit, vegetables, tea, tobacco; cattle, pigs, sheep, goats" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "petroleum and natural gas, petroleum products, oilfield equipment; steel, iron ore; cement; chemicals and petrochemicals; textiles" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-2.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "6.206 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "38.3%", - "industry": "12.1%", - "services": "49.6% (2008)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "1% (2012 est.); 6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "11% (2009 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.4%", - "highest_10%": "27.4% (2008)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "33.7 (2008); 36.5 (2001)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$22 billion", - "expenditures": "$21.77 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "32% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "0.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "5.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 7.5% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "1.8% (2012 est.); 8.1% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "5% (31 December 2012 est.); 5.25% (31 December 2011 est.)", - "note": "this is the Refinancing Rate, the key policy rate for the National Bank of Azerbaijan" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "18.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 19% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$14.15 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $11.22 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$17.68 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $13.19 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$17.01 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $12.72 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$12.3 billion (2012 est.); $17.15 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$30.96 billion (2012 est.); $34.49 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "oil and gas 90%, machinery, cotton, foodstuffs" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Italy 25.9%, France 7.7%, India 6.7%, Indonesia 6.6%, Germany 5.6%, Israel 5.1% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$10.06 billion (2012 est.); $10.17 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, oil products, foodstuffs, metals, chemicals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Turkey 18.6%, Russia 14.3%, China 7.8%, Germany 7.2%, UK 7.1%, US 5.1%, Ukraine 5% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$11.28 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $10.27 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$7.608 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $7.492 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$11.85 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $10.35 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$6.923 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.323 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Azerbaijani manats (AZN) per US dollar -; 0.7857 (2012 est.); 0.7897 (2011 est.); 0.8027 (2010 est.); 0.8038 (2009); 0.8219 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "20 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "13.48 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "380 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "110 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "5.798 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "82.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "17.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "987,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "821,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "7 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "161,100 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "168,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "63,950 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "1,426 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "16.68 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "9.921 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "6.755 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "849.5 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "35.12 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "1.684 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "10.12 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "requires considerable expansion and modernization; fixed-line telephone and a broad range of other telecom services are controlled by a state-owned telecommunications monopoly and growth has been stagnant; more competition exists in the mobile-cellular market with four providers in 2009", - "domestic": "teledensity of 17 fixed lines per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity has increased and now exceeds 100 telephones per 100 persons; satellite service connects Baku to a modern switch in its exclave of Naxcivan (Nakhichevan)", - "international": "country code - 994; the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic link transits Azerbaijan providing international connectivity to neighboring countries; the old Soviet system of cable and microwave is still serviceable; satellite earth stations - 2 (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "3 state-run and 1 public TV channels; 4 domestic commercial TV stations and about 15 regional TV stations; cable TV services are available in Baku; 1 state-run and 1 public radio network operating; a small number of private commercial radio stations broadcasting; local FM relays of Baku commercial stations are available in many localities; local relays of several international broadcasters had been available until late 2008 when their broadcasts were banned from FM frequencies (2010)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".az" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "46,856 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "2.42 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "37 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "30", - "over_3_047_m": "5", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "5", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "13", - "914_to_1_523_m": "4", - "under_914_m": "3 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "7", - "under_914_m": "7 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2012)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "condensate 89 km; gas 3,890 km; oil 2,446 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "2,918 km", - "broad_gauge": "2,918 km 1.520-m gauge (1,278 km electrified) (2009)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "52,942 km", - "paved": "26,789 km", - "unpaved": "26,153 km (2006)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "90", - "by_type": "cargo 27, chemical tanker 1, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 8, petroleum tanker 47, roll on/roll off 3, specialized tanker 2", - "foreign_owned": "1 (Turkey 1)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "2 (Malta 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Baku (Baki) located on the Caspian Sea" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Army, Navy, Air, and Air Defense Forces (2010)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "men between 18 and 35 are liable for military service; length of service is 18 months and 12 months for university graduates; 17 years of age for voluntary service; 17 year olds are considered to be on active service at cadet military schools (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,354,249", - "females_age_16_49": "2,334,632 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,773,993", - "females_age_16_49": "1,964,012 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "76,923", - "female": "71,024 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "2.6% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia ratified the Caspian seabed delimitation treaties based on equidistance, while Iran continues to insist on a one-fifth slice of the sea; the dispute over the break-away Nagorno-Karabakh region and the Armenian military occupation of surrounding lands in Azerbaijan remains the primary focus of regional instability; residents have evacuated the former Soviet-era small ethnic enclaves in Armenia and Azerbaijan; local border forces struggle to control the illegal transit of goods and people across the porous, undemarcated Armenian, Azerbaijani, and Georgian borders; bilateral talks continue with Turkmenistan on dividing the seabed and contested oilfields in the middle of the Caspian" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "idps": "600,000 (conflict with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh) (2013)", - "stateless_persons": "3,585 (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for CIS consumption; small government eradication program; transit point for Southwest Asian opiates bound for Russia and to a lesser extent the rest of Europe" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/ba-bosnia-n-herzegovina.json b/europe/ba-bosnia-n-herzegovina.json deleted file mode 100644 index e998c091..00000000 --- a/europe/ba-bosnia-n-herzegovina.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,606 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Bosnia and Herzegovina's declaration of sovereignty in October 1991 was followed by a declaration of independence from the former Yugoslavia on 3 March 1992 after a referendum boycotted by ethnic Serbs. The Bosnian Serbs - supported by neighboring Serbia and Montenegro - responded with armed resistance aimed at partitioning the republic along ethnic lines and joining Serb-held areas to form a \"Greater Serbia.\" In March 1994, Bosniaks and Croats reduced the number of warring factions from three to two by signing an agreement creating a joint Bosniak/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. On 21 November 1995, in Dayton, Ohio, the warring parties initialed a peace agreement that brought to a halt three years of interethnic civil strife (the final agreement was signed in Paris on 14 December 1995). The Dayton Peace Accords retained Bosnia and Herzegovina's international boundaries and created a multi-ethnic and democratic government charged with conducting foreign, diplomatic, and fiscal policy. Also recognized was a second tier of government composed of two entities roughly equal in size: the Bosniak/Bosnian Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska (RS). The Federation and RS governments are responsible for overseeing most government functions. Additionally, the Dayton Accords established the Office of the High Representative (OHR) to oversee the implementation of the civilian aspects of the agreement. The Peace Implementation Council (PIC) at its conference in Bonn in 1997 also gave the High Representative the authority to impose legislation and remove officials, the so-called \"Bonn Powers.\" An original NATO-led international peacekeeping force (IFOR) of 60,000 troops assembled in 1995 was succeeded over time by a smaller, NATO-led Stabilization Force (SFOR). In 2004, European Union peacekeeping troops (EUFOR) replaced SFOR. Currently EUFOR deploys around 600 troops in theater in a policing capacity." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Croatia" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "44 00 N, 18 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "51,197 sq km", - "land": "51,187 sq km", - "water": "10 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than West Virginia" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,538 km", - "border_countries": "Croatia 932 km, Montenegro 249 km, Serbia 357 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "20 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "no data available" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mountains and valleys" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Adriatic Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Maglic 2,386 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "coal, iron ore, bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, cobalt, manganese, nickel, clay, gypsum, salt, sand, timber, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "19.63%", - "permanent_crops": "1.99%", - "other": "78.38% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "30 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "37.5 cu km (2011)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "destructive earthquakes" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "air pollution from metallurgical plants; sites for disposing of urban waste are limited; water shortages and destruction of infrastructure because of the 1992-95 civil strife; deforestation" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "within Bosnia and Herzegovina's recognized borders, the country is divided into a joint Bosniak/Croat Federation (about 51% of the territory) and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska or RS (about 49% of the territory); the region called Herzegovina is contiguous to Croatia and Montenegro, and traditionally has been settled by an ethnic Croat majority in the west and an ethnic Serb majority in the east" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Bosnian(s), Herzegovinian(s)", - "adjective": "Bosnian, Herzegovinian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Bosniak 48%, Serb 37.1%, Croat 14.3%, other 0.6% (2000)", - "note": "Bosniak has replaced Muslim as an ethnic term in part to avoid confusion with the religious term Muslim - an adherent of Islam" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Bosnian (official), Croatian (official), Serbian" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim 40%, Orthodox 31%, Roman Catholic 15%, other 14%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "3,875,723 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "14% (male 279,293/female 262,552)", - "15_24_years": "13% (male 260,430/female 243,589)", - "25_54_years": "46.8% (male 910,266/female 905,184)", - "55_64_years": "13.2% (male 243,936/female 268,614)", - "65_years_and_over": "12.9% (male 194,743/female 307,116) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "45.5 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "22.9 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "22.7 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "4.4 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "40.4 years", - "male": "39 years", - "female": "41.7 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.1% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "8.92 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "9.53 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "49% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "SARAJEVO (capital) 389,000 (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.9 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.63 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.95 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "25.9 (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "8 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "5.97 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "6.02 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "5.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "76.12 years", - "male": "73.13 years", - "female": "79.34 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.25 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "45.8% (2012)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "11.1% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.42 physicians/1,000 population (2005)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "3.4 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 98% of population; total: 99% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 2% of population; total: 1% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 92% of population; total: 95% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 8% of population; total: 5% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "less than 0.1% (2007 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "900 (2007 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "100 (2001 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "26.5% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "1.6% (2006)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "98%", - "male": "99.5%", - "female": "96.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "14 years", - "male": "13 years", - "female": "14 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "24,722", - "percentage": "5 % (2006 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "57.5%", - "male": "56.8%", - "female": "60% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "none", - "conventional_short_form": "Bosnia and Herzegovina", - "local_long_form": "none", - "local_short_form": "Bosna i Hercegovina", - "former": "People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "emerging federal democratic republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Sarajevo", - "geographic_coordinates": "43 52 N, 18 25 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "2 first-order administrative divisions and 1 internationally supervised district* - Brcko District (Brcko Distrikt)*, the Bosniak/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine) and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska; note - Brcko District is in northeastern Bosnia and is a self-governing administrative unit under the sovereignty of Bosnia and Herzegovina and formally held in condominium between the two entities" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "1 March 1992 (from Yugoslavia; referendum for independence completed on 1 March 1992; independence declared on 3 March 1992)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "National Day (Statehood Day), 25 November (1943); note - observed only in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina entity" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "the Dayton Peace Accords, signed 14 December 1995 in Paris, included a constitution; note - each of the entities and cantons also has its own constitution" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system; Constitutional Court review of legislative acts" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age, 16 if employed; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "Chairman of the Presidency Nebojsa RADMANOVIC (chairman since November 2012; presidency member since 6 November 2006 - Serb); other members of the three-member presidency rotate every eight months: Bakir IZETBEGOVIC (presidency member since 10 November 2010 - Bosniak); Zeljko KOMSIC (presidency member since 6 November 2006 - Croat)", - "head_of_government": "Chairman of the Council of Ministers Vjekoslav BEVANDA (since 12 January 2012)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers nominated by the council chairman; approved by the state-level House of Representatives", - "elections": "the three members of the presidency (one Bosniak, one Croat, one Serb) elected by popular vote for a four-year term (eligible for a second term, but then ineligible for four years) by constituencies referring to the three ethnic groups; the candidate with the most votes in a constituency is elected; the chairmanship rotates every eight months and resumes where it left off following each general election; election last held on 3 October 2010 (next to be held in October 2014); the chairman of the Council of Ministers appointed by the presidency and confirmed by the state-level House of Representatives", - "election_results": "percent of vote - Nebojsa RADMANOVIC with 48.9% of the votes for the Serb seat; Zeljko KOMSIC with 60.6% of the votes for the Croat seat; Bakir IZETBEGOVIC with 34.9% of the votes for the Bosniak seat", - "note": "President of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Zivko BUDIMIR (since 17 March 2011); Vice Presidents Spomenka MICIC (since 21 February 2007) and Mirsad KEBO (since 21 February 2007); President of the Republika Srpska: Milorad DODIK (since 15 November 2010)" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliamentary Assembly or Skupstina consists of the House of Peoples or Dom Naroda (15 seats, 5 Bosniak, 5 Croat, 5 Serb; members designated by the Bosniak/Croat Federation's House of Peoples and the Republika Srpska's National Assembly to serve four-year terms); and the state-level House of Representatives or Predstavnicki Dom (42 seats, 28 seats allocated for the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and 14 seats for the Republika Srpska; members elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms); note - Bosnia's election law specifies four-year terms for the state and first-order administrative division entity legislatures", - "elections": "House of Peoples - last constituted in 9 June 2011 (next likely to be constituted in 2015); state-level House of Representatives - elections last held on 3 October 2010 (next to be held in October 2014)", - "election_results": "House of Peoples - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; seats by party/coalition - NA; state-level House of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; seats by party/coalition - SDP BiH 8, SNSD 8, SDA 7, SDS 4, SBB BiH 4, HDZ-BiH 3, SBiH 2, HDZ-1990/HSP BiH 2, other 4", - "note": "the Bosniak/Croat Federation has a bicameral legislature that consists of a House of Peoples (58 seats - 17 Bosniak, 17 Croat, 17 Serb, 7 other); last constituted May 2011 (next likely to be constituted in 2015); and a House of Representatives (98 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms); elections last held on 3 October 2010 (next to be held in October 2014); percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party/coalition - SDP BiH 28, SDA 23, SBB BiH 13, HDZ-BiH 12, SBiH 9, NSRzB 5, HDZ-1990 3, HSP 3, DNZ 1, PDP, 1; the Republika Srpska has a National Assembly (83 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms); elections last held on 3 October 2010 (next to be held in October 2014); percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party/coalition - SNSD 37, SDS 18, PDP 7, DNS 6, SPRS 4, DP 3, SDP BiH 3, SDA 2, NDS 2 SRS-RS 1; as a result of the 2002 constitutional reform process, a 28-member Republika Srpska Council of Peoples (COP) was established in the Republika Srpska National Assembly including 8 Croats, 8 Bosniaks, 8 Serbs, and 4 members of the smaller communities" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "BiH Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members); Court of BiH (consists of 44 national judges and 7 international judges organized into three divisions - Administrative, Appellate, and Criminal, which includes a War Crimes Chamber)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "BiH Constitutional Court judges - 4 selected by the Bosniak/Croat Federation's House of Representatives, 2 selected by the Republika Srpska's National Assembly, and 3 non-Bosnian judges selected by the president of the European Court of Human Rights; Court of BiH president and national judges appointed by the High Judicial and Prosecutorial Council; Court of BiH president appointed for renewable 6-year term; other national judges appointed to serve until age 70; international judges recommended by the president of the Court of BiH and appointed by the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina; international judges appointed to serve until age 70", - "subordinate_courts": "the Federation has 10 cantonal courts plus a number of municipal courts; the Republika Srpska has a supreme court, 5 district courts, and a number of municipal courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Alliance for a Better Future of BiH or SBB BiH [Fahrudin RADONCIC]; Alliance of Independent Social Democrats or SNSD [Milorad DODIK]; Bosnian Party or BOSS [Mirnes AJANOVIC]; Bosnian Patriotic Party or BPS [Sefer HALILOVIC]; Civic Democratic Party or GDS [Ibrahim SPAHIC]; Croat Peasants' Party-New Croat Initiative or HSS-NHI [Ante COLAK]; Croatian Christian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina or HKDU [Ivan MUSA]; Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina or HDZ-BiH [Dragan COVIC]; Croatian Democratic Union 1990 or HDZ-1990 [Bozo LJUBIC]; Croatian Party of Rights of Bosnia and Herzegovina or HSP BiH [Zvonko JURISIC]; Democratic National Union or DNZ [Rifat DOLIC]; Democratic Party or DP [Dragan CAVIC]; Democratic Peoples' Alliance or DNS [Marko PAVIC]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDS [Amir HUSARIC]; Nasa Stranka or NS [Denis GRATZ]; New Socialist Party or NSP [Zdravko KRSMANOVIC]; Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina or SBiH [Amer JERLAGIC]; Party of Democratic Action or SDA [Sulejman TIHIC]; Party of Democratic Progress or PDP [Mladen IVANIC]; 'People's' Party of Work for Progress or NSRzB [Mladen IVANKOVIC-LIJANOVIC]; Serb Democratic Party or SDS [Mladen BOSIC]; Serb Radical Party of the Republika Srpska or SRS-RS [Milanko MIHAJLICA]; Serb Radical Party-Dr. Vojislav Seselj or SRS-VS [Nemanja SAROVIC]; Social Democratic Party of BiH or SDP BiH [Zlatko LAGUMDZIJA]; Social Democratic Union or SDU [Nermin PECANAC]; Socialist Party of Republika Srpska or SPRS [Petar DJOKIC]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "other": "war veterans; displaced persons associations; family associations of missing persons; private media" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "BIS, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), OAS (observer), OIC (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Jadranka NEGODIC", - "chancery": "2109 E Street NW, Washington, DC 20037", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 337-1500", - "fax": "[1] (202) 337-1502", - "consulates_general": "Chicago, New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Patrick S. MOON", - "embassy": "1 Robert C. Frasure Street, 71000 Sarajevo", - "mailing_address": "use embassy street address", - "telephone": "[387] (33) 704-000", - "fax": "[387] (33) 659-722", - "branch_offices": "Banja Luka, Mostar" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "a wide medium blue vertical band on the fly side with a yellow isosceles triangle abutting the band and the top of the flag; the remainder of the flag is medium blue with seven full five-pointed white stars and two half stars top and bottom along the hypotenuse of the triangle; the triangle approximates the shape of the country and its three points stand for the constituent peoples - Bosniaks, Croats, and Serbs; the stars represent Europe and are meant to be continuous (thus the half stars at top and bottom); the colors (white, blue, and yellow) are often associated with neutrality and peace, and traditionally are linked with Bosnia" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "golden lily" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Drzavna himna Bosne i Hercegovine\" (The National Anthem of Bosnia and Herzegovina)", - "lyrics_music": "Dusan SESTIC and Benjamin ISOVIC/Dusan SESTIC", - "note": "music adopted 1999; lyrics adopted 2009" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Bosnia has a transitional economy with limited market reforms. The economy relies heavily on the export of metals as well as on remittances and foreign aid. A highly decentralized government hampers economic policy coordination and reform, while excessive bureaucracy and a segmented market discourage foreign investment. The interethnic warfare in Bosnia and Herzegovina caused production to plummet by 80% from 1992 to 1995 and unemployment to soar. With an uneasy peace in place, output recovered in 1996-99 but slowed in 2000-02 and picked up again during 2003-08, when GDP growth exceeded 5% per year. However, the country experienced a decline in GDP of nearly 3% in 2009 reflecting local effects of the global economic crisis. GDP has stagnated since then. Foreign banks, primarily from Austria and Italy, now control most of the banking sector. The konvertibilna marka (convertible mark or BAM) - the national currency introduced in 1998 - is pegged to the euro, and confidence in the currency and the banking sector has increased. Bosnia's private sector is growing, but foreign investment has dropped off sharply since 2007. Government spending, at roughly 50% of GDP, remains high because of redundant government offices at the state, entity and municipal level. Privatization of state enterprises has been slow, particularly in the Federation, where political division between ethnically-based political parties makes agreement on economic policy more difficult. High unemployment remains the most serious macroeconomic problem. Successful implementation of a value-added tax in 2006 provided a predictable source of revenue for the government and helped rein in gray-market activity. National-level statistics have also improved over time but a large share of economic activity remains unofficial and unrecorded. Bosnia and Herzegovina became a full member of the Central European Free Trade Agreement in September 2007. Bosnia and Herzegovina's top economic priorities are: acceleration of integration into the EU; strengthening the fiscal system; public administration reform; World Trade Organization (WTO) membership; and securing economic growth by fostering a dynamic, competitive private sector. In 2009, Bosnia and Herzegovina was granted an International Monetary Fund (IMF) stand-by arrangement, necessitated by sharply increased social spending and a fiscal crisis exacerbated by the global economic downturn. Disbursement of IMF aid was suspended in 2011 after a parliamentary deadlock left Bosnia without a state-level government for over a year. The IMF concluded a new stand-by arrangement with Bosnia in October 2012, with the first tranches paid in November and December 2012." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$32.43 billion (2012 est.); $32.66 billion (2011 est.); $32.25 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$17.33 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.7% (2012 est.); 1.3% (2011 est.); 0.7% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$8,400 (2012 est.); $8,400 (2011 est.); $8,300 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "79.8%", - "government_consumption": "22.1%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "20.7%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "42.3%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-64.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "8.2%", - "industry": "26.2%", - "services": "65.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "wheat, corn, fruits, vegetables; livestock" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "steel, coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese, bauxite, aluminum, vehicle assembly, textiles, tobacco products, wooden furniture, ammunition, domestic appliances, oil refining" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-4.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "2.6 million (2010 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "20.5%", - "industry": "32.6%", - "services": "47% (2008)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "43.3% (2011 est.); 43.1% (2010 est.)", - "note": "official rate; actual rate is lower as many technically unemployed persons work in the gray economy" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "18.6% (2007 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.7%", - "highest_10%": "27.3% (2007)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "36.2 (2007)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$7.949 billion", - "expenditures": "$8.535 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "45.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-3.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "43.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 40.6% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions." - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.1% (2012 est.); 3.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "6.73% (31 December 2012 est.); 7.14% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$4.111 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.092 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$9.577 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $9.538 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$10.67 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $10.13 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$1.362 billion (2012 est.); -$1.583 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$3.306 billion (2012 est.); $3.653 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "metals, clothing, wood products" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Slovenia 17.3%, Croatia 16.5%, Italy 13.6%, Germany 12.8%, Austria 12.7% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$8.849 billion (2012 est.); $9.591 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Croatia 21.1%, Germany 12.5%, Slovenia 12.4%, Italy 9%, Russia 7.3%, Austria 6.1%, Hungary 4.9%, Greece 4.3% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$4.283 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.15 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$10.87 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $10.73 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "konvertibilna markas (BAM) per US dollar -; 1.5213 (2012 est.); 1.4069 (2011 est.); 1.4767 (2010 est.); 1.4079 (2009); 1.3083 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "15.04 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "10.17 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "5.877 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "2.887 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "4.341 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "44.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "55.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "4,274 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "3,304 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "27,540 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "23,950 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "210 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "390 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "20.14 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "955,900 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "3.171 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "post-war reconstruction of the telecommunications network, aided by a internationally sponsored program, resulting in sharp increases in the number of fixed telephone lines available", - "domestic": "fixed-line teledensity roughly 25 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership has been increasing rapidly and, stands at roughly 80 telephones per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 387; no satellite earth stations (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "3 public TV broadcasters: Radio and TV of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Federation TV (operating 2 networks), and Republika Srpska Radio-TV; a local commercial network of 5 TV stations; 3 private, near-national TV stations and dozens of small independent TV stations broadcasting; 3 large public radio broadcasters and many private radio stations (2010)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ba" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "155,252 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "1.422 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "24 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "7", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "4", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "17", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "5", - "under_914_m": "11 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "6 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 147 km; oil 9 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "601 km", - "standard_gauge": "601 km 1.435-m gauge (392 km electrified) (2009)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "22,926 km", - "paved": "19,426 km (4,652 km of interurban roads)", - "unpaved": "3,500 km (2010)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "(Sava River on northern border; open to shipping but use limited) (2011)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "river_ports": "Bosanska Gradiska, Bosanski Brod, Bosanski Samac, Brcko, Orasje (Sava River)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina (AFBiH): Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Air and Air Defense Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Zrakoplovstvo i Protuzracna Obrana, ZPO) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; mandatory retirement at age 35 or after 15 years of service (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,180,829", - "females_age_16_49": "1,143,919 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "968,242", - "females_age_16_49": "937,327 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "26,601", - "female": "24,879 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.4% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Serbia delimited about half of the boundary with Bosnia and Herzegovina, but sections along the Drina River remain in dispute" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "6,733 (Croatia) (2012)", - "idps": "113,000 (Bosnian Croats, Serbs, and Bosniaks displaced in 1992-95 war) (2011)", - "stateless_persons": "4,500 (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "increasingly a transit point for heroin being trafficked to Western Europe; minor transit point for marijuana; remains highly vulnerable to money-laundering activity given a primarily cash-based and unregulated economy, weak law enforcement, and instances of corruption" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/be-belgium.json b/europe/be-belgium.json deleted file mode 100644 index fbbb507f..00000000 --- a/europe/be-belgium.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,624 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Belgium became independent from the Netherlands in 1830; it was occupied by Germany during World Wars I and II. The country prospered in the past half century as a modern, technologically advanced European state and member of NATO and the EU. Tensions between the Dutch-speaking Flemings of the north and the French-speaking Walloons of the south have led in recent years to constitutional amendments granting these regions formal recognition and autonomy. Its capital, Brussels, is home to numerous international organizations including the EU and NATO." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between France and the Netherlands" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "50 50 N, 4 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "30,528 sq km", - "land": "30,278 sq km", - "water": "250 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "about the size of Maryland" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,385 km", - "border_countries": "France 620 km, Germany 167 km, Luxembourg 148 km, Netherlands 450 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "66.5 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "geographic coordinates define outer limit", - "continental_shelf": "median line with neighbors" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudy" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "flat coastal plains in northwest, central rolling hills, rugged mountains of Ardennes Forest in southeast" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "North Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Botrange 694 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "construction materials, silica sand, carbonates" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "27.06%", - "permanent_crops": "0.72%", - "other": "72.22%", - "note": "includes Luxembourg (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "233.5 sq km (2007)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "18.3 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "6.22 cu km/yr (12%/88%/1%)", - "per_capita": "589.8 cu m/yr (2007)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "flooding is a threat along rivers and in areas of reclaimed coastal land, protected from the sea by concrete dikes" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "the environment is exposed to intense pressures from human activities: urbanization, dense transportation network, industry, extensive animal breeding and crop cultivation; air and water pollution also have repercussions for neighboring countries; uncertainties regarding federal and regional responsibilities (now resolved) had slowed progress in tackling environmental challenges" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "crossroads of Western Europe; most West European capitals within 1,000 km of Brussels, the seat of both the European Union and NATO" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Belgian(s)", - "adjective": "Belgian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Fleming 58%, Walloon 31%, mixed or other 11%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Dutch (official) 60%, French (official) 40%, German (official) less than 1%, legally bilingual (Dutch and French)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 75%, other (includes Protestant) 25%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "10,444,268 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "15.7% (male 835,569/female 801,959)", - "15_24_years": "11.8% (male 629,753/female 603,550)", - "25_54_years": "40.6% (male 2,145,075/female 2,100,014)", - "55_64_years": "13.2% (male 681,946/female 695,188)", - "65_years_and_over": "18.7% (male 819,694/female 1,131,520) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "53.8 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "26.1 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "27.7 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "3.6 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "42.8 years", - "male": "41.5 years", - "female": "44.2 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.05% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "10 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "10.7 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "1.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "97% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "BRUSSELS (capital) 1.892 million; Antwerp 961,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.72 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.96 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "28", - "note": "Data refer to first birth within current marriage. (2008 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "8 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "4.23 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "4.73 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "3.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "79.78 years", - "male": "76.62 years", - "female": "83.08 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.65 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "70.4%", - "note": "percent of women aged 18-49 (2010)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "10.7% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "2.99 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "6.5 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.2% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "14,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "22.1% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "6.6% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99%", - "male": "99%", - "female": "99% (2003 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "16 years", - "male": "16 years", - "female": "17 years (2010)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "18.7%", - "male": "18.7%", - "female": "18.7% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Kingdom of Belgium", - "conventional_short_form": "Belgium", - "local_long_form": "Royaume de Belgique/Koninkrijk Belgie", - "local_short_form": "Belgique/Belgie" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Brussels", - "geographic_coordinates": "50 50 N, 4 20 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "3 regions (French: regions, singular - region; Dutch: gewesten, singular - gewest); Brussels-Capital Region, also known as Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest (Dutch), Region de Bruxelles-Capitale (French long form), Bruxelles-Capitale (French short form); Flemish Region (Flanders), also known as Vlaams Gewest (Dutch long form), Vlaanderen (Dutch short form), Region Flamande (French long form), Flandre (French short form); Walloon Region (Wallonia), also known as Region Wallone (French long form), Wallonie (French short form), Waals Gewest (Dutch long form), Wallonie (Dutch short form)", - "note": "as a result of the 1993 constitutional revision that furthered devolution into a federal state, there are now three levels of government (federal, regional, and linguistic community) with a complex division of responsibilities" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "4 October 1830 (a provisional government declared independence from the Netherlands); 21 July 1831 (King LEOPOLD I ascended to the throne)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "21 July (1831) ascension to the Throne of King LEOPOLD I" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "drafted 25 November 1830; approved by a Belgium National Congress 7 February 1831; entered into force 26 July 1831; amended many times; revised 14 July 1993 to create a federal state; in 1967 an official Dutch version of the constitution was adopted; in 1991 an official German version of the constitution was adopted; in 1993 an official consolidated version of the constitution was adopted" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system based on the French Civil Code; note - Belgian law continues to be modified in conformance with the legislative norms mandated by the European Union; judicial review of legislative acts" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "King PHILIPPE (since 21 August 2013); Heir Apparent Princess ELISABETH, daughter of the monarch", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Elio DI RUPO (since 6 December 2011); Deputy Prime Minister Alexander DE CROO (since 22 October 2012); Joelle MILQUET (since 20 March 2008); Laurette ONKELINX (since 30 December 2008); Didier REYNDERS (since 30 December 2008); Pieter DE CREM (since 5 March 2013)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers are formally appointed by the monarch", - "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary and constitutional; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch and then approved by parliament" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of a Senate or Senaat in Dutch, Senat in French (71 seats; 40 members directly elected by popular vote, 31 indirectly elected; members serve four-year terms) and a Chamber of Deputies or Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers in Dutch, Chambre des Representants in French (150 seats; members directly elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "Senate and Chamber of Deputies - last held on 13 June 2010 (next to be held no later than June 2014)", - "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - N-VA 19.6%, PS 13.6%, CD&V 10%, SP.A 9.5%, MR 9.3%, Open VLD 8.2%, VB 7.6%, Ecolo 5.5%, CDH 5.1% Groen! 3.9%, other 7.7%; seats by party - N-VA 9, PS 7, CD&V 4, SP.A 4, MR 4, Open VLD 4, VB 3, Ecolo 2, CDH 2, Groen! 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - N-VA 17.4%, PS 13.7%, CD&V 10.9%, MR 9.3%, SP.A 9.2%, Open VLD 8.6%, VB 7.8%, CDH 5.5%, Ecolo 4.8%, Groen! 4.4%, List Dedecker 2.3%, the Popular Party 1.3%, other 4.8%; seats by party - N-VA 27, PS 26, CD&V 17, MR 18, sp.a 13, Open VLD 13, VB 12, CDH 9, Ecolo 8, Groen! 5, List Dedecker 1, the Popular Party 1", - "note": "as a result of the 1993 constitutional revision that furthered devolution into a federal state, there are now three levels of government (federal, regional, and linguistic community) with a complex division of responsibilities; this reality leaves six governments, each with its own legislative assembly" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Constitutional Court or Grondwettelijk Hof in Dutch and Cour constitutionelle in French (consists of 12 judges - 6 Dutch-speaking and 6 French-speaking); Supreme Court of Justice or Hof van Cassatie in Dutch and Cour de Cassation in French (court organized into 3 chambers: civil and commercial; criminal; social, fiscal, and armed forces; each chamber includes a Dutch division and a French division, each with a chairperson and 5-6 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Constitutional Court judges appointed by the monarch from candidates submitted by Parliament; judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 70; Supreme Court judges appointed by the monarch from candidates submitted by the High Council of Justice, a 44-member independent body of judicial and non-judicial members; judges appointed for life", - "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal; regional courts; specialized courts for administrative, commercial, labor, and audit issues; magistrate's courts; justices of the peace" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "flemish_parties": "Christian Democratic and Flemish or CD&V [Wouter BEKE]; Flemish Liberals and Democrats or Open VLD [Gwendolyn RUTTEN]; Groen! [Wouter VAN BESIEN] (formerly AGALEV, Flemish Greens); Libertarian, Direct, Democratic or LDD (formerly Dedecker's List) [Jean-Marie DEDECKER]; New Flemish Alliance or N-VA [Bart DE WEVER]; Social Progressive Alternative or SP.A [Bruno TOBBACK]; Vlaams Belang (Flemish Interest) or VB [Gerolf ANNEMANS]", - "francophone_parties": "Ecolo (Francophone Greens) [Olivier DELEUZE, Emily HOYOS]; Humanist and Democratic Center or CDH [Benoit LUTGEN]; Popular Party or PP [ Mischael MODRIKAMEN]; Reform Movement or MR [Charles MICHEL]; Socialist Party or PS [Paul MAGNETTE]; other minor parties" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Federation of Belgian Industries", - "other": "trade unions; numerous other associations representing bankers, manufacturers, middle-class artisans, and the legal and medical professions; various organizations represent the cultural interests of Flanders and Wallonia; various peace groups such as Pax Christi and groups representing immigrants" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB (nonregional members), AfDB (nonregional members), Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Jan MATTHYSEN", - "chancery": "3330 Garfield Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 333-6900", - "fax": "[1] (202) 338-4960", - "consulates_general": "Atlanta, Los Angeles, New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Howard W. GUTMAN", - "embassy": "27 Boulevard du Regent [Regentlaan], B-1000 Brussels", - "mailing_address": "PSC 82, Box 002, APO AE 09710", - "telephone": "[32] (2) 811-4000", - "fax": "[32] (2) 811-4500" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), yellow, and red; the vertical design was based on the flag of France; the colors are those of the arms of the duchy of Brabant (yellow lion with red claws and tongue on a black field)" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "lion" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"La Brabanconne\" (The Song of Brabant)", - "lyrics_music": "Louis-Alexandre DECHET[French] Victor CEULEMANS [Dutch]/Francois VAN CAMPENHOUT", - "note": "adopted 1830; Louis-Alexandre DECHET was an actor at the theater in which the revolution against the Netherlands began; according to legend, he wrote the lyrics with a group of young people in a Brussels cafe" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "This modern, open, and private-enterprise-based economy has capitalized on its central geographic location, highly developed transport network, and diversified industrial and commercial base. Industry is concentrated mainly in the more heavily-populated region of Flanders in the north. With few natural resources, Belgium imports substantial quantities of raw materials and exports a large volume of manufactures, making its economy vulnerable to volatility in world markets. Roughly three-quarters of Belgium's trade is with other EU countries, and Belgium has benefited most from its proximity to Germany. In 2011 Belgian GDP grew by 1.8%, the unemployment rate decreased slightly to 7.2% from 8.3% the previous year, and the government reduced the budget deficit from a peak of 6% of GDP in 2009 to 4.2% in 2011 and 3.3% in 2012. Fourth quarter GDP growth in 2012 was at -0.1%, the third consecutive quarter of negative growth. This brought economic growth for the whole of 2012 to negative 0.2%. It also left Belgium on the brink of a possible recession at the end of 2012. However, at year's end, the government appeared close to meeting its 2012 budget deficit goal of 3% of GDP. Despite the relative improvement in Belgium's budget deficit, public debt hovers around 100% of GDP, a factor that has contributed to investor perceptions that the country is increasingly vulnerable to spillover from the euro-zone crisis. Belgian banks were severely affected by the international financial crisis in 2008 with three major banks receiving capital injections from the government, and the nationalization of the Belgian retail arm of a Franco-Belgian bank." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$427.2 billion (2012 est.); $428.1 billion (2011 est.); $420.6 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$484.7 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.2% (2012 est.); 1.8% (2011 est.); 2.4% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$38,500 (2012 est.); $38,900 (2011 est.); $38,800 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "20.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 21.1% of GDP (2011 est.); 21.8% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "52.9%", - "government_consumption": "24.9%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "20.7%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.3%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "84.8%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-83.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "0.7%", - "industry": "22.3%", - "services": "77% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "sugar beets, fresh vegetables, fruits, grain, tobacco; beef, veal, pork, milk" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "engineering and metal products, motor vehicle assembly, transportation equipment, scientific instruments, processed food and beverages, chemicals, basic metals, textiles, glass, petroleum" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "5.189 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "2%", - "industry": "25%", - "services": "73% (2007 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "7.6% (2012 est.); 7.2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "15.2% (2007 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.4%", - "highest_10%": "28.4% (2006)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "28 (2005); 28.7 (1996)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$245.9 billion", - "expenditures": "$265.5 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "50.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "99.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 97.8% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions; general government debt is defined by the Maastricht definition and calculated by the National Bank of Belgium as consolidated gross debt; the debt is defined in European Regulation EC479/2009 concerning the implementation of the protocol on the excessive deficit procedure annexed to the Treaty on European Union (Treaty of Maastricht) of 7 February 1992; the sub-sectors of consolidated gross debt are: federal government, communities and regions, local government, and social security funds" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.6% (2012 est.); 3.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "1.5% (31 December 2012); 1.75% (31 December 2010)", - "note": "this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "3.62% (31 December 2012 est.); 3.93% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$185.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $170.4 billion (31 December 2011 est.)", - "note": "see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$543.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $547.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$574.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $559.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$229.9 billion (31 December 2011); $269.3 billion (31 December 2010); $261.4 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$4.8 billion (2012 est.); -$3.709 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$315.4 billion (2012 est.); $332.3 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, chemicals, finished diamonds, metals and metal products, foodstuffs" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 18%, France 16.1%, Netherlands 13%, UK 7.3%, US 5.3%, Italy 4.4% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$322 billion (2012 est.); $342.3 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "raw materials, machinery and equipment, chemicals, raw diamonds, pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs, transportation equipment, oil products" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Netherlands 20.9%, Germany 14.2%, France 10.6%, US 6.1%, UK 5.5%, Ireland 4.4% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$30.77 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $29.43 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$1.424 trillion (31 December 2012); $1.417 trillion (31 December 2011)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$1.082 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $992.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$1.024 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $987.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -; 0.7778 (2012 est.); 0.7185 (2011 est.); 0.755 (2010 est.); 0.7198 (2009 est.); 0.6827 (2008 est.)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "89.25 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "78.53 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "11.84 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "12.41 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "17.5 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "46.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "33.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "11.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "624,500 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "693,500 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "644,400 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "353,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "370,800 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "13.46 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "2.511 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "15.94 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "127.2 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "4.631 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "12.541 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "highly developed, technologically advanced, and completely automated domestic and international telephone and telegraph facilities", - "domestic": "nationwide mobile-cellular telephone system; extensive cable network; limited microwave radio relay network", - "international": "country code - 32; landing point for a number of submarine cables that provide links to Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; satellite earth stations - 7 (Intelsat - 3) (2007)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "a segmented market with the three major communities (Flemish, French, and German-speaking) each having responsibility for their own broadcast media; multiple TV channels exist for each community; additionally, in excess of 90% of households are connected to cable and can access broadcasts of TV stations from neighboring countries; each community has a public radio network co-existing with private broadcasters (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".be" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "5.192 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "8.113 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "41 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "26", - "over_3_047_m": "6", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "9", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1", - "under_914_m": "8 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "15", - "under_914_m": "15 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 3,139 km; oil 154 km; refined products 535 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "3,233 km", - "standard_gauge": "3,233 km 1.435-m gauge (2,950 km electrified) (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "154,012 km", - "paved": "120,514 km (includes 1,756 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "33,498 km (2010)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "2,043 km (1,528 km in regular commercial use) (2012)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "87", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 23, cargo 15, chemical tanker 5, container 4, liquefied gas 23, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 8, roll on/roll off 7", - "foreign_owned": "15 (Denmark 4, France 7, Russia 1, UK 2, US 1)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "107 (Bahamas 6, Cambodia 1, Cyprus 3, France 7, Gibraltar 1, Greece 17, Hong Kong 26, Liberia 1, Luxembourg 11, Malta 7, Marshall Islands 1, Mozambique 2, North Korea 1, Panama 1, Portugal 8, Russia 4, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 7, Singapore 1, Vanuatu 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Oostende, Zeebrugge", - "river_ports": "Antwerp, Gent (Schelde River); Brussels (Senne River); Liege (Meuse River)", - "container_ports_teus": "Antwerp (8,664,243), Zeebrugge (2,207,257) (2011)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Belgian Armed Forces: Land Operations Command, Naval Operations Command, Air Operations Command (2012)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 1994 (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,359,232", - "females_age_16_49": "2,291,689 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,934,957", - "females_age_16_49": "1,877,268 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "59,665", - "female": "57,142 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.3% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "stateless_persons": "3,898 (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "growing producer of synthetic drugs and cannabis; transit point for US-bound ecstasy; source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine processors; transshipment point for cocaine, heroin, hashish, and marijuana entering Western Europe; despite a strengthening of legislation, the country remains vulnerable to money laundering related to narcotics, automobiles, alcohol, and tobacco; significant domestic consumption of ecstasy" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/bg-bulgaria.json b/europe/bg-bulgaria.json deleted file mode 100644 index 132133da..00000000 --- a/europe/bg-bulgaria.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,618 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The Bulgars, a Central Asian Turkic tribe, merged with the local Slavic inhabitants in the late 7th century to form the first Bulgarian state. In succeeding centuries, Bulgaria struggled with the Byzantine Empire to assert its place in the Balkans, but by the end of the 14th century the country was overrun by the Ottoman Turks. Northern Bulgaria attained autonomy in 1878 and all of Bulgaria became independent from the Ottoman Empire in 1908. Having fought on the losing side in both World Wars, Bulgaria fell within the Soviet sphere of influence and became a People's Republic in 1946. Communist domination ended in 1990, when Bulgaria held its first multiparty election since World War II and began the contentious process of moving toward political democracy and a market economy while combating inflation, unemployment, corruption, and crime. The country joined NATO in 2004 and the EU in 2007." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Romania and Turkey" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "43 00 N, 25 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "110,879 sq km", - "land": "108,489 sq km", - "water": "2,390 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than Tennessee" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,808 km", - "border_countries": "Greece 494 km, Macedonia 148 km, Romania 608 km, Serbia 318 km, Turkey 240 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "354 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly mountains with lowlands in north and southeast" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Black Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Musala 2,925 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "29.28%", - "permanent_crops": "1.44%", - "other": "69.28% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "1,046 sq km (2007)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "21.3 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "6.12 cu km/yr (16%/68%/16%)", - "per_capita": "821.8 cu m/yr (2009)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "earthquakes; landslides" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "air pollution from industrial emissions; rivers polluted from raw sewage, heavy metals, detergents; deforestation; forest damage from air pollution and resulting acid rain; soil contamination from heavy metals from metallurgical plants and industrial wastes" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location near Turkish Straits; controls key land routes from Europe to Middle East and Asia" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Bulgarian(s)", - "adjective": "Bulgarian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Bulgarian 76.9%, Turk 8%, Roma 4.4%, other 0.7% (including Macedonian, Armenian, Tatar, Circassian), other (unknown) 10% (2011 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Bulgarian (official) 76.8%, Turkish 8.2%, Roma 3.8%, other 0.7%, other (unknown) 10.5% (2011 census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Eastern Orthodox 59.4%, Muslim (Sunni) 7.4%, Muslim (Shia) 0.4%, other (including Catholic, Protestant, Armenian Apostolic Orthodox, and Judaism) 1.7%, other (unknown) 27.4%, none 3.7% (2011 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "6,981,642 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "14.2% (male 506,968/female 481,962)", - "15_24_years": "10.5% (male 377,834/female 357,546)", - "25_54_years": "42.3% (male 1,467,339/female 1,486,062)", - "55_64_years": "14.1% (male 454,728/female 528,650)", - "65_years_and_over": "18.9% (male 532,084/female 788,469) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "49.2 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "20.4 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "28.8 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "3.5 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "42.3 years", - "male": "40 years", - "female": "44.4 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.81% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "9.07 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "14.31 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-2.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "73.1% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "SOFIA (capital) 1.174 million (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.86 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.68 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.92 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "26.2 (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "11 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "15.6 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "18.67 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "12.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "74.08 years", - "male": "70.49 years", - "female": "77.89 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.43 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "69.2%", - "note": "percent of women age 20-49 (2007)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "6.9% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "3.64 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "6.6 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "3,800 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 200 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "23.7% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "1.6% (2004)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "4.6% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "98.4%", - "male": "98.7%", - "female": "98% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "14 years", - "male": "14 years", - "female": "14 years (2010)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "26.6%", - "male": "27.6%", - "female": "25.2% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Bulgaria", - "conventional_short_form": "Bulgaria", - "local_long_form": "Republika Balgariya", - "local_short_form": "Balgariya" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary democracy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Sofia", - "geographic_coordinates": "42 41 N, 23 19 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "28 provinces (oblasti, singular - oblast); Blagoevgrad, Burgas, Dobrich, Gabrovo, Khaskovo, Kurdzhali, Kyustendil, Lovech, Montana, Pazardzhik, Pernik, Pleven, Plovdiv, Razgrad, Ruse, Shumen, Silistra, Sliven, Smolyan, Sofiya (Sofia), Sofiya-Grad (Sofia City), Stara Zagora, Turgovishte, Varna, Veliko Turnovo, Vidin, Vratsa, Yambol" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "3 March 1878 (as an autonomous principality within the Ottoman Empire); 22 September 1908 (complete independence from the Ottoman Empire)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Liberation Day, 3 March (1878)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "adopted 12 July 1991" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Rosen PLEVNELIEV (since 22 January 2012); Vice President Margarita POPOVA (since 22 January 2012)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Plamen ORESHARSKI (since 29 May 2013) Deputy Prime Minister Zinaida ZLATANOVA (since 29 May 2013)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister and elected by the National Assembly", - "elections": "president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 23 and 30 October 2011 (next to be held in 2016); chairman of the Council of Ministers (prime minister) elected by the National Assembly; deputy prime ministers nominated by the prime minister and elected by the National Assembly", - "election_results": "Rosen PLEVNELIEV elected president in a runoff election; percent of vote - Rosen PLEVNELIEV 52.6%, Ivailo KALFIN 47.4%; Plamen ORESHARSKI elected prime minister; result of legislative vote - 120 to 97" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Narodno Sabranie (240 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 12 May 2013 (next to be held spring 2017)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - GERB 30.5%, BSP 26.6%, MRF 11.3%, Ataka 7.3%; seats by party - GERB 98, BSP 86, MRF 33, Ataka 23" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Cassation (consists of a chairman and approximately 72 judges organized in criminal, civil, and commercial colleges); Supreme Administrative Court (organized in 2 colleges with various panels of 5 judges each); Constitutional Court (consists of 12 members); note - Constitutional Court resides outside the Judiciary", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court of Cassation and Supreme Administrative judges elected by the Supreme Judicial Council (consists of 12 members elected by the National Assembly) and appointed by the president; member tenure NA; Constitutional Court members selected by the president, the National Assembly, and the Supreme Courts; judges appointed for 9-year terms", - "subordinate_courts": "appeals courts; regional and district courts; administrative courts; courts martial" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Attack (Ataka) [Volen Nikolov SIDEROV]; Blue Coalition [Ivan KOSTOV and Martin DIMITROV] (a parliamentary coalition of center-right parties dominated by UDF and DSB); Bulgarian Socialist Party or BSP [Sergei STANISHEV]; Bulgaria of the Citizens [Meglena KUNEVA]; Citizens for the European Development of Bulgaria or GERB [Boyko BORISOV]; Coalition for Bulgaria or CfB [Sergei STANISHEV] (coalition of parties dominated by BSP); Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria or DSB [Ivan KOSTOV]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization or IMRO [Krasimir KARAKACHANOV]; Movement for Rights and Freedoms or MRF [Lyutvi MESTAN]; National Movement for Stability and Progress or NDSV [Hristina HRISTOVA] (formerly National Movement Simeon II or NMS2); Order, Law, and Justice or RZS [Yane YANEV]; Union of Democratic Forces or UDF [Emil KABAIVANOV]; United People's Party or ENP [Maria CAPONE]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Confederation of Independent Trade Unions of Bulgaria or CITUB; Podkrepa Labor Confederation", - "other": "numerous regional, ethnic, and national interest groups with various agendas" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EU, FAO, G- 9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Elena POPTODOROVA", - "chancery": "1621 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 387-0174", - "fax": "[1] (202) 234-7973", - "consulates_general": "Chicago, Los Angeles, New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Marcie B. RIES", - "embassy": "16 Kozyak Street, Sofia 1408", - "mailing_address": "American Embassy Sofia, US Department of State, 5740 Sofia Place, Washington, DC 20521-5740", - "telephone": "[359] (2) 937-5100", - "fax": "[359] (2) 937-5320" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of white (top), green, and red; the pan-Slavic white-blue-red colors were modified by substituting a green band (representing freedom) for the blue", - "note": "the national emblem, formerly on the hoist side of the white stripe, has been removed" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "lion" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Mila Rodino\" (Dear Homeland)", - "lyrics_music": "Tsvetan Tsvetkov RADOSLAVOV", - "note": "adopted 1964; the anthem was composed in 1885 by a student en route to fight in the Serbo-Bulgarian War" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Bulgaria, a former Communist country that entered the EU on 1 January 2007, averaged more than 6% annual growth from 2004 to 2008, driven by significant amounts of bank lending, consumption, and foreign direct investment. Successive governments have demonstrated a commitment to economic reforms and responsible fiscal planning, but the global downturn sharply reduced domestic demand, exports, capital inflows, and industrial production. GDP contracted by 5.5% in 2009, stagnated in 2010, despite a significant recovery in exports, grew 1.7% in 2011, and 1% in 2012. Despite having a favorable investment regime, including low, flat corporate income taxes, significant challenges remain. Corruption in public administration, a weak judiciary, and the presence of organized crime continue to hamper the country's investment climate and economic prospects." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$105.5 billion (2012 est.); $104.7 billion (2011 est.); $102.8 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$51.02 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.8% (2012 est.); 1.8% (2011 est.); 0.4% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$14,500 (2012 est.); $14,300 (2011 est.); $13,700 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "22.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 22.9% of GDP (2011 est.); 21.2% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "72.1%", - "government_consumption": "7.8%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "21.4%", - "investment_in_inventories": "2.4%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "66.6%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-70.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "6.4%", - "industry": "30.4%", - "services": "63.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "vegetables, fruits, tobacco, wine, wheat, barley, sunflowers, sugar beets; livestock" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "electricity, gas, water; food, beverages, tobacco; machinery and equipment, base metals, chemical products, coke, refined petroleum, nuclear fuel" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "2.585 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "7.1%", - "industry": "35.2%", - "services": "57.7% (2009)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "11.1% (2012 est.); 9.6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "21.8% (2008)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2%", - "highest_10%": "35.2% (2007)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "45.3 (2007); 26 (2001)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$17.71 billion", - "expenditures": "$17.97 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "34.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-0.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "16.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 16.3% of GDP (2011 est.); defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the subsectors: central government, state government, local government, and social security funds" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "3% (2012 est.); 4.2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "0.03% (31 December 2012 est.); 0.22% (31 December 2011 est.)", - "note": "Bulgarian National Bank (BNB) has had no independent monetary policy since the introduction of the Currency Board regime in 1997; this is BNB's base interest rate" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "9.72% (31 December 2012 est.); 10.63% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$15.51 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $13.91 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$37.68 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $34.46 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$37.14 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $35.54 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$8.253 billion (31 December 2011); $7.276 billion (31 December 2010); $7.103 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$542.8 million (2012 est.); $502.2 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$26.82 billion (2012 est.); $28.12 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "clothing, footwear, iron and steel, machinery and equipment, fuels" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 10.4%, Turkey 9.1%, Italy 8.7%, Romania 8.2%, Greece 7.3%, France 4% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$31.5 billion (2012 est.); $30.86 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment; metals and ores; chemicals and plastics; fuels, minerals, and raw materials" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Russia 20.9%, Germany 11.3%, Italy 6.7%, Romania 6.6%, Greece 6.1%, Turkey 4.6%, Spain 4.5% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$20.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $17.27 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$50.54 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $47.32 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$52.99 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $51.19 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$1.923 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.823 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "leva (BGN) per US dollar -; 1.5221 (2012 est.); 1.4065 (2011 est.); 1.4774 (2010 est.); 1.404 (2009); 1.3171 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "41.9 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "28.1 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "12 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "1.166 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "12 million kW (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "46.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "20.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "22.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "1.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "1,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "123,400 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "15 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "120,000 bbl/day (2010 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "112,700 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "78,180 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "29,940 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "68,000 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "2.17 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "2.48 billion cu m (2010)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "5.663 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "42.17 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "2.356 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "10.475 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "inherited an extensive but antiquated telecommunications network from the Soviet era; quality has improved with a modern digital trunk line now connecting switching centers in most of the regions; remaining areas are connected by digital microwave radio relay", - "domestic": "the Bulgaria Telecommunications Company's fixed-line monopoly terminated in 2005 in an effort to upgrade fixed-line services; mobile-cellular teledensity, fostered by multiple service providers, has reached 150 telephones per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 359; submarine cable provides connectivity to Ukraine and Russia; a combination submarine cable and land fiber-optic system provides connectivity to Italy, Albania, and Macedonia; satellite earth stations - 3 (1 Intersputnik in the Atlantic Ocean region, 2 Intelsat in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "4 national terrestrial TV stations with 1 state-owned and 3 privately owned; a vast array of TV stations are available from cable and satellite TV providers; state-owned national radio broadcasts over 3 networks; large number of private radio stations broadcasting, especially in urban areas (2010)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".bg" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "976,277 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "3.395 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "68 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "57", - "over_3_047_m": "2", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "17", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "12", - "under_914_m": "26 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "11", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2", - "under_914_m": "9 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 2,887 km; oil 346 km; refined products 378 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "4,152 km", - "standard_gauge": "4,072 km 1.435-m gauge (2,863 km electrified)", - "narrow_gauge": "80 km 0.760-m gauge (2011)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "19,512 km", - "paved": "19,235 km (includes 458 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "277 km", - "note": "does not include Category IV local roads (2011)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "470 km (2009)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "22", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 9, cargo 8, liquefied gas 2, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 2", - "foreign_owned": "14 (Germany 12, Russia 2)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "30 (Belize 1, Comoros 4, Georgia 1, Malta 8, Moldova 1, Panama 6, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 9) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Burgas, Varna (Black Sea)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Bulgarian Armed Forces: Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Bulgarian Air Forces (Bulgarski Voennovazdyshni Sily, BVVS) (2011)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-27 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription ended in January 2008; service obligation 6-9 months (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,637,470", - "females_age_16_49": "1,621,352 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,320,955", - "females_age_16_49": "1,337,616 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "33,444", - "female": "32,075 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "2.6% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "major European transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and, to a lesser degree, South American cocaine for the European market; limited producer of precursor chemicals; vulnerable to money laundering because of corruption, organized crime; some money laundering of drug-related proceeds through financial institutions (2008)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/by-belarus.json b/europe/by-belarus.json deleted file mode 100644 index e18e413c..00000000 --- a/europe/by-belarus.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,614 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "After seven decades as a constituent republic of the USSR, Belarus attained its independence in 1991. It has retained closer political and economic ties to Russia than any of the other former Soviet republics. Belarus and Russia signed a treaty on a two-state union on 8 December 1999 envisioning greater political and economic integration. Although Belarus agreed to a framework to carry out the accord, serious implementation has yet to take place. Since his election in July 1994 as the country's first president, Aleksandr LUKASHENKO has steadily consolidated his power through authoritarian means. Government restrictions on freedom of speech and the press, peaceful assembly, and religion remain in place." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Eastern Europe, east of Poland" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "53 00 N, 28 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "207,600 sq km", - "land": "202,900 sq km", - "water": "4,700 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Kansas" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "3,306 km", - "border_countries": "Latvia 171 km, Lithuania 680 km, Poland 605 km, Russia 959 km, Ukraine 891 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "cold winters, cool and moist summers; transitional between continental and maritime" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "generally flat and contains much marshland" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Nyoman River 90 m", - "highest_point": "Dzyarzhynskaya Hara 346 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "timber, peat deposits, small quantities of oil and natural gas, granite, dolomitic limestone, marl, chalk, sand, gravel, clay" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "26.63%", - "permanent_crops": "0.59%", - "other": "72.78% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "1,150 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "58 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "4.34 cu km/yr (32%/65%/3%)", - "per_capita": "435.4 cu m/yr (2009)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "soil pollution from pesticide use; southern part of the country contaminated with fallout from 1986 nuclear reactor accident at Chornobyl' in northern Ukraine" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; glacial scouring accounts for the flatness of Belarusian terrain and for its 11,000 lakes" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Belarusian(s)", - "adjective": "Belarusian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Belarusian 83.7%, Russian 8.3%, Polish 3.1%, Ukrainian 1.7%, other 3.2% (2009 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Belarusian (official) 23.4%, Russian (official) 70.2%, other 6.4% (includes small Polish- and Ukrainian-speaking minorities) (1999 census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Eastern Orthodox 80%, other (including Roman Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, and Muslim) 20% (1997 est.)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "9,625,888 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "15.2% (male 752,536/female 710,384)", - "15_24_years": "12.3% (male 607,877/female 575,827)", - "25_54_years": "45.5% (male 2,146,332/female 2,238,033)", - "55_64_years": "13% (male 548,170/female 699,780)", - "65_years_and_over": "14% (male 423,287/female 923,662) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "41.1 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "21.6 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "19.5 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "5.1 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "39.2 years", - "male": "36.1 years", - "female": "42.2 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.18% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "10.99 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "13.68 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0.85 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "75% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.21% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "MINSK (capital) 1.861 million (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.96 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.78 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.46 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.87 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "24.9 (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "190 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "3.67 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "4.1 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "3.22 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "71.81 years", - "male": "66.14 years", - "female": "77.82 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.46 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "72.6% (2005)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "5.6% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "4.87 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "11.1 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 99% of population; total: 100% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 1% of population; total: 0% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 91% of population; rural: 97% of population; total: 93% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 9% of population; rural: 3% of population; total: 7% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.3% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "17,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "24.3% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "1.3% (2005)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.3% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99.6%", - "male": "99.8%", - "female": "99.5% (2009 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "15 years", - "male": "15 years", - "female": "16 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "54,218", - "percentage": "5 % (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Belarus", - "conventional_short_form": "Belarus", - "local_long_form": "Respublika Byelarus'", - "local_short_form": "Byelarus'", - "former": "Belorussian (Byelorussian) Soviet Socialist Republic" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic in name, although in fact a dictatorship" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Minsk", - "geographic_coordinates": "53 54 N, 27 34 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "none scheduled for 2013" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "6 provinces (voblastsi, singular - voblasts') and 1 municipality* (horad); Brest, Homyel' (Gomel), Horad Minsk* (Minsk City), Hrodna (Grodno), Mahilyow (Mogilev), Minsk, Vitsyebsk (Vitebsk)", - "note": "administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers; Russian spelling provided for reference when different from Belarusian" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "25 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 3 July (1944); note - 3 July 1944 was the date Minsk was liberated from German troops, 25 August 1991 was the date of independence from the Soviet Union" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "15 March 1994; revised by national referendum 24 November 1996 giving the presidency greatly expanded powers; became effective 27 November 1996; revised again 17 October 2004 removing presidential term limits" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system; note - nearly all major codes (civil, civil procedure, criminal, criminal procedure, family and labor) have been revised and came into force in 1999 or 2000" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "president Aleksandr LUKASHENKO (since 20 July 1994); note - the US does not recognize the results of the 19 December 2010 elections under which the Central Election Commission of Belarus declared LUKASHENKO president", - "head_of_government": "prime minister Mikhail MYASNIKOVICH (since 28 December 2010); first deputy prime minister Vladimir SEMASHKO (since December 2003)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; first election took place on 23 June and 10 July 1994; according to the 1994 constitution, the next election should have been held in 1999, however, Aleksandr LUKASHENKO extended his term to 2001 via a November 1996 referendum; subsequent election held on 9 September 2001; an October 2004 referendum ended presidential term limits and allowed the president to run in a third (19 March 2006) and fourth election (19 December 2010); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president", - "election_results": "Aleksandr LUKASHENKO reelected president; percent of vote - Aleksandr LUKASHENKO 79.7%, Andrey SANNIKOV 2.6%, other candidates 17.7%; note - election marred by electoral fraud" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral national assembly or natsionalnoye sobraniye consists of the Council of the Republic or Sovet Respubliki (64 seats; 56 members elected by regional and Minsk city councils and 8 members appointed by the president, to serve four-year terms) and the Chamber of Representatives or Palata Predstaviteley (110 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms); note - the US does not recognize the legitimacy of the national assembly", - "elections": "Palata Predstaviteley - last held on 23 September 2012 (next to be held September 2016); OSCE observers determined that the election was neither free nor impartial and that vote counting was problematic in a number of polling stations; pro-LUKASHENKO candidates won every seat with no opposition representation in the chamber; international observers determined that the previous election, on 28 September 2008, despite minor improvements also fell short of democratic standards, with pro-LUKASHENKO candidates winning every seat", - "election_results": "Sovet Respubliki - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Palata Predstaviteley [2008] - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - KPB 6, AP 1, no affiliation 103; Palata Predstaviteley [2012] - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - KPB 3, AP 1, no affiliation 106" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the chairman, deputy chairman, and NA judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 12 judges including a chairman and deputy chairman)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the president with the consent of the Council of the Republic; judges initially appointed for 5 years and evaluated for life appointment; Constitutional Court judges - 6 appointed by the president and 6 elected by the Chamber of Representatives; term of judges is 11 years with an age limit of 70", - "subordinate_courts": "regional, district, city, town, and military courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "pro_government_parties": "Belarusian Agrarian Party or AP [Mikhail SHIMANSKY]; Belarusian Patriotic Movement (Belarusian Patriotic Party) or BPR [Nikolay ULAKHOVICH, chairman]; Communist Party of Belarus or KPB [Igor KARPENKO]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Sergey GAYDUKEVICH]; Republican Party of Labor and Justice [Vasiliy ZADNEPRYANYY]", - "opposition_parties": "Belarusian Christian Democracy Party [Pavel SEVERINETS] (unregistered); Belarusian Party of the Left \"Fair World\" [Sergey KALYAKIN]; Belarusian Popular Front or BPF [Aleksey YANUKEVICH]; Belarusian Social-Democratic Hramada [Stanislav SHUSHKEVICH]; Belarusian Social Democratic Party Hramada (\"Assembly\") or BSDPH [Irina VESHTARD]; Belarusian Social Democratic Party People's Assembly (\"Narodnaya Hramada\") [Nikolay STATKEVICH] (unregistered); Christian Conservative Party or BPF [Zyanon PAZNIAK]; European Belarus Campaign [Andrey SANNIKOV]; Party of Freedom and Progress [Vladimir NOVOSYAD] (unregistered); \"Tell the Truth\" Campaign [Vladimir NEKLYAYEV]; United Civic Party or UCP [Anatoliy LEBEDKO]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Assembly of Pro-Democratic NGOs (unregistered) [Sergey MATSKEVICH]; Belarusian Congress of Democratic Trade Unions [Aleksandr YAROSHUK]; Belarusian Association of Journalists [Zhana LITVINA]; Belarusian Helsinki Committee [Aleh HULAK]; Belarusian Independence Bloc (unregistered) and For Freedom movement [Aleksandr MILINKEVICH]; Belarusian Organization of Working Women [Irina ZHIKHAR]; BPF-Youth [Andrus KRECHKA]; Charter 97 (unregistered) [Andrey SANNIKOV]; Perspektiva small business association [Anatol SHUMCHENKO]; Nasha Vyasna (unregistered) (\"Our Spring\") human rights center [Ales BYALYATSKI]; \"Tell the Truth\" Movement [Vladimir NEKLYAYEV]; Women's Independent Democratic Movement [Ludmila PETINA]; Young Belarus (Malady Belarus) [Zmitser KASPYAROVICH]; Youth Front (Malady Front) [Zmitser DASHKEVICH]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CEI, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, NSG, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SCO (dialogue member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer), ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Oleg KRAVCHENKO", - "chancery": "1619 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 986-1604", - "fax": "[1] (202) 986-1805", - "consulates_general": "New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Ethan GOLDRICH", - "embassy": "46 Starovilenskaya Street, Minsk 220002", - "mailing_address": "PSC 78, Box B Minsk, APO 09723", - "telephone": "[375] (17) 210-12-83", - "fax": "[375] (17) 234-7853" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "red horizontal band (top) and green horizontal band one-half the width of the red band; a white vertical stripe on the hoist side bears Belarusian national ornamentation in red; the red band color recalls past struggles from oppression, the green band represents hope and the many forests of the country" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "mounted knight known as Pahonia (the Chaser)" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"My, Bielarusy\" (We Belarusians)", - "lyrics_music": "Mikhas KLIMKOVICH and Uladzimir KARYZNA/Nester SAKALOUSKI", - "note": "music adopted 1955, lyrics adopted 2002; after the fall of the Soviet Union, Belarus kept the music of its Soviet-era anthem but adopted new lyrics; also known as \"Dziarzauny himn Respubliki Bielarus\" (State Anthem of the Republic of Belarus)" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "As part of the former Soviet Union, Belarus had a relatively well-developed industrial base; it retained this industrial base - which is now outdated, energy inefficient, and dependent on subsidized Russian energy and preferential access to Russian markets - following the breakup of the USSR. The country also has a broad agricultural base which is inefficient and dependent on government subsidies. After an initial burst of capitalist reform from 1991-94, including privatization of state enterprises, creation of institutions of private property, and development of entrepreneurship, Belarus' economic development greatly slowed. About 80% of all industry remains in state hands, and foreign investment has been hindered by a climate hostile to business. A few banks, which had been privatized after independence, were renationalized. State banks account for 75% of the banking sector. Economic output, which had declined for several years following the collapse of the Soviet Union, revived in the mid-2000s thanks to the boom in oil prices. Belarus has only small reserves of crude oil, though it imports most of its crude oil and natural gas from Russia at prices substantially below the world market. Belarus exported refined oil products at market prices produced from Russian crude oil purchased at a steep discount. In late 2006, Russia began a process of rolling back its subsidies on oil and gas to Belarus. Tensions over Russian energy reached a peak in 2010, when Russia stopped the export of all subsidized oil to Belarus save for domestic needs. In December 2010, Russia and Belarus reached a deal to restart the export of discounted oil to Belarus. Little new foreign investment has occurred in recent years. In 2011, a financial crisis began, triggered by government directed salary hikes unsupported by commensurate productivity increases. The crisis was compounded by an increased cost in Russian energy inputs and an overvalued Belarusian ruble, and eventually led to a near three-fold devaluation of the Belarusian ruble in 2011. In November 2011, Belarus agreed to sell to Russia its remaining shares in Beltransgaz, the Belarusian natural gas pipeline operator, in exchange for reduced prices for Russian natural gas. Receiving more than half of a $3 billion loan from the Russian-dominated Eurasian Economic Community Bail-out Fund, a $1 billion loan from the Russian state-owned bank Sberbank, and the $2.5 billion sale of Beltranzgas to Russian state-owned Gazprom helped stabilize the situation in 2012; nevertheless, the Belarusian currency lost more than 60% of its value, as the rate of inflation reached 53% in 2011 and 59% in 2012." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$149.2 billion (2012 est.); $147 billion (2011 est.); $139.2 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$63.26 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.5% (2012 est.); 5.5% (2011 est.); 7.7% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$15,900 (2012 est.); $15,600 (2011 est.); $14,700 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "31.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 29.2% of GDP (2011 est.); 26.2% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "46.7%", - "government_consumption": "14.6%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "32.8%", - "investment_in_inventories": "1.6%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "81.6%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-77.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "9.1%", - "industry": "47.2%", - "services": "43.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "grain, potatoes, vegetables, sugar beets, flax; beef, milk" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "metal-cutting machine tools, tractors, trucks, earthmovers, motorcycles, televisions, synthetic fibers, fertilizer, textiles, radios, refrigerators" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "5 million (2009)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "9.4%", - "industry": "45.9%", - "services": "44.7% (2005 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "1% (2009 est.); 1.6% (2005)", - "note": "official registered unemployed; large number of underemployed workers" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "27.1% (2003 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.8%", - "highest_10%": "21.9% (2008)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "27.2 (2008); 21.7 (1998)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$22.38 billion", - "expenditures": "$21.96 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "35.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "0.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "31.5% of GDP (2012 est.); 48.5% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "59.1% (2012 est.); 53.3% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "10.5% (31 December 2010 est.); 13.5% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "19.49% (31 December 2012 est.); 13.58% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$4.018 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.436 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$13.32 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $16.75 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$19.82 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $13.29 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$3.067 billion (2012 est.); -$5.775 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$45.51 billion (2012 est.); $40.93 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, mineral products, chemicals, metals, textiles, foodstuffs" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Russia 35.4%, Netherlands 16.5%, Ukraine 12.1%, Latvia 7.1% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$45.01 billion (2012 est.); $44.39 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "mineral products, machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs, metals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Russia 59.3%, Germany 5.9%, China 5.1%, Ukraine 5% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$5.809 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.011 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$34.12 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $34.02 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Belarusian rubles (BYB/BYR) per US dollar -; 8,336.9 (2012 est.); 4,974.6 (2011 est.); 2,978.5 (2010 est.); 2,789.49 (2009); 2,130 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "28.55 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "29.54 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "3.933 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "8.404 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "8.032 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "99.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "30,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "34,320 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "431,300 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "198 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "427,800 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "188,800 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "302,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "39,660 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "220 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "21.82 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "21.6 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "2.832 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "68.24 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "4.208 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "10.695 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "Belarus lags behind its neighbors in upgrading telecommunications infrastructure; modernization of the network progressing with roughly two-thirds of switching equipment now digital", - "domestic": "state-owned Beltelcom is the sole provider of fixed-line local and long distance service; fixed-line teledensity is improving although rural areas continue to be underserved; multiple GSM mobile-cellular networks are experiencing rapid growth; mobile-cellular teledensity now exceeds 100 telephones per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 375; Belarus is a member of the Trans-European Line (TEL), Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line, and has access to the Trans-Siberia Line (TSL); 3 fiber-optic segments provide connectivity to Latvia, Poland, Russia, and Ukraine; worldwide service is available to Belarus through this infrastructure; additional analog lines to Russia; Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik earth stations (2008)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "4 state-controlled national TV channels; Polish and Russian TV broadcasts are available in some areas; state-run Belarusian Radio operates 3 national networks and an external service; Russian and Polish radio broadcasts are available (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".by" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "295,217 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "2.643 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "65 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "33", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "20", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "4", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1", - "under_914_m": "7 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "32", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2", - "under_914_m": "28 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 5,386 km; oil 1,589 km; refined products 1,730 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "5,537 km", - "broad_gauge": "5,512 km 1.520-m gauge (874 km electrified)", - "standard_gauge": "25 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "86,392 km", - "paved": "74,651 km", - "unpaved": "11,741 km (2010)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "2,500 km (use limited by its location on the perimeter of the country and by its shallowness) (2011)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "river_ports": "Mazyr (Prypyats')" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Belarus Armed Forces: Land Force, Air and Air Defense Force, Special Operations Force (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation is 12-18 months, depending on academic qualifications; 17 year olds are eligible to become cadets at military higher education institutes, where they are classified as military personnel (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,401,785", - "females_age_16_49": "2,429,653 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,693,626", - "females_age_16_49": "2,012,401 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "51,855", - "female": "48,760 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.4% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "boundary demarcated with Latvia and Lithuania; Poland seeks enhanced demarcation and security along this Schengen hard border with financial assistance from the EU" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "stateless_persons": "6,969 (2012)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Belarus is a source, transit, and destination country for women, men, and children subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor; women and children are trafficked to European and Middle Eastern countries and within Belarus for sexual exploitation; Belarusian men, women, and children are found in forced labor in the construction industry and other sectors in Russia and Belarus; Belarusian men seeking work abroad are increasingly subjected to forced labor", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Belarus does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government demonstrates decreased law enforcement efforts, conducting fewer trafficking investigations and convicting only one trafficking offender; while two new anti-trafficking laws were passed, they have not been fully implemented and government services to victims remain very limited; the government continues its efforts to prevent trafficking through public awareness campaigns and NGO-operated anti-trafficking hotlines (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for the domestic market; transshipment point for illicit drugs to and via Russia, and to the Baltics and Western Europe; a small and lightly regulated financial center; anti-money-laundering legislation does not meet international standards and was weakened further when know-your-customer requirements were curtailed in 2008; few investigations or prosecutions of money-laundering activities (2008)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/ch-switzerland.json b/europe/ch-switzerland.json deleted file mode 100644 index 19d94216..00000000 --- a/europe/ch-switzerland.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,617 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The Swiss Confederation was founded in 1291 as a defensive alliance among three cantons. In succeeding years, other localities joined the original three. The Swiss Confederation secured its independence from the Holy Roman Empire in 1499. A constitution of 1848, subsequently modified in 1874, replaced the confederation with a centralized federal government. Switzerland's sovereignty and neutrality have long been honored by the major European powers, and the country was not involved in either of the two world wars. The political and economic integration of Europe over the past half century, as well as Switzerland's role in many UN and international organizations, has strengthened Switzerland's ties with its neighbors. However, the country did not officially become a UN member until 2002. Switzerland remains active in many UN and international organizations but retains a strong commitment to neutrality." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Central Europe, east of France, north of Italy" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "47 00 N, 8 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "41,277 sq km", - "land": "39,997 sq km", - "water": "1,280 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly less than twice the size of New Jersey" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,852 km", - "border_countries": "Austria 164 km, France 573 km, Italy 740 km, Liechtenstein 41 km, Germany 334 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "temperate, but varies with altitude; cold, cloudy, rainy/snowy winters; cool to warm, cloudy, humid summers with occasional showers" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly mountains (Alps in south, Jura in northwest) with a central plateau of rolling hills, plains, and large lakes" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Lake Maggiore 195 m", - "highest_point": "Dufourspitze 4,634 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "hydropower potential, timber, salt" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "9.8%", - "permanent_crops": "0.57%", - "other": "89.63% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "550 sq km (2007)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "53.5 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "2.61 cu km/yr (39%/58%/3%)", - "per_capita": "360.3 cu m/yr (2010)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "avalanches, landslides; flash floods" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "air pollution from vehicle emissions and open-air burning; acid rain; water pollution from increased use of agricultural fertilizers; loss of biodiversity" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Law of the Sea" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; crossroads of northern and southern Europe; along with southeastern France, northern Italy, and southwestern Austria, has the highest elevations in the Alps" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Swiss (singular and plural)", - "adjective": "Swiss" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "German 65%, French 18%, Italian 10%, Romansch 1%, other 6%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "German (official) 63.7%, French (official) 20.4%, Italian (official) 6.5%, Serbo-Croatian 1.5%, Albanian 1.3%, Portuguese 1.2%, Spanish 1.1%, English 1%, Romansch (official) 0.5%, other 2.8% (2000 census)", - "note": "German, French, Italian, and Romansch are all national and official languages" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 41.8%, Protestant 35.3%, Muslim 4.3%, Orthodox 1.8%, other Christian 0.4%, other 1%, unspecified 4.3%, none 11.1% (2000 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "7,996,026 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "15.2% (male 624,601/female 588,725)", - "15_24_years": "11.6% (male 471,401/female 453,568)", - "25_54_years": "44% (male 1,766,228/female 1,749,672)", - "55_64_years": "12% (male 476,495/female 479,642)", - "65_years_and_over": "17.3% (male 600,754/female 784,940) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "48.1 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "21.9 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "26.2 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "3.8 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "41.8 years", - "male": "40.8 years", - "female": "42.7 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.85% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "10.45 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "8.08 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "6.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "74% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.5% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "Zurich 1.143 million; BERN (capital) 346,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.76 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.97 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "30.2 (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "8 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "3.8 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "4.21 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "3.36 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "82.28 years", - "male": "79.99 years", - "female": "84.71 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.53 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "82%", - "note": "percent of women aged 20-49 (1994/95)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "11.5% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "4.07 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "5.2 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.4% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "18,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "17.5% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.4% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99%", - "male": "99%", - "female": "99% (2003 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "16 years", - "male": "16 years", - "female": "16 years (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "7.7%", - "male": "7.6%", - "female": "7.9% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Swiss Confederation", - "conventional_short_form": "Switzerland", - "local_long_form": "Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft (German); Confederation Suisse (French); Confederazione Svizzera (Italian); Confederaziun Svizra (Romansh)", - "local_short_form": "Schweiz (German); Suisse (French); Svizzera (Italian); Svizra (Romansh)" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "formally a confederation but similar in structure to a federal republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Bern", - "geographic_coordinates": "46 55 N, 7 28 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "26 cantons (cantons, singular - canton in French; cantoni, singular - cantone in Italian; Kantone, singular - Kanton in German); Aargau, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Bern, Fribourg, Geneve, Glarus, Graubuenden, Jura, Luzern, Neuchatel, Nidwalden, Obwalden, Sankt Gallen, Schaffhausen, Schwyz, Solothurn, Thurgau, Ticino, Uri, Valais, Vaud, Zug, Zuerich", - "note": "6 of the cantons - Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Nidwalden, Obwalden - are referred to as half cantons because they elect only one member to the Council of States and, in popular referendums where a majority of popular votes and a majority of cantonal votes are required, these six cantons only have a half vote" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "1 August 1291 (founding of the Swiss Confederation)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Founding of the Swiss Confederation, 1 August (1291)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "revision of Constitution of 1874 approved by the Federal Parliament 18 December 1998, adopted by referendum 18 April 1999, officially entered into force 1 January 2000" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts, except for federal decrees of a general obligatory character" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President of the Swiss Confederation Ueli MAURER; Vice President Didier BURKHALTER; note - the Federal Council, which is comprised of seven federal councillors, constitutes the federal government of Switzerland; council members rotate in one-year terms as federal president (chief of state and head of government)", - "head_of_government": "President of the Swiss Confederation Ueli MAURER (since 1 January 2013); Vice President Didier BURKHALTER (since 1 January 2013)", - "cabinet": "Federal Council or Bundesrat (in German), Conseil Federal (in French), Consiglio Federale (in Italian) is elected by the Federal Assembly usually from among its members for a four-year term", - "elections": "president and vice president elected by the Federal Assembly from among the members of the Federal Council for a one-year term (they may not serve consecutive terms); election last held on 5 December 2012 (next to be held in early December 2013)", - "election_results": "Ueli MAURER elected president; number of Federal Assembly votes - 148 of 202; Didier BURKHALTER elected vice president" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung (in German), Assemblee Federale (in French), Assemblea Federale (in Italian) consists of the Council of States or Staenderat (in German), Conseil des Etats (in French), Consiglio degli Stati (in Italian) (46 seats; membership consists of 2 representatives from each canton and 1 from each half canton; members serve four-year terms) and the National Council or Nationalrat (in German), Conseil National (in French), Consiglio Nazionale (in Italian) (200 seats; members elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "Council of States - last held in most cantons on 23 October 2011 (each canton determines when the next election will be held); National Council - last held on 23 October 2011 (next to be held in October 2015)", - "election_results": "Council of States - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CVP 13, FDP 11, SVP 5, SPS 11, other 6; National Council - percent of vote by party - SVP 26.6%, SPS 18.7%, FDP 15.1%, CVP 12.3%, Green Party 8.4%, GLP 5.4%, BDP 5.4%, other 8.1%; seats by party - SVP 54, SPS 46, FDP 30, CVP 28, Green Party 15, GLP 12, BDP 9, other small parties 6" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Federal Supreme Court (consists of 38 judges and 31 substitutes and organized into 5 sections)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges elected by the Federal Assembly for 6-year terms; note - judges are affiliated with political parties and are elected according to linguistic and regional criteria in approximate proportion to the level of party representation in the Federal Assembly", - "subordinate_courts": "Federal Criminal Court (began in 2004); Federal Administrative Court (began in 2007); note - each of Switzerland's 26 cantons has its own courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Christian Democratic People's Party (Christlichdemokratische Volkspartei der Schweiz or CVP, Parti Democrate-Chretien Suisse or PDC, Partito Popolare Democratico Svizzero or PPD, Partida Cristiandemocratica dalla Svizra or PCD) [Christophe DARBELLAY]; Conservative Democratic Party (Buergerlich-Demokratische Partei Schweiz or BDP, Parti Bourgeois Democratique Suisse or PBD, Partito Borghese Democratico Svizzero or PBD, Partido burgais democratica Svizera or PBD) [Martin LANDOLT]; Free Democratic Party or FDP.The Liberals (FDP.Die Liberalen, PLR.Les Liberaux-Radicaux, PLR.I Liberali, Ils Liberals) [Philipp MUELLER]; Green Liberal Party (Grunliberale or GLP, Parti vert liberale or PVL, Partito Verde-Liberale or PVL, Partida Verde Liberale or PVL) [Martin BAEUMLE]; Green Party (Gruene Partei der Schweiz or Gruene, Parti Ecologiste Suisse or Les Verts, Partito Ecologista Svizzero or I Verdi, Partida Ecologica Svizra or La Verda) [Adele THORENS]; Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz or SPS, Parti Socialiste Suisse or PSS, Partito Socialista Svizzero or PSS, Partida Socialdemocratica de la Svizra or PSS) [Christian LEVRAT]; Swiss People's Party (Schweizerische Volkspartei or SVP, Union Democratique du Centre or UDC, Unione Democratica di Centro or UDC, Uniun Democratica dal Center or UDC) [Toni BRUNNER]; and other minor parties" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, EITI (implementing country), ESA, FAO, FATF, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MONUSCO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Manuel SAGER", - "chancery": "2900 Cathedral Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 745-7900", - "fax": "[1] (202) 387-2564", - "consulates_general": "Atlanta, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco", - "consulates": "Boston" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Donald S. BEYER, Jr.", - "embassy": "Sulgeneckstrasse 19, CH-3007 Bern", - "mailing_address": "use embassy street address", - "telephone": "[41] (031) 357-70-11", - "fax": "[41] (031) 357-73-44" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "red square with a bold, equilateral white cross in the center that does not extend to the edges of the flag; various medieval legends purport to describe the origin of the flag; a white cross used as identification for troops of the Swiss Confederation is first attested at the Battle of Laupen (1339)" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Swiss cross (white cross on red field; arms equal length)" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Schweizerpsalm\" [German] \"Cantique Suisse\" [French] \"Salmo svizzero,\" [Italian] \"Psalm svizzer\" [Romansch] (Swiss Psalm)", - "lyrics_music": "Leonhard WIDMER [German], Charles CHATELANAT [French], Camillo VALSANGIACOMO [Italian], and Flurin CAMATHIAS [Romansch]/Alberik ZWYSSIG", - "note": "unofficially adopted 1961, official adoption 1981; the anthem has been popular in a number of Swiss cantons since its composition (in German) in 1841; translated into the other three official languages of the country (French, Italian, and Romansch), it is official in each of those languages" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Switzerland is a peaceful, prosperous, and modern market economy with low unemployment, a highly skilled labor force, and a per capita GDP among the highest in the world. Switzerland's economy benefits from a highly developed service sector, led by financial services, and a manufacturing industry that specializes in high-technology, knowledge-based production. Its economic and political stability, transparent legal system, exceptional infrastructure, efficient capital markets, and low corporate tax rates also make Switzerland one of the world's most competitive economies. The Swiss have brought their economic practices largely into conformity with the EU's to enhance their international competitiveness, but some trade protectionism remains, particularly for its small agricultural sector. The fate of the Swiss economy is tightly linked to that of its neighbors in the euro zone, which purchases half of all Swiss exports. The global financial crisis of 2008 and resulting economic downturn in 2009 stalled export demand and put Switzerland in a recession. The Swiss National Bank (SNB) during this period effectively implemented a zero-interest rate policy to boost the economy as well as prevent appreciation of the franc, and Switzerland's economy recovered in 2010 with 3.0% growth. The sovereign debt crises currently unfolding in neighboring euro-zone countries pose a significant risk to Switzerland's financial stability and are driving up demand for the Swiss franc by investors seeking a safe-haven currency. The independent SNB has upheld its zero-interest rate policy and conducted major market interventions to prevent further appreciation of the Swiss franc, but parliamentarians have urged it to do more to weaken the currency. The franc's strength has made Swiss exports less competitive and weakened the country's growth outlook; GDP growth fell to 1.9% in 2011 and 0.8% in 2012. Switzerland has also come under increasing pressure from individual neighboring countries, the EU, the US, and international institutions to reform its banking secrecy laws. Consequently, the government agreed to conform to OECD regulations on administrative assistance in tax matters, including tax evasion. The government has renegotiated its double taxation agreements with numerous countries, including the US, to incorporate the OECD standard, and is considering the possibility of imposing taxes on bank deposits held by foreigners. These steps will have a lasting impact on Switzerland's long history of bank secrecy." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$369.4 billion (2012 est.); $365.8 billion (2011 est.); $358.9 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$632.4 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "1% (2012 est.); 1.9% (2011 est.); 3% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$46,200 (2012 est.); $46,000 (2011 est.); $45,600 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "29.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 26.2% of GDP (2011 est.); 33.4% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "58%", - "government_consumption": "11.2%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "20%", - "investment_in_inventories": "1.1%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "51.1%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-41% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "1.4%", - "industry": "28%", - "services": "70.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "grains, fruits, vegetables; meat, eggs" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "machinery, chemicals, watches, textiles, precision instruments, tourism, banking, and insurance" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "4.954 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "3.4%", - "industry": "23.4%", - "services": "73.2% (2010)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "2.9% (2012 est.); 2.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "7.9% (2010)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "7.5%", - "highest_10%": "19% (2007)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "29.6 (2010); 33.1 (1992)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$212.6 billion", - "expenditures": "$212.9 billion", - "note": "includes federal, cantonal, and municipal accounts (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "33.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "0% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "52.4% of GDP (2011 est.); 54.5% of GDP (2010)", - "note": "general government gross debt; gross debt consists of all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future; includes debt liabilities in the form of SDRs, currency and deposits, debt securities, loans, insurance, pensions and standardized guarantee schemes, and other accounts payable; all liabilities in the GFSM 2001 system are debt, except for equity and investment fund shares and financial derivatives and employee stock options" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "-0.7% (2012 est.); 0.2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "0.5% (31 December 2010 est.); 0.75% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "2.69% (31 December 2012 est.); 2.72% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$534.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $464.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$1.166 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.05 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$1.247 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.159 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$932.2 billion (31 December 2011); $1.229 trillion (31 December 2010); $1.071 trillion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$66.5 billion (2012 est.); $74.06 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$333.4 billion (2012 est.); $345.6 billion (2011 est.)", - "note": "trade data exclude trade with Switzerland" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery, chemicals, metals, watches, agricultural products" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 19.8%, US 11.1%, Italy 7.2%, France 7.1%, UK 5.4% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$287.7 billion (2012 est.); $320.4 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery, chemicals, vehicles, metals; agricultural products, textiles" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 29.7%, Italy 10.2%, France 8.4%, US 5.6%, China 5.6%, Austria 4.2% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$531.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $331.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$1.563 trillion (31 December 2012); $1.424 trillion (31 December 2011)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$641.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $621.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$1.041 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $994.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Swiss francs (CHF) per US dollar -; 0.9374 (2012 est.); 0.8876 (2011 est.); 1.0429 (2010 est.); 1.0881 (2009); 1.0774 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "62.88 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "60.42 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "80.71 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "83.3 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "17.7 million kW (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "2.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "16.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "69.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "2.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "258,200 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "103,500 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "258,200 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "9,851 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "176,500 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "3.681 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "3.681 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2011 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "45.55 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "4.613 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "10.122 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "highly developed telecommunications infrastructure with excellent domestic and international services", - "domestic": "ranked among leading countries for fixed-line teledensity and infrastructure; mobile-cellular subscribership roughly 125 per 100 persons; extensive cable and microwave radio relay networks", - "international": "country code - 41; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "the publicly owned radio and TV broadcaster, Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (SRG/SSR), operates 7 national TV networks, 3 broadcasting in German, 2 in Italian, and 2 in French; private commercial TV stations broadcast regionally and locally; TV broadcasts from stations in Germany, Italy, and France are widely available via multi-channel cable and satellite TV services; SRG/SSR operates 18 radio stations that, along with private broadcasters, provide national to local coverage (2009)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ch" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "5.301 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "6.152 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "63 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "40", - "over_3_047_m": "3", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "12", - "914_to_1_523_m": "6", - "under_914_m": "17 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "23", - "under_914_m": "23 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "2 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 1,800 km; oil 94 km; refined products 7 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "4,876 km", - "standard_gauge": "3,846 km 1.435-m gauge (3,591 km electrified)", - "narrow_gauge": "1,020 km 1.000-m gauge (1,013 km electrified); 10 km 0.800-m gauge (10 km electrified) (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "71,454 km", - "paved": "71,454 km (includes 1,790 of expressways) (2010)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "1,292 km (there are 1,227 km of waterways on lakes and rivers for public transport and another 65 km on the Rhine River between Basel-Rheinfelden and Schaffhausen-Bodensee used for the transport of commercial goods) (2010)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "38", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 19, cargo 9, chemical tanker 5, container 4, petroleum tanker 1", - "registered_in_other_countries": "127 (Antigua and Barbuda 7, Bahamas 1, Belize 1, Cayman Islands 1, France 5, Germany 2, Hong Kong 5, Italy 13, Liberia 25, Luxembourg 1, Malta 20, Marshall Islands 12, NZ 2, Panama 15, Portugal 3, Russia 3, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 7, Singapore 3, Spain 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Basel" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Swiss Armed Forces: Land Forces, Swiss Air Force (Schweizer Luftwaffe) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "19-26 years of age for male compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary male and female military service; every Swiss male has to serve at least 260 days in the armed forces; conscripts receive 18 weeks of mandatory training, followed by seven 3-week intermittent recalls for training during the next 10 years (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,828,043", - "females_age_16_49": "1,786,552 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,493,509", - "females_age_16_49": "1,459,450 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "46,562", - "female": "42,585 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "10,981 (Eritrea) (2012)", - "stateless_persons": "69 (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "a major international financial center vulnerable to the layering and integration stages of money laundering; despite significant legislation and reporting requirements, secrecy rules persist and nonresidents are permitted to conduct business through offshore entities and various intermediaries; transit country for and consumer of South American cocaine, Southwest Asian heroin, and Western European synthetics; domestic cannabis cultivation and limited ecstasy production" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/cy-cyprus.json b/europe/cy-cyprus.json deleted file mode 100644 index 938f6759..00000000 --- a/europe/cy-cyprus.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,640 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "A former British colony, Cyprus became independent in 1960 following years of resistance to British rule. Tensions between the Greek Cypriot majority and Turkish Cypriot minority came to a head in December 1963, when violence broke out in the capital of Nicosia. Despite the deployment of UN peacekeepers in 1964, sporadic intercommunal violence continued forcing most Turkish Cypriots into enclaves throughout the island. In 1974, a Greek Government-sponsored attempt to seize control of Cyprus was met by military intervention from Turkey, which soon controlled more than a third of the island. In 1983, the Turkish Cypriot-occupied area declared itself the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\" (\"TRNC\"), but it is recognized only by Turkey. The election of a new Cypriot president in 2008 served as the impetus for the UN to encourage both the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities to reopen unification negotiations. In September 2008, the leaders of the two communities began discussions under UN auspices aimed at reuniting the divided island. The talks are ongoing. The entire island entered the EU on 1 May 2004, although the EU acquis - the body of common rights and obligations - applies only to the areas under the internationally recognized government, and is suspended in the areas administered by Turkish Cypriots. However, individual Turkish Cypriots able to document their eligibility for Republic of Cyprus citizenship legally enjoy the same rights accorded to other citizens of European Union states." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Middle East, island in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Turkey" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "35 00 N, 33 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "9,251 sq km (of which 3,355 sq km are in north Cyprus)", - "land": "9,241 sq km", - "water": "10 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "about 0.6 times the size of Connecticut" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "150.4 km (approximately)", - "border_sovereign_base_areas": "Akrotiri 47.4 km, Dhekelia 103 km (approximately)" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "648 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "central plain with mountains to north and south; scattered but significant plains along southern coast" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Mediterranean Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Mount Olympus 1,951 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "copper, pyrites, asbestos, gypsum, timber, salt, marble, clay earth pigment" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "9.06%", - "permanent_crops": "3.54%", - "other": "87.41% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "457.9 sq km (2007)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "0.78 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.18 cu km/yr (10%/3%/86%)", - "per_capita": "164.7 cu m/yr (2009)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "moderate earthquake activity; droughts" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "water resource problems (no natural reservoir catchments, seasonal disparity in rainfall, sea water intrusion to island's largest aquifer, increased salination in the north); water pollution from sewage and industrial wastes; coastal degradation; loss of wildlife habitats from urbanization" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily and Sardinia)" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Cypriot(s)", - "adjective": "Cypriot" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Greek 77%, Turkish 18%, other 5% (2001)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Greek (official), Turkish (official), English" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Greek Orthodox 78%, Muslim 18%, other (includes Maronite and Armenian Apostolic) 4%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "1,155,403 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "15.8% (male 93,644/female 88,392)", - "15_24_years": "15.8% (male 99,041/female 83,160)", - "25_54_years": "46.9% (male 283,599/female 258,130)", - "55_64_years": "10.6% (male 58,569/female 64,243)", - "65_years_and_over": "11% (male 55,036/female 71,589) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "41.3 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "24 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "17.3 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "5.8 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "35.4 years", - "male": "34 years", - "female": "37.1 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.52% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "11.45 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "6.52 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "10.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "70.5% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.36% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "NICOSIA (capital) 253,000 (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.19 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.09 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.91 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.77 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.04 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "27.5 (2005 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "10 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "8.82 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "10.39 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "7.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "78.17 years", - "male": "75.38 years", - "female": "81.09 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.46 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "6% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "2.3 physicians/1,000 population (2006)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "3.8 beds/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2003 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "fewer than 1,000 (2007 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "25.5% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "7.9% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "98.7%", - "male": "99.3%", - "female": "98.1% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "14 years", - "male": "14 years", - "female": "14 years (2010)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "22.3%", - "male": "23.1%", - "female": "21.5% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Cyprus", - "conventional_short_form": "Cyprus", - "local_long_form": "Kypriaki Dimokratia/Kibris Cumhuriyeti", - "local_short_form": "Kypros/Kibris", - "note": "the Turkish Cypriot community, which administers the northern part of the island, refers to itself as the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\" or \"TRNC\" (Kuzey Kibris Turk Cumhuriyeti or KKTC)" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic", - "note": "a separation of the two ethnic communities inhabiting the island began following the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified after the Turkish intervention in July 1974, following a Greek military-junta-supported coup attempt that gave the Turkish Cypriots de facto control in the north; Greek Cypriots control the only internationally recognized government; on 15 November 1983 Turkish Cypriot \"President\" Rauf DENKTAS declared independence and the formation of a \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\" (\"TRNC\"), which is recognized only by Turkey" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Nicosia (Lefkosia/Lefkosa)", - "geographic_coordinates": "35 10 N, 33 22 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "6 districts; Ammochostos (Famagusta; all but a small part controlled by Turkish Cyprus), Keryneia (Kyrenia; the only district completely controlled by Turkish Cyprus), Larnaka (Larnaca; a small part controlled by Turkish Cyprus), Lemesos (Limassol), Lefkosia (Nicosia; a small part controlled by Turkish Cyprus), Pafos (Paphos); note - the five districts of Turkish Cyprus are Gazimagusa (Famagusta), Girne (Kyrenia), Guzelyurt (Morphou), Lefkosia (Nicosia) and Iskele (Trikomo)" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "16 August 1960 (from the UK); note - Turkish Cypriots proclaimed self-rule on 13 February 1975 and independence in 1983, but these proclamations are only recognized by Turkey" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 1 October (1960); note - Turkish Cypriots celebrate 15 November (1983) as \"Independence Day\"" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "16 August 1960", - "note": "from December 1963, the Turkish Cypriots no longer participated in the government; negotiations to create the basis for a new or revised constitution to govern the island and for better relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been held intermittently since the mid-1960s; in 1975, following the 1974 Turkish intervention, Turkish Cypriots created their own constitution and governing bodies within the \"Turkish Federated State of Cyprus,\" which they then called the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC)\" when the Turkish Cypriots declared independence in 1983; a new constitution for the \"TRNC\" passed by referendum on 5 May 1985, although the \"TRNC\" remains unrecognized by any country other than Turkey" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and civil law with Greek Orthodox religious law influence" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Nicos ANASTASIADES (since 28 February 2013); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; post of vice president is currently vacant; under the 1960 constitution, the post is reserved for a Turkish Cypriot", - "head_of_government": "President Nicos ANASTASIADES (since 28 February 2013)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed jointly by the president and vice president", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held on 17 and 24 February 2013 (next to be held in February 2018)", - "election_results": "Nicos ANASTASIADES elected president; percent of vote (first round) - Nicos ANASTASIADES 45.46%, Stavros MALAS 26.91%, Giorgos LILLIKAS 24.93%, other 2.7%; (second round) Nicos ANASTASIADES 57.48%, Savros MALAS 42.52%", - "note": "Dervis EROGLU became \"president\" of the \"TRNC\" on 23 April 2010 after \"presidential\" elections on 18 April 2010; results - Dervis EROGLU 50.4%, Mehmet Ali TALAT 42.9%; Sibel SIBER is \"TRNC acting prime minister\"" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral - area under government control: House of Representatives or Vouli Antiprosopon (80 seats; 56 assigned to the Greek Cypriots, 24 to Turkish Cypriots; note - only those assigned to Greek Cypriots are filled; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms); area administered by Turkish Cypriots: Assembly of the Republic or Cumhuriyet Meclisi (50 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "area under government control: last held on 22 May 2011 (next to be held in May 2016); area administered by Turkish Cypriots: last held on 19 April 2009 (next to be held on 28 July 2013)", - "election_results": "area under government control: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - DISY 34.3%, AKEL 32.7%, DIKO 15.8%, EDEK 8.9%, EURO.KO 3.9%, other 4.4%; seats by party - DISY 20, AKEL 19, DIKO 9, EDEK 5, EURO.KO 2, other 1; area administered by Turkish Cypriots: Assembly of the Republic - percent of vote by party - UBP 44.1%, CTP 29.3%, DP 10.6%, other 16%; seats by party - UBP 26, CTP 15, DP 5, other 4" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Cyprus (consists of 13 judges including the court president); note - the highest court in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) is the Supreme Court (consists of 8 judges including the court president)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Republic of Cyprus Supreme Court judges appointed by the president of the republic upon the recommendation of the Supreme Court judges; judges tenure NA; TRNC Supreme Court judges appointed by the Supreme Council of Judicature, a 12-member body of judges, the attorney general, appointees - one each by the president of the TRNC and by the Legislative Assembly, and a member elected by the Bar Association; judge tenure NA", - "subordinate_courts": "Republic of Cyprus district courts; Assize Courts; specialized courts for issues relating to family, industrial disputes, military, and rent control; TRNC Assize Courts; district and family courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "area_under_government_control": "Democratic Party or DIKO [Marios KAROYIAN (Garoyian)]; Democratic Rally or DISY [Nicos ANASTASIADES]; European Party or EURO.KO [Demetris SYLLOURIS]; Fighting Democratic Movement or ADIK [Dinos MIKHAILIDES]; note - now part of Democratic Party or DIKO; Green Party of Cyprus [George PERDIKIS]; Movement for Social Democrats or EDEK [Yiannakis OMIROU]; Progressive Party of the Working People or AKEL (Communist Party) [Andros KYPRIANOU]; United Democrats or EDI [Praxoula ANTONIADOU]", - "area_administered_by_turkish_cypriots": "Communal Democracy Party or TDP [Mehmet CAKICI]; Cyprus Socialist Party or KSP [Yusuf ALKIM]; Democratic Party or DP [Serdar DENKTAS]; Freedom and Reform Party or ORP [Turgay AVCI]; National Unity Party or UBP [Irsen KUCUK]; Nationalist Justice Party or MAP [Ata TEPE]; New Cyprus Party or YKP [Murat KANATLI]; Politics for the People Party or HIS [Ahmet YONLUER]; note - joined the National Unity Party in 2010; Republican Turkish Party or CTP [Ozkam YORGANCIOGLU]; United Cyprus Party or BKP [Izzet IZCAN]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Confederation of Cypriot Workers or SEK (pro-West); Confederation of Revolutionary Labor Unions or Dev-Is; Federation of Turkish Cypriot Labor Unions or Turk-Sen; Pan-Cyprian Labor Federation or PEO (Communist controlled)" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "Australia Group, C, CD, CE, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (observer), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Georgios CHACALLI", - "chancery": "2211 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 462-5772, 462-0873", - "fax": "[1] (202) 483-6710", - "consulates_general": "New York", - "note": "representative of the Turkish Cypriot community in the US is Ahmet ERDENGIZ; office at 1667 K Street NW, Washington, DC; telephone [1] (202) 887-6198" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador John M. KOENIG", - "embassy": "corner of Metochiou and Ploutarchou Streets, 2407 Engomi, Nicosia", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 24536, 1385 Nicosia", - "telephone": "[357] (22) 393939", - "fax": "[357] (22) 780944" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "white with a copper-colored silhouette of the island (the name Cyprus is derived from the Greek word for copper) above two green crossed olive branches in the center of the flag; the branches symbolize the hope for peace and reconciliation between the Greek and Turkish communities", - "note": "the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\" flag retains the white field of the Cyprus national flag but displays narrow horizontal red stripes positioned a small distance from the top and bottom edges between which are centered a red crescent and a red five-pointed star; the banner is modeled after the Turkish national flag but with the colors reversed" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Cypriot mouflon (wild sheep); white dove" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Ymnos eis tin Eleftherian\" (Hymn to Liberty)", - "lyrics_music": "Dionysios SOLOMOS/Nikolaos MANTZAROS", - "note": "adopted 1960; Cyprus adopted the Greek national anthem as its own; the Turkish community in Cyprus uses the anthem of Turkey" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "The area of the Republic of Cyprus under government control has a market economy dominated by the service sector, which accounts for four-fifths of GDP. Tourism, financial services, and real estate are the most important sectors. Erratic growth rates over the past decade reflect the economy's reliance on tourism, the profitability of which can fluctuate with political instability in the region and economic conditions in Western Europe. Nevertheless, the economy in the area under government control has grown at a rate well above the EU average since 2000. Cyprus joined the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM2) in May 2005 and adopted the euro as its national currency on 1 January 2008. An aggressive austerity program in the preceding years, aimed at paving the way for the euro, helped turn a soaring fiscal deficit (6.3% in 2003) into a surplus of 1.2% in 2008, and reduced inflation to 4.7%. This prosperity came under pressure in 2009, as construction and tourism slowed in the face of reduced foreign demand triggered by the ongoing global financial crisis. Although Cyprus lagged behind its EU peers in showing signs of stress from the global crisis, the economy tipped into recession in 2009, contracting by 1.7%, and has been slow to bounce back since, posting anemic growth in 2010-11 before contracting again by 2.3% in 2012. Serious problems surfaced in the Cypriot financial sector in early 2011 as the Greek fiscal crisis and euro zone debt crisis deepened. Cyprus's borrowing costs have risen steadily because of its exposure to Greek debt. Two of Cyprus's biggest banks are among the largest holders of Greek bonds in Europe and have a substantial presence in Greece through bank branches and subsidiaries. Cyprus experienced numerous downgrades of its credit rating in 2012 and has been cut off from international money markets. The Cypriot economy contracted in 2012 following the writedown of Greek bonds. A liquidity squeeze is choking the financial sector and the real economy as many global investors are uncertain the Cypriot economy can weather the EU crisis. The budget deficit rose to 7.4% of GDP in 2011, a violation of the EU's budget deficit criteria - no more than 3% of GDP. In response to the country's deteriorating finances and serious risk of contagion from the Greek debt crisis, Nicosia implemented measures to cut the cost of the state payroll, curb tax evasion, and revamp social benefits, and trimmed the deficit to 4.2% of GDP in 2012. In July, Nicosia became the fifth euro zone government to request an economic bailout program from the European Commission, the European Central Bank, and the International Monetary Fund - known collectively as the \"Troika\". Negotiations over the final details of the plan are ongoing." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$24 billion (2012 est.); $24.6 billion (2011 est.); $24.47 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$23.01 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "-2.4% (2012 est.); 0.5% (2011 est.); 1.3% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$27,500 (2012 est.); $28,500 (2011 est.); $29,100 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "8.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 12.8% of GDP (2011 est.); 9.8% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "66.8%", - "government_consumption": "20.1%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "12.8%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.3%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "45.5%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-45.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "2.4%", - "industry": "16.7%", - "services": "80.9% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "citrus, vegetables, barley, grapes, olives, vegetables; poultry, pork, lamb; dairy, cheese" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "tourism, food and beverage processing, cement and gypsum production, ship repair and refurbishment, textiles, light chemicals, metal products, wood, paper, stone and clay products" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "416,900 (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "8.5%", - "industry": "20.5%", - "services": "71% (2006 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "11.9% (2012 est.); 7.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "29 (2005)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$9.831 billion", - "expenditures": "$10.89 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "42.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-4.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "84.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 71.1% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.4% (2012 est.); 3.3% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "1.5% (31 December 2012); 1.75% (31 December 2010)", - "note": "this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "7% (31 December 2012 est.); 6.83% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$14.73 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $14.6 billion (31 December 2010 est.)", - "note": "see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the EMU; individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$56.25 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $52.97 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$54.19 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $53.74 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$2.853 billion (31 December 2011); $6.834 billion (31 December 2010); $4.993 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$1.963 billion (2012 est.); -$2.546 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$2.679 billion (2012 est.); $2.748 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "citrus, potatoes, pharmaceuticals, cement, clothing" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Greece 23.3%, UK 10.1% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$7.093 billion (2012 est.); $7.951 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "consumer goods, petroleum and lubricants, machinery, transport equipment" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Greece 21.5%, Israel 11.9%, Italy 8.3%, UK 7.4%, Germany 7%, Netherlands 6.7%, France 6%, China 4.5% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$1.207 billion (2011 est.); $1.207 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$106.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $113.6 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$27.26 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $25.06 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$11.13 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $10.13 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -; 0.7778 (2012 est.); 0.7185 (2011 est.); 0.755 (2010 est.); 0.7198 (2009 est.); 0.6827 (2008 est.)" - }, - "economy_of_the_area_administered_by_turkish_cypriots": { - "economy_overview": "The Turkish Cypriot economy has roughly half the per capita GDP of the south, and economic growth tends to be volatile, given the north's relative isolation, bloated public sector, reliance on the Turkish lira, and small market size. The Turkish Cypriots are heavily dependent on transfers from the Turkish Government. Ankara directly finances about one-third of the Turkish Cypriot \"administration's\" budget. Aid from Turkey has exceeded $400 million annually in recent years. The Turkish Cypriot economy experienced a sharp slowdown in 2008-09 due to the global financial crisis and to its reliance on British and Turkish tourism, both of which declined due to the recession. The Turkish Cypriot budget deficit also deteriorated in 2009 due to decreased state revenues and increased government expenditures on public sector salaries and social services. The Turkish Cypriot economy declined about 0.6% in 2010.", - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": "$1.829 billion (2007 est.)", - "gdp_real_growth_rate": "-0.6% (2010 est.)", - "gdp_per_capita": "$11,700 (2007 est.)", - "gdp_composition_by_sector": "agriculture: 8.6%, industry: 22.4%, services: 69.1% (2006 est.)", - "labor_force": "95,030 (2007 est.)", - "labor_force_by_occupation": "agriculture: 14.5%, industry: 29%, services: 56.5% (2004)", - "unemployment_rate": "9.4% (2005 est.)", - "population_below_poverty_line": "%NA", - "inflation_rate": "11.4% (2006)", - "budget": "revenues: $2.5 billion, expenditures: $2.5 billion (2006)", - "agriculture_products": "citrus fruit, dairy, potatoes, grapes, olives, poultry, lamb", - "industries": "foodstuffs, textiles, clothing, ship repair, clay, gypsum, copper, furniture", - "industrial_production_growth_rate": "-0.3% (2007 est.)", - "electricity_production": "998.9 million kWh (2005)", - "electricity_consumption": "797.9 million kWh (2005)", - "exports": "$68.1 million, f.o.b. (2007 est.)", - "export_commodities": "citrus, dairy, potatoes, textiles", - "export_partners": "Turkey 40%; direct trade between the area administered by Turkish Cypriots and the area under government control remains limited", - "imports": "$1.2 billion, f.o.b. (2007 est.)", - "import_commodities": "vehicles, fuel, cigarettes, food, minerals, chemicals, machinery", - "import_partners": "Turkey 60%; direct trade between the area administered by Turkish Cypriots and the area under government control remains limited", - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": "$NA", - "debt_external": "$NA", - "currency_code": "Turkish new lira (YTL)", - "exchange_rates": "Turkish new lira per US dollar: 1.67 (2011) 1.5 (2010) 1.55 (2009) 1.32 (2008) 1.32 (2007)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "4.887 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "4.698 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "1.392 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "99.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "58,430 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "60,310 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "9.257 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "405,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "1.09 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "excellent in both area under government control and area administered by Turkish Cypriots", - "domestic": "open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay", - "international": "country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90); a number of submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, combine to provide connectivity to Western Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; tropospheric scatter; satellite earth stations - 8 (3 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean, 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "mixture of state and privately run TV and radio services; the public broadcaster operates 2 TV channels and 4 radio stations; 6 private TV broadcasters, satellite and cable TV services including telecasts from Greece and Turkey, and a number of private radio stations are available; in areas administered by Turkish Cypriots, there are 2 public TV stations, 4 public radio stations, and privately owned TV and radio broadcast stations (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".cy" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "252,013 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "433,900 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "15 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "13", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "7", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2", - "914_to_1_523_m": "3", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "2", - "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "9 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "20,006 km", - "government_control": "13,006 km (includes 2,277 km of expressways)", - "paved": "8,564 km", - "unpaved": "4,442 km", - "turkish_cypriot_control": "7,000 km (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "838", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 278, cargo 163, chemical tanker 77, container 201, liquefied gas 11, passenger 3, passenger/cargo 25, petroleum tanker 62, refrigerated cargo 5, roll on/roll off 9, vehicle carrier 4", - "foreign_owned": "622 (Angola 1, Austria 1, Belgium 3, Bermuda 1, Canada 2, China 6, Denmark 6, Estonia 6, France 16, Germany 192, Greece 201, Hong Kong 2, India 4, Iran 10, Ireland 3, Italy 6, Japan 16, Netherlands 23, Norway 14, Philippines 1, Poland 24, Portugal 2, Russia 46, Singapore 1, Slovenia 5, Spain 6, Sweden 5, Turkey 1, UAE 3, UK 7, Ukraine 3, US 5)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "152 (Bahamas 23, Cambodia 4, Comoros 2, Finland 1, Gibraltar 1, Greece 3, Hong Kong 3, Liberia 9, Malta 32, Marshall Islands 40, Norway 1, Panama 5, Russia 13, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 3, Sierra Leone 2, Singapore 6, unknown 4) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "area under government control: Larnaca, Limassol, Vasilikos; area administered by Turkish Cypriots: Famagusta, Kyrenia" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Republic of Cyprus: Greek Cypriot National Guard (Ethniki Froura, EF; includes naval and air elements); Northern Cyprus: Turkish Cypriot Security Force (GKK) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "Greek Cypriot National Guard (GCNG): 18-50 years of age for compulsory military service for all Greek Cypriot males; 17 years of age for voluntary service; length of service obligation is 25 months; women may volunteer for a 3-year term (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "greek_cypriot_national_guard_gcng": "", - "males_age_16_49": "327,875", - "females_age_16_49": "287,891 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "greek_cypriot_national_guard_gcng": "", - "males_age_16_49": "275,842", - "females_age_16_49": "239,862 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "8,167", - "female": "7,398 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "2% of GDP (2012) (U)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "hostilities in 1974 divided the island into two de facto autonomous entities, the internationally recognized Cypriot Government and a Turkish-Cypriot community (north Cyprus); the 1,000-strong UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) has served in Cyprus since 1964 and maintains the buffer zone between north and south; on 1 May 2004, Cyprus entered the European Union still divided, with the EU's body of legislation and standards (acquis communitaire) suspended in the north; Turkey protests Cypriot Government creating hydrocarbon blocks and maritime boundary with Lebanon in March 2007" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "idps": "208,000 (both Turkish and Greek Cypriots; many displaced since 1974) (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "minor transit point for heroin and hashish via air routes and container traffic to Europe, especially from Lebanon and Turkey; some cocaine transits as well; despite a strengthening of anti-money-laundering legislation, remains vulnerable to money laundering; reporting of suspicious transactions in offshore sector remains weak (2008)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/cz-czech-republic.json b/europe/cz-czech-republic.json deleted file mode 100644 index 68859e1d..00000000 --- a/europe/cz-czech-republic.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,616 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "At the close of World War I, the Czechs and Slovaks of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire merged to form Czechoslovakia. During the interwar years, having rejected a federal system, the new country's predominantly Czech leaders were frequently preoccupied with meeting the increasingly strident demands of other ethnic minorities within the republic, most notably the Slovaks, the Sudeten Germans, and the Ruthenians (Ukrainians). On the eve of World War II, Nazi Germany occupied the Czech part of the country and Slovakia became an independent state allied with Germany. After the war, a reunited but truncated Czechoslovakia (less Ruthenia) fell within the Soviet sphere of influence. In 1968, an invasion by Warsaw Pact troops ended the efforts of the country's leaders to liberalize communist rule and create \"socialism with a human face,\" ushering in a period of repression known as \"normalization.\" The peaceful \"Velvet Revolution\" swept the Communist Party from power at the end of 1989 and inaugurated a return to democratic rule and a market economy. On 1 January 1993, the country underwent a nonviolent \"velvet divorce\" into its two national components, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Czech Republic joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Central Europe, between Germany, Poland, Slovakia, and Austria" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "49 45 N, 15 30 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "78,867 sq km", - "land": "77,247 sq km", - "water": "1,620 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than South Carolina" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,989 km", - "border_countries": "Austria 362 km, Germany 815 km, Poland 615 km, Slovakia 197 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east consists of very hilly country" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Labe (Elbe) River 115 m", - "highest_point": "Snezka 1,602 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite, timber" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "40.12%", - "permanent_crops": "0.96%", - "other": "58.92% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "385.3 sq km (2007)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "13.15 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "1.7 cu km/yr (41%/56%/2%)", - "per_capita": "164.7 cu m/yr (2009)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "flooding" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "air and water pollution in areas of northwest Bohemia and in northern Moravia around Ostrava present health risks; acid rain damaging forests; efforts to bring industry up to EU code should improve domestic pollution" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; strategically located astride some of oldest and most significant land routes in Europe; Moravian Gate is a traditional military corridor between the North European Plain and the Danube in central Europe" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Czech(s)", - "adjective": "Czech" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Czech 63.7%, Moravian 4.9%, Slovak 1.4%, other 30% (2011 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Czech 95.4%, Slovak 1.6%, other 3% (2011 census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 10.3%, Protestant (includes Czech Brethren and Hussite) 0.8%, other and unspecified 54.6%, none 34.2% (2011 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "10,162,921 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "13.4% (male 701,936/female 663,571)", - "15_24_years": "11.1% (male 575,726/female 548,800)", - "25_54_years": "43.6% (male 2,255,899/female 2,179,195)", - "55_64_years": "14.2% (male 699,149/female 748,529)", - "65_years_and_over": "17.6% (male 723,059/female 1,067,057) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "46.1 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "21.7 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "24.4 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "4.1 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "41.4 years", - "male": "40 years", - "female": "43.1 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.15% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "8.55 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "11.01 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "73.4% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.24% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "PRAGUE (capital) 1.276 million (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.93 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.67 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.95 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "27.6 (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "5 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "3.67 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "4 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "3.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "77.56 years", - "male": "74.29 years", - "female": "81.01 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.29 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "86.3%", - "note": "percent of women aged 18-49 (2008)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "7.9% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "3.67 physicians/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "7.1 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 97% of population; total: 98% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 3% of population; total: 2% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "less than 0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "2,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "32.7% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "2% (2007)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "4.4% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "NA", - "total_population": "99%", - "male": "99%", - "female": "99% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "16 years", - "male": "16 years", - "female": "16 years (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "21.3%", - "male": "21.6%", - "female": "20.9% (2012)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Czech Republic", - "conventional_short_form": "Czech Republic", - "local_long_form": "Ceska republika", - "local_short_form": "Cesko" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary democracy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Prague", - "geographic_coordinates": "50 05 N, 14 28 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "13 regions (kraje, singular - kraj) and 1 capital city* (hlavni mesto); Jihocesky (South Bohemia), Jihomoravsky (South Moravia), Karlovarsky (Karlovy Vary), Kralovehradecky (Hradec Kralove), Liberecky (Liberec), Moravskoslezsky (Moravia-Silesia), Olomoucky (Olomouc), Pardubicky (Pardubice), Plzensky (Pilsen), Praha (Prague)*, Stredocesky (Central Bohemia), Ustecky (Usti), Vysocina (Highlands), Zlinsky (Zlin)" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia); note - although 1 January is the day the Czech Republic came into being, the Czechs commemorate 28 October 1918, the day the former Czechoslovakia declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, as their independence day" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Czechoslovak Founding Day, 28 October (1918)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "ratified 16 December 1992, effective 1 January 1993; amended several times" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "in 2014, a new civil code will replace the existing civil law system, which is based on former Austro-Hungarian civil codes and socialist theory and has been amended 40 times since the Communist regime fell in 1989" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Milos ZEMAN (since 8 March 2013)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Jiri RUSNOK (since 10 July 2013); Deputy Prime Ministers Jan FISCHER and Martin PECINA (both since 10 July 2013); note - Jiri RUSNOK appointed head of a caretaker government following the resignation of Petr NECAS", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister", - "elections": "constitutional amendment passed in 2012 introduced presidential election by popular vote instead of by Parliament; president elected for a five-year term (may not serve more than two consecutive terms); elections last held on 11-12 January 2013 with a runoff on 25-26 January 2013 (next to be held in January 2018); prime minister appointed by the president", - "election_results": "Milos ZEMAN elected president; percent of popular vote - Milos ZEMAN 54.8%, Karel SCHWARZENBERG 45.2%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Senate or Senat (81 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms; one-third elected every two years) and the Chamber of Deputies or Poslanecka Snemovna (200 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "Senate - last held in two rounds on 12-13 and 19-20 October 2012 (next to be held in October 2014); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 28-29 May 2010 (next to be held in 2014)", - "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CSSD 48, ODS 15, KDU-CSL 4, TOP 09 4, North Bohemians 2, KSCM 2, Green 1, Ostravak 1, Pirate 1, independent 3; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - CSSD 22.1%, ODS 20.2%, TOP 09 16.7%, KSCM 11.3%, VV 10.9%, other 18.8%; seats by party - CSSD 54, ODS 49, TOP 09 41, KSCM 26, VV 11, unaffiliated 19" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (organized into Civil Law and Commercial Division, and Criminal Division each with a court chief justice, vice justice, and several judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 15 justices); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 28 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges proposed by the Chamber of Deputies and appointed by the president; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate; judges appointed for 10-year, renewable terms; Supreme Administrative Court judges selected by the president of the Court; judge term NA", - "subordinate_courts": "High Court; superior, regional, and district courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Association of Independent Candidates-European Democrats or SNK-ED [Zdenka MARKOVA]; Christian Democratic Union-Czechoslovak People's Party or KDU-CSL [Pavel BELOBRADEK]; Civic Democratic Party or ODS [Petr NECAS]; Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia or KSCM [Vojtech FILIP]; Czech Pirate Party [Ivan BARTOS]; Czech Social Democratic Party or CSSD [Bohuslav SOBOTKA]; Green Party [Ondrej LISKA]; Liberal Democrats or LIDEM [Karolina PEAKE]; North Bohemians; Ostravak Movement; Public Affairs or VV [Radek JOHN]; Tradice Odpovednost Prosperita 09 or TOP 09 [Karel SCHWARZENBERG]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Czech-Moravian Confederation of Trade Unions or CMKOS [Jaroslav ZAVADIL]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Petr GANDALOVIC", - "chancery": "3900 Spring of Freedom Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 274-9100", - "fax": "[1] (202) 966-8540", - "consulates_general": "Chicago, Los Angeles, New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Norman EISEN", - "embassy": "Trziste 15, 118 01 Prague 1 - Mala Strana", - "mailing_address": "use embassy street address", - "telephone": "[420] 257 022 000", - "fax": "[420] 257 022 809" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side", - "note": "is identical to the flag of the former Czechoslovakia" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "double-tailed lion" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Kde domov muj?\" (Where is My Home?)", - "lyrics_music": "Josef Kajetan TYL/Frantisek Jan SKROUP", - "note": "adopted 1993; the anthem is a verse from the former Czechoslovak anthem originally written as part of the opera \"Fidlovacka\"" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "The Czech Republic is a stable and prosperous market economy closely integrated with the EU, especially since the country's EU accession in 2004. While the conservative, inward-looking Czech financial system has remained relatively healthy, the small, open, export-driven Czech economy remains sensitive to changes in the economic performance of its main export markets, especially Germany. When Western Europe and Germany fell into recession in late 2008, demand for Czech goods plunged, leading to double digit drops in industrial production and exports. As a result, real GDP fell 4.7% in 2009, with most of the decline occurring during the first quarter. Real GDP, however, slowly recovered with positive quarter-on-quarter growth starting in the second half of 2009 and continuing throughout 2011. In 2012, however, the economy fell into a recession due to a slump in external demand. The auto industry remains the largest single industry, and, together with its upstream suppliers, accounts for nearly 24% of Czech manufacturing. The Czech Republic produced more than a million cars for the first time in 2010, over 80% of which were exported. Foreign and domestic businesses alike voice concerns about corruption especially in public procurement. Other long term challenges include dealing with a rapidly aging population, funding an unsustainable pension and health care system, and diversifying away from manufacturing and toward a more high-tech, services-based, knowledge economy." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$291.7 billion (2012 est.); $295.4 billion (2011 est.); $289.9 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$196.1 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "-1.2% (2012 est.); 1.9% (2011 est.); 2.5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$27,600 (2012 est.); $28,100 (2011 est.); $27,600 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "21% of GDP (2012 est.); 21.5% of GDP (2011 est.); 20.8% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "49.6%", - "government_consumption": "20.8%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "23.6%", - "investment_in_inventories": "-0.1%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "78%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-72.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "2.3%", - "industry": "38%", - "services": "59.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit; pigs, poultry" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "motor vehicles, metallurgy, machinery and equipment, glass, armaments" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "5.404 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "3.1%", - "industry": "38.6%", - "services": "58.3% (2009)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "6.8% (2012 est.); 8.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "9% (2010 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1.5%", - "highest_10%": "NA% (2009)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "31 (2009); 25.4 (1996)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$80.87 billion", - "expenditures": "$89.39 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "41.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-4.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "45.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 41.1% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "3.3% (2012 est.); 1.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "0.75% (31 December 2011 est.); 0.75% (31 December 2010)", - "note": "this is the two-week repo, the main rate CNB uses" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "5.41% (31 December 2012 est.); 5.72% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$122.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $107.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$151.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $141.4 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$138.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $129.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$53.2 billion (31 December 2011); $73.1 billion (31 December 2010); $70.26 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$3.596 billion (2012 est.); -$6.348 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$131.7 billion (2012 est.); $136.3 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and transport equipment, raw materials and fuel, chemicals" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 31.8%, Slovakia 9.1%, Poland 6.1%, France 5.1%, UK 4.9%, Austria 4.7% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$124.2 billion (2012 est.); $131.2 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and transport equipment, raw materials and fuels, chemicals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 29.5%, Poland 7.7%, Slovakia 7.4%, China 6.3%, Netherlands 5.8%, Russia 5.3%, Austria 4.3% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$44.88 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $40.29 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$98.95 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $95.05 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$136.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $125.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$16.67 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $15.47 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "koruny (CZK) per US dollar -; 19.578 (2012 est.); 17.696 (2011 est.); 19.098 (2010 est.); 19.063 (2009); 17.064 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "80.44 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "58.88 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "21.59 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "6.642 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "18.32 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "60% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "20.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "5.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "7.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "9,162 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "420 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "143,700 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "15 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "167,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "199,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "25,060 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "65,560 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "185 million cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "8.944 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "167 million cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "9.319 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "3.964 billion cu m (1 January 2011 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "90.83 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "2.289 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "13 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "privatization and modernization of the Czech telecommunication system got a late start but is advancing steadily; virtually all exchanges now digital; existing copper subscriber systems enhanced with Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) equipment to accommodate Internet and other digital signals; trunk systems include fiber-optic cable and microwave radio relay", - "domestic": "access to the fixed-line telephone network expanded throughout the 1990s but the number of fixed line connections has been dropping since then; mobile telephone usage increased sharply beginning in the mid-1990s and the number of cellular telephone subscriptions now greatly exceeds the population", - "international": "country code - 420; satellite earth stations - 6 (2 Intersputnik - Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions, 1 Intelsat, 1 Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat, 1 Globalstar) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "roughly 130 TV broadcasters operating some 350 channels with 4 publicly operated and the remainder in private hands; 16 TV stations have national coverage with 4 being publicly operated; cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; 63 radio broadcasters are registered operating roughly 80 radio stations with 15 stations publicly operated; 10 radio stations provide national coverage with the remainder local or regional (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".cz" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "4.148 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "6.681 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "128 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "41", - "over_3_047_m": "2", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "9", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "12", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2", - "under_914_m": "16 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "87", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "25", - "under_914_m": "61 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 7,160 km; oil 536 km; refined products 94 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "9,469 km", - "standard_gauge": "9,449 km 1.435-m gauge (3,165 km electrified)", - "narrow_gauge": "20 km 0.750-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "130,671 km (includes urban roads)", - "paved": "130,671 km (includes 730 km of expressways) (2010)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "664 km (principally on Elbe, Vltava, Oder, and other navigable rivers, lakes, and canals) (2010)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "registered_in_other_countries": "1 (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "river_ports": "Prague (Vltava); Decin, Usti nad Labem (Elbe)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Army of the Czech Republic (Armada Ceske Republiky): Joint Forces Command (Spolocene Sily; includes Land Forces (Pozemni Sily) and Air Forces (Vzdusne Sily)) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-28 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,506,826", - "females_age_16_49": "2,407,634 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,072,267", - "females_age_16_49": "1,988,839 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "49,999", - "female": "47,501 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1% of GDP (2011 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "while threats of international legal action never materialized in 2007, 915,220 Austrians, with the support of the popular Freedom Party, signed a petition in January 2008, demanding that Austria block the Czech Republic's accession to the EU unless Prague closes its controversial Soviet-style nuclear plant in Temelin, bordering Austria" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "stateless_persons": "1,502 (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and minor transit point for Latin American cocaine to Western Europe; producer of synthetic drugs for local and regional markets; susceptible to money laundering related to drug trafficking, organized crime; significant consumer of ecstasy (2008)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/de-germany.json b/europe/de-germany.json deleted file mode 100644 index 5cc8e8ef..00000000 --- a/europe/de-germany.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,629 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "As Europe's largest economy and second most populous nation (after Russia), Germany is a key member of the continent's economic, political, and defense organizations. European power struggles immersed Germany in two devastating World Wars in the first half of the 20th century and left the country occupied by the victorious Allied powers of the US, UK, France, and the Soviet Union in 1945. With the advent of the Cold War, two German states were formed in 1949: the western Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the eastern German Democratic Republic (GDR). The democratic FRG embedded itself in key Western economic and security organizations, the EC, which became the EU, and NATO, while the communist GDR was on the front line of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact. The decline of the USSR and the end of the Cold War allowed for German unification in 1990. Since then, Germany has expended considerable funds to bring Eastern productivity and wages up to Western standards. In January 1999, Germany and 10 other EU countries introduced a common European exchange currency, the euro." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, south of Denmark" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "51 00 N, 9 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "357,022 sq km", - "land": "348,672 sq km", - "water": "8,350 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Montana" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "3,790 km", - "border_countries": "Austria 784 km, Belgium 167 km, Czech Republic 815 km, Denmark 68 km, France 451 km, Luxembourg 138 km, Netherlands 577 km, Poland 456 km, Switzerland 334 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "2,389 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers; occasional warm mountain (foehn) wind" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "lowlands in north, uplands in center, Bavarian Alps in south" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Neuendorf bei Wilster -3.54 m", - "highest_point": "Zugspitze 2,963 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "coal, lignite, natural gas, iron ore, copper, nickel, uranium, potash, salt, construction materials, timber, arable land" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "33.25%", - "permanent_crops": "0.56%", - "other": "66.19% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "5,157 sq km (2006)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "154 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "32.3 cu km/yr (16%/84%/0%)", - "per_capita": "391.4 cu m/yr (2007)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "flooding" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "emissions from coal-burning utilities and industries contribute to air pollution; acid rain, resulting from sulfur dioxide emissions, is damaging forests; pollution in the Baltic Sea from raw sewage and industrial effluents from rivers in eastern Germany; hazardous waste disposal; government established a mechanism for ending the use of nuclear power over the next 15 years; government working to meet EU commitment to identify nature preservation areas in line with the EU's Flora, Fauna, and Habitat directive" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location on North European Plain and along the entrance to the Baltic Sea" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "German(s)", - "adjective": "German" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "German 91.5%, Turkish 2.4%, other 6.1% (made up largely of Greek, Italian, Polish, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, Spanish)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "German" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Protestant 34%, Roman Catholic 34%, Muslim 3.7%, unaffiliated or other 28.3%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "81,147,265 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "13.1% (male 5,435,658/female 5,155,065)", - "15_24_years": "10.8% (male 4,457,412/female 4,267,366)", - "25_54_years": "42% (male 17,268,604/female 16,786,146)", - "55_64_years": "13.3% (male 5,354,690/female 5,469,884)", - "65_years_and_over": "20.9% (male 7,360,711/female 9,591,729) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "52 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "19.9 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "32.1 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "3.1 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "45.7 years", - "male": "44.7 years", - "female": "46.8 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.19% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "8.37 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "11.17 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "74% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "BERLIN (capital) 3.438 million; Hamburg 1.786 million; Munich 1.349 million; Cologne 1.001 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.76 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.97 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "28.9", - "note": "Data are based on events and not on fertility rates. Data refer to first birth within current marriage. (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "7 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "3.48 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "3.78 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "3.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "80.32 years", - "male": "78.04 years", - "female": "82.72 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.42 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "66.2%", - "note": "percent of women aged 18-49 (2005)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "11.6% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "3.53 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "8.2 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "67,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "25.1% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "1.1% (2006)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.1% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99%", - "male": "99%", - "female": "99% (2003 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "16 years", - "male": "16 years", - "female": "16 years (2006)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "8.5%", - "male": "9.1%", - "female": "7.8% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Federal Republic of Germany", - "conventional_short_form": "Germany", - "local_long_form": "Bundesrepublik Deutschland", - "local_short_form": "Deutschland", - "former": "German Empire, German Republic, German Reich" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "federal republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Berlin", - "geographic_coordinates": "52 31 N, 13 24 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "16 states (Laender, singular - Land); Baden-Wuerttemberg, Bayern (Bavaria), Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen (Hesse), Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania), Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony), Nordrhein-Westfalen (North Rhine-Westphalia), Rheinland-Pfalz (Rhineland-Palatinate), Saarland, Sachsen (Saxony), Sachsen-Anhalt (Saxony-Anhalt), Schleswig-Holstein, Thueringen (Thuringia); note - Bayern, Sachsen, and Thueringen refer to themselves as free states (Freistaaten, singular - Freistaat)" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "18 January 1871 (establishment of the German Empire); divided into four zones of occupation (UK, US, USSR, and France) in 1945 following World War II; Federal Republic of Germany (FRG or West Germany) proclaimed on 23 May 1949 and included the former UK, US, and French zones; German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany) proclaimed on 7 October 1949 and included the former USSR zone; West Germany and East Germany unified on 3 October 1990; all four powers formally relinquished rights on 15 March 1991; notable earlier dates: 10 August 843 (Eastern Francia established from the division of the Carolingian Empire); 2 February 962 (crowning of OTTO I, recognized as the first Holy Roman Emperor)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Unity Day, 3 October (1990)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "23 May 1949, known as Basic Law; became constitution of the united Germany 3 October 1990" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Joachim GAUCK (since 23 March 2012)", - "head_of_government": "Chancellor Angela MERKEL (since 22 November 2005)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellor", - "elections": "president elected for a five-year term (eligible for a second term) by a Federal Convention, including all members of the Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and an equal number of delegates elected by the state parliaments; election last held on 19 February 2012 (next to be held by June 2017); chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Parliament for a four-year term; Federal Parliament vote for Chancellor last held after 27 September 2009 (next to be held 22 September 2013)", - "election_results": "Joachim GAUCK elected president; received 991 votes of the Federal Convention against 126 for Beate KLARSFELD and 3 for Olaf ROSE; Angela MERKEL reelected chancellor; vote by Federal Parliament 323 to 285 with four abstentions" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral legislature consists of the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments sit in the Council; each has three to six votes in proportion to population and is required to vote as a block) and the Federal Parliament or Bundestag (622 seats; members elected by popular vote for a four-year term under a system of personalized proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain proportional representation and caucus recognition)", - "elections": "Bundestag - last held on 27 September 2009 (next to be held no later than autumn 2013); most all postwar German governments have been coalitions; note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat; composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election", - "election_results": "Bundestag - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 33.8%, SPD 23%, FDP 14.6%, Left 11.9%, Greens 10.7%, other 6%; seats by party - CDU/CSU 239, SPD 146, FDP 93, Left 76, Greens 68" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Federal Court of Justice (court consists of 127 judges including the court president, vice-presidents, presiding judges, and other judges, and organized into 25 Senates subdivided into 12 civil panels, 5 criminal panels, and 8 special panels; Federal Constitutional Court or Bundesverfassungsgericht (consists of 2 Senates each subdivided into 3 chambers, each with a chairman and 8 members)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Federal Court of Justice judges selected by the Judges Election Committee, which consists of the Secretaries of Justice from each of the 16 federated States and 16 members appointed by the Federal Parliament; judges appointed by the president of Germany; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 65; Federal Constitutional Court judges - one-half elected by the House of Representatives and one-half by the Senate; judges appointed for 12-year terms with mandatory retirement at age 68", - "subordinate_courts": "Federal Administrative Court; Federal Finance Court; Federal Labor Court; Federal Social Court; each of the 16 German states or Land has its own constitutional court and a hierarchy of ordinary (civil, criminal, family) and specialized (administrative, finance, labor, social) courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Alliance '90/Greens [Claudia ROTH and Cem OEZDEMIR]; Christian Democratic Union or CDU [Angela MERKEL]; Christian Social Union or CSU [Horst SEEHOFER]; Free Democratic Party or FDP [Philipp ROESLER]; Left Party or Die Linke [Katia KIPPING and Bernd RIEXINGER]; Social Democratic Party or SPD [Sigmar GABRIEL]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "business associations and employers' organizations; trade unions; religious, immigrant, expellee, and veterans groups" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CD, CDB, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-20, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Peter AMMON", - "chancery": "2300 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20037", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 298-4000", - "fax": "[1] (202) 298-4261", - "consulates_general": "Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Philip D. MURPHY", - "embassy": "Clayallee 170, 14191 Berlin", - "mailing_address": "Unit 5090, Box 1000, DPO AE09265", - "telephone": "[49] (30) 48305-0", - "fax": "[49] (30) 8305-1215", - "consulates_general": "Duesseldorf, Frankfurt am Main, Hamburg, Leipzig, Munich" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and gold; these colors have played an important role in German history and can be traced back to the medieval banner of the Holy Roman Emperor - a black eagle with red claws and beak on a gold field" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "golden eagle" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Das Lied der Deutschen\" (Song of the Germans)", - "lyrics_music": "August Heinrich HOFFMANN VON FALLERSLEBEN/Franz Joseph HAYDN", - "note": "adopted 1922; the anthem, also known as \"Deutschlandlied\" (Song of Germany), was originally adopted for its connection to the March 1848 liberal revolution; following appropriation by the Nazis of the first verse, specifically the phrase, \"Deutschland, Deutschland ueber alles\" (Germany, Germany above all) to promote nationalism, it was banned after 1945; in 1952, its third verse was adopted by West Germany as its national anthem; in 1990, it became the national anthem for the reunited Germany" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "The German economy - the fifth largest economy in the world in PPP terms and Europe's largest - is a leading exporter of machinery, vehicles, chemicals, and household equipment and benefits from a highly skilled labor force. Like its Western European neighbors, Germany faces significant demographic challenges to sustained long-term growth. Low fertility rates and declining net immigration are increasing pressure on the country's social welfare system and necessitate structural reforms. Reforms launched by the government of Chancellor Gerhard SCHROEDER (1998-2005), deemed necessary to address chronically high unemployment and low average growth, contributed to strong growth in 2006 and 2007 and falling unemployment. These advances, as well as a government subsidized, reduced working hour scheme, help explain the relatively modest increase in unemployment during the 2008-09 recession - the deepest since World War II - and its decrease to 6.5% in 2012. GDP contracted 5.1% in 2009 but grew by 4.2% in 2010, and 3.0% in 2011, before dipping to 0.7% in 2012 - a reflection of low investment spending due to crisis-induced uncertainty and the decreased demand for German exports from recession-stricken periphery countries. Stimulus and stabilization efforts initiated in 2008 and 2009 and tax cuts introduced in Chancellor Angela MERKEL's second term increased Germany's total budget deficit - including federal, state, and municipal - to 4.1% in 2010, but slower spending and higher tax revenues reduced the deficit to 0.8% in 2011. In 2012 Germany reached a budget surplus of 0.1%. A constitutional amendment approved in 2009 limits the federal government to structural deficits of no more than 0.35% of GDP per annum as of 2016 though the target was already reached in 2012. By 2014, the federal government wants to balance its budget. Following the March 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster, Chancellor Angela Merkel announced in May 2011 that eight of the country's 17 nuclear reactors would be shut down immediately and the remaining plants would close by 2022. Germany hopes to replace nuclear power with renewable energy. Before the shutdown of the eight reactors, Germany relied on nuclear power for 23% of its electricity generating capacity and 46% of its base-load electricity production." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$3.25 trillion (2012 est.); $3.222 trillion (2011 est.); $3.125 trillion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$3.401 trillion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.7% (2012 est.); 3.1% (2011 est.); 4% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$39,700 (2012 est.); $39,400 (2011 est.); $38,200 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "24.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 24.5% of GDP (2011 est.); 23.8% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "57.5%", - "government_consumption": "19.5%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "17.6%", - "investment_in_inventories": "-0.4%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "51.5%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-45.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "0.8%", - "industry": "28%", - "services": "71.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "potatoes, wheat, barley, sugar beets, fruit, cabbages; cattle, pigs, poultry" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "among the world's largest and most technologically advanced producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics, food and beverages, shipbuilding, textiles" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "43.93 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "1.6%", - "industry": "24.6%", - "services": "73.8% (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "5.5% (2012 est.); 7.1% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "15.5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.6%", - "highest_10%": "24% (2000)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "27 (2006); 30 (1994)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$1.535 trillion", - "expenditures": "$1.53 trillion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "45.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "0.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "81.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 80.4% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; the series are presented as a percentage of GDP and in millions of euro; GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product at current market prices; data expressed in national currency are converted into euro using end-of-year exchange rates provided by the European Central Bank" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.1% (2012 est.); 2.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "1.5% (31 December 2012); 1.75% (31 December 2010)", - "note": "this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "3.07% (31 December 2012 est.); 3.94% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$2.025 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.777 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)", - "note": "see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$4.281 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.197 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$4.277 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.188 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$1.184 trillion (31 December 2011); $1.43 trillion (31 December 2010); $1.298 trillion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$208.1 billion (2012 est.); $204.3 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$1.46 trillion (2012 est.); $1.516 trillion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "motor vehicles, machinery, chemicals, computer and electronic products, electrical equipment, pharmaceuticals, metals, transport equipment, foodstuffs, textiles, rubber and plastic products" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "France 10.2%, UK 7%, Netherlands 6.9%, US 6.3%, Austria 5.6%, Italy 5.4%, China 5.1%, Switzerland 4.7%, Belgium 4.3%, Poland 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$1.222 trillion (2012 est.); $1.295 trillion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery, data processing equipment, vehicles, chemicals, oil and gas, metals, electric equipment, pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs, agricultural products" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Netherlands 14%, France 7.5%, China 6.7%, Belgium 6.4%, Italy 5.5%, UK 4.9%, Austria 4.4%, Russia 4.4%, Czech Republic 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$248.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $238.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$5.719 trillion (31 December 2012); $5.338 trillion (31 December 2011)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$1.307 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.222 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$1.79 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.651 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -; 0.7778 (2012 est.); 0.7185 (2011 est.); 0.755 (2010 est.); 0.7198 (2009 est.); 0.6827 (2008 est.)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "558 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "549.1 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "57.92 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "42.96 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "153.2 million kW (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "55% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "23% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "3% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "13% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "165,300 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "2,200 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "1.961 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "276 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "2.348 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "2.4 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "467,900 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "696,400 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "11.9 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "78.99 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "19.74 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "87.57 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "175.6 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "793.7 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "51.8 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "108.7 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "Germany has one of the world's most technologically advanced telecommunications systems; as a result of intensive capital expenditures since reunification, the formerly backward system of the eastern part of the country, dating back to World War II, has been modernized and integrated with that of the western part", - "domestic": "Germany is served by an extensive system of automatic telephone exchanges connected by modern networks of fiber-optic cable, coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, and a domestic satellite system; cellular telephone service is widely available, expanding rapidly, and includes roaming service to many foreign countries", - "international": "country code - 49; Germany's international service is excellent worldwide, consisting of extensive land and undersea cable facilities as well as earth stations in the Inmarsat, Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik satellite systems (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "a mixture of publicly operated and privately owned TV and radio stations; national and regional public broadcasters compete with nearly 400 privately owned national and regional TV stations; more than 90% of households have cable or satellite TV; hundreds of radio stations including multiple national radio networks, regional radio networks, and a large number of local radio stations (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".de" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "20.043 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "65.125 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "539 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "318", - "over_3_047_m": "14", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "49", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "60", - "914_to_1_523_m": "70", - "under_914_m": "125 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "221", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "35", - "under_914_m": "185 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "23 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "condensate 37 km; gas 26,985 km; oil 2,826 km; refined products 4,479 km; water 8 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "41,981 km", - "standard_gauge": "41,722 km 1.435-m gauge (20,053 km electrified)", - "narrow_gauge": "220 km 1.000-m gauge (75 km electrified); 39 km 0.750-m gauge (24 km electrified) (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "645,000 km", - "paved": "645,000 km (includes 12,800 km of expressways)", - "note": "includes local roads (2010)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "7,467 km (Rhine River carries most goods; Main-Danube Canal links North Sea and Black Sea) (2012)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "427", - "by_type": "barge carrier 2, bulk carrier 6, cargo 51, carrier 1, chemical tanker 15, container 298, liquefied gas 6, passenger 4, passenger/cargo 24, petroleum tanker 10, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 6, vehicle carrier 1", - "foreign_owned": "6 (Finland 3, Netherlands 1, Switzerland 2)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "3,420 (Antigua and Barbuda 1094, Australia 2, Bahamas 30, Bermuda 14, Brazil 6, Bulgaria 12, Burma 1, Cayman Islands 3, Cook Islands 1, Curacao 25, Cyprus 192, Denmark 9, Dominica 5, Estonia 1, France 1, Gibraltar 123, Hong Kong 10, Isle of Man 56, Jamaica 10, Liberia 1185, Luxembourg 9, Malta 135, Marshall Islands 248, Morocco 1, Netherlands 86, NZ 2, Panama 24, Papua New Guinea 1, Philippines 2, Portugal 14, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 3, Singapore 32, Slovakia 3, Spain 4, Sri Lanka 8, Sweden 3, UK 59, US 5, Venezuela 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Baltic Sea - Rostock; North Sea - Wilhemshaven", - "river_ports": "Bremen (Weser); Bremerhaven (Geeste); Duisburg, Karlsruhe, Neuss-Dusseldorf (Rhine); Brunsbuttel, Hamburg (Elbe); Lubeck (Wakenitz)", - "oil_gas_terminals": "Brunsbuttel Canal terminals", - "container_ports": "Bremen/Bremerhaven (5,915,487), Hamburg (9,014,165)(2011)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Federal Armed Forces (Bundeswehr): Army (Heer), Navy (Deutsche Marine, includes naval air arm), Air Force (Luftwaffe), Joint Support Services (Streitkraeftbasis, SKB), Central Medical Service (Zentraler Sanitaetsdienst, ZSanDstBw) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "17-23 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; conscription ended 1 July 2011; service obligation 8-23 months or 12 years; women have been eligible for voluntary service in all military branches and positions since 2001 (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "18,529,299", - "females_age_16_49": "17,888,543 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "15,027,886", - "females_age_16_49": "14,510,527 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "405,438", - "female": "384,930 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.5% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "113,809 (Serbia); 90,773 (Turkey); 49,829 (Iraq); 40,204 (Russia); 31,746 (Afghanistan); 23,799 (Vietnam); 23,460 (Bosnia and Herzegovina); 21,629 (Iran); 20,059 (Ukraine); 18,165 (Syria); 11,819 (Lebanon); 11,672 (Sri Lanka); 6,575 (Azerbaijan); 6,175 (Macedonia); 5,206 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2012)", - "stateless_persons": "5,683 (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine processors; transshipment point for and consumer of Southwest Asian heroin, Latin American cocaine, and European-produced synthetic drugs; major financial center" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/dk-denmark.json b/europe/dk-denmark.json deleted file mode 100644 index 0793b12f..00000000 --- a/europe/dk-denmark.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,613 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Once the seat of Viking raiders and later a major north European power, Denmark has evolved into a modern, prosperous nation that is participating in the general political and economic integration of Europe. It joined NATO in 1949 and the EEC (now the EU) in 1973. However, the country has opted out of certain elements of the European Union's Maastricht Treaty, including the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), European defense cooperation, and issues concerning certain justice and home affairs." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, on a peninsula north of Germany (Jutland); also includes several major islands (Sjaelland, Fyn, and Bornholm)" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "56 00 N, 10 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "43,094 sq km", - "land": "42,434 sq km", - "water": "660 sq km", - "note": "includes the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea and the rest of metropolitan Denmark (the Jutland Peninsula, and the major islands of Sjaelland and Fyn), but excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly less than twice the size of Massachusetts" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "68 km", - "border_countries": "Germany 68 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "7,314 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "low and flat to gently rolling plains" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Lammefjord -7 m", - "highest_point": "Mollehoj/Ejer Bavnehoj 171 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone, chalk, stone, gravel and sand" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "57.99%", - "permanent_crops": "0.09%", - "other": "41.91% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "4,354 sq km (2007)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "6 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.66 cu km/yr (58%/5%/36%)", - "per_capita": "118.4 cu m/yr (2009)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "air pollution, principally from vehicle and power plant emissions; nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the North Sea; drinking and surface water becoming polluted from animal wastes and pesticides" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "controls Danish Straits (Skagerrak and Kattegat) linking Baltic and North Seas; about one-quarter of the population lives in greater Copenhagen" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Dane(s)", - "adjective": "Danish" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Scandinavian, Inuit, Faroese, German, Turkish, Iranian, Somali" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect), German (small minority)", - "note": "English is the predominant second language" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Evangelical Lutheran (official) 95%, other Christian (includes Protestant and Roman Catholic) 3%, Muslim 2%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "5,556,452 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "17.2% (male 489,845/female 465,189)", - "15_24_years": "13% (male 367,927/female 352,872)", - "25_54_years": "39.3% (male 1,091,525/female 1,094,584)", - "55_64_years": "12.5% (male 344,484/female 348,596)", - "65_years_and_over": "18% (male 446,476/female 554,954) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "55 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "27.2 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "27.7 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "3.6 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "41.4 years", - "male": "40.5 years", - "female": "42.3 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.23% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "10.2 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "10.21 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "2.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "86.9% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.5% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "COPENHAGEN (capital) 1.206 million (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.8 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.97 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "29.1 (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "12 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "4.14 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "4.21 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "4.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "78.94 years", - "male": "76.54 years", - "female": "81.47 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.73 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "11.4% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "3.42 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "3.5 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.2% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "5,300 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "18.2% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "8.7% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99%", - "male": "99%", - "female": "99% (2003 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "17 years", - "male": "16 years", - "female": "18 years (2010)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "14.2%", - "male": "15.7%", - "female": "12.7% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Kingdom of Denmark", - "conventional_short_form": "Denmark", - "local_long_form": "Kongeriget Danmark", - "local_short_form": "Danmark" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "constitutional monarchy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Copenhagen", - "geographic_coordinates": "55 40 N, 12 35 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October", - "note": "applies to continental Denmark only, not to its North Atlantic components" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "metropolitan Denmark - 5 regions (regioner, singular - region); Hovedstaden, Midtjylland, Nordjylland, Sjaelland, Syddanmark", - "note": "an extensive local government reform merged 271 municipalities into 98 and 13 counties into five regions, effective 1 January 2007" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "ca. 965 (unified and Christianized under HARALD I Gormson); 5 June 1849 (became a constitutional monarchy)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "none designated; Constitution Day, 5 June (1849) is generally viewed as the National Day" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "5 June 1953; note - constitution allowed for a unicameral legislature and a female chief of state" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law; judicial review of legislative acts" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "Queen MARGRETHE II (since 14 January 1972); Heir Apparent Crown Prince FREDERIK, elder son of the monarch (born on 26 May 1968)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Helle THORNING-SCHMIDT (since 3 October 2011)", - "cabinet": "Council of State appointed by the monarch", - "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral People's Assembly or Folketing (179 seats, including 2 from Greenland and 2 from the Faroe Islands; members elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms unless the Folketing is dissolved earlier)", - "elections": "last held on 15 September 2011 (next to be held by September 2015)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - V 26.7%, SDP 24.9%, DF 12.3%, SLP 9.5%, SF 9.2%, O 6.7%, LA 5%, C 4.9%, other 0.8%; seats by party - V 47, SDP 44, DF 22, SLP 17, SF 16, O 12, LA 9, C 8; note - does not include the two seats from Greenland and the two seats from the Faroe Islands" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 18 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges appointed by the monarch upon the recommendation of the Minister of Justice with the advice of the Judicial Appointments Council, a 6-member independent body of judges and lawyers; judges appointed for life with retirement at age 70", - "subordinate_courts": "Special Court of Indictment and Revision; 2 High Courts; Maritime and Commercial Court; county courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Conservative People's Party or C [Lars BARFOED]; Danish People's Party or DF [Kristian THULESEN DAHL]; Liberal Alliance or LA [Anders SAMUELSEN]; Liberal Party or V [Lars LOKKE RAMUSSEN]; Red-Green Alliance (Unity List) or O [collective leadership, spokesperson Johanne SCHMIDT-NIELSEN]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Helle THORNING-SCHMIDT]; Social Liberal Party or SLP [Margrethe VESTAGER]; Socialist People's Party or SF [Annette VILHELMSEN]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Confederation of Danish Employers or DA [President Jorn Neergaard LARSEN]; Confederation of Danish Industries [CEO Karsten DYBVAD]; Confederation of Danish Labor Unions (Landsorganisationen) or LO [President Harald BORSTING]; Danish Bankers Association [CEO Joergen HORWITZ]; DaneAge Association [President Bjarne HASTRUP]; Danish Society for Nature Conservation [President Ella Maria BISSCHOP-LARSEN]", - "other": "environmental groups; humanitarian relief; development assistance; human rights NGOs" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EITI (implementing country), ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Peter TAKSOE-JENSEN", - "chancery": "3200 Whitehaven Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 234-4300", - "fax": "[1] (202) 328-1470", - "consulates_general": "Chicago, New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Laurie S. FULTON", - "embassy": "Dag Hammarskjolds Alle 24, 2100 Copenhagen 0", - "mailing_address": "Unit 5280, DPO, AE 09716", - "telephone": "[45] 33 41 71 00", - "fax": "[45] 35 43 02 23" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "red with a white cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side; the banner is referred to as the Dannebrog (Danish flag) and is one of the oldest national flags in the world; traditions as to the origin of the flag design vary, but the best known is a legend that the banner fell from the sky during an early-13th century battle; caught up by the Danish king before it ever touched the earth, this heavenly talisman inspired the royal army to victory; in actuality, the flag may derive from a crusade banner or ensign", - "note": "the shifted design element was subsequently adopted by the other Nordic countries of Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "lion; mute swan" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Der er et yndigt land\" (There is a Lovely Land); \"Kong Christian\" (King Christian)", - "lyrics_music": "Adam Gottlob OEHLENSCHLAGER/Hans Ernst KROYER; Johannes EWALD/unknown", - "note": "Denmark has two national anthems with equal status; \"Der er et yndigt land,\" adopted 1844, is a national anthem, while \"Kong Christian,\" adopted 1780, serves as both a national and royal anthem; \"Kong Christian\" is also known as \"Kong Christian stod ved hojen mast\" (King Christian Stood by the Lofty Mast) and \"Kongesangen\" (The King's Anthem); within Denmark, the royal anthem is played only when royalty is present and is usually followed by the national anthem; when royalty is not present, only the national anthem is performed; outside Denmark, the royal anthem is played, unless the national anthem is requested" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "This thoroughly modern market economy features a high-tech agricultural sector, state-of-the-art industry with world-leading firms in pharmaceuticals, maritime shipping and renewable energy, and a high dependence on foreign trade. Denmark is a member of the European Union (EU); Danish legislation and regulations conform to EU standards on almost all issues. Danes enjoy a high standard of living and the Danish economy is characterized by extensive government welfare measures and an equitable distribution of income. Denmark is a net exporter of food and energy and enjoys a comfortable balance of payments surplus but depends on imports of raw materials for the manufacturing sector. Within the EU, Denmark is among the strongest supporters of trade liberalization. After a long consumption-driven upswing, Denmark's economy began slowing in 2007 with the end of a housing boom. Housing prices dropped markedly in 2008-09 and, following a short respite in 2010, has since continued to decline. The global financial crisis has exacerbated this cyclical slowdown through increased borrowing costs and lower export demand, consumer confidence, and investment. The global financial crisis cut Danish real GDP in 2008-09. Denmark made a modest recovery in 2010 with real GDP growth of 1.3%, in part because of increased government spending; however, the country experienced a technical recession in late 2010-early 2011. Historically low levels of unemployment rose sharply with the recession and have remained at about 6% in 2010-12, based on the national measure, about two-thirds average EU unemployment. An impending decline in the ratio of workers to retirees will be a major long-term issue. Denmark maintained a healthy budget surplus for many years up to 2008, but the budget balance swung into deficit in 2009. In spite of the deficits, the new coalition government delivered a modest stimulus to the economy in 2012. Nonetheless, Denmark's fiscal position remains among the strongest in the EU with public debt at about 45% of GDP in 2012. Despite previously meeting the criteria to join the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), so far Denmark has decided not to join, although the Danish krone remains pegged to the euro." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$213.6 billion (2012 est.); $214.8 billion (2011 est.); $212.5 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$313.6 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.6% (2012 est.); 1.1% (2011 est.); 1.6% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$38,300 (2012 est.); $38,600 (2011 est.); $38,400 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "23.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 23.3% of GDP (2011 est.); 22.6% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "49.5%", - "government_consumption": "28.6%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "17.8%", - "investment_in_inventories": "-0.2%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "54.5%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-50.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "1.3%", - "industry": "22.1%", - "services": "76.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "barley, wheat, potatoes, sugar beets; pork, dairy products; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "iron, steel, nonferrous metals, chemicals, food processing, machinery and transportation equipment, textiles and clothing, electronics, construction, furniture and other wood products, shipbuilding and refurbishment, windmills, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-1.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "2.785 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "2.6%", - "industry": "20.3%", - "services": "77.1% (2011 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "6% (2012 est.); 6.1% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "13.4% (2011)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1.9%", - "highest_10%": "28.7% (2007)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "24.8 (2011 est.); 24.7 (1992)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$175.5 billion", - "expenditures": "$188.1 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "55.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "46.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 46.4% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.4% (2012 est.); 2.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "0.75% (31 December 2011 est.); 0.75% (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "4.6% (31 December 2012 est.); 4.5% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$150.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $134.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$230.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $266.8 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$664.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $640.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$179.5 billion (31 December 2011); $231.7 billion (31 December 2010); $186.9 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$18.6 billion (2012 est.); $22.08 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$105.1 billion (2012 est.); $110.6 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and instruments, meat and meat products, dairy products, fish, pharmaceuticals, furniture, windmills" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 15.9%, Sweden 13.5%, UK 9.6%, US 6.6%, Norway 6.3%, Netherlands 4.6% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$96.99 billion (2012 est.); $100.3 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, raw materials and semimanufactures for industry, chemicals, grain and foodstuffs, consumer goods" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 20.8%, Sweden 13.3%, Netherlands 7.4%, China 6.3%, Norway 6.2%, UK 5.6% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$89.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $85.05 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$587.6 billion (31 December 2012); $571.4 billion (31 December 2011)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$144.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $140.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$241.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $229 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Danish kroner (DKK) per US dollar -; 5.7925 (2012 est.); 5.3687 (2011 est.); 5.6241 (2010 est.); 5.361 (2009); 5.0236 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "36.39 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "32.42 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "11.73 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "10.6 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "13.42 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "65.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "34.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "221,100 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "171,100 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "70,220 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "900 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "158,500 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "160,200 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "93,890 bbl/day (2010 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "177,700 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "7.069 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "4.179 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "3.126 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "369 million cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "51.99 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "45.96 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "2.515 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "7.159 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "excellent telephone and telegraph services", - "domestic": "buried and submarine cables and microwave radio relay form trunk network, multiple cellular mobile communications systems", - "international": "country code - 45; a series of fiber-optic submarine cables link Denmark with Canada, Faroe Islands, Germany, Iceland, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and UK; satellite earth stations - 18 (6 Intelsat, 10 Eutelsat, 1 Orion, 1 Inmarsat (Blaavand-Atlantic-East)); note - the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) share the Danish earth station and the Eik, Norway, station for worldwide Inmarsat access (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "strong public-sector TV presence with state-owned Danmarks Radio (DR) operating 4 channels and publicly owned TV2 operating roughly a half dozen channels; broadcasts of privately owned stations are available via satellite and cable feed; DR operates 4 nationwide FM radio stations, 15 digital audio broadcasting stations, and about 15 web-based radio stations; approximately 250 commercial and community radio stations (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".dk" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "4.297 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "4.75 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "80 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "28", - "over_3_047_m": "2", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "7", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "5", - "914_to_1_523_m": "12", - "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "52", - "914_to_1_523_m": "5", - "under_914_m": "47 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "condensate 11 km; gas 4,377 km; oil 647 km; oil/gas/water 2 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "2,667 km", - "standard_gauge": "2,667 km 1.435-m gauge (640 km electrified) (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "73,929 km", - "paved": "73,929 km (includes 1,143 km of expressways) (2012)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "400 km (2010)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "367", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 4, cargo 48, carrier 1, chemical tanker 125, container 94, liquefied gas 4, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 40, petroleum tanker 36, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 8, specialized tanker 3", - "foreign_owned": "27 (Germany 9, Greenland 1, Norway 2, Sweden 15)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "582 (Antigua and Barbuda 20, Bahamas 69, Belgium 4, Brazil 3, Curacao 1, Cyprus 6, Egypt 1, France 11, Gibraltar 7, Hong Kong 42, Isle of Man 30, Italy 4, Jamaica 1, Liberia 8, Lithuania 8, Luxembourg 1, Malaysia 1, Malta 34, Marshall Islands 7, Moldova 1, Netherlands 27, Norway 7, Panama 41, Philippines 2, Portugal 4, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 9, Singapore 149, Sweden 4, UK 43, Uruguay 1, US 31, Venezuela 1, unknown 4) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Baltic Sea - Aarhus, Copenhagen, Fredericia, Kalundborg; North Sea - Esbjerg,", - "river_ports": "Aalborg (Langerak)", - "dry_bulk_cargo_ports": "Ensted (coal)", - "cruise_ports": "Copenhagen" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Defense Command: Army Operational Command, Admiral Danish Fleet, Arctic Command, Tactical Air Command, Home Guard (2010)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscripts serve an initial training period that varies from 4 to 12 months according to specialization; reservists are assigned to mobilization units following completion of their conscript service; women eligible to volunteer for military service (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,236,337", - "females_age_16_49": "1,224,182 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,014,560", - "females_age_16_49": "1,003,921 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "37,913", - "female": "35,865 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.3% of GDP (2007 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Iceland, the UK, and Ireland dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm; Faroese continue to study proposals for full independence; sovereignty dispute with Canada over Hans Island in the Kennedy Channel between Ellesmere Island and Greenland; Denmark (Greenland) and Norway have made submissions to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) and Russia is collecting additional data to augment its 2001 CLCS submission" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "stateless_persons": "3,623 (2012)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/ee-estonia.json b/europe/ee-estonia.json deleted file mode 100644 index a49574ec..00000000 --- a/europe/ee-estonia.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,618 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "After centuries of Danish, Swedish, German, and Russian rule, Estonia attained independence in 1918. Forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1940 - an action never recognized by the US - it regained its freedom in 1991 with the collapse of the Soviet Union. Since the last Russian troops left in 1994, Estonia has been free to promote economic and political ties with the West. It joined both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004, formally joined the OECD in late 2010, and adopted the euro as its official currency on 1 January 2011." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland, between Latvia and Russia" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "59 00 N, 26 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "45,228 sq km", - "land": "42,388 sq km", - "water": "2,840 sq km", - "note": "includes 1,520 islands in the Baltic Sea" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than New Hampshire and Vermont combined" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "633 km", - "border_countries": "Latvia 343 km, Russia 290 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "3,794 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "limits fixed in coordination with neighboring states" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "maritime; wet, moderate winters, cool summers" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "marshy, lowlands; flat in the north, hilly in the south" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Baltic Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Suur Munamagi 318 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "oil shale, peat, rare earth elements, phosphorite, clay, limestone, sand, dolomite, arable land, sea mud" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "13.97%", - "permanent_crops": "0.13%", - "other": "85.89% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "4.58 sq km (2010)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "12.81 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "1.8 cu km/yr (3%/97%/0%)", - "per_capita": "1,337 cu m/yr (2009)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "sometimes flooding occurs in the spring" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "air polluted with sulfur dioxide from oil-shale burning power plants in northeast; however, the amount of pollutants emitted to the air have fallen steadily, the emissions of 2000 were 80% less than in 1980; the amount of unpurified wastewater discharged to water bodies in 2000 was 1/20 the level of 1980; in connection with the start-up of new water purification plants, the pollution load of wastewater decreased; Estonia has more than 1,400 natural and manmade lakes, the smaller of which in agricultural areas need to be monitored; coastal seawater is polluted in certain locations" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "the mainland terrain is flat, boggy, and partly wooded; offshore lie more than 1,500 islands" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Estonian(s)", - "adjective": "Estonian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Estonian 68.7%, Russian 25.6%, Ukrainian 2.1%, Belarusian 1.2%, Finn 0.8%, other 1.6% (2008 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Estonian (official) 67.3%, Russian 29.7%, other 2.3%, unknown 0.7% (2000 census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Evangelical Lutheran 13.6%, Orthodox 12.8%, other Christian (including Methodist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal) 1.4%, unaffiliated 34.1%, other and unspecified 32%, none 6.1% (2000 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "1,266,375 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "15.4% (male 100,605/female 94,831)", - "15_24_years": "11.9% (male 77,302/female 73,446)", - "25_54_years": "41.3% (male 250,997/female 272,460)", - "55_64_years": "13.1% (male 71,442/female 94,278)", - "65_years_and_over": "18.2% (male 76,356/female 154,658) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "51.2 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "23.9 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "27.3 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "3.7 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "41 years", - "male": "37.4 years", - "female": "44.3 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.66% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "10.38 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "13.65 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-3.35 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "69.5% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.02% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "TALLINN (capital) 399,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.92 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.76 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.49 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.84 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "26.3 (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "2 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "6.82 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "7.94 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "5.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "73.82 years", - "male": "68.58 years", - "female": "79.4 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.45 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "63.4%", - "note": "percent of women aged 18-49 (2005)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "6% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "3.41 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "5.4 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 97% of population; total: 98% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 3% of population; total: 2% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 96% of population; rural: 94% of population; total: 95% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 4% of population; rural: 6% of population; total: 5% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "1.2% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "9,900 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 500 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "intermediate", - "vectorborne_disease": "tickborne encephalitis (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "20.6% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "6.1% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99.8%", - "male": "99.8%", - "female": "99.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "16 years", - "male": "15 years", - "female": "17 years (2010)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "22.4%", - "male": "23.8%", - "female": "20.7% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Estonia", - "conventional_short_form": "Estonia", - "local_long_form": "Eesti Vabariik", - "local_short_form": "Eesti", - "former": "Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Tallinn", - "geographic_coordinates": "59 26 N, 24 43 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "15 counties (maakonnad, singular - maakond); Harjumaa (Tallinn), Hiiumaa (Kardla), Ida-Virumaa (Johvi), Jarvamaa (Paide), Jogevamaa (Jogeva), Laanemaa (Haapsalu), Laane-Virumaa (Rakvere), Parnumaa (Parnu), Polvamaa (Polva), Raplamaa (Rapla), Saaremaa (Kuressaare), Tartumaa (Tartu), Valgamaa (Valga), Viljandimaa (Viljandi), Vorumaa (Voru)", - "note": "counties have the administrative center name following in parentheses" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "20 August 1991 (declared); 6 September 1991 (recognized by the Soviet Union)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 24 February (1918); note - 24 February 1918 was the date Estonia declared its independence from Soviet Russia and established its statehood; 20 August 1991 was the date it declared its independence from the Soviet Union" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "adopted 28 June 1992" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal for all Estonian citizens" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Toomas Hendrik ILVES (since 9 October 2006)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Andrus ANSIP (since 12 April 2005)", - "cabinet": "Ministers appointed by the prime minister, approved by Parliament", - "elections": "president elected by Parliament for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); if a candidate does not secure two-thirds of the votes after three rounds of balloting in the Parliament, then an electoral assembly (made up of Parliament plus members of local councils) elects the president, choosing between the two candidates with the largest number of votes; election last held on 29 August 2011 (next to be held in the fall of 2016); prime minister nominated by the president and approved by Parliament", - "election_results": "Toomas Hendrik ILVES reelected president; parliamentary vote - Toomas Hendrik ILVES 73, Indrek TARAND 25" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament or Riigikogu (101 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 6 March 2011 (next to be held in March 2015)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - Estonian Reform Party 28.6%, Center Party of Estonia 23.3%, IRL 20.5%, SDE 17.1%, Estonian Greens 3.8%, Estonian People's Union 2.1%, other 4.6%; seats by party - Estonian Reform Party 33, Center Party 21, IRL 23, SDE 19, unaffiliated 5" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and organized into the Civil Chamber with a chamber chairman and 6 justices, the Criminal Chamber with a chamber chairman and 5 justices, the Administrative Law Chamber with a chamber chairman and 4 justices, and the Constitutional Review Chamber with 9 members - the chief justice and 2 justices from the Civil Chamber, 3 from the Criminal Chamber and 3 from the Administrative chamber)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "the chief justice is proposed by the president and appointed by the Riigikogu; other justices proposed by the chief justice and appointed by the Riigikogu; justices appointed for life", - "subordinate_courts": "circuit (appellate) courts; administrative, county, city, and specialized courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Center Party of Estonia (Keskerakond) [Edgar SAVISAAR]; Estonian Greens (Rohelised) [Aleksander LAANE]; Estonian Conservative People's Party (Konservatiivne Rahvaerakond) or EKRE [Margo MILJAND]; Estonian Reform Party (Reformierakond) [Andrus ANSIP]; Social Democratic Party or SDE [Sven MIKSER]; Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica (Isamaa je Res Publica Liit) or IRL [Urmas REINSALU]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "Australia Group, BA, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Marina KALJURAND", - "chancery": "2131 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 588-0101", - "fax": "[1] (202) 588-0108", - "consulates_general": "New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Jeffrey LEVINE", - "embassy": "Kentmanni 20, 15099 Tallinn", - "mailing_address": "use embassy street address", - "telephone": "[372] 668-8100", - "fax": "[372] 668-8134" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), black, and white; various interpretations are linked to the flag colors; blue represents faith, loyalty, and devotion, while also reminiscent of the sky, sea, and lakes of the country; black symbolizes the soil of the country and the dark past and suffering endured by the Estonian people; white refers to the striving towards enlightenment and virtue, and is the color of birch bark and snow, as well as summer nights illuminated by the midnight sun" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "barn swallow, cornflower" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Mu isamaa, mu onn ja room\" (My Native Land, My Pride and Joy)", - "lyrics_music": "Johann Voldemar JANNSEN/Fredrik PACIUS", - "note": "adopted 1920, though banned between 1940 and 1990 under Soviet occupation; the anthem, used in Estonia since 1869, shares the same melody with that of Finland but has different lyrics" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Estonia, a member of the European Union and the eurozone since 2004, has a modern market-based economy and one of the higher per capita income levels in Central Europe and the Baltic region. Estonia's successive governments have pursued a free market, pro-business economic agenda and have wavered little in their commitment to pro-market reforms. The current government has followed sound fiscal policies that have resulted in balanced budgets and low public debt. The economy benefits from strong electronics and telecommunications sectors and strong trade ties with Finland, Sweden, Russia, and Germany. Tallinn's priority has been to sustain high growth rates - on average 8% per year from 2003 to 2007. Estonia's economy fell into recession in mid-2008 with GDP contracting 14.3% in 2009, as a result of an investment and consumption slump following the bursting of the real estate market bubble and a decrease in export demand as result of economic slowdown in the rest of Europe. Estonia rebounded nearly 8% in 2011 and the Estonian economy now has one of the higher GDP growth rates in Europe. Estonia adopted the euro on 1 January 2011." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$29.57 billion (2012 est.); $28.64 billion (2011 est.); $26.45 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$21.86 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.2% (2012 est.); 8.3% (2011 est.); 3.3% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$22,100 (2012 est.); $21,400 (2011 est.); $19,700 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "24.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 26.9% of GDP (2011 est.); 23.1% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "50.1%", - "government_consumption": "18.8%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "24.5%", - "investment_in_inventories": "5.8%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "89.1%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-88.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "3.9%", - "industry": "29.7%", - "services": "66.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "grain, potatoes, vegetables; livestock and dairy products; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "engineering, electronics, wood and wood products, textiles; information technology, telecommunications" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "695,000 (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "4.2%", - "industry": "20.2%", - "services": "75.6% (2010)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "10.2% (2012 est.); 12.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "17.5% (2010)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.7%", - "highest_10%": "27.7% (2004)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "31.3 (2010); 37 (1999)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$8.144 billion", - "expenditures": "$8.201 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "37.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-0.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "5.7% of GDP (2012 est.); 5.9% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities, including sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government, and social security funds" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "3.9% (2012 est.); 5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "8% (31 December 2012 est.); 6.12% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$8.104 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.744 billion (31 December 2011 est.)", - "note": "this figure represents the US dollar value of Estonian kroon in circulation prior to Estonia's joining the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the EMU; individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$12.11 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $11.73 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$19.04 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $19.14 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$1.611 billion (31 December 2011); $2.26 billion (31 December 2010); $2.654 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$498 million (2012 est.); $477 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$16.16 billion (2012 est.); $16.78 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and electrical equipment 21%, wood and wood products 9%, metals 9%, furniture 7%, vehicles and parts 5%, food products and beverages 4%, textiles 4%, plastics 3%" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Sweden 16.8%, Finland 15.3%, Russia 12.7%, Latvia 9.2%, Lithuania 5.7%, Germany 4.8% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$17.05 billion (2012 est.); $17.09 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and electrical equipment, mineral fuels, chemical products, foodstuffs, plastics, textiles" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Finland 15.1%, Germany 10.7%, Sweden 10.7%, Latvia 10%, Lithuania 9%, Poland 6.6%, China 4.4%, Russia 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$246.4 million (31 December 2012 est.); $207.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$25.55 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $25.01 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$17.45 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $16.65 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$6.609 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $7.359 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "kroon (EEK) per US dollar -; 0.778 (2012 est.); 0.72 (2011 est.); 11.81 (2010 est.); 11.23 (2009); 10.7 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "12.89 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "7.755 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "4.354 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "1.1 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "2.661 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "94.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "5.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "7,700 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "26,340 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "23,270 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "701 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "701 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "20.56 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "471,900 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "1.863 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "foreign investment in the form of joint business ventures greatly improved telephone service with a wide range of high quality voice, data, and Internet services available", - "domestic": "substantial fiber-optic cable systems carry telephone, TV, and radio traffic in the digital mode; Internet services are widely available; schools and libraries are connected to the Internet, a large percentage of the population files income-tax returns online, and online voting was used for the first time in the 2005 local elections", - "international": "country code - 372; fiber-optic cables to Finland, Sweden, Latvia, and Russia provide worldwide packet-switched service; 2 international switches are located in Tallinn (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "the publicly owned broadcaster, Eesti Rahvusringhaaling (ERR), operates 2 TV channels and 5 radio networks; growing number of private commercial radio stations broadcasting nationally, regionally, and locally; fully transitioned to digital television in 2010; national private TV channels expanding service; a range of channels are aimed at Russian-speaking viewers; high penetration rate for cable TV services with more than half of Estonian households connected (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ee" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "865,494 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "971,700 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "18 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "13", - "over_3_047_m": "2", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "8", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "5", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1", - "under_914_m": "3 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2012)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 868 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "1,196 km", - "broad_gauge": "1,196 km 1.520-m and 1.524-m gauge (133 km electrified) (2011)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "58,412 km (includes urban roads)", - "paved": "10,427 km (includes 115 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "47,985 km (2011)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "335 km (320 km are navigable year round) (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "25", - "by_type": "cargo 4, chemical tanker 1, passenger/cargo 18, petroleum tanker 2", - "foreign_owned": "3 (Germany 1, Norway 2)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "63 (Antigua and Barbuda 10, Belize 1, Cambodia 1, Canada 1, Cook Islands 1, Cyprus 6, Dominica 6, Finland 2, Latvia 3, Malta 16, Russia 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 8, Sierra Leone 2, Sweden 3, Venezuela 1, unknown 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Kuivastu, Kunda, Muuga, Parnu Reid, Sillamae, Tallinn" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Estonian Defense Forces (Eesti Kaitsevagi): Land Force (Maavagi), Navy (Merevagi), Air Force (Ohuvagi), Defense League (Kaitseliit) (2012)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-27 for compulsory military or governmental service, conscript service requirement 8-11 months depending on education; NCOs, reserve officers, and specialists serve 11 months (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "291,801", - "females_age_16_49": "302,696 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "210,854", - "females_age_16_49": "251,185 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "6,668", - "female": "6,309 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "2% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Russia and Estonia in May 2005 signed a technical border agreement, but Russia in June 2005 recalled its signature after the Estonian parliament added to its domestic ratification act a historical preamble referencing the Soviet occupation and Estonia's pre-war borders under the 1920 Treaty of Tartu; Russia contends that the preamble allows Estonia to make territorial claims on Russia in the future, while Estonian officials deny that the preamble has any legal impact on the treaty text; Russia demands better treatment of the Russian-speaking population in Estonia; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Estonia implements strict Schengen border rules with Russia" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "stateless_persons": "94,235 (2012); note - after becoming independent in 1991, automatic citizenship was restricted to those who were Estonian citizens prior to the 1990 Soviet occupation and their descendants; thousands of ethnic Russians remained stateless when forced to choose between passing Estonian language and citizenship tests or applying for Russian citizenship; one reason for demurring on Estonian citizenship was to retain the right of visa-free travel to Russia; stateless residents can vote in local elections but not general elections; stateless parents who have been lawful residents of Estonia for at least five years can apply for citizenship for their children before they turn 15" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "growing producer of synthetic drugs; increasingly important transshipment zone for cannabis, cocaine, opiates, and synthetic drugs since joining the European Union and the Schengen Accord; potential money laundering related to organized crime and drug trafficking is a concern, as is possible use of the gambling sector to launder funds; major use of opiates and ecstasy" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/es-spain.json b/europe/es-spain.json deleted file mode 100644 index f6c0888e..00000000 --- a/europe/es-spain.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,626 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Spain's powerful world empire of the 16th and 17th centuries ultimately yielded command of the seas to England. Subsequent failure to embrace the mercantile and industrial revolutions caused the country to fall behind Britain, France, and Germany in economic and political power. Spain remained neutral in World Wars I and II but suffered through a devastating civil war (1936-39). A peaceful transition to democracy following the death of dictator Francisco FRANCO in 1975, and rapid economic modernization (Spain joined the EU in 1986) gave Spain a dynamic and rapidly growing economy and made it a global champion of freedom and human rights. More recently the government has had to focus on measures to reverse a severe economic recession that began in mid-2008. Austerity measures implemented to reduce a large budget deficit and reassure foreign investors have led to one of the highest unemployment rates in Europe." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southwestern Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, Bay of Biscay, and Pyrenees Mountains; southwest of France" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "40 00 N, 4 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "505,370 sq km", - "land": "498,980 sq km", - "water": "6,390 sq km", - "note": "there are two autonomous cities - Ceuta and Melilla - and 17 autonomous communities including Balearic Islands and Canary Islands, and three small Spanish possessions off the coast of Morocco - Islas Chafarinas, Penon de Alhucemas, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly more than twice the size of Oregon" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,917.8 km", - "border_countries": "Andorra 63.7 km, France 623 km, Gibraltar 1.2 km, Portugal 1,214 km, Morocco (Ceuta) 6.3 km, Morocco (Melilla) 9.6 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "4,964 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm (applies only to the Atlantic Ocean)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "temperate; clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and cloudy along coast; cloudy, cold winters in interior, partly cloudy and cool along coast" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "large, flat to dissected plateau surrounded by rugged hills; Pyrenees Mountains in north" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Pico de Teide (Tenerife) on Canary Islands 3,718 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "coal, lignite, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, uranium, tungsten, mercury, pyrites, magnesite, fluorspar, gypsum, sepiolite, kaolin, potash, hydropower, arable land" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "24.75%", - "permanent_crops": "9.29%", - "other": "65.96% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "34,700 sq km (2011)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "111.5 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "32.46 cu km/yr (18%/22%/61%)", - "per_capita": "698.7 cu m/yr (2008)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "periodic droughts, occasional flooding", - "volcanism": "volcanic activity in the Canary Islands, located off Africa's northwest coast; Teide (elev. 3,715 m) has been deemed a \"Decade Volcano\" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; La Palma (elev. 2,426 m), which last erupted in 1971, is the most active of the Canary Islands volcanoes; Lanzarote is the only other historically active volcano" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "pollution of the Mediterranean Sea from raw sewage and effluents from the offshore production of oil and gas; water quality and quantity nationwide; air pollution; deforestation; desertification" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location along approaches to Strait of Gibraltar; Spain controls a number of territories in northern Morocco including the enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla, and the islands of Penon de Velez de la Gomera, Penon de Alhucemas, and Islas Chafarinas" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Spaniard(s)", - "adjective": "Spanish" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "composite of Mediterranean and Nordic types" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Castilian Spanish (official) 74%, Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, and Basque 2%", - "note": "Catalan is official in Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and the Valencian Community (where it is known as Valencian); in the northwest corner of Catalonia (Vall d'Aran), Aranese is official along with Catalan; Galician is official in Galicia; Basque is official in the Basque Country" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 94%, other 6%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "47,370,542 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "15.4% (male 3,747,028/female 3,531,247)", - "15_24_years": "9.7% (male 2,377,992/female 2,215,742)", - "25_54_years": "46.2% (male 11,141,726/female 10,749,877)", - "55_64_years": "11.3% (male 2,600,682/female 2,738,559)", - "65_years_and_over": "17.5% (male 3,514,051/female 4,753,638) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "49.5 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "23 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "26.6 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "3.8 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "41.3 years", - "male": "40 years", - "female": "42.6 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.73% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "10.14 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "8.94 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "6.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "77% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "MADRID (capital) 5.762 million; Barcelona 5.029 million; Valencia 812,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.08 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.95 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.74 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.97 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "29.3 (2006 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "6 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "3.35 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "3.68 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "2.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "81.37 years", - "male": "78.37 years", - "female": "84.57 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.48 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "65.7% (2006)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "9.5% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "3.71 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "3.2 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.4% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "130,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "1,600 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "26.6% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "97.7%", - "male": "98.5%", - "female": "97% (2010 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "17 years", - "male": "17 years", - "female": "18 years (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "46.4%", - "male": "48.2%", - "female": "44.4% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Kingdom of Spain", - "conventional_short_form": "Spain", - "local_long_form": "Reino de Espana", - "local_short_form": "Espana" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary monarchy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Madrid", - "geographic_coordinates": "40 24 N, 3 41 W", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October", - "note": "Spain is divided into two time zones including the Canary Islands" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "17 autonomous communities (comunidades autonomas, singular - comunidad autonoma) and 2 autonomous cities* (ciudades autonomas, singular - ciudad autonoma); Andalucia, Aragon, Asturias, Baleares (Balearic Islands), Ceuta*, Canarias (Canary Islands), Cantabria, Castilla-La Mancha, Castilla y Leon, Cataluna (Catalonia), Comunidad Valenciana (Valencian Community), Extremadura, Galicia, La Rioja, Madrid, Melilla*, Murcia, Navarra, Pais Vasco (Basque Country)", - "note": "the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla plus three small islands of Islas Chafarinas, Penon de Alhucemas, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera, administered directly by the Spanish central government, are all along the coast of Morocco and are collectively referred to as Places of Sovereignty (Plazas de Soberania)" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "1492; the Iberian peninsula was characterized by a variety of independent kingdoms prior to the Muslim occupation that began in the early 8th century A.D. and lasted nearly seven centuries; the small Christian redoubts of the north began the reconquest almost immediately, culminating in the seizure of Granada in 1492; this event completed the unification of several kingdoms and is traditionally considered the forging of present-day Spain" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "National Day, 12 October (1492); year when Columbus first set foot in the Americas" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "approved by legislature 31 October 1978; passed by referendum 6 December 1978; signed by the king 27 December 1978" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system with regional variations" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "King JUAN CARLOS I (since 22 November 1975); Heir Apparent Prince FELIPE, son of the monarch, born 30 January 1968", - "head_of_government": "President of the Government (Prime Minister equivalent) Mariano RAJOY (since 20 December 2011); Vice President (and Minister of the President's Office) Soraya Saenz de SANTAMARIA (since 22 December 2011)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers designated by the president", - "note": "there is also a Council of State that is the supreme consultative organ of the government, but its recommendations are non-binding", - "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually proposed president by the monarch and elected by the National Assembly; election last held on 20 November 2011 (next to be held in November 2015); vice president and Council of Ministers are appointed by the president", - "election_results": "Mariano RAJOY elected President of the Government; percent of vote - 44.62%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral; General Courts or Las Cortes Generales (National Assembly) consists of the Senate or Senado (257 seats as of 2013; 208 members directly elected by popular vote and the other 49 - as of 2013 - appointed by the regional legislatures; members to serve four-year terms) and the Congress of Deputies or Congreso de los Diputados (350 seats; each of the 50 electoral provinces fills a minimum of two seats and the North African enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla fill one seat each with members serving a four-year term; the other 248 members are determined by proportional representation based on popular vote on block lists who serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "Senate - last held on 20 November 2011 (next to be held by November 2015); Congress of Deputies - last held on 20 November 2011 (next to be held by November 2015)", - "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PP 136, PSOE 48, CiU 9, Entesa (PSC-PSOE) 7, EAJ/PNV 4, other 4, members appointed by regional legislatures 49; Congress of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PP 44.6%, PSOE 28.8%, CiU 4.2%, IU 6.9%, Amaiur 1.4%, UPyD 4.7%, EAJ/PNV 1.3%, other 8.1%; seats by party - PP 186, PSOE 110, CiU 16, IU 11, Amaiur 7, UPyD 5, EAJ/PNV 5, other 10" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo (consists of the court president and organized into the Civil Room with a president and 9 magistrates, the Penal Room with a president and 14 magistrates, the Administrative Room with a president and 32 magistrates, the Social Room with a president and 12 magistrates, and the Military Room with a president and 7 magistrates); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional de Espana (consists of 12 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the monarch from candidates proposed by the General Council of the Judicial Power, a 20-member body chaired by the monarch and includes presidential appointees, and lawyers and jurists elected by the National Assembly; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the monarch for 9-year terms", - "subordinate_courts": "National Court; High Courts of Justice (in each of the autonomous communities); provincial courts; courts of first instance" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Amaiur [collective leadership] (a coalition of parties advocating the peaceful Basque independence from Spain); Basque Nationalist Party or PNV or EAJ [Inigo URKULLU Renteria]; Canarian Coalition or CC [Claudina MORALES Rodriquez] (a coalition of five parties); Convergence and Union or CiU [Artur MAS i Gavarro] (a coalition of the Democratic Convergence of Catalonia or CDC [Artur MAS i Gavarro] and the Democratic Union of Catalonia or UDC [Josep Antoni DURAN i LLEIDA]); Entesa Catalonia de Progress (a Senate coalition grouping four Catalan parties - PSC, ERC, ICV, EUA); Galician Nationalist Bloc or BNG [Guillerme VAZQUEZ Vazquez]; Initiative for Catalonia Greens or ICV [Joan HERRERA i Torres]; Yes to the Future or Geroa Bai [collective leadership] (a coalition of four Navarran parties); Popular Party or PP [Mariano RAJOY Brey]; Republican Left of Catalonia or ERC [Oriol JUNQUERAS i Vies]; Spanish Socialist Workers Party or PSOE [Alfredo PEREZ Rubalcaba]; Union of People of Navarra or UPN [Yolanda BARCINA Angulo]; Union, Progress and Democracy or UPyD [Rosa DIEZ Gonzalez]; United Left or IU [Cayo LARA Moya] (a coalition of parties including the Communist Party of Spain or PCE and other small parties)" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Association for Victims of Terrorism or AVT (grassroots organization devoted primarily to supporting victims of the Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) terrorist organization); 15-M or 15 May protest movement, which is also known as the Indignados, Spanish for the \"indignant ones\" (a loose association of grassroots organizations that advocate for greater accountability and transparency in Spanish politics, increased social justice and job creation); Socialist General Union of Workers or UGT and the smaller independent Workers Syndical Union or USO; Trade Union Confederation of Workers' Commissions or CC.OO.; the smaller independent Workers Syndical Union or USO; ", - "other": "business and landowning interests; Catholic Church; free labor unions (authorized in April 1977); university students" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BCIE, BIS, CAN (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Ramon Gil-Casares SATRUSTEGUI", - "chancery": "2375 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 452-0100, 728-2340", - "fax": "[1] (202) 833-5670", - "consulates_general": "Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Alan D. SOLOMONT", - "embassy": "Serrano 75, 28006 Madrid", - "mailing_address": "PSC 61, APO AE 09642", - "telephone": "[34] (91) 587-2200", - "fax": "[34] (91) 587-2303", - "consulates_general": "Barcelona" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three horizontal bands of red (top), yellow (double width), and red with the national coat of arms on the hoist side of the yellow band; the coat of arms is quartered to display the emblems of the traditional kingdoms of Spain (clockwise from upper left, Castile, Leon, Navarre, and Aragon) while Granada is represented by the stylized pomegranate at the bottom of the shield; the arms are framed by two columns representing the Pillars of Hercules, which are the two promontories (Gibraltar and Ceuta) on either side of the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar; the red scroll across the two columns bears the imperial motto of \"Plus Ultra\" (further beyond) referring to Spanish lands beyond Europe; the triband arrangement with the center stripe twice the width of the outer dates to the 18th century", - "note": "the red and yellow colors are related to those of the oldest Spanish kingdoms: Aragon, Castile, Leon, and Navarre" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Pillars of Hercules" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Himno Nacional Espanol\" (National Anthem of Spain)", - "lyrics_music": "none/unknown", - "note": "officially in use between 1770 and 1931, restored in 1939; the Spanish anthem has no lyrics; in the years prior to 1931 it became known as \"Marcha Real\" (The Royal March); it first appeared in a 1761 military bugle call book and was replaced by \"Himno de Riego\" in the years between 1931 and 1939; the long version of the anthem is used for the king, while the short version is used for the prince, prime minister, and occasions such as sporting events" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "After almost 15 years of above average GDP growth, the Spanish economy began to slow in late 2007 and entered into a recession in the second quarter of 2008. GDP contracted by 3.7% in 2009, ending a 16-year growth trend, and by another 0.3% in 2010; GDP expanded 0.4% in 2011, before contracting 1.4% in 2012. The economy has once again fallen into recession as deleveraging in the private sector, fiscal consolidation, and continued high unemployment weigh on domestic demand and investment, even as exports have shown signs of resiliency. The unemployment rate rose from a low of about 8% in 2007 to 26.0% in 2012. The economic downturn has also hurt Spain's public finances. The government budget deficit peaked at 11.2% of GDP in 2010 and the process to reduce this imbalance has been slow despite the central government's efforts to raise new tax revenue and cut spending. Spain reduced its budget deficit to 9.4% of GDP in 2011, and roughly 7.4% of GDP in 2012, above the 6.3% target negotiated between Spain and the EU. Although Spain''s large budget deficit and poor economic growth prospects remain a source of concern for foreign investors, the government''s ongoing efforts to cut spending and introduce flexibility into the labor markets are intended to assuage these concerns. The government is also taking steps to shore up the banking system, namely by using up to $130 billion in EU funds to recapitalize struggling banks exposed to the collapsed domestic construction and real estate sectors." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$1.434 trillion (2012 est.); $1.454 trillion (2011 est.); $1.448 trillion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$1.352 trillion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "-1.4% (2012 est.); 0.4% (2011 est.); -0.3% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$31,100 (2012 est.); $31,500 (2011 est.); $31,400 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "18.5% of GDP (2012 est.); 17.8% of GDP (2011 est.); 18.3% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "59.2%", - "government_consumption": "20.1%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "19.1%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.5%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "32.2%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-31.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "3.3%", - "industry": "26.4%", - "services": "70.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "grain, vegetables, olives, wine grapes, sugar beets, citrus; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "textiles and apparel (including footwear), food and beverages, metals and metal manufactures, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles, machine tools, tourism, clay and refractory products, footwear, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-4.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "23.05 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "4.2%", - "industry": "24%", - "services": "71.7% (2009 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "25.1% (2012 est.); 21.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "21.1% (2012)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.6%", - "highest_10%": "26.6% (2000)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "32 (2005); 32.5 (1990)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$491.2 billion", - "expenditures": "$634.6 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "36.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-10.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "84.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 69.3% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.4% (2012 est.); 3% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "1.5% (31 December 2012); 1.75% (31 December 2010)", - "note": "this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "8.3% (31 December 2012 est.); 8.09% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$784.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $778.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)", - "note": "see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$1.969 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.211 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$3.029 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.152 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$1.031 trillion (31 December 2011); $1.172 trillion (31 December 2010); $1.297 trillion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$18.8 billion (2012 est.); -$52.28 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$291.7 billion (2012 est.); $303.3 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery, motor vehicles; foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, medicines, other consumer goods" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "France 16.8%, Germany 10.8%, Italy 7.7%, Portugal 7.1%, UK 6.5% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$323.7 billion (2012 est.); $361.8 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals, semifinished goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods, measuring and medical control instruments" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 11.8%, France 11.5%, Italy 6.7%, China 5.6%, Netherlands 5.4%, UK 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$50.59 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $47.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$2.311 trillion (31 December 2012); $2.269 trillion (31 December 2011)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$723.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $700.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$716.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $721.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -; 0.7778 (2012 est.); 0.7185 (2011 est.); 0.755 (2010 est.); 0.7198 (2009 est.); 0.6827 (2008 est.)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "279.6 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "249.7 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "13.52 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "5.169 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "102.5 million kW (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "48.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "7.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "13.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "24.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "12,090 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "1.046 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "150 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "1.211 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "1.384 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "240,700 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "528,400 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "52 million cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "33.55 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "1.698 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "35.49 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "2.548 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "316.4 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "19.867 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "52.598 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "well-developed, modern facilities; fixed-line teledensity exceeds 40 per 100 persons", - "domestic": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity exceeds 150 telephones per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 34; submarine cables provide connectivity to Europe, Middle East, Asia, and US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to adjacent countries (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "a mixture of both publicly operated and privately owned TV and radio stations; overall, hundreds of TV channels are available including national, regional, local, public, and international channels; satellite and cable TV systems available; multiple national radio networks, a large number of regional radio networks, and a larger number of local radio stations; overall, hundreds of radio stations (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".es" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "4.228 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "28.119 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "150 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "99", - "over_3_047_m": "18", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "14", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "19", - "914_to_1_523_m": "24", - "under_914_m": "24 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "51", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2", - "914_to_1_523_m": "13", - "under_914_m": "36 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "10 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 10,481 km; oil 616 km; refined products 3,461 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "15,293 km", - "broad_gauge": "11,919 km 1.668-m gauge (6,950 km electrified)", - "standard_gauge": "1,392 km 1.435-m gauge (1,054 km electrified)", - "narrow_gauge": "1,954 km 1.000-m gauge (815 km electrified); 28 km 0.914-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "681,298 km", - "paved": "681,298 km (includes 15,152 km of expressways) (2008)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "1,000 km (2012)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "132", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 7, cargo 19, chemical tanker 8, container 5, liquefied gas 12, passenger/cargo 43, petroleum tanker 18, refrigerated cargo 4, roll on/roll off 9, vehicle carrier 7", - "foreign_owned": "27 (Canada 4, Germany 4, Italy 1, Mexico 1, Norway 10, Russia 6, Switzerland 1)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "103 (Angola 1, Argentina 3, Bahamas 6, Brazil 12, Cape Verde 1, Cyprus 6, Ireland 1, Malta 8, Morocco 9, Panama 30, Peru 1, Portugal 18, Uruguay 5, Venezuela 1, unknown 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Algeciras, Barcelona, Bilbao, Cartagena, Huelva, Tarragona, Valencia (Spain); Las Palmas, Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Canary Islands)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Spanish Armed Forces: Army (Ejercito de Tierra), Spanish Navy (Armada Espanola, AE; includes Marine Corps), Spanish Air Force (Ejercito del Aire Espanola, EdA) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service by a Spanish citizen or legal immigrant, 2-3 year obligation; women allowed to serve in all SAF branches, including combat units; no conscription, but Spanish Government retains right to mobilize citizens 19-25 years of age in a national emergency; mandatory retirement of non-NCO enlisted personnel at age 45 or 58, depending on service length (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "11,759,557", - "females_age_16_49": "11,204,688 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "9,603,939", - "females_age_16_49": "9,116,928 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "217,244", - "female": "205,278 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.2% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "in 2002, Gibraltar residents voted overwhelmingly by referendum to reject any \"shared sovereignty\" arrangement; the Government of Gibraltar insists on equal participation in talks between the UK and Spain; Spain disapproves of UK plans to grant Gibraltar greater autonomy; Morocco protests Spain's control over the coastal enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and the islands of Penon de Velez de la Gomera, Penon de Alhucemas, and Islas Chafarinas, and surrounding waters; both countries claim Isla Perejil (Leila Island); Morocco serves as the primary launching site of illegal migration into Spain from North Africa; Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "stateless_persons": "36 (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "despite rigorous law enforcement efforts, North African, Latin American, Galician, and other European traffickers take advantage of Spain's long coastline to land large shipments of cocaine and hashish for distribution to the European market; consumer for Latin American cocaine and North African hashish; destination and minor transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin; money-laundering site for Colombian narcotics trafficking organizations and organized crime" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/eu-european-union.json b/europe/eu-european-union.json deleted file mode 100644 index 9c6aca3f..00000000 --- a/europe/eu-european-union.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,441 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "preliminary_statement": { - "text": "The evolution of what is today the European Union (EU) from a regional economic agreement among six neighboring states in 1951 to today's hybrid intergovernmental and supranational organization of 28 countries across the European continent stands as an unprecedented phenomenon in the annals of history. Dynastic unions for territorial consolidation were long the norm in Europe; on a few occasions even country-level unions were arranged - the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Austro-Hungarian Empire were examples. But for such a large number of nation-states to cede some of their sovereignty to an overarching entity is unique.; Although the EU is not a federation in the strict sense, it is far more than a free-trade association such as ASEAN, NAFTA, or Mercosur, and it has certain attributes associated with independent nations: its own flag, currency (for some members), and law-making abilities, as well as diplomatic representation and a common foreign and security policy in its dealings with external partners.; Thus, inclusion of basic intelligence on the EU has been deemed appropriate as a new, separate entity in The World Factbook. However, because of the EU's special status, this description is placed after the regular country entries." - }, - "background": { - "text": "Following the two devastating World Wars in the first half of the 20th century, a number of European leaders in the late 1940s became convinced that the only way to establish a lasting peace was to reconcile the two chief belligerent nations - France and Germany - both economically and politically. In 1950, the French Foreign Minister Robert SCHUMAN proposed an eventual union of all Europe, the first step of which would be the integration of the coal and steel industries of Western Europe. The following year, the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was set up when six members, Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, signed the Treaty of Paris.; The ECSC was so successful that within a few years the decision was made to integrate other elements of the countries' economies. In 1957, envisioning an \"ever closer union,\" the Treaties of Rome created the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), and the six member states undertook to eliminate trade barriers among themselves by forming a common market. In 1967, the institutions of all three communities were formally merged into the European Community (EC), creating a single Commission, a single Council of Ministers, and the body known today as the European Parliament. Members of the European Parliament were initially selected by national parliaments, but in 1979 the first direct elections were undertaken and have been held every five years since.; In 1973, the first enlargement of the EC took place with the addition of Denmark, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. The 1980s saw further membership expansion with Greece joining in 1981 and Spain and Portugal in 1986. The 1992 Treaty of Maastricht laid the basis for further forms of cooperation in foreign and defense policy, in judicial and internal affairs, and in the creation of an economic and monetary union - including a common currency. This further integration created the European Union (EU), at the time standing alongside the European Community. In 1995, Austria, Finland, and Sweden joined the EU/EC, raising the membership total to 15.; A new currency, the euro, was launched in world money markets on 1 January 1999; it became the unit of exchange for all EU member states except Denmark, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. In 2002, citizens of those 12 countries began using euro banknotes and coins. Ten new countries joined the EU in 2004 - Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia. Bulgaria and Romania joined in 2007 and Croatia in 2013, bringing the current membership to 28.; In an effort to ensure that the EU could function efficiently with an expanded membership, the Treaty of Nice (signed in 2000) set forth rules aimed at streamlining the size and procedures of EU institutions. An effort to establish a \"Constitution for Europe,\" growing out of a Convention held in 2002-2003, foundered when it was rejected in referenda in France and the Netherlands in 2005. A subsequent effort in 2007 incorporated many of the features of the rejected Constitution while also making a number of substantive and symbolic changes. The new treaty, initially known as the Reform Treaty but subsequently referred to as the Treaty of Lisbon, sought to amend existing treaties rather than replace them. The treaty was approved at the EU intergovernmental conference of the 27 member states held in Lisbon in December 2007, after which the process of national ratifications began. In October 2009, an Irish referendum approved the Lisbon Treaty (overturning a previous rejection) and cleared the way for an ultimate unanimous endorsement. Poland and the Czech Republic signed on soon after. The Lisbon Treaty, again invoking the idea of an \"ever closer union,\" came into force on 1 December 2009 and the European Union officially replaced and succeeded the European Community." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Europe between the North Atlantic Ocean in the west and Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine to the east" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "4,324,782 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "less than one-half the size of the US" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "12,440.8 km", - "border_countries": "Albania 282 km, Andorra 120.3 km, Belarus 1,050 km, Croatia 999 km, Holy See 3.2 km, Liechtenstein 34.9 km, Macedonia 394 km, Moldova 450 km, Monaco 4.4 km, Norway 2,348 km, Russia 2,257 km, San Marino 39 km, Serbia 945 km, Switzerland 1,811 km, Turkey 446 km, Ukraine 1,257 km", - "note": "data for European Continent only" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "65,992.9 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "cold temperate; potentially subarctic in the north to temperate; mild wet winters; hot dry summers in the south" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "fairly flat along the Baltic and Atlantic coast; mountainous in the central and southern areas" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Lammefjord, Denmark -7 m; Zuidplaspolder, Netherlands -7 m", - "highest_point": "Mont Blanc 4,807 m; note - situated on the border between France and Italy" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "iron ore, natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, lead, zinc, bauxite, uranium, potash, salt, hydropower, arable land, timber, fish" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "24.91", - "permanent_crops": "2.75", - "other": "72.34 (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "154,539.82 sq km (2011 est.)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "2,057.76 cu km (2011)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "flooding along coasts; avalanches in mountainous area; earthquakes in the south; volcanic eruptions in Italy; periodic droughts in Spain; ice floes in the Baltic" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds" - } - }, - "people": { - "languages": { - "text": "Bulgarian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, Gaelic, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish", - "note": "only official languages are listed; German, the major language of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, is the most widely spoken mother tongue - about 18% of the EU population; English is the most widely spoken foreign language - about 38% of the EU population is conversant with it (2013)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox, Muslim, Jewish" - }, - "population": { - "text": "503,890,016 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "15.42% (male 39,926,061/female 37,910,751)", - "15_24_years": "11.39% (male 29,378,846/female 28,105,200)", - "25_54_years": "42.32% (male 107,635,924/female 106,014,871)", - "55_64_years": "12.67% (male 31,027,789/female 32,931,541)", - "65_years_and_over": "18.21% (male 39,037,315/female 52,921,718) (2013 est.)" - }, - "median_age": { - "text": "note - see individual country entries of member states" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.21% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "10.2 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "2.0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.94 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.74 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.96 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "4.4 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "4.9 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "3.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "79.9 years", - "male": "77 years", - "female": "82.9 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.59 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "5.56 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "note - see individual country entries of member states" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "note - see individual country entries of member states" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "note - see individual country entries of member states" - } - }, - "govt": { - "union_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "European Union", - "abbreviation": "EU" - }, - "political_structure": { - "text": "a hybrid and unique intergovernmental and supranational organization" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Brussels (Belgium), Strasbourg (France), Luxembourg", - "geographic_coordinates": "(Brussels) 50 50 N, 4 20 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October", - "note": "the European Council and the Council of the European Union meet in Brussels, Belgium; the European Parliament meets in Brussels and Strasbourg, France, and has administrative offices in Luxembourg; the Court of Justice of the European Union meets in Luxembourg" - }, - "member_states": { - "text": "28 countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, UK; note - candidate countries: Iceland, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Turkey" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "7 February 1992 (Maastricht Treaty signed establishing the European Union); 1 November 1993 (Maastricht Treaty entered into force)", - "note": "the Treaties of Rome, signed on 25 March 1957 and subsequently entered into force on 1 January 1958, created the European Economic Community and the European Atomic Energy Community; a series of subsequent treaties have been adopted to increase efficiency and transparency, to prepare for new member states, and to introduce new areas of cooperation - such as single currency; the Treaty of Lisbon, signed on 13 December 2007 and entered into force on 1 December 2009 is the most recent of these treaties and is intended to make the EU more democratic, more efficient, and better able to address global problems with one voice" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Europe Day 9 May (1950); note - the day in 1950 that Robert SCHUMAN proposed the creation of what became the European Coal and Steel Community, the progenitor of today's European Union, with the aim of achieving a united Europe" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "none", - "note": "the EU legal order, although based on a series of treaties, has often been described as \"constitutional\" in nature; the Treaty on European Union (TEU), as modified by the Lisbon Treaty, states in Article 1 that \"the HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES establish among themselves a EUROPEAN UNION ... on which the Member States confer competences to attain objectives they have in common\"; Article 1 of the TEU states further that the EU is \"founded on the present Treaty and on the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (hereinafter referred to as 'the Treaties'),\" both possessing the same legal value; Article 6 of the TEU provides that a separately adopted Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union \"shall have the same legal value as the Treaties\"" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "unique supranational law system in which, according to an interpretive declaration of member-state governments appended to the Treaty of Lisbon, \"the Treaties and the law adopted by the Union on the basis of the Treaties have primacy over the law of Member States\" under conditions laid down in the case law of the Court of Justice; key principles of EU law include fundamental rights as guaranteed by the Charter of Fundamental Rights and as resulting from constitutional traditions common to the EU's states; EU law is divided into 'primary' and 'secondary' legislation; the treaties (primary legislation) are the basis for all EU action; secondary legislation - which includes regulations, directives and decisions - are derived from the principles and objectives set out in the treaties" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal; voting for the European Parliament is permitted in each member state" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "text": "under the EU treaties there are three distinct institutions, each of which conducts functions that may be regarded as executive in nature:", - "the_european_council": "brings together heads of state and government, along with the president of the European Commission, and meets at least four times a year; its aim is to provide the impetus for the development of the Union and to issue general policy guidelines; leaders of the EU member states appointed former Belgian Prime Minister Herman VAN ROMPUY to be the first full-time president of the European Council in November 2009; he took office on 1 December 2009 for a two-and-one-half-year term, renewable once; EU member state leaders confirmed Herman VAN ROMPUY for a second and final two-and-one-half-year term in March 2012; his core responsibilities include chairing the EU summits and providing policy and organizational continuity", - "the_council_of_the_european_union": "consists of ministers of each EU member state and meets regularly in different configurations depending on the subject matter; it carries out policy-making and coordinating functions (as well as legislative functions); ministers of EU member states chair meetings of the Council of the EU based on a six-month rotating presidency", - "the_european_commission": "is headed by a College of Commissioners comprised of 28 members, one from each member country; each commissioner is responsible for one or more policy areas; the Commission's responsibilities include the sole right to initiate EU legislation (except for foreign and defense policy), promoting the general interest of the EU, acting as \"guardian of the Treaties,\" executing the budget and managing programs, ensuring the Union's external representation, and additional duties; its president is Jose Manuel BARROSO (since 2004); the president of the European Commission is designated by member state governments and confirmed by the European Parliament; working from member state recommendations, the Commission president then assembles the \"college\" of Commission members; the European Parliament confirms the entire Commission for a five-year term; the next confirmation process will likely be held in January 2015", - "note": "for external representation and foreign policy making, leaders of the EU member states appointed Catherine ASHTON of the United Kingdom to be the first High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy; ASHTON took office on 1 December 2009; her concurrent appointment as Vice President of the European Commission endows her position with the policymaking influence of the Council of the EU and the budgetary influence of the European Commission; the High Representative helps develop and implement the EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP), chairs the Foreign Affairs Council, represents and acts for the Union in many international contexts, and oversees the European External Action Service (EEAS), the diplomatic corps of the EU, established on 1 December 2010" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "two legislative bodies consisting of the Council of the European Union (28 member-state ministers having 352 votes; the number of votes is roughly proportional to member-states' population, and 255 votes plus a majority of member states forms a \"qualified majority\" to pass a measure) and the European Parliament (766 seats; seats allocated among member states in proportion to population; members elected by direct universal suffrage for a five-year term); note - the European Parliament President is elected by a majority of fellow members of the European Parliament (MEP), and represents the Parliament with the EU and internationally; German MEP Martin SCHULZ from the Group of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) was elected in January 2012; the Council of the EU is the main decision-making body of the EU, although the European Parliament must also approve almost all EU legislation; the Parliament does not have the right to initiate legislation", - "elections": "last held on 4-7 June 2009 (next to be held in June 2014)", - "election_results": "percent of vote - EPP 36%, S&D 25%, ALDE 11.4%, Greens/EFA 7.5%, ECR 7.3%, GUE/NGL 4.8%, EFD 4.3%, independents 3.7%; seats by party - EPP 265, S&D 184, ALDE 84, Greens/EFA 55, ECR 54, GUE/NGL 35, EFD 32, nonaffiliated 27, plus 18 \"observers\"; note - current seats by party as of December 2012 - EPP 270, S&D 189, ALDE 85, Greens/EFA 59, ECR 53, GUE/NGL 34, EFD 34, nonaffiliated 30" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Court of Justice of the European Union (organized into Court of Justice, General Court, and Civil Service Tribunal; consists of 27 judges, one from each of the member states) note - the Court of Justice ensures that treaties are interpreted and applied uniformly throughout the EU, resolves disputed issues among the EU institutions, issues opinions on questions of EU law referred by member state courts;", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges appointed for 6-year terms; note - the court can sit in chambers, in a \"Grand Chamber\" of 13 judges, or as the full court; General Court (a court below the Court of Justice) - 27 judges appointed for six-year terms; Civil Service Tribunal - 7 judges appointed for 3-year terms", - "subordinate_courts": "" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Confederal Group of the European United Left-Nordic Green Left or GUE/NGL [Gabriele ZIMMER]; Europe of Freedom and Democracy Group or EFD [Nigel FARAGE and Francesco SPERONI]; European Conservatives and Reformists Group or ECR [Martin CALLANAN]; Group of Greens/European Free Alliance or Greens/EFA [Rebecca HARMS and Daniel COHN-BENDIT]; Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe or ALDE [Guy VERHOFSTADT]; Group of the European People's Party or EPP [Joseph DAUL]; Group of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats or S&D [Hannes SWOBODA]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ARF (dialogue member), ASEAN (dialogue member), Australian Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CERN, EBRD, FAO, FATF, G-8, G-10, G-20, IDA, IEA, IGAD (partners), LAIA (observer), NSG (observer), OAS (observer), OECD, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), UN (observer), UNRWA (observer), WCO, WTO, ZC (observer)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Joao VALE DE ALMEIDA", - "chancery": "2175 K Street, NW, Washington, DC 20037", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 862-9500", - "fax": "[1] (202) 429-1766" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador William E. KENNARD", - "embassy": "13 Zinnerstraat/Rue Zinner, B-1000 Brussels", - "mailing_address": "same as above", - "telephone": "[32] (2) 811-4100", - "fax": "[32] (2) 811-5154" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "a blue field with 12 five-pointed gold stars arranged in a circle in the center; blue represents the sky of the Western world, the stars are the peoples of Europe in a circle, a symbol of unity; the number of stars is fixed" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "a circle of 12 stars" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Ode to Joy\"\"", - "lyrics_music": "none/Ludwig VON BEETHOVEN, arranged by Herbert VON KARAJAN", - "note": "adopted 1972, not in use until 1986; according to the European Union, the song is meant to represent all of Europe rather than just the organization; the song also serves as the anthem for the Council of Europe" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Internally, the EU has abolished trade barriers, adopted a common currency, and is striving toward convergence of living standards. Internationally, the EU aims to bolster Europe's trade position and its political and economic weight. Because of the great differences in per capita income among member states (from $13,000 to $82,000) and in national attitudes toward issues like inflation, debt, and foreign trade, the EU faces difficulties in devising and enforcing common policies. Eleven established EU member states, under the auspices of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), introduced the euro as their common currency on 1 January 1999 (Greece did so two years later). Between 2004 and 2007, 12 states acceded to the EU that are, in general, less advanced economically than the other 15 member states. On 1 July 2013 Croatia became the most recent member of the EU, following a decade long application process. Of the 13 most recent entrants, only Slovenia (1 January 2007), Cyprus and Malta (1 January 2008), Slovakia (1 January 2009), and Estonia (1 January 2011) have adopted the euro; 11 non-Euro member states, other than the UK and Denmark which have formal opt-outs, are required by EU treaties to adopt the common currency upon meeting fiscal and monetary convergence criteria. Following the 2008-09 global economic crisis, the EU economy saw moderate GDP growth in 2010 and 2011, but a sovereign debt crisis in the euro zone intensified in 2011 and became the bloc's top economic and political priority. Despite EU/IMF adjustment programs in Greece, Ireland, and Portugal, and consolidation measures in many other EU member states, significant risks to growth remain, including high public debt loads, aging populations, onerous regulations, and fears of debt crisis contagion. In response, euro-zone leaders in 2011 boosted funding levels for the temporary European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) to almost $600 billion and made loan terms more favorable for crisis-hit countries, and in July 2012 brought the permanent European Stabilization Mechanism (ESM) online, a year earlier than originally planned. In addition, 26 of 28 EU member states (all except the UK and Czech Republic) have indicated their intent to enact a \"fiscal compact\" treaty to boost long-term budgetary discipline and coordination. In September 2012 the European Central Bank committed to a bond-buying program for troubled euro-zone member states that agree to a formal program of fiscal and structural reforms, aiming to reduce their borrowing costs and restore confidence in the euro zone." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$15.97 trillion (2012 est.); $16.02 trillion (2011 est.); $15.77 trillion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$16.36 trillion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.3% (2012 est.); 1.6% (2011 est.); 2.2% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$35,100 (2012 est.); $35,300 (2011 est.); $34,900 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "58.2%", - "government_consumption": "21.8%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "18.3%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.5%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "42.5%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-41.3% (2011 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "1.8%", - "industry": "24.7%", - "services": "73.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "wheat, barley, oilseeds, sugar beets, wine, grapes; dairy products, cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "among the world's largest and most technologically advanced, the EU industrial base includes: ferrous and non-ferrous metal production and processing, metal products, petroleum, coal, cement, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, aerospace, rail transportation equipment, passenger and commercial vehicles, construction equipment, industrial equipment, shipbuilding, electrical power equipment, machine tools and automated manufacturing systems, electronics and telecommunications equipment, fishing, food and beverage processing, furniture, paper, textiles" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-1.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "230 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "5.3%", - "industry": "22.9%", - "services": "71.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "10.3% (2012 est.); 9.7% (2011)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "note - see individual country entries of member states" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.9%", - "highest_10%": "24% (2011 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "30.7 (2011 est.); 31.2 (1996 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.6% (2012 est.); 1.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "1.5% (31 December 2012); 1.75% (31 December 2011)", - "note": "this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "5.9% (31 December 2010 est.); 7.52% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$6.205 trillion (31 December 2011); $5.542 trillion (31 December 2010)", - "note": "this is the quantity of money, M1, for the euro area, converted into US dollars at the exchange rate for the date indicated; it excludes the stock of money carried by non-euro-area members of the European Union" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$12.27 trillion (31 December 2011 est.); $11.17 trillion (31 December 2010 est.)", - "note": "this is the quantity of broad money for the euro area, converted into US dollars at the exchange rate for the date indicated; it excludes the stock of broad money carried by non-euro-area members of the European Union" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$21.29 trillion (31 December 2011 est.); $21.81 trillion (31 December 2010 est.)", - "note": "this figure refers to the euro area only; it excludes credit data for non-euro-area members of the EU" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$7.565 trillion (31 December 2011 est.); $10.5 trillion (31 December 2010); $9.823 trillion (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$34.49 billion (2011 est.); -$5.73 billion (2010 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$2.17 trillion (2011 est.); $1.791 trillion (2010 est.)", - "note": "external exports, excluding intra-EU trade" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery, motor vehicles, pharmaceuticals and other chemicals, fuels, aircraft, plastics, iron and steel, wood pulp and paper products, alcoholic beverages, furniture" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$2.397 trillion (2011 est.); $2.028 trillion (2010 est.)", - "note": "external imports, excluding intra-EU trade" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "fuels and crude oil, machinery, vehicles, pharmaceuticals and other chemicals, precious gemstones, textiles, aircraft, plastics, metals, ships" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$812.1 billion (31 December 2011)", - "note": "$863.8 billion (31 December 2011); this includes reserves held by the European Central Bank and euro-zone national central banks; it excludes reserves for non-euro-area members of the EU" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$15.5 trillion (31 December 2012); $14.78 trillion (31 December 2011)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "euros per US dollar -; 0.7778 (2012 est.); 0.7185 (2011 est.); 0.755 (2010 est.); 0.7198 (2009 est.); 0.6827 (2008 est.)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "3.255 trillion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "3.037 trillion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "5.385 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "12.19 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "13.25 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "2.196 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "8.613 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "167.1 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "459.8 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "93.75 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "420.6 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "2.008 trillion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "226 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "629 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "text": "note - see individual country entries of member states" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".eu; note - see country entries of member states for individual country codes" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "201,116; note - this sum reflects the number of Internet hosts assigned the .eu Internet country code (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "340 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "3,102 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "1,858", - "over_3_047_m": "118", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "335", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "504", - "914_to_1_523_m": "422", - "under_914_m": "479 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "1,244", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_437_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "15", - "914_to_1_523_m": "245", - "under_914_m": "982 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "90 (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "228,710 km (2010)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "5,814,080 km (2010)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "44,103 km (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_ports": "Antwerp (Belgium), Barcelona (Spain), Braila (Romania), Bremen (Germany), Burgas (Bulgaria), Constanta (Romania), Copenhagen (Denmark), Galati (Romania), Gdansk (Poland), Hamburg (Germany), Helsinki (Finland), Las Palmas (Canary Islands, Spain), Le Havre (France), Lisbon (Portugal), London (UK), Marseille (France), Naples (Italy), Peiraiefs or Piraeus (Greece), Riga (Latvia), Rotterdam (Netherlands), Stockholm (Sweden), Talinn (Estonia), Tulcea (Romania), Varna (Bulgaria)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_note": { - "text": "the five-nation Eurocorps - created in 1992 by France, Germany, Belgium, Spain, and Luxembourg - has deployed troops and police on peacekeeping missions to Bosnia-Herzegovina, Macedonia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo and assumed command of the ISAF in Afghanistan in August 2004; Eurocorps directly commands the 5,000-man Franco-German Brigade, the Multinational Command Support Brigade, and EUFOR in Bosnia and Herzegovina; in November 2004, the EU Council of Ministers formally committed to creating 13 1,500-man battle groups by the end of 2007, to respond to international crises on a rotating basis; 22 of the EU's 27 nations have agreed to supply troops; France, Italy, and the UK formed the first of three battle groups in 2005; Norway, Sweden, Estonia, and Finland established the Nordic Battle Group effective 1 January 2008; nine other groups are to be formed; a rapid-reaction naval EU Maritime Task Group was stood up in March 2007 (2007)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "as a political union, the EU has no border disputes with neighboring countries, but Estonia has no land boundary agreements with Russia, Slovenia disputes its land and maritime boundaries with Croatia, and Spain has territorial and maritime disputes with Morocco and with the UK over Gibraltar; the EU has set up a Schengen area - consisting of 22 EU member states that have signed the convention implementing the Schengen agreements or \"acquis\" (1985 and 1990) on the free movement of persons and the harmonization of border controls in Europe; these agreements became incorporated into EU law with the implementation of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam on 1 May 1999; in addition, non-EU states Iceland and Norway (as part of the Nordic Union) have been included in the Schengen area since 1996 (full members in 2001), Switzerland since 2008, and Liechtenstein since 2011 bringing the total current membership to 26; the UK (since 2000) and Ireland (since 2002) take part in only some aspects of the Schengen area, especially with respect to police and criminal matters; nine of the 12 new member states that joined the EU since 2004 joined Schengen on 21 December 2007; of the three remaining EU states, Romania and Bulgaria may join in 2013 or 2014, while Cyprus' entry is held up by the ongoing Cyprus dispute" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/fi-finland.json b/europe/fi-finland.json deleted file mode 100644 index efe6b8fb..00000000 --- a/europe/fi-finland.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,612 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Finland was a province and then a grand duchy under Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries, and an autonomous grand duchy of Russia after 1809. It won its complete independence in 1917. During World War II, it was able to successfully defend its freedom and resist invasions by the Soviet Union - albeit with some loss of territory. In the subsequent half century, the Finns made a remarkable transformation from a farm/forest economy to a diversified modern industrial economy; per capita income is now among the highest in Western Europe. A member of the European Union since 1995, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro system at its initiation in January 1999. In the 21st century, the key features of Finland's modern welfare state are a high standard of education, equality promotion, and national social security system - currently challenged by an aging population and the fluctuations of an export-driven economy." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "64 00 N, 26 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "338,145 sq km", - "land": "303,815 sq km", - "water": "34,330 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Montana" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "2,654 km", - "border_countries": "Norway 727 km, Sweden 614 km, Russia 1,313 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "1,250 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm (in the Gulf of Finland - 3 nm)", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_fishing_zone": "12 nm; extends to continental shelf boundary with Sweden", - "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Baltic Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Halti (alternatively Haltia, Haltitunturi, Haltiatunturi) 1,328 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "timber, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, nickel, gold, silver, limestone" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "6.65%", - "permanent_crops": "0.01%", - "other": "93.34% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "685.8 sq km (2010)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "110 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "1.63 cu km/yr (25%/72%/3%)", - "per_capita": "308.9 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "air pollution from manufacturing and power plants contributing to acid rain; water pollution from industrial wastes, agricultural chemicals; habitat loss threatens wildlife populations" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "long boundary with Russia; Helsinki is northernmost national capital on European continent; population concentrated on small southwestern coastal plain" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Finn(s)", - "adjective": "Finnish" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Finn 93.4%, Swede 5.6%, Russian 0.5%, Estonian 0.3%, Roma (Gypsy) 0.1%, Sami 0.1% (2006)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Finnish (official) 91.2%, Swedish (official) 5.5%, other (small Sami- and Russian-speaking minorities) 3.3% (2007)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Lutheran Church of Finland 82.5%, Orthodox Church 1.1%, other Christian 1.1%, other 0.1%, none 15.1% (2006)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "5,266,114 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "15.8% (male 424,571/female 410,042)", - "15_24_years": "12.3% (male 329,625/female 316,585)", - "25_54_years": "38.3% (male 1,026,525/female 988,772)", - "55_64_years": "14.4% (male 374,685/female 385,933)", - "65_years_and_over": "19.2% (male 421,854/female 587,522) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "55 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "25.5 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "29.5 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "3.4 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "43 years", - "male": "41.2 years", - "female": "44.8 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.06% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "10.36 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "10.42 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "85% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "HELSINKI (capital) 1.107 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.97 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.71 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.96 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "27.9 (2005 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "5 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "3.38 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "3.68 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "3.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "79.55 years", - "male": "76.09 years", - "female": "83.15 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.73 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "9% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "2.74 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "6.2 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "2,600 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "23% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "6.8% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "100%", - "male": "100%", - "female": "100% (2000 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "17 years", - "male": "16 years", - "female": "18 years (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "18.9%", - "male": "19.3%", - "female": "18.4% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Finland", - "conventional_short_form": "Finland", - "local_long_form": "Suomen tasavalta/Republiken Finland", - "local_short_form": "Suomi/Finland" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Helsinki", - "geographic_coordinates": "60 10 N, 24 56 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "19 regions (maakunnat, singular - maakunta (Finnish); landskapen, singular - landskapet (Swedish)); Aland (Swedish), Ahvenanmaa (Finnish); Etela-Karjala (Finnish), Sodra Karelen (Swedish) [South Karelia]; Etela-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Sodra Osterbotten (Swedish) [South Ostrobothnia]; Etela-Savo (Finnish), Sodra Savolax (Swedish) [South Savo]; Kanta-Hame (Finnish), Egentliga Tavastland (Swedish); Kainuu (Finnish), Kajanaland (Swedish); Keski-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Mellersta Osterbotten (Swedish) [Central Ostrobothnia]; Keski-Suomi (Finnish), Mellersta Finland (Swedish) [Central Finland]; Kymenlaakso (Finnish), Kymmenedalen (Swedish); Lappi (Finnish), Lappland (Swedish); Paijat-Hame (Finnish), Paijanne-Tavastland (Swedish); Pirkanmaa (Finnish), Birkaland (Swedish) [Tampere]; Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Osterbotten (Swedish) [Ostrobothnia]; Pohjois-Karjala (Finnish), Norra Karelen (Swedish) [North Karelia]; Pohjois-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Norra Osterbotten (Swedish) [North Ostrobothnia]; Pohjois-Savo (Finnish), Norra Savolax (Swedish) [North Savo]; Satakunta (Finnish and Swedish); Uusimaa (Finnish), Nyland (Swedish) [Newland]; Varsinais-Suomi (Finnish), Egentliga Finland (Swedish) [Southwest Finland]" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "6 December 1917 (from Russia)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 6 December (1917)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "1 March 2000" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system based on the Swedish model; note - the president may request the Supreme Court to review laws" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Sauli NIINISTO (since 1 March 2012)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Jyrki KATAINEN (since 22 June 2011)", - "cabinet": "Council of State or Valtioneuvosto appointed by the president, responsible to parliament", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a six-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 5 February 2012 (next to be held in February 2018); the parliament elects a prime minister who is then appointed to office by the president", - "election_results": "percent of vote - Sauli NIINISTO (Kok) 36.96%, Pekka HAAVISTO (Vihr) 18.76%, Paavo VAYRYNEN (Kesk) 17.53%, Timo SOINI (TF) 9.4%, Paavo LIPPONEN (SDP) 6.7%, Paavo ARHINMÄKI (Vas) 5.48%, Eva BIAUDET (SFP) 2.7%, Sari ESSAYAH (KD) 2.47%; a runoff election between NIINISTO and HAAVISTO was held 5 February 2012 - NIINISTO 62.59%, HAAVISTO 37.41%; Jyrki KATAINEN elected prime minister; election results 118-72", - "note": "government coalition - Kok, SDP, Vihr, SFP, Vas, and KD (2013)" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament or Eduskunta (200 seats; members elected by popular vote on a proportional basis to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 17 April 2011 (next to be held in April 2015)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - Kok 20.4%, SDP 19.1%, TF 19.1%, Kesk 15.8%, Vas 8.1%, Vihr 7.3%, SFP 4.3%, KD 4%, other 1.9%; seats by party - Kok 44, SDP 42, TF 39, Kesk 35, Vas 14, Vihr 10, SFP 9, KD 6, other 1 (the constituency of Aland)" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (consists of the court president and 18 judges); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 21 judges including the court president and organized into 3 chambers) note - Finland has a dual judicial system - courts with civil and criminal jurisdiction, and administrative courts with jurisdiction for litigation between individuals and administrative organs of the state and communities", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court and Supreme Administrative Court judges appointed by the president of the republic; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 65", - "subordinate_courts": "6 Courts of Appeal; 8 regional administrative courts; 27 district courts; special courts for issues relating to markets, labor, insurance, impeachment, land, tenancy, and water rights" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Center Party or Kesk [Juha SIPILA]; Christian Democrats or KD [Paivi RASANEN]; Green League or Vihr [Ville NIINISTO]; Left Alliance or Vas [Paavo ARHINMAKI]; National Coalition Party or Kok [Jyrki KATAINEN]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Jutta URPILAINEN]; Swedish People's Party or SFP [Carl HAGLUND]; The Finns Party or TF [Timo SOINI]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Ritva KOUKKU-RONDE", - "chancery": "3301 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 298-5800", - "fax": "[1] (202) 298-6030", - "consulates_general": "Los Angeles, New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Bruce J. ORECK", - "embassy": "Itainen Puistotie 14B, 00140 Helsinki", - "mailing_address": "APO AE 09723", - "telephone": "[358] (9) 616250", - "fax": "[358] (9) 6162 5800" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "white with a blue cross extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag); the blue represents the thousands of lakes scattered across the country, while the white is for the snow that covers the land in winter" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "lion" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Maamme\" (Our Land)", - "lyrics_music": "Johan Ludvig RUNEBERG/Fredrik PACIUS", - "note": "in use since 1848; although never officially adopted by law, the anthem has been popular since it was first sung by a student group in 1848; Estonia's anthem uses the same melody as that of Finland" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Finland has a highly industrialized, largely free-market economy with per capita output almost as high as that of Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Sweden. Trade is important with exports accounting for over one third of GDP in recent years. Finland is strongly competitive in manufacturing - principally the wood, metals, engineering, telecommunications, and electronics industries. Finland excels in high-tech exports such as mobile phones. Except for timber and several minerals, Finland depends on imports of raw materials, energy, and some components for manufactured goods. Because of the climate, agricultural development is limited to maintaining self-sufficiency in basic products. Forestry, an important export earner, provides a secondary occupation for the rural population. Finland had been one of the best performing economies within the EU in recent years and its banks and financial markets avoided the worst of global financial crisis. However, the world slowdown hit exports and domestic demand hard in 2009, with Finland experiencing one of the deepest contractions in the euro zone. A recovery of exports, domestic trade, and household consumption stimulated economic growth in 2010-11. The recession affected general government finances and the debt ratio, turning previously strong budget surpluses into deficits, but Finland has taken action to ensure it will meet EU deficit targets by 2013 and retains its triple-A credit rating. Finland's main challenge in 2013 will be to stimulate growth in the face of weak demand in EU export markets and government austerity measures meant to reduce its budget deficit. Longer-term, Finland must address a rapidly aging population and decreasing productivity that threaten competitiveness, fiscal sustainability, and economic growth." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$200.7 billion (2012 est.); $201.1 billion (2011 est.); $195.7 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$250.1 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.2% (2012 est.); 2.8% (2011 est.); 3.3% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$37,000 (2012 est.); $37,200 (2011 est.); $36,400 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "18.7% of GDP (2012 est.); 20.6% of GDP (2011 est.); 21% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "56.3%", - "government_consumption": "24.8%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "19.4%", - "investment_in_inventories": "1.2%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "39.8%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-40.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "2.8%", - "industry": "27.1%", - "services": "70.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "barley, wheat, sugar beets, potatoes; dairy cattle; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "metals and metal products, electronics, machinery and scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-1.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "2.69 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture_and_forestry": "4.4%", - "industry": "15.5%", - "construction": "7.1%", - "commerce": "21.3%", - "finance_insurance_and_business_services": "13.3%", - "transport_and_communications": "9.9%", - "public_services": "28.5% (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "7.8% (2012 est.); 7.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.6%", - "highest_10%": "24.7% (2007)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "26.8 (2008); 25.6 (1991)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$134.5 billion", - "expenditures": "$139.8 billion", - "note": "Central Government Budget (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "53.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-2.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "53% of GDP (2012 est.); 49.1% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "3.2% (2012 est.); 3.3% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "1.5% (31 December 2012); 1.75% (31 December 2010)", - "note": "this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "2.06% (31 December 2012 est.); 2.68% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$126.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $115.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.)", - "note": "see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$183.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $176.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$265 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $248.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$143.1 billion (31 December 2011); $118.2 billion (31 December 2010); $91.02 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$3.6 billion (2012 est.); -$1.86 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$73.4 billion (2012 est.); $79.15 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "electrical and optical equipment, machinery, transport equipment, paper and pulp, chemicals, basic metals; timber" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Sweden 11.1%, Russia 9.9%, Germany 9.4%, Netherlands 6.4%, US 6.1%, UK 5.1%, China 4.6% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$73.15 billion (2012 est.); $80.89 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, computers, electronic industry products, textile yarn and fabrics, grains" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Russia 17.8%, Sweden 14.8%, Germany 13.9%, Netherlands 8%, China 4.4% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$11.08 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $10.35 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$599.3 billion (31 December 2012); $478.5 billion (31 December 2011)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$134.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $128.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$186.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $173 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -; 0.7778 (2012 est.); 0.7185 (2011 est.); 0.755 (2010 est.); 0.7198 (2009 est.); 0.6827 (2008 est.)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "76.16 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "77.66 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "5.218 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "15.72 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "16.32 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "52.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "16.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "19.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "12% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "215,700 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "301,500 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "204,800 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "133,600 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "103,100 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "4.101 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "4.101 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "54.4 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "1.08 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "8.94 million (2009)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "modern system with excellent service", - "domestic": "digital fiber-optic fixed-line network and an extensive mobile-cellular network provide domestic needs", - "international": "country code - 358; submarine cables provide links to Estonia and Sweden; satellite earth stations - access to Intelsat transmission service via a Swedish satellite earth station, 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Finland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "a mix of publicly operated TV stations and privately owned TV stations; the 2 publicly owned TV stations recently expanded services and the largest private TV station has introduced several special-interest pay-TV channels; cable and satellite multi-channel subscription services are available; all TV signals have been broadcast digitally since September 2007; analog broadcasts via cable networks were terminated in February 2008; public broadcasting maintains a network of 13 national and 25 regional radio stations; a large number of private radio broadcasters (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".fi; note - Aland Islands assigned .ax" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "4.763 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "4.393 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "148 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "74", - "over_3_047_m": "3", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "26", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "10", - "914_to_1_523_m": "21", - "under_914_m": "14 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "74", - "914_to_1_523_m": "3", - "under_914_m": "71 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 1,689 km (2010)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "5,944 km", - "broad_gauge": "5,944 km 1.524-m gauge (3,067 km electrified) (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "78,000 km", - "paved": "50,000 km (includes 700 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "28,000 km", - "note": "there 78,000 km of highways, 350,000 km of private and forest roads, and 26,000 km of urban roads giving Finland a total road network of 450,000 km (2012)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "8,000 km (includes Saimaa Canal system of 3,577 km; southern part leased from Russia; water transport is used frequently in the summer and is widely replaced with sledges on the ice in winter; there are 187,888 lakes in Finland that cover 31,500 km); Finand also maintains 8,200 km of coastal fairways (2013)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "97", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 2, cargo 25, carrier 1, chemical tanker 6, container 3, passenger 5, passenger/cargo 16, petroleum tanker 5, roll on/roll off 31, vehicle carrier 3", - "foreign_owned": "5 (Cyprus 1, Estonia 2, Iceland 1, Sweden 1)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "47 (Bahamas 8, Germany 3, Gibraltar 2, Malta 3, Netherlands 13, Panama 2, Sweden 16) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Helsinki, Kotka, Naantali, Porvoo, Raahe, Rauma" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Finnish Defense Forces (FDF): Army (Puolustusvoimat), Navy (Merivoimat; includes Coastal Defense Forces), Air Force (Ilmavoimat) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for male voluntary and compulsory - and female voluntary - national military and nonmilitary service; service obligation 6-12 months; military obligation to age 60 (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,155,368", - "females_age_16_49": "1,106,193 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "955,151", - "females_age_16_49": "912,983 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "32,599", - "female": "31,416 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "2% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "various groups in Finland advocate restoration of Karelia and other areas ceded to the Soviet Union, but the Finnish Government asserts no territorial demands" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "stateless_persons": "2,017 (2012)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/fr-france.json b/europe/fr-france.json deleted file mode 100644 index 175ce7a8..00000000 --- a/europe/fr-france.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,675 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "France today is one of the most modern countries in the world and is a leader among European nations. It plays an influential global role as a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, NATO, the G-8, the G-20, the EU and other multilateral organizations. France rejoined NATO's integrated military command structure in 2009, reversing de Gaulle's 1966 decision to take French forces out of NATO. Since 1958, it has constructed a hybrid presidential-parliamentary governing system resistant to the instabilities experienced in earlier, more purely parliamentary administrations. In recent decades, its reconciliation and cooperation with Germany have proved central to the economic integration of Europe, including the introduction of a common currency, the euro, in January 1999. In the early 21st century, five French overseas entities - French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Reunion - became French regions and were made part of France proper." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "metropolitan_france": "Western Europe, bordering the Bay of Biscay and English Channel, between Belgium and Spain, southeast of the UK; bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Italy and Spain", - "french_guiana": "Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Brazil and Suriname", - "guadeloupe": "Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Puerto Rico", - "martinique": "Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago", - "mayotte": "Southern Indian Ocean, island in the Mozambique Channel, about half way between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique", - "reunion": "Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "metropolitan_france": "46 00 N, 2 00 E", - "french_guiana": "4 00 N, 53 00 W", - "guadeloupe": "16 15 N, 61 35 W", - "martinique": "14 40 N, 61 00 W", - "mayotte": "12 50 S, 45 10 E", - "reunion": "21 06 S, 55 36 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "metropolitan_france": "Europe", - "french_guiana": "South America", - "guadeloupe": "Central America and the Caribbean", - "martinique": "Central America and the Caribbean", - "mayotte": "Africa", - "reunion": "World" - }, - "area": { - "total": "643,801 sq km; 551,500 sq km (metropolitan France)", - "land": "640,427 sq km; 549,970 sq km (metropolitan France)", - "water": "3,374 sq km; 1,530 sq km (metropolitan France)", - "note": "the first numbers include the overseas regions of French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Reunion" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly less than the size of Texas" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "metropolitan_france_total": "2,889 km", - "border_countries": "Brazil 673 km, Suriname 510 km", - "french_guiana_total": "1,183 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "total": "4,853 km", - "metropolitan_france": "3,427 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm (does not apply to the Mediterranean)", - "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation" - }, - "climate": { - "metropolitan_france": "generally cool winters and mild summers, but mild winters and hot summers along the Mediterranean; occasional strong, cold, dry, north-to-northwesterly wind known as mistral", - "french_guiana": "tropical; hot, humid; little seasonal temperature variation", - "guadeloupe_and_martinique": "subtropical tempered by trade winds; moderately high humidity; rainy season (June to October); vulnerable to devastating cyclones (hurricanes) every eight years on average", - "mayotte": "tropical; marine; hot, humid, rainy season during northeastern monsoon (November to May); dry season is cooler (May to November)", - "reunion": "tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry (May to November), hot and rainy (November to April)" - }, - "terrain": { - "metropolitan_france": "mostly flat plains or gently rolling hills in north and west; remainder is mountainous, especially Pyrenees in south, Alps in east", - "french_guiana": "low-lying coastal plains rising to hills and small mountains", - "guadeloupe": "Basse-Terre is volcanic in origin with interior mountains; Grande-Terre is low limestone formation; most of the seven other islands are volcanic in origin", - "martinique": "mountainous with indented coastline; dormant volcano", - "mayotte": "generally undulating, with deep ravines and ancient volcanic peaks", - "reunion": "mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Rhone River delta -2 m", - "highest_point": "Mont Blanc 4,807 m", - "note": "in order to assess the possible effects of climate change on the ice and snow cap of Mont Blanc, its surface and peak have been extensively measured in recent years; these new peak measurements have exceeded the traditional height of 4,807 m and have varied between 4,808 m and 4,811 m; the actual rock summit is 4,792 m and is 40 m away from the ice-covered summit" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "metropolitan_france": "coal, iron ore, bauxite, zinc, uranium, antimony, arsenic, potash, feldspar, fluorspar, gypsum, timber, fish", - "french_guiana": "gold deposits, petroleum, kaolin, niobium, tantalum, clay" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "33.45%", - "permanent_crops": "1.86%", - "other": "64.69%", - "note": "French Guiana - arable land 0.13%, permanent crops 0.04%, other 99.83% (90% forest, 10% other); Guadeloupe - arable land 11.70%, permanent crops 2.92%, other 85.38%; Martinique - arable land 9.09%, permanent crops 10.0%, other 80.91%; Reunion - arable land 13.94%, permanent crops 1.59%, other 84.47% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "total": "26,420 sq km 26,950 sq km", - "metropolitan_france": "27,230 sq km (2007)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "211 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "31.62 cu km/yr (19%/71%/10%)", - "per_capita": "512.1 cu m/yr (2009)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "metropolitan_france": "flooding; avalanches; midwinter windstorms; drought; forest fires in south near the Mediterranean", - "overseas_departments": "hurricanes (cyclones); flooding; volcanic activity (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion)" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "some forest damage from acid rain; air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution from urban wastes, agricultural runoff" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "largest West European nation" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women)", - "adjective": "French" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Celtic and Latin with Teutonic, Slavic, North African, Indochinese, Basque minorities", - "overseas_departments": "black, white, mulatto, East Indian, Chinese, Amerindian" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "French (official) 100%, rapidly declining regional dialects and languages (Provencal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish)", - "overseas_departments": "French, Creole patois, Mahorian (a Swahili dialect)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 83%-88%, Protestant 2%, Jewish 1%, Muslim 5%-10%, unaffiliated 4%", - "overseas_departments": "Roman Catholic, Protestant, Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist, pagan" - }, - "population": { - "text": "65,951,611 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "the above figure is for metropolitan France and five overseas regions; the metropolitan France population is 62,814,233" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "18.7% (male 6,314,779/female 6,029,258)", - "15_24_years": "11.9% (male 4,017,893/female 3,840,268)", - "25_54_years": "38.9% (male 12,877,039/female 12,764,229)", - "55_64_years": "12.6% (male 4,020,974/female 4,287,381)", - "65_years_and_over": "17.9% (male 5,029,801/female 6,769,989) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "56.5 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "28.5 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "27.9 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "3.6 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "40.6 years", - "male": "39.1 years", - "female": "42.1 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.47% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "12.6 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "8.96 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "1.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "85% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "PARIS (capital) 10.41 million; Marseille-Aix-en-Provence 1.457 million; Lyon 1.456 million; Lille 1.028 million; Nice-Cannes 977,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.94 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.74 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.96 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "28.6 (2006 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "8 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "3.34 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "3.67 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "2.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "81.56 years", - "male": "78.45 years", - "female": "84.82 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.08 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "76.4%", - "note": "percent of women aged 20-49 (2008)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "11.9% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "3.5 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "6.9 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.4% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "150,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "1,700 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "18.2% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.9% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99%", - "male": "99%", - "female": "99% (2003 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "16 years", - "male": "16 years", - "female": "17 years (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "22.1%", - "male": "21.2%", - "female": "23.2% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "French Republic", - "conventional_short_form": "France", - "local_long_form": "Republique francaise", - "local_short_form": "France" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Paris", - "geographic_coordinates": "48 52 N, 2 20 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October", - "note": "applies to metropolitan France only, not to its overseas departments, collectivities, or territories" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "27 regions (regions, singular - region); Alsace, Aquitaine, Auvergne, Basse-Normandie (Lower Normandy), Bourgogne (Burgundy), Bretagne (Brittany), Centre, Champagne-Ardenne, Corse (Corsica), Franche-Comte, Guadeloupe, Guyane (French Guiana), Haute-Normandie (Upper Normandy), Ile-de-France, Languedoc-Roussillon, Limousin, Lorraine, Martinique, Mayotte, Midi-Pyrenees, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Pays de la Loire, Picardie, Poitou-Charentes, Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, Reunion, Rhone-Alpes", - "note": "France is divided into 22 metropolitan regions (including the \"territorial collectivity\" of Corse or Corsica) and 5 overseas regions (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Reunion) and is subdivided into 96 metropolitan departments and 5 overseas departments (which are the same as the overseas regions)" - }, - "dependent_areas": { - "text": "Clipperton Island, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, New Caledonia, Saint Barthelemy, Saint Martin, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Wallis and Futuna", - "note": "the US does not recognize claims to Antarctica; New Caledonia has been considered a \"sui generis\" collectivity of France since 1998, a unique status falling between that of an independent country and a French overseas department" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "no official date of independence: 486 (Frankish tribes unified under Merovingian kingship); 10 August 843 (Western Francia established from the division of the Carolingian Empire); 14 July 1789 (French monarchy overthrown); 22 September 1792 (First French Republic founded); 4 October 1958 (Fifth French Republic established)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Fete de la Federation, 14 July (1790); note - although often incorrectly referred to as Bastille Day, the celebration actually commemorates the holiday held on the first anniversary of the storming of the Bastille (on 14 July 1789) and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy; other names for the holiday are Fete Nationale (National Holiday) and quatorze juillet (14th of July)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "adopted by referendum 28 September 1958; effective 4 October 1958; amended many times", - "note": "amended in 1962 concerning election of president; amended to comply with provisions of 1992 EC Maastricht Treaty, 1997 Amsterdam Treaty, 2003 Treaty of Nice; amended in 1993 to tighten immigration laws; amended in 2000 to change the seven-year presidential term to a five-year term; amended in 2005 to make the EU constitutional treaty compatible with the Constitution of France and to ensure that the decision to ratify EU accession treaties would be made by referendum" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law; review of administrative but not legislative acts" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Francois HOLLANDE (since 15 May 2012)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Jean-Marc AYRAULT (since 16 May 2012)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president at the suggestion of the prime minister", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 22 April and 6 May 2012 (next to be held in the spring of 2017); prime minister appointed by the president", - "election_results": "Francois HOLLANDE elected; first round: percent of vote - Francois HOLLANDE 28.6%, Nicolas SARKOZY 27.2%, Marine LE PEN 17.9%, Jean-Luc MELENCHON 11.1%, Francois BAYROU, 9.1%, others 6.1%; second round: HOLLANDE 51.6%, SARKOZY 48.4%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of the Senate or Senat (348 seats; 328 for metropolitan France and overseas departments, 2 for New Caledonia, 2 for French Polynesia, 1 for Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, 1 for Saint-Barthelemy, 1 for Saint-Martin, 1 for Wallis and Futuna, and 12 for French nationals abroad; members indirectly elected by an electoral college to serve six-year terms; one third elected every three years); and the National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (577 seats; 555 for metropolitan France, 15 for overseas departments, 7 for overseas dependencies; members elected by popular vote under a single-member majority system to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "Senate - last held on 25 September 2011 (next to be held in September 2014); National Assembly - last held on 10 and 17 June 2012 (next to be held in June 2017)", - "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PS/Greens 140, UMP 132, UDF 31, PCF/MRC 21, PRG 17, other 7; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - PS 48.5%, UMP 33.6%, miscellaneous left wing parties 3.8%, Greens 3.0%, miscellaneous right wing parties 2.6%, NC 2.1%, PRG 2.1%, FDG 1.7%, other 2.6%; seats by party - PS 280, UMP 194, miscellaneous left wing parties 22, Greens 17, miscellaneous right wing parties 15, NC 12, PRG 12, FDG 10, other 15" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation (consists of the court president, 6 divisional presiding judges, 120 trial judges, and 70 deputy judges organized into 6 divisions - 3 civil, 1 commercial, 1 labor, and 1 criminal); Constitutional Council (consists of 9 members)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Court of Cassation judges appointed by the president of the republic from nominations from the High Council of the Judiciary, presided by the Court of Cassation and 15 appointed members; judge term of appointment NA; Constitutional Council members appointed - 3 by the president of the republic and 3 each by the National Assembly and Senate presidents; members serve 9-year, non-renewable terms with one third of the membership renewed every 3 years", - "subordinate_courts": "appellate courts or Cour d'Appel; regional courts or Tribunal de Grande Instance; first instance courts or Tribunal' d'instance" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Centrist and Republican Union or UCR [Francois ZOCCHETTO] (previously Centrist Union; Democratic Movement or MoDem [Francois BAYROU] (previously Union for French Democracy or UDF); Europe Ecology - The Greens or EELV [Pascal DURAND]; French Communist Party or PCF [Pierre LAURENT]; Left Front Coalition or FDG [Jean-Luc MELENCHON]; Left Party or PG [Jean-Luc MELENCHON and Martine BILLARD]; Left Radical Party or PRG [Jean-Michel BAYLET] (previously Radical Socialist Party or PRS and the Left Radical Movement or MRG); Movement for France or MPF [Philippe DE VILLIERS]; National Front or FN [Marine LE PEN]; New Anticapitalist Party or NPA [collective leadership; main spokesperson Christine POUPIN]; New Center or NC [Herve MORIN]; Radical Party [Jean-Louis BORLOO]; Rally for France or RPF [Charles PASQUA]; Republican and Citizen Movement or MRC [Jean-Luc LAURENT]; Socialist Party or PS [Haerlem DESIR]; United Republic or RS [Dominique DE VILLEPIN]; Union for a Popular Movement or UMP [Jean-Francois COPE]; Worker's Struggle (Lutte Ouvriere) or LO [collective leadership; spokespersons Nathalie ARTHAUD and Arlette LAQUILLER]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Confederation francaise democratique du travail or CFDT, left-leaning labor union with approximately 803,000 members; Confederation francaise de l'encadrement - Confederation generale des cadres or CFE-CGC, independent white-collar union with 196,000 members; Confederation francaise des travailleurs chretiens of CFTC, independent labor union founded by Catholic workers that claims 132,000 members; Confederation generale du travail or CGT, historically communist labor union with approximately 700,000 members; Confederation generale du travail - Force ouvriere or FO, independent labor union with an estimated 300,000 members; Mouvement des entreprises de France or MEDEF, employers' union with 750,000 companies as members (claimed); ", - "french_guiana": "conservationists; gold mining pressure groups; hunting pressure groups; ", - "guadeloupe": "Christian Movement for the Liberation of Guadeloupe or KLPG; General Federation of Guadeloupe Workers or CGT-G; General Union of Guadeloupe Workers or UGTG; Movement for an Independent Guadeloupe or MPGI; The Socialist Renewal Movement; ", - "martinique": "Caribbean Revolutionary Alliance or ARC; Central Union for Martinique Workers or CSTM; Frantz Fanon Circle; League of Workers and Peasants; Proletarian Action Group or GAP; ", - "reunion": "NA" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BDEAC, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, FZ, G-20, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), SPC, UN, UN Security Council, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNRWA, UNSC (permanent), UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Francois M. DELATTRE", - "chancery": "4101 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 944-6000", - "fax": "[1] (202) 944-6166", - "consulates_general": "Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Charles H. RIVKIN", - "embassy": "2 Avenue Gabriel, 75382 Paris Cedex 08", - "mailing_address": "PSC 116, APO AE 09777", - "telephone": "[33] (1) 43-12-22-22", - "fax": "[33] (1) 42 66 97 83", - "consulates_general": "Marseille, Strasbourg" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), white, and red; known as the \"Le drapeau tricolore\" (French Tricolor), the origin of the flag dates to 1790 and the French Revolution when the \"ancient French color\" of white was combined with the blue and red colors of the Parisian militia; the official flag for all French dependent areas", - "note": "the design and/or colors are similar to a number of other flags, including those of Belgium, Chad, Cote d'Ivoire, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, and Netherlands" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Gallic rooster and Marianne" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"La Marseillaise\" (The Song of Marseille)", - "lyrics_music": "Claude-Joseph ROUGET de Lisle", - "note": "adopted 1795, restored 1870; originally known as \"Chant de Guerre pour l'Armee du Rhin\" (War Song for the Army of the Rhine), the National Guard of Marseille made the song famous by singing it while marching into Paris in 1792 during the French Revolutionary Wars" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "The French economy is diversified across all sectors. The government has partially or fully privatized many large companies, including Air France, France Telecom, Renault, and Thales. However, the government maintains a strong presence in some sectors, particularly power, public transport, and defense industries. With at least 79 million foreign tourists per year, France is the most visited country in the world and maintains the third largest income in the world from tourism. France's leaders remain committed to a capitalism in which they maintain social equity by means of laws, tax policies, and social spending that reduce income disparity and the impact of free markets on public health and welfare. France's real GDP contracted 2.6% in 2009, but recovered somewhat in 2010 and 2011, before stagnating in 2012. The unemployment rate increased from 7.4% in 2008 to 10.3% in 2012. Youth unemployment shot up to 24.2% during the third quarter of 2012 in metropolitan France. Lower-than-expected growth and high unemployment costs have strained France's public finances. The budget deficit rose sharply from 3.4% of GDP in 2008 to 7.5% of GDP in 2009 before improving to 4.8% of GDP in 2012, while France's public debt rose from 68% of GDP to 90% over the same period. Under President SARKOZY, Paris implemented some austerity measures to bring the budget deficit under the 3% euro-zone ceiling by 2013 and to highlight France's commitment to fiscal discipline at a time of intense financial market scrutiny of euro-zone debt. Socialist Party candidate Francois HOLLANDE won the May 2012 presidential election, after advocating pro-growth economic policies, the separation of banks' traditional deposit taking and lending activities from more speculative businesses, increasing the top corporate and personal tax rates, and hiring an additional 60,000 teachers during his five-year term. The government's attempt to introduce a 75% wealth tax on income over one million euros for two years was struck down by the French Constitutional Council in December 2012 because it applied to individuals rather than households. France ratified the EU fiscal stability treaty in October 2012 and HOLLANDE's government has maintained France's commitment to meeting the budget deficit target of 3% of GDP during 2013 even amid signs that economic growth will be lower than the government's forecast of 0.8%. Despite stagnant growth and fiscal challenges, France's borrowing costs declined during the second half of 2012 to euro-era lows." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$2.291 trillion (2012 est.); $2.29 trillion (2011 est.); $2.252 trillion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$2.609 trillion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "0% (2012 est.); 1.7% (2011 est.); 1.7% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$36,100 (2012 est.); $36,300 (2011 est.); $35,900 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "17.5% of GDP (2012 est.); 18.7% of GDP (2011 est.); 17.7% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "57.7%", - "government_consumption": "24.7%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "19.8%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "27.4%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-29.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "2%", - "industry": "18.8%", - "services": "79.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "wheat, cereals, sugar beets, potatoes, wine grapes; beef, dairy products; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "machinery, chemicals, automobiles, metallurgy, aircraft, electronics; textiles, food processing; tourism" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "29.78 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "3.8%", - "industry": "24.3%", - "services": "71.8% (2005)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "10.3% (2012 est.); 9.2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "7.8% (2010)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3%", - "highest_10%": "24.8% (2004)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "32.7 (2008); 32.7 (1995)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$1.353 trillion", - "expenditures": "$1.48 trillion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "51.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-4.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "90.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 85.8% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.2% (2012 est.); 2.3% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "1.5% (31 December 2012); 1.75% (31 December 2010)", - "note": "this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "3.44% (31 December 2012 est.); 3.43% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$938.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $908.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)", - "note": "see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$2.571 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.499 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$3.627 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.448 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$1.569 trillion (31 December 2011); $1.926 trillion (31 December 2010); $1.972 trillion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$58.7 billion (2012 est.); -$54.44 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$567.1 billion (2012 est.); $593.5 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and transportation equipment, aircraft, plastics, chemicals, pharmaceutical products, iron and steel, beverages" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 16.7%, Belgium 7.5%, Italy 7.5%, Spain 6.9%, UK 6.9%, US 5.6%, Netherlands 4.3% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$641.3 billion (2012 est.); $681.6 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, vehicles, crude oil, aircraft, plastics, chemicals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 19.5%, Belgium 11.3%, Italy 7.6%, Netherlands 7.4%, Spain 6.6%, UK 5.1%, China 4.9% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$184.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $171.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$5.165 trillion (31 December 2012); $5.004 trillion (31 December 2011)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$1.119 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.054 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$1.683 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.619 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -; 0.7778 (2012 est.); 0.7185 (2011 est.); 0.755 (2010 est.); 0.7198 (2009 est.); 0.6827 (2008 est.)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "539 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "451.4 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "66.6 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "37.1 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "119.1 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "20.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "53% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "17.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "5.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "49,530 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "1.428 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "90.01 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "1.694 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "1.792 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "487,200 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "778,400 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "587 million cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "41.52 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "5.378 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "47.04 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "5.522 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "395.2 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "39.883 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "59.84 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "highly developed", - "domestic": "extensive cable and microwave radio relay; extensive use of fiber-optic cable; domestic satellite system", - "international": "country code - 33; numerous submarine cables provide links throughout Europe, Asia, Australia, the Middle East, and US; satellite earth stations - more than 3 (2 Intelsat (with total of 5 antennas - 2 for Indian Ocean and 3 for Atlantic Ocean), NA Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat - Atlantic Ocean region); HF radiotelephone communications with more than 20 countries", - "overseas_departments": "country codes: French Guiana - 594; Guadeloupe - 590; Martinique - 596; Mayotte - 262; Reunion - 262 (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "a mix of both publicly operated and privately owned TV stations; state-owned France Televisions operates 4 networks, one of which is a network of regional stations, and has part-interest in several thematic cable/satellite channels and international channels; a large number of privately owned regional and local TV stations; multi-channel satellite and cable services provide a large number of channels; public broadcaster Radio France operates 7 national networks, a series of regional networks, and operates services for overseas territories and foreign audiences; Radio France Internationale (RFI), under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is a leading international broadcaster; a large number of commercial FM stations, with many of them consolidating into commercial networks (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": "metropolitan France - .fr; French Guiana - .gf; Guadeloupe - .gp; Martinique - .mq; Mayotte - .yt; Reunion - .re" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "17.266 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "45.262 million; 44.625 million (metropolitan France) (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "464 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "294", - "over_3_047_m": "14", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "25", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "97", - "914_to_1_523_m": "83", - "under_914_m": "75 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "170", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "64", - "under_914_m": "105 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 15,322 km; oil 2,939 km; refined products 5,084 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "29,640 km", - "standard_gauge": "29,473 km 1.435-m gauge (15,361 km electrified)", - "narrow_gauge": "167 km 1.000-m gauge (63 km electrified) (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "1,028,446 km (metropolitan France; includes 11,416 km of expressways)", - "note": "there are another 5,100 km of roadways in overseas departments (2010)" - }, - "waterways": { - "metropolitan_france": "8,501 km (1,621 km accessible to craft of 3,000 metric tons) (2010)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "162", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 3, cargo 7, chemical tanker 34, container 27, liquefied gas 12, passenger 10, passenger/cargo 41, petroleum tanker 16, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 11", - "foreign_owned": "50 (Belgium 7, Bermuda 5, Denmark 11, French Polynesia 11, Germany 1, New Caledonia 3, Singapore 3, Sweden 4, Switzerland 5)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "151 (Bahamas 15, Belgium 7, Bermuda 1, Canada 1, Cyprus 16, Egypt 1, Hong Kong 4, Indonesia 1, Ireland 2, Italy 2, Luxembourg 15, Malta 8, Marshall Islands 7, Mexico 1, Morocco 3, Netherlands 2, Norway 5, Panama 7, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2, Singapore 3, South Korea 2, Taiwan 2, UK 39, US 4, unknown 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Brest, Calais, Dunkerque, Le Havre, Marseille, Nantes,", - "river_ports": "Paris, Rouen (Seine); Strasbourg (Rhine); Bordeaux (Garronne)", - "container_ports": "Le Havre (2,215,262)(2011)", - "cruise_ferry_ports": "Calais, Cherbourg, Le Havre" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Army (Armee de Terre; includes Marines, Foreign Legion, Army Light Aviation), Navy (Marine Nationale), Air Force (Armee de l'Air (AdlA); includes Air Defense) (2011)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "17-40 years of age for male and female voluntary military service (with parental consent); no conscription; 1-year service obligation; women serve in noncombat posts (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "14,563,662", - "females_age_16_49": "14,238,434 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "12,025,341", - "females_age_16_49": "11,721,827 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "396,050", - "female": "377,839 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "2.6% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Madagascar claims the French territories of Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, and Juan de Nova Island; Comoros claims Mayotte; Mauritius claims Tromelin Island; territorial dispute between Suriname and the French overseas department of French Guiana; France asserts a territorial claim in Antarctica (Adelie Land); France and Vanuatu claim Matthew and Hunter Islands, east of New Caledonia" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "23,225 (Sri Lanka); 12,666 (Cambodia); 12,585 (Democratic Republic of the Congo); 11,767 (Russia); 11,506 (Serbia); 10,887 (Turkey); 8,605 (Vietnam); 7,335 (Laos) (2012)", - "stateless_persons": "1,210 (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "metropolitan_france": "transshipment point for South American cocaine, Southwest Asian heroin, and European synthetics", - "french_guiana": "small amount of marijuana grown for local consumption; minor transshipment point to Europe", - "martinique": "transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for the US and Europe" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/gb-great-britain.json b/europe/gb-great-britain.json deleted file mode 100644 index 5c5b53ba..00000000 --- a/europe/gb-great-britain.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,634 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The United Kingdom has historically played a leading role in developing parliamentary democracy and in advancing literature and science. At its zenith in the 19th century, the British Empire stretched over one-fourth of the earth's surface. The first half of the 20th century saw the UK's strength seriously depleted in two world wars and the Irish Republic's withdrawal from the union. The second half witnessed the dismantling of the Empire and the UK rebuilding itself into a modern and prosperous European nation. As one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council and a founding member of NATO and the Commonwealth, the UK pursues a global approach to foreign policy. The UK is also an active member of the EU, although it chose to remain outside the Economic and Monetary Union. The Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, and the Northern Ireland Assembly were established in 1999. The latter was suspended until May 2007 due to wrangling over the peace process, but devolution was fully completed in March 2010." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Western Europe, islands - including the northern one-sixth of the island of Ireland - between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea; northwest of France" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "54 00 N, 2 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "243,610 sq km", - "land": "241,930 sq km", - "water": "1,680 sq km", - "note": "includes Rockall and Shetland Islands" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Oregon" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "360 km", - "border_countries": "Ireland 360 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "12,429 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_fishing_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "as defined in continental shelf orders or in accordance with agreed upon boundaries" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic Current; more than one-half of the days are overcast" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly rugged hills and low mountains; level to rolling plains in east and southeast" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "The Fens -4 m", - "highest_point": "Ben Nevis 1,343 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "coal, petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, lead, zinc, gold, tin, limestone, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, potash, silica sand, slate, arable land" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "24.88%", - "permanent_crops": "0.18%", - "other": "74.93% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "2,280 sq km (2005)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "147 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "13.03 cu km/yr (58%/33%/9%)", - "per_capita": "213.2 cu m/yr (2008)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "winter windstorms; floods" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "continues to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (has met Kyoto Protocol target of a 12.5% reduction from 1990 levels and intends to meet the legally binding target and move toward a domestic goal of a 20% cut in emissions by 2010); by 2005 the government reduced the amount of industrial and commercial waste disposed of in landfill sites to 85% of 1998 levels and recycled or composted at least 25% of household waste, increasing to 33% by 2015" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "lies near vital North Atlantic sea lanes; only 35 km from France and linked by tunnel under the English Channel; because of heavily indented coastline, no location is more than 125 km from tidal waters" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Briton(s), British (collective plural)", - "adjective": "British" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "white (of which English 83.6%, Scottish 8.6%, Welsh 4.9%, Northern Irish 2.9%) 92.1%, black 2%, Indian 1.8%, Pakistani 1.3%, mixed 1.2%, other 1.6% (2001 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "English", - "note": "the following are recognized regional languages: Scots (about 30% of the population of Scotland), Scottish Gaelic (about 60,000 in Scotland), Welsh (about 20% of the population of Wales), Irish (about 10% of the population of Northern Ireland), Cornish (some 2,000 to 3,000 in Cornwall) (2012)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Christian (Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist) 71.6%, Muslim 2.7%, Hindu 1%, other 1.6%, unspecified or none 23.1% (2001 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "63,395,574 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "17.3% (male 5,625,040/female 5,346,815)", - "15_24_years": "12.8% (male 4,158,813/female 3,986,831)", - "25_54_years": "41.1% (male 13,250,434/female 12,807,328)", - "55_64_years": "11.5% (male 3,589,345/female 3,680,392)", - "65_years_and_over": "17.3% (male 4,877,079/female 6,073,497) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "54 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "27.1 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "26.9 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "3.7 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "40.3 years", - "male": "39.1 years", - "female": "41.4 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.55% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "12.26 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "9.33 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "2.57 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "80% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.7% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "LONDON (capital) 8.615 million; Birmingham 2.296 million; Manchester 2.247 million; West Yorkshire 1.541 million; Glasgow 1.166 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.97 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.8 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "30 (2006 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "12 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "4.5 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "4.93 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "4.05 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "80.29 years", - "male": "78.16 years", - "female": "82.54 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.9 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "84%", - "note": "percent of women aged 16-49 (2008/09)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "9.6% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "2.74 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "3.3 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.2% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "85,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "26.9% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.6% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over has completed five or more years of schooling", - "total_population": "99%", - "male": "99%", - "female": "99% (2003 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "17 years", - "male": "16 years", - "female": "17 years (2010)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "20%", - "male": "22%", - "female": "17.7% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; note - Great Britain includes England, Scotland, and Wales", - "conventional_short_form": "United Kingdom", - "abbreviation": "UK" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "constitutional monarchy and Commonwealth realm" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "London", - "geographic_coordinates": "51 30 N, 0 05 W", - "time_difference": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October", - "note": "applies to the United Kingdom proper, not to its overseas dependencies or territories" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "england": "27 two-tier counties, 32 London boroughs and 1 City of London or Greater London, 36 metropolitan districts, 56 unitary authorities (including 4 single-tier counties*)", - "two_tier_counties": "Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Cumbria, Derbyshire, Devon, Dorset, East Sussex, Essex, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Hertfordshire, Kent, Lancashire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Norfolk, North Yorkshire, Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Somerset, Staffordshire, Suffolk, Surrey, Warwickshire, West Sussex, Worcestershire", - "london_boroughs_and_city_of_london_or_greater_london": "Barking and Dagenham, Barnet, Bexley, Brent, Bromley, Camden, Croydon, Ealing, Enfield, Greenwich, Hackney, Hammersmith and Fulham, Haringey, Harrow, Havering, Hillingdon, Hounslow, Islington, Kensington and Chelsea, Kingston upon Thames, Lambeth, Lewisham, City of London, Merton, Newham, Redbridge, Richmond upon Thames, Southwark, Sutton, Tower Hamlets, Waltham Forest, Wandsworth, Westminster", - "metropolitan_districts": "Barnsley, Birmingham, Bolton, Bradford, Bury, Calderdale, Coventry, Doncaster, Dudley, Gateshead, Kirklees, Knowlsey, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle upon Tyne, North Tyneside, Oldham, Rochdale, Rotherham, Salford, Sandwell, Sefton, Sheffield, Solihull, South Tyneside, St. Helens, Stockport, Sunderland, Tameside, Trafford, Wakefield, Walsall, Wigan, Wirral, Wolverhampton", - "unitary_authorities": "Blaenau Gwent; Bridgend; Caerphilly; Cardiff; Carmarthenshire; Ceredigion; Conwy; Denbighshire; Flintshire; Gwynedd; Isle of Anglesey; Merthyr Tydfil; Monmouthshire; Neath Port Talbot; Newport; Pembrokeshire; Powys; Rhondda Cynon Taff; Swansea; The Vale of Glamorgan; Torfaen; Wrexham", - "northern_ireland": "26 district council areas", - "district_council_areas": "Antrim, Ards, Armagh, Ballymena, Ballymoney, Banbridge, Belfast, Carrickfergus, Castlereagh, Coleraine, Cookstown, Craigavon, Derry, Down, Dungannon and South Tyrone, Fermanagh, Larne, Limavady, Lisburn, Magherafelt, Moyle, Newry and Mourne, Newtownabbey, North Down, Omagh, Strabane", - "scotland": "32 council areas", - "council_areas": "Aberdeen City, Aberdeenshire, Angus, Argyll and Bute, Clackmannanshire, Dumfries and Galloway, Dundee City, East Ayrshire, East Dunbartonshire, East Lothian, East Renfrewshire, City of Edinburgh, Eilean Siar (Western Isles), Falkirk, Fife, Glasgow City, Highland, Inverclyde, Midlothian, Moray, North Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Orkney Islands, Perth and Kinross, Renfrewshire, Shetland Islands, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, Stirling, The Scottish Borders, West Dunbartonshire, West Lothian", - "wales": "22 unitary authorities" - }, - "dependent_areas": { - "text": "Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "12 April 1927 (Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act establishes current name of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland); notable earlier dates: 927 (minor English kingdoms united); 3 March 1284 (enactment of the Statute of Rhuddlan uniting England and Wales); 1536 (Act of Union formally incorporates England and Wales); 1 May 1707 (Acts of Union formally unite England and Scotland as Great Britain); 1 January 1801 (Acts of Union formally unite Great Britain and Ireland as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland); 6 December 1921 (Anglo-Irish Treaty formalizes partition of Ireland; six counties remain part of the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "the UK does not celebrate one particular national holiday" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "common law system; has nonbinding judicial review of Acts of Parliament under the Human Rights Act of 1998" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); Heir Apparent Prince CHARLES (son of the queen, born 14 November 1948)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister David CAMERON (since 11 May 2010)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the prime minister", - "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually becomes the prime minister" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of House of Lords; note - membership is not fixed (788 seats; consisting of approximately 670 life peers, 92 hereditary peers, and 26 clergy - as of 1 April 2012) and House of Commons (650 seats since 2010 elections; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms unless the House is dissolved earlier)", - "elections": "House of Lords - no elections (note - in 1999, as provided by the House of Lords Act, elections were held in the House of Lords to determine the 92 hereditary peers who would remain there; elections are held only as vacancies in the hereditary peerage arise); House of Commons - last held on 6 May 2010 (next to be held by June 2015)", - "election_results": "House of Commons - percent of vote by party - Conservative 36.1%, Labor 29%, Liberal Democrats 23%, other 11.9%; seats by party - Conservative 305, Labor 258, Liberal Democrat 57, other 30", - "note": "in 1998 elections were held for a Northern Ireland Assembly (because of unresolved disputes among existing parties, the transfer of power from London to Northern Ireland came only at the end of 1999 and has been suspended four times, the latest occurring in October 2002 and lasting until 8 May 2007); in 1999, the UK held the first elections for a Scottish Parliament and a Welsh Assembly; the most recent elections for the Northern Ireland Assembly, the Scottish Parliament, and the Welsh Assembly took place in May 2011" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of 12 justices including the court president and deputy president) note - the Supreme Court was established by the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 and implemented in October 2009, replacing the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords as the highest court in the United Kingdom", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judge candidates selected by an independent committee of several judicial commissions, followed by their recommendations to the prime minister, and appointed by Her Majesty The Queen; justices appointed during period of good behavior", - "subordinate_courts": "England and Wales - Court of Appeal (civil and criminal divisions); High Court; Crown Court; County Courts; Magistrates' Courts; Scotland - Court of Sessions; Sherrif Courts; High Court of Justiciary; tribunals; Northern Ireland - Court of Appeal in Northern Ireland; High Court; county courts; magistrates' courts; specialized tribunals" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Conservative [David CAMERON]; Democratic Unionist Party or DUP (Northern Ireland) [Peter ROBINSON]; Labor Party [Ed MILIBAND]; Liberal Democrats (Lib Dems) [Nick CLEGG]; Party of Wales (Plaid Cymru) [Leanne WOOD]; Scottish National Party or SNP [Alex SALMOND]; Sinn Fein (Northern Ireland) [Gerry ADAMS]; Social Democratic and Labor Party or SDLP (Northern Ireland) [Alasdair MCDONNELL]; Ulster Unionist Party (Northern Ireland) [Mike NESBITT]; United Kingdom Independent Party or UKIP [Nigel FARAGE]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament; Confederation of British Industry; National Farmers' Union; Trades Union Congress" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, C, CBSS (observer), CD, CDB, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EITI (implementing country), ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-20, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNSC (permanent), UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Peter John WESTMACOTT", - "chancery": "3100 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 588-6500", - "fax": "[1] (202) 588-7850", - "consulates_general": "Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Denver, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco", - "consulates": "Dallas, Orlando (FL)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Louis B. SUSMAN", - "embassy": "24 Grosvenor Square, London, W1K 6AH note - a new embassy is scheduled to open by the end of 2017 in the Nine Elms area of Wandsworth", - "mailing_address": "PSC 801, Box 40, FPO AE 09498-4040", - "telephone": "[44] (0) 20 7499-9000", - "fax": "[44] (0) 20 7629-9124", - "consulates_general": "Belfast, Edinburgh" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "blue field with the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England) edged in white superimposed on the diagonal red cross of Saint Patrick (patron saint of Ireland), which is superimposed on the diagonal white cross of Saint Andrew (patron saint of Scotland); properly known as the Union Flag, but commonly called the Union Jack; the design and colors (especially the Blue Ensign) have been the basis for a number of other flags including other Commonwealth countries and their constituent states or provinces, and British overseas territories" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "lion (Britain in general); lion (England); lion, unicorn (Scotland); dragon (Wales); harp (Northern Ireland)" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"God Save the Queen\"", - "lyrics_music": "unknown", - "note": "in use since 1745; by tradition, the song serves as both the national and royal anthem of the United Kingdom; it is known as either \"God Save the Queen\" or \"God Save the King,\" depending on the gender of the reigning monarch; it also serves as the royal anthem of many Commonwealth nations" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "The UK, a leading trading power and financial center, is the second largest economy in Europe after Germany. Over the past two decades, the government has greatly reduced public ownership and contained the growth of social welfare programs. Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanized, and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of food needs with less than 2% of the labor force. The UK has large coal, natural gas, and oil resources, but its oil and natural gas reserves are declining and the UK became a net importer of energy in 2005. Services, particularly banking, insurance, and business services, account by far for the largest proportion of GDP while industry continues to decline in importance. After emerging from recession in 1992, Britain's economy enjoyed the longest period of expansion on record during which time growth outpaced most of Western Europe. In 2008, however, the global financial crisis hit the economy particularly hard, due to the importance of its financial sector. Sharply declining home prices, high consumer debt, and the global economic slowdown compounded Britain's economic problems, pushing the economy into recession in the latter half of 2008 and prompting the then BROWN (Labour) government to implement a number of measures to stimulate the economy and stabilize the financial markets; these include nationalizing parts of the banking system, temporarily cutting taxes, suspending public sector borrowing rules, and moving forward public spending on capital projects. Facing burgeoning public deficits and debt levels, in 2010 the CAMERON-led coalition government (between Conservatives and Liberal Democrats) initiated a five-year austerity program, which aimed to lower London's budget deficit from over 10% of GDP in 2010 to nearly 1% by 2015. In November 2011, Chancellor of the Exchequer George OSBORNE announced additional austerity measures through 2017 because of slower-than-expected economic growth and the impact of the euro-zone debt crisis. The CAMERON government raised the value added tax from 17.5% to 20% in 2011. It has pledged to reduce the corporation tax rate to 21% by 2014. The Bank of England (BoE) implemented an asset purchase program of up to £375 billion (approximately $605 billion) as of December 2012. During times of economic crisis, the BoE coordinates interest rate moves with the European Central Bank, but Britain remains outside the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). In 2012, weak consumer spending and subdued business investment weighed on the economy. GDP fell 0.1%, and the budget deficit remained stubbornly high at 7.7% of GDP. Public debt continued to increase." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$2.375 trillion (2012 est.); $2.371 trillion (2011 est.); $2.349 trillion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$2.441 trillion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.2% (2012 est.); 0.9% (2011 est.); 1.8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$37,500 (2012 est.); $37,800 (2011 est.); $37,700 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "10.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 13.5% of GDP (2011 est.); 11.8% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "65.8%", - "government_consumption": "22.1%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "14.2%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.3%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "31.7%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-34% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "0.7%", - "industry": "21%", - "services": "78.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "cereals, oilseed, potatoes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, poultry; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, electronics and communications equipment, metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper and paper products, food processing, textiles, clothing, other consumer goods" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-2.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "32.07 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "1.4%", - "industry": "18.2%", - "services": "80.4% (2006 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "8% (2012 est.); 8.1% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "14% (2006 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.1%", - "highest_10%": "28.5% (1999)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "40 (FY08/09); 34 (2005)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$986.1 billion", - "expenditures": "$1.186 trillion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "40.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-8.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "90% of GDP (2012 est.); 85.5% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover general government debt, and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "6 April - 5 April" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.8% (2012 est.); 4.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "0.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 0.5% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "4.22% (31 December 2012 est.); 4.08% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$101.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $92.77 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$3.884 trillion (31 December 2011 est.); $4.116 trillion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$3.757 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.672 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$ NA (31 December 2011); $3.107 trillion (31 December 2010); $2.796 trillion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$57.7 billion (2012 est.); -$46.04 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$474.6 billion (2012 est.); $479.1 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals; food, beverages, tobacco" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 11.5%, US 10.6%, Netherlands 8.9%, France 7.4%, Ireland 6%, Belgium 5.1% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$642.6 billion (2012 est.); $639.9 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "manufactured goods, machinery, fuels; foodstuffs" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 12.5%, China 8.1%, Netherlands 7.3%, US 6.8%, France 5.3%, Belgium 4.4% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$105.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $94.54 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$10.09 trillion (31 December 2012); $9.961 trillion (31 December 2011)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$1.321 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.185 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$1.808 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.696 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "British pounds (GBP) per US dollar -; 0.6307 (2012 est.); 0.6236 (2011 est.); 0.6472 (2010 est.); 0.6175 (2009); 0.5302 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "352.7 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "325.8 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "4.481 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "7.144 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "88.02 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "75.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "12.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "1.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "7.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "1.099 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "788,900 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "942,100 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "2.827 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "1.584 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "1.608 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "535,300 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "493,500 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "47.43 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "82.21 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "16.69 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "53.43 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "253 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "532.4 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "33.23 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "81.612 million (2012)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "technologically advanced domestic and international system", - "domestic": "equal mix of buried cables, microwave radio relay, and fiber-optic systems", - "international": "country code - 44; numerous submarine cables provide links throughout Europe, Asia, Australia, the Middle East, and US; satellite earth stations - 10 Intelsat (7 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region), and 1 Eutelsat; at least 8 large international switching centers (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "public service broadcaster, British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world; BBC operates multiple TV networks with regional and local TV service; a mixed system of public and commercial TV broadcasters along with satellite and cable systems provide access to hundreds of TV stations throughout the world; BBC operates multiple national, regional, and local radio networks with multiple transmission sites; a large number of commercial radio stations as well as satellite radio services are available (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".uk" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "8.107 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "51.444 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "460 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "271", - "over_3_047_m": "7", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "29", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "89", - "914_to_1_523_m": "80", - "under_914_m": "66 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "189", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", - "914_to_1_523_m": "26", - "under_914_m": "160 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "9 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "condensate 502 km; condensate/gas 9 km; gas 28,603 km; liquid petroleum gas 59 km; oil 5,256 km; oil/gas/water 175 km; refined products 4,919 km; water 255 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "16,454 km", - "broad_gauge": "303 km 1.600-m gauge (in Northern Ireland)", - "standard_gauge": "16,151 km 1.435-m gauge (5,248 km electrified) (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "394,428 km", - "paved": "394,428 km (includes 3,519 km of expressways) (2009)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "3,200 km (620 km used for commerce) (2009)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "504", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 33, cargo 76, carrier 4, chemical tanker 58, container 178, liquefied gas 6, passenger 7, passenger/cargo 66, petroleum tanker 18, refrigerated cargo 2, roll on/roll off 31, vehicle carrier 25", - "foreign_owned": "271 (Australia 1, Bermuda 6, China 7, Denmark 43, France 39, Germany 59, Hong Kong 12, Ireland 1, Italy 3, Japan 5, Netherlands 1, Norway 32, Sweden 28, Taiwan 11, Tanzania 1, UAE 8, US 14)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "308 (Algeria 15, Antigua and Barbuda 1, Argentina 2, Australia 5, Bahamas 18, Barbados 6, Belgium 2, Belize 4, Bermuda 14, Bolivia 1, Brunei 2, Cambodia 1, Cape Verde 1, Cayman Islands 2, Comoros 1, Cook Islands 2, Cyprus 7, Georgia 5, Gibraltar 6, Greece 6, Honduras 1, Hong Kong 33, Indonesia 2, Italy 2, Liberia 22, Liberia 32, Luxembourg 5, Malta 21, Marshall Islands 12, Marshall Islands 3, Moldova 3, Nigeria 2, NZ 1, Panama 37, Panama 5, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 6, Sierra Leone 1, Singapore 6, Thailand 6, Tonga 1, US 4, unknown 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Dover, Felixstowe, Immingham, Liverpool, London, Southampton, Teesport (England); Forth Ports (Scotland); Milford Haven (Wales)", - "oil_terminals": "Fawley Marine terminal, Liverpool Bay terminal (England); Braefoot Bay terminal, Finnart oil terminal, Hound Point terminal (Scotland)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Army, Royal Navy (includes Royal Marines), Royal Air Force (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "16-33 years of age (officers 17-28) for voluntary military service (with parental consent under 18); no conscription; women serve in military services, but are excluded from ground combat positions and some naval postings; as of October 2009, women comprised 12.1% of officers and 9% of enlisted personnel in the regular forces; must be citizen of the UK, Commonwealth, or Republic of Ireland; reservists serve a minimum of 3 years, to age 45 or 55; 17 years 6 months of age for voluntary military service by Nepalese citizens in the Brigade of Gurkhas; 16-34 years of age for voluntary military service by Papua New Guinean citizens (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "14,856,917", - "females_age_16_49": "14,307,316 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "12,255,452", - "females_age_16_49": "11,779,679 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "383,989", - "female": "365,491 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "2.5% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "in 2002, Gibraltar residents voted overwhelmingly by referendum to reject any \"shared sovereignty\" arrangement between the UK and Spain; the Government of Gibraltar insisted on equal participation in talks between the two countries; Spain disapproved of UK plans to grant Gibraltar greater autonomy; Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Archipelago (British Indian Ocean Territory); in 2001, the former inhabitants of the archipelago, evicted 1967 - 1973, were granted U.K. citizenship and the right of return, followed by Orders in Council in 2004 that banned rehabitation, a High Court ruling reversed the ban, a Court of Appeal refusal to hear the case, and a Law Lords' decision in 2008 denied the right of return; in addition, the United Kingdom created the world's largest marine protection area around the Chagos islands prohibiting the extraction of any natural resources therein; UK rejects sovereignty talks requested by Argentina, which still claims the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; territorial claim in Antarctica (British Antarctic Territory) overlaps Argentine claim and partially overlaps Chilean claim; Iceland, the UK, and Ireland dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "15,132 (Somalia); 12,155 (Zimbabwe); 11,428 (Iran); 9,901 (Eritrea); 9,842 (Afghanistan); 5,752 (Iraq) (2012)", - "stateless_persons": "205 (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "producer of limited amounts of synthetic drugs and synthetic precursor chemicals; major consumer of Southwest Asian heroin, Latin American cocaine, and synthetic drugs; money-laundering center" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/ge-georgia.json b/europe/ge-georgia.json deleted file mode 100644 index 4c965e93..00000000 --- a/europe/ge-georgia.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,625 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The region of present day Georgia contained the ancient kingdoms of Colchis and Kartli-Iberia. The area came under Roman influence in the first centuries A.D., and Christianity became the state religion in the 330s. Domination by Persians, Arabs, and Turks was followed by a Georgian golden age (11th-13th centuries) that was cut short by the Mongol invasion of 1236. Subsequently, the Ottoman and Persian empires competed for influence in the region. Georgia was absorbed into the Russian Empire in the 19th century. Independent for three years (1918-1921) following the Russian revolution, it was forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1921 and regained its independence when the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991. Mounting public discontent over rampant corruption and ineffective government services, followed by an attempt by the incumbent Georgian Government to manipulate national legislative elections in November 2003 touched off widespread protests that led to the resignation of Eduard SHEVARDNADZE, president since 1995. In the aftermath of that popular movement, which became known as the \"Rose Revolution,\" new elections in early 2004 swept Mikheil SAAKASHVILI into power along with his United National Movement (UNM) party. Progress on market reforms and democratization has been made in the years since independence, but this progress has been complicated by Russian assistance and support to the separatist regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Periodic flare-ups in tension and violence culminated in a five-day conflict in August 2008 between Russia and Georgia, including the invasion of large portions of undisputed Georgian territory. Russian troops pledged to pull back from most occupied Georgian territory, but in late August 2008 Russia unilaterally recognized the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, and Russian military forces remain in those regions. Billionaire philanthropist Bidzina IVANISHVILI's unexpected entry into politics in October 2011 brought the divided opposition together under his Georgian Dream coalition, which won a majority of seats in the October 2012 parliamentary election and removed UNM from power. A new constitution shifting many powers from the president to the prime minister and parliament, including the power to name the prime minister and government ministers, does not go into effect until after a new president is elected in the fall of 2013. Conceding defeat, SAAKASHVILI named IVANISHVILI as prime minister and allowed Georgian Dream to create a new government. Tensions remain high as IVANISHVILI, SAAKASHVILI, and their supporters struggle to co-exist until the end of the president's term." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southwestern Asia, bordering the Black Sea, between Turkey and Russia, with a sliver of land north of the Caucasus extending into Europe; note - Georgia views itself as part of Europe" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "42 00 N, 43 30 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Middle East" - }, - "area": { - "total": "69,700 sq km", - "land": "69,700 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than South Carolina" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,461 km", - "border_countries": "Armenia 164 km, Azerbaijan 322 km, Russia 723 km, Turkey 252 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "310 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "largely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in the north and Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south; Kolkhet'is Dablobi (Kolkhida Lowland) opens to the Black Sea in the west; Mtkvari River Basin in the east; good soils in river valley flood plains, foothills of Kolkhida Lowland" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Black Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Mt'a Shkhara 5,201 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "timber, hydropower, manganese deposits, iron ore, copper, minor coal and oil deposits; coastal climate and soils allow for important tea and citrus growth" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "5.94%", - "permanent_crops": "1.65%", - "other": "92.41% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "4,328 sq km (2007)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "63.33 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "1.81 cu km/yr (20%/22%/58%)", - "per_capita": "410.6 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "earthquakes" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "air pollution, particularly in Rust'avi; heavy pollution of Mtkvari River and the Black Sea; inadequate supplies of potable water; soil pollution from toxic chemicals" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategically located east of the Black Sea; Georgia controls much of the Caucasus Mountains and the routes through them" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Georgian(s)", - "adjective": "Georgian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Georgian 83.8%, Azeri 6.5%, Armenian 5.7%, Russian 1.5%, other 2.5% (2002 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Georgian (official) 71%, Russian 9%, Armenian 7%, Azeri 6%, other 7%", - "note": "Abkhaz is the official language in Abkhazia" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Orthodox Christian (official) 83.9%, Muslim 9.9%, Armenian-Gregorian 3.9%, Catholic 0.8%, other 0.8%, none 0.7% (2002 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "4,555,911 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "15.4% (male 373,539/female 327,139)", - "15_24_years": "14% (male 326,910/female 309,245)", - "25_54_years": "42.2% (male 926,172/female 994,432)", - "55_64_years": "12.3% (male 255,905/female 305,652)", - "65_years_and_over": "16.2% (male 293,435/female 443,482) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "47.7 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "26.4 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "21.3 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "4.7 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "39.6 years", - "male": "37.1 years", - "female": "42.1 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.33% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "10.72 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "10.17 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-3.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "52.8% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "-0.37% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "TBILISI (capital) 1.115 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.1 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.15 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.93 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.84 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.66 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.91 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "23.9 (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "67 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "14.21 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "16.07 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "12.16 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "77.51 years", - "male": "74.17 years", - "female": "81.17 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.46 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "53.4%", - "note": "percent of women aged 15-44 (2010)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "10.1% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "4.54 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "3.1 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 96% of population; total: 98% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 4% of population; total: 2% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 96% of population; rural: 93% of population; total: 95% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 4% of population; rural: 7% of population; total: 5% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "3,500 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "22.1% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "1.1% (2009)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "2.7% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99.7%", - "male": "99.8%", - "female": "99.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "13.2 years (2009)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "113,106", - "percentage": "18 % (2005 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "35.6% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "none", - "conventional_short_form": "Georgia", - "local_long_form": "none", - "local_short_form": "Sak'art'velo", - "former": "Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Tbilisi", - "geographic_coordinates": "41 41 N, 44 50 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "9 regions (mkharebi, singular - mkhare), 1 city (k'alak'i), and 2 autonomous republics (avtomnoy respubliki, singular - avtom respublika)", - "regions": "Guria, Imereti, Kakheti, Kvemo Kartli, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, Samegrelo and Zemo Svaneti, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Shida Kartli", - "city": "Tbilisi", - "autonomous_republics": "Abkhazia or Ap'khazet'is Avtonomiuri Respublika (Sokhumi), Ajaria or Acharis Avtonomiuri Respublika (Bat'umi)", - "note": "the administrative centers of the two autonomous republics are shown in parentheses" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "9 April 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier date: A.D. 1008 (Georgia unified under King BAGRAT III)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 26 May (1918); note - 26 May 1918 was the date of independence from Soviet Russia, 9 April 1991 was the date of independence from the Soviet Union" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "adopted 24 August 1995" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Mikheil SAAKASHVILI (since 25 January 2004); the president is the chief of state and serves as head of government for the power ministries of internal affairs, justice, and defense", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Bidzina IVANISHVILI (since 25 October 2012); the prime minister is head of government for all the ministries of government except the power ministries of internal affairs, justice, and defense", - "cabinet": "Cabinet of Ministers", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 5 January 2008 (next to be held in October 2013)", - "election_results": "Mikheil SAAKASHVILI reelected president; percent of vote - Mikheil SAAKASHVILI 53.5%, Levan GACHECHILADZE 25.7%, Badri PATARKATSISHVILI 7.1%, other 13.7%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament or Parlamenti (150 seats; 77 members elected by proportional representation, 73 elected in single-member constituencies; members to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 1 October 2012 (next to be held in 2016)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - Georgian Dream 55%, United National Movement 40.3%, other 4.7%; seats by party - Georgian Dream 85, United National Movement 65" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (organized into several specialized judicial chambers; number of judges determined by the president of Georgia); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges) note - the Abkhazian and Ajarian Autonomous republics each have a supreme court and a hierarchy of lower courts", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the Parliament; judges serve not less than 10-year terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president following candidate selection by the Justice Council of Georgia, a 12-member consultative body of high-level judges, and presidential and parliamentary appointees; judges appointed for 10-year terms", - "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal; regional (town) and district courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Christian Democratic Movement [Giorgi TARGAMADZE]; Conservative Party [Zviad DZIDZIGURI]; Democratic Movement United Georgia [Nino BURJANADZE]; For Fair Georgia [Zurab NOGAIDELI]; Georgian Dream (a six-party coalition composed of Georgian Dream-Democratic Georgia, Republican Party, Our Georgia-Free Democrats, National Forum, Conservative Party, and Industry Will Save Georgia); Georgian Dream-Democratic Georgia [Bidzina IVANISHVILI, honorary chairman]; Georgian People's Front [Nodar NATADZE]; Greens [Giorgi GACHECHILADZE]; Industry Will Save Georgia (Industrialists) or IWSG [Georgi TOPADZE]; Labor Party [Shalva NATELASHVILI]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Bachuki KARDAVA]; National Forum [Kakhaber SHARTAVA]; New Rights [Pikria CHIKHRADZE]; Our Georgia-Free Democrats (OGFD) [Irakli KADAGIDZE]; People's Party [Koba DAVITASHVILI; Republican Party [David USUPASHVILI]; Traditionalists [Akaki ASATIANI]; United National Movement or UNM [Vano MERABISHVILI]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "separatists in the occupied regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB, BSEC, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, G-11, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Archil GEGESHIDZE", - "chancery": "2209 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 387-2390", - "fax": "[1] (202) 387-0864", - "consulates_general": "New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Richard NORLAND", - "embassy": "11 George Balanchine Street, T'bilisi 0131", - "mailing_address": "7060 T'bilisi Place, Washington, DC 20521-7060", - "telephone": "[995] (32) 227-70-00", - "fax": "[995] (32) 253-23-10" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "white rectangle with a central red cross extending to all four sides of the flag; each of the four quadrants displays a small red bolnur-katskhuri cross; although adopted as the official Georgian flag in 2004, the five-cross flag design appears to date back to the 14th century" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Saint George; lion" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Tavisupleba\" (Liberty)", - "lyrics_music": "Dawit MAGRADSE/Zakaria PALIASHVILI (adapted by Joseb KETSCHAKMADSE)", - "note": "adopted 2004; after the Rose Revolution, a new anthem with music based on the operas \"Abesalom da Eteri\" and \"Daisi\" was adopted" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Georgia's main economic activities include the cultivation of agricultural products such as grapes, citrus fruits, and hazelnuts; mining of manganese, copper, and gold; and output of a small industrial sector producing alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages, metals, machinery, and chemicals. The country imports nearly all its needed supplies of natural gas and oil products. It has sizeable hydropower capacity that now provides most of its energy needs. Georgia has overcome the chronic energy shortages and gas supply interruptions of the past by renovating hydropower plants and by increasingly relying on natural gas imports from Azerbaijan instead of from Russia. Construction of the Baku-T'bilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline, the Baku-T'bilisi-Erzerum gas pipeline, and the Kars-Akhalkalaki Railroad are part of a strategy to capitalize on Georgia's strategic location between Europe and Asia and develop its role as a transit point for gas, oil, and other goods. Georgia's economy sustained GDP growth of more than 10% in 2006-07, based on strong inflows of foreign investment and robust government spending. However, GDP growth slowed following the August 2008 conflict with Russia, and sunk to negative 4 percent in 2009 as foreign direct investment and workers' remittances declined in the wake of the global financial crisis. The economy rebounded in 2010-12, with growth rates above 6% per year, but FDI inflows, the engine of Georgian economic growth prior to the 2008 conflict, have not recovered fully. Unemployment has also remained high at above 15%. Georgia has historically suffered from a chronic failure to collect tax revenues; however, the government, since coming to power in 2004, has simplified the tax code, improved tax administration, increased tax enforcement, and cracked down on petty corruption, leading to higher revenues. The country is pinning its hopes for renewed growth on a determined effort to continue to liberalize the economy by reducing regulation, taxes, and corruption in order to attract foreign investment, with a focus on hydropower, agriculture, tourism, and textiles production. Since 2004, the government has taken a series of actions against endemic corruption, including reform of the traffic police and implementation of a fair examination system for entering the university system. The government has received high marks from the World Bank for its anti-corruption efforts." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$27.11 billion (2012 est.); $25.44 billion (2011 est.); $23.74 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$15.93 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "6.5% (2012 est.); 7.2% (2011 est.); 6.3% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$6,000 (2012 est.); $5,700 (2011 est.); $5,400 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "11.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 12.4% of GDP (2011 est.); 10.2% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "77%", - "government_consumption": "19%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "22.8%", - "investment_in_inventories": "1.3%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "36.2%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-56.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "7.8%", - "industry": "23%", - "services": "69.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "citrus, grapes, tea, hazelnuts, vegetables; livestock" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "steel, machine tools, electrical appliances, mining (manganese, copper, and gold), chemicals, wood products, wine" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "4.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "1.959 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "55.6%", - "industry": "8.9%", - "services": "35.5% (2006 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "15.1% (2011 est.); 16.3% (2010 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "9.2% (2010)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2%", - "highest_10%": "31.3% (2008)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "46 (2011); 37.1 (1996)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$4.421 billion", - "expenditures": "$4.905 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "27.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "36.3% of GDP (2012 est.); 36.5% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities; Georgia does not maintain intra-governmental debt or social funds" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "-0.9% (2012 est.); 8.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "5.25% (31 December 2012); 6.5% (31 January 2012)", - "note": "this is the Refinancing Rate, the key monetary policy rate of the National Bank of Georgia" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "20.2% (31 December 2012 est.); 25.87% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$1.965 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.737 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$4.72 billion (31 September 2012 est.); $4.249 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$5.518 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.973 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$795.7 million (31 December 2011); $1.06 billion (31 December 2010); $733.3 million (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$1.669 billion (2012 est.); -$1.799 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$3.305 billion (2012 est.); $3.223 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "vehicles, ferro-alloys, fertilizers, nuts, scrap metal, gold, copper ores" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Azerbaijan 13.8%, US 8.5%, Germany 8.3%, Bulgaria 7.4%, Kazakhstan 7%, Turkey 6.4%, Ukraine 6.3%, Lebanon 5.7%, Canada 4.2% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$6.628 billion (2012 est.); $6.644 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "fuels, vehicles, machinery and parts, grain and other foods, pharmaceuticals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Turkey 13.9%, China 8.2%, Ukraine 8.2%, Russia 7.4%, Azerbaijan 7.1%, US 6%, Germany 5.6%, Bulgaria 4% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$2.873 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.818 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$13.36 billion (31 December 2012); $11.12 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$9.305 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $9.305 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$741.6 million (31 December 2011 est.); $660.3 million (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "laris (GEL) per US dollar -; 1.6513 (2012 est.); 1.6865 (2011 est.); 1.7823 (2010 est.); 1.6705 (2009 est.); 1.47 (2008 est.)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "9.694 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "9.379 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "528 million kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "614 million kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "4.538 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "37.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "62.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "979.5 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "531 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "33.19 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "858 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "17,280 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "18,500 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "9.151 million cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "1.97 billion cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "1.96 billion cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "93.41 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "5.302 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "1.345 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "4.43 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "fixed-line telecommunications network has limited coverage outside Tbilisi; multiple mobile-cellular providers provide services to an increasing subscribership throughout the country", - "domestic": "cellular telephone networks cover the entire country; mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 100 per 100 people; intercity facilities include a fiber-optic line between T'bilisi and K'ut'aisi", - "international": "country code - 995; the Georgia-Russia fiber-optic submarine cable provides connectivity to Russia; international service is available by microwave, landline, and satellite through the Moscow switch; international electronic mail and telex service are available (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "1 public broadcaster in Tbilisi, 1 state-owned broadcaster in Ajaria Autonomous Republic; 8 privately owned TV stations; state run public broadcaster operates 2 TV stations; dozens of cable TV operators, several major commercial TV stations, and several dozen private radio stations; state run public broadcaster operates 2 radio stations (2012)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ge" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "357,864 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "1.3 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "22 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "18", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "7", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", - "914_to_1_523_m": "5", - "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "4", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "2 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 1,596 km; oil 1,175 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "1,612 km", - "broad_gauge": "1,575 km 1.520-m gauge (1,575 km electrified)", - "narrow_gauge": "37 km 0.912-m gauge (37 km electrified) (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "19,109 km", - "paved": "19,109 km (includes 69 km of expressways) (2010)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "142", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 13, cargo 114, chemical tanker 1, container 1, liquefied gas 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 3, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 5, vehicle carrier 2", - "foreign_owned": "95 (Bulgaria 1, China 10, Egypt 7, Hong Kong 3, Israel 1, Italy 2, Latvia 1, Lebanon 1, Romania 7, Russia 6, Syria 24, Turkey 14, UAE 2, UK 5, Ukraine 10, US 1)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "1 (unknown 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Black Sea - Bat'umi, P'ot'i" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Georgian Armed Forces: Land Forces (include Air and Air Defense Forces); separatist Abkhazia Armed Forces: Ground Forces, Air Forces; separatist South Ossetia Armed Forces", - "note": "Georgian naval forces have been incorporated into the coast guard, which is not part of the Defense Ministry (2011)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 to 34 years of age for compulsory and voluntary active duty military service; conscript service obligation is 18 months (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,080,840", - "females_age_16_49": "1,122,031 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "893,003", - "females_age_16_49": "931,683 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "29,723", - "female": "27,242 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.9% of GDP (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Russia's military support and subsequent recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia independence in 2008 continue to sour relations with Georgia" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "idps": "261,400 - 274,000 (displaced in the 1990s and 2008 from Abkhazia and South Ossetia) (2011)", - "stateless_persons": "1,156 (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "limited cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for domestic consumption; used as transshipment point for opiates via Central Asia to Western Europe and Russia" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/gr-greece.json b/europe/gr-greece.json deleted file mode 100644 index 63d6d0a6..00000000 --- a/europe/gr-greece.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,624 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Greece achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1830. During the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, it gradually added neighboring islands and territories, most with Greek-speaking populations. In World War II, Greece was first invaded by Italy (1940) and subsequently occupied by Germany (1941-44); fighting endured in a protracted civil war between supporters of the king and other anti-communist and communist rebels. Following the latter's defeat in 1949, Greece joined NATO in 1952. In 1967, a group of military officers seized power, establishing a military dictatorship that suspended many political liberties and forced the king to flee the country. In 1974, democratic elections and a referendum created a parliamentary republic and abolished the monarchy. In 1981, Greece joined the EC (now the EU); it became the 12th member of the European Economic and Monetary Union in 2001. In 2010, the prospect of a Greek default on its euro-denominated debt created severe strains within the EMU and raised the question of whether a member country might voluntarily leave the common currency or be removed." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southern Europe, bordering the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea, between Albania and Turkey" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "39 00 N, 22 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "131,957 sq km", - "land": "130,647 sq km", - "water": "1,310 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Alabama" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,228 km", - "border_countries": "Albania 282 km, Bulgaria 494 km, Turkey 206 km, Macedonia 246 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "13,676 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly mountains with ranges extending into the sea as peninsulas or chains of islands" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Mediterranean Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Mount Olympus 2,917 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "lignite, petroleum, iron ore, bauxite, lead, zinc, nickel, magnesite, marble, salt, hydropower potential" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "18.95%", - "permanent_crops": "8.73%", - "other": "72.32% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "15,550 sq km (2007)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "74.25 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "9.47 cu km/yr (9%/2%/89%)", - "per_capita": "841.4 cu m/yr (2007)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "severe earthquakes", - "volcanism": "Santorini (elev. 367 m) has been deemed a \"Decade Volcano\" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; although there have been very few eruptions in recent centuries, Methana and Nisyros in the Aegean are classified as historically active" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "air pollution; water pollution" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location dominating the Aegean Sea and southern approach to Turkish Straits; a peninsular country, possessing an archipelago of about 2,000 islands" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Greek(s)", - "adjective": "Greek" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "population: Greek 93%, other (foreign citizens) 7% (2001 census)", - "note": "percents represent citizenship, since Greece does not collect data on ethnicity" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Greek (official) 99%, other (includes English and French) 1%" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Greek Orthodox (official) 98%, Muslim 1.3%, other 0.7%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "10,772,967 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "14.1% (male 783,710/female 737,850)", - "15_24_years": "9.8% (male 541,603/female 519,170)", - "25_54_years": "43.5% (male 2,334,949/female 2,349,421)", - "55_64_years": "12.5% (male 661,324/female 684,639)", - "65_years_and_over": "20.1% (male 945,277/female 1,215,024) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "52.3 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "22.3 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "29.9 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "3.3 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "43.2 years", - "male": "42.1 years", - "female": "44.3 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.04% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "8.94 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "10.9 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "2.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "61% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "ATHENS (capital) 3.252 million; Thessaloniki 834,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.97 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.78 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.96 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "29.2 (2007 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "3 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "4.85 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "5.33 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "4.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "80.18 years", - "male": "77.59 years", - "female": "82.93 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.4 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "76.2%", - "note": "percent of women aged 16-45 (2001)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "10.3% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "6.04 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "4.8 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 99% of population; total: 100% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 1% of population; total: 0% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 97% of population; total: 98% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 3% of population; total: 2% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "8,800 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 500 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "20.1% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "4.1% of GDP (2005)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "97.3%", - "male": "98.4%", - "female": "96.3% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "16 years", - "male": "16 years", - "female": "16 years (2007)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "44.4%", - "male": "38.5%", - "female": "51.5% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Hellenic Republic", - "conventional_short_form": "Greece", - "local_long_form": "Elliniki Dimokratia", - "local_short_form": "Ellas or Ellada", - "former": "Kingdom of Greece" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Athens", - "geographic_coordinates": "37 59 N, 23 44 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "13 regions (perifereies, singular - perifereia) and 1 autonomous monastic state* (aftonomi monastiki politeia); Agion Oros* (Mount Athos), Anatoliki Makedonia kai Thraki (East Macedonia and Thrace), Attiki (Attica), Dytiki Ellada (West Greece), Dytiki Makedonia (West Macedonia), Ionia Nisia (Ionian Islands), Ipeiros (Epirus), Kentriki Makedonia (Central Macedonia), Kriti (Crete), Notio Aigaio (South Aegean), Peloponnisos (Peloponnese), Sterea Ellada (Central Greece), Thessalia (Thessaly), Voreio Aigaio (North Aegean)" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "1830 (from the Ottoman Empire)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 25 March (1821)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "11 June 1975; amended March 1986, April 2001, and May 2008" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil legal system based on Roman law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Karolos PAPOULIAS (since 12 March 2005)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Antonis SAMARAS (since 20 June 2012)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister", - "elections": "president elected by parliament for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 3 February 2010 (next to be held by February 2015); president appoints leader of the party securing plurality of vote in election to become prime minister and form a government", - "election_results": "Karolos PAPOULIAS reelected president; number of parliamentary votes, 266 out of 300" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament or Vouli ton Ellinon (300 seats; members elected by direct popular vote to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 17 June 2012 (next to be held by 2016); note - there was a legislative election on 6 May 2012 in which none of the leaders of the top three parties (New Democracy, Coalition of the Radical Left, and the Panhellenic Socialist Movement) were able to form a government", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - ND 29.7%, SYRIZA 26.9%, PASOK 12.3%, ANEL 7.5%, Golden Dawn 6.9%, DIMAR 6.3%, KKE 4.5%, other 6.0%; seats by party - ND 129, SYRIZA 71, PASOK 33, ANEL 20, Golden Dawn 18, DIMAR 17, KKE 12; note - only parties surpassing a 3% threshold are entitled to parliamentary seats; parties need 10 seats to become formal parliamentary groups, but can retain that status if the party participated in the last election and received the minimum 3% threshold" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Hellenic Supreme Court of Civil and Penal Law (consists of 56 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges selected by the Supreme Judicial Council which includes the president of the Supreme Court, other judges, and the prosecutor of the Supreme Court; judges appointed for life following a 2-year probationary period", - "subordinate_courts": "Supreme Administrative Court; Courts of Appeal; Courts of First Instance; Court of Auditors" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Anticapitalist Left Cooperation for the Overthrow or ANTARSYA [Petros KONSTANTINOU]; Coalition of the Radical Left or SYRIZA [Alexis TSIPRAS]; Communist Party of Greece or KKE [Dimitris KOUTSOUMPAS]; Democratic Left or DIMAR [Fotis KOUVELIS]; Democratic Alliance or DISY [Theodora (or Dora) BAKOGIANNI]; Ecologist Greens [Nikos CHRYSOGELOS]; Golden Dawn [Nikolaos MICHALOLIAKOS]; Independent Greeks or ANEL [Panos KAMMENOS]; New Democracy or ND [Antonis SAMARAS]; Panhellenic Socialist Movement or PASOK [Evangelos VENIZELOS]; Popular Orthodox Rally or LAOS [Georgios KARATZAFERIS]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Civil Servants Confederation or ADEDY [Spyros PAPASPYROS]; Federation of Greek Industries or SEV [Dimitris DASKALOPOULOS]; General Confederation of Greek Workers or GSEE [Ioannis PANAGOPOULOS]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Christos P. PANAGOPOULOUS", - "chancery": "2217 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 939-1300", - "fax": "[1] (202) 939-1324", - "consulates_general": "Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, Tampa (FL), San Francisco", - "consulates": "Atlanta, Houston, New Orleans" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Daniel Bennett SMITH", - "embassy": "91 Vasillisis Sophias Avenue, 10160 Athens", - "mailing_address": "PSC 108, APO AE 09842-0108", - "telephone": "[30] (210) 721-2951", - "fax": "[30] (210) 645-6282", - "consulates_general": "Thessaloniki (2012)" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "nine equal horizontal stripes of blue alternating with white; a blue square bearing a white cross appears in the upper hoist-side corner; the cross symbolizes Greek Orthodoxy, the established religion of the country; there is no agreed upon meaning for the nine stripes or for the colors; the exact shade of blue has never been set by law and has varied from a light to a dark blue over time" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Greek cross (white cross on blue field; arms equal length)" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Ymnos eis tin Eleftherian\" (Hymn to Liberty)", - "lyrics_music": "Dionysios SOLOMOS/Nikolaos MANTZAROS", - "note": "adopted 1864; the anthem is based on a 158 verse poem by the same name, which was inspired by the Greek Revolution of 1821 against the Ottomans; Cyprus also uses \"Hymn to Liberty\" as its anthem" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Greece has a capitalist economy with a public sector accounting for about 40% of GDP and with per capita GDP about two-thirds that of the leading euro-zone economies. Tourism provides 15% of GDP. Immigrants make up nearly one-fifth of the work force, mainly in agricultural and unskilled jobs. Greece is a major beneficiary of EU aid, equal to about 3.3% of annual GDP. The Greek economy grew by nearly 4% per year between 2003 and 2007, due partly to infrastructural spending related to the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, and in part to an increased availability of credit, which has sustained record levels of consumer spending. But the economy went into recession in 2009 as a result of the world financial crisis, tightening credit conditions, and Athens' failure to address a growing budget deficit. The economy contracted by 2.3% in 2009, 3.5% in 2010, 6.9% in 2011, and 6.0% in 2012. Greece violated the EU's Growth and Stability Pact budget deficit criterion of no more than 3% of GDP from 2001 to 2006, but finally met that criterion in 2007-08, before exceeding it again in 2009, with the deficit reaching 15% of GDP. Austerity measures reduced the deficit to about 8% in 2012. Deteriorating public finances, inaccurate and misreported statistics, and consistent underperformance on reforms prompted major credit rating agencies to downgrade Greece's international debt rating in late 2009, and has led the country into a financial crisis. Under intense pressure from the EU and international market participants, the government adopted a medium-term austerity program that includes cutting government spending, decreasing tax evasion, overhauling the health-care and pension systems, and reforming the labor and product markets. Athens, however, faces long-term challenges to push through unpopular reforms in the face of widespread unrest from the country's powerful labor unions and the general public. In April 2010 a leading credit agency assigned Greek debt its lowest possible credit rating; in May 2010, the International Monetary Fund and Euro-Zone governments provided Greece emergency short- and medium-term loans worth $147 billion so that the country could make debt repayments to creditors. In exchange for the largest bailout ever assembled, the government announced combined spending cuts and tax increases totaling $40 billion over three years, on top of the tough austerity measures already taken. Greece, however, struggled to meet 2010 targets set by the EU and the IMF, especially after Eurostat - the EU's statistical office - revised upward Greece's deficit and debt numbers for 2009 and 2010. European leaders and the IMF agreed in October 2011 to provide Athens a second bailout package of $169 billion. The second deal however, calls for Greece's creditors to write down a significant portion of their Greek government bond holdings. In exchange for the second loan Greece has promised to introduce an additional $7.8 billion in austerity measures during 2013-15. However, these massive austerity cuts are lengthening Greece's economic recession and depressing tax revenues. Greece's lenders are calling on Athens to step up efforts to increase tax collection, privatize public enterprises, and rein in health spending, and are planning to give Greece more time to shore up its economy and finances. Many investors doubt that Greece can sustain fiscal efforts in the face of a bleak economic outlook, public discontent, and political instability." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$281.4 billion (2012 est.); $300.6 billion (2011 est.); $323.6 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$249.2 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "-6.4% (2012 est.); -7.1% (2011 est.); -4.9% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$24,900 (2012 est.); $26,400 (2011 est.); $28,500 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "10.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 6.2% of GDP (2011 est.); 7.4% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "73.7%", - "government_consumption": "17.8%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "12.6%", - "investment_in_inventories": "1%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "27%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-32% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "3.4%", - "industry": "16%", - "services": "80.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "wheat, corn, barley, sugar beets, olives, tomatoes, wine, tobacco, potatoes; beef, dairy products" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "tourism, food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, metal products; mining, petroleum" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-6.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "4.95 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "12.4%", - "industry": "22.4%", - "services": "65.1% (2005 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "24.3% (2012 est.); 17.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "20% (2009 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.5%", - "highest_10%": "26% (2000 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "33 (2005); 35.4 (1998)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$111.4 billion", - "expenditures": "$136.4 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "44.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-10% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "156.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 170.3% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "1.5% (2012 est.); 3.3% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "1.5% (31 December 2012); 1.75% (31 December 2010)", - "note": "this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "7.33% (31 December 2012 est.); 7.15% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$116.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $126.4 billion (31 December 2011 est.)", - "note": "see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$251.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $262.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$343.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $413.4 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$33.65 billion (31 December 2011); $72.64 billion (31 December 2010); $54.72 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$16.68 billion (2012 est.); -$29.36 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$28.31 billion (2012 est.); $28.16 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "food and beverages, manufactured goods, petroleum products, chemicals, textiles" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Turkey 10.8%, Italy 7.7%, Germany 6.4%, Bulgaria 5.6%, Cyprus 5% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$53.53 billion (2012 est.); $66.05 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery, transport equipment, fuels, chemicals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Russia 12.4%, France 7.5%, Italy 7.8%, Saudi Arabia 5.7%, Netherlands 4.7% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$7.255 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$576.6 billion (31 December 2012); $478.7 billion (31 December 2011)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$37.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $29.17 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$43.73 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $43.7 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -; 0.7778 (2012 est.); 0.7185 (2011 est.); 0.755 (2010 est.); 0.7198 (2009 est.); 0.6827 (2008 est.)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "57.11 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "58.71 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "2.571 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "8.517 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "14.36 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "70.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "17% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "8.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "1,751 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "19,960 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "355,600 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "10 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "440,200 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "343,400 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "161,400 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "140,800 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "1 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "4.737 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "4.762 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "991.1 million cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "92.99 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "5.745 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "12.128 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "adequate, modern networks reach all areas; good mobile telephone and international service", - "domestic": "microwave radio relay trunk system; extensive open-wire connections; submarine cable to offshore islands", - "international": "country code - 30; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 optical telecommunications submarine cable that provides links to Europe, Middle East, and Asia; a number of smaller submarine cables provide connectivity to various parts of Europe, the Middle East, and Cyprus; tropospheric scatter; satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean, 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat - Indian Ocean region)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "broadcast media dominated by the private sector; roughly 150 private TV channels, about a dozen of the private channels broadcast at the national or regional level; 3 publicly owned terrestrial TV channels with national coverage, 1 publicly owned satellite channel, and 3 stations designed for digital terrestrial transmissions; multi-channel satellite and cable TV services available; upwards of 1,500 radio stations, nearly all of them privately owned; state-run broadcaster has 7 national stations, 2 international stations, and 19 regional stations (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".gr" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "3.201 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "4.971 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "77 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "68", - "over_3_047_m": "6", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "15", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "19", - "914_to_1_523_m": "18", - "under_914_m": "10 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "9", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2", - "under_914_m": "7 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "9 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 1,329 km; oil 94 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "2,548 km", - "standard_gauge": "1,565 km 1.435-m gauge (764 km electrified)", - "narrow_gauge": "961 km 1.000-m gauge; 22 km 0.750-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "116,960 km", - "paved": "41,357 km (includes 1,091 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "75,603 km (2010)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "6 km (the 6 km long Corinth Canal crosses the Isthmus of Corinth; it shortens a sea voyage by 325 km) (2012)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "860", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 262, cargo 49, carrier 1, chemical tanker 68, container 35, liquefied gas 13, passenger 7, passenger/cargo 109, petroleum tanker 302, roll on/roll off 14", - "foreign_owned": "42 (Belgium 17, Bermuda 3, Cyprus 3, Italy 5, UK 6, US 8)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "2,459 (Antigua and Barbuda 4, Bahamas 225, Barbados 14, Belize 2, Bermuda 8, Brazil 1, Cambodia 2, Cape Verde 1, Cayman Islands 9, Comoros 4, Curacao 1, Cyprus 201, Dominica 4, Egypt 8, Gibraltar 8, Honduras 4, Hong Kong 27, Indonesia 1, Isle of Man 62, Italy 7, Jamaica 3, Liberia 505, Malta 469, Marshall Islands 408, Mexico 2, Moldova 1, Panama 379, Philippines 5, Portugal 2, Saint Kitts and Nevis 2, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 42, Sao Tome and Principe 1, Saudi Arabia 4, Singapore 22, UAE 3, Uruguay 1, Vanuatu 3, Venezuela 4, unknown 10) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Aspropyrgos, Pachi, Piraeus, Thessaloniki", - "oil_gas_terminals": "Agioi Theodoroi" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Hellenic Army (Ellinikos Stratos, ES), Hellenic Navy (Elliniko Polemiko Navtiko, EPN), Hellenic Air Force (Elliniki Polemiki Aeroporia, EPA) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "19-45 years of age for compulsory military service; during wartime the law allows for recruitment beginning January of the year of inductee's 18th birthday, thus including 17 year olds; 18 years of age for volunteers; conscript service obligation is 1 year for all services; women are eligible for voluntary military service (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,485,389", - "females_age_16_49": "2,469,854 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,032,378", - "females_age_16_49": "2,016,552 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "52,754", - "female": "49,485 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "4.3% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Greece and Turkey continue discussions to resolve their complex maritime, air, territorial, and boundary disputes in the Aegean Sea; Greece rejects the use of the name Macedonia or Republic of Macedonia; the mass migration of unemployed Albanians still remains a problem for developed countries, chiefly Greece and Italy" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "stateless_persons": "154 (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine transits or is consumed in Greece; money laundering related to drug trafficking and organized crime" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/hr-croatia.json b/europe/hr-croatia.json deleted file mode 100644 index c6b886bf..00000000 --- a/europe/hr-croatia.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,615 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The lands that today comprise Croatia were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the close of World War I. In 1918, the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes formed a kingdom known after 1929 as Yugoslavia. Following World War II, Yugoslavia became a federal independent communist state under the strong hand of Marshal TITO. Although Croatia declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, it took four years of sporadic, but often bitter, fighting before occupying Serb armies were mostly cleared from Croatian lands, along with a majority of Croatia's ethnic Serb population. Under UN supervision, the last Serb-held enclave in eastern Slavonia was returned to Croatia in 1998. The country joined NATO in April 2009 and the EU in July 2013." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "45 10 N, 15 30 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "56,594 sq km", - "land": "55,974 sq km", - "water": "620 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than West Virginia" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,982 km", - "border_countries": "Bosnia and Herzegovina 932 km, Hungary 329 km, Serbia 241 km, Montenegro 25 km, Slovenia 455 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "5,835 km (mainland 1,777 km, islands 4,058 km)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Adriatic Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Dinara 1,831 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, gypsum, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "15.85%", - "permanent_crops": "1.47%", - "other": "82.69% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "36.27 sq km (2010)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "105.5 cu km (2011)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "destructive earthquakes" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "air pollution (from metallurgical plants) and resulting acid rain is damaging the forests; coastal pollution from industrial and domestic waste; landmine removal and reconstruction of infrastructure consequent to 1992-95 civil strife" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits; most Adriatic Sea islands lie off the coast of Croatia - some 1,200 islands, islets, ridges, and rocks" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Croat(s), Croatian(s)", - "adjective": "Croatian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Croat 89.6%, Serb 4.5%, other 5.9% (including Bosniak, Hungarian, Slovene, Czech, and Roma) (2001 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Croatian (official) 96.1%, Serbian 1%, other and undesignated (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and German) 2.9% (2001 census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 87.8%, Orthodox 4.4%, other Christian 0.4%, Muslim 1.3%, other and unspecified 0.9%, none 5.2% (2001 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "4,475,611 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "14.6% (male 334,424/female 317,141)", - "15_24_years": "12.2% (male 279,375/female 267,184)", - "25_54_years": "41.4% (male 917,030/female 935,270)", - "55_64_years": "14.4% (male 314,761/female 330,961)", - "65_years_and_over": "17.4% (male 311,581/female 467,884) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "49.6 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "22.3 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "27.4 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "3.7 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "41.8 years", - "male": "40 years", - "female": "43.7 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.11% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "9.53 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "12.06 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "1.47 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "58% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "ZAGREB (capital) 686,000 (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.96 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.66 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.93 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "27.7 (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "17 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "5.96 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "6.07 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "5.85 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "76.2 years", - "male": "72.6 years", - "female": "80 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.45 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "7.8% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "2.59 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "5.4 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 97% of population; total: 99% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 3% of population; total: 1% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 98% of population; total: 99% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 2% of population; total: 1% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "less than 0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "intermediate", - "vectorborne_diseases": "tickborne encephalitis", - "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "24.2% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "4.4% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "98.9%", - "male": "99.5%", - "female": "98.3% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "14 years", - "male": "14 years", - "female": "15 years (2010)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "36.1%", - "male": "35.6%", - "female": "36.8% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Croatia", - "conventional_short_form": "Croatia", - "local_long_form": "Republika Hrvatska", - "local_short_form": "Hrvatska", - "former": "People's Republic of Croatia, Socialist Republic of Croatia" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary democracy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Zagreb", - "geographic_coordinates": "45 48 N, 16 00 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "20 counties (zupanije, zupanija - singular) and 1 city* (grad - singular) with special county status; Bjelovarsko-Bilogorska, Brodsko-Posavska, Dubrovacko-Neretvanska (Dubrovnik-Neretva), Istarska (Istria), Karlovacka, Koprivnicko-Krizevacka, Krapinsko-Zagorska, Licko-Senjska (Lika-Senj), Medimurska, Osjecko-Baranjska, Pozesko-Slavonska (Pozega-Slavonia), Primorsko-Goranska, Sibensko-Kninska, Sisacko-Moslavacka, Splitsko-Dalmatinska (Split-Dalmatia), Varazdinska, Viroviticko-Podravska, Vukovarsko-Srijemska, Zadarska, Zagreb*, Zagrebacka (Zagreb county)" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 8 October (1991) and Statehood Day, 25 June (1991); note - 25 June 1991 was the day the Croatian parliament voted for independence; following a three-month moratorium to allow the European Community to solve the Yugoslav crisis peacefully, Parliament adopted a decision on 8 October 1991 to sever constitutional relations with Yugoslavia" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "adopted 22 December 1990; revised 1997, 1998, 2000, 2001, and 2010" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system influenced by legal heritage of Austria-Hungary; note - Croatian law was fully harmonized with the the European Community acquis as of the June 2010 completion of EU accession negotiations" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age, 16 if employed; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Ivo JOSIPOVIC (since 18 February 2010)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Zoran MILANOVIC (since 23 December 2011); First Deputy Prime Minister Vesna PUSIC (since 16 November 2012)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and approved by the parliamentary assembly", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 10 January 2010 (next to be held in December 2014); the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president and then approved by the assembly", - "election_results": "Ivo JOSIPOVIC elected president; percent of vote in the second round - Ivo JOSIPOVIC 60%, Milan BANDIC 40%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Assembly or Sabor (151 seats; members elected from party lists by popular vote to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 4 December 2011 (next to be held in late 2015)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - Kukuriku 40%, HDZ 23.5%, Laborists-Labor 5.1%, HSS 3%, HDSSB 2.9%, Independent list of Ivan Grubisic 2.8%, HCSP-HSP 2.8%, other 19.9%; number of seats by party - Kukuriku 80, HDZ 47, Laborists-Labor 6, HDSSB 6, Independent list of Ivan Grubisic 2, HSS 1, HCSP-HSP 1, other 8" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the court president and vice president, 25 civil department justices, and 16 criminal department justices)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "president of Supreme Court nominated by president of Croatia and elected by Croatian Sabor for a 4-year term; other Supreme Court justices appointed by National Judicial Council; all judges serve until age 70", - "subordinate_courts": "Administrative Court; county, municipal, and specialized courts; note - there is an 11-member Constitutional Court with jurisdiction limited to constitutional issues but is outside Croatia's judicial system" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Croatian Civic Party or HGS [Zeljko KERUM]; Croatian Democratic Congress of Slavonia and Baranja or HDSSB [Vladimir SISLJAGIC]; Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ [Tomislav KARAMARKO]; Croatian Laborists-Labor Party [Dragutin LESAR]; Croatian Party of Rights or HSP [Daniel SRB]; Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [Branko HRG]; Croatian Pensioner Party or HSU [Silvano HRELJA]; Croatian People's Party - Liberal Democrats or HNS [Vesna PUSIC]; Croatian Pure Party of Rights-Ante Starcevic or HCSP [Ruza TOMASIC]; Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS [Darinko KOSOR]; Independent Democratic Serb Party or SDSS [Vojislav STANIMIROVIC]; Independent List of Ivan Grubisic [Ivan GRUBISIC]; Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS [Ivan JAKOVCIC]; Kukuriku Coalition (consists of SDP, HNS, IDS, and HSU) [Zoran MILANOVIC]; Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP [Zoran MILANOVIC]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "other": "human rights groups" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, EU, FAO, G-11, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, NAM (observer), NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Josko PARO", - "chancery": "2343 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 588-5899", - "fax": "[1] (202) 588-8936", - "consulates_general": "Chicago, Los Angeles, New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Kenneth MERTEN", - "embassy": "2 Thomas Jefferson Street, 10010 Zagreb", - "mailing_address": "use street address", - "telephone": "[385] (1) 661-2200", - "fax": "[385] (1) 661-2373" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue - the Pan-Slav colors - superimposed by the Croatian coat of arms; the coat of arms consists of one main shield (a checkerboard of 13 red and 12 silver (white) fields) surmounted by five smaller shields that form a crown over the main shield; the five small shields represent five historic regions, they are (from left to right): Croatia, Dubrovnik, Dalmatia, Istria, and Slavonia", - "note": "the Pan-Slav colors were inspired by the 19th-century flag of Russia" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "red-white checkerboard" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Lijepa nasa domovino\" (Our Beautiful Homeland)", - "lyrics_music": "Antun MIHANOVIC/Josip RUNJANIN", - "note": "adopted 1972; \"Lijepa nasa domovino,\" whose lyrics were written in 1835, served as an unofficial anthem beginning in 1891" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Though still one of the wealthiest of the former Yugoslav republics, Croatia's economy suffered badly during the 1991-95 war. The country's output during that time collapsed and Croatia missed the early waves of investment in Central and Eastern Europe that followed the fall of the Berlin Wall. Between 2000 and 2007, however, Croatia's economic fortunes began to improve slowly with moderate but steady GDP growth between 4% and 6% led by a rebound in tourism and credit-driven consumer spending. Inflation over the same period remained tame and the currency, the kuna, stable. Croatia experienced an abrupt slowdown in the economy in 2008 and has yet to recover. Difficult problems still remain, including a stubbornly high unemployment rate, uneven regional development, and a challenging investment climate. The new government has announced a more flexible approach to privatization, including the sale in the coming years of state-owned businesses that are not of strategic importance. While macroeconomic stabilization has largely been achieved, structural reforms lag. Croatia will face significant pressure as a result of the global financial crisis, due to reduced exports and capital inflows. Croatia reentered a recession in 2012, and Zagreb cut spending. The government also raised additional revenues through more stringent tax collection and by raising the Value Added Tax in February 2012. On 1 July 2013 Croatia joined the EU, following a decade long application process. Croatia will be a member of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism until it meets the criteria for joining the Economic and Monetary Union and adopts the euro as its currency. Croatia's high foreign debt, strained state budget, and over-reliance on tourism revenue could hinder economic progress over the medium-term." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$79.69 billion (2012 est.); $81.3 billion (2011 est.); $81.33 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$57.1 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "-2% (2012 est.); 0% (2011 est.); -2.3% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$18,100 (2012 est.); $18,500 (2011 est.); $18,400 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "19.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 19.6% of GDP (2011 est.); 19.5% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "60.2%", - "government_consumption": "19.8%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "18.4%", - "investment_in_inventories": "1%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "43.4%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-42.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "5%", - "industry": "25.8%", - "services": "69.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "arable crops (wheat, corn, barley, sugar beet, sunflower, rapeseed, alfalfa, clover); vegetables (potatoes, cabbage, onion, tomato, pepper); fruits (apples, plum, mandarins, olives), grapes for wine; livestock (cattle, cows, pigs); dairy products" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum, paper, wood products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food and beverages, tourism" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-6.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "1.702 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "2.1%", - "industry": "29%", - "services": "69% (2012)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "19.1% (2012 est.); 17.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "21.1% (2011)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.3%", - "highest_10%": "27.5% (2008 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "32 (2010); 29 (1998)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$21.56 billion", - "expenditures": "$23.42 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "37.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-3.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "68.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 64.8% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "3.4% (2012 est.); 2.3% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "7% (31 December 2012 est.); 7% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "9.48% (31 December 2012 est.); 9.68% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$9.332 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $9.081 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$43.47 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $41.42 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$51.43 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $51.83 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$21.3 billion (31 December 2012); $22.44 billion (31 December 2011); $25.28 billion (31 December 2010)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$560 million (2012 est.); -$449 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$12.42 billion (2012 est.); $13.64 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "transport equipment, machinery, textiles, chemicals, foodstuffs, fuels" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Italy 14.9%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 13.2%, Germany 10.6%, Slovenia 8.8%, Austria 6.8% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$20.24 billion (2012 est.); $22.52 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery, transport and electrical equipment; chemicals, fuels and lubricants; foodstuffs" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Italy 16.7%, Germany 12.9%, Russia 7.6%, China 7.1%, Slovenia 5.9%, Austria 4.5% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$14.81 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $14.48 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$65.23 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $64.94 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$35.63 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $34.36 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$5.575 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.674 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "kuna (HRK) per US dollar -; 5.8503 (2012 est.); 5.3439 (2011 est.); 5.498 (2010 est.); 5.2692 (2009); 4.98 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "9.281 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "16.7 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "1.38 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "8.799 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "4.021 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "47.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "44.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "28,230 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "53,620 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "2.96 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "77,020 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "74,410 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "33,870 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "31,250 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "1.85 billion cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "2.755 billion cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "222 million cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "1.127 billion cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "24.92 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "21.46 million Mt (2012 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "1.761 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "5.115 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "the telecommunications network has improved steadily since the mid-1990s, covering much of what were once inaccessible areas; local lines are digital", - "domestic": "fixed-line teledensity holding steady at about 40 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions exceed the population", - "international": "country code - 385; digital international service is provided through the main switch in Zagreb; Croatia participates in the Trans-Asia-Europe (TEL) fiber-optic project, which consists of 2 fiber-optic trunk connections with Slovenia and a fiber-optic trunk line from Rijeka to Split and Dubrovnik; the ADRIA-1 submarine cable provides connectivity to Albania and Greece (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "the national state-owned public broadcaster, Croatian Radiotelevision (HRT), operates 4 terrestrial TV networks, a satellite channel that rebroadcasts programs for Croatians living abroad, and 6 regional TV centers; 2 private broadcasters operate national terrestrial networks; roughly 25 privately owned regional TV stations; multi-channel cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; state-owned public broadcaster operates 3 national radio networks and 9 regional radio stations; 2 privately owned national radio networks and more than 170 regional, county, city, and community radio stations (2012)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".hr" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "729,420 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "2.234 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "69 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "24", - "over_3_047_m": "2", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "6", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", - "914_to_1_523_m": "3", - "under_914_m": "10 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "45", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "6", - "under_914_m": "38 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 2,410 km; oil 610 km (2011)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "2,722 km", - "standard_gauge": "2,722 km 1.435-m gauge (984 km electrified) (2011)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "29,410 km (includes 1,254 km of expressways) (2011)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "785 km (2009)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "77", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 24, cargo 7, chemical tanker 8, passenger/cargo 27, petroleum tanker 10, refrigerated cargo 1", - "foreign_owned": "2 (Norway 2)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "31 (Bahamas 1, Belize 1, Liberia 1, Malta 6, Marshall Islands 12, Panama 2, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 8) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Ploce, Rijeka, Sibernik, Split", - "river_ports": "Vukovar (Danube)", - "oil_gas_terminals": "Omisalj" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia (Oruzane Snage Republike Hrvatske, OSRH) consists of five major commands directly subordinate to a General Staff: Ground Forces (Hrvatska Kopnena Vojska, HKoV), Naval Forces (Hrvatska Ratna Mornarica, HRM; includes coast guard), Air Force and Air Defense Command (Hrvatsko Ratno Zrakoplovstvo I Protuzracna Obrana), Joint Education and Training Command, Logistics Command; Military Police Force supports each of the three Croatian military forces (2012)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-27 years of age for voluntary military service; 6-month service obligation (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,016,234", - "females_age_16_49": "1,017,355 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "770,710", - "females_age_16_49": "839,732 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "28,334", - "female": "27,015 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.5% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "dispute remains with Bosnia and Herzegovina over several small sections of the boundary related to maritime access that hinders ratification of the 1999 border agreement; since the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, Croatia and Slovenia have each claimed sovereignty over Pirin Bay and four villages, and Slovenia has objected to Croatia's claim of an exclusive economic zone in the Adriatic Sea; in 2009, however Croatia and Slovenia signed a binding international arbitration agreement to define their disputed land and maritime borders, which led to Slovenia lifting its objections to Croatia joining the EU; Slovenia continues to impose a hard border Schengen regime with Croatia, which joined the EU in 2013 but has not yet fulfilled Schengen requirements; as a European Union peripheral state, Slovenia imposed a hard border Schengen regime with non-member Croatia in December 2007" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "stateless_persons": "2,886 (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transit point along the Balkan route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe; has been used as a transit point for maritime shipments of South American cocaine bound for Western Europe (2008)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/hu-hungary.json b/europe/hu-hungary.json deleted file mode 100644 index e4772da1..00000000 --- a/europe/hu-hungary.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,618 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Hungary became a Christian kingdom in A.D. 1000 and for many centuries served as a bulwark against Ottoman Turkish expansion in Europe. The kingdom eventually became part of the polyglot Austro-Hungarian Empire, which collapsed during World War I. The country fell under communist rule following World War II. In 1956, a revolt and an announced withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact were met with a massive military intervention by Moscow. Under the leadership of Janos KADAR in 1968, Hungary began liberalizing its economy, introducing so-called \"Goulash Communism.\" Hungary held its first multiparty elections in 1990 and initiated a free market economy. It joined NATO in 1999 and the EU five years later. In 2011, Hungary assumed the six-month rotating presidency of the EU for the first time." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Central Europe, northwest of Romania" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "47 00 N, 20 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "93,028 sq km", - "land": "89,608 sq km", - "water": "3,420 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Indiana" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "2,185 km", - "border_countries": "Austria 366 km, Croatia 329 km, Romania 443 km, Serbia 166 km, Slovakia 676 km, Slovenia 102 km, Ukraine 103 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the Slovakian border" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Tisza River 78 m", - "highest_point": "Kekes 1,014 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "47.24%", - "permanent_crops": "1.97%", - "other": "50.79% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "1,409 sq km (2007)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "104 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "5.58 cu km/yr (12%/83%/5%)", - "per_capita": "555.9 cu m/yr (2007)" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "the upgrading of Hungary's standards in waste management, energy efficiency, and air, soil, and water pollution to meet EU requirements will require large investments" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; strategic location astride main land routes between Western Europe and Balkan Peninsula as well as between Ukraine and Mediterranean basin; the north-south flowing Duna (Danube) and Tisza Rivers divide the country into three large regions" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Hungarian(s)", - "adjective": "Hungarian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Hungarian 92.3%, Roma 1.9%, other or unknown 5.8% (2001 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Hungarian 93.6%, other or unspecified 6.4% (2001 census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 51.9%, Calvinist 15.9%, Lutheran 3%, Greek Catholic 2.6%, other Christian 1%, other or unspecified 11.1%, unaffiliated 14.5% (2001 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "9,939,470 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "14.8% (male 760,253/female 714,868)", - "15_24_years": "11.9% (male 608,369/female 574,013)", - "25_54_years": "41.6% (male 2,074,975/female 2,063,952)", - "55_64_years": "14.2% (male 645,529/female 762,489)", - "65_years_and_over": "17.5% (male 646,244/female 1,088,778) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "46.8 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "21.5 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "25.3 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "4 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "40.8 years", - "male": "38.6 years", - "female": "43.2 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.2% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "9.37 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "12.71 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "1.36 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "69.5% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.51% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "BUDAPEST (capital) 1.705 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.85 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.59 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.91 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "28.2 (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "21 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "5.16 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "5.43 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "4.88 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "75.24 years", - "male": "71.5 years", - "female": "79.19 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.41 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "80.6%", - "note": "percent of women aged 18-41 (1992/93)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "7.3% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "3.1 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "7.1 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "less than 0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "3,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 200 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "intermediate", - "vectorborne_diseases": "tickborne encephalitis (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "27.6% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.1% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99%", - "male": "99.2%", - "female": "98.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "15 years", - "male": "15 years", - "female": "16 years (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "26.1%", - "male": "27.2%", - "female": "24.6% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "none", - "conventional_short_form": "Hungary", - "local_long_form": "none", - "local_short_form": "Magyarorszag" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary democracy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Budapest", - "geographic_coordinates": "47 30 N, 19 05 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "19 counties (megyek, singular - megye), 23 urban counties (singular - megyei varos), and 1 capital city (fovaros)", - "counties": "Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Csongrad, Fejer, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Komarom-Esztergom, Nograd, Pest, Somogy, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Zala", - "urban_counties": "Bekescsaba, Debrecen, Dunaujvaros, Eger, Erd, Gyor, Hodmezovasarhely, Kaposvar, Kecskemet, Miskolc, Nagykanizsa, Nyiregyhaza, Pecs, Salgotarjan, Sopron, Szeged, Szekesfehervar, Szekszard, Szolnok, Szombathely, Tatabanya, Veszprem, Zalaegerszeg", - "capital_city": "Budapest" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "16 November 1918 (republic proclaimed); notable earlier dates: 25 December 1000 (crowning of King STEPHEN I, traditional founding date); 30 March 1867 (Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy established)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Saint Stephen's Day, 20 August; note - commemorates the date when his remains were transferred to Buda (now Budapest)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "25 April 2011, effective 1 January 2012" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil legal system influenced by the German model" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age, 16 if married; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "Janos ADER (since 10 May 2012)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Viktor ORBAN (since 29 May 2010)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet of Ministers prime minister elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president; other ministers proposed by the prime minister and appointed and relieved of their duties by the president", - "elections": "president elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 2 May 2012 (next to be held by May 2017); prime minister elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president; election last held 29 May 2010", - "election_results": "Janos ADER elected president, National Assembly vote - 262 to 40; Viktor ORBAN elected prime minister, National Assembly vote - 261 to 107", - "note": "to be elected, the president must win two-thirds of legislative vote in the first round or a simple majority in the second round" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Orszaggyules (386 seats; members elected by popular vote under a system of proportional and direct representation to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 11 and 25 April 2010 (next to be held in spring 2014)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party (5% or more of the vote required for parliamentary representation in the first round) - Fidesz-KNDP 52.7%, MSZP 19.3%, Jobbik 16.7%, LMP 7.5%, other 3.8%; seats by party - Fidesz-KNDP 263, MSZP 59, Jobbik 47, LMP 16, independent 1", - "note": "composition as of mid-April 2013 - seats by party - Fidesz 226, MSZP 48, Jobbik 43, KNDP 37, Democratic Coalition 10, Dialog for Hungary 8, LMP 7, independent 7" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Curia or Supreme Judicial Court (consists of Curia president and 8 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 15 members)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Curia president elected from among its members for 9 years by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president of the republic; other Curia judges appointed by the president upon the recommendation of the National Council of Justice, a separate 15-member administrative body; all judges serve until the normal retirement age; Constitutional Court members elected by two-thirds vote of the National Assembly; members serve 12-year terms", - "subordinate_courts": "regional courts of appeal; county courts, including the Municipal Court of Budapest; local courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Christian Democratic People's Party or KDNP [Zsolt SEMJEN]; Democratic Coalition [Ferenc GYURCSANY]; Dialogue for Hungary [Benedek JAVOR, Timea SZABO, co-chairs]; Fidesz-Hungarian Civic Alliance or Fidesz [Viktor ORBAN, chairman]; Hungarian Socialist Party or MSZP [Attila MESTERHAZY]; Movement for a Better Hungary or Jobbik [Gabor VONA]; Politics Can Be Different or LMP [13-member leadership; some positions currently vacant]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Air Work Group (works to reduce air pollution in towns and cities); Danube Circle (protests the building of the Gabchikovo-Nagymaros dam); Fourth Republic (Negyedik Koztarsasag) or 4K! (anti-Orban, pro-democracy Facebook movement emerged from a Facebook group, One Million for Freedom of the Press or \"Milla,\" and plans to form a leftist political party); Green Future (protests the impact of lead contamination of local factory on health of the people); Hungarian Civil Liberties Union (Tarsasag a Szabadsagjogokert) or TASZ (freedom of expression, information privacy); Hungarian Helsinki Committee (asylum seekers' rights, human rights in law enforcement and the judicial system); Szolidaritas (\"Solidarity,\" formed in October 2011 by three trade unions and an NGO - anti-Orban government); \"Egyutt 2014\" (\"Together 2014,\" a political electoral alliance bringing together Milla, Szolidaritas, and \"Haza es Haladas,\" an association headed by former PM Gordon BAJNAI, to contest Fidesz and Viktor ORBAN in the 2014 parliamentary elections); Civil Osszefogas Forum (\"Civil Unity Forum,\" nominally independent organization that serves as pro-government mass organization, supporting ORBAN government's policies); ", - "environmentalists": "Hungarian Ornithological and Nature Conservation Society (Magyar Madartani Egyesulet) or MME; Green Alternative (Zold Alternativa)" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Gyorgy SZAPARY", - "chancery": "3910 Shoemaker Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 362-6730", - "fax": "[1] (202) 966-8135", - "consulates_general": "Chicago, Los Angeles, New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Eleni Tsakopoulos KOUNALAKIS", - "embassy": "Szabadsag ter 12, H-1054 Budapest", - "mailing_address": "pouch: American Embassy Budapest, 5270 Budapest Place, US Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-5270", - "telephone": "[36] (1) 475-4400", - "fax": "[36] (1) 475-4764" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and green; the flag dates to the national movement of the 18th and 19th centuries, and fuses the medieval colors of the Hungarian coat of arms with the revolutionary tricolor form of the French flag; folklore attributes virtues to the colors: red for strength, white for faithfulness, and green for hope; alternatively, the red is seen as being for the blood spilled in defense of the land, white for freedom, and green for the pasturelands that make up so much of the country" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Holy Crown of Hungary (Crown of Saint Stephen); turul (falcon)" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Himnusz\" (Hymn)", - "lyrics_music": "Ferenc KOLCSEY/Ferenc ERKEL", - "note": "adopted 1844" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Hungary has made the transition from a centrally planned to a market economy, with a per capita income nearly two-thirds that of the EU-27 average. The private sector accounts for more than 80% of GDP. Foreign ownership of and investment in Hungarian firms are widespread, with cumulative foreign direct investment worth more than $70 billion. In late 2008, Hungary's impending inability to service its short-term debt - brought on by the global financial crisis - led Budapest to obtain an IMF/EU/World Bank-arranged financial assistance package worth over $25 billion. The global economic downturn, declining exports, and low domestic consumption and fixed asset accumulation, dampened by government austerity measures, resulted in an economic contraction of 6.8% in 2009. In 2010 the new government implemented a number of changes including cutting business and personal income taxes, but imposed \"crisis taxes\" on financial institutions, energy and telecom companies, and retailers. The IMF/EU bail-out program lapsed at the end of the year and was replaced by Post Program Monitoring and Article IV Consultations on overall economic and fiscal processes. The economy began to recover in 2010 with a big boost from exports, especially to Germany, and achieved growth of approximately 1.7% in 2011. At the end of 2011 the government turned to the IMF and the EU to obtain financial backstop to support its efforts to refinance foreign currency debt and bond obligations in 2012 and beyond, but Budapest's rejection of EU and IMF economic policy recommendations led to a breakdown in talks with the lenders in late 2012. Since joining the EU in 2004, Hungary has been subject to the European Commission's Excessive Deficit Procedure; Brussels has requested that the government outline measures to sustainably reduce the budget deficit to under 3% of GDP. Ongoing economic weakness in Western Europe as well as lack of domestic investment and demand caused a GDP to fall 1.7% in 2012. Unemployment remained high, at more than 11%." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$198.8 billion (2012 est.); $202.2 billion (2011 est.); $198.9 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$126.9 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "-1.7% (2012 est.); 1.7% (2011 est.); 1.2% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$20,000 (2012 est.); $20,200 (2011 est.); $19,900 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "19% of GDP (2012 est.); 20.4% of GDP (2011 est.); 19.8% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "54.2%", - "government_consumption": "20.6%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "17.2%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.3%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "94.7%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-86.9% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "3.3%", - "industry": "28.5%", - "services": "68.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "wheat, corn, sunflower seed, potatoes, sugar beets; pigs, cattle, poultry, dairy products" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "4.391 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "7.1%", - "industry": "29.7%", - "services": "63.2% (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "10.9% (2012 est.); 11.6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "14% (2012)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.1%", - "highest_10%": "22.6% (2009)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "24.7 (2009); 24.4 (1998)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$58.41 billion", - "expenditures": "$61.04 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "46% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-2.1% of GDP", - "note": "Hungary has been under the EU Excessive Deficit Procedure since it joined the EU in 2004; in March 2012 the EU elevated its Excessive Deficit Procedure against Hungary and proposed freezing 30% of the country's Cohesion Funds because 2011 deficit reductions were not achieved in a sustainable manner; in June 2012, the EU lifted the freeze, reognizing that steps had been taken to reduce the deficit; the latest EC forecasts project the Hungarian deficit to increase above 3% both in 2013 and in 2014 due to sluggish growth and the government's fiscal tightening (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "79.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 81.4% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and government, state government, local government, and social security funds." - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "5.7% (2012 est.); 3.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "5.75% (19 December 2012); 7% (31 December 2011)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "9.02% (31 December 2012 est.); 8.34% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$33.03 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $30.51 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$74.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $86.68 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$87.29 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $88.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$22.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $22.8 billion (31 December 2011); $27.71 billion (31 December 2010)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$2.146 billion (2012 est.); $1.209 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$90.23 billion (2012 est.); $98.83 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment 53.5%, other manufactures 31.2%, food products 8.7%, raw materials 3.4%, fuels and electricity 3.9% (2012)" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 25.6%, Romania 6.2%, Slovakia 6.1%, Austria 6%, Italy 4.8%, France 4.8%, UK 4.2% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$87.37 billion (2012 est.); $95.2 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment 45.4%, other manufactures 34.3%, fuels and electricity 12.6%, food products 5.3%, raw materials 2.5% (2012)" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 25.1%, Russia 8.8%, China 7.4%, Austria 7.1%, Slovakia 5.6%, Poland 4.8%, Italy 4.5%, Netherlands 4.2% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$44.67 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $48.84 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$202 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $208.7 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$94.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $100.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$30.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $28.74 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "forints (HUF) per US dollar -; 225.1 (2012 est.); 201.05 (2011 est.); 207.94 (2010 est.); 202.34 (2009); 171.8 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "34.28 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "36.13 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "9 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "16.97 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "9.9 million kW (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "72% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "20% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "1% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "7% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "22,560 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "108,500 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "31.72 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "167,900 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "141,100 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "49,010 bbl/day (2010 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "171,600 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "2.072 billion cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "11.9 billion cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "835 million cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "8.173 billion cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "3.014 billion cu m (1 January 2013 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "50.39 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "2.933 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "11.69 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "the telephone system has been modernized; the system is digital and highly automated; trunk services are carried by fiber-optic cable and digital microwave radio relay; a program for fiber-optic subscriber connections was initiated in 1996", - "domestic": "competition among mobile-cellular service providers has led to a sharp increase in the use of mobile-cellular phones since 2000 and a decrease in the number of fixed-line connections", - "international": "country code - 36; Hungary has fiber-optic cable connections with all neighboring countries; the international switch is in Budapest; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean regions), 1 Inmarsat, 1 very small aperture terminal (VSAT) system of ground terminals (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "mixed system of state-supported public service broadcast media and private broadcasters; the 3 publicly owned TV channels and the 2 main privately owned TV stations are the major national broadcasters; a large number of special interest channels; highly developed market for satellite and cable TV services with about two-thirds of viewers utilizing their services; 3 state-supported public-service radio networks and 2 major national commercial stations; a large number of local stations including commercial, public service, nonprofit, and community radio stations; digital transition postponed to the end of 2014 (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".hu" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "3.145 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "6.176 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "41 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "20", - "over_3_047_m": "2", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "6", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "6", - "914_to_1_523_m": "5", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "21", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2", - "914_to_1_523_m": "8", - "under_914_m": "11 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "3 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 19,028 km; oil 1,007 km; refined products 842 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "8,057 km", - "broad_gauge": "36 km 1.524-m gauge", - "standard_gauge": "7,802 km 1.435-m gauge (2,911 km electrified)", - "narrow_gauge": "219 km 0.760-m gauge (2009)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "199,567 km", - "paved": "76,075 km (includes 1,477 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "123,492 km (2010)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "1,622 km (most on Danube River) (2011)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Budapest, Dunaujvaros, Gyor-Gonyu, Csepel, Baja, Mohacs" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Hungarian Defense Forces: Land Forces, Hungarian Air Force (Magyar Legiero, ML) (2011)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; 6-month service obligation (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,349,948", - "females_age_16_49": "2,290,568 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,902,639", - "females_age_16_49": "1,897,378 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "59,237", - "female": "55,533 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.75% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "bilateral government, legal, technical and economic working group negotiations continue in 2006 with Slovakia over Hungary's failure to complete its portion of the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros hydroelectric dam project along the Danube; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Hungary has implemented the strict Schengen border rules" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "stateless_persons": "111 (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and cannabis and for South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; limited producer of precursor chemicals, particularly for amphetamine and methamphetamine; efforts to counter money laundering, related to organized crime and drug trafficking are improving but remain vulnerable; significant consumer of ecstasy" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/ie-ireland.json b/europe/ie-ireland.json deleted file mode 100644 index bb16c0f7..00000000 --- a/europe/ie-ireland.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,617 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Celtic tribes arrived on the island between 600 and 150 B.C. Invasions by Norsemen that began in the late 8th century were finally ended when King Brian BORU defeated the Danes in 1014. English invasions began in the 12th century and set off more than seven centuries of Anglo-Irish struggle marked by fierce rebellions and harsh repressions. A failed 1916 Easter Monday Rebellion touched off several years of guerrilla warfare that in 1921 resulted in independence from the UK for 26 southern counties; six northern (Ulster) counties remained part of the UK. In 1949, Ireland withdrew from the British Commonwealth; it joined the European Community in 1973. Irish governments have sought the peaceful unification of Ireland and have cooperated with Britain against terrorist groups. A peace settlement for Northern Ireland is gradually being implemented despite some difficulties. In 2006, the Irish and British governments developed and began to implement the St. Andrews Agreement, building on the Good Friday Agreement approved in 1998." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Western Europe, occupying five-sixths of the island of Ireland in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Great Britain" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "53 00 N, 8 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "70,273 sq km", - "land": "68,883 sq km", - "water": "1,390 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than West Virginia" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "360 km", - "border_countries": "UK 360 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "1,448 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_fishing_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "temperate maritime; modified by North Atlantic Current; mild winters, cool summers; consistently humid; overcast about half the time" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly level to rolling interior plain surrounded by rugged hills and low mountains; sea cliffs on west coast" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Carrauntoohil 1,041 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "natural gas, peat, copper, lead, zinc, silver, barite, gypsum, limestone, dolomite" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "15.11%", - "permanent_crops": "0.01%", - "other": "84.87% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "11 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "52 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.79 cu km/yr (94%/6%/0%)", - "per_capita": "226.9 cu m/yr (2007)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "water pollution, especially of lakes, from agricultural runoff" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Marine Life Conservation" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location on major air and sea routes between North America and northern Europe; over 40% of the population resides within 100 km of Dublin" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Irishman(men), Irishwoman(women), Irish (collective plural)", - "adjective": "Irish" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Irish 87.4%, other white 7.5%, Asian 1.3%, black 1.1%, mixed 1.1%, unspecified 1.6% (2006 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "English (official, the language generally used), Irish (Gaelic or Gaeilge) (official, spoken mainly in areas along the western coast)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 87.4%, Church of Ireland 2.9%, other Christian 1.9%, other 2.1%, unspecified 1.5%, none 4.2% (2006 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "4,775,982 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "21.4% (male 521,145/female 499,367)", - "15_24_years": "12% (male 291,090/female 282,364)", - "25_54_years": "44.4% (male 1,065,685/female 1,055,339)", - "55_64_years": "10.1% (male 241,918/female 240,193)", - "65_years_and_over": "12.1% (male 265,533/female 313,348) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "50.8 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "32.6 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "18.2 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "5.5 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "35.4 years", - "male": "35.1 years", - "female": "35.8 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.16% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "15.5 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "6.41 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "2.51 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "62% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.8% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "DUBLIN (capital) 1.084 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.84 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "29.8 (2011 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "6 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "3.78 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "4.16 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "3.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "80.44 years", - "male": "78.18 years", - "female": "82.83 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.01 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "64.8%", - "note": "percent of women aged 18-49 (2004/05)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "9.2% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "3.19 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "4.9 beds/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 98% of population; total: 99% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 2% of population; total: 1% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.2% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "6,900 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "25.2% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "6.5% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99%", - "male": "99%", - "female": "99% (2003 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "19 years", - "male": "19 years", - "female": "19 years (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "29.4%", - "male": "35.3%", - "female": "23.3% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "none", - "conventional_short_form": "Ireland", - "local_long_form": "none", - "local_short_form": "Eire" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic, parliamentary democracy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Dublin", - "geographic_coordinates": "53 19 N, 6 14 W", - "time_difference": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "29 counties and 5 cities*; Carlow, Cavan, Clare, Cork, Cork*, Donegal, Dublin*, Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown, Fingal, Galway, Galway*, Kerry, Kildare, Kilkenny, Laois, Leitrim, Limerick, Limerick*, Longford, Louth, Mayo, Meath, Monaghan, North Tipperary, Offaly, Roscommon, Sligo, South Dublin, South Tipperary, Waterford, Waterford*, Westmeath, Wexford, Wicklow" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "6 December 1921 (from the UK by treaty)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Saint Patrick's Day, 17 March" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "adopted 1 July 1937 by plebiscite; effective 29 December 1937" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "common law system based on the English model but substantially modified by customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Michael D. HIGGINS (since 29 October 2011)", - "head_of_government": "Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Enda KENNY (since 9 March 2011)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the lower house of Parliament", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 29 October 2011 (next to be held in October 2018); taoiseach (prime minister} nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann) and appointed by the president", - "election_results": "Michael D. HIGGINS elected president; percent of vote - Michael D. HIGGINS 39.6%, Sean GALLAGHER 28.5%, Martin MCGUINNESS 13.7%, Gay MITCHELL 6.4%, David NORRIS 6.2%, other 5.6%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Oireachtas consists of the Senate or Seanad Eireann (60 seats; 49 members elected by the universities and from candidates put forward by five vocational panels, 11 are nominated by the prime minister; members serve five-year terms) and the lower house of Parliament or Dail Eireann (166 seats; members elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "Senate - last held in 27 April 2011 (next to be held 2016); House of Representatives - last held on 25 February 2011 (next to be held probably in 2016)", - "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Fine Gael 19, Fianna Fail 14, Labor Party 12, Sinn Fein 3, independents 12; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - Fine Gael 45.8%, Labor Party 22.3%, Fianna Fail 12.0%, Sinn Fein 8.4%, United Left Alliance 3.0%, New Vision 0.6%, independents 7.8%; seats by party - Fine Gael 76, Labor Party 37, Fianna Fail 20, Sinn Fein 14, United Left Alliance 5, New Vision 1, independents 13; note - after November 2009 disbandment of the Progressive Democrats, the two members of the Senate continued as independent DPs", - "note": "on 8 November 2008, delegates voted to disband the Progressive Democrats, and in November 2009 it officially stopped operating as a political party" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Court of Final Appeal (consists of the chief justice and 7 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges nominated by the prime minister and Cabinet and appointed by the president; judges serve till age 70", - "subordinate_courts": "High Court, Court of Criminal Appeal; circuit and district courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Fianna Fail [Michael MARTIN]; Fine Gael [Enda KENNY]; Green Party [Eamon RYAN]; Labor Party [Eamon GILMORE]; New Vision; Sinn Fein [Gerry ADAMS]; Socialist Party [Joe HIGGINS]; The Workers' Party [Michael FINNEGAN]; United Left Alliance" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Families Acting for Innocent Relatives or FAIR [Brian MCCONNELL] (seek compensation for victims of violence);; Families Against Intimidation and Terror or FAIT (oppose terrorism);; Gaeltacht Civil Rights Campaign (Coiste Cearta Sibhialta na Gaeilge) or CCSG (encourages the use of the Irish language and campaigns for greater civil rights in Irish speaking areas);; Iona Institute [David QUINN] (a conservative Catholic think tank);; Irish Anti-War Movement [Richard BOYD BARRETT] (campaigns against wars around the world);; Irish Republican Army or IRA (terrorist group);; Keep Ireland Open (environmental group);; Midland Railway Action Group or MRAG [Willie ALLEN] (transportation promoters);; Peace and Neutrality Alliance [Roger COLE] (campaigns to protect Irish neutrality);; Rail Users Ireland (formerly the Platform 11 - transportation promoters);; 32 Country Sovereignty Movement or 32CSM (supports a fully sovereign Ireland);; Ulster Defence Association or UDA (terrorist group)" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNITAR, UNOCI, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Michael COLLINS", - "chancery": "2234 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 462-3939", - "fax": "[1] (202) 232-5993", - "consulates_general": "Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, New York, San Francisco" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires John HENNESSEY-NILAND", - "embassy": "42 Elgin Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4", - "mailing_address": "use embassy street address", - "telephone": "[353] (1) 668-8777", - "fax": "[353] (1) 668-9946" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and orange; officially the flag colors have no meaning, but a common interpretation is that the green represents the Irish nationalist (Gaelic) tradition of Ireland; orange represents the Orange tradition (minority supporters of William of Orange); white symbolizes peace (or a lasting truce) between the green and the orange", - "note": "similar to the flag of Cote d'Ivoire, which is shorter and has the colors reversed - orange (hoist side), white, and green; also similar to the flag of Italy, which is shorter and has colors of green (hoist side), white, and red" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "harp" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Amhran na bhFiann\" (The Soldier's Song)", - "lyrics_music": "Peadar KEARNEY [English], Liam O RINN [Irish]/Patrick HEENEY and Peadar KEARNEY", - "note": "adopted 1926; instead of \"Amhran na bhFiann,\" the song \"Ireland's Call\" is often used in athletic events where citizens of the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland compete as a unified team" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Ireland is a small, modern, trade-dependent economy. Ireland was among the initial group of 12 EU nations that began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002. GDP growth averaged 6% in 1995-2007, but economic activity has dropped sharply since the onset of the world financial crisis, with GDP falling by over 3% in 2008, nearly 7% in 2009, and less than 1% in 2010. Ireland entered into a recession in 2008 for the first time in more than a decade, with the subsequent collapse of its domestic property and construction markets. Property prices rose more rapidly in Ireland in the decade up to 2007 than in any other developed economy. Since their 2007 peak, average house prices have fallen 47%. In the wake of the collapse of the construction sector and the downturn in consumer spending and business investment, the export sector, dominated by foreign multinationals, has become a key component of Ireland's economy. Agriculture, once the most important sector, is now dwarfed by industry and services. In 2008 the former COWEN government moved to guarantee all bank deposits, recapitalize the banking system, and establish partly-public venture capital funds in response to the country's economic downturn. In 2009, in continued efforts to stabilize the banking sector, the Irish Government established the National Asset Management Agency (NAMA) to acquire problem commercial property and development loans from Irish banks. Faced with sharply reduced revenues and a burgeoning budget deficit, the Irish Government introduced the first in a series of draconian budgets in 2009. In addition to across-the-board cuts in spending, the 2009 budget included wage reductions for all public servants. These measures were not sufficient. In 2010, the budget deficit reached 32.4% of GDP - the world's largest deficit, as a percentage of GDP - because of additional government support for the banking sector. In late 2010, the former COWEN government agreed to a $112 billion loan package from the EU and IMF to help Dublin further increase the capitalization of its banking sector and avoid defaulting on its sovereign debt. Since entering office in March 2011, the new KENNY government has intensified austerity measures to try to meet the deficit targets under Ireland's EU-IMF program. Ireland achieved moderate growth of 1.4% in 2011 and cut the budget deficit to 9.1% of GDP. Although the recovery slowed in 2012 because of weaker EU demand for Irish exports, Dublin managed to trim the deficit to about 8.5% of GDP." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$195.4 billion (2012 est.); $193.6 billion (2011 est.); $190.8 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$210.4 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.9% (2012 est.); 1.4% (2011 est.); -0.8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$42,600 (2012 est.); $42,300 (2011 est.); $41,900 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "14.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 11.4% of GDP (2011 est.); 12.7% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "50.1%", - "government_consumption": "15.1%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "10%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "108.3%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-84.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "1.8%", - "industry": "26.3%", - "services": "72% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "barley, potatoes, wheat; beef, dairy products" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "pharmaceuticals, chemicals, computer hardware and software, food products, beverages and brewing; medical devices" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "2.154 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "5%", - "industry": "19%", - "services": "76% (2011 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "14.7% (2012 est.); 14.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "5.5% (2009)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.9%", - "highest_10%": "27.2% (2000)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "33.9 (2010); 35.9 (1987)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$72.76 billion", - "expenditures": "$88.49 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "34.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-7.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "118.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 106.4% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "1.7% (2012 est.); 2.6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "1.5% (31 December 2012); 1.75% (31 December 2010)", - "note": "this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "3.55% (31 December 2012 est.); 3.81% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$122.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $118.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)", - "note": "see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$291.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $260 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$432.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $456.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$35.36 billion (31 December 2011); $33.72 billion (31 December 2010); $29.88 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$3.5 billion (2012 est.); $2.484 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$119 billion (2012 est.); $126.7 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, computers, chemicals, medical devices, pharmaceuticals; food products, animal products" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 18%, UK 17.4%, Belgium 15.6%, Germany 8.4%, Switzerland 5.8%, France 5% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$64.32 billion (2012 est.); $67.11 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "data processing equipment, other machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum and petroleum products, textiles, clothing" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "UK 40%, US 13.2%, Germany 7.6%, Netherlands 5.6% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$1.707 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.703 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$2.163 trillion (31 December 2012); $2.213 trillion (31 December 2011)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$276.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $243.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$347 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $324.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -; 0.7778 (2012 est.); 0.7185 (2011 est.); 0.755 (2010 est.); 0.7198 (2009 est.); 0.6827 (2008 est.)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "26.35 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "26.1 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "242 million kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "732 million kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "7.401 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "75.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "3.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "17.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "53,560 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "55,340 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "144,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "17,480 bbl/day (2010 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "166,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "346 million cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "4.981 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "4.633 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "9.911 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "40.48 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "2.047 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "4.906 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "modern digital system using cable and microwave radio relay", - "domestic": "system privatized but dominated by former state monopoly operator; increasing levels of broadband access particularly in urban areas", - "international": "country code - 353; landing point for the Hibernia-Atlantic submarine cable with links to the US, Canada, and UK; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "publicly owned broadcaster Radio Telefis Eireann (RTE) operates 2 TV stations; commercial TV stations are available; about 75% of households utilize multi-channel satellite and TV services that provide access to a wide range of stations; RTE operates 4 national radio stations and has launched digital audio broadcasts on several stations; a number of commercial broadcast stations operate at the national, regional, and local levels (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ie" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "1.387 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "3.042 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "40 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "16", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "4", - "914_to_1_523_m": "5", - "under_914_m": "5 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "24", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2", - "under_914_m": "21 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 2,147 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "3,237 km", - "broad_gauge": "1,872 km 1.600-m gauge (37 km electrified)", - "narrow_gauge": "1,365 km 0.914-m gauge (operated by the Irish Peat Board to transport peat to power stations and briquetting plants) (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "96,036 km", - "paved": "96,036 km (includes 1,224 km of expressways) (2010)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "956 km (pleasure craft only) (2010)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "31", - "by_type": "cargo 28, chemical tanker 2, container 1", - "foreign_owned": "5 (France 2, Spain 1, US 2)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "33 (Bahamas 3, Bermuda 1, Cambodia 1, Cyprus 3, Isle of Man 1, Kazakhstan 1, Malta 4, Marshall Islands 6, Netherlands 8, Panama 1, Russia 1, Slovakia 1, Sweden 1, UK 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Cork, Dublin, Shannon Foynes, Waterford" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Irish Defense Forces (Oglaigh na h-Eireannn), Permanent Defence Force: Army, Naval Service, Air Corps (2012)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "17-25 years of age for male and female voluntary military service (17-27 years of age for the Naval Service); enlistees 16 years of age can be recruited for apprentice specialist positions; 17-35 years of age for the Reserve Defense Forces (RDF); maximum obligation 12 years (5 years IDF, 7 years RDF); EU citizenship or 5-year residence in Ireland required (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,179,125", - "females_age_16_49": "1,163,728 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "977,631", - "females_age_16_49": "965,900 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "28,564", - "female": "27,197 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.9% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Ireland, Iceland, and the UK dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "stateless_persons": "73 (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transshipment point for and consumer of hashish from North Africa to the UK and Netherlands and of European-produced synthetic drugs; increasing consumption of South American cocaine; minor transshipment point for heroin and cocaine destined for Western Europe; despite recent legislation, narcotics-related money laundering - using bureaux de change, trusts, and shell companies involving the offshore financial community - remains a concern" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/is-iceland.json b/europe/is-iceland.json deleted file mode 100644 index 29bb522e..00000000 --- a/europe/is-iceland.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,588 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Settled by Norwegian and Celtic (Scottish and Irish) immigrants during the late 9th and 10th centuries A.D., Iceland boasts the world's oldest functioning legislative assembly, the Althing, established in 930. Independent for over 300 years, Iceland was subsequently ruled by Norway and Denmark. Fallout from the Askja volcano of 1875 devastated the Icelandic economy and caused widespread famine. Over the next quarter century, 20% of the island's population emigrated, mostly to Canada and the US. Denmark granted limited home rule in 1874 and complete independence in 1944. The second half of the 20th century saw substantial economic growth driven primarily by the fishing industry. The economy diversified greatly after the country joined the European Economic Area in 1994, but Iceland was especially hard hit by the global financial crisis in the years following 2008. Literacy, longevity, and social cohesion are first rate by world standards." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northwest of the United Kingdom" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "65 00 N, 18 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "103,000 sq km", - "land": "100,250 sq km", - "water": "2,750 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Kentucky" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "4,970 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "temperate; moderated by North Atlantic Current; mild, windy winters; damp, cool summers" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly plateau interspersed with mountain peaks, icefields; coast deeply indented by bays and fiords" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Hvannadalshnukur 2,110 m (at Vatnajokull glacier)" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "fish, hydropower, geothermal power, diatomite" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "1.19%", - "permanent_crops": "0%", - "other": "98.81% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "170 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.17 cu km/yr (49%/8%/42%)", - "per_capita": "539.2 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "earthquakes and volcanic activity", - "volcanism": "Iceland, situated on top of a hotspot, experiences severe volcanic activity; Eyjafjallajokull (elev. 1,666 m) erupted in 2010, sending ash high into the atmosphere and seriously disrupting European air traffic; scientists continue to monitor nearby Katla (elev. 1,512 m), which has a high probability of eruption in the very near future, potentially disrupting air traffic; Grimsvoetn and Hekla are Iceland's most active volcanoes; other historically active volcanoes include Askja, Bardarbunga, Brennisteinsfjoll, Esjufjoll, Hengill, Krafla, Krisuvik, Kverkfjoll, Oraefajokull, Reykjanes, Torfajokull, and Vestmannaeyjar" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "water pollution from fertilizer runoff; inadequate wastewater treatment" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Transboundary Air Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location between Greenland and Europe; westernmost European country; Reykjavik is the northernmost national capital in the world; more land covered by glaciers than in all of continental Europe" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Icelander(s)", - "adjective": "Icelandic" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "homogeneous mixture of descendants of Norse and Celts 94%, population of foreign origin 6%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Icelandic, English, Nordic languages, German widely spoken" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Lutheran Church of Iceland (official) 80.7%, Roman Catholic 2.5%, Reykjavik Free Church 2.4%, Hafnarfjorour Free Church 1.6%, other religions 3.6%, unaffiliated 3%, other or unspecified 6.2% (2006 est.)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "315,281 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "19.8% (male 31,675/female 30,852)", - "15_24_years": "14.6% (male 23,364/female 22,821)", - "25_54_years": "40.9% (male 65,018/female 63,903)", - "55_64_years": "11.4% (male 18,229/female 17,767)", - "65_years_and_over": "13.2% (male 19,140/female 22,512) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "50.4 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "31.1 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "19.3 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "5.2 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "36.2 years", - "male": "35.7 years", - "female": "36.6 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.66% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "13.15 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "7.07 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0.53 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "93% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.5% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "REYKJAVIK (capital) 198,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.85 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "27 (2011 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "5 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "3.17 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "3.31 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "3.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "81.11 years", - "male": "78.89 years", - "female": "83.42 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.88 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "9.4% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "3.93 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "5.79 beds/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.3% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "23.2% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "7.8% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99%", - "male": "99%", - "female": "99% (2003 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "18 years", - "male": "17 years", - "female": "20 years (2010)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "14.6%", - "male": "18.4%", - "female": "10.7% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Iceland", - "conventional_short_form": "Iceland", - "local_long_form": "Lydveldid Island", - "local_short_form": "Island" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "constitutional republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Reykjavik", - "geographic_coordinates": "64 09 N, 21 57 W", - "time_difference": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "8 regions; Austurland, Hofudhborgarsvaedhi, Nordhurland Eystra, Nordhurland Vestra, Sudhurland, Sudhurnes, Vestfirdhir, Vesturland" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "1 December 1918 (became a sovereign state under the Danish Crown); 17 June 1944 (from Denmark; birthday of Jon SIGURDSSON leader of Iceland's 19th Century independence movement)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 17 June (1944)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944; amended many times" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system influenced by the Danish model" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Olafur Ragnar GRIMSSON (since 1 August 1996)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Sigmundur David GUNNLAUGSSON (since 23 May 2013)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the prime minister", - "elections": "president is elected by popular vote for a four-year term (no term limits); election last held on 30 June 2012 (next to be held in June 2016); note - following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually the prime minister", - "election_results": "Olafur Ragnar GRIMSSON elected president; percent of vote - Olafur Ragnar GRIMSSON 52.8%, Thora ARNORSDOTTIR 33.2%, Ari Trausti GUDMUNDSSON 8.6%, other 5.4%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Althingi (parliament) (63 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 27 April 2013 (next to be held in 2017)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - SDA 30.16%, IP 25.4%, LGM 17.46%, PP 14.29%, Bright Future 3.18%, Dawn 3.18%, Rainbow 3.18%, Pirate Party 1.59%, Solidarity 1.59%; seats by party - SDA 19, IP 16, LGM 11, PP 9, Bright Future 2, Dawn 2, Rainbow 2, Pirate Party 1, Solidarity 1" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Haestirettur (consists of 9 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges proposed by Ministry of Interior selection committee and appointed by the president; judges appointed for an indefinite period", - "subordinate_courts": "8 district courts; Labor Court" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Bright Future [Guomundur STEINGRIMSSON] [Robert MARSHALL]; Dawn [Margret Tryggvadottir Por SAARI]; Independence Party (Sjalfstaedisflokkurinn) or IP [Bjarni BENEDIKTSSON]; Left-Green Movement or LGM [Steingrimur SIGFUSSON]; Pirate Party [Biritta JONSDOTTIR]; Progressive Party (Framsoknarflokkurinn) or PP [Sigmundur David GUNNLAUGSSON]; Rainbow [Atli GISLASON] [Jon BJARNASON]; Social Democratic Alliance or SDA [Johanna SIGURDARDOTTIR]; Solidarity [Lilja MOSESDOTTIR]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, EU (candidate country), FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Gudmundur A. STEFANSSON", - "chancery": "House of Sweden, 2900 K Street NW #509, Washington, DC 20007", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 265-6653", - "fax": "[1] (202) 265-6656", - "consulates_general": "New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Luis E. ARREAGA", - "embassy": "Laufasvegur 21, 101 Reykjavik", - "mailing_address": "US Department of State, 5640 Reykjavik Place, Washington, D.C. 20521-5640", - "telephone": "[354] 595-22 00", - "fax": "[354] 562-9118" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "blue with a red cross outlined in white extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag); the colors represent three of the elements that make up the island: red is for the island's volcanic fires, white recalls the snow and ice fields of the island, and blue is for the surrounding ocean" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "gyrfalcon" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Lofsongur\" (Song of Praise)", - "lyrics_music": "Matthias JOCHUMSSON/Sveinbjorn SVEINBJORNSSON", - "note": "adopted 1944; the anthem, also known as \"O, Gud vors lands\" (O, God of Our Land), was originally written and performed in 1874" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Iceland's Scandinavian-type social-market economy combines a capitalist structure and free-market principles with an extensive welfare system. Prior to the 2008 crisis, Iceland had achieved high growth, low unemployment, and a remarkably even distribution of income. The economy depends heavily on the fishing industry, which provides 40% of export earnings, more than 12% of GDP, and employs nearly 5% of the work force. It remains sensitive to declining fish stocks as well as to fluctuations in world prices for its main exports: fish and fish products, aluminum, and ferrosilicon. Iceland's economy has been diversifying into manufacturing and service industries in the last decade, particularly within the fields of software production, biotechnology, and tourism. Abundant geothermal and hydropower sources have attracted substantial foreign investment in the aluminum sector, boosted economic growth, and sparked some interest from high-tech firms looking to establish data centers using cheap green energy, although the financial crisis has put several investment projects on hold. Much of Iceland's economic growth in recent years came as the result of a boom in domestic demand following the rapid expansion of the country's financial sector. Domestic banks expanded aggressively in foreign markets, and consumers and businesses borrowed heavily in foreign currencies, following the privatization of the banking sector in the early 2000s. Worsening global financial conditions throughout 2008 resulted in a sharp depreciation of the krona vis-a-vis other major currencies. The foreign exposure of Icelandic banks, whose loans and other assets totaled more than 10 times the country's GDP, became unsustainable. Iceland's three largest banks collapsed in late 2008. The country secured over $10 billion in loans from the IMF and other countries to stabilize its currency and financial sector, and to back government guarantees for foreign deposits in Icelandic banks. GDP fell 6.8% in 2009, and unemployment peaked at 9.4% in February 2009. GDP rose 2.7% in 2012 and unemployment declined to 5.6%. Since the collapse of Iceland's financial sector, government economic priorities have included: stabilizing the krona, implementing capital controls, reducing Iceland's high budget deficit, containing inflation, addressing high household debt, restructuring the financial sector, and diversifying the economy. Three new banks were established to take over the domestic assets of the collapsed banks. Two of them have foreign majority ownership, while the State holds a majority of the shares of the third. Iceland began making payments to the UK, the Netherlands, and other claimants in late 2011 following Iceland's Supreme Court ruling that upheld 2008 emergency legislation that gives priority to depositors for compensation from failed Icelandic banks. Iceland owes British and Dutch authorities approximately $5.5 billion for compensating British and Dutch citizens who lost deposits in Icesave when parent bank Landsbanki failed in 2008. Iceland began accession negotiations with the EU in July 2010; however, public support has dropped substantially because of concern about losing control over fishing resources and in reaction to worries over the ongoing Eurozone crisis." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$13.04 billion (2012 est.); $12.83 billion (2011 est.); $12.47 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$13.65 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.6% (2012 est.); 2.9% (2011 est.); -4.1% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$39,900 (2012 est.); $39,400 (2011 est.); $38,600 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "9.7% of GDP (2012 est.); 8.2% of GDP (2011 est.); 4.4% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "53.6%", - "government_consumption": "25.5%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "14.4%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.2%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "59.2%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-52.9% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "5.8%", - "industry": "23.6%", - "services": "70.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "potatoes, green vegetables; mutton, chicken, pork, beef, dairy products; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "fish processing; aluminum smelting, ferrosilicon production; geothermal power, hydropower, tourism" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-2.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "180,100 (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "4.8%", - "industry": "22.2%", - "services": "73% (2008)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "6% (2012 est.); 7.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%", - "note": "332,100 families (2011 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "28 (2006); 25 (2005)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$5.796 billion", - "expenditures": "$6.051 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "42.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-1.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "124.7% of GDP (2012 est.); 128.4% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "5.2% (2012 est.); 4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "5.4% (31 January 2012 est.); 5.75% (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "8.33% (31 December 2012 est.); 7.7% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$3.562 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.053 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$12.57 billion (31 December 2010 est.); $12.68 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$18.98 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $19.64 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$2.021 billion (31 December 2011); $1.996 billion (31 December 2010); $1.128 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$700 million (2012 est.); -$953 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$5.049 billion (2012 est.); $5.344 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "fish and fish products 40%, aluminum, animal products, ferrosilicon, diatomite" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Netherlands 30.1%, Germany 12.9%, UK 9.8%, Norway 5%, US 4.5%, France 4.4% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$4.443 billion (2012 est.); $4.506 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, petroleum products, foodstuffs, textiles" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Norway 16.6%, US 10.1%, Germany 9.2%, China 7.1%, Brazil 6.6%, Netherlands 5.7%, Denmark 5.6%, UK 4.7% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$4.192 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $8.55 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$100.2 billion (31 December 2012); $110.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "; $9.2 billion (31 December 2008)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "; $8.8 billion (31 December 2008)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Icelandic kronur (ISK) per US dollar -; 125.08 (2012 est.); 115.95 (2011 est.); 122.24 (2010 est.); 123.64 (2009); 85.619 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "16.77 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "15.98 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "2.571 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "4.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "72.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "22.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "20,770 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "1,209 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "15,530 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "3.357 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "191,100 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "344,100 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "telecommunications infrastructure is modern and fully digitized, with satellite-earth stations, fiber-optic cables, and an extensive broadband network", - "domestic": "liberalization of the telecommunications sector beginning in the late 1990s has led to increased competition especially in the mobile services segment of the market", - "international": "country code - 354; the CANTAT-3 and FARICE-1 submarine cable systems provide connectivity to Canada, the Faroe Islands, UK, Denmark, and Germany; a planned new section of the Hibernia-Atlantic submarine cable will provide additional connectivity to Canada, US, and Ireland; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Iceland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-owned public TV broadcaster operates 1 TV channel nationally; several privately owned TV stations broadcast nationally and roughly another half-dozen operate locally; about one-half the households utilize multi-channel cable or satellite TV services; state-owned public radio broadcaster operates 2 national networks and 4 regional stations; 2 privately owned radio stations operate nationally and another 15 provide more limited coverage (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".is" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "369,969 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "301,600 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "96 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "7", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", - "914_to_1_523_m": "3 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "89", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", - "914_to_1_523_m": "26", - "under_914_m": "60 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "12,890 km", - "paved_oiled_gravel": "4,782 km (does not include urban roads)", - "unpaved": "8,108 km (2012)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "2", - "by_type": "passenger/cargo 2", - "registered_in_other_countries": "19 (Antigua and Barbuda 10, Belize 1, Faroe Islands 4, Finland 1, Gibraltar 1, Norway 2) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Grundartangi, Hafnarfjordur, Reykjavik" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "no regular military forces; Icelandic National Police; Icelandic Coast Guard (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "75,337 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "62,781", - "females_age_16_49": "61,511 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "2,277", - "female": "2,200 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0% of GDP (2005 est.)" - }, - "military_note": { - "text": "Iceland has no standing military force; all US military forces in Iceland were withdrawn as of October 2006; defense of Iceland remains a NATO commitment and NATO maintains an air policing presence in Icelandic airspace; Iceland participates in international peacekeeping missions with the civilian-manned Icelandic Crisis Response Unit (ICRU) (2011)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Iceland, the UK, and Ireland dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm; the European Free Trade Association Surveillance Authority filed a suit against Iceland, claiming the country violated the European Economic Area agreement in failing to pay minimum compensation to Icesave depositors" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "stateless_persons": "119 (2012)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/it-italy.json b/europe/it-italy.json deleted file mode 100644 index 663a3589..00000000 --- a/europe/it-italy.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,627 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Italy became a nation-state in 1861 when the regional states of the peninsula, along with Sardinia and Sicily, were united under King Victor EMMANUEL II. An era of parliamentary government came to a close in the early 1920s when Benito MUSSOLINI established a Fascist dictatorship. His alliance with Nazi Germany led to Italy's defeat in World War II. A democratic republic replaced the monarchy in 1946 and economic revival followed. Italy is a charter member of NATO and the European Economic Community (EEC). It has been at the forefront of European economic and political unification, joining the Economic and Monetary Union in 1999. Persistent problems include sluggish economic growth, high youth and female unemployment, organized crime, corruption, and economic disparities between southern Italy and the more prosperous north." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southern Europe, a peninsula extending into the central Mediterranean Sea, northeast of Tunisia" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "42 50 N, 12 50 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "301,340 sq km", - "land": "294,140 sq km", - "water": "7,200 sq km", - "note": "includes Sardinia and Sicily" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than Arizona" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,899.2 km", - "border_countries": "Austria 430 km, France 488 km, Holy See (Vatican City) 3.2 km, San Marino 39 km, Slovenia 199 km, Switzerland 740 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "7,600 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "predominantly Mediterranean; Alpine in far north; hot, dry in south" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly rugged and mountainous; some plains, coastal lowlands" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Mediterranean Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Mont Blanc (Monte Bianco) de Courmayeur 4,748 m (a secondary peak of Mont Blanc)" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "coal, mercury, zinc, potash, marble, barite, asbestos, pumice, fluorspar, feldspar, pyrite (sulfur), natural gas and crude oil reserves, fish, arable land" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "22.57%", - "permanent_crops": "8.37%", - "other": "69.07% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "39,510 sq km (2007)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "191.3 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "45.41 cu km/yr (24%/43%/34%)", - "per_capita": "789.8 cu m/yr (2008)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "regional risks include landslides, mudflows, avalanches, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding; land subsidence in Venice", - "volcanism": "significant volcanic activity; Etna (elev. 3,330 m), which is in eruption as of 2010, is Europe's most active volcano; flank eruptions pose a threat to nearby Sicilian villages; Etna, along with the famous Vesuvius, which remains a threat to the millions of nearby residents in the Bay of Naples area, have both been deemed \"Decade Volcanoes\" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to their explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Stromboli, on its namesake island, has also been continuously active with moderate volcanic activity; other historically active volcanoes include Campi Flegrei, Ischia, Larderello, Pantelleria, Vulcano, and Vulsini" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "air pollution from industrial emissions such as sulfur dioxide; coastal and inland rivers polluted from industrial and agricultural effluents; acid rain damaging lakes; inadequate industrial waste treatment and disposal facilities" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location dominating central Mediterranean as well as southern sea and air approaches to Western Europe" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Italian(s)", - "adjective": "Italian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Italian (includes small clusters of German-, French-, and Slovene-Italians in the north and Albanian-Italians and Greek-Italians in the south)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Italian (official), German (parts of Trentino-Alto Adige region are predominantly German speaking), French (small French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene (Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Christian 80% (overwhelming Roman Catholic with very small groups of Jehova Witnesses and Protestants), Muslims NEGL (about 700,000 but growing), Atheists and Agnostics 20%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "61,482,297 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "13.8% (male 4,335,746/female 4,148,249)", - "15_24_years": "9.9% (male 3,059,140/female 3,035,991)", - "25_54_years": "43.2% (male 13,133,733/female 13,416,626)", - "55_64_years": "12.3% (male 3,675,324/female 3,913,918)", - "65_years_and_over": "20.8% (male 5,454,283/female 7,309,287) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "54.3 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "21.7 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "32.6 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "3.1 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "44.2 years", - "male": "43 years", - "female": "45.3 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.34% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "8.94 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "10.01 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "4.47 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "68% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.5% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "ROME (capital) 3.357 million; Milan 2.962 million; Naples 2.27 million; Turin 1.662 million; Palermo 872,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.94 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.74 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.93 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "27.7 (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "4 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "3.33 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "3.54 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "3.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "81.95 years", - "male": "79.32 years", - "female": "84.73 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.41 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "62.7%", - "note": "percent of women aged 20-49 (1995/96)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "9.5% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "4.24 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "3.6 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.3% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "140,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "19.8% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "4.7% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99%", - "male": "99.2%", - "female": "98.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "16 years", - "male": "16 years", - "female": "17 years (2010)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "29.1%", - "male": "27.1%", - "female": "32% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Italian Republic", - "conventional_short_form": "Italy", - "local_long_form": "Repubblica Italiana", - "local_short_form": "Italia", - "former": "Kingdom of Italy" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Rome", - "geographic_coordinates": "41 54 N, 12 29 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "15 regions (regioni, singular - regione) and 5 autonomous regions (regioni autonome, singular - regione autonoma)", - "regions": "Abruzzo, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Emilia-Romagna, Lazio (Latium), Liguria, Lombardia, Marche, Molise, Piemonte (Piedmont), Puglia (Apulia), Toscana (Tuscany), Umbria, Veneto (Venetia)", - "autonomous_regions": "Friuli-Venezia Giulia; Sardegna (Sardinia); Sicilia (Sicily); Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-South Tyrol) or Trentino-Suedtirol (German); Valle d'Aosta (Aosta Valley) or Vallee d'Aoste (French)" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "17 March 1861 (Kingdom of Italy proclaimed; Italy was not finally unified until 1870)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Republic Day, 2 June (1946)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "passed 11 December 1947, effective 1 January 1948; amended many times" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system; judicial review under certain conditions in Constitutional Court" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal (except in senatorial elections, where minimum age is 25)" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Giorgio NAPOLITANO (since 15 May 2006)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Enrico LETTA (since 17 April 2013); note - the prime minister is referred to as the President of the Council of Ministers", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister and nominated by the President of the Republic", - "elections": "president elected by an electoral college consisting of both houses of parliament and 58 regional representatives for a seven-year term (no term limits); election last held on 24-25 February 2013 (next to be held in 2020); prime minister appointed by the president and confirmed by parliament; note - elections were held in February, but resulted in a political stalemate to be determined by formal talks beginning in March; by mid-April 2013 no governing coaliton has been formed; on 18 April 2013 indirect elections for president were begun; on the sixth round Giorgio NAPOLITANO was elected president with 739 votes", - "election_results": "Giorgio NAPOLITANO elected president on the sixth round of voting; electoral college vote - 739" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlamento consists of the Senate or Senato della Repubblica (315 seats; members elected by proportional vote with the winning coalition in each region receiving 55% of seats from that region; members to serve five-year terms; and up to 5 senators for life appointed by the president of the Republic) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camera dei Deputati (630 seats; members elected by popular vote with the winning national coalition receiving 54% of chamber seats; members to serve five-year terms); note - it has not been clarified if each president has the power to designate up to five senators or if five is the number of senators for life who might sit in the Senate", - "elections": "Senate - last held on 24-25 February 2013 (next to be held in 2018); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 24-25 February 2013 (next to be held in 2018)", - "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Pier Luigi BERSANI coalition 123 (PD 111, SEL 7, SVP 2, other 3), Silvio BERLUSCONI coalition 117 (PdL 98, LN 18, other 1), M5S 54, Mario MONTI coalition 19, other 2; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Pier Luigi BERSANI coalition 345 (PD 297, SEL 37, CD 6 SVP 5), Silvio BERLUSCONI coalition 125 (PdL 98, LN 18, FdI 9), M5S 109, Mario MONTI coalition 47, other 4; note - President NAPOLITANO dissolved Parliament on 22 December 2012" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Cassation or Corte Suprema di Cassazione (organized into penal, civil, administrative, and military divisions, each with a president and several judges); Constitutional Court or Corte Costituzionale (consists of 15 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the Superior Council of the Judiciary, headed by the president, to serve NA terms; Constitutional Court judges - 5 appointed by the president, 5 elected by parliament, 5 elected by select higher courts; judges serve up to 9 years)", - "subordinate_courts": "various lower civil and criminal courts (primary and secondary tribunals, courts, and courts of appeal)" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "center_right_coalition_[silvio_berlusconi]": "People of Freedom or PdL [Silvio BERLUSCONI]; Northern League or LN [Roberto MARONI]; Brothers of Italy or Fdl [Giorgia MELONI and Ignazio LA RUSSA]; The Right or LD [Francesco STORACE]; other minor parties; ", - "italy_common_good_center_left_[pier_luigi_bersani]": "Democratic Party or PD [Pier Luigi BERSANI]; Left Ecology Freedom or SEL [Nichi VENDOLA]; Italian Socialist Party or PSI [Riccardo NENCINI]; Democratic Centre or CD [Bruno TABACCI and Massimo DONADI]; South Tyrolean People's Party or SVP [Luis DURNWALDER]; ", - "with_monti_for_italy_centrist": "Civic Choice or SC [Mario MONTI]; Union of the Center or UdC [Pier Ferdinando CASINI]; Future and Freedom for Italy or FLI [Gianfranco FINI]; ", - "other_coalitions_and_parties": "Civil Revolution or RC [Antonio INGROIA]; Act to Stop the Decline or FiD [Oscar GIANNINO]; Five Star Movment or M5S [Beppe GRILLO]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "manufacturers and merchants associations - Confcommercio; Confindustria; organized farm groups - Confcoltivatori; Confagricoltura; Roman Catholic Church; three major trade union confederations - Confederazione Generale Italiana del Lavoro or CGIL [Susanna CAMUSSO] which is left wing; Confederazione Italiana dei Sindacati Lavoratori or CISL [Raffaele BONANNI], which is Roman Catholic centrist; Unione Italiana del Lavoro or UIL [Luigi ANGELETTI] which is lay centrist" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CDB, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-20, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNMISS, UNMOGIP, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Claudio BISOGNIERO", - "chancery": "3000 Whitehaven Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 612-4400", - "fax": "[1] (202) 518-2154", - "consulates_general": "Boston, Chicago, Houston, Miami, New York, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, San Francisco", - "consulates": "Detroit, Newark (NJ), San Francisco" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador David THORNE", - "embassy": "Via Vittorio Veneto 121, 00187-Rome", - "mailing_address": "PSC 59, Box 100, APO AE 09624", - "telephone": "[39] (06) 46741", - "fax": "[39] (06) 4674-2244", - "consulates_general": "Florence, Milan, Naples" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and red; design inspired by the French flag brought to Italy by Napoleon in 1797; colors are those of Milan (red and white) combined with the green uniform color of the Milanese civic guard", - "note": "similar to the flag of Mexico, which is longer, uses darker shades of red and green, and has its coat of arms centered on the white band; Ireland, which is longer and is green (hoist side), white, and orange; also similar to the flag of the Cote d'Ivoire, which has the colors reversed - orange (hoist side), white, and green" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "white, five-pointed star (Stella d'Italia)" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Il Canto degli Italiani\" (The Song of the Italians)", - "lyrics_music": "Goffredo MAMELI/Michele NOVARO", - "note": "adopted 1946; the anthem, originally written in 1847, is also known as \"L'Inno di Mameli\" (Mameli's Hymn), and \"Fratelli D'Italia\" (Brothers of Italy)" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Italy has a diversified industrial economy, which is divided into a developed industrial north, dominated by private companies, and a less-developed, highly subsidized, agricultural south, where unemployment is high. The Italian economy is driven in large part by the manufacture of high-quality consumer goods produced by small and medium-sized enterprises, many of them family-owned. Italy also has a sizable underground economy, which by some estimates accounts for as much as 17% of GDP. These activities are most common within the agriculture, construction, and service sectors. Italy is the third-largest economy in the euro-zone, but its exceptionally high public debt and structural impediments to growth have rendered it vulnerable to scrutiny by financial markets. Public debt has increased steadily since 2007, topping 126% of GDP in 2012, and investor concerns about the broader euro-zone crisis at times have caused borrowing costs on sovereign government debt to rise to euro-era records. During the second half of 2011 the government passed three austerity packages to reduce its budget deficit and help bring down borrowing costs. These measures included a hike in the value-added tax, pension reforms, and cuts to public administration. The government also faces pressure from investors and European partners to sustain its recent efforts to address Italy's long-standing structural impediments to growth, such as labor market inefficiencies and widespread tax evasion. In 2012 economic growth and labor market conditions deteriorated, with growth at -2.3% and unemployment rising to nearly 11%, with youth unemployment around 35%. The government has undertaken several reform initiatives designed to increase long-term economic growth. Italy's GDP is now 7% below its 2007 pre-crisis level." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$1.863 trillion (2012 est.); $1.908 trillion (2011 est.); $1.901 trillion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$2.014 trillion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "-2.4% (2012 est.); 0.4% (2011 est.); 1.7% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$30,600 (2012 est.); $31,500 (2011 est.); $31,500 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "16.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 16.5% of GDP (2011 est.); 16.4% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "60.7%", - "government_consumption": "20.5%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "18.2%", - "investment_in_inventories": "-0.6%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "30.3%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-29.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "2%", - "industry": "24.2%", - "services": "73.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "fruits, vegetables, grapes, potatoes, sugar beets, soybeans, grain, olives; beef, dairy products; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "tourism, machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, food processing, textiles, motor vehicles, clothing, footwear, ceramics" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-4.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "25.65 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "3.9%", - "industry": "28.3%", - "services": "67.8% (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "10.6% (2012 est.); 8.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "19.6% (2011)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.3%", - "highest_10%": "26.8% (2000)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "31.9 (2011); 27.3 (1995)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$972.5 billion", - "expenditures": "$1.034 trillion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "48.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "127% of GDP (2012 est.); 120.8% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "Italy reports its data on public debt according to guidelines set out in the Maastricht Treaty; general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year, in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the central government, state government, local government and social security funds" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "3.3% (2012 est.); 2.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "1.5% (31 December 2012); 1.75% (31 December 2010)", - "note": "this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "5.22% (31 December 2012 est.); 4.6% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$1.161 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.147 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)", - "note": "see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$1.944 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.957 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$3.435 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.209 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$431.5 billion (31 December 2011); $318.1 billion (31 December 2010); $317.3 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$30.3 billion (2012 est.); -$71.87 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$478.9 billion (2012 est.); $503.1 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "engineering products, textiles and clothing, production machinery, motor vehicles, transport equipment, chemicals; food, beverages and tobacco; minerals, nonferrous metals" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 12.8%, France 11.3%, US 6.6%, Switzerland 5.8%, UK 5%, Spain 4.8% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$453.5 billion (2012 est.); $524 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "engineering products, chemicals, transport equipment, energy products, minerals and nonferrous metals, textiles and clothing; food, beverages, and tobacco" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 15.7%, France 8.9%, China 7%, Netherlands 5.8%, Spain 4.8%, Belgium 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$181.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $173.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$2.493 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.35 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$453.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $436.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$661.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $617 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -; 0.7778 (2012 est.); 0.7185 (2011 est.); 0.755 (2010 est.); 0.7198 (2009 est.); 0.6827 (2008 est.)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "302.6 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "313.8 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "1.787 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "47.52 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "122.3 million kW (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "65% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "18% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "15.8% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "99,200 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "6,300 bbl/day (2010 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "1.591 million bbl/day (2010 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "523.2 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "1.887 million bbl/day (2010 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "1.454 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "628,000 bbl/day (2010 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "393,300 bbl/day (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "8.364 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "77.83 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "123 million cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "70.37 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "66 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "416.4 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "22.116 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "96.005 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "modern, well-developed, fast; fully automated telephone, telex, and data services", - "domestic": "high-capacity cable and microwave radio relay trunks", - "international": "country code - 39; a series of submarine cables provide links to Asia, Middle East, Europe, North Africa, and US; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (with a total of 5 antennas - 3 for Atlantic Ocean and 2 for Indian Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region), and NA Eutelsat (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "two Italian media giants dominate - the publicly owned Radiotelevisione Italiana (RAI) with 3 national terrestrial stations and privately owned Mediaset with 3 national terrestrial stations; a large number of private stations and Sky Italia - a satellite TV network; RAI operates 3 AM/FM nationwide radio stations; some 1,300 commercial radio stations (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".it" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "25.662 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "29.235 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "129 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "98", - "over_3_047_m": "9", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "31", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "18", - "914_to_1_523_m": "29", - "under_914_m": "11 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "31", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "10", - "under_914_m": "20 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "5 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 20,223 km; oil 1,393 km; refined products 1,574 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "20,255 km", - "standard_gauge": "18,611 km 1.435-m gauge (12,662 km electrified)", - "narrow_gauge": "123 km 1.000-m gauge (123 km electrified); 1,290 km 0.950-m gauge (151 km electrified); 231 km 0.850-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "487,700 km", - "paved": "487,700 km (includes 6,700 km of expressways) (2007)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "2,400 km (used for commercial traffic; of limited overall value compared to road and rail) (2012)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "681", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 105, cargo 42, carrier 1, chemical tanker 164, container 21, liquefied gas 28, passenger 25, passenger/cargo 154, petroleum tanker 59, refrigerated cargo 4, roll on/roll off 39, specialized tanker 9, vehicle carrier 30", - "foreign_owned": "90 (Denmark 4, France 2, Greece 7, Luxembourg 14, Netherlands 2, Nigeria 1, Norway 6, Singapore 1, Sweden 1, Switzerland 13, Taiwan 10, Turkey 4, UK 2, US 23)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "201 (Bahamas 1, Belize 3, Cayman Islands 7, Cyprus 6, Georgia 2, Gibraltar 4, Greece 5, Liberia 47, Malta 45, Marshall Islands 1, Morocco 1, Netherlands 6, Panama 25, Portugal 12, Russia 14, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4, Singapore 5, Slovakia 2, Spain 1, Sweden 5, Turkey 1, UK 3, unknown 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Augusta, Cagliari, Genoa, Livorno, Taranto, Trieste, Venice", - "oil_terminals": "Melilli (Santa Panagia) oil terminal, Sarroch oil terminal" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Italian Armed Forces: Army (Esercito Italiano, EI), Navy (Marina Militare Italiana, MMI), Italian Air Force (Aeronautica Militare Italiana, AMI), Carabinieri Corps (Arma dei Carabinieri, CC) (2011)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; women may serve in any military branch; Italian citizenship required; 12-month service obligation (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "13,865,688", - "females_age_16_49": "14,003,755 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "11,247,446", - "females_age_16_49": "11,348,695 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "288,188", - "female": "281,671 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.8% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Italy's long coastline and developed economy entices tens of thousands of illegal immigrants from southeastern Europe and northern Africa" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "11,345 (Eritrea); 9,284 (Somalia); 5,058 (Afghanistan) (2012)", - "stateless_persons": "470 (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "important gateway for and consumer of Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market; money laundering by organized crime and from smuggling" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/li-liechtenstein.json b/europe/li-liechtenstein.json deleted file mode 100644 index 9ce0b4a0..00000000 --- a/europe/li-liechtenstein.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,405 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The Principality of Liechtenstein was established within the Holy Roman Empire in 1719. Occupied by both French and Russian troops during the Napoleonic Wars, it became a sovereign state in 1806 and joined the Germanic Confederation in 1815. Liechtenstein became fully independent in 1866 when the Confederation dissolved. Until the end of World War I, it was closely tied to Austria, but the economic devastation caused by that conflict forced Liechtenstein to enter into a customs and monetary union with Switzerland. Since World War II (in which Liechtenstein remained neutral), the country's low taxes have spurred outstanding economic growth. In 2000, shortcomings in banking regulatory oversight resulted in concerns about the use of financial institutions for money laundering. However, Liechtenstein implemented anti-money laundering legislation and a Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty with the US that went into effect in 2003." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "47 16 N, 9 32 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "160 sq km", - "land": "160 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "76 km", - "border_countries": "Austria 34.9 km, Switzerland 41.1 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (doubly landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Ruggeller Riet 430 m", - "highest_point": "Vorder-Grauspitz 2,599 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "hydroelectric potential, arable land" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "21.88%", - "permanent_crops": "0%", - "other": "78.12% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Law of the Sea" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "along with Uzbekistan, one of only two doubly landlocked countries in the world; variety of microclimatic variations based on elevation" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Liechtensteiner(s)", - "adjective": "Liechtenstein" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Liechtensteiner 65.6%, other 34.4% (2000 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "German (official), Alemannic dialect" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic (official) 76.2%, Protestant 7%, unknown 10.6%, other 6.2% (June 2002)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "37,009 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "15.9% (male 3,101/female 2,785)", - "15_24_years": "11.7% (male 2,183/female 2,149)", - "25_54_years": "43.6% (male 8,026/female 8,110)", - "55_64_years": "13.4% (male 2,466/female 2,478)", - "65_years_and_over": "15.4% (male 2,570/female 3,141) (2013 est.)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "42.1 years", - "male": "41.1 years", - "female": "43.1 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.81% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "10.67 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "6.89 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "4.35 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "14% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.9% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "VADUZ (capital) 5,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.26 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.09 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.81 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "4.36 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "4.64 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "4 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "81.59 years", - "male": "79.45 years", - "female": "84.29 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.69 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "2.1% of GDP (2008)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 10 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "100%", - "male": "100%", - "female": "100%" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "15 years", - "male": "16 years", - "female": "14 years (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Principality of Liechtenstein", - "conventional_short_form": "Liechtenstein", - "local_long_form": "Fuerstentum Liechtenstein", - "local_short_form": "Liechtenstein" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "hereditary constitutional monarchy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Vaduz", - "geographic_coordinates": "47 08 N, 9 31 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "11 communes (Gemeinden, singular - Gemeinde); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, Vaduz" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "23 January 1719 (Principality of Liechtenstein established); 12 July 1806 (independence from the Holy Roman Empire); 24 August 1866 (independence from the German Confederation)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Assumption Day, 15 August" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "5 October 1921; amended 15 September 2003" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system influenced by Swiss, Austrian, and German law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "Prince HANS ADAM II (since 13 November 1989, assumed executive powers on 26 August 1984); Heir Apparent Prince ALOIS, son of the monarch (born 11 June 1968); note - on 15 August 2004, HANS ADAM transferred the official duties of the ruling prince to ALOIS, but HANS ADAM retains status of chief of state", - "head_of_government": "Head of Government (Prime Minister) Adrian HASLER (since 27 March 2013)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet elected by the Parliament, confirmed by the monarch", - "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the Landtag usually appointed the head of government by the monarch and the leader of the largest minority party in the Landtag usually appointed the deputy head of government by the monarch if there is a coalition government" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament or Landtag (25 seats; members elected by popular vote under proportional representation to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 3 February 2013 (next to be held in February 2017)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - FBP 40.0%, VU 33.5%, DU 15.3% FL 11.1%; seats by party - FBP 10, VU 8, DU 4, FL 3" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof (consists of 5 judges); Constitutional Court or Verfassungsgericht (consists of 5 judges and 5 alternates)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges of both courts elected by the Landtag and appointed by the monarch; Supreme Court judges serve 4-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court judge tenure NA", - "subordinate_courts": "Court of Appeal or Obergericht (second instance), Court of Justice (first instance), Administrative Court, county courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "The Free List (Die Freie Liste) or FL [Wolfgang MARXER]; the independents (Die Unabhaengigen) or DU [Harry QUADERER]; Progressive Citizens' Party (Fortschrittliche Buergerpartei) or FBP [Alexander BATLINER]; Fatherland Union (Vaterlaendische Union) or VU [Jakob BUECHEL]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "CD, CE, EBRD, EFTA, IAEA, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WIPO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Claudia FRITSCHE", - "chancery": "2900 K Street, NW, Suite 602B, Washington, DC 20007", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 331-0590", - "fax": "[1] (202) 331-3221" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Liechtenstein; the US Ambassador to Switzerland is accredited to Liechtenstein" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band; the colors may derive from the blue and red livery design used in the principality's household in the 18th century; the prince's crown was introduced in 1937 to distinguish the flag from that of Haiti" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Oben am jungen Rhein\" (High Above the Young Rhine)", - "lyrics_music": "Jakob Joseph JAUCH/Josef FROMMELT", - "note": "adopted 1850, revised 1963; the anthem uses the tune of \"God Save the Queen\"" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Despite its small size and limited natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital financial service sector and likely the second highest per capita income in the world. The Liechtenstein economy is widely diversified with a large number of small businesses. Low business taxes - the maximum tax rate is 20% - and easy incorporation rules have induced many holding companies to establish nominal offices in Liechtenstein providing 30% of state revenues. The country participates in a customs union with Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc as its national currency. It imports more than 90% of its energy requirements. Liechtenstein has been a member of the European Economic Area (an organization serving as a bridge between the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and the EU) since May 1995. The government is working to harmonize its economic policies with those of an integrated Europe. Since 2008, Liechtenstein has faced renewed international pressure - particularly from Germany - to improve transparency in its banking and tax systems. In December 2008, Liechtenstein signed a Tax Information Exchange Agreement with the US. Upon Liechtenstein's conclusion of 12 bilateral information-sharing agreements, the OECD in October 2009 removed the principality from its \"grey list\" of countries that had yet to implement the organization's Model Tax Convention. By the end of 2010, Liechtenstein had signed 25 Tax Information Exchange Agreements or Double Tax Agreements. In 2011 Liechtenstein joined the Schengen area, which allows passport-free travel across 26 European countries." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$3.2 billion (2009); $3.216 billion (2008); $3.159 billion (2007)" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$5.113 billion (2010)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.5% (2009 est.); 1.8% (2008 est.); 3.1% (2007 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$89,400 (2009 est.); $90,600 (2008 est.); $89,700 (2007 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "8%", - "industry": "37%", - "services": "55% (2009)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "wheat, barley, corn, potatoes; livestock, dairy products" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "electronics, metal manufacturing, dental products, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism, optical instruments" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "35,250 (2010)", - "note": "51% of the labor force in Liechtenstein commuted daily from Austria, Switzerland, or Germany (2012)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "0.8%", - "industry": "39.4%", - "services": "59.9% (2010)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "2.5% (2011); 2.2% (2010)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$1.29 billion", - "expenditures": "$1.372 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "25.2% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-1.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "0.2% (2011); 0.7% (2010)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$3.76 billion (2011 est.); $3.191 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "trade data exclude trade with Switzerland" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "small specialty machinery, connectors for audio and video, parts for motor vehicles, dental products, hardware, prepared foodstuffs, electronic equipment, optical products" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$2.218 billion (2011 est.); $1.806 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "trade data exclude trade with Switzerland" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "agricultural products, raw materials, energy products, machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$0 (2001)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Swiss francs (CHF) per US dollar -; 0.9374 (2012); 0.8876 (2011); 1.0429 (2010); 1.0881 (2009); 1.0774 (2008)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "19,600 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "37,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "automatic telephone system", - "domestic": "fixed-line and mobile-cellular services widely available; combined telephone service subscribership exceeds 150 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 423; linked to Swiss networks by cable and microwave radio relay (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "relies on foreign terrestrial and satellite broadcasters for most broadcast media services; first Liechtenstein-based TV station established August 2008; Radio Liechtenstein operates multiple radio stations; a Swiss-based broadcaster operates several radio stations in Liechtenstein (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".li" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "14,278 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "23,000 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 20 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "9 km", - "standard_gauge": "9 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified)", - "note": "belongs to the Austrian Railway System connecting Austria and Switzerland (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "380 km", - "paved": "380 km (2010)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "28 km (2010)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "no regular military forces; National Police maintains close relations with neighboring forces (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "8,009 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "6,538", - "females_age_16_49": "6,746 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "219", - "female": "211 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_note": { - "text": "Liechtenstein has no military forces, but the modern National Police maintains close relations with neighboring forces. (2013)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "stateless_persons": "5 (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "has strengthened money laundering controls, but money laundering remains a concern due to Liechtenstein's sophisticated offshore financial services sector" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/lt-lithuania.json b/europe/lt-lithuania.json deleted file mode 100644 index b2c5fa33..00000000 --- a/europe/lt-lithuania.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,617 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Lithuanian lands were united under MINDAUGAS in 1236; over the next century, through alliances and conquest, Lithuania extended its territory to include most of present-day Belarus and Ukraine. By the end of the 14th century Lithuania was the largest state in Europe. An alliance with Poland in 1386 led the two countries into a union through the person of a common ruler. In 1569, Lithuania and Poland formally united into a single dual state, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. This entity survived until 1795 when its remnants were partitioned by surrounding countries. Lithuania regained its independence following World War I but was annexed by the USSR in 1940 - an action never recognized by the US and many other countries. On 11 March 1990, Lithuania became the first of the Soviet republics to declare its independence, but Moscow did not recognize this proclamation until September of 1991 (following the abortive coup in Moscow). The last Russian troops withdrew in 1993. Lithuania subsequently restructured its economy for integration into Western European institutions; it joined both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Latvia and Russia" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "56 00 N, 24 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "65,300 sq km", - "land": "62,680 sq km", - "water": "2,620 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than West Virginia" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,574 km", - "border_countries": "Belarus 680 km, Latvia 576 km, Poland 91 km, Russia (Kaliningrad) 227 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "90 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "transitional, between maritime and continental; wet, moderate winters and summers" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "lowland, many scattered small lakes, fertile soil" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Baltic Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Aukstojas 294 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "peat, arable land, amber" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "33.48%", - "permanent_crops": "0.47%", - "other": "66.05% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "13.4 sq km (2007)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "24.9 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "2.38 cu km/yr (7%/90%/3%)", - "per_capita": "703.8 cu m/yr (2009)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "contamination of soil and groundwater with petroleum products and chemicals at military bases" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "fertile central plains are separated by hilly uplands that are ancient glacial deposits" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Lithuanian(s)", - "adjective": "Lithuanian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Lithuanian 84%, Polish 6.1%, Russian 4.9%, Belarusian 1.1%, other or unspecified 3.9% (2009)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Lithuanian (official) 82%, Russian 8%, Polish 5.6%, other and unspecified 4.4% (2001 census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 79%, Russian Orthodox 4.1%, Protestant (including Lutheran and Evangelical Christian Baptist) 1.9%, other or unspecified 5.5%, none 9.5% (2001 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "3,515,858 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "13.6% (male 245,028/female 232,356)", - "15_24_years": "13% (male 233,939/female 223,495)", - "25_54_years": "44.8% (male 784,389/female 790,066)", - "55_64_years": "11.9% (male 187,057/female 229,943)", - "65_years_and_over": "16.8% (male 204,314/female 385,271) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "44.6 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "22 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "22.7 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "4.4 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "40.8 years", - "male": "38.2 years", - "female": "43.3 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.28% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "9.36 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "11.48 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.73 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "67% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "-0.5% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "VILNIUS (capital) 546,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.81 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.53 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.89 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "26.6 (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "8 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "6.09 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "7.26 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "4.85 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "75.77 years", - "male": "70.96 years", - "female": "80.84 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.28 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "62.9%", - "note": "percent of women aged 18-49 (2006)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "7% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "3.66 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "6.8 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 93% of population; rural: 81% of population; total: 92% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 7% of population; rural: 19% of population; total: 8% of population (2000 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 95% of population; rural: 69% of population; total: 86% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 5% of population; rural: 31% of population; total: 14% of population (2000 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "1,200 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "intermediate", - "vectorborne_diseases": "tickborne encephalitis (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "27.6% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.7% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99.7%", - "male": "99.7%", - "female": "99.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "16 years", - "male": "15 years", - "female": "16 years (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "32.9%", - "male": "34.6%", - "female": "30.5% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Lithuania", - "conventional_short_form": "Lithuania", - "local_long_form": "Lietuvos Respublika", - "local_short_form": "Lietuva", - "former": "Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary democracy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Vilnius", - "geographic_coordinates": "54 41 N, 25 19 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "10 counties (apskritys, singular - apskritis); Alytaus, Kauno, Klaipedos, Marijampoles, Panevezio, Siauliu, Taurages, Telsiu, Utenos, Vilniaus" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "11 March 1990 (declared); 6 September 1991 (recognized by the Soviet Union); notable earlier dates: 6 July 1253 (coronation of MINDAUGAS, traditional founding date), 1 July 1569 (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth created)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 16 February (1918); note - 16 February 1918 was the date Lithuania declared its independence from Soviet Russia and established its statehood; 11 March 1990 was the date it declared its independence from the Soviet Union" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "adopted 25 October 1992; last amended 25 April 2006" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system; legislative acts can be appealed to the constitutional court" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Dalia GRYBAUSKAITE (since 12 July 2009)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Algirdas BUTKEVICIUS (since 22 November 2012)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the nomination of the prime minister and approval of the Parliament", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 17 May 2009 (next to be held in May 2014); prime minister appointed by the president on the approval of the Parliament", - "election_results": "Dalia GRYBAUSKAITE elected president; percent of vote - Dalia GRYBAUSKAITE 69.1%, Algirdas BUTKEVICIUS 11.8%, Valentinas MAZURONIS 6.2%, others 12.9%; Algirdas BUTKEVICIUS approved by Parliament 90-40" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament or Seimas (141 seats; 71 members elected in single-member districts, 70 elected by proportional representation; members to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 14 and 28 October 2012 (next to be held in October 2016)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party (proportional vote) - DP 19.8%, LSDP 18.4%, TS-LKD 15.1%, LS 8.6%, DK 8%, TT 7.3%, LLRA 5.8%, LVZS 3.9%, other parties 13.1%; seats by party - LSDP 38, TS-LKD 33, DP 29, TT 11, LS 10, LLRA 8, DK 7, unaffiliated 4, vacant 1" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of 37 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the Seimas; judges serve 5-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court judges selected by Seimas from among nominations by the president, by the Seimas chairperson, and Supreme Court chairperson; judges serve 9-year, nonrenewable terms; note - one-third of court judges reconstituted every 3 years", - "subordinate_courts": "Court of Appeals; district and local courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Christian Party or KP [Gediminas VAGNORIUS]; Civil Democracy Party or PDP [Algimantas MATULEVICIUS]; Democratic Labor and Unity Party or DDVP [Kristina BRAZAUSKIENE]; Electoral Action of Lithuanian Poles or LLRA [Valdemar TOMASEVSKI]; Emigrants Party or EP [Juozas MURAUSKAS]; Homeland Union-Lithuanian Christian Democrats or TS-LKD [Andrius KUBILIUS]; Labor Party or DP [Viktor USPASKICH]; Liberal and Center Union or LCS [Arturas MELIANAS]; Liberal Movement or LS or LRLS [Eligijus MASIULIS]; Lithuanian People's Party or LLP [Kazimiera PRUNSKIENE]; Lithuanian People's Party or LZP [Joana SIMANAUSKIENE]; Lithuanian Russian Union or LRS [Sergejus DMITRIJEVAS]; Lithuanian Social Democratic Party or LSDP [Algirdas BUTKEVICIUS]; Nationalist Union or TS [Gintaras SONGAILA]; Order and Justice Party or TT [Rolandas PAKSAS]; Peasant and Greens Union or LVZS [Ramunas KARBAUSKIS]; Republican Party or RP [Valdemaras VALKIUNAS]; Russian Alliance or RA [Tamara LOCHANKINA]; Socialist People's Front or SLF [Algirdas PALECKIS]; Way of Courage or DK [Jonas VARKALA]; YES-Homeland Revival and Perspective or YES Union or TAIP Union or TAIP [Arturas ZUOKAS]; Young Lithuania Party or PJL [Stanislovas BUSKEVICIUS]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "Australia Group, BA, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Zygimantas PAVILIONIS", - "chancery": "2622 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 234-5860", - "fax": "[1] (202) 328-0466", - "consulates_general": "Chicago, New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Deborah MCCARTHY", - "embassy": "Akmenu gatve 6, Vilnius, LT-03106", - "mailing_address": "American Embassy, Akmenu Gatve 6, Vilnius LT-03106", - "telephone": "[370] (5) 266-5500", - "fax": "[370] (5) 266-5510" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), green, and red; yellow symbolizes golden fields, as well as the sun, light, and goodness; green represents the forests of the countryside, in addition to nature, freedom, and hope; red stands for courage and the blood spilled in defense of the homeland" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "mounted knight known as Vytis (the Chaser)" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Tautiska giesme\" (The National Song)", - "lyrics_music": "Vincas KUDIRKA", - "note": "adopted 1918, restored 1990; the anthem was written in 1898 while Lithuania was a part of Russia; it was banned during the Soviet occupation from 1940 to 1990" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Lithuania gained membership in the World Trade Organization and joined the EU in May 2004. Despite its EU accession, Lithuania's trade with its Central and Eastern European neighbors, and Russia in particular, accounts for a significant share of total trade. Foreign investment and business support have helped in the transition from the old command economy to a market economy. Lithuania's economy grew on average 8% per year for the four years prior to 2008 driven by exports and domestic demand. Lithuania''s GDP plunged nearly 15% in 2009. The three former Soviet Baltic republics were among the hardest hit by the 2008-09 financial crisis. The government''s efforts to attract foreign investment, to develop export markets, and to pursue broad economic reforms has been key to Lithuania''s quick recovery from a deep recession, making Lithuania one of the fastest growing economies in the EU. Lithuania is committed to meeting the Maastricht criteria to join the euro zone, which the government expects to achieve by 2015. Under the Conservative Party''s leadership, Lithuania raised the monthly minimum wage in 2012 nearly 25% over 2011. Despite government efforts, unemployment - at 13.2% in 2012 - remains high." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$66.08 billion (2012 est.); $63.78 billion (2011 est.); $60.24 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$42.16 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.6% (2012 est.); 5.9% (2011 est.); 1.5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$22,000 (2012 est.); $21,000 (2011 est.); $18,300 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "15.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 19% of GDP (2011 est.); 19.2% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "64.2%", - "government_consumption": "17.7%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "16.7%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.3%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "83.9%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-83.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "3.3%", - "industry": "28.4%", - "services": "68.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "grain, potatoes, sugar beets, flax, vegetables; beef, milk, eggs; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "metal-cutting machine tools, electric motors, television sets, refrigerators and freezers, petroleum refining, shipbuilding (small ships), furniture making, textiles, food processing, fertilizers, agricultural machinery, optical equipment, electronic components, computers, amber jewelry" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "1.474 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "7.9%", - "industry": "19.6%", - "services": "72.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "14.9% (2012 est.); 15.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "4% (2008)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.6%", - "highest_10%": "29.1% (2008)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "35.5 (2009); 34 (1999)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$13.06 billion", - "expenditures": "$14.48 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "31% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-3.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "38.5% of GDP (2012 est.); 39.4% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "official data; data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "3% (2012 est.); 4.1% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "3% (31 December 2010 est.); 2.06% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "5.8% (31 December 2012 est.); 5.78% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$13.64 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $11.72 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$19.32 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $18.74 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$22.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $22.84 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$4.075 billion (31 December 2011); $5.661 billion (31 December 2010); $4.477 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$1.053 billion (2012 est.); -$670 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$29.64 billion (2012 est.); $28.1 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "mineral products, machinery and equipment, chemicals, textiles , foodstuffs, plastics" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Russia 19%, Latvia 11%, Estonia 7.9%, Germany 7.9%, UK 6.4%, Poland 6.1%, Netherlands 5.9%, Belarus 4.5% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$32.01 billion (2012 est.); $30.2 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "mineral products, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, chemicals, textiles and clothing, metals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Russia 32.5%, Germany 9.8%, Poland 9.8%, Latvia 6.1%, Netherlands 5.5% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$10.23 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $8.21 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$32.84 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $31.01 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$15.71 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $14.81 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$2.581 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.281 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "litai (LTL) per US dollar -; 2.686 (2012 est.); 2.481 (2011 est.); 2.6063 (2010 est.); 2.4787 (2009); 2.3251 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "12.27 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "10.3 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "186 million kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "1.17 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "3.82 million kW (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "53.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "25.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "2.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "2.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "2,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "2,260 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "168,300 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "12 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "202,600 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "70,390 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "149,900 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "15,670 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "3.3 billion cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "3.1 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "15.98 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "723,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "5.004 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "adequate; being modernized to provide improved international capability and better residential access", - "domestic": "rapid expansion of mobile-cellular services has resulted in a steady decline in the number of fixed-line connections; mobile-cellular teledensity stands at about 140 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 370; major international connections to Denmark, Sweden, and Norway by submarine cable for further transmission by satellite; landline connections to Latvia and Poland (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "public broadcaster operates 3 channels with the third channel - a satellite channel - introduced in 2007; various privately owned commercial TV broadcasters operate national and multiple regional channels; many privately owned local TV stations; multi-channel cable and satellite TV services available; publicly owned broadcaster operates 3 radio networks; many privately owned commercial broadcasters, many with repeater stations in various regions throughout the country (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".lt" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "1.205 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "1.964 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "61 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "22", - "over_3_047_m": "3", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "7", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2", - "under_914_m": "9 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "39", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2", - "under_914_m": "36 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 1,921 km; refined products 121 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "1,767 km", - "broad_gauge": "1,745 km 1.524-m gauge (122 km electrified)", - "standard_gauge": "22 km 1.435-m gauge (2011)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "82,131 km", - "paved": "72,048 km (includes 309 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "10,083 km (2010)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "441 km (navigable year round) (2007)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "38", - "by_type": "cargo 20, container 1, passenger/cargo 6, refrigerated cargo 9, roll on/roll off 2", - "foreign_owned": "8 (Denmark 8)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "22 (Antigua and Barbuda 3, Belize 1, Comoros 1, Cook Islands 1, Norway 1, Panama 3, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 9, unknown 3) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Klaipeda", - "oil_terminals": "Butinge oil terminal" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Lithuanian Armed Forces (Lietuvos Ginkluotosios Pajegos): Land Forces (Sausumos Pajegos), Naval Forces (Karines Juru Pajegos), Air Forces (Karines Oro Pajegos) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; service obligation 1 year; Lithuania converted to a professional military in the fall of 2008, although the decision continues under judicial review (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "890,074", - "females_age_16_49": "875,780 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "669,111", - "females_age_16_49": "724,803 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "20,425", - "female": "19,527 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.9% of GDP (2007 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Lithuania and Russia committed to demarcating their boundary in 2006 in accordance with the land and maritime treaty ratified by Russia in May 2003 and by Lithuania in 1999; Lithuania operates a simplified transit regime for Russian nationals traveling from the Kaliningrad coastal exclave into Russia, while still conforming, as a EU member state having an external border with a non-EU member, to strict Schengen border rules; boundary demarcated with Latvia and Lithuania; as of January 2007, ground demarcation of the boundary with Belarus was complete and mapped with final ratification documents in preparation" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "stateless_persons": "4,130 (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transshipment and destination point for cannabis, cocaine, ecstasy, and opiates from Southwest Asia, Latin America, Western Europe, and neighboring Baltic countries; growing production of high-quality amphetamines, but limited production of cannabis, methamphetamines; susceptible to money laundering despite changes to banking legislation" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/lu-luxembourg.json b/europe/lu-luxembourg.json deleted file mode 100644 index 5b256c76..00000000 --- a/europe/lu-luxembourg.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,598 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Founded in 963, Luxembourg became a grand duchy in 1815 and an independent state under the Netherlands. It lost more than half of its territory to Belgium in 1839 but gained a larger measure of autonomy. Full independence was attained in 1867. Overrun by Germany in both world wars, it ended its neutrality in 1948 when it entered into the Benelux Customs Union and when it joined NATO the following year. In 1957, Luxembourg became one of the six founding countries of the European Economic Community (later the European Union), and in 1999 it joined the euro currency area. In January 2013, Luxembourg assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2013-14 term." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Western Europe, between France and Germany" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "49 45 N, 6 10 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "2,586 sq km", - "land": "2,586 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Rhode Island" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "359 km", - "border_countries": "Belgium 148 km, France 73 km, Germany 138 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "modified continental with mild winters, cool summers" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly gently rolling uplands with broad, shallow valleys; uplands to slightly mountainous in the north; steep slope down to Moselle flood plain in the southeast" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Moselle River 133 m", - "highest_point": "Buurgplaatz 559 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "iron ore (no longer exploited), arable land" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "23.9%", - "permanent_crops": "0.58%", - "other": "75.52% (includes Belgium) (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "3.1 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.06 cu km/yr (65%/33%/1%)", - "per_capita": "135.9 cu m/yr (2010)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "air and water pollution in urban areas, soil pollution of farmland" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Environmental Modification" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; the only Grand Duchy in the world" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Luxembourger(s)", - "adjective": "Luxembourg" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Luxembourger 63.1%, Portuguese 13.3%, French 4.5%, Italian 4.3%, German 2.3%, other EU 7.3%, other 5.2% (2000 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Luxembourgish (national language), German (administrative language), French (administrative language)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 87%, other (includes Protestant, Jewish, and Muslim) 13% (2000)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "514,862 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "18% (male 47,679/female 44,812)", - "15_24_years": "12.6% (male 33,182/female 31,860)", - "25_54_years": "42.3% (male 109,075/female 108,922)", - "55_64_years": "11.8% (male 30,481/female 30,422)", - "65_years_and_over": "15.2% (male 32,892/female 45,537) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "46.5 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "25.7 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "20.8 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "4.8 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "39.6 years", - "male": "38.5 years", - "female": "40.6 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.13% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "11.72 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "8.52 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "8.06 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "85% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "LUXEMBOURG (capital) 90,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.71 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.97 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "29.3 (2008 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "20 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "4.33 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "4.37 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "4.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "79.88 years", - "male": "76.64 years", - "female": "83.33 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.77 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "7.8% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "2.86 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "5.6 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.3% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "26% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "3.8% of GDP (2001)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "100%", - "male": "100%", - "female": "100% (2000 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "14 years", - "male": "14 years", - "female": "14 years (2010)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "16.8%", - "male": "13.3%", - "female": "20.8% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Grand Duchy of Luxembourg", - "conventional_short_form": "Luxembourg", - "local_long_form": "Grand Duche de Luxembourg", - "local_short_form": "Luxembourg" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "constitutional monarchy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Luxembourg", - "geographic_coordinates": "49 36 N, 6 07 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "3 districts; Diekirch, Grevenmacher, Luxembourg" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "1839 (from the Netherlands)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "National Day (Birthday of Grand Duchess Charlotte) 23 June; note - the actual date of birth was 23 January 1896, but the festivities were shifted by five months to allow observance during a more favorable time of year" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "17 October 1868; occasional revisions" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "Grand Duke HENRI (since 7 October 2000); Heir Apparent Prince GUILLAUME (son of the monarch, born 11 November 1981)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Jean-Claude JUNCKER (since 20 January 1995); Deputy Prime Minister Jean ASSELBORN (since 31 July 2004)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers recommended by the prime minister and appointed by the monarch", - "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; following popular elections to the Chamber of Deputies, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; the deputy prime minister appointed by the monarch; they are responsible to the Chamber of Deputies", - "note": "government coalition - CSV and LSAP" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (60 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 7 June 2009 (next to be held by June 2014)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - CSV 38%, LSAP 21.6%, DP 15%, Green Party 11.7%, ADR 8.1%, The Left 3.3%, other 2.3%; seats by party - CSV 26, LSAP 13, DP 9, Green Party 7, ADR 4, The Left 1", - "note": "there is also a Council of State that serves as an advisory body to the Chamber of Deputies; the Council of State has 21 members appointed by the Grand Duke on the advice of the prime minister" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Superior Court of Justice includes Court of Appeal and Court of Cassation (consists of 27 judges on 9 benches); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges of both courts appointed by the monarch for life", - "subordinate_courts": "district and local tribunals and courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Alternative Democratic Reform Party or ADR [Jean SCHOOS]; Christian Social People's Party or CSV [Michel WOLTER]; The Left (dei Lenk/la Gauche) [Fabienne LENTZ and David WAGNER]; Democratic Party or DP [Xavier BETTEL]; Green Party [Sam TANSON and Christian GOEBEL]; Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party or LSAP [Alex BODRY]; other minor parties" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "ABBL (bankers' association); ALEBA (financial sector trade union); Centrale Paysanne (federation of agricultural producers); CEP (professional sector chamber); CGFP (trade union representing civil service); Chamber of Commerce (Chambre de Commerce); Chamber of Artisans (Chambre des Metiers); FEDIL (federation of industrialists); Greenpeace (environment protection); LCGP (center-right trade union); Mouvement Ecologique (environment protection); OGBL (center-left trade union)" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB (nonregional member), Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNRWA, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Jean-Louis WOLZFELD", - "chancery": "2200 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 265-4171 through 72", - "fax": "[1] (202) 328-8270", - "consulates_general": "New York, San Francisco" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Robert MANDELL", - "embassy": "22 Boulevard Emmanuel Servais, L-2535 Luxembourg City", - "mailing_address": "American Embassy Luxembourg, Unit 1410, APO AE 09126-1410 (official mail); American Embassy Luxembourg, PSC 9, Box 9500, APO AE 09123 (personal mail)", - "telephone": "[352] 46-01-23", - "fax": "[352] 46-14-01" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and light blue; similar to the flag of the Netherlands, which uses a darker blue and is shorter; the coloring is derived from the Grand Duke's coat of arms (a red lion on a white and blue striped field)" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "lion" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Ons Heemecht\" (Our Motherland); \"De Wilhelmus\" (The William)", - "lyrics_music": "Michel LENTZ/Jean-Antoine ZINNEN; Nikolaus WELTER/unknown", - "note": "\"Ons Heemecht,\" adopted 1864, is the national anthem, while \"De Wilhelmus,\" adopted 1919, serves as a royal anthem for use when members of the grand ducal family enter or exit a ceremony in Luxembourg" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "This small, stable, high-income economy - benefiting from its proximity to France, Belgium, and Germany - has historically featured solid growth, low inflation, and low unemployment. The industrial sector, initially dominated by steel, has become increasingly diversified to include chemicals, rubber, and other products. Growth in the financial sector, which now accounts for about 27% of GDP, has more than compensated for the decline in steel. Most banks are foreign-owned and have extensive foreign dealings, but Luxembourg has lost some of its advantages as a favorable tax location because of OECD and EU pressure. The economy depends on foreign and cross-border workers for about 40% of its labor force. Luxembourg, like all EU members, suffered from the global economic crisis that began in late 2008, but unemployment has trended below the EU average. Following strong expansion from 2004 to 2007, Luxembourg's economy contracted 3.6% in 2009, but rebounded in 2010-11 before slowing again in 2012. The country continues to enjoy an extraordinarily high standard of living - GDP per capita ranks among the highest in the world, and is the highest in the euro zone. Turmoil in the world financial markets and lower global demand during 2008-09 prompted the government to inject capital into the banking sector and implement stimulus measures to boost the economy. Government stimulus measures and support for the banking sector, however, led to a 5% government budget deficit in 2009. Nevertheless, the deficit was cut to 1.1% in 2011 and 0.9% in 2012. Even during the financial crisis and recovery, Luxembourg retained the highest current account surplus as a share of GDP in the euro zone, owing largely to their strength in financial services. Public debt remains among the lowest of the region although it has more than doubled since 2007 as percentage of GDP. Luxembourg's economy, while stabile, grew slowly in 2012 due to ongoing weak growth in the euro area. Authorities have strengthened supervision of domestic banks because of their exposure to the activities of foreign banks." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$42.92 billion (2012 est.); $42.87 billion (2011 est.); $42.17 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$56.74 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2012 est.); 1.7% (2011 est.); 2.9% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$81,100 (2012 est.); $82,500 (2011 est.); $83,100 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "31%", - "government_consumption": "16.8%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "19.9%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "170.5%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-138.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "0.4%", - "industry": "13.6%", - "services": "86% (2007 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "grapes, barley, oats, potatoes, wheat, fruits; dairy and livestock products" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "banking and financial services, iron and steel, information technology, telecommunications, cargo transportation, food processing, chemicals, metal products, engineering, tires, glass, aluminum, tourism" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "6.2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "208,200", - "note": "data exclude foreign workers; in addition to the figure for domestic labor force, about 150,000 workers commute daily from France, Belgium, and Germany (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "2.2%", - "industry": "17.2%", - "services": "80.6% (2007 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "6% (2012 est.); 5.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.5%", - "highest_10%": "23.8% (2000)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "26 (2005)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$23.78 billion", - "expenditures": "$24.43 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "41.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-1.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "19% of GDP (2012 est.); 18.7% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.7% (2012 est.); 3.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "1.5% (31 December 2012); 1.75% (31 December 2010)", - "note": "this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$90.08 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $90.24 billion (31 December 2011 est.)", - "note": "see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$229.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$97.74 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $95.08 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$67.63 billion (31 December 2011); $101.1 billion (31 December 2010); $105.6 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$500 million (2012 est.); $3.033 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$13.2 billion (2012 est.); $19.22 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, steel products, chemicals, rubber products, glass" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 21.6%, France 15.5%, Belgium 14.5%, UK 5.8%, Italy 5.6%, Switzerland 4.7% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$23.29 billion (2012 est.); $26.54 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "minerals, metals, foodstuffs, quality consumer goods" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Belgium 30.9%, Germany 23.4%, France 10.4%, US 8.2%, China 7.2%, Netherlands 5.1% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$991 million (31 December 2012 est.); $1.014 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$2.643 trillion (31 December 2012); $2.084 trillion (31 December 2011)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "; $11.21 billion (31 December 2008 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -; 0.7778 (2012 est.); 0.7185 (2011 est.); 0.755 (2010 est.); 0.7198 (2009 est.); 0.6827 (2008 est.)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "2.49 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "5.973 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "3.216 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "7.28 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "1.702 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "28.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "61,380 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "686.3 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "51,930 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "1.183 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "1.183 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "10.8 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "279,100 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "765,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "highly developed, completely automated and efficient system, mainly buried cables", - "domestic": "fixed line teledensity over 50 per 100 persons; nationwide mobile-cellular telephone system with market for mobile-cellular phones virtually saturated", - "international": "country code - 352 (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "Luxembourg has a long tradition of operating radio and TV services to pan-European audiences and is home to Europe's largest privately owned broadcast media group, the RTL group, which operates 46 TV stations and 29 radio stations in Europe; also home to Europe's largest satellite operator, Societe Europeenne des Satellites (SES); domestically, the RTL group operates TV and radio networks; other domestic private radio and TV operators and French and German stations available; satellite and cable TV services available (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".lu" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "250,900 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "424,500 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "2 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "1", - "over_3_047_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "1", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 142 km; refined products 27 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "275 km", - "standard_gauge": "275 km 1.435-m gauge (243 km electrified) (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "5,227 km", - "paved": "5,227 km (includes 147 km of expressways) (2008)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "37 km (on Moselle River) (2010)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "49", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 2, cargo 3, chemical tanker 20, container 10, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 12", - "foreign_owned": "48 (Belgium 11, Denmark 1, France 15, Germany 9, Japan 3, Netherlands 3, Switzerland 1, UK 5)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "18 (Italy 14, Malta 3, Panama 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Mertert" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Luxembourg Army (L'Armee Luxembourgeoises) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-24 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription; Luxembourg citizen or EU citizen with 3-year residence in Luxembourg (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "118,665", - "females_age_16_49": "117,456 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "97,290", - "females_age_16_49": "96,361 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "3,263", - "female": "3,084 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.9% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "stateless_persons": "177 (2012)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/lv-latvia.json b/europe/lv-latvia.json deleted file mode 100644 index 42dd7af3..00000000 --- a/europe/lv-latvia.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,624 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The name \"Latvia\" originates from the ancient Latgalians, one of four eastern Baltic tribes that formed the ethnic core of the Latvian people (ca. 8th-12th centuries A.D.). The region subsequently came under the control of Germans, Poles, Swedes, and finally, Russians. A Latvian republic emerged following World War I, but it was annexed by the USSR in 1940 - an action never recognized by the US and many other countries. Latvia reestablished its independence in 1991 following the breakup of the Soviet Union. Although the last Russian troops left in 1994, the status of the Russian minority (some 28% of the population) remains of concern to Moscow. Latvia joined both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Estonia and Lithuania" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "57 00 N, 25 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "64,589 sq km", - "land": "62,249 sq km", - "water": "2,340 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than West Virginia" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,382 km", - "border_countries": "Belarus 171 km, Estonia 343 km, Lithuania 576 km, Russia 292 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "498 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "maritime; wet, moderate winters" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "low plain" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Baltic Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Gaizina Kalns 312 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "peat, limestone, dolomite, amber, hydropower, timber, arable land" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "17.96%", - "permanent_crops": "0.11%", - "other": "81.93% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "8.3 sq km", - "note": "land in Latvia is often too wet and in need of drainage not irrigation; approximately 16,000 sq km or 85% of agricultural land has been improved by drainage (2007)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "35.45 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.42 cu km/yr (42%/45%/13%)", - "per_capita": "177.9 cu m/yr (2007)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "Latvia's environment has benefited from a shift to service industries after the country regained independence; the main environmental priorities are improvement of drinking water quality and sewage system, household, and hazardous waste management, as well as reduction of air pollution; in 2001, Latvia closed the EU accession negotiation chapter on environment committing to full enforcement of EU environmental directives by 2010" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "most of the country is composed of fertile low-lying plains with some hills in the east" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Latvian(s)", - "adjective": "Latvian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Latvian 59.3%, Russian 27.8%, Belarusian 3.6%, Ukrainian 2.5%, Polish 2.4%, Lithuanian 1.3%, other 3.1% (2009)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Latvian (official) 58.2%, Russian 37.5%, Lithuanian and other 4.3% (2000 census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Lutheran 19.6%, Orthodox 15.3%, other Christian 1%, other 0.4%, unspecified 63.7% (2006)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "2,178,443 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "14% (male 155,549/female 148,811)", - "15_24_years": "11.9% (male 131,766/female 126,419)", - "25_54_years": "44.6% (male 481,365/female 489,405)", - "55_64_years": "12.6% (male 120,212/female 153,390)", - "65_years_and_over": "17.1% (male 120,788/female 250,738) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "50.2 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "22.3 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "27.9 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "3.6 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "41.2 years", - "male": "38.2 years", - "female": "44.1 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.61% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "9.91 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "13.6 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-2.36 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "68% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "-0.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "RIGA (capital) 711,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.78 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.48 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.86 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "26.4 (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "34 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "8.08 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "9.8 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "6.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "73.19 years", - "male": "68.13 years", - "female": "78.53 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.34 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "67.8%", - "note": "percent of women aged 18-49 (1995)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "6.7% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "2.99 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "6.4 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 96% of population; total: 99% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 4% of population; total: 1% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 82% of population; rural: 71% of population; total: 78% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 18% of population; rural: 29% of population; total: 22% of population (2000 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.7% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "8,600 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "intermediate", - "vectorborne_diseases": "tickborne encephalitis (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "24.9% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99.8%", - "male": "99.8%", - "female": "99.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "14 years", - "male": "14 years", - "female": "15 years (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "29.1%", - "male": "29.6%", - "female": "28.6% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Latvia", - "conventional_short_form": "Latvia", - "local_long_form": "Latvijas Republika", - "local_short_form": "Latvija", - "former": "Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary democracy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Riga", - "geographic_coordinates": "56 57 N, 24 06 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "110 municipalities (novadi, singular-novads) and 9 cities", - "municipalities": "Adazu Novads, Aglonas Novads, Aizkraukles Novads, Aizputes Novads, Aknistes Novads, Alojas Novads, Alsungas Novads, Aluksnes Novads, Amatas Novads, Apes Novads, Auces Novads, Babites Novads, Baldones Novads, Baltinavas Novads, Balvu Novads, Bauskas Novads, Beverinas Novads, Brocenu Novads, Burtnieku Novads, Carnikavas Novads, Cesu Novads, Cesvaines Novads, Ciblas Novads, Dagdas Novads, Daugavpils Novads, Dobeles Novads, Dundagas Novads, Durbes Novads, Engures Novads, Erglu Novads, Garkalnes Novads, Grobinas Novads, Gulbenes Novads, Iecavas Novads, Ikskiles Novads, Ilukstes Novads, Incukalna Novads, Jaunjelgavas Novads, Jaunpiebalgas Novads, Jaunpils Novads, Jekabpils Novads, Jelgavas Novads, Kandavas Novads, Karsavas Novads, Keguma Novads, Kekavas Novads, Kocenu Novads, Kokneses Novads, Kraslavas Novads, Krimuldas Novads, Krustpils Novads, Kuldigas Novads, Lielvardes Novads, Ligatnes Novads, Limbazu Novads, Livanu Novads, Lubanas Novads, Ludzas Novads, Madonas Novads, Malpils Novads, Marupes Novads, Mazsalacas Novads, Mersraga Novads, Nauksenu Novads, Neretas Novads, Nicas Novads, Ogres Novads, Olaines Novads, Ozolnieku Novads, Pargaujas Novads, Pavilostas Novads, Plavinu Novads, Preilu Novads, Priekules Novads, Priekulu Novads, Raunas Novads, Rezeknes Novads, Riebinu Novads, Rojas Novads, Ropazu Novads, Rucavas Novads, Rugaju Novads, Rujienas Novads, Rundales Novads, Salacgrivas Novads, Salas Novads, Salaspils Novads, Saldus Novads, Saulkrastu Novads, Sejas Novads, Siguldas Novads, Skriveru Novads, Skrundas Novads, Smiltenes Novads, Stopinu Novads, Strencu Novads, Talsu Novads, Tervetes Novads, Tukuma Novads, Vainodes Novads, Valkas Novads, Varaklanu Novads, Varkavas Novads, Vecpiebalgas Novads, Vecumnieku Novads, Ventspils Novads, Viesites Novads, Vilakas Novads, Vilanu Novads, Zilupes Novads", - "cities": "Daugavpils, Jekabpils, Jelgava, Jurmala, Liepaja, Rezekne, Riga, Valmiera, Ventspils" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "4 May 1990 (declared); 6 September 1991 (recognized by the Soviet Union)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 18 November (1918); note - 18 November 1918 was the date Latvia declared independence from Soviet Russia and established its statehood; 4 May 1990 was the date it declared its independence from the Soviet Union" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "15 February 1922; restored to force by the Constitutional Law of the Republic of Latvia adopted by the Supreme Council 21 August 1991; multiple amendments since" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system with traces of socialist legal traditions and practices" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal for Latvian citizens" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Andris BERZINS (since 8 July 2011)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Valdis DOMBROVSKIS (since 12 March 2009)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet of Ministers nominated by the prime minister and appointed by Parliament", - "elections": "president elected by Parliament for a four-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 2 June 2011 (next to be held in 2015); prime minister appointed by the president, confirmed by Parliament", - "election_results": "Andris BERZINS elected president; parliamentary vote - Andris BERZINS 53, Valdis ZATLERS 41" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament or Saeima (100 seats; members elected by proportional representation from party lists by popular vote to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 17 September 2011 (next to be held in October 2014)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - SC 28.4%, Reform 20.8%, Unity 18.8%, National Alliance 13.9%, ZZS 12.2%, other 5.9%; seats by party - SC 31, Unity 20, Reform 16, National Alliance 14, ZZS 13, unaffiliated 6" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the Senate with 27 judges and Supreme Court of Chambers with 22 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 7 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges nominated by chief justice and confirmed by the Saeima; judges serve until age 70, but term can be extended 2 years; Constitutional Court judges - 3 nominated by Saeima members, 2 by Cabinet ministers, and 2 by plenum of Supreme Court; all judges confirmed by Saeima majority vote; Constitutional Court president and vice president serve in their positions for 3 years; all judges serve 10-year terms; mandatory retirement at age 70", - "subordinate_courts": "district (city) and regional courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Union of Greens and Farmers or ZZS [Raimonds VEJONIS]; Harmony Center or SC [Nils USAKOVS]; National Alliance \"All For Latvia!\"-\"For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK\" or NA [Gaidis BERZINS, Raivis DZINTARS]; Unity [Solvita ABOLTINA]; Reform Party or RP [Valdis ZATLERS]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Free Trade Union Confederation of Latvia [Peteris KRIGERS]; Employers' Confederation of Latvia [Vitalijs GAVRILOVS]; Farmers' Parliament [Juris LAZDINS]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "Australia Group, BA, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Andris RAZANS", - "chancery": "2306 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 328-2840", - "fax": "[1] (202) 328-2860" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Mark PEKALA", - "embassy": "1 Samnera Velsa St, Riga LV-1510", - "mailing_address": "Embassy of the United States of America, 1 Samnera Velsa St, Riga, LV-1510, Latvia", - "telephone": "[371] 6710-7000", - "fax": "[371] 6710-7050" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three horizontal bands of maroon (top), white (half-width), and maroon; the flag is one of the older banners in the world; a medieval chronicle mentions a red standard with a white stripe being used by Latvian tribes in about 1280" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "white wagtail (bird)" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Dievs, sveti Latviju!\" (God Bless Latvia)", - "lyrics_music": "Karlis BAUMANIS", - "note": "adopted 1920, restored 1990; the song was first performed in 1873 while Latvia was a part of Russia; the anthem was banned during the Soviet occupation from 1940 to 1990" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Latvia is a small, open economy with exports contributing nearly a third of GDP. Due to its geographical location, transit services are highly-developed, along with timber and wood-processing, agriculture and food products, and manufacturing of machinery and electronics industries. Corruption continues to be an impediment to attracting foreign direct investment and Latvia's low birth rate and decreasing population are major challenges to its long-term economic vitality. Latvia's economy experienced GDP growth of more than 10% per year during 2006-07, but entered a severe recession in 2008 as a result of an unsustainable current account deficit and large debt exposure amid the softening world economy. Triggered by the collapse of the second largest bank, GDP plunged 18% in 2009. The economy has not returned to pre-crisis levels despite strong growth, especially in the export sector in 2011-12. The IMF, EU, and other international donors provided substantial financial assistance to Latvia as part of an agreement to defend the currency''s peg to the euro in exchange for the government''s commitment to stringent austerity measures. The IMF/EU program successfully concluded in December 2011. The government of Prime Minister Valdis DOMBROVSKIS remained committed to fiscal prudence and reducing the fiscal deficit from 7.7% of GDP in 2010, to 2.7% of GDP in 2012. The majority of companies, banks, and real estate have been privatized, although the state still holds sizable stakes in a few large enterprises, including 99.8% ownership of the Latvian national airline. Latvia officially joined the World Trade Organization in February 1999 and the EU in May 2004. Latvia intends to join the euro zone in 2014." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$37.88 billion (2012 est.); $35.88 billion (2011 est.); $34.02 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$28.38 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "5.6% (2012 est.); 5.5% (2011 est.); -0.9% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$18,600 (2012 est.); $17,300 (2011 est.); $16,000 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "25.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 25.2% of GDP (2011 est.); 22.9% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "62%", - "government_consumption": "15.5%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "23%", - "investment_in_inventories": "4%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "59%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-63.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "5.1%", - "industry": "25.2%", - "services": "69.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "grain, rapeseed, potatoes, vegetables; pork, poultry, milk, eggs; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "processed foods, processed wood products, textiles, processed metals, pharmaceuticals, railroad cars, synthetic fibers, electronics" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "7.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "1.012 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "8.8%", - "industry": "24%", - "services": "67.2% (2010 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "14.3% (2012 est.); 12.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.7%", - "highest_10%": "27.6% (2008)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "35.2 (2010); 32 (1999)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$9.765 billion", - "expenditures": "$9.727 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "34.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "0.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "39.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 42.2% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities, including sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government, and social security funds" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.3% (2012 est.); 4.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "3.5% (31 December 2011 est.); 3.5% (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "6% (31 December 2012 est.); 6.39% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$8.293 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $8.174 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$12.09 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $12.12 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$19.77 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $21.08 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$1.076 billion (31 December 2011); $1.252 billion (31 December 2010); $1.824 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$462.9 million (2012 est.); -$363 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$12.49 billion (2012 est.); $12.03 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "food products, wood and wood products, metals, machinery and equipment, textiles" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Russia 18.3%, Lithuania 15%, Estonia 12%, Germany 7.2%, Poland 5.6%, Sweden 4.8% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$16.08 billion (2012 est.); $14.83 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, consumer goods, chemicals, fuels, vehicles" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Lithuania 18.9%, Germany 11.5%, Russia 9.3%, Poland 8.1%, Estonia 7.5%, Italy 4.6%, Finland 4.4% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$6.925 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.383 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$39.81 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $38.06 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$13.01 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $12.11 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$1.037 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $887 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "lati (LVL) per US dollar -; 0.5467 (2012 est.); 0.5012 (2011 est.); 0.5305 (2010 est.); 0.5056 (2009); 0.4701 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "6.46 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "6.215 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "3.1 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "3.973 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "2.164 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "27.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "71% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "1.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "31,340 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "3,126 bbl/day (2010 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "33,730 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "1.52 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "1.52 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "9.066 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "516,300 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "2.309 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "recent efforts focused on bringing competition to the telecommunications sector; the number of fixed lines is decreasing as mobile-cellular telephone service expands", - "domestic": "number of telecommunications operators has grown rapidly since the fixed-line market opened to competition in 2003; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular subscribership roughly 150 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 371; the Latvian network is now connected via fiber optic cable to Estonia, Finland, and Sweden (2008)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "several national and regional commercial TV stations are foreign-owned, 2 national TV stations are publicly owned; system supplemented by privately owned regional and local TV stations; cable and satellite multi-channel TV services with domestic and foreign broadcasts available; publicly owned broadcaster operates 4 radio networks with dozens of stations throughout the country; dozens of private broadcasters also operate radio stations (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".lv" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "359,604 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "1.504 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "42 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "18", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "3", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "4", - "914_to_1_523_m": "3", - "under_914_m": "7 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "24", - "under_914_m": "24 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 928 km; refined products 415 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "2,239 km", - "broad_gauge": "2,206 km 1.520-m gauge", - "narrow_gauge": "33 km 0.750-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "73,074 km", - "paved": "14,459 km", - "unpaved": "58,615 km (2010)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "300 km (navigable year round) (2010)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "11", - "by_type": "cargo 3, chemical tanker 1, passenger/cargo 4, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1", - "foreign_owned": "3 (Estonia 3)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "79 (Antigua and Barbuda 16, Belize 9, Comoros 2, Dominica 2, Georgia 1, Liberia 5, Malta 8, Marshall Islands 19, Russia 2, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 15) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Riga, Ventspils" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "National Armed Forces (Nacionalo Brunoto Speku): Land Forces (Latvijas Sauszemes Speki), Navy (Latvijas Juras Speki; includes Coast Guard (Latvijas Kara Flotes)), Latvian Air Force (Latvijas Gaisa Speki), Latvian Home Guard (Latvijas Zemessardze) (2011)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary male and female military service; no conscription; under current law, every citizen is entitled to serve in the armed forces for life (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "546,090", - "females_age_16_49": "540,810 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "401,691", - "females_age_16_49": "447,638 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "10,482", - "female": "9,858 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.1% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Russia demands better Latvian treatment of ethnic Russians in Latvia; boundary demarcated with Latvia and Lithuania; the Latvian parliament has not ratified its 1998 maritime boundary treaty with Lithuania, primarily due to concerns over oil exploration rights; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Latvia has implemented the strict Schengen border rules with Russia" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "stateless_persons": "280,759 (2012); note - individuals who were Latvian citizens prior to the 1940 Soviet occupation and their descendants were recognized as Latvian citizens when the country's independence was restored in 1991; citizens of the former Soviet Union residing in Latvia who have neither Latvian nor other citizenship are considered non-citizens (officially there is no statelessness in Latvia) and are entitled to non-citizen passports; children born after Latvian independence to stateless parents are entitled to Latvian citizenship upon their parents' request; non-citizens cannot vote or hold certain government jobs and are exempt from military service but can travel visa-free in the EU under the Schengen accord like Latvian citizens; non-citizens can obtain naturalization if they have been permanent residents of Latvia for at least five years, pass tests in Latvian language and history, and know the words of the Latvian national anthem" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transshipment and destination point for cocaine, synthetic drugs, opiates, and cannabis from Southwest Asia, Western Europe, Latin America, and neighboring Balkan countries; despite improved legislation, vulnerable to money laundering due to nascent enforcement capabilities and comparatively weak regulation of offshore companies and the gaming industry; CIS organized crime (including counterfeiting, corruption, extortion, stolen cars, and prostitution) accounts for most laundered proceeds" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/mc-monaco.json b/europe/mc-monaco.json deleted file mode 100644 index b13a9736..00000000 --- a/europe/mc-monaco.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,401 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The Genoese built a fortress on the site of present day Monaco in 1215. The current ruling Grimaldi family first seized temporary control in 1297, and again in 1331, but were not able to permanently secure their holding until 1419. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "43 44 N, 7 24 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "2 sq km", - "land": "2 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "4.4 km", - "border_countries": "France 4.4 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "4.1 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "12 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "hilly, rugged, rocky" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Mediterranean Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Mont Agel 140 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "none" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "0%", - "permanent_crops": "1%", - "other": "99% (urban area) (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "second-smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)", - "adjective": "Monegasque or Monacan" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 90% (official), other 10%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "30,500 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "11.9% (male 1,856/female 1,782)", - "15_24_years": "9.4% (male 1,479/female 1,384)", - "25_54_years": "35.6% (male 5,387/female 5,456)", - "55_64_years": "14.4% (male 2,217/female 2,172)", - "65_years_and_over": "28.7% (male 3,913/female 4,854) (2013 est.)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "50.5 years", - "male": "49.4 years", - "female": "51.7 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "6.79 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "8.75 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "1.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "100% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.08 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.81 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.95 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "1.81 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "2.05 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "1.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "89.63 years", - "male": "85.7 years", - "female": "93.71 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.51 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "4.3% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "1.2% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99%", - "male": "99%", - "female": "99% (2003 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "18 years", - "male": "18 years", - "female": "17 years (2009)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "6.9%", - "male": "6.6%", - "female": "7.4% (2000)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Principality of Monaco", - "conventional_short_form": "Monaco", - "local_long_form": "Principaute de Monaco", - "local_short_form": "Monaco" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "constitutional monarchy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Monaco", - "geographic_coordinates": "43 44 N, 7 25 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo; note - Moneghetti, a part of La Condamine, is sometimes called the 5th quarter of Monaco" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "1419 (beginning of permanent rule by the House of GRIMALDI)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "National Day (Saint Rainier's Day), 19 November (1857)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "17 December 1962; modified 2 April 2002" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system influenced by French legal tradition" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "Prince ALBERT II (since 6 April 2005)", - "head_of_government": "Minister of State Michel ROGER (since 29 March 2010)", - "cabinet": "Council of Government under the authority of the monarch", - "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members elected by list majority system, 8 by proportional representation to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 10 February 2013 (next to be held in February 2018)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - Horizon Monaco 50.3%, Union Monegasque 39%, Renaissance 10.7%; seats by party - Horizon Monaco 20, Union Monegasque 3, Renaissance 1" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of 5 permanent members and 2 substitutes)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court members appointed by the monarch upon the proposals of the National Council, State Council, Crown Council, Court of Appeal, and Trial Court", - "subordinate_courts": "Court of Appeal; Civil Court of First Instance" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Horizon Monaco [Laurent NOUVION]; Renaissance [SBM (corporation)]; Union Monegasque [Stephane VALERI]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "CD, CE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Gilles NOGHES", - "chancery": "3400 International Drive NW, Suite 2K-100, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "(202) 234-1530", - "fax": "(202) 244-7656", - "consulates_general": "New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Ambassador to France is accredited to Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France), under the authority of the US ambassador to France, handles routine diplomatic and consular matters concerning Monaco" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; the colors are those of the ruling House of Grimaldi and have been in use since 1339, making the flag one of the world's oldest national banners", - "note": "similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"A Marcia de Muneghu\" (The March of Monaco)", - "lyrics_music": "Louis NOTARI/Charles ALBRECHT", - "note": "music adopted 1867, lyrics adopted 1931; although French is much more commonly spoken, only the Monegasque lyrics are official; the French version is known as \"Hymne Monegasque\" (Monegasque Anthem); the words are generally only sung on official occasions" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Monaco, bordering France on the Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. The principality also is a banking center and has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. Monaco, however, is not a tax-free shelter; it charges nearly 20% value-added tax, collects stamp duties, and companies face a 33% tax on profits unless they can show that three-quarters of profits are generated within the principality. Monaco's reliance on tourism and banking for its economic growth has left it vulnerable to a downturn in France and other European economies which are the principality's main trade partners. In 2009, Monaco''s GDP fell by 11.5% as the euro-zone crisis precipitated a sharp drop in tourism and retail activity and home sales. A modest recovery ensued in 2010 with GDP growth of 2.5%, but Monaco''s economic prospects remain clouded in uncertainty tied to future euro-zone growth. Weak economic growth also has deteriorated public finances as the principality recorded a budget deficit of 1.3% of GDP in 2012. Monaco was formally removed from the OECD''s \"grey list\" of uncooperative tax jurisdictions in late 2009, but continues to face international pressure to abandon its banking secrecy laws and help combat tax evasion. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$5.748 billion (2011 est.); $5.47 billion (2010 est.); $5.337 billion (2009 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2011 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$5.748 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "5.1% (2011 est.); 2.5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$70,700 (2011); $63,500 (2009 est.); $61,900 (2008 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "0%", - "industry": "10%", - "services": "90% (2011)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "none" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "50,580", - "note": "includes workers from all foreign countries (2011 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "0% (2011)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$1.126 billion", - "expenditures": "$1.198 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "19.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-1.3% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "1.5% (2010)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$865.6 million (2011); $684.9 million (2010)", - "note": "full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$848.9 million (2011); $850.2 million (2010)", - "note": "full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -; 0.7778 (2012 est.); 0.7185 (2011 est.); 0.755 (2010 est.); 0.7198 (2009 est.); 0.6827 (2008 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "44,500 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "31,800 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "modern automatic telephone system; the country's sole fixed line operator offers a full range of services to residential and business customers", - "domestic": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity exceeds 200 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 377; no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "TV Monte-Carlo (TMC) operates a TV network; cable TV available; Radio Monte-Carlo has extensive radio networks in France and Italy with French-language broadcasts to France beginning in the 1960s and Italian-language broadcasts to Italy beginning in the 1970s; other radio stations include Riviera Radio and Radio Monaco (2012)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".mc" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "26,009 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "23,000 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2012)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "77 km", - "paved": "77 km (2007)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "registered_in_other_countries": "64 (Bahamas 8, Bermuda 2, Liberia 8, Malta 3, Marshall Islands 30, Panama 11, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Monaco" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "no regular military forces; Directorate of Public Security (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "5,749 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "4,629", - "females_age_16_49": "4,597 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "153", - "female": "141 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_note": { - "text": "defense is the responsibility of France" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/md-moldova.json b/europe/md-moldova.json deleted file mode 100644 index 9e9dd8b5..00000000 --- a/europe/md-moldova.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,617 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Part of Romania during the interwar period, Moldova was incorporated into the Soviet Union at the close of World War II. Although the country has been independent from the USSR since 1991, Russian forces have remained on Moldovan territory east of the Nistru River supporting a Transnistrian separatist region composed of a Slavic majority population (mostly Ukrainians and Russians), but with a sizeable ethnic Moldovan minority. One of the poorest nations in Europe, Moldova became the first former Soviet state to elect a communist, Vladimir VORONIN, as its president in 2001. VORONIN served as Moldova's president until he resigned in September 2009, following the opposition's gain of a narrow majority in July parliamentary elections and the Communist Party's (PCRM) subsequent inability to attract the three-fifths of parliamentary votes required to elect a president. Four Moldovan opposition parties formed a new coalition, the Alliance for European Integration (AEI), which has acted as Moldova's governing coalition since. Moldova experienced significant political uncertainty between 2009 and early 2012, holding three general elections and numerous presidential ballots in parliament, all of which failed to secure a president. Following November 2010 parliamentary elections, a reconstituted AEI-coalition consisting of three of the four original AEI parties formed a government, and in March 2012 was finally able to elect an independent as president." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Eastern Europe, northeast of Romania" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "47 00 N, 29 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "33,851 sq km", - "land": "32,891 sq km", - "water": "960 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than Maryland" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,390 km", - "border_countries": "Romania 450 km, Ukraine 940 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "moderate winters, warm summers" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "rolling steppe, gradual slope south to Black Sea" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Dniester (Nistru) 2 m", - "highest_point": "Dealul Balanesti 430 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "lignite, phosphorites, gypsum, arable land, limestone" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "53.47%", - "permanent_crops": "8.77%", - "other": "37.75% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "2,283 sq km (2011)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "11.65 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "1.07 cu km/yr (14%/83%/4%)", - "per_capita": "290 cu m/yr (2010)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "landslides" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "heavy use of agricultural chemicals, including banned pesticides such as DDT, has contaminated soil and groundwater; extensive soil erosion from poor farming methods" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; well endowed with various sedimentary rocks and minerals including sand, gravel, gypsum, and limestone" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Moldovan(s)", - "adjective": "Moldovan" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Moldovan/Romanian 78.2%, Ukrainian 8.4%, Russian 5.8%, Gagauz 4.4%, Bulgarian 1.9%, other 1.3% (2004 census)", - "note": "internal disputes with ethnic Slavs in the Transnistrian region" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Moldovan (official, virtually the same as the Romanian language), Russian, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Eastern Orthodox 98%, Jewish 1.5%, Baptist and other 0.5% (2000)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "3,619,925 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "17.6% (male 327,843/female 307,780)", - "15_24_years": "15% (male 279,814/female 263,202)", - "25_54_years": "43.9% (male 790,723/female 796,997)", - "55_64_years": "12.9% (male 213,256/female 252,907)", - "65_years_and_over": "10.7% (male 145,796/female 241,607) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "38.8 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "23 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "15.8 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "6.3 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "35.4 years", - "male": "33.5 years", - "female": "37.4 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "-1.02% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "12.38 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "12.61 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-9.92 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "47.7% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.79% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "CHISINAU (capital) 650,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.84 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.6 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.94 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "23.5 (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "41 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "13.28 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "15.2 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "11.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "69.82 years", - "male": "65.95 years", - "female": "73.94 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.55 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "67.8% (2005)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "11.7% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "2.67 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "6.2 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 93% of population; total: 96% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 7% of population; total: 4% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 89% of population; rural: 82% of population; total: 85% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 11% of population; rural: 18% of population; total: 15% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.4% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "12,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "21.2% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "3.2% (2005)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "8.6% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99%", - "male": "99.5%", - "female": "98.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "12 years", - "male": "12 years", - "female": "12 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "72,364", - "percentage": "16 % (2009 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "14.9%", - "male": "14.2%", - "female": "15.8% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Moldova", - "conventional_short_form": "Moldova", - "local_long_form": "Republica Moldova", - "local_short_form": "Moldova", - "former": "Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Chisinau in Romanian (Kishinev in Russian)", - "note": "pronounced KEE-shee-now (KIH-shi-nyev)", - "geographic_coordinates": "47 00 N, 28 51 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "32 raions (raioane, singular - raion), 3 municipalities (municipii, singular - municipiul), 1 autonomous territorial unit (unitatea teritoriala autonoma), and 1 territorial unit (unitatea teritoriala)", - "raions": "Anenii Noi, Basarabeasca, Briceni, Cahul, Cantemir, Calarasi, Causeni, Cimislia, Criuleni, Donduseni, Drochia, Dubasari, Edinet, Falesti, Floresti, Glodeni, Hincesti, Ialoveni, Leova, Nisporeni, Ocnita, Orhei, Rezina, Riscani, Singerei, Soldanesti, Soroca, Stefan-Voda, Straseni, Taraclia, Telenesti, Ungheni", - "municipalities": "Balti, Bender, Chisinau", - "autonomous_territorial_unit": "Gagauzia", - "territorial_unit": "Stinga Nistrului (Transnistria)" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "27 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 27 August (1991)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "adopted 29 July 1994; effective 27 August 1994; note - replaced 1979 Soviet Constitution" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system with Germanic law influences; Constitutional Court review of legislative acts" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Nicolae TIMOFTI (since 23 March 2012)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Iurie LEANCA (since 25 April 2013; acting until 30 May 2013, sworn in on 31 May 2013)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet selected by president, subject to approval of Parliament", - "elections": "president elected by Parliament for a four-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 16 March 2012 (next to be held in March 2016); note - prime minister designated by the president upon consultation with Parliament; within 15 days from designation, the prime minister-designate must request a vote of confidence from the Parliament regarding his/her work program and entire cabinet; the prime minister and Cabinet received a vote of confidence 30 May 2013", - "election_results": "Nicolae TIMOFTI elected president; parliamentary votes - 62 of 101 votes Iurie LEANCA designated prime minister; parliamentary votes of confidence - 58 of 101" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament or Parlamentul (101 seats; members elected on an at-large basis by popular vote to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 28 November 2010 (next to be held in 2014); note - this was the third parliamentary election in less than two years; the earlier parliaments (elected 5 April 2009 and 29 July 2009) were dissolved after they could not agree on a presidential candidate", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - PCRM 39.3%, PLDM 29.4%, PD 12.7%, PL 10%, other 8.6%; seats by party - PCRM 42, PLDM 32, PD 15, PL 12; note - in November of 2011, 3 legislators defected from the Communist Party (PCRM) and voted with the PLDM, PD, and PL governing coalition - termed the Alliance for European Integration (AEI) - to reach a 62-seat majority sufficient to elect a new president; the 3 former PCRM legislators are now aligned with the Party of Socialists, and in 2012 an additional 5 legislators defected from the PCRM; 1 PLDM legislator also defected and is independent" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Justice (consists of a chief judges, 3 deputy-chief judges, 45 judges, and 7 assistant judges); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president and 6 judges) note - the Constitutional Court is autonomous to the other branches of government; the Court interprets the Constitution and reviews the constitutionality of parliamentary laws and decisions, decrees of the president, and acts of the government.", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court of Justice judges appointed by Parliament upon the recommendation of the Supreme Council of the Magistracy; all judges serve 4-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed 2 each by Parliament, the Moldovan president, and the Higher Council of Magistracy; court president elected by other court judges for a 3-year term; other judges appointed for 6-year terms", - "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal; Court of Business Audit; municipal courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "represented_in_parliament": "Communist Party of the Republic of Moldova or PCRM [Vladimir VORONIN]; Democratic Party or PD [Marian LUPU]; Liberal Democratic Party or PLDM [Vladimir FILAT]; Liberal Party or PL [Mihai GHIMPU]; Alliance for European Integration or AEI (coalition of the PD, PLDM, and PL); ", - "not_represented_in_parliament": "Christian Democratic People's Party or PPCD [Iurie ROSCA]; Conservative Party or PC [Natalia NIRCA]; Ecological Party of Moldova \"Green Alliance\" or PEMAVE [Vladimir BRAGA]; European Action Movement or MAE [Veaceslav UNTILA]; For Nation and Country Party or PpNT [Sergiu MOCANU]; Humanist Party of Moldova or PUM [Valeriu PASAT]; Labor Party or PM [Gheorghe SIMA]; National Liberal Party or PNL [Vitalia PAVLICENKO]; Party of Socialists or PSRM [Igor DODON]; Patriots of Moldova Party or PPM [Mihail GARBUZ]; Popular Republican Party or PPR [Nicolae ANDRONIC]; Republican Party of Moldova or PRM [Andrei STRATAN]; Roma Social Political Movement of the Republic of Moldova or MRRM [Ion BUCUR]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Victor SELIN]; Social Political Movement \"Equality\" or MR [Valeriy KLIMENCO]; United Moldova Party or PMUEM [Vladimir TURCAN]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "BSEC, CD, CE, CEI, CIS, EAEC (observer), EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Igor MUNTEANU", - "chancery": "2101 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 667-1130", - "fax": "[1] (202) 667-2624" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador William H. MOSER", - "embassy": "103 Mateevici Street, Chisinau MD-2009", - "mailing_address": "use embassy street address", - "telephone": "[373] (22) 40-8300", - "fax": "[373] (22) 23-3044" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; emblem in center of flag is of a Roman eagle of gold outlined in black with a red beak and talons carrying a yellow cross in its beak and a green olive branch in its right talons and a yellow scepter in its left talons; on its breast is a shield divided horizontally red over blue with a stylized aurochs head, star, rose, and crescent all in black-outlined yellow; based on the color scheme of the flag of Romania - with which Moldova shares a history and culture - but Moldova's blue band is lighter; the reverse of the flag does not display any coat of arms", - "note": "one of only three national flags that differ on their obverse and reverse sides - the others are Paraguay and Saudi Arabia" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "aurochs (a type of wild cattle)" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Limba noastra\" (Our Language)", - "lyrics_music": "Alexei MATEEVICI/Alexandru CRISTEA", - "note": "adopted 1994" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Moldova remains one of the poorest countries in Europe despite recent progress from its small economic base. With its moderate climate and good farmland, Moldova's economy relies heavily on its agriculture sector, featuring fruits, vegetables, wine, and tobacco. With few natural energy resources, Moldova imports almost all of its energy supplies from Russia and Ukraine. Moldova's dependence on Russian energy is underscored by an estimated $4.3 billion debt to Russian natural gas supplier Gazprom due largely to unreimbursed natural gas consumption in the separatist Transnistria region. Previous Russian decisions to ban Moldovan wine and agricultural products, coupled with their decision to double the price Moldova paid for Russian natural gas and the large debt continue to hamper economic growth. Moldova also depends heavily on the annual $1 billion in remittances from the estimated one million Moldovans working in Europe and former Soviet Bloc countries. During the global financial crisis in 2009, Moldova experienced a 6% contraction of its GDP, a shrinkage due to increased unemployment and decrease in remittances. To stabilize the country, the IMF allocated $186 million to Moldova to cover its immediate budgetary needs in the fall of 2009, and the Moldovan Government agreeing with the IMF to a new program worth $574 million. In 2010, an upturn in the world economy boosted GDP growth to about 7% and inflation to more than 7%. Economic reforms have been slow because of corruption and strong political forces backing government controls. Nevertheless, the government's primary goal of EU integration has resulted in some market-oriented progress. The granting of EU trade preferences has encouraged higher growth rates, but the agreements are unlikely to serve as a panacea, given the extent to which export success depends on higher quality standards and other factors. The economy had modest growth in 2011, expanding by 6.8%. However, in 2012, with the Euro crisis and a devastating drought, Moldova's GDP stalled at an estimated 0.3% growth over 2011. Moldova's economic future remains vulnerable to political uncertainty, weak administrative capacity, vested bureaucratic interests, higher fuel prices and the concerns of foreign investors as well as the presence of an illegal separatist regime in Moldova's Transnistria region." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$12.36 billion (2012 est.); $12.46 billion (2011 est.); $11.66 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$7.252 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.8% (2012 est.); 6.8% (2011 est.); 7.1% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$3,500 (2012 est.); $3,500 (2011 est.); $3,300 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "16.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 11.9% of GDP (2011 est.); 15.9% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "97.2%", - "government_consumption": "22.3%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "21.8%", - "investment_in_inventories": "1.5%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "45.2%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-88% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "13.1%", - "industry": "19.8%", - "services": "67.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "vegetables, fruits, grapes, grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, tobacco; beef, milk; wine" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "sugar, vegetable oil, food processing, agricultural machinery; foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing machines; hosiery, shoes, textiles" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "1.215 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "27.5%", - "industry": "13.1%", - "services": "59.4% (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "5.6% (2012 est.); 6.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "21.9% (2010 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.3%", - "highest_10%": "26% (2010 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "38 (2008); 33.2 (2003)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$2.768 billion", - "expenditures": "$2.92 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "38.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-2.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "17.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 19% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "4.5% (2012 est.); 7.6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "13.4% (31 December 2012 est.); 14.44% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$1.54 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.475 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$3.498 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $3.049 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$2.877 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.755 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$20.7 million (31 December 2010 est.); $22 million (31 December 2010)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$837.3 million (2012 est.); -$790.4 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$2.228 billion (2012 est.); $2.277 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "foodstuffs, textiles, machinery" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Russia 20.9%, Romania 19.8%, Italy 11.6%, Ukraine 6.6%, Turkey 6%, Germany 4.7% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$5.152 billion (2012 est.); $5.147 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "mineral products and fuel, machinery and equipment, chemicals, textiles" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Ukraine 20.9%, Romania 16.1%, Germany 9.4%, Russia 7.9%, Italy 5.7%, Belarus 5.3%, Turkey 4.7%, Poland 4.4% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$2.511 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.965 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$6.132 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.443 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$3.224 billion (30 September 2012 est.); $3.17 billion (30 September 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$88.42 million (1 January 2012); $67.85 million (1 January 2010)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Moldovan lei (MDL) per US dollar -; 12.111 (2012 est.); 11.738 (2011 est.); 12.369 (2010 est.); 11.11 (2009); 10.326 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "1.016 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "3.571 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "3.145 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "551,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "88.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "11.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "210 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "18,060 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "110.4 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "15,800 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "1.095 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "1.152 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "7.38 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "1.18 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "3.715 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "poor service outside Chisinau; some modernization is under way", - "domestic": "multiple private operators of GSM mobile-cellular telephone service are operating; GPRS system is being introduced; a CDMA mobile telephone network began operations in 2007; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity 100 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 373; service through Romania and Russia via landline; satellite earth stations - at least 3 (Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-owned national radio-TV broadcaster operates 2 TV and 2 radio stations; a total of nearly 40 terrestrial TV channels and some 50 radio stations are in operation; Russian and Romanian channels also are available (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".md" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "711,564 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "1.333 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "7 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "5", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 1,906 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "1,190 km", - "broad_gauge": "1,176 km 1.520-m gauge", - "standard_gauge": "14 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "9,343 km", - "paved": "8,810 km", - "unpaved": "533 km (2008)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "558 km (in public use on Danube, Dniester and Prut rivers) (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "121", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 7, cargo 88, carrier 1, chemical tanker 3, passenger/cargo 7, petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 11, specialized tanker 1", - "foreign_owned": "63 (Bulgaria 1, Denmark 1, Egypt 5, Greece 1, Israel 2, Lebanon 1, Pakistan 1, Romania 2, Russia 5, Syria 5, Turkey 18, UK 3, Ukraine 14, Yemen 4) (2010)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "National Army: Land Forces Command, Air Forces Command (includes air defense unit), Logistics Command (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service; male registration required at age 16; 1-year service obligation (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,143,440", - "females_age_16_49": "1,156,958 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "875,224", - "females_age_16_49": "969,903 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "28,213", - "female": "26,614 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.4% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Moldova and Ukraine operate joint customs posts to monitor the transit of people and commodities through Moldova's break-away Transnistria region, which remains under the auspices of an Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe-mandated peacekeeping mission comprised of Moldovan, Transnistrian, Russian, and Ukrainian troops" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "stateless_persons": "1,998 (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for CIS consumption; transshipment point for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia via Central Asia to Russia, Western Europe, and possibly the US; widespread crime and underground economic activity" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/me-montenegro.json b/europe/me-montenegro.json deleted file mode 100644 index f4c4c755..00000000 --- a/europe/me-montenegro.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,541 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The use of the name Crna Gora (Montenegro) began in the 13th century in reference to a highland region in the Serbian province of Zeta. The later medieval state of Zeta maintained its existence until 1496 when Montenegro finally fell under Ottoman rule. Over subsequent centuries, Montenegro, while a part of the Ottoman Empire, was able to maintain a level of autonomy. From the 16th to 19th centuries, Montenegro was a theocracy ruled by a series of bishop princes; in 1852, it was transformed into a secular principality. Montenegro was recognized as an independent sovereign principality at the Congress of Berlin in 1878. After World War I, during which Montenegro fought on the side of the Allies, Montenegro was absorbed by the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, which became the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929; at the conclusion of World War II, it became a constituent republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. When the latter dissolved in 1992, Montenegro federated with Serbia, first as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and, after 2003, in a looser State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. In May 2006, Montenegro invoked its right under the Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro to hold a referendum on independence from the state union. The vote for severing ties with Serbia barely exceeded 55% - the threshold set by the EU - allowing Montenegro to formally restore its independence on 3 June 2006." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southeastern Europe, between the Adriatic Sea and Serbia" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "42 30 N, 19 18 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "13,812 sq km", - "land": "13,452 sq km", - "water": "360 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Connecticut" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "625 km", - "border_countries": "Albania 172 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 225 km, Croatia 25 km, Kosovo 79 km, Serbia 124 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "293.5 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "continental_shelf": "defined by treaty" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "Mediterranean climate, hot dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfalls inland" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "highly indented coastline with narrow coastal plain backed by rugged high limestone mountains and plateaus" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Adriatic Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Bobotov Kuk 2,522 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "bauxite, hydroelectricity" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "12.45%", - "permanent_crops": "1.16%", - "other": "86.39% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "24.12 sq km (2010)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "destructive earthquakes" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "pollution of coastal waters from sewage outlets, especially in tourist-related areas such as Kotor" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location along the Adriatic coast" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Montenegrin(s)", - "adjective": "Montenegrin" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Montenegrin 43%, Serbian 32%, Bosniak 8%, Albanian 5%, other (Muslims, Croats, Roma (Gypsy)) 12% (2003 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Serbian 63.6%, Montenegrin (official) 22%, Bosnian 5.5%, Albanian 5.3%, unspecified (includes Croatian) 3.7% (2003 census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Orthodox 74.2%, Muslim 17.7%, Catholic 3.5%, other 0.6%, unspecified 3%, atheist 1% (2003 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "653,474 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "15.3% (male 48,670/female 51,379)", - "15_24_years": "11.4% (male 35,750/female 38,516)", - "25_54_years": "47% (male 164,913/female 142,372)", - "55_64_years": "12.6% (male 40,618/female 41,398)", - "65_years_and_over": "13.8% (male 35,573/female 54,285) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "46.7 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "27.5 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "19.2 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "5.2 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "38.7 years", - "male": "37.6 years", - "female": "40.1 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.56% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "10.75 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "9.17 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "61% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "PODGORICA (capital) 144,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "0.95 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "0.97 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.15 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.97 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.66 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "26.3 (2009 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "8 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "39.4% (2005/06)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "9.1% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "3.9 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 96% of population; total: 98% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 4% of population; total: 2% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 92% of population; rural: 87% of population; total: 90% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 8% of population; rural: 13% of population; total: 10% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "intermediate", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea", - "vectorborne_disease": "Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "22.5% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "2.2% (2006)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "98.5%", - "male": "99.4%", - "female": "97.6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "8,520", - "percentage": "10 % (2005 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "37%", - "male": "35.5%", - "female": "40% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "none", - "conventional_short_form": "Montenegro", - "local_long_form": "none", - "local_short_form": "Crna Gora", - "former": "People's Republic of Montenegro, Socialist Republic of Montenegro, Republic of Montenegro" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Podgorica; note - the Old Royal Capital is Cetinje mentioned in the constitution", - "geographic_coordinates": "42 26 N, 19 16 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1 hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "21 municipalities (opstine, singular - opstina); Andrijevica, Bar, Berane, Bijelo Polje, Budva, Cetinje, Danilovgrad, Herceg Novi, Kolasin, Kotor, Mojkovac, Niksic, Plav, Pljevlja, Pluzine, Podgorica, Rozaje, Savnik, Tivat, Ulcinj, Zabljak" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "3 June 2006 (from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "National Day, 13 July (1878)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "approved 19 October 2007 (by the Assembly)" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICC jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age, 16 if employed; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Filip VUJANOVIC (since 6 April 2008)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Milo DJUKANOVIC (since 4 December 2012)", - "cabinet": "Ministers act as cabinet", - "elections": "president elected by direct vote for five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 7 April 2013 (next to be held in 2018); prime minister proposed by president, accepted by Assembly", - "election_results": "Filip VUJANOVIC reelected president; Filip VUJANOVIC 51.2%, Miodrag LEKIC 48.8%%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Assembly (81 seats; members elected by direct vote to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 14 October 2012 (next to be held by 2016)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - Coalition for European Montenegro 45.6%, Democratic Front 22.8%, SNP 11.1%, Positive Montenegro 8.2%, Bosniak Party, 4.2%, other (including Albanian and Croatian minority parties) 8.1%; seats by party - Coalition for European Montenegro 39, Democratic Front 20, SNP 9, Positive Montenegro 7, Bosniak Party 3, Albanian and Croatian minority parties 3" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Vrhovni Sud (consists of the court president and 6 judges); Constitutional Court or Ustavni Sud (consists of the court president and 6 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "president of Supreme Court proposed jointly by the president of Montenegro, the speaker of the Assembly, and the prime minister; other judges elected by the Judicial Council; court president term is 5 years; term of other judges is 9 years; Constitutional Court judges proposed by the president of Montenegro and elected by the Assembly; court president elected among its members; term of judges is 9 years; court president term is 3 years", - "subordinate_courts": "Administrative Court; Court of Appeal; regional and first instance courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Albanian Coalition (includes Democratic Alliance in Montenegro [Mehmed BARDHI], Democratic Party [Fatmir DJEKA], and Albanian Alternative [Djerdj DAMAJ]); Bosniak Party or BS [Rafet HUSOVIC]; Coalition for European Montenegro (bloc) [Milo DJUKANOVIC] (includes Democratic Party of Socialists or DPS [Milo DJUKANOVIC], Social Democratic Party or SDP [Ranko KRIVOKAPIC], and the Liberal Party of Montenegro or LP [Andrija POPOVIC]); Coalition FORCA for Unity (includes FORCA [Nazif CUNGU and Civic Initiative [Vaselj Sinistaj]); Croatian Civic Initiative or HGI [Marija VUCINOVIC]; Democratic Center or DC [Goran BATRICEVIC]; Democratic Front (bloc) [Miodrag LEKIC] (includes New Serb Democracy or NOVA [Andrija MANDIC], Movement for Change or PZP [Nebojsa MEDOJEVIC], a splinter faction of the Socialist People's Party or SNP, and the Pensioners' Party [Vojo VULETIC]); Democratic Serbian Party of Montenegro or DSS [Dragica PEROVIC]; Democratic Union of Albanians or DUA [Mehmet ZENKA]; Just Montenegro [Rade BOJOVIC]; People's Party of Montenegro or NS [Dejan VUCICEVIC]; Positive Montenegro [Darko PAJOVIC]; Socialist People's Party or SNP [Srdan MILIC]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Srdjan DARMANOVIC", - "chancery": "1610 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20009", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 234-6108", - "fax": "[1] (202) 234-6109", - "consulates_general": "New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Sue K BROWN", - "embassy": "Dzona Dzeksona 2, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro", - "mailing_address": "use embassy street address", - "telephone": "[382] (0) 20 410 500", - "fax": "[382] (0) 20 241 358" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "a red field bordered by a narrow golden-yellow stripe with the Montenegrin coat of arms centered; the arms consist of a double-headed golden eagle - symbolizing the unity of church and state - surmounted by a crown; the eagle holds a golden scepter in its right claw and a blue orb in its left; the breast shield over the eagle shows a golden lion passant on a green field in front of a blue sky; the lion is symbol of episcopal authority and harks back to the three and a half centuries that Montenegro was ruled as a theocracy" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "double-headed eagle" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Oj, svijetla majska zoro\" (Oh, Bright Dawn of May)", - "lyrics_music": "Sekula DRLJEVIC/unknown, arranged by Zarko MIKOVIC", - "note": "adopted 2004; the anthem's music is based on a Montenegrin folk song" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Montenegro's economy is transitioning to a market system, but the state sector remains large and additional institutional changes are needed. The economy relies heavily on tourism and the export of refined metals. Unprofitable state-owned enterprises weigh on public finances. Montenegro severed its economy from federal control and from Serbia during the MILOSEVIC era and maintained its own central bank, adopted the deutsch mark, then the euro - rather than the Yugoslav dinar - as official currency, collected customs tariffs, and managed its own budget. The dissolution of the loose political union between Serbia and Montenegro in 2006 led to separate membership in several international financial institutions, such as the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. In January 2007, Montenegro joined the World Bank and IMF. Montenegro became the 156th member of World Trade Organization in December 2011. The European Council (EC) granted candidate country status to Montenegro at the December 2010 session. Montenegro began negotiations to join the EC in June, 2012, having met the conditions set down by the European Council, which called on Montenegro to take steps to fight corruption and organized crime. Unemployment and regional disparities in development are key political and economic problems. Montenegro has privatized its large aluminum complex - the dominant industry - as well as most of its financial sector, and has begun to attract foreign direct investment in the tourism sector. The global financial crisis had a significant negative impact on the economy, due to the ongoing credit crunch, a decline in the real estate sector, and a fall in aluminum exports. In 2012, real GDP growth slipped to 0.5%, reflecting the general downturn in most of Europe." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$7.461 billion (2012 est.); $7.458 billion (2011 est.); $7.226 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$4.28 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "0% (2012 est.); 3.2% (2011 est.); 2.5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$12,000 (2012 est.); $12,000 (2011 est.); $11,200 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "84.4%", - "government_consumption": "22.1%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "18.4%", - "investment_in_inventories": "1.1%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "40.2%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-66.2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "0.8%", - "industry": "11.3%", - "services": "87.9% (2011)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "tobacco, potatoes, citrus fruits, olives, grapes; sheep" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "steelmaking, aluminum, agricultural processing, consumer goods, tourism" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "251,300 (2011 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "6.3%", - "industry": "20.9%", - "services": "72.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "19.1% (2012 est.); 11.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "6.6% (2010 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "24.3 (2010); 30 (2003)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$1.68 billion", - "expenditures": "$1.58 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "39.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "2.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "52.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 45% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "4% (2012); 3% (2011)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "9.69% (31 December 2011 est.); 9.53% (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$749 million (31 December 2011 est.); $783.3 million (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$1.982 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $2.01 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$3.29 billion (31 December 2009); $3.771 billion (31 December 2008)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$3.322 billion (31 December 2011); $3.604 billion (31 December 2010); $4.289 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$1.938 billion (2012 est.); -$1.927 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$489.2 million (2012 est.); $640 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Croatia 22.7%, Serbia 22.7%, Slovenia 7.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$2.4 billion (2012 est.); $2.5 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Serbia 29.3%, Greece 8.7%, China 7.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$400 million (31 December 2011)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$1.7 billion (2012 est.); $1.2 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -; 0.7778 (2012 est.); 0.7185 (2011 est.); 0.755 (2010 est.); 0.7198 (2009 est.); 0.6827 (2008 est.)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "2.621 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "4.1 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "1.5 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "868,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "24.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "75.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "4,446 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "3,666 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "1.941 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "169,500 (2010)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "1.17 million (2010)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "modern telecommunications system with access to European satellites", - "domestic": "GSM mobile-cellular service, available through multiple providers with national coverage, is growing", - "international": "country code - 382; 2 international switches connect the national system (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-funded national radio-TV broadcaster operates 2 terrestrial TV networks, 1 satellite TV channel, and 2 radio networks; 4 public TV stations and some 20 private TV stations; 14 local public radio stations and more than 40 private radio stations (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".me" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "10,088 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "280,000 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "5 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "5", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2012)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "250 km", - "standard_gauge": "250 km 1.435-m gauge (169 km electrified) (2007)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "7,624 km", - "paved": "5,097 km", - "unpaved": "2,527 km (2008)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "2", - "by_type": "cargo 1, passenger/cargo 1", - "registered_in_other_countries": "4 (Bahamas 2, Honduras 1, Slovakia 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Bar" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Armed Forces of the Republic of Montenegro: Army of Montenegro (includes Montenegrin Navy (Mornarica Crne Gore, MCG)), Air Force (2011)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "149,159", - "females_age_16_49": "131,823 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "3,120", - "female": "3,677 (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "8,504 (Kosovo) (2012)", - "stateless_persons": "3,383 (2012)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/mk-macedonia.json b/europe/mk-macedonia.json deleted file mode 100644 index 448d922d..00000000 --- a/europe/mk-macedonia.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,602 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Macedonia gained its independence peacefully from Yugoslavia in 1991. Greece's objection to the new state's use of what it considered a Hellenic name and symbols delayed international recognition, which occurred under the provisional designation of \"the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.\" In 1995, Greece lifted a 20-month trade embargo and the two countries agreed to normalize relations, but the issue of the name remained unresolved and negotiations for a solution are ongoing. Since 2004, the United States and over 130 other nations have recognized Macedonia by its constitutional name, Republic of Macedonia. Some ethnic Albanians, angered by perceived political and economic inequities, launched an insurgency in 2001 that eventually won the support of the majority of Macedonia's ethnic Albanian population and led to the internationally brokered Ohrid Framework Agreement, which ended the fighting and established guidelines for the creation of new laws that enhanced the rights of minorities. Fully implementing the Framework Agreement, maintaining momentum on democratic reforms, and stimulating economic growth and development continue to be challenges for Macedonia, although progress has been made over the past several years." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southeastern Europe, north of Greece" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "41 50 N, 22 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "25,713 sq km", - "land": "25,433 sq km", - "water": "280 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than Vermont" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "766 km", - "border_countries": "Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 246 km, Kosovo 159 km, Serbia 62 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "warm, dry summers and autumns; relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys; three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Vardar River 50 m", - "highest_point": "Golem Korab (Maja e Korabit) 2,764 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "low-grade iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, manganese, nickel, tungsten, gold, silver, asbestos, gypsum, timber, arable land" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "16.1%", - "permanent_crops": "1.36%", - "other": "82.54% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "1,278 sq km (2004)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "6.4 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "1.03 cu km/yr (21%/67%/12%)", - "per_capita": "502 cu m/yr (2007)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "high seismic risks" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "air pollution from metallurgical plants" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Macedonian(s)", - "adjective": "Macedonian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Macedonian 64.2%, Albanian 25.2%, Turkish 3.9%, Roma (Gypsy) 2.7%, Serb 1.8%, other 2.2% (2002 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Macedonian (official) 66.5%, Albanian (official) 25.1%, Turkish 3.5%, Roma 1.9%, Serbian 1.2%, other 1.8% (2002 census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Macedonian Orthodox 64.7%, Muslim 33.3%, other Christian 0.37%, other and unspecified 1.63% (2002 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "2,087,171 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "17.9% (male 193,507/female 180,157)", - "15_24_years": "14.3% (male 154,084/female 144,908)", - "25_54_years": "43.8% (male 463,282/female 450,261)", - "55_64_years": "11.9% (male 121,097/female 127,742)", - "65_years_and_over": "12.1% (male 108,324/female 143,809) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "40.9 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "23.5 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "17.4 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "5.7 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "36.5 years", - "male": "35.4 years", - "female": "37.6 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.22% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "11.72 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "9 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "59% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "SKOPJE (capital) 480,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.08 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.08 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.94 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.75 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "26 (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "10 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "8.11 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "8.35 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "7.85 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "75.58 years", - "male": "73.03 years", - "female": "78.33 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.59 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "7.1% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "2.55 physicians/1,000 population (2006)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "4.5 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 99% of population; total: 100% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 1% of population; total: 0% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 92% of population; rural: 82% of population; total: 88% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 8% of population; rural: 18% of population; total: 12% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "less than 0.1% (2007 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "fewer than 200 (2007 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2003 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "21.1% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "1.8% (2005)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "97.4%", - "male": "98.7%", - "female": "96% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "13 years", - "male": "13 years", - "female": "14 years (2010)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "16,782", - "percentage": "6 % (2005 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "55.3%", - "male": "55.7%", - "female": "54.8% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Macedonia", - "conventional_short_form": "Macedonia", - "local_long_form": "Republika Makedonija", - "local_short_form": "Makedonija", - "note": "the provisional designation used by the UN, EU, and NATO is the \"former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia\" (FYROM)", - "former": "People's Republic of Macedonia, Socialist Republic of Macedonia" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary democracy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Skopje", - "geographic_coordinates": "42 00 N, 21 26 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "71 municipalities (opstini, singular - opstina); Aracinovo, Berovo, Bitola, Bogdanci, Bogovinje, Bosilovo, Brvenica, Caska, Centar Zupa, Cesinovo-Oblesevo, Cucer Sandevo, Debar, Debarca, Delcevo, Demir Hisar, Demir Kapija, Dojran, Dolneni, Gevgelija, Gostivar, Grad Skopje, Gradsko, Ilinden, Jegunovce, Karbinci, Kavadarci, Kicevo, Kocani, Konce, Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Krivogastani, Krusevo, Kumanovo, Lipkovo, Lozovo, Makedonska Kamenica, Makedonski Brod, Mavrovo i Rostusa, Mogila, Negotino, Novaci, Novo Selo, Ohrid, Pehcevo, Petrovec, Plasnica, Prilep, Probistip, Radovis, Rankovce, Resen, Rosoman, Sopiste, Staro Nagoricane, Stip, Struga, Strumica, Studenicani, Sveti Nikole, Tearce, Tetovo, Valandovo, Vasilevo, Veles, Vevcani, Vinica, Vrapciste, Zelenikovo, Zelino, Zrnovci" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "8 September 1991 (referendum by registered voters endorsed independence from Yugoslavia)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 8 September (1991); also known as National Day" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991; amended November 2001, 2005, and in 2009", - "note": "amended November 2001 by a series of new constitutional amendments strengthening minority rights, in 2005 with amendments related to the judiciary, and in 2009 with amendments related to the threshold required to elect the president" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Gjorge IVANOV (since 12 May 2009)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Nikola GRUEVSKI (since 26 August 2006)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers elected by the majority vote of all the deputies in the Assembly; note - current cabinet formed by the government coalition parties VMRO-DPMNE, BDI, and several small parties", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); two-round election: first round held on 22 March 2009, second round held on 5 April 2009 (next to be held in March 2014); prime minister elected by the Assembly following legislative elections; the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister", - "election_results": "Gjorge IVANOV elected president on second-round ballot; percent of vote - Gjorge IVANOV 63.1%, Ljubomir FRCKOSKI 36.9%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Assembly or Sobranie (123 seats; all members elected by popular vote from party lists based on the percentage of the overall vote the parties gain in each of six electoral and three diaspora districts; members serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 5 June 2011 (next to be held by June 2015)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - VMRO-DPMNE-led block 39%, SDSM-led block 32.8%, BDI 10.2%, PDSh 5.9%, other 12.1%; seats by party - VMRO-DPMNE-led block 56, SDSM-led block 42, BDI 15, PDSh 8, RDK 2" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consist of NA judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges nominated by the Judicial Council, a 7-member body of legal professionals, and appointed by the Assembly; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the legislature for nonrenewable, 9-year terms", - "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal; Basic Courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Albanian Democratic Union or BDSh [Bardhyl MAHMUTI]; Democratic League of Bosniaks in Macedonia [Rafet MUMINOVIC]; Democratic Party of Serbs in Macedonia or DPSM [Ivan STOILJKOVIC]; Democratic Party of the Albanians or PDSh [Menduh THACI]; Democratic Party of Turks of Macedonia or DPTM [Kenan HASIPI]; Democratic Renewal of Macedonia or DOM [Liljana POPOVSKA]; Democratic Union or DS [Pavle TRAJANOV]; Democratic Union for Integration or BDI [Ali AHMETI]; Dosoinstvo (Diginity) [Stojance ANGELOV]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity or VMRO-DPMNE [Nikola GRUEVSKI]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - People's Party or VMRO-NP [Ljubco GEORGIEVSKI]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Andrej ZENOVSKI]; Liberal Party of Macedonia or LP [Ivon VELICKOVSKI]; Movement for Turkish National Union [Erdogan SARAC]; National Democratic Revival or RDK [Rufi OSMANI]; New Democracy or ND [Imer SELMANI]; New Social-Democratic Party or NSDP [Tito PETKOVSKI]; Party for Democratic Action of Macedonia or SDA [Avdija PEPIC]; Party for the Total Emancipation of Roma or PCER [Samka IBRAIMOVSKI]; Party of United Democrats of Macedonia or PODEM [Zivko JANKULOVSKI]; Party on European Future or PEI [Fijat CANOSKI]; Serbian Progressive Party in Macedonia or SPSM [Dragisha MILETIC]; Social Democratic Union of Macedonia or SDSM [Branko CRVENKOVSKI]; Socialist Party of Macedonia or SP [Ljubisav IVNAOV DZINGO]; Union of Roma of Macedonia or SR [Amdi BAJRAM]; United for Macedonia or OM [Ljube BOSKOSKI]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Federation of Free Trade Unions [Mirjana ANDREVSKA]; Federation of Trade Unions [Zivko MITREVSKI]; Trade Union of Education, Science and Culture [Jakim NEDELKOV]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "BIS, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, EU (candidate country), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Zoran JOLEVSKI", - "chancery": "2129 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 667-0501", - "fax": "[1] (202) 667-2131", - "consulates_general": "Chicago, New York, Southfield (MI)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Paul D. WOHLERS", - "embassy": "Str. Samolilova, Nr. 21, 1000 Skopje", - "mailing_address": "American Embassy Skopje, US Department of State, 7120 Skopje Place, Washington, DC 20521-7120 (pouch)", - "telephone": "[389] (2) 310-2000", - "fax": "[389] (2) 310-2499" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "a yellow sun (the Sun of Liberty) with eight broadening rays extending to the edges of the red field; the red and yellow colors have long been associated with Macedonia" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "eight-rayed sun" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Denes Nad Makedonija\" (Today Over Macedonia)", - "lyrics_music": "Vlado MALESKI/Todor SKALOVSKI", - "note": "adopted 1991; the song, written in 1943, previously served as the anthem of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia while part of Yugoslavia" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Macedonia is vulnerable to economic developments in Europe - due to strong trade ties - and dependent on regional integration and progress toward EU membership for continued economic growth. At independence in September 1991, Macedonia was the least developed of the Yugoslav republics, producing a mere 5% of the total federal output of goods and services. The collapse of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ended transfer payments from the central government and eliminated advantages from inclusion in a de facto free trade area. An absence of infrastructure, UN sanctions on the downsized Yugoslavia, and a Greek economic embargo over a dispute about the country's constitutional name and flag hindered economic growth until 1996. Since then, Macedonia has maintained macroeconomic stability with low inflation, but it has so far lagged the region in attracting foreign investment and creating jobs, despite making extensive fiscal and business sector reforms. Official unemployment has remained consistently high at more than 31% since 2008, but may be overstated based on the existence of an extensive gray market, estimated to be between 20% and 45% of GDP, that is not captured by official statistics. In the wake of the global economic downturn, Macedonia has experienced decreased foreign direct investment and a large trade deficit. However, as a result of conservative fiscal policies and a sound financial system, in 2010 the country credit rating improved slightly to BB+ and was kept at that level in 2011-12. However, macroeconomic stability has been maintained by a prudent monetary policy, which keeps the domestic currency pegged against the euro. As a result, GDP growth was modest, but positive at about 3% both in 2010 and 2011, and inflation was under control. The government loosened fiscal policy in 2012 and the budget deficit expanded to 3.5% of GDP." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$22.22 billion (2012 est.); $22.28 billion (2011 est.); $21.66 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars; Macedonia has a large informal sector that may not be reflected in these data" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$9.676 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.3% (2012 est.); 2.9% (2011 est.); 2.9% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$10,800 (2012 est.); $10,800 (2011 est.); $10,500 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "24.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 24.5% of GDP (2011 est.); 23.4% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "75.3%", - "government_consumption": "18.2%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "21.8%", - "investment_in_inventories": "7%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "52.9%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-75.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "11.4%", - "industry": "25.8%", - "services": "62.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "grapes, tobacco, vegetables, fruits; milk, eggs" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, iron, steel, cement, energy, pharmaceuticals" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-2.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "936,000 (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "16.7%", - "industry": "26%", - "services": "57.3% (September 2012)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "31.3% (2012 est.); 31.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "30.4% (2011)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.2%", - "highest_10%": "34.5% (2009 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "43.2 (2009); 39 (2003)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$2.883 billion", - "expenditures": "$3.254 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "29.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-3.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "33.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 27.8% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "official data from Ministry of Finance; data cover central government debt; this data excludes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; includes treasury debt held by foreign entitites; excludes debt issued by sub-national entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; there are no debt instruments sold for social funds" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "3.1% (2012 est.); 3.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "3.75% (31 December 2012 est.); 4% (31 December 2011 est.)", - "note": "series discontinued in January 2010; the discount rate has been replaced by a referent rate for calculating the penalty rate" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "8.48% (31 December 2012 est.); 8.87% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$1.413 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.29 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$5.709 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.34 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$4.821 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.418 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$2.423 billion (31 December 2012); $2.495 billion (31 December 2011); $2.647 billion (31 December 2010)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$323 million (2012 est.); -$273.5 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$4.064 billion (2012 est.); $4.429 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "food, beverages, tobacco; textiles, miscellaneous manufactures, iron, steel; automotive parts" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 25.5%, Italy 6.1%, Bulgaria 5.2%, Greece 4.5% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$6.229 billion (2012 est.); $6.759 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, automobiles, chemicals, fuels, food products" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Greece 17.7%, Germany 11.5%, UK 9.3%, Bulgaria 8.7%, Italy 5%, Turkey 4.8% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$2.891 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.677 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$6.807 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.271 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$4.284 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.229 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "; $564 million (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Macedonian denars (MKD) per US dollar -; 47.89 (2012 est.); 44.231 (2011 est.); 46.485 (2010 est.); 44.1 (2009); 41.414 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "5.81 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "7.25 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "12.82 million kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "2.692 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "1.94 million kW (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "65.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "34.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2012)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2012)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "18,800 bbl/day (2012)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "21,280 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "17,490 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "8,594 bbl/day (2010 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "21,530 bbl/day (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2012)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "136.6 million cu m (2011)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2012)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "136.6 million cu m (2012)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "8.231 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "422,100 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "2.213 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "competition from the mobile-cellular segment of the telecommunications market has led to a drop in fixed-line telephone subscriptions", - "domestic": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular telephone subscribership about 130 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 389 (2012)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "public TV broadcaster operates 3 national channels and a satellite network; 5 privately owned TV channels broadcast nationally using terrestrial transmitters and about 15 broadcast on national level via satellite; roughly 75 local commercial TV stations; large number of cable operators offering domestic and international programming; public radio broadcaster operates over multiple stations; 3 privately owned radio stations broadcast nationally; about 70 local commercial radio stations (2012)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".mk" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "62,826 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "1.057 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "10 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "8", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", - "under_914_m": "6 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "2", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 268 km; oil 120 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "699 km", - "standard_gauge": "699 km 1.435-m gauge (234 km electrified) (2010)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "13,736 km (includes 216 km of expressways) (2010)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Army of the Republic of Macedonia (ARM; includes General Staff and subordinate Joint Operational Command, Training and Doctrine Command, Special Operations Regiment) (2012)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2008 (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "532,196", - "females_age_16_49": "511,964 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "443,843", - "females_age_16_49": "426,251 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "16,144", - "female": "14,920 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "6% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Kosovo and Macedonia completed demarcation of their boundary in September 2008; Greece continues to reject the use of the name Macedonia or Republic of Macedonia" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "stateless_persons": "905 (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and hashish; minor transit point for South American cocaine destined for Europe; although not a financial center and most criminal activity is thought to be domestic, money laundering is a problem due to a mostly cash-based economy and weak enforcement" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/mt-malta.json b/europe/mt-malta.json deleted file mode 100644 index 71fe987e..00000000 --- a/europe/mt-malta.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,600 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Great Britain formally acquired possession of Malta in 1814. The island staunchly supported the UK through both world wars and remained in the Commonwealth when it became independent in 1964. A decade later Malta became a republic. Since about the mid-1980s, the island has transformed itself into a freight transshipment point, a financial center, and a tourist destination. Malta became an EU member in May 2004 and began using the euro as currency in 2008." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southern Europe, islands in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Sicily (Italy)" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "35 50 N, 14 35 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "316 sq km", - "land": "316 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly less than twice the size of Washington, DC" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "196.8 km (excludes 56 km for the island of Gozo)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation", - "exclusive_fishing_zone": "25 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "Mediterranean; mild, rainy winters; hot, dry summers" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly low, rocky, flat to dissected plains; many coastal cliffs" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Mediterranean Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Ta'Dmejrek 253 m (near Dingli)" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "limestone, salt, arable land" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "28.12%", - "permanent_crops": "4.06%", - "other": "67.81% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "32 sq km (2007)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "0.05 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.05 cu km/yr (64%/1%/35%)", - "per_capita": "134.1 cu m/yr (2009)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "limited natural freshwater resources; increasing reliance on desalination" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "the country comprises an archipelago, with only the three largest islands (Malta, Ghawdex or Gozo, and Kemmuna or Comino) being inhabited; numerous bays provide good harbors; Malta and Tunisia are discussing the commercial exploitation of the continental shelf between their countries, particularly for oil exploration" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Maltese (singular and plural)", - "adjective": "Maltese" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Maltese (descendants of ancient Carthaginians and Phoenicians with strong elements of Italian and other Mediterranean stock)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Maltese (official) 90.2%, English (official) 6%, multilingual 3%, other 0.8% (2005 census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic (official) 98%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "411,277 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "15.3% (male 32,126/female 30,603)", - "15_24_years": "12.9% (male 27,284/female 25,771)", - "25_54_years": "40.5% (male 85,066/female 81,672)", - "55_64_years": "14.1% (male 28,853/female 29,104)", - "65_years_and_over": "17.2% (male 31,397/female 39,401) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "44.9 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "21.3 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "23.6 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "4.2 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "40.5 years", - "male": "39.3 years", - "female": "41.8 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.34% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "10.27 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "8.84 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "1.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "95% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.5% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "VALLETTA (capital) 199,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.79 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "26.5 (2008 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "8 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "3.62 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "4.04 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "3.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "79.98 years", - "male": "77.69 years", - "female": "82.41 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.53 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "85.8%", - "note": "percent of women aged 20-45 (1993)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "8.7% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "3.07 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "4.5 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "fewer than 500 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "28.8% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.4% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "92.4%", - "male": "91.2%", - "female": "93.5% (2005 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "15 years", - "male": "15 years", - "female": "15 years (2010)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "13.9%", - "male": "13.8%", - "female": "14% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Malta", - "conventional_short_form": "Malta", - "local_long_form": "Repubblika ta' Malta", - "local_short_form": "Malta" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Valletta", - "geographic_coordinates": "35 53 N, 14 30 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "68 localities (Il-lokalita); Attard, Balzan, Birgu, Birkirkara, Birzebbuga, Bormla, Dingli, Fgura, Floriana, Fontana, Ghajnsielem, Gharb, Gharghur, Ghasri Ghaxaq, Gudja, Gzira, Hamrun, Iklin, Imdina, Imgarr, Imqabba, Imsida, Imtarfa, Isla, Kalkara, Kercem, Kirkop, Lija, Luqa, Marsa, Marsaskala, Marsaxlokk, Mellieha, Mosta, Munxar, Nadur, Naxxar, Paola, Pembroke, Pieta, Qala, Qormi, Qrendi, Rabat, Rabat (Ghawdex), Safi, San Giljan/Saint Julian, San Gwann/Saint John, San Lawrenz/Saint Lawrence, Sannat, San Pawl il-Bahar/Saint Paul's Bay, Santa Lucija/Saint Lucia, Santa Venera/Saint Venera, Siggiewi, Sliema, Swieqi, Tarxien, Ta' Xbiex, Valletta, Xaghra, Xewkija, Xghajra, Zabbar, Zebbug, Zebbug (Ghawdex), Zejtun, Zurrieq" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "21 September 1964 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 21 September (1964); Republic Day, 13 December (1974)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "1964; amended many times" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and civil law (based on the Roman and Napoleonic civil codes)" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President George ABELA (since 4 April 2009)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Joseph MUSCAT (since 11 March 2013)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister", - "elections": "president elected by a resolution of the House of Representatives for a five-year term; election last held on 12 January 2009 (next to be held by April 2014); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president for a five-year term; the deputy prime minister appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister", - "election_results": "George ABELA elected president by the House of Representatives" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral House of Representatives (normally 65 seats; members are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation by the Single Transferrable Vote (STV) to serve five-year terms; note - the parliament elected in 2013 is composed of 69 seats; when the political party winning an absolute majority of first-count votes (or a plurality of first-count votes in an election where only two parties are represented in parliament) does not win an absolute majority of seats, the constitution provides for the winning party to be awarded additional number of seats in parliament to guarantee it an absolute majority; in the event that more than two parties are represented in parliament, with none acquiring the absolute majority of votes, the party winning the majority of seats prevails", - "elections": "last held on 9 March 2013 (next to be held by March 2018)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - PN 54.8%, PL 43.3%, other 1.9%; seats by party - PN 39, PL 30" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Court of Appeal (consists of 7 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 3 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Court of Appeal and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president, usually upon the advice of the prime minister; judges of both courts serve until age 65", - "subordinate_courts": "Court of Criminal Appeal; Civil Court (divided into the General Jurisdiction Section, Family Section, and Voluntary Section); Criminal Court; Court of Magistrates; Gozo Courts (for the islands of Gozo and Comino" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Alternativa Demokratika/Alliance for Social Justice or AD (Green Party) [Michael BRIGUGLIO]; Labor Party or PL [Joseph MUSCAT]; Nationalist Party or PN [Lawrence GONZI]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Alliance of Liberal Democrats Malta (Alleanza Liberali-Demokratika Malta) of ALDM (for divorce, abortion, gay marriage, women's rights); Together for a Better Environment (Flimkien Ghal-Ambjent Ahjar) or FAA (pro-environment); ", - "other": "environmentalists" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "Australia Group, C, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NSG, OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina (observer), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Joseph COLE", - "chancery": "2017 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 462-3611 through 3612", - "fax": "[1] (202) 387-5470", - "consulates": "New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Gina ABERCROMBIE-WINSTANLEY", - "embassy": "Ta' Qali National Park, Attard, ATD 4000", - "mailing_address": "5800 Valetta Place, Dulles, VA 20189", - "telephone": "[356] 2561 4000", - "fax": "[356] 2124 3229" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "two equal vertical bands of white (hoist side) and red; in the upper hoist-side corner is a representation of the George Cross, edged in red; according to legend, the colors are taken from the red and white checkered banner of Count Roger of Sicily who removed a bi-colored corner and granted it to Malta in 1091; an uncontested explanation is that the colors are those of the Knights of Saint John who ruled Malta from 1530 to 1798; in 1942, King George VI of the United Kingdom awarded the George Cross to the islanders for their exceptional bravery and gallantry in World War II; since independence in 1964, the George Cross bordered in red has appeared directly on the white field" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Maltese cross" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"L-Innu Malti\" (The Maltese Anthem)", - "lyrics_music": "Dun Karm PSAILA/Robert SAMMUT", - "note": "adopted 1945; the anthem is written in the form of a prayer" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Malta - the smallest economy in the euro zone - produces only about 20% of its food needs, has limited fresh water supplies, and has few domestic energy sources. Malta's geographic position between Europe and North Africa makes it a target for irregular migration, which has strained Malta's political and economic resources. Malta''s fertility rate is below the EU average, and population growth in recent years has largely been from immigration, putting increasing pressure on the pension system. Malta adopted the euro on 1 January 2008. Malta''s economy is dependent on foreign trade, manufacturing, and tourism, and was hurt by the global economic downturn. Malta has low unemployment relative to other European countries, and growth has recovered since the 2009 recession. Malta''s financial services industry has grown in recent years and it has avoided contagion from the European financial crisis, largely because its debt is mostly held domestically and its banks have low exposure to the sovereign debt of peripheral European countries. Malta reduced its deficit below 3 percent of GDP, leading the EU to dismiss its official excessive deficit procedure against Malta in 2012." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$11.45 billion (2012 est.); $11.35 billion (2011 est.); $11.16 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$8.689 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.8% (2012 est.); 1.7% (2011 est.); 2.9% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$27,500 (2012 est.); $27,300 (2011 est.); $26,900 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "12.7% of GDP (2012 est.); 12.8% of GDP (2011 est.); 12% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "60.4%", - "government_consumption": "21.5%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "14.6%", - "investment_in_inventories": "-2.2%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "101.9%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-96.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "1.9%", - "industry": "17.2%", - "services": "80.9% (2010 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "potatoes, cauliflower, grapes, wheat, barley, tomatoes, citrus, cut flowers, green peppers; pork, milk, poultry, eggs" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "tourism, electronics, ship building and repair, construction, food and beverages, pharmaceuticals, footwear, clothing, tobacco, aviation services, financial services, information technology services" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "184,500 (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "1.5%", - "industry": "24.7%", - "services": "73.9% (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "6.4% (2012 est.); 6.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "15.4% (2011)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "27.4 (2011); 26 (2007)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$3.52 billion", - "expenditures": "$3.81 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "40.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-3.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "72.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 70.3% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "Malta reports public debt at nominal value outstanding at the end of the year, according to guidelines set out in the Maastricht Treaty for general government gross debt; the data include the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); general government comprises the central government, state government, local government and social security funds" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.4% (2012 est.); 2.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "1.75% (31 December 2011); 1.75% (31 December 2010)", - "note": "this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "4.7% (31 December 2012 est.); 4.76% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$5.271 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.095 billion (31 December 2011 est.)", - "note": "see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the EMU; individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$12.66 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $12.53 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$13.22 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $12.94 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$3.424 billion (31 December 2011); $2.399 billion (31 December 2010); $1.982 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$221.2 million (2012 est.); -$268.8 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$4.044 billion (2012 est.); $4.139 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and mechanical appliances; mineral fuels, oils and products; pharmaceutical products; printed books and newspapers; aircraft/spacecraft and parts; toys, games, and sports equipment" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 14.6%, France 9.9%, Italy 6.8%, Libya 5.5%, UK 5% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$5.368 billion (2012 est.); $5.576 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "mineral fuels, oils and products; electrical machinery; aircraft/spacecraft and parts thereof; machinery and mechanical appliances; plastic and other semi-manufactured goods; vehicles and parts thereof" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Italy 39.6%, France 6.9%, UK 6.9%, Germany 5.3% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$704.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $515.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$45.77 billion (31 December 2012); $43.16 billion (31 December 2011)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$17.25 billion (31 December 2010); $9.019 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$1.213 billion (2010 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -; 0.7778 (2012 est.); 0.7185 (2011 est.); 0.755 (2010 est.); 0.7198 (2009 est.); 0.6827 (2008 est.)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "2.168 billion kWh (2011)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "1.991 billion kWh (2010)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "573,000 kW (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "99.7% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0.3% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "19,520 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "NA (2010 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "47,050 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "3.114 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "232,300 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "521,700 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "automatic system featuring submarine cable and microwave radio relay between islands", - "domestic": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular subscribership exceeds 180 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 356; submarine cable connects to Italy; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "2 publicly owned TV stations, Television Malta (TVM) broadcasting nationally plus an educational channel; several privately owned national television stations, two of which are owned by political parties; Italian and British broadcast programs are available; multi-channel cable and satellite TV services are available; publicly owned radio broadcaster operates 1 station; roughly 20 commercial radio stations (2011)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".mt" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "14,754 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "240,600 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "1", - "over_3_047_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "2 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "3,096 km", - "paved": "2,710 km", - "unpaved": "386 km (2005)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "1,650", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 544, cargo 351, carrier 1, chemical tanker 324, container 117, liquefied gas 36, passenger 50, passenger/cargo 18, petroleum tanker 160, refrigerated cargo 7, roll on/roll off 22, specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 18", - "foreign_owned": "1,437 (Angola 7, Azerbaijan 1, Belgium 7, Bermuda 15, Bulgaria 8, Canada 5, China 6, Croatia 6, Cyprus 32, Denmark 34, Egypt 1, Estonia 16, Finland 3, France 8, Germany 135, Greece 469, Hong Kong 4, India 3, Iran 48, Ireland 4, Israel 3, Italy 45, Japan 5, Kuwait 3, Latvia 8, Lebanon 6, Libya 5, Luxembourg 3, Malaysia 1, Monaco 3, Netherlands 3, Norway 96, Oman 5, Poland 21, Portugal 3, Romania 7, Russia 45, Saudi Arabia 2, Singapore 4, Slovenia 4, South Korea 2, Spain 8, Sweden 1, Switzerland 20, Syria 4, Turkey 233, UAE 1, UK 21, Ukraine 29, US 34)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "2 (Panama 2) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Marsaxlokk (Malta Freeport), Valletta", - "container_ports_teus": "Marsaxlokk (2,360,000)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Armed Forces of Malta (AFM; includes land, maritime, and air elements) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "17 years 6 months of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "95,499", - "females_age_16_49": "90,919 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "79,645", - "females_age_16_49": "75,684 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "2,554", - "female": "2,385 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "5,041 Somalia (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "minor transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Western Europe" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/nl-netherlands.json b/europe/nl-netherlands.json deleted file mode 100644 index 682127b7..00000000 --- a/europe/nl-netherlands.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,624 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The Dutch United Provinces declared their independence from Spain in 1579; during the 17th century, they became a leading seafaring and commercial power, with settlements and colonies around the world. After a 20-year French occupation, a Kingdom of the Netherlands was formed in 1815. In 1830 Belgium seceded and formed a separate kingdom. The Netherlands remained neutral in World War I, but suffered invasion and occupation by Germany in World War II. A modern, industrialized nation, the Netherlands is also a large exporter of agricultural products. The country was a founding member of NATO and the EEC (now the EU) and participated in the introduction of the euro in 1999. In October 2010, the former Netherlands Antilles was dissolved and the three smallest islands - Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba - became special municipalities in the Netherlands administrative structure. The larger islands of Sint Maarten and Curacao joined the Netherlands and Aruba as constituent countries forming the Kingdom of the Netherlands." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between Belgium and Germany" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "52 30 N, 5 45 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "41,543 sq km", - "land": "33,893 sq km", - "water": "7,650 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly less than twice the size of New Jersey" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,027 km", - "border_countries": "Belgium 450 km, Germany 577 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "451 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_fishing_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "temperate; marine; cool summers and mild winters" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly coastal lowland and reclaimed land (polders); some hills in southeast" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Zuidplaspolder -7 m", - "highest_point": "Mount Scenery 862 m (on the island of Saba in the Caribbean, now considered an integral part of the Netherlands following the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles)", - "note": "the highest point on continental Netherlands is Vaalserberg at 322 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "natural gas, petroleum, peat, limestone, salt, sand and gravel, arable land" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "25.08%", - "permanent_crops": "0.88%", - "other": "74.04% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "4,572 sq km (2007)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "91 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "10.61 cu km/yr (12%/88%/1%)", - "per_capita": "636.7 cu m/yr (2008)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "flooding" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "water pollution in the form of heavy metals, organic compounds, and nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates; air pollution from vehicles and refining activities; acid rain" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "located at mouths of three major European rivers (Rhine, Maas or Meuse, and Schelde)" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Dutchman(men), Dutchwoman(women)", - "adjective": "Dutch" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Dutch 80.7%, EU 5%, Indonesian 2.4%, Turkish 2.2%, Surinamese 2%, Moroccan 2%, Caribbean 0.8%, other 4.8% (2008 est.)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Dutch (official), Frisian (official)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 30%, Protestant 20% (Dutch Reformed 11%, Calvinist 6%, other Protestant 3%), Muslim 5.8%, other 2.2%, none 42% (2006)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "16,805,037 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "17.1% (male 1,468,364/female 1,401,651)", - "15_24_years": "12.2% (male 1,041,181/female 1,002,125)", - "25_54_years": "40.8% (male 3,436,713/female 3,411,374)", - "55_64_years": "12.9% (male 1,083,095/female 1,085,929)", - "65_years_and_over": "17.1% (male 1,284,788/female 1,589,817) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "51.7 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "25.9 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "25.8 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "3.9 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "41.8 years", - "male": "41 years", - "female": "42.6 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.44% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "10.85 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "8.48 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "1.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "83% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.8% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "AMSTERDAM (capital) 1.044 million; Rotterdam 1.008 million; The Hague (seat of government) 629,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.8 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "28.9 (2005 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "6 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "3.69 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "3.99 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "3.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "81.01 years", - "male": "78.93 years", - "female": "83.21 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.78 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "69%", - "note": "percent of women aged 18-45 (2008)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "11.9% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "3.92 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "4.7 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.2% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "22,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "18.8% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.9% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99%", - "male": "99%", - "female": "99% (2003 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "17 years", - "male": "17 years", - "female": "17 years (2010)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "7.7%", - "male": "7.5%", - "female": "7.8% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Kingdom of the Netherlands", - "conventional_short_form": "Netherlands", - "local_long_form": "Koninkrijk der Nederlanden", - "local_short_form": "Nederland" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "constitutional monarchy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Amsterdam", - "geographic_coordinates": "52 21 N, 4 55 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October", - "note": "The Hague is the seat of government; time descriptions apply to the continental Netherlands only, not to the Caribbean components" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "12 provinces (provincies, singular - provincie); Drenthe, Flevoland, Fryslan (Friesland), Gelderland, Groningen, Limburg, Noord-Brabant (North Brabant), Noord-Holland (North Holland), Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (Zealand), Zuid-Holland (South Holland)" - }, - "dependent_areas": { - "text": "Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "23 January 1579 (the northern provinces of the Low Countries conclude the Union of Utrecht breaking with Spain; on 26 July 1581 they formally declared their independence with an Act of Abjuration; however, it was not until 30 January 1648 and the Peace of Westphalia that Spain recognized this independence)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Queen's Day (Birthday of deceased Queen-Mother JULIANA and accession to the throne of her oldest daughter BEATRIX), 30 April (1909 and 1980)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "adopted 1815; amended many times" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system based on the French system; constitution does not permit judicial review of acts of the States General" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "King WILLEM-ALEXANDER (since 30 April 2013)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Mark RUTTE (since 14 October 2010); Deputy Prime Minister Lodewijk ASSCHER (since 5 November 2012); note - Mark RUTTE tendered his resignation 23 April 2012; new elections were held on 12 September 2012 in which his party won the most seats; during the interim period he remained in office in a care-taking position; he was sworn in again to be prime minister on 5 November 2012", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch", - "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; deputy prime ministers appointed by the monarch", - "note": "there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors that provides consultations to the cabinet on legislative and administrative policy" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral States General or Staten Generaal consists of the First Chamber or Eerste Kamer (75 seats; members indirectly elected by the country's 12 provincial councils to serve four-year terms) and the Second Chamber or Tweede Kamer (150 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve at most four-year terms)", - "elections": "First Chamber - last held on May 2011 (next to be held in May 2015); Second Chamber - last held on 12 September 2012 (next to be held by September 2016)", - "election_results": "First Chamber - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - VVD 16, PvdA 14, CDA 11, PVV 10, SP 8, D66 5, GL 5, other 6; Second Chamber - percent of vote by party - VVD 26.6%, PvdA 24.8%, PVV, 10.1%, SP 9.7%, CDA 8.5%, D66 8.0%, CU 3.1%, GL 6.7%, other 2.5%; seats by party - VVD 41, PvdA 38, PVV 15, SP 15, CDA 13, D66 12, CU 5, GL 4, other 7" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Hoge Raad (consists of 41 judges: the president, 6 vice-presidents, 31 justices or raadsheren, and 3 justices in exceptional service, referred to as buitengewone dienst); the court is divided into criminal, civil, tax, and ombuds chambers", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "justices appointed by the monarch from a list provided by the Second Chamber of the States General; justices appointed for life or until mandatory retirement at age 70", - "subordinate_courts": "courts of appeal; district courts, each with up to 5 subdistrict courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Christian Democratic Appeal or CDA [Sybrand VAN HAERSMA BUMA]; Christian Union or CU [Arie SLOB]; Democrats 66 or D66 [Alexander PECHTOLD]; Green Left or GL [Bram VAN OJIK]; Labor Party or PvdA [Diederik SAMSOM]; Party for Freedom or PVV [Geert WILDERS]; Party for the Animals or PvdD [Marianne THIEME]; People's Party for Freedom and Democracy or VVD [Halbe ZIJLSTRA]; Reformed Political Party of SGP [Kees VAN DER STAAIJ]; Socialist Party of SP [Emile ROEMER]; plus a few minor parties" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Christian Trade Union Federation or CNV [Jaap SMIT]; Confederation of Netherlands Industry and Employers or VNO-NCW [Bernard WIENTJES]; Federation for Small and Medium-sized businesses or MKB [Hans BIESHEUVEL]; Netherlands Trade Union Federation or FNV [Ton HEERTS]; Social Economic Council or SER [Wiebe DRAIJER]; Trade Union Federation of Middle and High Personnel or MHP [Reginald VISSER]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Rudolf Simon BEKINK", - "chancery": "4200 Linnean Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 244-5300, [1] 877-388-2443", - "fax": "[1] (202) 362-3430", - "consulates_general": "Chicago, Miami, New York, San Francisco", - "consulates": "Boston" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires ad interim Edwin NOLAN", - "embassy": "Lange Voorhout 102, 2514 EJ, The Hague", - "mailing_address": "PSC 71, Box 1000, APO AE 09715", - "telephone": "[31] (70) 310-2209", - "fax": "[31] (70) 310-2207", - "consulates_general": "Amsterdam" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue; similar to the flag of Luxembourg, which uses a lighter blue and is longer; the colors were those of WILLIAM I, Prince of Orange, who led the Dutch Revolt against Spanish sovereignty in the latter half of the 16th century; originally the upper band was orange, but because it tended to fade to red over time, the red shade was eventually made the permanent color; the banner is perhaps the oldest tricolor in continuous use" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "lion" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Het Wilhelmus\" (The William)", - "lyrics_music": "Philips VAN MARNIX van Sint Aldegonde (presumed)/unknown", - "note": "adopted 1932, in use since the 17th century, making it the oldest national anthem in the world; also known as \"Wilhelmus van Nassouwe\" (William of Nassau), it is in the form of an acrostic, where the first letter of each stanza spells the name of the leader of the Dutch Revolt" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "The Dutch economy is the sixth-largest economy in the euro-zone and is noted for its stable industrial relations, moderate unemployment and inflation, a sizable trade surplus, and an important role as a European transportation hub. Industrial activity is predominantly in food processing, chemicals, petroleum refining, and electrical machinery. A highly mechanized agricultural sector employs only 2% of the labor force but provides large surpluses for the food-processing industry and for exports. The Netherlands, along with 11 of its EU partners, began circulating the euro currency on 1 January 2002. After 26 years of uninterrupted economic growth, the Dutch economy - highly dependent on an international financial sector and international trade - contracted by 3.5% in 2009 as a result of the global financial crisis. The Dutch financial sector suffered, due in part to the high exposure of some Dutch banks to U.S. mortgage-backed securities. In 2008, the government nationalized two banks and injected billions of dollars of capital into other financial institutions, to prevent further deterioration of a crucial sector. The government also sought to boost the domestic economy by accelerating infrastructure programs, offering corporate tax breaks for employers to retain workers, and expanding export credit facilities. The stimulus programs and bank bailouts, however, resulted in a government budget deficit of 5.3% of GDP in 2010 that contrasted sharply with a surplus of 0.7% in 2008. The government of Prime Minister Mark RUTTE began implementing fiscal consolidation measures in early 2011, mainly reductions in expenditures, which resulted in an improved budget deficit in 2011. In 2012 tax revenues dropped nearly 9%, GDP contracted, and the budget deficit deteriorated. Although jobless claims continued to grow, the unemployment rate remained relatively low at 6.8 percent." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$718.6 billion (2012 est.); $725 billion (2011 est.); $717.9 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$773.1 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.9% (2012 est.); 1% (2011 est.); 1.6% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$42,900 (2012 est.); $43,400 (2011 est.); $43,200 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "27.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 28.2% of GDP (2011 est.); 25.8% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "45.5%", - "government_consumption": "28.4%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "16.8%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.4%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "87.3%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-78.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "2.8%", - "industry": "24%", - "services": "73.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "grains, potatoes, sugar beets, fruits, vegetables; livestock" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "agroindustries, metal and engineering products, electrical machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum, construction, microelectronics, fishing" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "7.895 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "2%", - "industry": "18%", - "services": "80% (2005 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "5.3% (2012 est.); 5.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "10.5% (2005)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.5%", - "highest_10%": "22.9% (1999)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "30.9 (2007); 32.6 (1994)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$357.9 billion", - "expenditures": "$388.8 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "46.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "71.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 65.4% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.8% (2012 est.); 2.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "1.5% (31 December 2012); 1.75% (31 December 2010)", - "note": "this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "2.65% (31 December 2012 est.); 3.19% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$389.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $369 billion (31 December 2011 est.)", - "note": "see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$1.119 trillion (31 December 2011 est.); $1.088 trillion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$1.698 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.646 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$594.7 billion (31 December 2011); $661.2 billion (31 December 2010); $542.5 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$77.2 billion (2012 est.); $70.92 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$538.5 billion (2012 est.); $549.8 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels; foodstuffs" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 26.3%, Belgium 14.1%, France 8.8%, UK 8%, Italy 4.5% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$474.8 billion (2012 est.); $484.6 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs, clothing" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 13.9%, China 12%, Belgium 8.4%, UK 6.7%, Russia 6.4%, US 6.1% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$54.82 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $51.27 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$2.487 trillion (31 December 2012); $2.482 trillion (31 December 2011)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$558.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $629.7 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$950.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.053 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -; 0.7778 (2012 est.); 0.7185 (2011 est.); 0.755 (2010 est.); 0.7198 (2009 est.); 0.6827 (2008 est.)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "108 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "107.4 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "12.81 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "15.58 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "25.99 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "84.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "13.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "41,990 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "13,140 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "964,100 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "287.4 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "1.239 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "1.01 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "1.858 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "1.61 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "81.09 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "49.05 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "54.8 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "22.76 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "1.303 trillion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "263.4 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "7.135 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "19.835 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "highly developed and well maintained", - "domestic": "extensive fixed-line fiber-optic network; large cellular telephone system with 5 major operators utilizing the third generation of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) technology; one in five households now use Voice over the Internet Protocol (VoIP) services", - "international": "country code - 31; submarine cables provide links to the US and Europe; satellite earth stations - 5 (3 Intelsat - 1 Indian Ocean and 2 Atlantic Ocean, 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "more than 90% of households are connected to cable or satellite TV systems that provide a wide range of domestic and foreign channels; public service broadcast system includes multiple broadcasters, 3 with a national reach and the remainder operating in regional and local markets; 2 major nationwide commercial television companies, each with 3 or more stations, and many commercial TV stations in regional and local markets; nearly 600 radio stations with a mix of public and private stations providing national or regional coverage (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".nl" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "13.699 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "14.872 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "29 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "23", - "over_3_047_m": "3", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "11", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "6", - "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "6", - "914_to_1_523_m": "4", - "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "condensate 81 km; gas 8,531 km; oil 578 km; refined products 716 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "2,896 km", - "standard_gauge": "2,896 km 1.435-m gauge (2,195 km electrified) (2009)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "136,827 km (includes 2,631 km of expressways) (2008)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "6,214 km (navigable for ships of 50 tons) (2009)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "744", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 4, cargo 514, carrier 15, chemical tanker 56, container 67, liquefied gas 21, passenger 17, passenger/cargo 14, petroleum tanker 4, refrigerated cargo 10, roll on/roll off 19, specialized tanker 3", - "foreign_owned": "196 (Australia 1, Bermuda 1, Denmark 27, Finland 13, France 2, Germany 86, Ireland 8, Italy 6, Japan 1, Norway 19, Sweden 12, UAE 4, US 16)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "233 (Antigua and Barbuda 17, Bahamas 23, Belize 1, Canada 1, Curacao 43, Cyprus 23, Germany 1, Gibraltar 34, Italy 2, Liberia 31, Luxembourg 3, Malta 3, Marshall Islands 21, Panama 6, Paraguay 1, Philippines 17, Russia 2, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Singapore 1, UK 1, unknown 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_ports": "Amsterdam, IJmuiden, Moerdijk, Rotterdam, Terneuzen, Vlissingen", - "container_ports": "Rotterdam (11,876,920)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Royal Netherlands Army, Royal Netherlands Navy (includes Naval Air Service and Marine Corps), Royal Netherlands Air Force (Koninklijke Luchtmacht, KLu), Royal Military Police (2012)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "17 years of age for an all-volunteer force (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "3,911,098", - "females_age_16_49": "3,817,031 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "3,201,328", - "females_age_16_49": "3,122,889 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "103,462", - "female": "98,383 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.6% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "18,255 (Iraq); 15,715 (Somalia); 5,697 (Afghanistan) (2012)", - "stateless_persons": "2,005 (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "major European producer of synthetic drugs, including ecstasy, and cannabis cultivator; important gateway for cocaine, heroin, and hashish entering Europe; major source of US-bound ecstasy; large financial sector vulnerable to money laundering; significant consumer of ecstasy" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/no-norway.json b/europe/no-norway.json deleted file mode 100644 index 4452674d..00000000 --- a/europe/no-norway.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,617 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Two centuries of Viking raids into Europe tapered off following the adoption of Christianity by King Olav TRYGGVASON in 994. Conversion of the Norwegian kingdom occurred over the next several decades. In 1397, Norway was absorbed into a union with Denmark that lasted more than four centuries. In 1814, Norwegians resisted the cession of their country to Sweden and adopted a new constitution. Sweden then invaded Norway but agreed to let Norway keep its constitution in return for accepting the union under a Swedish king. Rising nationalism throughout the 19th century led to a 1905 referendum granting Norway independence. Although Norway remained neutral in World War I, it suffered heavy losses to its shipping. Norway proclaimed its neutrality at the outset of World War II, but was nonetheless occupied for five years by Nazi Germany (1940-45). In 1949, neutrality was abandoned and Norway became a member of NATO. Discovery of oil and gas in adjacent waters in the late 1960s boosted Norway's economic fortunes. In referenda held in 1972 and 1994, Norway rejected joining the EU. Key domestic issues include immigration and integration of ethnic minorities, maintaining the country's extensive social safety net with an aging population, and preserving economic competitiveness." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Northern Europe, bordering the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Sweden" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "62 00 N, 10 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "323,802 sq km", - "land": "304,282 sq km", - "water": "19,520 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than New Mexico" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "2,542 km", - "border_countries": "Finland 727 km, Sweden 1,619 km, Russia 196 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "25,148 km (includes mainland 2,650 km, as well as long fjords, numerous small islands, and minor indentations 22,498 km; length of island coastlines 58,133 km)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "10 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior with increased precipitation and colder summers; rainy year-round on west coast" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "glaciated; mostly high plateaus and rugged mountains broken by fertile valleys; small, scattered plains; coastline deeply indented by fjords; arctic tundra in north" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Norwegian Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Galdhopiggen 2,469 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, titanium, pyrites, nickel, fish, timber, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "2.52%", - "permanent_crops": "0.01%", - "other": "97.46% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "1,149 sq km (2007)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "382 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "2.94 cu km/yr (28%/43%/29%)", - "per_capita": "622.4 cu m/yr (2006)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "rockslides, avalanches", - "volcanism": "Beerenberg (elev. 2,227 m) on Jan Mayen Island in the Norwegian Sea is the country's only active volcano" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "water pollution; acid rain damaging forests and adversely affecting lakes, threatening fish stocks; air pollution from vehicle emissions" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "about two-thirds mountains; some 50,000 islands off its much-indented coastline; strategic location adjacent to sea lanes and air routes in North Atlantic; one of the most rugged and longest coastlines in the world" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Norwegian(s)", - "adjective": "Norwegian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Norwegian 94.4% (includes Sami, about 60,000), other European 3.6%, other 2% (2007 estimate)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Bokmal Norwegian (official), Nynorsk Norwegian (official), small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities", - "note": "Sami is official in six municipalities" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Church of Norway (Evangelical Lutheran - official) 85.7%, Pentecostal 1%, Roman Catholic 1%, other Christian 2.4%, Muslim 1.8%, other 8.1% (2004)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "4,722,701 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "17.5% (male 421,440/female 404,161)", - "15_24_years": "13.4% (male 322,413/female 309,906)", - "25_54_years": "39.8% (male 950,047/female 931,000)", - "55_64_years": "12.5% (male 296,759/female 292,777)", - "65_years_and_over": "16.8% (male 350,812/female 443,386) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "52.6 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "28.5 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "24.1 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "4.1 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "40.6 years", - "male": "39.7 years", - "female": "41.4 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.33% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "10.8 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "9.21 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "1.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "79% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.2% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "OSLO (capital) 875,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.78 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "28.4 (2011 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "7 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "3.47 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "3.79 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "3.13 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "80.44 years", - "male": "77.76 years", - "female": "83.27 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.77 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "88.4%", - "note": "percent of women aged 20-44 (2005)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "9.5% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "4.08 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "3.3 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "4,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "21.5% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "7.3% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "100%", - "male": "100%", - "female": "100%" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "18 years", - "male": "17 years", - "female": "18 years (2010)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "8.6%", - "male": "9.3%", - "female": "7.9% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Kingdom of Norway", - "conventional_short_form": "Norway", - "local_long_form": "Kongeriket Norge", - "local_short_form": "Norge" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "constitutional monarchy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Oslo", - "geographic_coordinates": "59 55 N, 10 45 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "19 counties (fylker, singular - fylke); Akershus, Aust-Agder, Buskerud, Finnmark, Hedmark, Hordaland, More og Romsdal, Nordland, Nord-Trondelag, Oppland, Oslo, Ostfold, Rogaland, Sogn og Fjordane, Sor-Trondelag, Telemark, Troms, Vest-Agder, Vestfold" - }, - "dependent_areas": { - "text": "Bouvet Island, Jan Mayen, Svalbard" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "7 June 1905 (Norway declared the union with Sweden dissolved); 26 October 1905 (Sweden agreed to the repeal of the union)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Constitution Day, 17 May (1814)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "17 May 1814; amended many times" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil, common, and customary law; Supreme Court can advise on legislative acts" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "King HARALD V (since 17 January 1991); Heir Apparent Crown Prince HAAKON MAGNUS, son of the monarch (born 20 July 1973)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Jens STOLTENBERG (since 17 October 2005)", - "cabinet": "State Council appointed by the monarch with the approval of parliament", - "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; following parliamentary elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch with the approval of the parliament" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "modified unicameral Parliament or Storting (169 seats; members elected by popular vote by proportional representation to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 14 September 2009 (next to be held in September 2013)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - Ap 35.4%, FrP 22.9%, H 17.2%, SV 6.2%, Sp 6.2%, KrF 5.5%, V 3.9%, other 2.7%; seats by party - Ap 64, FrP 41, H 30, SV 11, Sp 11, KrF 10, V 2" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Hoyesterett (consists of the chief justice and 18 associate justices) note - in addition to professionally trained judges, there are elected lay judges that sit on the bench with professional judges in the Courts of Appeal and district courts", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "justices appointed by the monarch (King in Council) upon the recommendation of the Judicial Appointments Board; justice retirement mandatory at age 70", - "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal or Lagmensrett; regional and district courts; Conciliation Boards; ordinary and special courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Center Party or Sp [Liv Signe NAVARSETE]; Christian Democratic Party or KrF [Knut Arild HAREIDE]; Conservative Party or H [Erna SOLBERG]; Labor Party or Ap [Jens STOLTENBERG]; Liberal Party or V [Trine SKEI-GRANDE]; Progress Party or FrP [Siv JENSEN]; Socialist Left Party or SV [Audun LYSBAKKEN]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise (Naeringslivets Hovedorganisasjon) or NHO [President Kristin SKOGEN LUND; CEO John Gordon BERNANDER]; Norwegian Association of the Disabled; Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions (Landsorganisasjonen i Norge) or LO [Roar FLATHEN]; ", - "other": "environmental groups; media; digital privacy movements" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, EITI (implementing country), ESA, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Wegger C. STROMMEN", - "chancery": "2720 34th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 333-6000", - "fax": "[1] (202) 469-3990", - "consulates_general": "Houston, New York, San Francisco" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Barry B. WHITE", - "embassy": "Henrik Ibsens gate 48, 0244 Oslo; note - the embassy will move to Huseby in the near future", - "mailing_address": "PSC 69, Box 1000, APO AE 09707", - "telephone": "[47] 21-30-85-40", - "fax": "[47] 22-44-33-63, 22-56-27-51" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "red with a blue cross outlined in white that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag); the colors recall Norway's past political unions with Denmark (red and white) and Sweden (blue)" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "lion" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Ja, vi elsker dette landet\" (Yes, We Love This Country)", - "lyrics_music": "Bjornstjerne BJORNSON/Rikard NORDRAAK", - "note": "adopted 1864; in addition to the national anthem, \"Kongesangen\" (Song of the King), which uses the tune of \"God Save the Queen,\" serves as the royal anthem" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "The Norwegian economy is a prosperous mixed economy, with a vibrant private sector, a large state sector, and an extensive social safety net. The government controls key areas, such as the vital petroleum sector, through extensive regulation and large-scale state-majority-owned enterprises. The country is richly endowed with natural resources - petroleum, hydropower, fish, forests, and minerals - and is highly dependent on the petroleum sector, which accounts for the largest portion of export revenue and about 20% of government revenue. Norway is the world's third-largest natural gas exporter; and seventh largest oil exporter, making one of its largest offshore oil finds in 2011. Norway opted to stay out of the EU during a referendum in November 1994; nonetheless, as a member of the European Economic Area, it contributes sizably to the EU budget. In anticipation of eventual declines in oil and gas production, Norway saves state revenue from the petroleum sector in the world's second largest sovereign wealth fund, valued at over $700 billion in January 2013 and uses the fund''s return to help finance public expenses. After solid GDP growth in 2004-07, the economy slowed in 2008, and contracted in 2009, before returning to positive growth in 2010-12, however, the government budget is set to remain in surplus." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$281.7 billion (2012 est.); $273.5 billion (2011 est.); $269.9 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$501.1 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "3% (2012 est.); 1.3% (2011 est.); 0.2% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$55,900 (2012 est.); $55,000 (2011 est.); $55,000 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "40.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 37.7% of GDP (2011 est.); 35.2% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "40.4%", - "government_consumption": "21.3%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "20.6%", - "investment_in_inventories": "4.5%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "40.7%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-27.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "2.9%", - "industry": "41.8%", - "services": "55.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "barley, wheat, potatoes; pork, beef, veal, milk; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "petroleum and gas, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles, fishing" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "6.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "2.678 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "2.9%", - "industry": "21.1%", - "services": "76% (2008)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "3.2% (2012 est.); 3.3% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.9%", - "highest_10%": "21% (2008)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "25 (2008); 25.8 (1995)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$285.7 billion", - "expenditures": "$216.5 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "57% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "13.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "29.7% of GDP (2012 est.); 28.7% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data exclude treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "0.7% (2012 est.); 1.3% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "6.25% (31 December 2010 est.); 1.75% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "3.7% (31 December 2012 est.); 4.4% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$152.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $138.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$309.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $280.4 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$705.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $615.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$219.2 billion (31 December 2011); $250.9 billion (31 December 2010); $227.2 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$76.1 billion (2012 est.); $70.3 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$158.8 billion (2012 est.); $159.2 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "petroleum and petroleum products, machinery and equipment, metals, chemicals, ships, fish" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "UK 25.6%, Germany 12.6%, Netherlands 12%, France 6.7%, Sweden 6.3%, US 5% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$86.72 billion (2012 est.); $89.1 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals, foodstuffs" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Sweden 13.6%, Germany 12.4%, China 9.3%, Denmark 6.3%, UK 6.1%, US 5.4% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$51.86 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $49.4 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$659.1 billion (31 December 2012); $595.7 billion (31 December 2011)", - "note": "Norway is a net external creditor" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$244.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $236.4 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$224.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $210.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Norwegian kroner (NOK) per US dollar -; 5.8162 (2012 est.); 5.6065 (2011 est.); 6.0442 (2010 est.); 6.288 (2009); 5.6361 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "122.2 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "110.8 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "7.123 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "14.67 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "30.95 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "2.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "91.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "1.998 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "1.759 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "19,960 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "5.32 billion bbl (1 January 2010 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "324,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "255,200 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "412,600 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "98,340 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "103.1 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "4.809 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "98.3 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "2.007 trillion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "41.8 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "1.529 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "5.7 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "modern in all respects; one of the most advanced telecommunications networks in Europe", - "domestic": "Norway has a domestic satellite system; the prevalence of rural areas encourages the wide use of mobile-cellular systems", - "international": "country code - 47; 2 buried coaxial cable systems; submarine cables provide links to other Nordic countries and Europe; satellite earth stations - NA Eutelsat, NA Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Norway shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Sweden) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-owned public radio-TV broadcaster operates 3 nationwide TV stations, 3 nationwide radio stations, and 16 regional radio stations; roughly a dozen privately owned television stations broadcast nationally and roughly another 25 local TV stations broadcasting; nearly 75% of households have access to multi-channel cable or satellite TV; 2 privately owned radio stations broadcast nationwide and another 240 stations operate locally (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".no" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "3.588 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "4.431 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "95 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "67", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "14", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "10", - "914_to_1_523_m": "22", - "under_914_m": "21 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "28", - "914_to_1_523_m": "6", - "under_914_m": "22 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "condensate 578 km; condensate/gas 220 km; gas 8,044 km; oil 3,794 km; oil/gas/water 457 km; water 96 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "4,169 km", - "standard_gauge": "4,169 km 1.435-m gauge (2,784 km electrified) (2009)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "93,509 km (includes 253 km of expressways) (2007)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "1,577 km (2010)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "585", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 55, cargo 105, carrier 5, chemical tanker 121, combination ore/oil 12, liquefied gas 47, passenger 3, passenger/cargo 121, petroleum tanker 54, refrigerated cargo 9, roll on/roll off 4, vehicle carrier 49", - "foreign_owned": "81 (Bermuda 24, Canada 1, Cyprus 1, Denmark 7, France 5, Iceland 2, Lithuania 1, Saudi Arabia 3, Sweden 27, US 10)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "974 (Antigua and Barbuda 9, Bahamas 186, Barbados 38, Belize 2, Bermuda 5, Brazil 3, Canada 4, Chile 1, Comoros 1, Cook Islands 8, Croatia 2, Curacao 2, Cyprus 14, Denmark 2, Dominica 1, Equatorial Guinea 1, Estonia 2, Faroe Islands 13, Gibraltar 46, Hong Kong 48, Indonesia 3, Isle of Man 30, Italy 6, Liberia 38, Libya 1, Malta 96, Marshall Islands 75, Netherlands 19, Panama 81, Portugal 2, Saint Kitts and Nevis 3, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 13, Singapore 153, Spain 10, Sweden 3, UK 32, US 17, Vanuatu 1, unknown 3) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Bergen, Haugesund, Maaloy, Mongstad, Narvik, Sture" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Norwegian Army (Haeren), Royal Norwegian Navy (Kongelige Norske Sjoeforsvaret, RNoN; includes Coastal Rangers and Coast Guard (Kystvakt)), Royal Norwegian Air Force (Kongelige Norske Luftforsvaret, RNoAF), Home Guard (Heimevernet, HV) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "19-35 years of age for male compulsory military service; 16 years of age in wartime; 17 years of age for male volunteers; 18 years of age for women; 1-year service obligation followed by 4-5 refresher training periods through ages 35-60, totalling 18 months (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,079,043", - "females_age_16_49": "1,051,210 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "888,761", - "females_age_16_49": "865,697 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "32,290", - "female": "30,777 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.9% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Norway asserts a territorial claim in Antarctica (Queen Maud Land and its continental shelf); Denmark (Greenland) and Norway have made submissions to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental shelf (CLCS) and Russia is collecting additional data to augment its 2001 CLCS submission; Norway and Russia signed a comprehensive maritime boundary agreement in 2010" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "8,870 (Somalia); 5,727 (Iraq); 7,129 (Eritrea); 5,984 (Afghanistan) (2012)", - "stateless_persons": "2,313 (2012)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/pl-poland.json b/europe/pl-poland.json deleted file mode 100644 index 173fba82..00000000 --- a/europe/pl-poland.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,625 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Poland's history as a state begins near the middle of the 10th century. By the mid-16th century, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ruled a vast tract of land in central and eastern Europe. During the 18th century, internal disorders weakened the nation, and in a series of agreements between 1772 and 1795, Russia, Prussia, and Austria partitioned Poland among themselves. Poland regained its independence in 1918 only to be overrun by Germany and the Soviet Union in World War II. It became a Soviet satellite state following the war, but its government was comparatively tolerant and progressive. Labor turmoil in 1980 led to the formation of the independent trade union \"Solidarity\" that over time became a political force with over ten million members. Free elections in 1989 and 1990 won Solidarity control of the parliament and the presidency, bringing the communist era to a close. A \"shock therapy\" program during the early 1990s enabled the country to transform its economy into one of the most robust in Central Europe. Poland joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004. With its transformation to a democratic, market-oriented country largely completed, Poland is an increasingly active member of Euro-Atlantic organizations." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Central Europe, east of Germany" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "52 00 N, 20 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "312,685 sq km", - "land": "304,255 sq km", - "water": "8,430 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than New Mexico" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "3,047 km", - "border_countries": "Belarus 605 km, Czech Republic 615 km, Germany 456 km, Lithuania 91 km, Russia (Kaliningrad Oblast) 432 km, Slovakia 420 km, Ukraine 428 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "440 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "defined by international treaties" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "temperate with cold, cloudy, moderately severe winters with frequent precipitation; mild summers with frequent showers and thundershowers" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly flat plain; mountains along southern border" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "near Raczki Elblaskie -2 m", - "highest_point": "Rysy 2,499 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "coal, sulfur, copper, natural gas, silver, lead, salt, amber, arable land" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "35.49%", - "permanent_crops": "1.25%", - "other": "63.26% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "1,157 sq km (2007)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "61.6 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "11.96 cu km/yr (31%/60%/10%)", - "per_capita": "312.3 cu m/yr (2009)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "flooding" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "situation has improved since 1989 due to decline in heavy industry and increased environmental concern by post-Communist governments; air pollution nonetheless remains serious because of sulfur dioxide emissions from coal-fired power plants, and the resulting acid rain has caused forest damage; water pollution from industrial and municipal sources is also a problem, as is disposal of hazardous wastes; pollution levels should continue to decrease as industrial establishments bring their facilities up to EU code, but at substantial cost to business and the government" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "historically, an area of conflict because of flat terrain and the lack of natural barriers on the North European Plain" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Pole(s)", - "adjective": "Polish" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Polish 96.7%, German 0.4%, Belarusian 0.1%, Ukrainian 0.1%, other and unspecified 2.7% (2002 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Polish (official) 97.8%, other and unspecified 2.2% (2002 census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 89.8% [about 75% practicing], Eastern Orthodox 1.3%, Protestant 0.3%, other 0.3%, unspecified 8.3% (2002)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "38,383,809 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "14.6% (male 2,881,605/female 2,721,614)", - "15_24_years": "12.3% (male 2,412,546/female 2,313,222)", - "25_54_years": "44.1% (male 8,506,429/female 8,408,872)", - "55_64_years": "14.5% (male 2,632,058/female 2,952,063)", - "65_years_and_over": "14.5% (male 2,142,246/female 3,413,154) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "41.6 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "21.2 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "20.4 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "4.9 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "39.1 years", - "male": "37.5 years", - "female": "40.9 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.09% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "9.88 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "10.31 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.47 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "60.9% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "-0.04% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "WARSAW (capital) 1.71 million; Krakow 756,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.89 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.62 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.94 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "26.6 (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "5 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "6.3 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "7 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "5.56 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "76.45 years", - "male": "72.53 years", - "female": "80.62 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.32 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "72.7%", - "note": "20-49 (1991)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "7.5% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "2.14 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "6.7 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2008 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 96% of population; rural: 80% of population; total: 90% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 4% of population; rural: 20% of population; total: 10% of population (2008 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.1%; note - no country specific models provided (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "27,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 200 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "intermediate", - "vectorborne_disease": "tickborne encephalitis", - "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "25.3% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.1% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99.7%", - "male": "99.9%", - "female": "99.6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "15 years", - "male": "15 years", - "female": "16 years (2010)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "28.9%", - "male": "23.6%", - "female": "25.8% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Poland", - "conventional_short_form": "Poland", - "local_long_form": "Rzeczpospolita Polska", - "local_short_form": "Polska" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Warsaw", - "geographic_coordinates": "52 15 N, 21 00 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "16 provinces (wojewodztwa, singular - wojewodztwo); Dolnoslaskie (Lower Silesia), Kujawsko-Pomorskie (Kuyavia-Pomerania), Lodzkie, Lubelskie (Lublin), Lubuskie (Lubusz), Malopolskie (Lesser Poland), Mazowieckie (Masovia), Opolskie, Podkarpackie (Subcarpathia), Podlaskie, Pomorskie (Pomerania), Slaskie (Silesia), Swietokrzyskie, Warminsko-Mazurskie (Warmia-Masuria), Wielkopolskie (Greater Poland), Zachodniopomorskie (West Pomerania)" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "11 November 1918 (republic proclaimed); notable earlier dates: 966 (adoption of Christianity, traditional founding date), 1 July 1569 (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth created)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Constitution Day, 3 May (1791)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "adopted by the National Assembly 2 April 1997; passed by national referendum 25 May 1997; effective 17 October 1997" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system; changes gradually being introduced as part of broader democratization process; limited judicial review of legislative acts, but rulings of the Constitutional Tribunal are final" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (since 6 August 2010)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Donald TUSK (since 16 November 2007); Deputy Prime Ministers Janusz PIECHOCINSKI (since 6 December 2012) and Jan Vincent \"Jacek\" ROSTOWSKI (since 20 February 2013)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers responsible to the prime minister and the Sejm; the prime minister proposes, the president appoints, and the Sejm approves the Council of Ministers", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 20 June and 4 July 2010 (next to be held in 2015); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm", - "election_results": "Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI elected president; percent of popular vote - Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI 53%, Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI 47%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral legislature consists of an upper house, the Senate or Senat (100 seats; members elected by a majority vote on a provincial basis to serve four-year terms), and a lower house, the Sejm (460 seats; members elected under a complex system of proportional representation to serve four-year terms); the designation of National Assembly or Zgromadzenie Narodowe is only used on those rare occasions when the two houses meet jointly", - "elections": "Senate - last held on 9 October 2011 (next to be held by October 2015); Sejm - last held on 9 October 2011 (next to be held by October 2015)", - "election_results_and_current_seat_distribution": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PO 63, PiS 29, PSL 2, SP 2, independents 4; Sejm - percent of vote by party - PO 39.2%, PiS 29.9%, RP 10%, PSL 8.4%, SLD 8.2%, other 4.3%; seats by party - PO 206, PiS 137, RP 43, PSL 28, SLD 25, SP 19, independent 1, German minority 1", - "note": "the German minority is exempt from the 5% threshold requirement for seats to the Sejm" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Sad Najwyzszy (consists of the president of the Supreme Court and 116 judges organized in criminal, civil, labor and social insurance, and military chambers)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "president of the Supreme Court nominated by the General Assembly of the Supreme Court and selected by the president of Poland; other judges nominated by the 25-member National Judiciary Council, and appointed by the president of Poland; judges appointed until retirement, normally at age 65, but tenure can be extended", - "subordinate_courts": "Constitutional Tribunal; regional and appellate courts subdivided into military, civil, criminal, labor, and family courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Civic Platform or PO [Donald TUSK, chairman; Rafal GRUPINSKI, parliamentary caucus leader]; Democratic Left Alliance or SLD [Leszek MILLER, chairman, parliamentary caucus leader]; Democratic Party or PD [Andrzej CELINSKI, chairman]; Democratic Party or SD [Pawel PISKORSKI, chairman]; German Minority of Lower Silesia or MNSO [Ryszard GALLA, representative]; Law and Justice or PiS [Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI, chairman; Mariusz BLASZCZAK, parliamentary caucus leader]; League of Polish Families or LPR [Witold BALAZAK, chairman]; Palikot's Movement or RP [Janusz PALIKOT, chairman]; Poland Comes First or PJN [Pawel KOWAL, chairperson]; Polish People's Party or PSL [Janusz PIECHOCINSKI, chairman; Jan BURY, parliamentary caucus leader]; Social Democratic Party of Poland or SDPL [Wojciech FILEMONOWICZ, chairman]; Union of Labor or UP [Waldemar WITKOWSKI, chairman]; United Poland or SP (political grouping of former PiS members, not officially registered) [Arkadiusz MULARCZYK, chairperson; Patrick JAKI, parliamentary caucus leader]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "All Poland Trade Union Alliance or OPZZ (trade union) [Jan GUZ]; Roman Catholic Church [Cardinal Stanislaw DZIWISZ, Archbishop Jozef MICHALIK]; Solidarity Trade Union [Piotr DUDA]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Ryszard SCHNEPF", - "chancery": "2640 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 234-3800 through 3802", - "fax": "[1] (202) 328-6271", - "consulates_general": "Chicago, Los Angeles, New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Stephen MULL", - "embassy": "Aleje Ujazdowskie 29/31 00-540 Warsaw", - "mailing_address": "American Embassy Warsaw, US Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-5010 (pouch)", - "telephone": "[48] (22) 504-2000", - "fax": "[48] (22) 504-2688", - "consulates_general": "Krakow" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; colors derive from the Polish emblem - a white eagle on a red field", - "note": "similar to the flags of Indonesia and Monaco which are red (top) and white" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "white eagle" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Mazurek Dabrowskiego\" (Dabrowski's Mazurka)", - "lyrics_music": "Jozef WYBICKI/traditional", - "note": "adopted 1927; the anthem, commonly known as \"Jeszcze Polska nie zginela\" (Poland Has Not Yet Perished), was written in 1797; the lyrics resonate strongly with Poles because they reflect the numerous occasions in which the nation's lands have been occupied" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Poland has pursued a policy of economic liberalization since 1990 and Poland's economy was the only one in the European Union to avoid a recession through the 2008-09 economic downturn. Although EU membership and access to EU structural funds have provided a major boost to the economy since 2004, GDP per capita remains significantly below the EU average while unemployment continues to exceed the EU average. The government of Prime Minister Donald TUSK steered the Polish economy through the economic downturn by skillfully managing public finances without stifling economic growth and adopted controversial pension and tax reforms to further shore up public finances. While the Polish economy has performed well over the past five years, growth slowed in 2012, in part due to the ongoing economic difficulties in the euro zone. The key policy challenge is to provide support to the economy through monetary easing, while maintaining the pace of structural fiscal consolidation. Poland's economic performance could improve over the longer term if the country addresses some of the remaining deficiencies in its road and rail infrastructure and its business environment. An inefficient commercial court system, a rigid labor code, red tape, and a burdensome tax system keep the private sector from realizing its full potential." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$814.1 billion (2012 est.); $797.8 billion (2011 est.); $764.7 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$487.7 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "2% (2012 est.); 4.3% (2011 est.); 3.9% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$20,900 (2012 est.); $20,700 (2011 est.); $20,000 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "17.3% of GDP (2012 est.); 16.8% of GDP (2011 est.); 15.7% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "61.2%", - "government_consumption": "17.8%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "19.3%", - "investment_in_inventories": "1.1%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "46.2%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-45.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "4%", - "industry": "32.2%", - "services": "63.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "potatoes, fruits, vegetables, wheat; poultry, eggs, pork, dairy" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "machine building, iron and steel, coal mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing, glass, beverages, textiles" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "18.17 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "12.9%", - "industry": "30.2%", - "services": "57% (2010)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "12.8% (2012 est.); 12.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "10.6% (2008 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.3%", - "highest_10%": "27.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "34.1 (2009); 31.6 (1998)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$88.31 billion", - "expenditures": "$97.65 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "18.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-1.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "57.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 57.7% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, the data include subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "3.7% (2012 est.); 4.2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "4.25% (31 December 2012 est.); 4% (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "8.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 8.47% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$156.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $137 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$293.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $295.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$328.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $295.4 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$168.1 billion (31 December 2012); $138.2 billion (31 December 2011); $190.2 billion (31 December 2010)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$18.29 billion (2012 est.); -$22.25 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$188.5 billion (2012 est.); $195.2 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and transport equipment 37.8%, intermediate manufactured goods 23.7%, miscellaneous manufactured goods 17.1%, food and live animals 7.6%" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 26%, UK 7%, Czech Republic 6.5%, France 6%, Russia 5.2%, Italy 5%, Netherlands 4.6% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$195.4 billion (2012 est.); $209.3 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and transport equipment 38%, intermediate manufactured goods 21%, chemicals 15%, minerals, fuels, lubricants, and related materials 9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 27.3%, Russia 12.2%, Netherlands 5.9%, China 5.4%, Italy 5.2%, Czech Republic 4.3%, France 4.2% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$108.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $97.86 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$364.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $320.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$243.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $210.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$70.73 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $61.7 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "zlotych (PLN) per US dollar -; 3.2565 (2012 est.); 2.9629 (2011 est.); 3.0153 (2010 est.); 3.1214 (2009); 2.3 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "156.4 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "155 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "6.61 billion kWh (2010)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "5.52 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "35.76 million kW (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "91.2% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "6.1% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "2.7% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "12,090 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "3,615 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "547,900 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "155 million bbl (1 January 2010 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "636,000 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "576,600 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "45,860 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "129,800 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "6.247 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "14.38 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "29 million cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "10.91 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "95 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "309.9 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "6.853 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "50.16 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "modernization of the telecommunications network has accelerated with market-based competition; fixed-line service, dominated by the former state-owned company, is dwarfed by the growth in mobile-cellular services", - "domestic": "mobile-cellular service available since 1993 and provided by three nation-wide networks with a fourth provider beginning operations in late 2006; coverage is generally good with some gaps in the east; fixed-line service lags in rural areas", - "international": "country code - 48; international direct dialing with automated exchanges; satellite earth station - 1 with access to Intelsat, Eutelsat, Inmarsat, and Intersputnik (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-run public TV operates 2 national channels supplemented by 16 regional channels and several niche channels; privately owned entities operate several national TV networks and a number of special interest channels; many privately owned channels broadcasting locally; roughly half of all households are linked to either satellite or cable TV systems providing access to foreign television networks; state-run public radio operates 5 national networks and 17 regional radio stations; 2 privately owned national radio networks, several commercial stations broadcasting to multiple cities, and many privately owned local radio stations (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".pl" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "13.265 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "22.452 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "126 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "87", - "over_3_047_m": "5", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "30", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "36", - "914_to_1_523_m": "10", - "under_914_m": "6 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "39", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "17", - "under_914_m": "21 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "6 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 14,198 km; oil 1,374 km; refined products 777 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "19,428 km", - "broad_gauge": "399 km 1.524-m gauge", - "standard_gauge": "19,029 km 1.435-m gauge (11,805 km electrified) (2007)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "423,997 km", - "paved": "295,356 km (includes 765 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "128,641 km (2008)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "3,997 km (navigable rivers and canals) (2009)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "9", - "by_type": "cargo 7, chemical tanker 1, passenger/cargo 1", - "registered_in_other_countries": "106 (Antigua and Barbuda 2, Bahamas 34, Cyprus 24, Liberia 13, Malta 21, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 3, Vanuatu 9) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Gdansk, Gdynia, Swinoujscie, Szczecin" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Polish Armed Forces: Land Forces, Navy, Air and Air Defense Aviation Forces, Special Forces (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-28 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; conscription phased out in 2009-12; service obligation shortened from 12 to 9 months in 2005; women only allowed to serve as officers and noncommissioned officers (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "9,531,855", - "females_age_16_49": "9,298,593 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "7,817,556", - "females_age_16_49": "7,766,361 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "221,889", - "female": "211,172 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.9% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Poland has implemented the strict Schengen border rules to restrict illegal immigration and trade along its eastern borders with Belarus and Ukraine" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "14,938 (Russia) (2012)", - "stateless_persons": "10,825 (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "despite diligent counternarcotics measures and international information sharing on cross-border crimes, a major illicit producer of synthetic drugs for the international market; minor transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and Latin American cocaine to Western Europe" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/pt-portugal.json b/europe/pt-portugal.json deleted file mode 100644 index 3bab82ee..00000000 --- a/europe/pt-portugal.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,628 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Following its heyday as a global maritime power during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence of its wealthiest colony of Brazil in 1822. A 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy; for most of the next six decades, repressive governments ran the country. In 1974, a left-wing military coup installed broad democratic reforms. The following year, Portugal granted independence to all of its African colonies. Portugal is a founding member of NATO and entered the EC (now the EU) in 1986." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "39 30 N, 8 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "92,090 sq km", - "land": "91,470 sq km", - "water": "620 sq km", - "note": "includes Azores and Madeira Islands" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Indiana" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,214 km", - "border_countries": "Spain 1,214 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "1,793 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mountainous north of the Tagus River, rolling plains in south" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "fish, forests (cork), iron ore, copper, zinc, tin, tungsten, silver, gold, uranium, marble, clay, gypsum, salt, arable land, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "11.88%", - "permanent_crops": "7.71%", - "other": "80.41% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "5,837 sq km (2007)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "68.7 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "8.46 cu km/yr (12%/18%/69%)", - "per_capita": "812 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "Azores subject to severe earthquakes", - "volcanism": "limited volcanic activity in the Azores Islands; Fayal or Faial (elev. 1,043 m) last erupted in 1958; most volcanoes have not erupted in centuries; historically active volcanoes include Agua de Pau, Furnas, Pico, Picos Volcanic System, San Jorge, Sete Cidades, and Terceira" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in coastal areas" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Environmental Modification" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Portuguese (singular and plural)", - "adjective": "Portuguese" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "homogeneous Mediterranean stock; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000; since 1990 East Europeans have entered Portugal" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 84.5%, other Christian 2.2%, other 0.3%, unknown 9%, none 3.9% (2001 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "10,799,270 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "16% (male 900,758/female 827,219)", - "15_24_years": "11.4% (male 655,365/female 581,010)", - "25_54_years": "42.4% (male 2,303,445/female 2,270,380)", - "55_64_years": "11.8% (male 595,464/female 681,506)", - "65_years_and_over": "18.4% (male 811,005/female 1,173,118) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "50.5 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "22.2 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "28.2 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "3.5 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "40.7 years", - "male": "38.6 years", - "female": "42.9 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.15% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "9.59 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "10.91 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "2.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "61% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "LISBON (capital) 2.808 million; Porto 1.344 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.09 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.13 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.87 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.69 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.95 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "27.4 (2005 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "8 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "4.54 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "4.98 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "4.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "78.85 years", - "male": "75.61 years", - "female": "82.32 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.51 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "86.8% (2005/06)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "11% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "3.76 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "3.3 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 99% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 0% of population; total: 1% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.6% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "42,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 500 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "24% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.8% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "95.4%", - "male": "97%", - "female": "94% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "16 years", - "male": "16 years", - "female": "16 years (2010)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "36,569", - "percentage": "3 %", - "note": "data represents children ages 6-14 (2001 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "30.1%", - "male": "28.7%", - "female": "31.7% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Portuguese Republic", - "conventional_short_form": "Portugal", - "local_long_form": "Republica Portuguesa", - "local_short_form": "Portugal" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic; parliamentary democracy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Lisbon", - "geographic_coordinates": "38 43 N, 9 08 W", - "time_difference": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa (Lisbon), Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 5 October 1910 (republic proclaimed)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Portugal Day (Dia de Portugal), 10 June (1580); note - also called Camoes Day, the day that revered national poet Luis de Camoes (1524-80) died" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "adopted 2 April 1976; subsequently revised", - "note": "the revisions placed the military under strict civilian control, trimmed the powers of the president, and laid the groundwork for a stable, pluralistic liberal democracy; they allowed for the privatization of nationalized firms and government-owned communications media" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system; Constitutional Tribunal review of legislative acts" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Anibal CAVACO SILVA (since 9 March 2006)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Pedro Manuel Mamede PASSOS COELHO (since 21 June 2011)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister", - "note": "there is also a Council of State that acts as a consultative body to the president", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 23 January 2011 (next to be held in January 2016); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president", - "election_results": "Anibal CAVACO SILVA reelected president; percent of vote - Anibal CAVACO SILVA 53%, Manuel ALEGRE 19.8%, Fernando NOBRE 14.1%, Francisco LOPES 7.1%, Manuel COELHO 4.5%, Defensor MOURA 1.6%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 5 June 2011 (next to be held in 2015)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - PPD/PSD 38%, PS 28%, CDS/PP 11%, PCP/PEV (see CDU) 7%, BE 5%, other 11%; seats by party - PPD/PSD 108, PS 74, CDS/PP 24, PCP/PEV (see CDU) 16, BE 8" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (consists of 12 justices); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 13 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court justices nominated by the president and appointed by the Assembly of the Republic; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court judges - 10 elected by the Assembly and 3 elected by the other Constitutional Court judges; judges elected for 6-year non-renewable terms", - "subordinate_courts": "Supreme Administrative Court (Supremo Tribunal Administrativo); Audit Court (Auditoria do Tribunal); appellate, district, and municipal courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Democratic and Social Center/Popular Party or CDS/PP [Paulo PORTAS]; Social Democratic Party or PPD/PSD [Pedro PASSOS COELHO]; Socialist Party or PS [Maria de BELEM ROSEIRA]; The Left Bloc or BE [Pedro Filipe SOARES]; Unitarian Democratic Coalition or CDU [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] (includes Portuguese Communist Party or PCP and Ecologist Party (\"The Greens\") or PEV)" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Armed Forces Officers' Association (AOFA) [Colonel Pereira CRACEL]; the Desperate Generation (youth movement protesting against low wages, precarious labor conditions, and unemployment); the General Workers Union or General Confederation of Portuguese Workers (UGT) [Joao PROENCA]; Portuguese National Workers' Conference (CGTP) [Armenio CARLOS]; TugaLeaks (a website that has become a mouthpiece for publicizing diverse protest action); ", - "other": "the media; labor unions" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, CPLP, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club (associate), PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIT, UNSC (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Nuno Filipe Alves Salvador e BRITO", - "chancery": "2012 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 332-3007", - "fax": "[1] (202) 223-3926", - "consulates_general": "Boston, New York, Newark (NJ), San Francisco", - "consulates": "New Bedford (MA), Providence (RI)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Allan J. KATZ", - "embassy": "Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600-081 Lisbon", - "mailing_address": "Apartado 43033, 1601-301 Lisboa; PSC 83, APO AE 09726", - "telephone": "[351] (21) 727-3300", - "fax": "[351] (21) 726-9109", - "consulates": "Ponta Delgada (Azores)" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the national coat of arms (armillary sphere and Portuguese shield) centered on the dividing line; explanations for the color meanings are ambiguous, but a popular interpretation has green symbolizing hope and red the blood of those defending the nation" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "armillary sphere (a spherical astrolabe modeling objects in the sky)" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"A Portugesa\" (The Song of the Portuguese)", - "lyrics_music": "Henrique LOPES DE MENDOCA/Alfredo KEIL", - "note": "adopted 1910; \"A Portuguesa\" was originally written to protest the Portuguese monarchy's acquiescence to the 1890 British ultimatum forcing Portugal to give up areas of Africa; the lyrics refer to the \"insult\" that resulted from the event" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Portugal has become a diversified and increasingly service-based economy since joining the European Community - the EU's predecessor - in 1986. Over the following two decades, successive governments privatized many state-controlled firms and liberalized key areas of the economy, including the financial and telecommunications sectors. The country qualified for the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) in 1998 and began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002 along with 11 other EU members. The economy grew by more than the EU average for much of the 1990s, but the rate of growth slowed in 2001-08. The economy contracted 2.5% in 2009, before growing 1.4% in 2010, but GDP fell again in 2011 and 2012, as the government began implementing spending cuts and tax increases to comply with conditions of an EU-IMF financial rescue package, agreed to in May 2011. GDP per capita stands at roughly two-thirds of the EU-27 average. Portugal also has been increasingly overshadowed by lower-cost producers in Central Europe and Asia as a destination for foreign direct investment, in part because its rigid labor market hindered greater productivity and growth. However, the government of Pedro PASSOS COELHO has enacted several measures to introduce more flexibility into the labor market, and, this, along with steps to reduce high levels of public debt, could make Portugal more attractive to foreign investors. The government reduced the budget deficit from 10.1% of GDP in 2009 to 4.5% in 2011, an achievement made possible only by the extraordinary revenues obtained from the one-time transfer of bank pension funds to the social security system. The budget deficit worsened in 2012 as a sharp reduction in domestic consumption took a bigger bite out of value-added tax revenues while rising unemployment benefits increased expenditures more than anticipated. Poor growth prospects over the next year have reinforced investors' concerns about the government's ability to achieve its budget deficit targets and regain full access to bond market financing when the EU-IMF financing program expires in 2013." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$250.6 billion (2012 est.); $258.8 billion (2011 est.); $262.9 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$212.7 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "-3.2% (2012 est.); -1.6% (2011 est.); 1.9% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$23,800 (2012 est.); $24,500 (2011 est.); $24,700 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "14.3% of GDP (2012 est.); 10.7% of GDP (2011 est.); 9.6% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "66.3%", - "government_consumption": "18.3%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "15.8%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.1%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "38.7%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-39.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "2.4%", - "industry": "21.3%", - "services": "76.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "grain, potatoes, tomatoes, olives, grapes; sheep, cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, dairy products; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "textiles, clothing, footwear, wood and cork, paper, chemicals, auto-parts manufacturing, base metals, porcelain and ceramics, glassware, technology, telecommunications; dairy products, wine and other foods; ship construction and refurbishment; tourism" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-9% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "5.495 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "11.7%", - "industry": "28.5%", - "services": "59.8% (2009 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "15.7% (2012 est.); 12.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "18% (2006)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.1%", - "highest_10%": "28.4% (1995 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "38.5 (2007); 35.6 (1995)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$87.16 billion", - "expenditures": "$100.8 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "41% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-6.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "123.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 108.1% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.8% (2012 est.); 3.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "1.5% (31 December 2012); 1.75% (31 December 2010)", - "note": "this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "6.37% (31 December 2012 est.); 5.71% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$88.92 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $89.42 billion (31 December 2011 est.)", - "note": "see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$298.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $322.7 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$433.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $451.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$61.69 billion (31 December 2011); $82 billion (31 December 2010); $98.65 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$6 billion (2012 est.); -$15.44 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$58.24 billion (2012 est.); $60.01 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "agricultural products, food products, wine, oil products, chemical products, plastics and rubber, hides, leather, wood and cork, wood pulp and paper, textile materials, clothing, footwear, machinery and tools, base metals" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Spain 22.7%, Germany 12.4%, France 11.9%, Angola 6.5%, UK 5.3%, Netherlands 4.2% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$69.48 billion (2012 est.); $79.67 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "agricultural products, chemical products, vehicles and other transport material, optical and precision instruments, computer accessories and parts, semi-conductors and related devices, oil products, base metals, food products, textile materials" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Spain 32%, Germany 11.5%, France 6.6%, Italy 5.3%, Netherlands 4.9% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$22.66 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $21.34 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$508.3 billion (31 December 2012); $482.2 billion (31 December 2011)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$131 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $122.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$64.25 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $64.25 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -; 0.7778 (2012 est.); 0.7185 (2011 est.); 0.755 (2010 est.); 0.7198 (2009 est.); 0.6827 (2008 est.)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "50.3 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "47.81 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "3.191 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "5.814 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "17.39 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "48.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "23.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "22.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "1,926 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "205,400 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "NA bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "237,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "259,700 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "49,650 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "83,520 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "5.212 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "5.181 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "51.43 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "4.53 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "12.335 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "Portugal's telephone system has a state-of-the-art network with broadband, high-speed capabilities", - "domestic": "integrated network of coaxial cables, open-wire, microwave radio relay, and domestic satellite earth stations", - "international": "country code - 351; a combination of submarine cables provide connectivity to Europe, North and East Africa, South Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and the US; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to Azores (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "Radio e Televisao de Portugal (RTP),the publicly-owned TV broadcaster, operates 2 domestic channels and external service channels to Africa; overall, roughly 40 domestic TV stations; viewers have widespread access to international broadcasters with more than half of all households connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV systems; publicly owned radio operates 3 national networks and provides regional and external services; several privately owned national radio stations and some 300 regional and local commercial radio stations (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".pt" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "3.748 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "5.168 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "64 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "43", - "over_3_047_m": "5", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "7", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "8", - "914_to_1_523_m": "15", - "under_914_m": "8 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "21", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1", - "under_914_m": "20 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 1,344 km; oil 11 km; refined products 188 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "3,319 km", - "broad_gauge": "2,700 km 1.668-m gauge (1,436 km electrified)", - "narrow_gauge": "192 km 1.000-m gauge; 427 km 0.760-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "82,900 km", - "paved": "71,294 km (includes 2,613 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "11,606 km (2008)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "210 km (on Douro River from Porto) (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "109", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 8, cargo 35, carrier 1, chemical tanker 21, container 7, liquefied gas 6, passenger 13, passenger/cargo 5, petroleum tanker 3, roll on/roll off 1, vehicle carrier 9", - "foreign_owned": "81 (Belgium 8, Colombia 1, Denmark 4, Germany 14, Greece 2, Italy 12, Japan 9, Mexico 1, Norway 2, Spain 18, Sweden 3, Switzerland 3, US 4)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "15 (Cyprus 2, Malta 3, Panama 10) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Leixoes, Lisbon, Setubal, Sines" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Portuguese Army (Exercito Portuguesa), Portuguese Navy (Marinha Portuguesa; includes Marine Corps), Portuguese Air Force (Forca Aerea Portuguesa, FAP) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no compulsory military service, but conscription possible if insufficient volunteers available; women serve in the armed forces, on naval ships since 1993, but are prohibited from serving in some combatant specialties; reserve obligation to age 35 (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,566,264", - "females_age_16_49": "2,458,297 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,103,080", - "females_age_16_49": "2,018,004 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "62,208", - "female": "54,786 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "2.3% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "stateless_persons": "553 (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "seizing record amounts of Latin American cocaine destined for Europe; a European gateway for Southwest Asian heroin; transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe; consumer of Southwest Asian heroin" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/ro-romania.json b/europe/ro-romania.json deleted file mode 100644 index 3a47be0a..00000000 --- a/europe/ro-romania.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,627 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia - for centuries under the suzerainty of the Turkish Ottoman Empire - secured their autonomy in 1856; they were de facto linked in 1859 and formally united in 1862 under the new name of Romania. The country gained recognition of its independence in 1878. It joined the Allied Powers in World War I and acquired new territories - most notably Transylvania - following the conflict. In 1940, Romania allied with the Axis powers and participated in the 1941 German invasion of the USSR. Three years later, overrun by the Soviets, Romania signed an armistice. The post-war Soviet occupation led to the formation of a communist \"people's republic\" in 1947 and the abdication of the king. The decades-long rule of dictator Nicolae CEAUSESCU, who took power in 1965, and his Securitate police state became increasingly oppressive and draconian through the 1980s. CEAUSESCU was overthrown and executed in late 1989. Former communists dominated the government until 1996 when they were swept from power. Romania joined NATO in 2004 and the EU in 2007." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "46 00 N, 25 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "238,391 sq km", - "land": "229,891 sq km", - "water": "8,500 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Oregon" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "2,508 km", - "border_countries": "Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km, Serbia 476 km, Ukraine (north) 362 km, Ukraine (east) 169 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "225 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Moldavian Plateau on the east by the Eastern Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Black Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Moldoveanu 2,544 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "37.73%", - "permanent_crops": "1.86%", - "other": "60.41% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "6,153 sq km (2007)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "211.9 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "6.88 cu km/yr (22%/61%/17%)", - "per_capita": "320.8 cu m/yr (2009)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "earthquakes, most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote landslides" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "soil erosion and degradation; water pollution; air pollution in south from industrial effluents; contamination of Danube delta wetlands" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "controls most easily traversable land route between the Balkans, Moldova, and Ukraine" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Romanian(s)", - "adjective": "Romanian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Romanian 89.5%, Hungarian 6.6%, Roma 2.5%, Ukrainian 0.3%, German 0.3%, Russian 0.2%, Turkish 0.2%, other 0.4% (2002 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Romanian (official) 91%, Hungarian 6.7%, Romany (Gypsy) 1.1%, other 1.2%" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Eastern Orthodox (including all sub-denominations) 86.8%, Protestant (various denominations including Reformate and Pentecostal) 7.5%, Roman Catholic 4.7%, other (mostly Muslim) and unspecified 0.9%, none 0.1% (2002 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "21,790,479 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "14.7% (male 1,642,950/female 1,556,430)", - "15_24_years": "11.8% (male 1,317,820/female 1,255,982)", - "25_54_years": "45.5% (male 5,000,720/female 4,904,527)", - "55_64_years": "13% (male 1,319,066/female 1,508,158)", - "65_years_and_over": "15.1% (male 1,326,641/female 1,958,185) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "43.3 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "21.6 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "21.7 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "4.6 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "39.4 years", - "male": "38 years", - "female": "41 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.27% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "9.4 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "11.86 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.25 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "52.8% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "-0.18% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "BUCHAREST (capital) 1.933 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.88 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.68 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.95 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "26 (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "27 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "10.44 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "11.82 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "8.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "74.45 years", - "male": "70.99 years", - "female": "78.13 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.31 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "69.8%", - "note": "percent of women aged 15-49 (2005)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "5.6% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.92 physicians/1,000 population (2006)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "6.6 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 97% of population; rural: 70% of population; total: 84% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 3% of population; rural: 30% of population; total: 16% of population (2000 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 88% of population; rural: 54% of population; total: 72% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 12% of population; rural: 46% of population; total: 28% of population (2008 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "16,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "19.1% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "3.5% (2002)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "4.3% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "97.7%", - "male": "98.3%", - "female": "97.1% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "14 years", - "male": "14 years", - "female": "15 years (2010)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "26,658", - "percentage": "1 % (2000 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "23.7%", - "male": "23.7%", - "female": "23.8% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "none", - "conventional_short_form": "Romania", - "local_long_form": "none", - "local_short_form": "Romania" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Bucharest", - "geographic_coordinates": "44 26 N, 26 06 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "41 counties (judete, singular - judet) and 1 municipality* (municipiu); Alba, Arad, Arges, Bacau, Bihor, Bistrita-Nasaud, Botosani, Braila, Brasov, Bucuresti (Bucharest)*, Buzau, Calarasi, Caras-Severin, Cluj, Constanta, Covasna, Dambovita, Dolj, Galati, Gorj, Giurgiu, Harghita, Hunedoara, Ialomita, Iasi, Ilfov, Maramures, Mehedinti, Mures, Neamt, Olt, Prahova, Salaj, Satu Mare, Sibiu, Suceava, Teleorman, Timis, Tulcea, Vaslui, Valcea, Vrancea" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "9 May 1877 (independence proclaimed from the Ottoman Empire; independence recognized on 13 July 1878 by the Treaty of Berlin); 26 March 1881 (kingdom proclaimed); 30 December 1947 (republic proclaimed)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Unification Day (of Romania and Transylvania), 1 December (1918)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "8 December 1991; revised 29 October 2003" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Traian BASESCU (since 20 December 2004); note - President BASESCU has twice been temporarily suspended since assuming his post: first from 20 April-23 May 2007, second from 6 July-27 August 2012; he survived a national recall referendum on both occasions", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Victor-Viorel PONTA (since 7 May 2012)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 22 November 2009 with runoff on 6 December 2009 (next to be held in November-December 2014); prime minister appointed by the president with the consent of the Parliament", - "election_results": "Traian BASESCU reelected president; percent of vote - Traian BASESCU 50.3%, Mircea GEOANA 49.7%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Senate or Senat (176 seats; members elected by popular vote in a mixed electoral system to serve four-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camera Deputatilor (412 seats; members elected by popular vote in a mixed electoral system to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "Senate - last held on 9 December 2012 (next by December 2016); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 9 December 2012 (next by December 2016)", - "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by alliance/party - USL 60.1%, ARD 16.7%, PP-DD 14.6%, UDMR 5.3%, other 3.3%; seats by alliance/party - USL 122, ARD 24, PP-DD 21, UDMR 9; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by alliance/party - USL 58.6%, ARD 16.5%, PP-DD 14%, UDMR 5.2%, ethnic minorities 2.6%, other 3.1%; seats by alliance/party - USL 273, ARD 56, PP-DD 47, UDMR 18, ethnic minorities 18" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "High Court of Cassation and Justice (consists of 11 judges); Supreme Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "High Court of Cassation and Justice judges appointed by the president upon nomination by the Superior Council of Magistracy, an 11-member body mostly of judges, prosecutors, and law specialists; judges appointed for 3-year renewable terms; Supreme Constitutional Court members appointed - 6 by Parliament and 3 by the president; members serve 9-year, non-renewable terms", - "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal; regional tribunals; first instance courts; military and arbitration courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Christian-Democratic National Peasants' Party or PNT-CD [Aurelian PAVELESCU]; Civic Force or FC [Mihai-Razvan UNGUREANU]; Conservative Party or PC [Daniel CONSTANTIN] (formerly Humanist Party or PUR); Democratic Liberal Party or PDL [Vasile BLAGA] (formerly Democratic Party); Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania or UDMR [Hunor KELEMEN]; National Liberal Party or PNL [Crin ANTONESCU]; National Union for Romania's Progress or UNPR [Gabriel OPREA]; People's Party - Dan Diaconescu or PP-DD [Dan DIACONESCU]; Right Romania Alliance or ARD [Vasile BLAGA, Mihai-Razvan UNGUREANU, and Aurelian PAVELESCU] (a center-right electoral alliance that includes PDL, FC, PNT-CD); Social Democratic Party or PSD [Victor-Viorel PONTA] (formerly Party of Social Democracy in Romania or PDSR); Social Liberal Union or USL [Victor PONTA and Crin ANTONESCU] (an alliance of the PSD, PNL, UNPR, and PC)" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "other": "various human rights and professional associations" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Adrian Cosmin VIERITA", - "chancery": "1607 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 332-4846, 4848, 4851, 4852", - "fax": "[1] (202) 232-4748", - "consulates_general": "Chicago, Los Angeles, New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Duane BUTCHER", - "embassy": "Bulevardul Dr. Liviu Librescu 4-6, District 1, Bucharest, 015118", - "mailing_address": "American Embassy Bucharest, US Department of State, 5260 Bucharest Place, Washington, DC 20521-5260 (pouch)", - "telephone": "[40] (21) 200-3300", - "fax": "[40] (21) 200-3442" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; modeled after the flag of France, the colors are those of the principalities of Walachia (red and yellow) and Moldavia (red and blue), which united in 1862 to form Romania; the national coat of arms that used to be centered in the yellow band has been removed", - "note": "now similar to the flag of Chad, whose blue band is darker; also resembles the flags of Andorra and Moldova" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "golden eagle" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Desteapta-te romane!\" (Wake up, Romanian!)", - "lyrics_music": "Andrei MURESIANU/Anton PANN", - "note": "adopted 1990; the anthem was written during the 1848 Revolution" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Romania, which joined the European Union on 1 January 2007, began the transition from Communism in 1989 with a largely obsolete industrial base and a pattern of output unsuited to the country's needs. The country emerged in 2000 from a punishing three-year recession thanks to strong demand in EU export markets. Domestic consumption and investment fueled strong GDP growth, but led to large current account imbalances. Romania's macroeconomic gains have only recently started to spur creation of a middle class and to address Romania''s widespread poverty. Corruption and red tape continue to permeate the business environment. Inflation rose in 2007-08, driven by strong consumer demand, high wage growth, rising energy costs, a nation-wide drought, and a relaxation of fiscal discipline. As a result of the increase in fiscal and current account deficits and the global financial crisis, Romania signed on to a $26 billion emergency assistance package from the IMF, the EU, and other international lenders. Worsening international financial markets, as well as a series of drastic austerity measures implemented to meet Romania''s obligations under the IMF-led bail-out agreement contributed to a GDP contraction of 6.6% in 2009, followed by a 1.1% GDP contraction in 2010. The economy returned to positive growth in 2011 due to strong exports, a better than expected harvest, and weak domestic demand. In 2012, however, growth slowed to less than 1%, partially due to slackening export demand and an extended drought that resulted in an exceptionally poor harvest. In March 2011, Romania and the IMF/EU/World Bank signed a 24-month precautionary stand-by agreement, worth $6.6 billion, to promote fiscal discipline, encourage progress on structural reforms, and strengthen financial sector stability. The Romanian authorities announced that they do not intend to draw funds under the agreement." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$277.9 billion (2012 est.); $277 billion (2011 est.); $271.1 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$169.4 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.3% (2012 est.); 2.2% (2011 est.); -1.1% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$13,000 (2012 est.); $13,000 (2011 est.); $12,600 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "23.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 22.5% of GDP (2011 est.); 21.1% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "71.5%", - "government_consumption": "6.6%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "26.7%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.3%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "40%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-45.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "7.5%", - "industry": "33%", - "services": "59.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "wheat, corn, barley, sugar beets, sunflower seed, potatoes, grapes; eggs, sheep" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "electric machinery and equipment, textiles and footwear, light machinery and auto assembly, mining, timber, construction materials, metallurgy, chemicals, food processing, petroleum refining" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "9.252 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "31.6%", - "industry": "21.1%", - "services": "47.3% (2010)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "5.6% (2012 est.); 7.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "22.2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1.7%", - "highest_10%": "19.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "33.2 (2011); 30 (2003)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$55.69 billion", - "expenditures": "$59.95 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "32.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-2.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "37.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 32.4% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the subsectors: central government, state government, local government, and social security funds" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "3.3% (2012 est.); 5.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "5.25% (31 December 2012); 5.75% (31 December 2011)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "11.33% (31 December 2012 est.); 12.12% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$26.51 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $25.7 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$63.44 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $63.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$82.69 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $82.73 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$29.56 billion (31 December 2012); $21.2 billion (31 December 2011); $32.38 billion (31 December 2010)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$7.488 billion (2012 est.); -$7.747 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$58.11 billion (2012 est.); $62.68 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, metals and metal products, textiles and footwear, chemicals, agricultural products, minerals and fuels" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 18.9%, Italy 12.3%, France 7.1%, Turkey 5.5%, Hungary 5.5% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$67.54 billion (2012 est.); $73.12 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels and minerals, metals, textile and products, agricultural products" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 17.5%, Italy 11%, Hungary 9.1%, France 5.7%, Russia 4.4%, Poland 4.3%, Austria 4.2%, Kazakhstan 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$46.67 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $48.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$132.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $129.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$75.46 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $73.97 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$2.727 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.61 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "lei (RON) per US dollar -; 3.4682 (2012 est.); 3.0486 (2011 est.); 3.1779 (2010 est.); 3.0493 (2009); 2.5 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "60.39 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "53.74 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "2.94 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "1.04 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "24.98 million kW (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "61.7% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "9.4% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "27% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "1.9% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "92,140 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "169,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "600 million bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "298,200 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "218,200 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "107,300 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "34,250 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "11.08 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "14.2 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "3.12 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "63 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "78.43 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "4.68 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "23.4 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "the telecommunications sector is being expanded and modernized; domestic and international service improving rapidly, especially mobile-cellular services", - "domestic": "more than 90 percent of telephone network is automatic; fixed-line teledensity exceeds 20 telephones per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 110 telephones per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 40; the Black Sea Fiber Optic System provides connectivity to Bulgaria and Turkey; satellite earth stations - 10; digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "a mixture of public and private TV stations; the public broadcaster operates multiple stations; roughly 100 private national, regional, and local stations; more than 75% of households are connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV systems that provide access to Romanian, European, and international stations; state-owned public radio broadcaster operates 4 national networks and regional and local stations; more than 100 private radio stations (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ro" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "2.667 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "7.787 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "45 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "26", - "over_3_047_m": "4", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "10", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "11", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "19", - "914_to_1_523_m": "5", - "under_914_m": "14 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "2 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 3,726 km; oil 2,451 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "10,785 km", - "broad_gauge": "135 km 1.524-m gauge", - "standard_gauge": "10,645 km 1.435-m gauge (4,002 km electrified)", - "narrow_gauge": "5 km 1.000-m gauge (2010)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "82,386 km (does not include urban roads)", - "paved": "71,154 km (includes 371 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "11,232 km (2009)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "1,731 km (includes 1,075 km on the Danube River, 524 km on secondary branches, and 132 km on canals) (2010)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "5", - "by_type": "cargo 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1", - "foreign_owned": "1 (Russia 1)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "31 (Georgia 7, Liberia 3, Malta 7, Marshall Islands 2, Moldova 2, Panama 3, Russia 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Sierra Leone 2, Tanzania 1, Togo 1, unknown 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Braila, Constanta, Galati (Galatz), Mancanului (Giurgiu), Midia, Tulcea" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Land Forces, Naval Forces (Fortele Naval, FN), Romanian Air Force (Fortele Aeriene Romane, FAR) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "20-35 years of age for compulsory male military service; conscription ended 2006, but military service remains mandatory; 18 years of age for male and female voluntary service; all military inductees (including women) contract for an initial 5-year term of service, with subsequent successive 3-year terms until age 36 (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "5,601,234", - "females_age_16_49": "5,428,939 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "4,550,409", - "females_age_16_49": "4,507,880 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "117,798", - "female": "111,607 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.9% of GDP (2007 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "the ICJ ruled largely in favor of Romania in its dispute submitted in 2004 over Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy/Serpilor (Snake) Island and Black Sea maritime boundary delimitation; Romania opposes Ukraine's reopening of a navigation canal from the Danube border through Ukraine to the Black Sea" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "stateless_persons": "248 (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin transiting the Balkan route and small amounts of Latin American cocaine bound for Western Europe; although not a significant financial center, role as a narcotics conduit leaves it vulnerable to laundering, which occurs via the banking system, currency exchange houses, and casinos" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/rs-serbia.json b/europe/rs-serbia.json deleted file mode 100644 index 6da7399f..00000000 --- a/europe/rs-serbia.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,589 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes was formed in 1918; its name was changed to Yugoslavia in 1929. Various paramilitary bands resisted Nazi Germany's occupation and division of Yugoslavia from 1941 to 1945, but fought each other and ethnic opponents as much as the invaders. The military and political movement headed by Josip \"TITO\" Broz (Partisans) took full control of Yugoslavia when German and Croatian separatist forces were defeated in 1945. Although communist, TITO's new government and his successors (he died in 1980) managed to steer their own path between the Warsaw Pact nations and the West for the next four and a half decades. In 1989, Slobodan MILOSEVIC became president of the Republic of Serbia and his ultranationalist calls for Serbian domination led to the violent breakup of Yugoslavia along ethnic lines. In 1991, Croatia, Slovenia, and Macedonia declared independence, followed by Bosnia in 1992. The remaining republics of Serbia and Montenegro declared a new Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) in April 1992 and under MILOSEVIC's leadership, Serbia led various military campaigns to unite ethnic Serbs in neighboring republics into a \"Greater Serbia.\" These actions were ultimately unsuccessful and led to the signing of the Dayton Peace Accords in 1995. MILOSEVIC retained control over Serbia and eventually became president of the FRY in 1997. In 1998, an ethnic Albanian insurgency in the formerly autonomous Serbian province of Kosovo provoked a Serbian counterinsurgency campaign that resulted in massacres and massive expulsions of ethnic Albanians living in Kosovo. The MILOSEVIC government's rejection of a proposed international settlement led to NATO's bombing of Serbia in the spring of 1999, to the withdrawal of Serbian military and police forces from Kosovo in June 1999, and to the stationing of a NATO-led force in Kosovo to provide a safe and secure environment for the region's ethnic communities. FRY elections in late 2000 led to the ouster of MILOSEVIC and the installation of democratic government. In 2003, the FRY became Serbia and Montenegro, a loose federation of the two republics. Widespread violence predominantly targeting ethnic Serbs in Kosovo in March 2004 caused the international community to open negotiations on the future status of Kosovo in January 2006. In June 2006, Montenegro seceded from the federation and declared itself an independent nation. Serbia subsequently gave notice that it was the successor state to the union of Serbia and Montenegro. In February 2008, after nearly two years of inconclusive negotiations, the UN-administered province of Kosovo declared itself independent of Serbia - an action Serbia refuses to recognize. At Serbia's request, the UN General Assembly (UNGA) in October 2008 sought an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on whether Kosovo's unilateral declaration of independence was in accordance with international law. In a ruling considered unfavorable to Serbia, the ICJ issued an advisory opinion in July 2010 stating that international law did not prohibit declarations of independence. In late 2010, Serbia agreed to an EU-drafted UNGA Resolution acknowledging the ICJ's decision and calling for a new round of talks between Serbia and Kosovo, this time on practical issues rather than Kosovo's status. The EU-moderated Belgrade-Pristina dialogue began in March 2011 and was raised to the level of prime ministers in October 2012." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southeastern Europe, between Macedonia and Hungary" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "44 00 N, 21 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "77,474 sq km", - "land": "77,474 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than South Carolina" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "2,026 km", - "border_countries": "Bosnia and Herzegovina 302 km, Bulgaria 318 km, Croatia 241 km, Hungary 151 km, Kosovo 352 km, Macedonia 62 km, Montenegro 124 km, Romania 476 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "in the north, continental climate (cold winters and hot, humid summers with well-distributed rainfall); in other parts, continental and Mediterranean climate (relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall and hot, dry summers and autumns)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountains and hills" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Danube and Timok Rivers 35 m", - "highest_point": "Midzor 2,169 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "oil, gas, coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, antimony, chromite, gold, silver, magnesium, pyrite, limestone, marble, salt, arable land" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "37.28%", - "permanent_crops": "3.41%", - "other": "59.31% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "919.6 sq km (2011)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "162.2 cu km (note - includes Kosovo) (2011)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "destructive earthquakes" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "air pollution around Belgrade and other industrial cities; water pollution from industrial wastes dumped into the Sava which flows into the Danube" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "controls one of the major land routes from Western Europe to Turkey and the Near East" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Serb(s)", - "adjective": "Serbian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Serb 82.9%, Hungarian 3.9%, Romany (Gypsy) 1.4%, Yugoslavs 1.1%, Bosniaks 1.8%, Montenegrin 0.9%, other 8% (2002 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Serbian (official) 88.3%, Hungarian 3.8%, Bosniak 1.8%, Romany (Gypsy) 1.1%, other 4.1%, unknown 0.9% (2002 census)", - "note": "Romanian, Hungarian, Slovak, Ukrainian, and Croatian all official in Vojvodina" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Serbian Orthodox 85%, Catholic 5.5%, Protestant 1.1%, Muslim 3.2%, unspecified 2.6%, other, unknown, or atheist 2.6% (2002 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "7,243,007 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "does not include the population of Kosovo" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "14.8% (male 553,644/female 519,887)", - "15_24_years": "11.9% (male 442,442/female 416,698)", - "25_54_years": "41.7% (male 1,521,214/female 1,497,906)", - "55_64_years": "14.7% (male 513,282/female 554,787)", - "65_years_and_over": "16.9% (male 500,864/female 722,283) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "44 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "23.4 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "20.7 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "4.8 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "41.7 years", - "male": "40 years", - "female": "43.4 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.46% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "9.15 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "13.77 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "56% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "BELGRADE (capital) 1.115 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.92 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.69 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.95 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "27.2 (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "12 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "6.28 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "7.24 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "5.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "74.79 years", - "male": "71.94 years", - "female": "77.82 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.41 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "60.8% (2010)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "10.4% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "2.04 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "5.4 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 98% of population; total: 99% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 2% of population; total: 1% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 96% of population; rural: 88% of population; total: 92% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 4% of population; rural: 12% of population; total: 8% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "6,400 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "intermediate", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea", - "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "24.8% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "1.8% (2006)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "4.7% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "98%", - "male": "99.2%", - "female": "96.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "14 years", - "male": "13 years", - "female": "14 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "36,141", - "percentage": "4 % (2005 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "46.1% (2010)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Serbia", - "conventional_short_form": "Serbia", - "local_long_form": "Republika Srbija", - "local_short_form": "Srbija", - "former": "People's Republic of Serbia, Socialist Republic of Serbia" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Belgrade (Beograd)", - "geographic_coordinates": "44 50 N, 20 30 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "122 municipalities (opstine, singular - opstina) and 23 cities (gradovi, singular - grad)", - "municipalities": "Ada, Aleksandrovac, Aleksinac, Alibunar, Apatin, Arandelovac, Arilje, Babusnica, Bac, Backa Palanka, Backa Topola, Backi Petrovac, Bajina Basta, Batocina, Becej, Bela Crkva, Bela Palanka, Beocin, Blace, Bogatic, Bojnik, Boljevac, Bor, Bosilegrad, Brus, Bujanovac, Cajetina, Cicevac, Coka, Crna Trava, Cuprija, Despotovac, Dimitrov, Doljevac, Gadzin Han, Golubac, Gornji Milanovac, Indija, Irig, Ivanjica, Kanjiza, Kikinda, Kladovo, Knic, Knjazevac, Koceljeva, Kosjeric, Kovacica, Kovin, Krupanj, Kucevo, Kula, Kursumlija, Lajkovac, Lapovo, Lebane, Ljig, Ljubovija, Lucani, Majdanpek, Mali Idos, Mali Zvornik, Malo Crnice, Medveda, Merosina, Mionica, Negotin, Nova Crnja, Nova Varos, Novi Becej, Novi Knezevac, Odzaci, Opovo, Osecina, Paracin, Pecinci, Petrovac na Mlavi, Pirot, Plandiste, Pozega, Presevo, Priboj, Prijepolje, Prokuplje, Raca, Raska, Razanj, Rekovac, Ruma, Secanj, Senta, Sid, Sjenica, Smederevska Palanka, Sokobanja, Srbobran, Sremski Karlovci, Stara Pazova, Surdulica, Svilajnac, Svrljig, Temerin, Titel, Topola, Trgoviste, Trstenik, Tutin, Ub, Varvarin, Velika Plana, Veliko Gradiste, Vladicin Han, Vladimirci, Vlasotince, Vrbas, Vrnjacka Banja, Vrsac, Zabalj, Zabari, Zagubica, Zitiste, Zitorada", - "cities": "Beograd, Cacak, Jagodina, Kragujevac, Kraljevo, Krusevac, Leskovac, Loznica, Nis, Novi Pazar, Novi Sad, Pancevo, Pozarevac, Sabac, Smederevo, Sombor, Sremska Mitrovica, Subotica, Uzice, Vajevo, Vranje, Zajecar, Zrenjanin" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "5 June 2006 (from Serbia and Montenegro)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "National Day, 15 February" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "adopted 8 November 2006; effective 10 November 2006" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age, 16 if employed; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Tomislav NIKOLIC (since 31 May 2012)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Ivica DACIC (since 23 July 2012)", - "cabinet": "Republican Ministries act as cabinet", - "elections": "president elected by direct vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 20 May 2012 (next to be held in 2017); prime minister elected by the National Assembly", - "election_results": "Tomislav NIKOLIC elected president in runoff election; NIKOLIC 51.2% of the vote, Boris TADIC 48.8% of the vote" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly (250 seats; deputies elected according to party lists to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 6 May 2012 (next to be held by May 2016)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - Let's Get Serbia Moving 24.04%, Choice for a Better Life 22.11%, SPS/PUPS/JS 14.53%, DSS 7.00%, Turnover 6.52%, United Regions of Serbia 5.49%, Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians 1.77%, other 18.54%; seats by party - Let's Get Serbia Moving 73, Choice for a Better Life 67, SPS/PUPS/JS 44, DSS 21, Turnover 19, United Regions of Serbia 16, Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians 5, other 5", - "note": "May 2013 composition by parliamentary groups - SNS 65, DS 45, SPS 25, DSS 21, United Regions of Serbia 16, LDP 13, PUPS 12, SDPS 9, Independent MPs 8, NS 8, JS 7, Together for Serbia Parliamentary Group 6, SVM 5, LSV 5, SPO 5" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Cassation (consists of more than 60 judges organized into 3- and 5-member panels for criminal, civil, and administrative cases); Constitutional Court (consists of 15 judges) note - in 2003, specialized panels on war crimes were established within the Serbian court system; the panels have jurisdiction over alleged violations of the Basic Criminal Code and crimes against humanity, international law, and criminal acts as defined by the Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court justices proposed by the High Judicial Council (HJC), an 11-member body of which 7 are judges, and elected by the National Assembly; Constitutional Court judges appointed - 5 each by the National Assembly, the president, and the Supreme Court of Cassation; judges of both courts appointed to permanent tenure by the HJC", - "subordinate_courts": "appellate courts, higher courts, and municipal and district courts; courts of special jurisdiction include the Administrative Court, Appellate Commercial Court, and two levels of misdemeanor courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Albanian Coalition of Presevo Valley [Riza HALIMI]; Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians or SVM [Istvan PASZTOR]; Bosniak Democratic Union or BDZ [Elmir ELFIC]; Choice for a Better Life [Boris TADIC] (includes Democratic Party of DS [Dragan DJILAS], Social Democratic Party of Serbia or SDPS [Rasim LJAJIC], League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina or LSV [Nenad CANAK], Greens of Serbia or ZS [Ivan KARIC], Democratic Alliance of Croats in Vojvodina or DSHV [Petar KUNTIC], and Christian Democratic Party of Serbia or DHSS [Olgica BATIC]); Democratic Party of Serbia or DSS [Vojislav KOSTUNICA]; Let's Get Serbia Moving [Tomislav NIKOLIC] (includes Serbian Progressive Party or SNS [Aleksandar VUCIC], New Serbia or NS [Velimir ILIC], Movement of Socialists [Aleksandar VULIN], Strength of Serbia Movement or PSS [Bogoljub KARIC], Association of Small and Medium Businesses and Entrepreneurs of Serbia, Coalition of Refugee Associations in Serbia, Bosniak People's Party [Mujo MUKOVIC], Democratic Party of Macedonians [Mile SPIROVSKI], Roma Party [Srdan SAJN], Movement of Vlach Unity, and Economic Renewal of Serbia); None of the Offered Options or NOPO [Nikola TULIMIROVIC]; Party of Democratic Action of the Sandzak or SDA [Sulejman UGLJANIN]; Party of United Pensioners of Serbia or PUPS [Jovan KRKOBABIC]; Socialist Party of Serbia or SPS [Ivica DACIC]; Together for Serbia Parliamentary Group; Turnover [Cedomir JOVANOVIC] (includes Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Cedomir JOVANOVIC], Serbian Renewal Movement or SPO [Vuk DRASKOVIC], Social Democratic Union or SDU [Zarko KORAC], Rich Serbia [Zaharije TRNAVCEVIC], Vojvodina's Party [Igor KURJACKI], Democratic Party of Sandzak, Green Ecological Party [Mithat NOKIC], and Party of Bulgarians of Serbia); United Regions of Serbia [Mladan DINKIC]; United Serbia or JS [Dragan \"Palma\" MARKOVIC]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "1389 (Serbian nationalist movement); Dveri - Movement for the Life of Serbia; Obraz (Orthodox clero-fascist organization); SNP NASI (Serbian National Movement NASI)" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "BIS, BSEC, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, EU (candidate country), FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Vladimir PETROVIC", - "chancery": "2134 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 332-0333", - "fax": "[1] (202) 332-3933", - "consulates_general": "Chicago, New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Michael KIRBY", - "embassy": "Kneza Milosa 50, 11000 Belgrade, PAK 112807", - "mailing_address": "5070 Belgrade Place, Washington, DC 20521-5070", - "telephone": "[381] (11) 361-9344", - "fax": "[381] (11) 361-8230" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal stripes of red (top), blue, and white - the Pan-Slav colors representing freedom and revolutionary ideals; charged with the coat of arms of Serbia shifted slightly to the hoist side; the principal field of the coat of arms represents the Serbian state and displays a white two-headed eagle on a red shield; a smaller red shield on the eagle represents the Serbian nation, and is divided into four quarters by a white cross; interpretations vary as to the meaning and origin of the white, curved symbols resembling firesteels or Cyrillic \"C's\" in each quarter; a royal crown surmounts the coat of arms", - "note": "the Pan-Slav colors were inspired by the 19th-century flag of Russia" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "double-headed eagle" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Boze pravde\" (God of Justice)", - "lyrics_music": "Jovan DORDEVIC/Davorin JENKO", - "note": "adopted 1904; the song was originally written as part of a play in 1872 and has been used as an anthem by the Serbian people throughout the 20th and 21st centuries" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Serbia has a transitional economy mostly dominated by market forces, but the state sector remains large and many institutional reforms are needed. The economy relies on manufacturing and exports, driven largely by foreign investment. MILOSEVIC-era mismanagement of the economy, an extended period of international economic sanctions, civil war, and the damage to Yugoslavia's infrastructure and industry during the NATO airstrikes in 1999 left the economy only half the size it was in 1990. After the ousting of former Federal Yugoslav President MILOSEVIC in September 2000, the Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS) coalition government implemented stabilization measures and embarked on a market reform program. After renewing its membership in the IMF in December 2000, Serbia continued to reintegrate into the international community by rejoining the World Bank (IBRD) and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). Serbia has made progress in trade liberalization and enterprise restructuring and privatization, but many large enterprises - including the power utilities, telecommunications company, natural gas company, national air carrier, and others - remain in state hands. Serbia has made some progress towards EU membership, signing a Stabilization and Association Agreement with Brussels in May 2008, and with full implementation of the Interim Trade Agreement with the EU in February 2010, gained candidate status in March 2012. Serbia's negotiations with the World Trade Organization are advanced, with the country's complete ban on the trade and cultivation of agricultural biotechnology products representing the primary remaining obstacle to accession. Serbia's program with the IMF was frozen in early 2012 because the 2012 budget approved by parliament deviated from the program parameters; the arrangement is now void. High unemployment and stagnant household incomes are ongoing political and economic problems. Structural economic reforms needed to ensure the country's long-term prosperity have largely stalled since the onset of the global financial crisis. The economy slipped by an estimated 2.0% in 2012, following growth of 1.6% in 2011, 1.0% in 2010, and a 3.5% contraction in 2009. Growing deficits constrain the use of stimulus efforts to revive the economy and contribute to growing concern of a public debt crisis, given that Serbia's total public debt as a share of GDP doubled between 2008 and 2012, reaching 61.5% of GDP at the end of 2012. Further, Serbia's concerns about inflation and exchange rate stability preclude the use of expansionary monetary policy. Serbia adopted a new long-term economic growth plan in 2010 that calls for a quadrupling of exports over ten years and heavy investments in basic infrastructure. In 2012, however, exports fell by 3.6% compared to 2011, largely as a result of the halt in production at the former US Steel plant and a summer drought that slashed agricultural production. Major challenges ahead include: high unemployment rates and the need for job creation; high government expenditures for salaries, pensions, and unemployment benefits; a growing need for new government borrowing; rising public and private foreign debt; attracting new foreign direct investment; and getting the IMF program back on track. Other serious challenges include an inefficient judicial system, high levels of corruption, and an aging population. Factors favorable to Serbia's economic growth include a strategic location, a relatively inexpensive and skilled labor force, and free trade agreements with the EU, Russia, Turkey, and countries that are members of the Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA)." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$80.02 billion (2012 est.); $81.45 billion (2011 est.); $80.16 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$37.4 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "-1.8% (2012 est.); 1.6% (2011 est.); 1% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$10,600 (2012 est.); $10,800 (2011 est.); $10,700 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "79.3%", - "government_consumption": "20.2%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "17.3%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.7%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "43.2%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-60.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "7.6%", - "industry": "31.7%", - "services": "60.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "wheat, maize, sugar beets, sunflower, raspberries; beef, pork, milk" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "base metals, furniture, food processing, machinery, chemicals, sugar, tires, clothes, pharmaceuticals" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-2.9% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "3.17 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "21.9%", - "industry": "19.5%", - "services": "58.6% (2010)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "25.9% (2012 est.); 23.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "9.2% (2010 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "28.2 (2008); 30 (2003)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$15.54 billion", - "expenditures": "$18.41 billion", - "note": "this is the consolidated budget, including both central government and local goverment budgets (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "41.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-7.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "59.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 48.7% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued or owned by government entities other than the treasury (for which the GOS issued guarantees); the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities (for which the GOS issued guarantees), as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "7.3% (2012 est.); 11.2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "11.75% (6 February 2013); 9.5% (January 2012)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "17.4% (31 December 2012 est.); 17.2% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$5.79 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.783 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$19.78 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $18.55 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$21.55 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $21.43 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$9.54 billion (13 February 2013); $8.365 billion (31 December 2011); $9.69 billion (31 December 2010)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$3.895 billion (2012 est.); -$4.122 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$11.33 billion (2012 est.); $11.78 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "iron and steel, rubber, clothes, wheat, fruit and vegetables, nonferrous metals, electric appliances, metal products, weapons and ammunition, automobiles" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$18.35 billion (2012 est.); $19.18 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$14.13 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $15.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$33.69 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $31.57 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$24.67 billion (31 December 2009 est.); $11.95 billion (2006 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Serbian dinars (RSD) per US dollar -; 87.992 (2012 est.); 73.104 (2011 est.); 77.729 (2010 est.); 67.634 (2009); 62.9 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "37.86 billion kWh (2012)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "37.37 billion kWh (2012)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "1.24 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "1.5 billion kWh (2012)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "8.359 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "66.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "26.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "13,160 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "45,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "77.5 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "55,960 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "81,440 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "3,981 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "27,330 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "557 million cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "2.84 billion cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "2.61 billion cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "48.14 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "49.92 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "3.03 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "10.182 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "replacements of, and upgrades to, telecommunications equipment damaged during the 1999 war has resulted in a modern digitalized telecommunications system", - "domestic": "wireless service, available through multiple providers with national coverage, is growing very rapidly; best telecommunications services are centered in urban centers; 3G mobile network launched in 2007", - "international": "country code - 381 (2011)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".rs" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "1.102 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "4.107 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "26 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "10", - "over_3_047_m": "2", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "3", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "16", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "10", - "under_914_m": "5 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "2 (2012)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "3,379 km", - "standard_gauge": "3,379 km 1.435-m gauge (1,196 km electrified) (2006)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "41,913 km", - "paved": "26,007 km", - "unpaved": "15,906 km (2007)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "587 km (primarily on the Danube and Sava rivers) (2009)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Serbian Armed Forces (Vojska Srbije, VS): Land Forces Command (includes Riverine Component, consisting of a river flotilla on the Danube), Air and Air Defense Forces Command (2012)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished December 2010; reserve obligation to age 60 for men and age 50 for women (2013)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,395,426", - "females_age_16_49": "1,356,415 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "43,945", - "female": "41,080 (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Serbia with several other states protest the US and other states' recognition of Kosovo's declaration of its status as a sovereign and independent state in February 2008; ethnic Serbian municipalities along Kosovo's northern border challenge final status of Kosovo-Serbia boundary; several thousand NATO-led Kosovo Force peacekeepers under United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo authority continue to keep the peace within Kosovo between the ethnic Albanian majority and the Serb minority in Kosovo; Serbia delimited about half of the boundary with Bosnia and Herzegovina, but sections along the Drina River remain in dispute" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "49,931 (Croatia); 16,418 (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (2012)", - "idps": "228,215 (most are Kosovar Serbs some are Roma, Ashkalis, and Egyptian (RAE); some RAE IDPs are unregistered) (2011)", - "stateless_persons": "8,500 (includes stateless persons in Kosovo) (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin moving to Western Europe on the Balkan route; economy vulnerable to money laundering" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/ru-russia.json b/europe/ru-russia.json deleted file mode 100644 index d0029362..00000000 --- a/europe/ru-russia.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,649 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy, was able to emerge from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. In the early 17th century, a new Romanov Dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under PETER I (ruled 1682-1725), hegemony was extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in Europe and Asia. Defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 contributed to the Revolution of 1905, which resulted in the formation of a parliament and other reforms. Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in World War I led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire and to the overthrow in 1917 of the imperial household. The communists under Vladimir LENIN seized power soon after and formed the USSR. The brutal rule of Iosif STALIN (1928-53) strengthened communist rule and Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the following decades until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into Russia and 14 other independent republics. Since then, Russia has shifted its post-Soviet democratic ambitions in favor of a centralized semi-authoritarian state in which the leadership seeks to legitimize its rule through managed national elections, populist appeals by President PUTIN, and continued economic growth. Russia has severely disabled a Chechen rebel movement, although violence still occurs throughout the North Caucasus." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "North Asia bordering the Arctic Ocean, extending from Europe (the portion west of the Urals) to the North Pacific Ocean" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "60 00 N, 100 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Asia" - }, - "area": { - "total": "17,098,242 sq km", - "land": "16,377,742 sq km", - "water": "720,500 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "approximately 1.8 times the size of the US" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "20,241.5 km", - "border_countries": "Azerbaijan 284 km, Belarus 959 km, China (southeast) 3,605 km, China (south) 40 km, Estonia 290 km, Finland 1,313 km, Georgia 723 km, Kazakhstan 6,846 km, North Korea 17.5 km, Latvia 292 km, Lithuania (Kaliningrad Oblast) 227 km, Mongolia 3,441 km, Norway 196 km, Poland (Kaliningrad Oblast) 432 km, Ukraine 1,576 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "37,653 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "ranges from steppes in the south through humid continental in much of European Russia; subarctic in Siberia to tundra climate in the polar north; winters vary from cool along Black Sea coast to frigid in Siberia; summers vary from warm in the steppes to cool along Arctic coast" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "broad plain with low hills west of Urals; vast coniferous forest and tundra in Siberia; uplands and mountains along southern border regions" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Caspian Sea -28 m", - "highest_point": "Gora El'brus 5,633 m (highest point in Europe)" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "wide natural resource base including major deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, and many strategic minerals, reserves of rare earth elements, timber", - "note": "formidable obstacles of climate, terrain, and distance hinder exploitation of natural resources" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "7.11%", - "permanent_crops": "0.1%", - "other": "92.79% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "43,460 sq km (2008)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "4,508 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "66.2 cu km/yr (20%/60%/20%)", - "per_capita": "454.9 cu m/yr (2001)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "permafrost over much of Siberia is a major impediment to development; volcanic activity in the Kuril Islands; volcanoes and earthquakes on the Kamchatka Peninsula; spring floods and summer/autumn forest fires throughout Siberia and parts of European Russia", - "volcanism": "significant volcanic activity on the Kamchatka Peninsula and Kuril Islands; the peninsula alone is home to some 29 historically active volcanoes, with dozens more in the Kuril Islands; Kliuchevskoi (elev. 4,835 m), which erupted in 2007 and 2010, is Kamchatka's most active volcano; Avachinsky and Koryaksky volcanoes, which pose a threat to the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy, have been deemed \"Decade Volcanoes\" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to their explosive history and close proximity to human populations; other notable historically active volcanoes include Bezymianny, Chikurachki, Ebeko, Gorely, Grozny, Karymsky, Ketoi, Kronotsky, Ksudach, Medvezhia, Mutnovsky, Sarychev Peak, Shiveluch, Tiatia, Tolbachik, and Zheltovsky" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "air pollution from heavy industry, emissions of coal-fired electric plants, and transportation in major cities; industrial, municipal, and agricultural pollution of inland waterways and seacoasts; deforestation; soil erosion; soil contamination from improper application of agricultural chemicals; scattered areas of sometimes intense radioactive contamination; groundwater contamination from toxic waste; urban solid waste management; abandoned stocks of obsolete pesticides" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Air Pollution-Sulfur 94" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "largest country in the world in terms of area but unfavorably located in relation to major sea lanes of the world; despite its size, much of the country lacks proper soils and climates (either too cold or too dry) for agriculture; Mount El'brus is Europe's tallest peak; Lake Baikal, the deepest lake in the world, is estimated to hold one fifth of the world's fresh water" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Russian(s)", - "adjective": "Russian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Russian 79.8%, Tatar 3.8%, Ukrainian 2%, Bashkir 1.2%, Chuvash 1.1%, other or unspecified 12.1% (2002 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Russian (official), many minority languages" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Russian Orthodox 15-20%, Muslim 10-15%, other Christian 2% (2006 est.)", - "note": "estimates are of practicing worshipers; Russia has large populations of non-practicing believers and non-believers, a legacy of over seven decades of Soviet rule" - }, - "population": { - "text": "142,500,482 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "16% (male 11,740,877/female 11,119,318)", - "15_24_years": "11.5% (male 8,401,971/female 8,045,363)", - "25_54_years": "45.9% (male 31,945,797/female 33,417,073)", - "55_64_years": "13.5% (male 8,177,300/female 11,009,712)", - "65_years_and_over": "13.1% (male 5,687,515/female 12,955,556) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "40.5 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "22.2 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "18.3 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "5.5 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "38.8 years", - "male": "35.8 years", - "female": "41.8 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.02% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "12.11 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "13.97 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "1.69 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "73.8% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.13% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "MOSCOW (capital) 10.523 million; Saint Petersburg 4.575 million; Novosibirsk 1.397 million; Yekaterinburg 1.344 million; Nizhniy Novgorod 1.267 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.95 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.74 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.44 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.86 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "34 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "7.19 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "8.04 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "6.29 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "69.85 years", - "male": "64.04 years", - "female": "76.02 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.61 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "79.5%", - "note": "percent of women under age 50 (2007)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "5.1% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "4.31 physicians/1,000 population (2006)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "9.66 beds/1,000 population (2006)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 92% of population; total: 97% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 8% of population; total: 3% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 74% of population; rural: 59% of population; total: 70% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 26% of population; rural: 41% of population; total: 30% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "980,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "intermediate", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea", - "vectorborne_disease": "tickborne encephalitis", - "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "26.5% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "4.1% of GDP (2008)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99.7%", - "male": "99.7%", - "female": "99.6% (2010 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "14 years", - "male": "14 years", - "female": "15 years (2009)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "15.5%", - "male": "15.3%", - "female": "15.7% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Russian Federation", - "conventional_short_form": "Russia", - "local_long_form": "Rossiyskaya Federatsiya", - "local_short_form": "Rossiya", - "former": "Russian Empire, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "federation" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Moscow", - "geographic_coordinates": "55 45 N, 37 36 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr; note - Russia has announced that it will remain on daylight saving time permanently, which began on 27 March 2011", - "note": "Russia is divided into 9 time zones" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "46 provinces (oblastey, singular - oblast), 21 republics (respublik, singular - respublika), 4 autonomous okrugs (avtonomnykh okrugov, singular - avtonomnyy okrug), 9 krays (krayev, singular - kray), 2 federal cities (goroda, singular - gorod), and 1 autonomous oblast (avtonomnaya oblast')", - "oblasts": "Amur (Blagoveshchensk), Arkhangel'sk, Astrakhan', Belgorod, Bryansk, Chelyabinsk, Irkutsk, Ivanovo, Kaliningrad, Kaluga, Kemerovo, Kirov, Kostroma, Kurgan, Kursk, Leningrad, Lipetsk, Magadan, Moscow, Murmansk, Nizhniy Novgorod, Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Orenburg, Orel, Penza, Pskov, Rostov, Ryazan', Sakhalin (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk), Samara, Saratov, Smolensk, Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg), Tambov, Tomsk, Tula, Tver', Tyumen', Ul'yanovsk, Vladimir, Volgograd, Vologda, Voronezh, Yaroslavl'", - "republics": "Adygeya (Maykop), Altay (Gorno-Altaysk), Bashkortostan (Ufa), Buryatiya (Ulan-Ude), Chechnya (Groznyy), Chuvashiya (Cheboksary), Dagestan (Makhachkala), Ingushetiya (Magas), Kabardino-Balkariya (Nal'chik), Kalmykiya (Elista), Karachayevo-Cherkesiya (Cherkessk), Kareliya (Petrozavodsk), Khakasiya (Abakan), Komi (Syktyvkar), Mariy-El (Yoshkar-Ola), Mordoviya (Saransk), North Ossetia (Vladikavkaz), Sakha [Yakutiya] (Yakutsk), Tatarstan (Kazan'), Tyva (Kyzyl), Udmurtiya (Izhevsk)", - "autonomous_okrugs": "Chukotka (Anadyr'), Khanty-Mansi (Khanty-Mansiysk), Nenets (Nar'yan-Mar), Yamalo-Nenets (Salekhard)", - "krays": "Altay (Barnaul), Kamchatka (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy), Khabarovsk, Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk, Perm', Primorskiy [Maritime] (Vladivostok), Stavropol', Zabaykal'sk (Chita)", - "federal_cities": "Moscow [Moskva], Saint Petersburg [Sankt-Peterburg]", - "autonomous_oblast": "Yevrey [Jewish] (Birobidzhan)", - "note": "administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "24 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier dates: 1157 (Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal created); 16 January 1547 (Tsardom of Muscovy established); 22 October 1721 (Russian Empire proclaimed); 30 December 1922 (Soviet Union established)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Russia Day, 12 June (1990)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "adopted 12 December 1993" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Vladimir Vladimirovich PUTIN (since 7 May 2012)", - "head_of_government": "Premier Dmitriy Anatolyevich MEDVEDEV (since 8 May 2012); First Deputy Premier Igor Ivanovich SHUVALOV (since 12 May 2008); Deputy Premiers Arkadiy Vladimirovich DVORKOVICH (since 21 May 2012), Olga Yuryevna GOLODETS (since 21 May 2012), Aleksandr Gennadiyevich KHLOPONIN (since 19 January 2010), Dmitriy Nikolayevich KOZAK (since 14 October 2008), Dmitriy Olegovich ROGOZIN (since 23 December 2011), Sergey Eduardovich PRIKHODKO (since 22 May 2013)", - "cabinet": "the \"Government\" is composed of the premier, his deputies, and ministers; all are appointed by the president, and the premier is also confirmed by the Duma", - "note": "there is also a Presidential Administration (PA) that provides staff and policy support to the president, drafts presidential decrees, and coordinates policy among government agencies; a Security Council also reports directly to the president", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a six-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 4 March 2012 (next to be held in March 2018); note - the term length was extended from four to six years in late 2008 and went into effect after the 2012 election; there is no vice president; if the president dies in office, cannot exercise his powers because of ill health, is impeached, or resigns, the premier serves as acting president until a new presidential election is held, which must be within three months; premier appointed by the president with the approval of the Duma", - "election_results": "Vladimir PUTIN elected president; percent of vote - Vladimir PUTIN 63.6%, Gennadiy ZYUGANOV 17.2%, Mikhail PROKHOROV 8%, Vladimir ZHIRINOVSKIY 6.2%, Sergey MIRONOV 3.9%, other 1.1%; Dmitriy MEDVEDEV approved as premier by Duma 299 to 144" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Federal Assembly or Federalnoye Sobraniye consists of an upper house, the Federation Council or Sovet Federatsii (166 seats; members appointed by the top executive and legislative officials in each of the 83 federal administrative units - oblasts, krays, republics, autonomous okrugs and oblasts, and the federal cities of Moscow and Saint Petersburg; members to serve four-year terms) and a lower house, the State Duma or Gosudarstvennaya Duma (450 seats; as of 2007, all members elected by proportional representation from party lists winning at least 7% of the vote; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "State Duma - last held on 4 December 2011 (next to be held in December 2015)", - "election_results": "State Duma - United Russia 49.6%, CPRF 19.2%, Just Russia 13.2%, LDPR 11.7%, other 6.3%; total seats by party - United Russia 238, CPRF 92, Just Russia 64, LDPR 56" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (consists of 23 members); Constitutional Court (consists of 19 members); Superior Court of Arbitration (consists of a chairman and 4 deputy chairmen", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "all members of Russia's three highest courts nominated by the president and appointed by the Federation Council (the upper house of the legislature); members of all three courts appointed for life", - "subordinate_courts": "Higher Arbitration Court; regional (kray) and provincial (oblast) courts; Moscow and St. Petersburg city courts; autonomous province and district courts; note - the 14 Russian Republics have court systems specified by their own constitutions" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "A Just Russia [Sergey MIRONOV]; Communist Party of the Russian Federation or CPRF [Gennadiy ZYUGANOV]; Liberal Democratic Party of Russia or LDPR [Vladimir ZHIRINOVSKIY]; Right Cause [Andrey DUNAYEV]; Rodina [Aleksey ZHURAVLEV]; United Russia [Dmitriy MEDVEDEV]; Yabloko Party [Sergey MITROKHIN]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Association of Citizens with Initiative of Russia (TIGR); Confederation of Labor of Russia (KTR); Federation of Independent Labor Unions of Russia; Freedom of Choice Interregional Organization of Automobilists; Glasnost Defense Foundation; Golos Association in Defense of Voters' Rights; Greenpeace Russia; Human Rights Watch (Russian chapter); Institute for Collective Action; Memorial (human rights group); Movement Against Illegal Migration; Pamjat (preservation of historical monuments and recording of history); PARNAS; Russian Orthodox Church; Russian Federation of Car Owners; Russian-Chechen Friendship Society; Solidarnost; SOVA Analytical-Information Center; Union of the Committees of Soldiers' Mothers; World Wildlife Fund (Russian chapter)" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "APEC, Arctic Council, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), BIS, BRICS, BSEC, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN (observer), CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAPC, EAS, EBRD, FAO, FATF, G-20, G-8, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIC (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNSC (permanent), UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Sergey Ivanovich KISLYAK", - "chancery": "2650 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 298-5700, 5701, 5704, 5708", - "fax": "[1] (202) 298-5735", - "consulates_general": "Houston, New York, San Francisco, Seattle" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Michael A. MCFAUL", - "embassy": "Bolshoy Deviatinskiy Pereulok No. 8, 121099 Moscow", - "mailing_address": "PSC-77, APO AE 09721", - "telephone": "[7] (495) 728-5000", - "fax": "[7] (495) 728-5090", - "consulates_general": "Saint Petersburg, Vladivostok, Yekaterinburg" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red", - "note": "the colors may have been based on those of the Dutch flag; despite many popular interpretations, there is no official meaning assigned to the colors of the Russian flag; this flag inspired other Slav countries to adopt horizontal tricolors of the same colors but in different arrangements, and so red, blue, and white became the Pan-Slav colors" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "bear; double-headed eagle" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsii\" (National Anthem of the Russian Federation)", - "lyrics_music": "Sergei Vladimirovich MIKHALKOV/Alexandr Vasilievich ALEXANDROV", - "note": "in 2000, Russia adopted the tune of the anthem of the former Soviet Union (composed in 1939); the lyrics, also adopted in 2000, were written by the same person who authored the Soviet lyrics in 1943" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Russia has undergone significant changes since the collapse of the Soviet Union, moving from a globally-isolated, centrally-planned economy to a more market-based and globally-integrated economy. Economic reforms in the 1990s privatized most industry, with notable exceptions in the energy and defense-related sectors. The protection of property rights is still weak and the private sector remains subject to heavy state interference. In 2011, Russia became the world's leading oil producer, surpassing Saudi Arabia; Russia is the second-largest producer of natural gas; Russia holds the world's largest natural gas reserves, the second-largest coal reserves, and the eighth-largest crude oil reserves. Russia is also a top exporter of metals such as steel and primary aluminum. Russia's reliance on commodity exports makes it vulnerable to boom and bust cycles that follow the volatile swings in global prices. The government since 2007 has embarked on an ambitious program to reduce this dependency and build up the country's high technology sectors, but with few visible results so far. The economy had averaged 7% growth in the decade following the 1998 Russian financial crisis, resulting in a doubling of real disposable incomes and the emergence of a middle class. The Russian economy, however, was one of the hardest hit by the 2008-09 global economic crisis as oil prices plummeted and the foreign credits that Russian banks and firms relied on dried up. According to the World Bank the government's anti-crisis package in 2008-09 amounted to roughly 6.7% of GDP. The economic decline bottomed out in mid-2009 and the economy began to grow again in the third quarter of 2009. High oil prices buoyed Russian growth in 2011-12 and helped Russia reduce the budget deficit inherited from 2008-09. Russia has reduced unemployment to a record low and has lowered inflation below double digit rates. Russia joined the World Trade Organization in 2012, which will reduce trade barriers in Russia for foreign goods and services and help open foreign markets to Russian goods and services. At the same time, Russia has sought to cement economic ties with countries in the former Soviet space through a Customs Union with Belarus and Kazakhstan, and, in the next several years, through the creation of a new Russia-led economic bloc called the Eurasian Economic Union. Russia has had difficulty attracting foreign direct investment and has experienced large capital outflows in the past several years, leading to official programs to improve Russia's international rankings for its investment climate. Russia's adoption of a new oil-price-based fiscal rule in 2012 and a more flexible exchange rate policy have improved its ability to deal with external shocks, including volatile oil prices. Russia's long-term challenges also include a shrinking workforce, rampant corruption, and underinvestment in infrastructure." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$2.555 trillion (2012 est.); $2.471 trillion (2011 est.); $2.369 trillion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$2.022 trillion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.4% (2012 est.); 4.3% (2011 est.); 4.5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$18,000 (2012 est.); $17,300 (2011 est.); $16,600 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "30% of GDP (2012 est.); 30.6% of GDP (2011 est.); 27.3% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "49.2%", - "government_consumption": "18.6%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "22%", - "investment_in_inventories": "2.6%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "29.7%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-22.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "3.9%", - "industry": "36%", - "services": "60.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, vegetables, fruits; beef, milk" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "complete range of mining and extractive industries producing coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles; defense industries including radar, missile production, and advanced electronic components, shipbuilding; road and rail transportation equipment; communications equipment; agricultural machinery, tractors, and construction equipment; electric power generating and transmitting equipment; medical and scientific instruments; consumer durables, textiles, foodstuffs, handicrafts" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "75.24 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "7.9%", - "industry": "27.4%", - "services": "64.7% (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "5.7% (2012 est.); 6.6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "12.7% (2011)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "5.7%", - "highest_10%": "42.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "41.7 (2011); 39.9 (2001)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$416.8 billion", - "expenditures": "$418 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "20.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-0.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "7.7% of GDP (2012 est.); 8.1% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "5.1% (2012 est.); 8.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "8.25% (31 December 2012 est.); 8% (31 December 2011)", - "note": "this is the so-called refinancing rate, but in Russia banks do not get refinancing at this rate; this is a reference rate used primarily for fiscal purposes" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "9.1% (31 December 2012 est.); 8.45% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$452.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $399.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$1.061 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $893.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$922.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $702.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$845.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $796.4 billion (31 December 2011); $1.005 trillion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$81.3 billion (2012 est.); $98.8 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$529.6 billion (2012 est.); $519.9 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, metals, wood and wood products, chemicals, and a wide variety of civilian and military manufactures" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Netherlands 14.4%, China 6.4%, Italy 5.3%, Germany 4.5% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$334.7 billion (2012 est.); $321.9 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery, vehicles, pharmaceutical products, plastic, semi-finished metal products, meat, fruits and nuts, optical and medical instruments, iron, steel" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 15.5%, Germany 9.5%, Ukraine 5.5% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$537.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $498.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$631.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $543 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$502.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $457.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$413.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $362.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Russian rubles (RUB) per US dollar -; 30.84 (2012 est.); 29.382 (2011 est.); 30.368 (2010 est.); 31.74 (2009); 24.853 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "1.064 trillion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "1.038 trillion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "19.14 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "2.661 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "223.1 million kW (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "67.7% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "17.2% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "15.1% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "10.37 million bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "4.69 million bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "16,380 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "60 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "4.802 million bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "3.341 million bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "2.699 million bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "24,300 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "653 billion cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "460 billion cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "200.1 billion cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "32.5 billion cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "47.57 trillion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "1.634 billion Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "44.152 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "236.7 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "the telephone system is experiencing significant changes; there are more than 1,000 companies licensed to offer communication services; access to digital lines has improved, particularly in urban centers; Internet and e-mail services are improving; Russia has made progress toward building the telecommunications infrastructure necessary for a market economy; the estimated number of mobile subscribers jumped from fewer than 1 million in 1998 to more than 235 million in 2011; fixed line service has improved but a large demand remains", - "domestic": "cross-country digital trunk lines run from Saint Petersburg to Khabarovsk, and from Moscow to Novorossiysk; the telephone systems in 60 regional capitals have modern digital infrastructures; cellular services, both analog and digital, are available in many areas; in rural areas, the telephone services are still outdated, inadequate, and low density", - "international": "country code - 7; Russia is connected internationally by undersea fiber optic cables; satellite earth stations provide access to Intelsat, Intersputnik, Eutelsat, Inmarsat, and Orbita systems (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "6 national TV stations with the federal government owning 1 and holding a controlling interest in a second; state-owned Gazprom maintains a controlling interest in a third national channel; government-affiliated Bank Rossiya owns controlling interest in a fourth and fifth, while the sixth national channel is owned by the Moscow city administration; roughly 3,300 national, regional, and local TV stations with over two-thirds completely or partially controlled by the federal or local governments; satellite TV services are available; 2 state-run national radio networks with a third majority-owned by Gazprom; roughly 2,400 public and commercial radio stations (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ru; note - Russia also has responsibility for a legacy domain \".su\" that was allocated to the Soviet Union and is being phased out" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "14.865 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "40.853 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "1,218 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "594", - "over_3_047_m": "54", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "197", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "123", - "914_to_1_523_m": "95", - "under_914_m": "125 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "624", - "over_3_047_m": "4", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "13", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "69", - "914_to_1_523_m": "81", - "under_914_m": "457 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "49 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "condensate 122 km; gas 163,872 km; liquid petroleum gas 1,378 km; oil 80,820 km; oil/gas/water 40 km; refined products 13,658 km; water 23 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "87,157 km", - "broad_gauge": "86,200 km 1.520-m gauge (40,300 km electrified)", - "narrow_gauge": "957 km 1.067-m gauge (on Sakhalin Island)", - "note": "an additional 30,000 km of non-common carrier lines serve industries (2006)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "982,000 km", - "paved": "776,000 km (includes 30,000 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "206,000 km", - "note": "includes public, local, and departmental roads (2009)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "102,000 km (including 48,000 km with guaranteed depth; the 72,000 km system in European Russia links Baltic Sea, White Sea, Caspian Sea, Sea of Azov, and Black Sea) (2009)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "1,143", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 20, cargo 642, carrier 3, chemical tanker 57, combination ore/oil 42, container 13, passenger 15, passenger/cargo 7, petroleum tanker 244, refrigerated cargo 84, roll on/roll off 13, specialized tanker 3", - "foreign_owned": "155 (Belgium 4, Cyprus 13, Estonia 1, Ireland 1, Italy 14, Latvia 2, Netherlands 2, Romania 1, South Korea 1, Switzerland 3, Turkey 101, Ukraine 12)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "439 (Antigua and Barbuda 3, Belgium 1, Belize 30, Bulgaria 2, Cambodia 50, Comoros 12, Cook Islands 1, Cyprus 46, Dominica 3, Georgia 6, Hong Kong 1, Kiribati 1, Liberia 109, Malaysia 2, Malta 45, Marshall Islands 5, Moldova 5, Mongolia 2, Panama 49, Romania 1, Saint Kitts and Nevis 13, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 11, Sierra Leone 7, Singapore 2, Spain 6, Vanuatu 7, unknown 19) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Kaliningrad, Kavkaz, Nakhodka, Novorossiysk, Primorsk, Saint Petersburg, Vostochnyy" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Ground Forces (Sukhoputnyye Voyskia, SV), Navy (Voyenno-Morskoy Flot, VMF), Air Forces (Voyenno-Vozdushniye Sily, VVS); Airborne Troops (Vozdushno-Desantnyye Voyska, VDV), Strategic Rocket Forces (Raketnyye Voyska Strategicheskogo Naznacheniya, RVSN), and Aerospace Defense Troops (Voyska Vozdushno-Kosmicheskoy Oborony or Voyska VKO) are independent \"combat arms,\" not subordinate to any of the three branches; Russian Ground Forces include the following combat arms: motorized-rifle troops, tank troops, missile and artillery troops, air defense of the ground troops (2012)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service; males are registered for the draft at 17 years of age; service obligation is 1 year (conscripts can only be sent to combat zones after 6 months of training); reserve obligation to age 50; enrollment in military schools from the age of 16, cadets classified as members of the armed forces", - "note": "the chief of the General Staff Mobilization Directorate announced in March 2009 that for health reasons, only 65% of draftees in 2008 were fit for military service, and over half of these had health-induced restrictions on deployment; the deputy chief of the Russian Army General Staff confirmed in May 2011 that over 30% of potential conscripts were turned down on health grounds; 61% of draft-age Russian males receive some type of deferment each draft cycle (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "34,132,156", - "females_age_16_49": "34,985,115 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "20,431,035", - "females_age_16_49": "26,381,518 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "693,843", - "female": "660,359 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "3.9% of GDP (2005)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Russia remains concerned about the smuggling of poppy derivatives from Afghanistan through Central Asian countries; China and Russia have demarcated the once disputed islands at the Amur and Ussuri confluence and in the Argun River in accordance with the 2004 Agreement, ending their centuries-long border disputes; the sovereignty dispute over the islands of Etorofu, Kunashiri, Shikotan, and the Habomai group, known in Japan as the \"Northern Territories\" and in Russia as the \"Southern Kurils,\" occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945, now administered by Russia, and claimed by Japan, remains the primary sticking point to signing a peace treaty formally ending World War II hostilities; Russia's military support and subsequent recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia independence in 2008 continue to sour relations with Georgia; Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia ratified Caspian seabed delimitation treaties based on equidistance, while Iran continues to insist on a one-fifth slice of the sea; Norway and Russia signed a comprehensive maritime boundary agreement in 2010; various groups in Finland advocate restoration of Karelia (Kareliya) and other areas ceded to the Soviet Union following World War II but the Finnish Government asserts no territorial demands; Russia and Estonia signed a technical border agreement in May 2005, but Russia recalled its signature in June 2005 after the Estonian parliament added to its domestic ratification act a historical preamble referencing the Soviet occupation and Estonia's pre-war borders under the 1920 Treaty of Tartu; Russia contends that the preamble allows Estonia to make territorial claims on Russia in the future, while Estonian officials deny that the preamble has any legal impact on the treaty text; Russia demands better treatment of the Russian-speaking population in Estonia and Latvia; Lithuania and Russia committed to demarcating their boundary in 2006 in accordance with the land and maritime treaty ratified by Russia in May 2003 and by Lithuania in 1999; Lithuania operates a simplified transit regime for Russian nationals traveling from the Kaliningrad coastal exclave into Russia, while still conforming, as an EU member state with an EU external border, where strict Schengen border rules apply; preparations for the demarcation delimitation of land boundary with Ukraine have commenced; the dispute over the boundary between Russia and Ukraine through the Kerch Strait and Sea of Azov remains unresolved despite a December 2003 framework agreement and on-going expert-level discussions; Kazakhstan and Russia boundary delimitation was ratified on November 2005 and field demarcation should commence in 2007; Russian Duma has not yet ratified 1990 Bering Sea Maritime Boundary Agreement with the US; Denmark (Greenland) and Norway have made submissions to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental shelf (CLCS) and Russia is collecting additional data to augment its 2001 CLCS submission" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "idps": "8,500-28,450 (displacement from Chechnya and North Ossetia-Alania) (2011)", - "stateless_persons": "178,000 (2012); note - Russia's stateless population consists of Roma, Meskhetian Turks, and ex-Soviet citizens from the former republics; between 2003 and 2010 more than 600,000 stateless people were naturalized; most Meskhetian Turks, followers of Islam with origins in Georgia, fled or were evacuated from Uzbekistan after a 1989 pogrom and have lived in Russia for more than the required five-year residency period; they continue to be denied registration for citizenship and basic rights by local Krasnodar Krai authorities on the grounds that they are temporary illegal migrants" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Russia is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children who are subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking, although labor trafficking is the predominant problem; people from Russia and other countries in Europe, Central Asia, and Asia, including Vietnam and North Korea, are subjected to conditions of forced labor in Russia's construction, manufacturing, agriculture, repair shop, and domestic services industries, as well as forced begging and narcotics cultivation; North Koreans contracted under bilateral government arrangements to work in the timber industry in the Russian Far East reportedly are subjected to forced labor; Russian women and children were reported to be victims of sex trafficking in Russia, Northeast Asia, Europe, Central Asia, and the Middle East, while women from European, African, and Central Asian countries were reportedly forced into prostitution in Russia", - "tier_rating": "Tier 3 - Russia does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and because it is not deemed to be making significant efforts to do so was downgraded to Tier 3 after the maximum of two consecutive annual waivers; the number of prosecutions remains low compared to estimates of Russia's trafficking problem; the government did not develop or deploy a formal system for the identification of trafficking victims or their referral to protective services, although some victims were reportedly cared for through ad hoc efforts; the government has reported minimal efforts to identify or care for the large number of migrant workers vulnerable to labor exploitation and has not investigated allegations of slave-like conditions in North Korean-operated timber camps (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "limited cultivation of illicit cannabis and opium poppy and producer of methamphetamine, mostly for domestic consumption; government has active illicit crop eradication program; used as transshipment point for Asian opiates, cannabis, and Latin American cocaine bound for growing domestic markets, to a lesser extent Western and Central Europe, and occasionally to the US; major source of heroin precursor chemicals; corruption and organized crime are key concerns; major consumer of opiates" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/se-sweden.json b/europe/se-sweden.json deleted file mode 100644 index 67d0de34..00000000 --- a/europe/se-sweden.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,613 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "A military power during the 17th century, Sweden has not participated in any war for almost two centuries. An armed neutrality was preserved in both world wars. Sweden's long-successful economic formula of a capitalist system interlarded with substantial welfare elements was challenged in the 1990s by high unemployment and in 2000-02 and 2009 by the global economic downturns, but fiscal discipline over the past several years has allowed the country to weather economic vagaries. Sweden joined the EU in 1995, but the public rejected the introduction of the euro in a 2003 referendum." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, Kattegat, and Skagerrak, between Finland and Norway" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "62 00 N, 15 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "450,295 sq km", - "land": "410,335 sq km", - "water": "39,960 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than California" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "2,233 km", - "border_countries": "Finland 614 km, Norway 1,619 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "3,218 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm (adjustments made to return a portion of straits to high seas)", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "agreed boundaries or midlines", - "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "reclaimed bay of Lake Hammarsjon, near Kristianstad -2.4 m", - "highest_point": "Kebnekaise 2,111 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, tungsten, uranium, arsenic, feldspar, timber, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "5.8%", - "permanent_crops": "0.02%", - "other": "94.18% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "1,597 sq km (2007)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "174 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "2.62 cu km/yr (37%/59%/4%)", - "per_capita": "285.6 cu m/yr (2007)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "ice floes in the surrounding waters, especially in the Gulf of Bothnia, can interfere with maritime traffic" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "acid rain damage to soils and lakes; pollution of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location along Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Swede(s)", - "adjective": "Swedish" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "indigenous population: Swedes with Finnish and Sami minorities; foreign-born or first-generation immigrants: Finns, Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Greeks, Turks" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Swedish (official), small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Lutheran 87%, other (includes Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Baptist, Muslim, Jewish, and Buddhist) 13%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "9,119,423 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "15.4% (male 724,724/female 682,451)", - "15_24_years": "12.9% (male 602,347/female 574,650)", - "25_54_years": "38.8% (male 1,790,185/female 1,745,108)", - "55_64_years": "12.4% (male 561,460/female 564,861)", - "65_years_and_over": "20.5% (male 841,211/female 1,032,426) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "56.8 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "26.5 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "30.3 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "3.3 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "42.4 years", - "male": "41.2 years", - "female": "43.5 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.18% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "10.33 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "10.22 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "1.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "85% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "STOCKHOLM (capital) 1.279 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.81 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "28.6 (2005 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "4 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "2.73 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "2.89 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "2.57 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "81.28 years", - "male": "78.95 years", - "female": "83.75 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.67 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "75.2%", - "note": "percent of women aged 18-44 (1996)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "9.6% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "3.58 physicians/1,000 population (2006)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "2.8 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "8,100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "18.6% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "7.3% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99%", - "male": "99%", - "female": "99% (2003 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "16 years", - "male": "15 years", - "female": "17 years (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "22.9%", - "male": "23.8%", - "female": "22% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Kingdom of Sweden", - "conventional_short_form": "Sweden", - "local_long_form": "Konungariket Sverige", - "local_short_form": "Sverige" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "constitutional monarchy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Stockholm", - "geographic_coordinates": "59 20 N, 18 03 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "21 counties (lan, singular and plural); Blekinge, Dalarna, Gavleborg, Gotland, Halland, Jamtland, Jonkoping, Kalmar, Kronoberg, Norrbotten, Orebro, Ostergotland, Skane, Sodermanland, Stockholm, Uppsala, Varmland, Vasterbotten, Vasternorrland, Vastmanland, Vastra Gotaland" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "6 June 1523 (Gustav VASA elected king)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "National Day, 6 June (1983); note - from 1916 to 1982 this date was celebrated as Swedish Flag Day" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "1 January 1975" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system influenced by Roman-Germanic law and customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "King CARL XVI GUSTAF (since 19 September 1973); Heir Apparent Princess VICTORIA Ingrid Alice Desiree, daughter of the monarch (born 14 July 1977)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Fredrik REINFELDT (since 5 October 2006); Deputy Prime Minister Jan BJORKLUND (since 5 October 2010)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the prime minister", - "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually becomes the prime minister" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament or Riksdag (349 seats; members are elected by popular vote on a proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 19 September 2010 (next to be held in September 2014)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - SAP 30.7%, Moderate Party 30.1%, Green Party 7.3%, FP 7.1%, C 6.6%, SD 5.7%, KD 5.6%, V 5.6%, others 1.3%; seats by party - SAP 112, Moderate Party 107, Green Party 25, FP 24, C 23, SD 20, KD 19, V 19" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Sweden (consists of 16 justices including the court chairman; Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 18 justices including the court president)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court and Supreme Administrative Court justices nominated by the Board of Judges, a 9-member nominating body consisting of high-level judges, prosecutors, and members of Parliament; justices appointed by the Government; following a probationary period, justices' appointments are permanent", - "subordinate_courts": "first instance and appellate general and administrative courts; specialized courts that handle cases such as land and environment, immigration, labor, markets, and patents" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Center Party (Centerpartiet) or C [Annie LOOF]; Christian Democrats (Kristdemokraterna) or KD [Goran HAGGLUND]; Green Party (Miljopartiet de Grona); [spokespersons Asa ROMSON and Gustav FRIDOLIN]; Left Party (Vansterpartiet) (formerly Communist Party) or V [Jonas SJOSTEDT]; Liberal People's Party (Folkpartiet) or FP [Jan BJORKLUND]; Moderate Party (Moderaterna) [Fredrik REINFELDT]; Social Democratic Party (Socialdemokraterna) or SAP [Stefan LOFVEN]; Sweden Democrats (Sverigedemokraterna) or SD [Jimmie AKESSON]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Children's Rights in Society; Swedish Confederation of Professional Employees or TCO; Swedish Trade Union Confederation (Landsorganisationen) or LO [Wanja LUNDBY-WEDIN]; ", - "other": "environmental groups; media" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EITI (implementing country), ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNMOGIP, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Jonas HAFSTROM", - "chancery": "The House of Sweden, 2900 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20007", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 467-2600", - "fax": "[1] (202) 467-2699", - "consulates_general": "New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Mark BRZEZINSKI", - "embassy": "Dag Hammarskjolds Vag 31, SE-11589 Stockholm", - "mailing_address": "American Embassy Stockholm, US Department of State, 5750 Stockholm Place, Washington, DC 20521-5750", - "telephone": "[46] (08) 783 53 00", - "fax": "[46] (08) 661 19 64" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "blue with a golden yellow cross extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag); the colors reflect those of the Swedish coat of arms - three gold crowns on a blue field" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "three crowns; lion" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Du Gamla, Du Fria\" (Thou Ancient, Thou Free)", - "lyrics_music": "Richard DYBECK/traditional", - "note": "in use since 1844; the anthem, also known as \"Sang till Norden\" (Song of the North), is based on a Swedish folk tune; it has never been officially adopted by the government; \"Kungssangen\" (The King's Song) serves as the royal anthem and is played in the presence of the royal family and during certain state ceremonies" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Aided by peace and neutrality for the whole of the 20th century, Sweden has achieved an enviable standard of living under a mixed system of high-tech capitalism and extensive welfare benefits. It has a modern distribution system, excellent internal and external communications, and a highly skilled labor force. In September 2003, Swedish voters turned down entry into the euro system concerned about the impact on the economy and sovereignty. Timber, hydropower, and iron ore constitute the resource base of an economy heavily oriented toward foreign trade. Privately owned firms account for vast majority of industrial output, of which the engineering sector accounts for about 50% of output and exports. Agriculture accounts for little more than 1% of GDP and of employment. Until 2008, Sweden was in the midst of a sustained economic upswing, boosted by increased domestic demand and strong exports. This and robust finances offered the center-right government considerable scope to implement its reform program aimed at increasing employment, reducing welfare dependence, and streamlining the state's role in the economy. Despite strong finances and underlying fundamentals, the Swedish economy slid into recession in the third quarter of 2008 and the contraction continued in 2009 as deteriorating global conditions reduced export demand and consumption. Strong exports of commodities and a return to profitability by Sweden's banking sector drove the strong rebound in 2010, which continued in 2011, but growth slipped to 1.2% in 2012. The government proposed stimulus measures in 2012 to curb the effects of a global economic slowdown and boost employment and growth." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$399.4 billion (2012 est.); $394.7 billion (2011 est.); $380.4 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$526.2 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.2% (2012 est.); 3.8% (2011 est.); 6.3% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$41,900 (2012 est.); $41,600 (2011 est.); $40,400 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "26.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 27.3% of GDP (2011 est.); 25.8% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "48.4%", - "government_consumption": "26.9%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "18.9%", - "investment_in_inventories": "-0.3%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "48.8%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-42.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "1.8%", - "industry": "27.4%", - "services": "70.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "barley, wheat, sugar beets; meat, milk" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "5.058 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "1.1%", - "industry": "28.2%", - "services": "70.7% (2008 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "8% (2012 est.); 7.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.6%", - "highest_10%": "22.2% (2000)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "23 (2005); 25 (1992)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$270 billion", - "expenditures": "$271.5 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "51.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-0.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "38.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 38.4% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "0.9% (2012 est.); 3% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "5.5% (31 December 2010 est.); 0.5% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "3.57% (31 December 2012 est.); 4.28% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$260.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $232.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$440.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $422.6 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$792.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $725.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$470.1 billion (31 December 2011); $581.2 billion (31 December 2010); $432.3 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$37.56 billion (2012 est.); $37.73 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$178.5 billion (2012 est.); $189.1 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery 35%, motor vehicles, paper products, pulp and wood, iron and steel products, chemicals" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Norway 10.4%, Germany 10.3%, UK 8.1%, Denmark 6.7%, Finland 6.7%, Netherlands 5.5%, US 5.5%, Belgium 5%, France 4.8% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$163.6 billion (2012 est.); $174.3 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel; foodstuffs, clothing" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 17.4%, Denmark 8.5%, Norway 8.4%, UK 6.5%, Netherlands 6.4%, Russia 5.6%, Finland 5.1%, China 4.9%, France 4.2% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$52.23 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $50.35 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$1.034 trillion (31 December 2012); $992.5 billion (31 December 2011)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$488.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $474.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$540.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $507.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Swedish kronor (SEK) per US dollar -; 6.77 (2012 est.); 6.4918 (2011 est.); 7.2075 (2010 est.); 7.6529 (2009); 6.4074 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "147.8 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "127.1 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "12.85 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "14.93 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "35.29 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "12.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "25% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "46.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "15.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "380,100 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "413,300 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "316,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "243,200 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "166,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "1.296 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "1.296 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "62.74 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "4.6 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "11.194 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "highly developed telecommunications infrastructure; ranked among leading countries for fixed-line, mobile-cellular, Internet and broadband penetration", - "domestic": "coaxial and multiconductor cables carry most of the voice traffic; parallel microwave radio relay systems carry some additional telephone channels", - "international": "country code - 46; submarine cables provide links to other Nordic countries and Europe; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Sweden shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Norway) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "publicly owned TV broadcaster operates 2 terrestrial networks plus regional stations; multiple privately owned TV broadcasters operating nationally, regionally, and locally; about 50 local TV stations; widespread access to pan-Nordic and international broadcasters through multi-channel cable and satellite TV; publicly owned radio broadcaster operates 3 national stations and a network of 25 regional channels; roughly 100 privately owned local radio stations with some consolidating into near national networks; an estimated 900 community and neighborhood radio stations broadcast intermittently (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".se" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "5.978 million (2010)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "8.398 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "231 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "149", - "over_3_047_m": "3", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "12", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "75", - "914_to_1_523_m": "22", - "under_914_m": "37 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "82", - "914_to_1_523_m": "5", - "under_914_m": "77 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "2 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 1,626 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "11,633 km", - "standard_gauge": "11,568 km 1.435-m gauge (7,567 km electrified)", - "narrow_gauge": "65 km 1.000-m gauge (65 km electrified) (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "572,900 km (includes 1,855 km of expressways)", - "note": "includes 98,400 km of state roads, 433,500 km of private roads, and 41,000 km of municipal roads; 215,700 km of these are open to public traffic (2009)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "2,052 km (2010)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "135", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 4, cargo 16, carrier 1, chemical tanker 15, passenger 5, passenger/cargo 36, petroleum tanker 11, roll on/roll off 30, vehicle carrier 17", - "foreign_owned": "35 (Denmark 4, Estonia 3, Finland 16, Germany 3, Ireland 1, Italy 5, Norway 3)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "189 (Bahamas 11, Barbados 4, Bermuda 14, Canada 2, Cook Islands 3, Cyprus 5, Denmark 15, Faroe Islands 11, Finland 1, France 4, Gibraltar 11, Italy 1, Liberia 12, Malta 1, Marshall Islands 1, Netherlands 12, Norway 27, Panama 2, Portugal 3, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 10, Singapore 11, UK 28) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Brofjorden, Goteborg, Helsingborg, Karlshamn, Lulea, Malmo, Stockholm, Trelleborg, Visby" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Swedish Armed Forces (Forsvarsmakten): Army (Armen), Royal Swedish Navy (Marinen), Swedish Air Force (Svenska Flygvapnet) (2010)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-47 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; Swedish citizenship required; service obligation: 7.5 months (Army), 7-15 months (Navy), 8-12 months (Air Force); the Swedish Parliament has abolished compulsory military service, with exclusively voluntary recruitment as of July 2010; conscription remains an option in emergencies; after completing initial service, soldiers have a reserve commitment until age 47 (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,065,691", - "females_age_16_49": "1,996,764 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,709,055", - "females_age_16_49": "1,650,432 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "54,960", - "female": "52,275 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.5% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "24,741 (Iraq); 19,416 (Somalia); 8,454 (Afghanistan); 6,414 (Eritrea); 6,051 (Syria) (2012)", - "stateless_persons": "9,596 (2012); note - the majority of stateless people come from the Middle East and Somalia" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/si-slovenia.json b/europe/si-slovenia.json deleted file mode 100644 index 743f7258..00000000 --- a/europe/si-slovenia.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,611 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The Slovene lands were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the latter's dissolution at the end of World War I. In 1918, the Slovenes joined the Serbs and Croats in forming a new multinational state, which was named Yugoslavia in 1929. After World War II, Slovenia became a republic of the renewed Yugoslavia, which though communist, distanced itself from Moscow's rule. Dissatisfied with the exercise of power by the majority Serbs, the Slovenes succeeded in establishing their independence in 1991 after a short 10-day war. Historical ties to Western Europe, a strong economy, and a stable democracy have assisted in Slovenia's transformation to a modern state. Slovenia acceded to both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004; it joined the eurozone in 2007." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "south Central Europe, Julian Alps between Austria and Croatia" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "46 07 N, 14 49 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "20,273 sq km", - "land": "20,151 sq km", - "water": "122 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than New Jersey" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,086 km", - "border_countries": "Austria 330 km, Croatia 455 km, Hungary 102 km, Italy 199 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "46.6 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "a short coastal strip on the Adriatic, an alpine mountain region adjacent to Italy and Austria, mixed mountains and valleys with numerous rivers to the east" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Adriatic Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Triglav 2,864 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "lignite coal, lead, zinc, building stone, hydropower, forests" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "8.31%", - "permanent_crops": "1.33%", - "other": "90.36% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "76.04 sq km (2010)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "31.87 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.94 cu km/yr (18%/82%/0%)", - "per_capita": "462.9 cu m/yr (2009)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "flooding; earthquakes" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "Sava River polluted with domestic and industrial waste; pollution of coastal waters with heavy metals and toxic chemicals; forest damage near Koper from air pollution (originating at metallurgical and chemical plants) and resulting acid rain" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "despite its small size, this eastern Alpine country controls some of Europe's major transit routes" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Slovene(s)", - "adjective": "Slovenian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Slovene 83.1%, Serb 2%, Croat 1.8%, Bosniak 1.1%, other or unspecified 12% (2002 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Slovenian (official) 91.1%, Serbo-Croatian 4.5%, other or unspecified 4.4%, Italian (official, only in municipalities where Italian national communities reside), Hungarian (official, only in municipalities where Hungarian national communities reside) (2002 census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Catholic 57.8%, Muslim 2.4%, Orthodox 2.3%, other Christian 0.9%, unaffiliated 3.5%, other or unspecified 23%, none 10.1% (2002 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "1,992,690 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "13.4% (male 137,756/female 129,420)", - "15_24_years": "10.3% (male 105,182/female 100,255)", - "25_54_years": "44.2% (male 444,274/female 435,702)", - "55_64_years": "14.7% (male 144,230/female 147,774)", - "65_years_and_over": "17.5% (male 138,953/female 209,144) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "46 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "20.9 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "25.2 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "4 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "43.1 years", - "male": "41.4 years", - "female": "44.9 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.21% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "8.66 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "11.12 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "50% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.2% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "LJUBLJANA (capital) 260,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.66 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.95 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "28.7 (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "12 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "4.08 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "4.61 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "3.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "77.66 years", - "male": "74.02 years", - "female": "81.53 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.32 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "78.9%", - "note": "percent of women aged 15-44 (1994/95)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "9.4% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "2.47 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "4.6 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 99% of population; total: 99% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 1% of population; total: 1% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "less than 0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "28.6% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.7% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "NA", - "total_population": "99.7%", - "male": "99.7%", - "female": "99.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "17 years", - "male": "16 years", - "female": "18 years (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "15.7%", - "male": "15%", - "female": "16.8% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Slovenia", - "conventional_short_form": "Slovenia", - "local_long_form": "Republika Slovenija", - "local_short_form": "Slovenija", - "former": "People's Republic of Slovenia, Socialist Republic of Slovenia" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Ljubljana", - "geographic_coordinates": "46 03 N, 14 31 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "200 municipalities (obcine, singular - obcina) and 11 urban municipalities (mestne obcine, singular - mestna obcina)", - "municipalities": "Ajdovscina, Apace, Beltinci, Benedikt, Bistrica ob Sotli, Bled, Bloke, Bohinj, Borovnica, Bovec, Braslovce, Brda, Brezice, Brezovica, Cankova, Cerklje na Gorenjskem, Cerknica, Cerkno, Cerkvenjak, Cirkulane, Crensovci, Crna na Koroskem, Crnomelj, Destrnik, Divaca, Dobje, Dobrepolje, Dobrna, Dobrova-Polhov Gradec, Dobrovnik/Dobronak, Dolenjske Toplice, Dol pri Ljubljani, Domzale, Dornava, Dravograd, Duplek, Gorenja Vas-Poljane, Gorisnica, Gorje, Gornja Radgona, Gornji Grad, Gornji Petrovci, Grad, Grosuplje, Hajdina, Hoce-Slivnica, Hodos, Horjul, Hrastnik, Hrpelje-Kozina, Idrija, Ig, Ilirska Bistrica, Ivancna Gorica, Izola/Isola, Jesenice, Jezersko, Jursinci, Kamnik, Kanal, Kidricevo, Kobarid, Kobilje, Kocevje, Komen, Komenda, Kosanjevica na Krki, Kostel, Kozje, Kranjska Gora, Krizevci, Krsko, Kungota, Kuzma, Lasko, Lenart, Lendava/Lendva, Litija, Ljubno, Ljutomer, Log-Dragomer, Logatec, Loska Dolina, Loski Potok, Lovrenc na Pohorju, Luce, Lukovica, Majsperk, Makole, Markovci, Medvode, Menges, Metlika, Mezica, Miklavz na Dravskem Polju, Miren-Kostanjevica, Mirna, Mirna Pec, Mislinja, Mokronog-Trebelno, Moravce, Moravske Toplice, Mozirje, Muta, Naklo, Nazarje, Odranci, Oplotnica, Ormoz, Osilnica, Pesnica, Piran/Pirano, Pivka, Podcetrtek, Podlehnik, Podvelka, Poljcane, Polzela, Postojna, Prebold, Preddvor, Prevalje, Puconci, Race-Fram, Radece, Radenci, Radlje ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne na Koroskem, Razkrizje, Recica ob Savinji, Rence-Vogrsko, Ribnica, Ribnica na Pohorju, Rogaska Slatina, Rogasovci, Rogatec, Ruse, Selnica ob Dravi, Semic, Sevnica, Sezana, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice, Sodrazica, Solcava, Sredisce ob Dravi, Starse, Straza, Sveta Ana, Sveta Trojica v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Andraz v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Jurij ob Scavnici, Sveti Jurij v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Tomaz, Salovci, Sempeter-Vrtojba, Sencur, Sentilj, Sentjernej, Sentjur, Sentrupert, Skocjan, Skofja Loka, Skofljica, Smarje pri Jelsah, Smarjeske Toplice, Smartno ob Paki, Smartno pr", - "urban_municipalities": "Celje, Koper-Capodistria, Kranj, Ljubljana, Maribor, Murska Sobota, Nova Gorica, Novo Mesto, Ptuj, Slovenj Gradec, Velenje" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day/Statehood Day, 25 June (1991)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "adopted 23 December 1991; amended 14 July 1997 and 25 July 2000" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age, 16 if employed; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Borut PAHOR (since 22 December 2012)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Alenka BRATUSEK (since 20 March 2013)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister and elected by the National Assembly", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 11 November and a runoff on 2 December 2012 (next presidential election to be held in 2017); following National Assembly elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition usually nominated to become prime minister by the president and elected by the National Assembly", - "election_results": "Borut PAHOR elected president; percent of vote - Borut PAHOR 67.4%, Danilo TURK 32.6%; on February 27, 2013 a no-confidence vote in Parliament resulted in Alenka BRATUSEK becoming prime minister designate; BRATUSEK became prime minister (Slovenia's first female prime minister) on 20 March 2013 after her cabinet was approved" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of a National Council or Drzavni Svet (40 seats; members indirectly elected by an electoral college to serve five-year terms; note - this is primarily an advisory body with limited legislative powers; it may propose laws, ask to review any National Assembly decision, and call national referenda) and the National Assembly or Drzavni Zbor (90 seats; 88 members are elected on a proportional basis and 2 are elected by the Italian and Hungarian minorities through a majoritarian, preferential system; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "National Assembly - last held on 4 December 2011 (next to be held in 2015)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - PS 28.6%, SDS 26.2%, SD 10.5%, LGV 8.4%, DeSUS 7%, SLS 6.9%, NSi 4.8%, other 7.6%; seats by party - PS 28, SDS 26, SD 10, LGV 8, DeSUS 6, SLS 6, NSi 4, Hungarian minority 1, Italian minority 1" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 37 judges organized into 7 departments - civil, criminal, commercial, labor and social security, administrative, registry, and international cooperation); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 7 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court president and vice president appointed by the National Assembly upon the proposal of the Minister of Justice based on the opinions of the Judicial Council, an 11-member independent body elected by the National Assembly from proposals submitted by the president, attorneys, law universities, and sitting judges; other Supreme Court judges elected by the National Assembly from candidates proposed by the Judicial Council; Supreme Court judge term NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Assembly from nominations by the president of the republic; Constitutional Court president selected from among their own for a 3-year term; other judges elected for single 9-year terms", - "subordinate_courts": "county, district, regional, and high courts; specialized labor-related and social courts; Court of Audit; Administrative Court" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Civic List or DL [Gregor VIRANT] (formerly LGV); Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia or DeSUS [Karl ERJAVEC]; New Slovenia or NSi [Ljudmila NOVAK]; Positive Slovenia or PS [Alenka BRATUSEK (interim)]; Slovene People's Party or SLS [Radovan ZERJAV]; Slovenian Democratic Party or SDS [Janez JANSA]; Social Democrats or SD [Igor LUKSIC] (formerly ZLSD)" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Slovenian Roma Association [Jozek Horvat MUC]; various trade and public sector employee unions; ", - "other": "Catholic Church" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Roman KIRN", - "chancery": "2410 California Street N.W., Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 386-6601", - "fax": "[1] (202) 386-6633", - "consulates_general": "Cleveland, New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Joseph A. MUSSOMELI", - "embassy": "Presernova 31, 1000 Ljubljana", - "mailing_address": "American Embassy Ljubljana, US Department of State, 7140 Ljubljana Place, Washington, DC 20521-7140", - "telephone": "[386] (1) 200-5500", - "fax": "[386] (1) 200-5555" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red, derive from the medieval coat of arms of the Duchy of Carniola; the Slovenian seal (a shield with the image of Triglav, Slovenia's highest peak, in white against a blue background at the center; beneath it are two wavy blue lines depicting seas and rivers, and above it are three six-pointed stars arranged in an inverted triangle, which are taken from the coat of arms of the Counts of Celje, the great Slovene dynastic house of the late 14th and early 15th centuries) appears in the upper hoist side of the flag centered on the white and blue bands" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Mount Triglav" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Zdravljica\" (A Toast)", - "lyrics_music": "France PRESEREN/Stanko PREMRL", - "note": "adopted 1989; the anthem was originally written in 1848; the full poem, whose seventh verse is used as the anthem, speaks of pan-Slavic nationalism" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Slovenia became the first 2004 European Union entrant to adopt the euro (on 1 January 2007) and has experienced one of the most stable political and economic transitions in Central and Southeastern Europe. With the highest per capita GDP in Central Europe, Slovenia has excellent infrastructure, a well-educated work force, and a strategic location between the Balkans and Western Europe. Privatization has lagged since 2002, and the economy has one of the highest levels of state control in the EU. Structural reforms to improve the business environment have allowed for somewhat greater foreign participation in Slovenia's economy and helped to lower unemployment. In March 2004, Slovenia became the first transition country to graduate from borrower status to donor partner at the World Bank. In 2007, Slovenia was invited to begin the process for joining the OECD; it became a member in 2012. Despite its economic success, foreign direct investment (FDI) in Slovenia has lagged behind the region average, and taxes remain relatively high. Furthermore, the labor market is often seen as inflexible, and legacy industries are losing sales to more competitive firms in China, India, and elsewhere. In 2009, the global recession caused the economy to contract - through falling exports and industrial production - by 8%, and unemployment to rise. Although growth resumed in 2010, it dipped into negative territory in 2012 and the unemployment rate continued to rise, approaching 12% in 2012." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$58.91 billion (2012 est.); $60.32 billion (2011 est.); $59.96 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$45.62 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "-2.3% (2012 est.); 0.6% (2011 est.); 1.2% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$28,700 (2012 est.); $29,400 (2011 est.); $29,300 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "18.3% of GDP (2012 est.); 19.1% of GDP (2011 est.); 20.2% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "58.3%", - "government_consumption": "20.6%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "17.4%", - "investment_in_inventories": "-0.3%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "75%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-71% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "2.7%", - "industry": "27.7%", - "services": "69.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "potatoes, hops, wheat, sugar beets, corn, grapes; cattle, sheep, poultry" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "ferrous metallurgy and aluminum products, lead and zinc smelting; electronics (including military electronics), trucks, automobiles, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "920,200 (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "2.2%", - "industry": "35%", - "services": "62.8% (2009)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "12% (2012 est.); 11.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "13.6% (2011)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.9%", - "highest_10%": "19.8% (2011)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "23.8 (2011); 23.8 (2004)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$20.06 billion", - "expenditures": "$21.86 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "44% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-3.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "53.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 41.9% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the subsectors: central government, state government, local government, and social security funds" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.6% (2012 est.); 1.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "1.5% (31 December 2012); 1.75% (31 December 2011)", - "note": "this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "5.73% (31 December 2012 est.); 5.82% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$16.03 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $16.12 billion (31 December 2010 est.)", - "note": "see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$26.52 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $25.62 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$49.34 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $48.54 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$6.326 billion (31 December 2011); $9.428 billion (31 December 2010); $11.77 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$297.6 million (2012 est.); $2.505 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$27.58 billion (2012 est.); $29.59 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 20%, Italy 12%, Austria 7.9%, Croatia 6.2%, France 4.8%, Russia 4.6% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$28.01 billion (2012 est.); $31.05 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, food" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Italy 16.3%, Germany 16.2%, Austria 10.4%, Croatia 4.8%, Hungary 4% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$951.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $991.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$53.88 billion (31 December 2012); $52.07 billion (31 December 2011)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$17.36 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $16.71 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$9.755 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $9.405 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -; 0.7778 (2012 est.); 0.7185 (2011 est.); 0.755 (2010 est.); 0.7198 (2009 est.); 0.6827 (2008 est.)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "15.61 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "11.6 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "10.14 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "8.014 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "3.4 million kW (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "42.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "21.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "34.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "1.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "5 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "NA bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "52,930 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "11,500 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "60,270 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "7 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "1.06 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "1.053 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "NA cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "17.42 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "872,800 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "2.168 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "well-developed telecommunications infrastructure", - "domestic": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 150 telephones per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 386 (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "public TV broadcaster, Radiotelevizija Slovenija (RTV), operates a system of national and regional TV stations; 35 domestic commercial TV stations operating nationally, regionally, and locally; about 60% of households are connected to multi-channel cable TV; public radio broadcaster operates 3 national and 4 regional stations; more than 75 regional and local commercial and non-commercial radio stations (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".si" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "415,581 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "1.298 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "16 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "7", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "3", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "9", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "3", - "under_914_m": "5 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 844 km; oil 5 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "1,228 km", - "standard_gauge": "1,228 km 1.435-m gauge (503 km electrified) (2007)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "38,925 km", - "paved": "38,925 km (includes 658 km of expressways) (2008)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "(there is some transport on the Drava River) (2012)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "registered_in_other_countries": "24 (Cyprus 5, Liberia 7, Malta 4, Marshall Islands 6, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Slovakia 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Koper" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Slovenian Armed Forces (Slovenska Vojska, SV): Forces Command (with ground units, naval element, air and air defense brigade); Administration for Civil Protection and Disaster Relief (ACPDR) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2003 (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "477,592", - "females_age_16_49": "464,301 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "392,075", - "females_age_16_49": "380,077 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "9,818", - "female": "9,395 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.7% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "since the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, Croatia and Slovenia have each claimed sovereignty over Pirin Bay and four villages, and Slovenia has objected to Croatia's claim of an exclusive economic zone in the Adriatic Sea; in 2009, however Croatia and Slovenia signed a binding international arbitration agreement to define their disputed land and maritime borders, which led to Slovenia lifting its objections to Croatia joining the EU; Slovenia continues to impose a hard border Schengen regime with Croatia, which joined the EU in 2013 but has not yet fulfilled Schengen requirements; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Slovenia has implemented the strict Schengen border rules to curb illegal migration and commerce through southeastern Europe while encouraging close cross-border ties with Croatia" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "minor transit point for cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe, and for precursor chemicals" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/sk-slovakia.json b/europe/sk-slovakia.json deleted file mode 100644 index be8d465c..00000000 --- a/europe/sk-slovakia.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,620 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Slovakia's roots can be traced to the 9th century state of Great Moravia. Subsequently, the Slovaks became part of the Hungarian Kingdom, where they remained for the next 1,000 years. Following the formation of the dual Austro-Hungarian monarchy in 1867, language and education policies favoring the use of Hungarian (Magyarization) resulted in a strengthening of Slovak nationalism and a cultivation of cultural ties with the closely related Czechs, who were under Austrian rule. After the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the close of World War I, the Slovaks joined the Czechs to form Czechoslovakia. During the interwar period, Slovak nationalist leaders pushed for autonomy within Czechoslovakia, and in 1939 Slovakia became an independent state allied with Nazi Germany. Following World War II, Czechoslovakia was reconstituted and came under communist rule within Soviet-dominated Eastern Europe. In 1968, an invasion by Warsaw Pact troops ended the efforts of the country's leaders to liberalize communist rule and create \"socialism with a human face,\" ushering in a period of repression known as \"normalization.\" The peaceful \"Velvet Revolution\" swept the Communist Party from power at the end of 1989 and inaugurated a return to democratic rule and a market economy. On 1 January 1993, the country underwent a nonviolent \"velvet divorce\" into its two national components, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Slovakia joined both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004 and the euro zone on 1 January 2009." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Central Europe, south of Poland" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "48 40 N, 19 30 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "49,035 sq km", - "land": "48,105 sq km", - "water": "930 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "about twice the size of New Hampshire" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,474 km", - "border_countries": "Austria 91 km, Czech Republic 197 km, Hungary 676 km, Poland 420 km, Ukraine 90 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "rugged mountains in the central and northern part and lowlands in the south" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Bodrok River 94 m", - "highest_point": "Gerlachovsky Stit 2,655 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "brown coal and lignite; small amounts of iron ore, copper and manganese ore; salt; arable land" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "28.36%", - "permanent_crops": "0.41%", - "other": "71.22% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "1,720 sq km (2007)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "50.1 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.69 cu km/yr (47%/51%/3%)", - "per_capita": "126.7 cu m/yr (2010)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "air pollution from metallurgical plants presents human health risks; acid rain damaging forests" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; most of the country is rugged and mountainous; the Tatra Mountains in the north are interspersed with many scenic lakes and valleys" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Slovak(s)", - "adjective": "Slovak" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Slovak 85.8%, Hungarian 9.7%, Roma 1.7%, Ruthenian/Ukrainian 1%, other and unspecified 1.8% (2001 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Slovak (official) 83.9%, Hungarian 10.7%, Roma 1.8%, Ukrainian 1%, other or unspecified 2.6% (2001 census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 68.9%, Protestant 10.8%, Greek Catholic 4.1%, other or unspecified 3.2%, none 13% (2001 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "5,488,339 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "15.5% (male 435,635/female 416,223)", - "15_24_years": "12.6% (male 354,390/female 338,536)", - "25_54_years": "45.1% (male 1,246,625/female 1,229,929)", - "55_64_years": "13.3% (male 344,605/female 384,967)", - "65_years_and_over": "13.4% (male 278,659/female 458,770) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "38.9 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "20.9 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "18 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "5.6 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "38.4 years", - "male": "36.9 years", - "female": "39.9 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.09% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "10.27 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "9.69 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "54.7% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.06% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "BRATISLAVA (capital) 428,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.89 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.6 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.94 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "27.3 (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "6 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "6.35 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "7.4 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "5.24 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "76.24 years", - "male": "72.36 years", - "female": "80.31 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.39 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "79.8%", - "note": "percent of women aged 15-44 (1997)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "8.8% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "3 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "6.5 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 99% of population; total: 100% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 1% of population; total: 0% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "less than 0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "fewer than 500 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "25.4% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "4.1% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99.6%", - "male": "99.7%", - "female": "99.6% (2004)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "15 years", - "male": "14 years", - "female": "15 years (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "33.2%", - "male": "33%", - "female": "33.6% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Slovak Republic", - "conventional_short_form": "Slovakia", - "local_long_form": "Slovenska republika", - "local_short_form": "Slovensko" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary democracy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Bratislava", - "geographic_coordinates": "48 09 N, 17 07 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "8 regions (kraje, singular - kraj); Banskobystricky, Bratislavsky, Kosicky, Nitriansky, Presovsky, Trenciansky, Trnavsky, Zilinsky" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Constitution Day, 1 September (1992)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "ratified 1 September 1992, effective 1 January 1993; changed September 1998; amended February 2001", - "note": "the change in September 1998 allowed direct election of the president; the amendment of February 2001 allowed Slovakia to apply for NATO and EU membership" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes; note - legal code modified to comply with the obligations of Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe and to expunge Marxist-Leninist legal system" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Ivan GASPAROVIC (since 15 June 2004)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Robert FICO (since 4 April 2012); Deputy Prime Ministers Robert KALINAK, Peter KAZIMIR, Miroslav LAJCAK (since 4 April 2012), Lubomir VAZNY (since 26 November 2012)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 21 March and 4 April 2009 (next to be held no later than April 2014); following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president", - "election_results": "Ivan GASPAROVIC reelected president in runoff; percent of vote - Ivan GASPAROVIC 55.5%, Iveta RADICOVA 44.5%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Council of the Slovak Republic or Narodna Rada Slovenskej Republiky (150 seats; members elected on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 10 March 2012 (next to be held in 2016)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - Smer-SD 44.4%, KDH 8.8%, OLaNO 8.6%, Most-Hid 6.9%, SDKU-DS 6.1%, SaS 5.9%, other 19.3%; seats by party - Smer-SD 83, KDH 16, OLaNO 16, Most-Hid 13, SDKU-DS 11, SaS 11" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of the Slovak Republic (consists of 78 judges - as of 2003 - organized into criminal, civil, commercial, and administrative divisions with 3- and 5-judge panels; Constitutional Court (consists of 13 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judge candidates proposed by the Judicial Council of the Slovak Republic, a 17-member independent body to include the Supreme Court chief justice and presidential and governmental appointees; judges appointed by the president for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; Constitutional Court judges nominated by the National Council of the Republic and appointed by the president; judges appointed for 12-year terms", - "subordinate_courts": "regional and district civil courts; Higher Military Court; military district courts; Court of Audit" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "parties_in_the_parliament": "Bridge or Most-Hid [Bela BUGAR]; Christian Democratic Movement or KDH [Jan FIGEL]; Direction-Social Democracy or Smer-SD [Robert FICO]; Freedom and Solidarity or SaS [Richard SULIK]; Ordinary People and Independent Personalities or OLaNO [Igor MATOVIC]; Slovak Democratic and Christian Union-Democratic Party or SDKU-DS [Pavol FRESO]", - "selected_parties_outside_the_parliament": "Civic Conservative Party or OKS [Ondrej DOSTAL]; Nation and Justice - Our Party or NAS [Anna BELOUSOVOVA]; Party of the Democratic Left or SDL [Jozef DURICA]; Party of the Hungarian Coalition or SMK [Jozsef BERENYI]; People's Party - Movement for a Democratic Slovakia or LS-HZDS [Vladimir MECIAR]; People's Party - Our Slovakia or LSNS [Marian KOTLEBA]; Slovak National Party or SNS [Andrej DANKO]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Association of Towns and Villages or ZMOS; Confederation of Trade Unions or KOZ; Entrepreneurs Association of Slovakia or ZPS; Federation of Employers' Associations of the Slovak Republic; Medical Trade Association or LOZ; National Union of Employers or RUZ; Slovak Chamber of Commerce and Industry or SOPK; The Business Alliance of Slovakia or PAS" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Peter KMEC", - "chancery": "3523 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 237-1054", - "fax": "[1] (202) 237-6438", - "consulates_general": "Los Angeles, New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Theodore SEDGWICK", - "embassy": "Hviezdoslavovo Namestie 4, 81102 Bratislava", - "mailing_address": "P.O. Box 309, 814 99 Bratislava", - "telephone": "[421] (2) 5443-3338", - "fax": "[421] (2) 5441-8861" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red derive from the Pan-Slav colors; the Slovakian coat of arms (consisting of a red shield bordered in white and bearing a white double-barred cross of St. Cyril and St. Methodius surmounting three blue hills) is centered over the bands but offset slightly to the hoist side", - "note": "the Pan-Slav colors were inspired by the 19th-century flag of Russia" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "double-barred cross (Cross of St. Cyril and St. Methodius) surmounting three peaks" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Nad Tatrou sa blyska\" (Lightning Over the Tatras)", - "lyrics_music": "Janko MATUSKA/traditional", - "note": "adopted 1993, in use since 1844; the anthem's music is based on the Slovak folk song \"Kopala studienku\"" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Slovakia has made significant economic reforms since its separation from the Czech Republic in 1993. Reforms to the taxation, healthcare, pension, and social welfare systems helped Slovakia consolidate its budget and get on track to join the EU in 2004 after a period of relative stagnation in the early and mid 1990s and to adopt the euro in January 2009. Major privatizations are nearly complete, the banking sector is almost entirely in foreign hands, and the government has helped facilitate a foreign investment boom with business friendly policies. Slovakia's economic growth exceeded expectations in 2001-08 despite a general European slowdown. Foreign direct investment (FDI), especially in the automotive and electronic sectors, fueled much of the growth until 2008. Cheap and skilled labor, low taxes, no dividend taxes, a relatively liberal labor code, and a favorable geographical location are Slovakia's main advantages for foreign investors. The economy contracted 5% in 2009 primarily as a result of smaller inflows of FDI and reduced demand for Slovakia''s exports before rebounding in 2010-11, but growth slowed in 2012 due to weakening external demand. The government of Prime Minister Robert FICO in 2012 implemented tax increases on higher-earning individuals and corporations, effectively scrapping Slovakia''s flat tax to help meet budget deficit targets of 4.9% of GDP in 2012 and 3% of GDP in 2013." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$134.1 billion (2012 est.); $131.4 billion (2011 est.); $127.3 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$91.92 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "2% (2012 est.); 3.2% (2011 est.); 4.4% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$24,600 (2012 est.); $24,200 (2011 est.); $23,500 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "23% of GDP (2012 est.); 23.9% of GDP (2011 est.); 19.1% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "57.3%", - "government_consumption": "17.6%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "21.5%", - "investment_in_inventories": "-0.8%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "95.6%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-90.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "3.8%", - "industry": "37%", - "services": "59.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "grains, potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit; pigs, cattle, poultry; forest products" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "metal and metal products; food and beverages; electricity, gas, coke, oil, nuclear fuel; chemicals and manmade fibers; machinery; paper and printing; earthenware and ceramics; transport vehicles; textiles; electrical and optical apparatus; rubber products" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "6.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "2.724 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "3.5%", - "industry": "27%", - "services": "69.4% (December 2009)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "13.6% (2012 est.); 13.2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "21% (2002)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "4.4%", - "highest_10%": "22.4% (2009 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "26 (2005); 26.3 (1996)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$30.41 billion", - "expenditures": "$34.4 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "33.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-4.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "52.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 43.3% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover general Government Gross Debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by Government entities, including sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government, and social security funds." - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "3.6% (2012 est.); 3.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "1.75% (31 December 2011 est.); 1.75% (31 December 2010 est.)", - "note": "this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks from the euro area; Slovakia became a member of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) on 1 January 2009" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "3.47% (31 December 2012 est.); 3.91% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$37.14 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $34.64 billion (31 December 2011 est.)", - "note": "see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$52.73 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $52.99 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$68.47 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $68.04 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$4.736 billion (31 December 2011); $4.15 billion (31 December 2010); $4.672 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$535.2 million (2012 est.); $52.86 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$80.67 billion (2012 est.); $78.5 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and electrical equipment 35.9%, vehicles 21%, base metals 11.3%, chemicals and minerals 8.1%, plastics 4.9% (2009 est.)" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 22.4%, Czech Republic 14.6%, Poland 8.6%, Hungary 7.8%, Austria 7.1%, France 5.6%, Italy 4.9%, UK 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$75.99 billion (2012 est.); $75.1 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and transport equipment 31%, mineral products 13%, vehicles 12%, base metals 9%, chemicals 8%, plastics 6% (2009 est.)" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 18.5%, Czech Republic 17.9%, Russia 9.9%, Austria 7.7%, Hungary 7.2%, Poland 6%, South Korea 4.3% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$2.519 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.462 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$68.44 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $68.61 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$61.49 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $58.69 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$11.54 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $11.61 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -; 0.7778 (2012 est.); 0.7185 (2011 est.); 0.755 (2010 est.); 0.7198 (2009 est.); 0.6827 (2008 est.)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "27.7 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "28.76 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "10.5 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "10.9 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "7.155 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "37.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "25.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "22% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "2.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "5,781 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "300 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "114,100 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "9 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "136,100 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "83,910 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "78,640 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "25,630 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "116 million cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "6.468 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "7 million cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "6.743 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "14.16 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "34.54 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "1.056 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "5.983 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "Slovakia has a modern telecommunications system that has expanded dramatically in recent years with the growth in cellular services", - "domestic": "analog system is now receiving digital equipment and is being enlarged with fiber-optic cable, especially in the larger cities; 3 companies provide nationwide cellular services", - "international": "country code - 421; 3 international exchanges (1 in Bratislava and 2 in Banska Bystrica) are available; Slovakia is participating in several international telecommunications projects that will increase the availability of external services (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-owned public broadcaster, Radio and Television of Slovakia (RTVS), operates 3 national TV stations and multiple national and regional radio networks; roughly 35 privately owned TV stations operating nationally, regionally, and locally; about 40% of households are connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV; more than 20 privately owned radio stations (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".sk" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "1.384 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "4.063 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "35 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "21", - "over_3_047_m": "2", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", - "914_to_1_523_m": "3", - "under_914_m": "11 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "14", - "914_to_1_523_m": "9", - "under_914_m": "5 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 6,774 km; oil 419 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "3,622 km", - "broad_gauge": "99 km 1.520-m gauge", - "standard_gauge": "3,473 km 1.435-m gauge (1,615 km electrified)", - "narrow_gauge": "50 km 1.000-m or 0.750-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "43,761 km", - "paved": "38,085 km (includes 384 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "5,676 km (2008)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "172 km (on Danube River) (2009)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "11", - "by_type": "cargo 9, refrigerated cargo 2", - "foreign_owned": "11 (Germany 3, Ireland 1, Italy 2, Montenegro 1, Slovenia 1, Turkey 1, Ukraine 2) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Bratislava, Komarno" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic (Ozbrojene Sily Slovenskej Republiky): Land Forces (Pozemne Sily), Air Forces (Vzdusne Sily) (2010)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription in peacetime suspended in 2006; women are eligible to serve (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,405,310", - "females_age_16_49": "1,369,897 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,156,113", - "females_age_16_49": "1,139,380 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "31,646", - "female": "30,219 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.08% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "bilateral government, legal, technical and economic working group negotiations continued in 2006 between Slovakia and Hungary over Hungary's completion of its portion of the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros hydroelectric dam project along the Danube; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Slovakia has implemented the strict Schengen border rules" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "stateless_persons": "1,523 (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe; producer of synthetic drugs for regional market; consumer of ecstasy" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/sm-san-marino.json b/europe/sm-san-marino.json deleted file mode 100644 index 8bc79180..00000000 --- a/europe/sm-san-marino.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,407 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Geographically the third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco), San Marino also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marinus in A.D. 301. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of the European Union, although it is not a member; social and political trends in the republic track closely with those of its larger neighbor, Italy." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "43 46 N, 12 25 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "61 sq km", - "land": "61 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "about one third times the size of Washington, DC" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "39 km", - "border_countries": "Italy 39 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "rugged mountains" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Torrente Ausa 55 m", - "highest_point": "Monte Titano 755 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "building stone" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "16.67%", - "permanent_crops": "0%", - "other": "83.33% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "air pollution; urbanization decreasing rural farmlands" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Air Pollution" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Sammarinese (singular and plural)", - "adjective": "Sammarinese" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Sammarinese, Italian" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Italian" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic" - }, - "population": { - "text": "32,448 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "16.2% (male 2,799/female 2,461)", - "15_24_years": "10.6% (male 1,749/female 1,679)", - "25_54_years": "42.8% (male 6,575/female 7,327)", - "55_64_years": "11.8% (male 1,926/female 1,919)", - "65_years_and_over": "18.5% (male 2,680/female 3,333) (2013 est.)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "43.2 years", - "male": "42.3 years", - "female": "44 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.93% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "8.78 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "8.17 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "8.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "94% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.1 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.14 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.9 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.8 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.94 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "4.58 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "4.77 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "4.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "83.12 years", - "male": "80.59 years", - "female": "85.88 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.48 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "7.1% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 10 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "96%", - "male": "97%", - "female": "95%" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of San Marino", - "conventional_short_form": "San Marino", - "local_long_form": "Repubblica di San Marino", - "local_short_form": "San Marino" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "San Marino", - "geographic_coordinates": "43 56 N, 12 25 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "3 September 301" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Founding of the Republic, 3 September (A.D. 301)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system with Italian civil law influences" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "Co-chiefs of State Captain Regent Antonella MULARONI and Captain Regent Denis AMICI (for the period 1 April-31 October 2013)", - "head_of_government": "Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Pasquale VALENTINI (since 5 December 2012)", - "cabinet": "Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term", - "elections": "co-chiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Grand and General Council for a six-month term; election last held on 17 Septermber 2012 (next to be held in March 2013); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Grand and General Council for a five-year term; election last held on 11 November 2012 (next to be held by November 2017)", - "election_results": "Antonella MULARONI and Denis AMICI elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA; Pasquale VALENTINI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA", - "note": "the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the captains regent (co-chiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has nine other members, all are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are nine secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some prime ministerial roles" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 11 November 2012 (next to be held by November 2017)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - San Marino Common Good coalition (San Marino Bene Comune) 50.7% (PDCS 29.5%, PSD 14.3%, AP 6.7%), Entente for the Country coalition (Intesa per Il Paese) 22.3% (PS 12.1%, UPR 8.4%, USDM 1.7%), Active Citizenry coalition (Cittadinanza Attiva) 16.1% (SU 9.1%, Civic 10 6.7%), Civic Movement R.E.T.E. 6.3%, For San Marino 2.8%, San Marino 3.0 1.8%; seats by party - San Marino Common Good coalition 35 (PDCS 21, PSD 10, AP 4), Entente for the Country coalition 12 (PS 7, UPR 5), Active Citizenry 9 (SU 5, Civic 10 4), Civic Movement R.E.T.E. 4" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII (consists of 12 members) note - the College of Guarantors for the Constitutionality and General Norms functions as San Marino's constitutional court", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges elected by the Grand and General Council from among its own to serve 5-year terms", - "subordinate_courts": "first instance and first appeal criminal, administrative, and civil courts; justices of the peace or conciliatory judges" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "san_marino_common_good": "Christian Democrats or PDCS [Marco GATTI]; Party of Socialists and Democrats or PSD [Gerardo GIOVAGNOLI]; Popular Alliance or AP [Stefano PALMIERI]", - "entente_for_the_country": "Socialist Party or PS [Augusto CASALI]; Union for the Republic or UPR [Giovanni LONFERNINI]; Sammarinese Union of Moderates or USDM [Romeo MORRI and Glauco SANSOVINI]", - "active_citizenship": "United Left or SU [Alessandro ROSSI]; Civic 10 [Mateo CIACCI]", - "other": "Civic Movement R.E.T.E. (Network) [Grazia ZAFFERANI]; For San Marino [Emilio DELLA BALDA]; San Marino 3.0 [Simone DELLA VALLE]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "CE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Paolo RONDELLI", - "chancery": "1711 N Street NW, 2nd floor, Washington, DC 20036", - "telephone": "202-223-2418", - "fax": "202-223-2748" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "text": "the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the ambassador to Italy is accredited to San Marino" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the main colors derive from the shield of the coat of arms, which features three white towers on three peaks on a blue field; the towers represent three castles built on San Marino's highest feature, Mount Titano: Guaita, Cesta, and Montale; the coat of arms is flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty); the white and blue colors are also said to stand for peace and liberty respectively" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "three peaks each displaying a tower" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Inno Nazionale della Repubblica\" (National Anthem of the Republic)", - "lyrics_music": "none/Federico CONSOLO", - "note": "adopted 1894; the music for the lyric-less anthem is based on a 10th century chorale piece" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "San Marino's economy relies heavily on tourism, the banking industry and the manufacture and export of ceramics, clothing, fabrics, furniture, paints, spirits, tiles, and wine. The manufacturing and financial sectors account for more than half of San Marino's GDP. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy. The economy benefits from foreign investment due to its relatively low corporate taxes and low taxes on interest earnings. The income tax rate is also very low, about one-third the average EU level. San Marino does not issue public debt securities; when necessary, it finances deficits by drawing down central bank deposits. San Marino''s economy has encountered five years of GDP contraction, largely due to weakened demand from Italy - which accounts for 90% of its export market - and financial sector consolidation. Difficulties in the banking sector, the recent global economic downturn, and the sizeable decline in tax revenues have contributed to negative real GDP growth. The government has adopted measures to counter the economic downturn, including subsidized credit to businesses. For the first time since 2009, there were signs of improvements in the financial sector in the third quarter of 2012. San Marino continues to work towards harmonizing its fiscal laws with EU and international standards. In September 2009, the OECD removed San Marino from its list of tax havens that have yet to fully adopt global tax standards, and in 2010 San Marino signed Tax Information Exchange Agreements with most major countries. San Marino's Government continues to work with Italy to ratify a financial information exchange agreement, seen by businesses and investors as crucial to strengthening the economic relationship between the two countries." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$1.371 billion (2012 est.); $1.429 billion (2011 est.); $1.465 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$1.855 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "-4% (2012 est.); -2.5% (2011 est.); -7.5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$36,200 (2009); $41,900 (2007)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "0.1%", - "industry": "39.2%", - "services": "60.7% (2009)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "21,830 (December 2012)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "0.1%", - "industry": "34.4%", - "services": "65.5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "7% (2012); 5.5% (2011)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$667.7 million", - "expenditures": "$694.7 million (2011)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "36% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-1.5% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.5% (2012); 3.1% (December 2011)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "5.92% (31 December 2011 est.); 5.38% (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "; $1.326 billion (31 December 2007)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$4.584 billion (31 December 2007)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$8.822 billion (30 September 2010); $8.008 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$3.827 billion (2011 est.); $2.576 billion (2010 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$2.551 billion (2011 est.); $2.132 billion (2010 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "wide variety of consumer manufactures, food, energy" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -; 0.7778 (2012 est.); 0.7185 (2011 est.); 0.755 (2010 est.); 0.7198 (2009 est.); 0.6827 (2008 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "18,700 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "35,500 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system", - "domestic": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity 170 telephones per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 378; connected to Italian international network (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-owned public broadcaster operates 1 TV station and 3 radio stations; receives radio and TV broadcasts from Italy (2012)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".sm" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "11,015 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "17,000 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "roadways": { - "total": "292 km", - "paved": "292 km (2006)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "no regular military forces; voluntary Military Corps (Corpi Militari) performs ceremonial duties and limited police support functions (2010)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription; government has the authority to call up all San Marino citizens from 16-60 years of age to service in the military (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "6,892 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "5,565", - "females_age_16_49": "6,067 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "186", - "female": "166 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "military_note": { - "text": "defense is the responsibility of Italy" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/tr-turkey.json b/europe/tr-turkey.json deleted file mode 100644 index b3d6bca8..00000000 --- a/europe/tr-turkey.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,636 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the Anatolian remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk or \"Father of the Turks.\" Under his authoritarian leadership, the country adopted wide-ranging social, legal, and political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950 election victory of the opposition Democratic Party and the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, but democracy has been fractured by periods of instability and intermittent military coups (1960, 1971, 1980), which in each case eventually resulted in a return of political power to civilians. In 1997, the military again helped engineer the ouster - popularly dubbed a \"post-modern coup\" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus,\" which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist insurgency begun in 1984 by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) - now known as the Kurdistan People's Congress or Kongra-Gel (KGK) - has dominated the Turkish military's attention and claimed more than 30,000 lives. After the capture of the group's leader in 1999, the insurgents largely withdrew from Turkey mainly to northern Iraq. In 2004, KGK announced an end to its ceasefire and attacks attributed to the KGK increased. Turkey joined the UN in 1945 and in 1952 it became a member of NATO. In 1964, Turkey became an associate member of the European Community. Over the past decade, it has undertaken many reforms to strengthen its democracy and economy; it began accession membership talks with the European Union in 2005." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southeastern Europe and Southwestern Asia (that portion of Turkey west of the Bosporus is geographically part of Europe), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "39 00 N, 35 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Middle East" - }, - "area": { - "total": "783,562 sq km", - "land": "769,632 sq km", - "water": "13,930 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than Texas" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "2,648 km", - "border_countries": "Armenia 268 km, Azerbaijan 9 km, Bulgaria 240 km, Georgia 252 km, Greece 206 km, Iran 499 km, Iraq 352 km, Syria 822 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "7,200 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "6 nm in the Aegean Sea; 12 nm in Black Sea and in Mediterranean Sea", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "in Black Sea only: to the maritime boundary agreed upon with the former USSR" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "high central plateau (Anatolia); narrow coastal plain; several mountain ranges" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Mediterranean Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Mount Ararat 5,166 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "coal, iron ore, copper, chromium, antimony, mercury, gold, barite, borate, celestite (strontium), emery, feldspar, limestone, magnesite, marble, perlite, pumice, pyrites (sulfur), clay, arable land, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "26.21%", - "permanent_crops": "3.94%", - "other": "69.84% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "53,400 sq km (2012)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "211.6 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "40.1 cu km/yr (14%/10%/76%)", - "per_capita": "572.9 cu m/yr (2008)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "severe earthquakes, especially in northern Turkey, along an arc extending from the Sea of Marmara to Lake Van", - "volcanism": "limited volcanic activity; its three historically active volcanoes; Ararat, Nemrut Dagi, and Tendurek Dagi have not erupted since the 19th century or earlier" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "water pollution from dumping of chemicals and detergents; air pollution, particularly in urban areas; deforestation; concern for oil spills from increasing Bosporus ship traffic" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Environmental Modification" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location controlling the Turkish Straits (Bosporus, Sea of Marmara, Dardanelles) that link Black and Aegean Seas; Mount Ararat, the legendary landing place of Noah's ark, is in the far eastern portion of the country" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Turk(s)", - "adjective": "Turkish" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Turkish 70-75%, Kurdish 18%, other minorities 7-12% (2008 est.)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Turkish (official), Kurdish, other minority languages" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni), other 0.2% (mostly Christians and Jews)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "80,694,485 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "25.9% (male 10,682,900/female 10,201,965)", - "15_24_years": "17% (male 6,979,955/female 6,703,689)", - "25_54_years": "42.7% (male 17,375,544/female 17,097,927)", - "55_64_years": "7.9% (male 3,189,731/female 3,169,450)", - "65_years_and_over": "6.6% (male 2,422,983/female 2,870,341) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "49.3 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "38.3 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "11 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "9.1 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "29.2 years", - "male": "28.8 years", - "female": "29.6 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.16% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "17.22 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "6.11 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "71.5% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "Istanbul 10.378 million; ANKARA (capital) 3.846 million; Izmir 2.679 million; Bursa 1.559 million; Adana 1.339 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.84 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.02 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "22.9 (2003 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "20 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "22.23 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "23.29 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "21.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "73.03 years", - "male": "71.09 years", - "female": "75.07 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.1 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "73% (2008)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "6.7% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.45 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "2.5 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 99% of population; total: 100% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 1% of population; total: 0% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 97% of population; rural: 75% of population; total: 90% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 3% of population; rural: 25% of population; total: 10% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "less than 0.1%; note - no country specific models provided (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "4,600 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 200 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "27.8% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "3.5% (2004)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "2.9% of GDP (2006)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "94.1%", - "male": "97.9%", - "female": "90.3% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "14 years", - "male": "14 years", - "female": "13 years (2010)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "321,866", - "percentage": "3 %", - "note": "data represents children ages 6-14 (2006 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "18.4%", - "male": "17.1%", - "female": "20.7% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Turkey", - "conventional_short_form": "Turkey", - "local_long_form": "Turkiye Cumhuriyeti", - "local_short_form": "Turkiye" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republican parliamentary democracy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Ankara", - "geographic_coordinates": "39 56 N, 32 52 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "81 provinces (iller, singular - ili); Adana, Adiyaman, Afyonkarahisar, Agri, Aksaray, Amasya, Ankara, Antalya, Ardahan, Artvin, Aydin, Balikesir, Bartin, Batman, Bayburt, Bilecik, Bingol, Bitlis, Bolu, Burdur, Bursa, Canakkale, Cankiri, Corum, Denizli, Diyarbakir, Duzce, Edirne, Elazig, Erzincan, Erzurum, Eskisehir, Gaziantep, Giresun, Gumushane, Hakkari, Hatay, Igdir, Isparta, Istanbul, Izmir (Smyrna), Kahramanmaras, Karabuk, Karaman, Kars, Kastamonu, Kayseri, Kilis, Kirikkale, Kirklareli, Kirsehir, Kocaeli, Konya, Kutahya, Malatya, Manisa, Mardin, Mersin, Mugla, Mus, Nevsehir, Nigde, Ordu, Osmaniye, Rize, Sakarya, Samsun, Sanliurfa, Siirt, Sinop, Sirnak, Sivas, Tekirdag, Tokat, Trabzon (Trebizond), Tunceli, Usak, Van, Yalova, Yozgat, Zonguldak" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "29 October 1923 (successor state to the Ottoman Empire)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Republic Day, 29 October (1923)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "7 November 1982; amended several times; note - amendment passed by referendum 21 October 2007 concerning presidential elections" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system based on various European legal systems notably the Swiss civil code; note - member of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), although Turkey claims limited derogations on the ratified European Convention on Human Rights" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Abdullah GUL (since 28 August 2007)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (since 14 March 2003)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the nomination of the prime minister", - "elections": "president elected directly for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president from among members of parliament", - "election_results": "on 28 August 2007 the National Assembly elected Abdullah GUL president on the third ballot; National Assembly vote - 339", - "note": "in October 2007 Turkish voters approved a referendum package of constitutional amendments including a provision for direct presidential elections" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Grand National Assembly of Turkey or Turkiye Buyuk Millet Meclisi (550 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 12 June 2011 (next to be held by June 2015)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - AKP 49.8%, CHP 25.9%, MHP 13%, independents 6.6%, other 4.7%; seats by party - AKP 326, CHP 135, MHP 53, independents 36; note - only parties surpassing the 10% threshold are entitled to parliamentary seats" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Constitutional Court (consists of 17 members); Supreme Court of Appeals organized into 15 divisions with 38 civil and criminal chambers and consisting of 250 high judges and 440 rapporteur judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president from among candidates submitted by plenary assemblies of other courts, the Higher Education Council, senior government administrators, and lawyers; judges appointed for 12-year, non-renewable terms and with mandatory retirement at age 65; Supreme Court of Appeals judges appointed by the Supreme Council of Judges and Public Prosecutors; judge tenure NA", - "subordinate_courts": "Council of State (Danistay); Court of Accounts (Sayistay); Military High Court of Appeals; Military High Administrative Court" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Democratic Left Party or DSP [Masum TURKER]; Democratic Party or DP [Namik Kemal ZEYBEK]; Equality and Democracy Party or EDP [Ziva HALIS]; Felicity Party or SP [Mustafa KAMALAK] (sometimes translated as Contentment Party); Freedom and Solidarity Party or ODP [Alper TAS]; Grand Unity Party or BBP [Yalcin TOPCU]; Justice and Development Party or AKP [Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN]; Nationalist Movement Party or MHP [Devlet BAHCELI]; Peace and Democracy Party or BDP [Selahattin DEMIRTAS]; Republican People's Party or CHP [Kemal KILICDAROGLU]; Turkey Party or TP [Abdullatif SENER]; ", - "note": "the parties listed above are some of the more significant of the 61 parties that Turkey had according to the Ministry of Interior statistics current as of May 2009" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Confederation of Businessmen and Industrialists of Turkey or TUSKON [Rizanur MERAL]; Confederation of Public Sector Unions or KESK [Lami OZGEN]; Confederation of Revolutionary Workers Unions or DISK [Tayfun GORGUN]; Independent Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association or MUSIAD [Omer Cihad VARDAN]; Moral Rights Workers Union or Hak-Is [Mahmut ARSLAN]; Turkish Confederation of Employers' Unions or TISK [Tugrul KUDATGOBILIK]; Turkish Confederation of Labor or Turk-Is [Mustafa KUMLU]; Turkish Confederation of Tradesmen and Craftsmen or TESK [Bendevi PALANDOKEN]; Turkish Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association or TUSIAD [Umit BOYNER]; Turkish Union of Chambers of Commerce and Commodity Exchanges or TOBB [M. Rifat HISARCIKLIOGLU]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CD, CE, CERN (observer), CICA, D-8, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EU (candidate country), FAO, FATF, G-20, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club (associate), PCA, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Namik TAN", - "chancery": "2525 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 612-6700", - "fax": "[1] (202) 612-6744", - "consulates_general": "Chicago, Houston, New York, Newton (MA)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Francis J. RICCIARDONE, Jr.", - "embassy": "110 Ataturk Boulevard, Kavaklidere, 06100 Ankara", - "mailing_address": "PSC 93, Box 5000, APO AE 09823", - "telephone": "[90] (312) 455-5555", - "fax": "[90] (312) 467-0019", - "consulates_general": "Istanbul", - "consulates": "Adana; note - there is a Consular Agent in Izmir" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "red with a vertical white crescent moon (the closed portion is toward the hoist side) and white five-pointed star centered just outside the crescent opening; the flag colors and designs closely resemble those on the banner of the Ottoman Empire, which preceded modern-day Turkey; the crescent moon and star serve as insignia for the Turks, as well as being traditional symbols of Islam; according to legend, the flag represents the reflection of the moon and a star in a pool of blood of Turkish warriors" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "star and crescent" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Istiklal Marsi\" (Independence March)", - "lyrics_music": "Mehmet Akif ERSOY/Zeki UNGOR", - "note": "lyrics adopted 1921, music adopted 1932; the anthem's original music was adopted in 1924; a new composition was agreed upon in 1932" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Turkey's largely free-market economy is increasingly driven by its industry and service sectors, although its traditional agriculture sector still accounts for about 25% of employment. An aggressive privatization program has reduced state involvement in basic industry, banking, transport, and communication, and an emerging cadre of middle-class entrepreneurs is adding dynamism to the economy and expanding production beyond the traditional textiles and clothing sectors. The automotive, construction, and electronics industries, are rising in importance and have surpassed textiles within Turkey's export mix. Oil began to flow through the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline in May 2006, marking a major milestone that will bring up to 1 million barrels per day from the Caspian to market. Several gas pipelines projects also are moving forward to help transport Central Asian gas to Europe through Turkey, which over the long term will help address Turkey's dependence on imported oil and gas to meet 97% of its energy needs. After Turkey experienced a severe financial crisis in 2001, Ankara adopted financial and fiscal reforms as part of an IMF program. The reforms strengthened the country's economic fundamentals and ushered in an era of strong growth - averaging more than 6% annually until 2008. Global economic conditions and tighter fiscal policy caused GDP to contract in 2009, but Turkey's well-regulated financial markets and banking system helped the country weather the global financial crisis and GDP rebounded strongly to 9.2% in 2010, as exports returned to normal levels following the recession. Growth dropped to approximately 3% in 2012. Turkey's public sector debt to GDP ratio has fallen to about 40%, and at least one rating agency upgraded Turkey's debt to investment grade in 2012. Turkey remains dependent on often volatile, short-term investment to finance its large trade deficit. The stock value of FDI stood at $117 billion at year-end 2012. Inflows have slowed because of continuing economic turmoil in Europe, the source of much of Turkey's FDI. Turkey's relatively high current account deficit, uncertainty related to monetary policy-making, and political turmoil within Turkey's neighborhood leave the economy vulnerable to destabilizing shifts in investor confidence." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$1.142 trillion (2012 est.); $1.113 trillion (2011 est.); $1.026 trillion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$794.5 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.6% (2012 est.); 8.5% (2011 est.); 9.2% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$15,200 (2012 est.); $15,000 (2011 est.); $14,000 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "20.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 23.6% of GDP (2011 est.); 19.6% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "70%", - "government_consumption": "14.7%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "20.3%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.1%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "26.4%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-31.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "9.1%", - "industry": "27%", - "services": "63.9% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, sugar beets, hazelnuts, pulses, citrus; livestock" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "textiles, food processing, autos, electronics, mining (coal, chromate, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "27.34 million", - "note": "about 1.2 million Turks work abroad (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "25.5%", - "industry": "26.2%", - "services": "48.4% (2010)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "9.2% (2012 est.); 9.8% (2011 est.)", - "note": "underemployment amounted to 4% in 2008" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "16.9% (2010)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.1%", - "highest_10%": "30.3% (2008)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "40.2 (2010); 43.6 (2003)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$184.7 billion", - "expenditures": "$200.7 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "23.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "36.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 40% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover central government debt, and excludes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "8.9% (2012 est.); 6.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "5.25% (31 December 2011); 15% (22 December 2009)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "19% (31 December 2012 est.); 17% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$85.23 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $71.95 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$386.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $346.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$552.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $456.4 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$201.8 billion (31 December 2011); $306.7 billion (31 December 2010); $225.7 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$59.74 billion (2012 est.); -$77.24 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$163.4 billion (2012 est.); $143.5 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "apparel, foodstuffs, textiles, metal manufactures, transport equipment" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Germany 8.6%, Iraq 7.1%, Iran 6.5%, UK 5.7%, UAE 5.4%, Russia 4.4%, Italy 4.2%, France 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$228.9 billion (2012 est.); $232.5 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery, chemicals, semi-finished goods, fuels, transport equipment" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Russia 11.3%, Germany 9%, China 9%, US 6%, Italy 5.6%, Iran 5.1% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$119.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $88.21 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$336.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $307 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$152.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $140.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$30.95 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $26.86 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Turkish liras (TRY) per US dollar -; 1.796 (2012 est.); 1.675 (2011 est.); 1.5028 (2010 est.); 1.55 (2009); 1.3179 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "201.2 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "155.2 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "1.918 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "1.144 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "44.76 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "65.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "32.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "2.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "45,740 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "284,400 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "270.4 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "343,400 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "706,100 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "68,450 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "297,400 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "761 million cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "44.71 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "713 million cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "43.9 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "6.173 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "263.5 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "15.211 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "65.322 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "comprehensive telecommunications network undergoing rapid modernization and expansion, especially in mobile-cellular services", - "domestic": "additional digital exchanges are permitting a rapid increase in subscribers; the construction of a network of technologically advanced intercity trunk lines, using both fiber-optic cable and digital microwave radio relay, is facilitating communication between urban centers; remote areas are reached by a domestic satellite system; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 100 telephones per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 90; international service is provided by the SEA-ME-WE-3 submarine cable and by submarine fiber-optic cables in the Mediterranean and Black Seas that link Turkey with Italy, Greece, Israel, Bulgaria, Romania, and Russia; satellite earth stations - 12 Intelsat; mobile satellite terminals - 328 in the Inmarsat and Eutelsat systems (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT) operates multiple TV and radio networks and stations; multiple privately owned national television stations and up to 300 private regional and local television stations; multi-channel cable TV subscriptions available; more than 1,000 private radio broadcast stations (2009)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".tr" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "7.093 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "27.233 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "98 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "91", - "over_3_047_m": "16", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "38", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "17", - "914_to_1_523_m": "16", - "under_914_m": "4 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "7", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "4", - "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "20 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 11,102 km; oil 3,651 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "8,699 km", - "standard_gauge": "8,699 km 1.435-m gauge (1,928 km electrified) (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "352,046 km", - "paved": "313,151 km (includes 2,010 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "38,895 km (2008)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "1,200 km (2010)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "629", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 102, cargo 281, chemical tanker 80, container 42, liquefied gas 6, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 60, petroleum tanker 25, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 29, specialized tanker 1", - "foreign_owned": "1 (Italy 1)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "645 (Albania 1, Antigua and Barbuda 7, Azerbaijan 1, Bahamas 3, Barbados 1, Belize 16, Brazil 1, Cambodia 15, Comoros 8, Cook Islands 4, Curacao 5, Cyprus 1, Dominica 1, Georgia 14, Italy 4, Kazakhstan 1, Liberia 16, Malta 233, Marshall Islands 70, Moldova 18, Panama 62, Russia 101, Saint Kitts and Nevis 18, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 13, Sierra Leone 9, Slovakia 1, Tanzania 13, Togo 4, Tuvalu 1, unknown 3) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Aliaga, Ambarli, Diliskelesi, Eregli, Izmir, Kocaeli (Izmit), Mersin (Icel), Limani, Yarimca" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Turkish Armed Forces (TSK): Turkish Land Forces (Turk Kara Kuvvetleri), Turkish Naval Forces (Turk Deniz Kuvvetleri; includes naval air and naval infantry), Turkish Air Forces (Turk Hava Kuvvetleri) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "21-41 years of age for male compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary service; 15 months conscript obligation for non-university graduates, 6-12 months for university graduates; conscripts are called to register at age 20, for service at 21; women serve in the Turkish Armed Forces only as officers; reserve obligation to age 41; under a law passed in November 2011, men aged 30 and older who have worked 3 years in foreign countries may pay $16,200 in lieu of mandatory military service (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "21,079,077", - "females_age_16_49": "20,558,696 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "17,664,510", - "females_age_16_49": "17,340,816 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "700,079", - "female": "670,328 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "5.3% of GDP (2005 est.)" - }, - "military_note": { - "text": "the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) has incrementally asserted its supremacy over the military since first taking power in 2002 and has reduced the role of the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) in internal security, increasing the responsibility of the Turkish National Police (TNP) in combating its Kurdish insurgency; the TSK leadership continues to play a role in politics and considers itself guardian of Turkey's secular state; primary domestic threats are listed as fundamentalism (with the definition in some dispute with the civilian government), separatism (Kurdish discontent), and the extreme left wing; Ankara strongly opposed establishment of an autonomous Kurdish region; an overhaul of the Turkish Land Forces Command (TLFC) taking place under the \"Force 2014\" program is to produce 20-30% smaller, more highly trained forces characterized by greater mobility and firepower and capable of joint and combined operations; the TLFC has taken on increasing international peacekeeping responsibilities, and took charge of a NATO International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) command in Afghanistan in April 2007; the Turkish Navy is a regional naval power that wants to develop the capability to project power beyond Turkey's coastal waters; the Navy is heavily involved in NATO, multinational, and UN operations; its roles include control of territorial waters and security for sea lines of communications; the Turkish Air Force adopted an \"Aerospace and Missile Defense Concept\" in 2002 and has initiated project work on an integrated missile defense system; Air Force priorities include attaining a modern deployable, survivable, and sustainable force structure, and establishing a sustainable command and control system (2008)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Greece in the Aegean Sea; status of north Cyprus question remains; Syria and Iraq protest Turkish hydrological projects to control upper Euphrates waters; Turkey has expressed concern over the status of Kurds in Iraq; in 2009, Swiss mediators facilitated an accord reestablishing diplomatic ties between Armenia and Turkey, but neither side has ratified the agreement and the rapprochement effort has faltered; Turkish authorities have complained that blasting from quarries in Armenia might be damaging the medieval ruins of Ani, on the other side of the Arpacay valley;" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "11,322 (Iraq) (2012); 463,885 (Syria) (2013)", - "idps": "at least 954,000-1.2 million (displaced from 1984-2005 because of fighting between Kurdish PKK and Turkish military; most IDPs are Kurds from eastern and southeastern provinces; no information available on persons displaced by development projects) (2012)", - "stateless_persons": "780 (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "key transit route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe and, to a lesser extent, the US - via air, land, and sea routes; major Turkish and other international trafficking organizations operate out of Istanbul; laboratories to convert imported morphine base into heroin exist in remote regions of Turkey and near Istanbul; government maintains strict controls over areas of legal opium poppy cultivation and over output of poppy straw concentrate; lax enforcement of money-laundering controls" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/ua-ukraine.json b/europe/ua-ukraine.json deleted file mode 100644 index 691d44a2..00000000 --- a/europe/ua-ukraine.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,634 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Ukraine was the center of the first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in Europe. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was absorbed by the Russian Empire. Following the collapse of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine was able to achieve a short-lived period of independence (1917-20), but was reconquered and forced to endure a brutal Soviet rule that engineered two forced famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died. In World War II, German and Soviet armies were responsible for some 7 to 8 million more deaths. Although final independence for Ukraine was achieved in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR, democracy and prosperity remained elusive as the legacy of state control and endemic corruption stalled efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties. A peaceful mass protest \"Orange Revolution\" in the closing months of 2004 forced the authorities to overturn a rigged presidential election and to allow a new internationally monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. Subsequent internal squabbles in the YUSHCHENKO camp allowed his rival Viktor YANUKOVYCH to stage a comeback in parliamentary elections and become prime minister in August of 2006. An early legislative election, brought on by a political crisis in the spring of 2007, saw Yuliya TYMOSHENKO, as head of an \"Orange\" coalition, installed as a new prime minister in December 2007. Viktor YANUKOVUYCH was elected president in a February 2010 run-off election that observers assessed as meeting most international standards. The following month, Ukraine's parliament, the Rada, approved a vote of no-confidence prompting Yuliya TYMOSHENKO to resign from her post as prime minister. In October 2012, Ukraine held Rada elections, widely criticized by Western observers as flawed due to use of government resources to favor ruling party candidates, interference with media access, and harassment of opposition candidates." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland, Romania, and Moldova in the west and Russia in the east" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "49 00 N, 32 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "603,550 sq km", - "land": "579,330 sq km", - "water": "24,220 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Texas" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "4,566 km", - "border_countries": "Belarus 891 km, Hungary 103 km, Moldova 940 km, Poland 428 km, Romania (south) 176 km, Romania (southwest) 362 km, Russia 1,576 km, Slovakia 90 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "2,782 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 m or to the depth of exploitation" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; summers are warm across the greater part of the country, hot in the south" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and plateaus, mountains being found only in the west (the Carpathians), and in the Crimean Peninsula in the extreme south" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Black Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Hora Hoverla 2,061 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulfur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber, arable land" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "53.85%", - "permanent_crops": "1.48%", - "other": "44.67% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "21,750 sq km (2010)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "139.6 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "19.24 cu km/yr (24%/69%/7%)", - "per_capita": "415.7 cu m/yr (2010)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "inadequate supplies of potable water; air and water pollution; deforestation; radiation contamination in the northeast from 1986 accident at Chornobyl' Nuclear Power Plant" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic position at the crossroads between Europe and Asia; second-largest country in Europe" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Ukrainian(s)", - "adjective": "Ukrainian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Ukrainian 77.8%, Russian 17.3%, Belarusian 0.6%, Moldovan 0.5%, Crimean Tatar 0.5%, Bulgarian 0.4%, Hungarian 0.3%, Romanian 0.3%, Polish 0.3%, Jewish 0.2%, other 1.8% (2001 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Ukrainian (official) 67%, Russian 24%, other (includes small Romanian-, Polish-, and Hungarian-speaking minorities) 9%" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Ukrainian Orthodox - Kyiv Patriarchate 50.4%, Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate 26.1%, Ukrainian Greek Catholic 8%, Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox 7.2%, Roman Catholic 2.2%, Protestant 2.2%, Jewish 0.6%, other 3.2% (2006 est.)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "44,573,205 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "13.9% (male 3,180,376/female 3,004,250)", - "15_24_years": "12.1% (male 2,758,374/female 2,645,879)", - "25_54_years": "45% (male 9,693,346/female 10,355,403)", - "55_64_years": "13.5% (male 2,573,283/female 3,426,840)", - "65_years_and_over": "15.6% (male 2,269,784/female 4,665,670) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "41.9 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "20.5 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "21.4 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "4.7 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "40.3 years", - "male": "37.1 years", - "female": "43.5 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.63% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "9.52 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "15.75 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "68.9% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "-0.26% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "KYIV (capital) 2.779 million; Kharkiv 1.455 million; Dnipropetrovsk 1.013 million; Odesa 1.009 million; Donetsk 971,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.93 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.75 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.49 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.85 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "23.1", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2007 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "32 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "8.24 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "10.31 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "6.03 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "68.93 years", - "male": "63.41 years", - "female": "74.8 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.29 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "66.7% (2007)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "7.7% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "3.13 physicians/1,000 population (2006)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "8.7 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 98% of population; total: 98% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 2% of population; total: 2% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 96% of population; rural: 89% of population; total: 94% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 4% of population; rural: 11% of population; total: 6% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "1.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "350,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "24,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "21.3% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "0.9% (2002)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.3% of GDP (2007)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99.7%", - "male": "99.8%", - "female": "99.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "15 years", - "male": "15 years", - "female": "15 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "356,213", - "percentage": "7 % (2005 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "18.6%", - "male": "18.6%", - "female": "18.7% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "none", - "conventional_short_form": "Ukraine", - "local_long_form": "none", - "local_short_form": "Ukrayina", - "former": "Ukrainian National Republic, Ukrainian State, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Kyiv (Kiev)", - "note": "pronounced KAY-yiv", - "geographic_coordinates": "50 26 N, 30 31 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "24 provinces (oblasti, singular - oblast'), 1 autonomous republic* (avtonomna respublika), and 2 municipalities (mista, singular - misto) with oblast status**; Cherkasy, Chernihiv, Chernivtsi, Crimea or Avtonomna Respublika Krym* (Simferopol'), Dnipropetrovs'k, Donets'k, Ivano-Frankivs'k, Kharkiv, Kherson, Khmel'nyts'kyy, Kirovohrad, Kyiv**, Kyiv, Luhans'k, L'viv, Mykolayiv, Odesa, Poltava, Rivne, Sevastopol'**, Sumy, Ternopil', Vinnytsya, Volyn' (Luts'k), Zakarpattya (Uzhhorod), Zaporizhzhya, Zhytomyr", - "note": "administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "24 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier dates: ca. 982 (VOLODYMYR I consolidates Kyivan Rus), 1648 (establishment of Cossack Hetmanate)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 24 August (1991); note - 22 January 1918, the day Ukraine first declared its independence (from Soviet Russia) and the day the short-lived Western and Greater (Eastern) Ukrainian republics united (1919), is now celebrated as Unity Day" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "adopted 28 June 1996" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Viktor YANUKOVYCH (since 25 February 2010)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Mykola AZAROV (since 11 March 2010); First Deputy Prime Minister Serhiy ARBUZOV (since 24 December 2012); Deputy Prime Ministers Yuriy BOYKO, Kostyantyn HRYSHCHENKO, Oleksandr VILKUL (all since 24 December 2012)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet of Ministers nominated by the president", - "note": "there is also a National Security and Defense Council or NSDC originally created in 1992 as the National Security Council; the NSDC staff is tasked with developing national security policy on domestic and international matters and advising the president; a Presidential Administration helps draft presidential edicts and provides policy support to the president", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 17 January 2010 with runoff on 7 February 2010 (next to be held in October 2015)", - "election_results": "Viktor YANUKOVYCH elected president; percent of vote - Viktor YANUKOVYCH 48.9%, Yuliya TYMOSHENKO 45.5%, other 5.6%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Supreme Council or Verkhovna Rada (450 seats; 50% of seats allocated on a proportional basis to those parties that gain 5% or more of the national electoral vote and 50% to members elected in single mandate districts; members serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 28 October 2012 (next to be held fall 2017)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - Party of Regions 30%, Batkivshchyna 25.5%, UDAR 14%, CPU 13.2%, Svoboda 10.4%, other parties 6.9%; seats by party - Party of Regions 185, Batkivshchyna 101, UDAR 40, Svoboda 37, CPU 32, United Center 3, People's Party 2, Radical 1, Union 1, independents 43, vacant 5; composition as of mid-April 2013 - Party of Regions 207, Batkivshchyna 95, UDAR 42, Svoboda 36, CPU 32, independents 32, vacant 6" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Ukraine (consists of 95 judges organized into civil, criminal, commercial, and administrative chambers, and a military panel); Constitutional Court (consists of 18 justices)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges proposed by the Supreme Council of Justice or SCJ (a 20-member independent body of judicial officials and other appointees) and appointed by presidential decree; judges initially appointed for 5 years and, if approved by the SCJ, serve until mandatory retirement at age 65; Constitutional Court justices appointed - 6 each by the president, by the SCU, and by the Verkhovna Rada; justices appointed for 9-year non-renewable terms", - "subordinate_courts": "specialized high courts; Courts of Cassation; Courts of Appeal; regional, district, city, and town courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Batkivshchyna (All-Ukrainian Union \"Fatherland\") [Yuliya TYMOSHENKO]; Communist Party of Ukraine or CPU [Petro SYMONENKO]; European Party of Ukraine [Mykola KATERYNCHUK]; Front of Change [Arseniy YATSENYUK]; Our Ukraine [Viktor YUSHCHENKO]; Party of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs [Anatoliy KINAKH]; Party of Regions [Mykola AZAROV, chairman]; Party of the Defenders of the Fatherland [Yuriy KARMAZIN]; People's Movement of Ukraine (Rukh) [Borys TARASYUK]; People's Party [Volodymyr LYTVYN]; Peoples' Self-Defense Party [Oleh NOVIKOV]; Progressive Socialist Party [Natalya VITRENKO]; Radical Party [Oleh LYASHKO]; Reforms and Order Party [Viktor PYNZENYK]; Republican Party Sobor [Anatoliy MATVIYENKO]; Social Democratic Party (United) or SDPU(o) [Yuriy ZAHORODNIY]; Socialist Party of Ukraine or SPU [Oleksandr MOROZ]; Svoboda [Oleh TYAHNYBOK]; Ukraine-Forward! [Natalia KOROLEVSKA]; Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reforms or UDAR [Vitaliy KLYCHKO]; Ukrainian People's Party [Yuriy KOSTENKO]; Union [Lev MIRIMSKY]; United Center [Viktor BALOHA]; Viche [Inna BOHOSLOVSKA]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Committee of Voters of Ukraine [Aleksandr CHERNENKO]; OPORA [Olha AIVAZOVSKA]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "Australia Group, BSEC, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CICA (observer), CIS (participating member, has not signed the 1993 CIS charter although it participates in meetings), EAEC (observer), EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Oleksandr MOTSYK", - "chancery": "3350 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 349-2920", - "fax": "[1] (202) 333-0817", - "consulates_general": "Chicago, New York, San Francisco" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador John F. TEFFT", - "embassy": "4 Igor Sikorsky Street, 04112 Kyiv", - "mailing_address": "5850 Kyiv Place, Washington, DC 20521-5850", - "telephone": "[380] (44) 521-5000", - "fax": "[380] (44) 521-5155" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "two equal horizontal bands of azure (top) and golden yellow represent grain fields under a blue sky" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "trident (tryzub)" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Shche ne vmerla Ukraina\" (Ukraine Has Not Yet Perished)", - "lyrics_music": "Paul CHUBYNSKYI/Mikhail VERBYTSKYI", - "note": "music adopted 1991, lyrics adopted 2003; the song was first performed in 1864 at the Ukraine Theatre in Lviv; the lyrics, originally written in 1862, were revised in 2003" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "After Russia, the Ukrainian republic was the most important economic component of the former Soviet Union, producing about four times the output of the next-ranking republic. Its fertile black soil generated more than one-fourth of Soviet agricultural output, and its farms provided substantial quantities of meat, milk, grain, and vegetables to other republics. Likewise, its diversified heavy industry supplied the unique equipment (for example, large diameter pipes) and raw materials to industrial and mining sites (vertical drilling apparatus) in other regions of the former USSR. Shortly after independence in August 1991, the Ukrainian Government liberalized most prices and erected a legal framework for privatization, but widespread resistance to reform within the government and the legislature soon stalled reform efforts and led to some backtracking. Output by 1999 had fallen to less than 40% of the 1991 level. Ukraine's dependence on Russia for energy supplies and the lack of significant structural reform have made the Ukrainian economy vulnerable to external shocks. Ukraine depends on imports to meet about three-fourths of its annual oil and natural gas requirements and 100% of its nuclear fuel needs. After a two-week dispute that saw gas supplies cutoff to Europe, Ukraine agreed to 10-year gas supply and transit contracts with Russia in January 2009 that brought gas prices to \"world\" levels. The strict terms of the contracts have further hobbled Ukraine's cash-strapped state gas company, Naftohaz. Outside institutions - particularly the IMF - have encouraged Ukraine to quicken the pace and scope of reforms to foster economic growth. Ukrainian Government officials eliminated most tax and customs privileges in a March 2005 budget law, bringing more economic activity out of Ukraine's large shadow economy, but more improvements are needed, including fighting corruption, developing capital markets, and improving the legislative framework. Ukraine's economy was buoyant despite political turmoil between the prime minister and president until mid-2008. Real GDP growth exceeded 7% in 2006-07, fueled by high global prices for steel - Ukraine's top export - and by strong domestic consumption, spurred by rising pensions and wages. A drop in steel prices and Ukraine's exposure to the global financial crisis due to aggressive foreign borrowing lowered growth in 2008. Ukraine reached an agreement with the IMF for a $16.4 billion Stand-By Arrangement in November 2008 to deal with the economic crisis, but the program quickly stalled due to the Ukrainian Government's lack of progress in implementing reforms. The economy contracted nearly 15% in 2009, among the worst economic performances in the world. In April 2010, Ukraine negotiated a price discount on Russian gas imports in exchange for extending Russia's lease on its naval base in Crimea. In August 2010, Ukraine, under the YANUKOVYCH Administration, reached a new agreement with the IMF for a $15.1 billion Stand-By Agreement. Economic growth resumed in 2010 and 2011, buoyed by exports. After initial disbursements, the IMF program stalled in early 2011 due to the Ukrainian Government's lack of progress in implementing key gas sector reforms, namely gas tariff increases. Economic growth slowed in the second half of 2012 with Ukraine finishing the year in technical recession following two consecutive quarters of negative growth." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$340.7 billion (2012 est.); $340.2 billion (2011 est.); $323.4 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$176.2 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.2% (2012 est.); 5.2% (2011 est.); 4.1% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$7,500 (2012 est.); $7,500 (2011 est.); $7,100 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "9.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 14.5% of GDP (2011 est.); 16.3% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "70.8%", - "government_consumption": "19.4%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "18.9%", - "investment_in_inventories": "-0.6%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "50.9%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-59.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "10.2%", - "industry": "31.6%", - "services": "58.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "grain, sugar beets, sunflower seeds, vegetables; beef, milk" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food processing" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-2.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "22.11 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "5.6%", - "industry": "26%", - "services": "68.4% (2012)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "7.5% (2012 est.); 7.9% (2011 est.)", - "note": "officially registered; large number of unregistered or underemployed workers" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "24.1% (2010)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.8%", - "highest_10%": "22.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "28.2 (2009); 29 (1999)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$55.75 billion", - "expenditures": "$63.37 billion", - "note": "this is the planned, consolidated budget (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "31.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-4.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "36.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 36.3% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "the total public debt of $64.5 billion consists of: domestic public debt ($23.8 billion); external public debt ($26.1 billion); and sovereign guarantees ($14.6 billion)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "0.6% (2012 est.); 8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "7.5% (31 January 2012 est.); 11.97% (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "18.39% (31 December 2012 est.); 15.95% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$40.44 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $38.93 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$97.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $85.33 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$129.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $121 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$25.56 billion (31 December 2011); $39.46 billion (31 December 2010); $16.79 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$14.4 billion (2012 est.); -$10.25 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$69.81 billion (2012 est.); $69.42 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "ferrous and nonferrous metals, fuel and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, food products" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Russia 23.7%, Turkey 6%, China 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$90.3 billion (2012 est.); $85.67 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "energy, machinery and equipment, chemicals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Russia 19.4%, China 10.2%, Germany 9.6%, Belarus 7.8%, Poland 7.1% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$24.55 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $31.79 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$135 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $126.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$54.46 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $50.33 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$7.853 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.898 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "hryvnia (UAH) per US dollar -; 7.991 (2012 est.); 7.9676 (2011 est.); 7.9356 (2010 est.); 7.7912 (2009); 4.9523 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "198.1 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "175.3 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "3.852 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "1.894 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "54.38 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "64.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "25.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "10% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "73,180 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "160 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "143,600 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "395 million bbl (1 January 2012 es)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "262,200 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "320,600 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "76,140 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "148,900 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "19.36 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "53.16 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "2.6 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "36.4 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "1.104 trillion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "275.5 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "12.681 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "55.576 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "Ukraine's telecommunication development plan emphasizes improving domestic trunk lines, international connections, and the mobile-cellular system", - "domestic": "at independence in December 1991, Ukraine inherited a telephone system that was antiquated, inefficient, and in disrepair; more than 3.5 million applications for telephones could not be satisfied; telephone density is rising and the domestic trunk system is being improved; about one-third of Ukraine's networks are digital and a majority of regional centers now have digital switching stations; improvements in local networks and local exchanges continue to lag; the mobile-cellular telephone system's expansion has slowed, largely due to saturation of the market which has reached 125 mobile phones per 100 people", - "international": "country code - 380; 2 new domestic trunk lines are a part of the fiber-optic Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) system and 3 Ukrainian links have been installed in the fiber-optic Trans-European Lines (TEL) project that connects 18 countries; additional international service is provided by the Italy-Turkey-Ukraine-Russia (ITUR) fiber-optic submarine cable and by an unknown number of earth stations in the Intelsat, Inmarsat, and Intersputnik satellite systems (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "Ukraine's state-controlled nationwide TV broadcast channel (UT1) and a number of privately owned TV networks provide basic TV coverage; multi-channel cable and satellite TV services are available; Russian television broadcasts have a small audience nationwide, but larger audiences in the eastern and southern regions; Ukraine's radio broadcast market, a mix of independent and state-owned networks, is comprised of some 300 stations (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ua" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "2.173 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "7.77 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "187 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "108", - "over_3_047_m": "13", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "42", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "22", - "914_to_1_523_m": "3", - "under_914_m": "28 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "79", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "5", - "914_to_1_523_m": "5", - "under_914_m": "69 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "9 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 36,720 km; oil 4,514 km; refined products 4,363 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "21,684 km", - "broad_gauge": "21,684 km 1.524-m gauge (9,854 km electrified) (2009)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "169,496 km", - "paved": "165,844 km (includes 15 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "3,652 km (2009)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "1,672 km (most on Dnieper River) (2012)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "134", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 3, cargo 98, chemical tanker 1, passenger 6, passenger/cargo 5, petroleum tanker 8, refrigerated cargo 11, specialized tanker 2", - "registered_in_other_countries": "172 (Belize 6, Cambodia 35, Comoros 10, Cyprus 3, Dominica 1, Georgia 10, Liberia 10, Malta 29, Marshall Islands 1, Moldova 14, Mongolia 1, Panama 8, Russia 12, Saint Kitts and Nevis 8, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 12, Sierra Leone 5, Slovakia 2, unknown 5) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Feodosiya (Theodosia), Illichivsk, Mariupol', Mykolayiv, Odesa, Yuzhnyy" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Air Forces (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-25 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation is 12 months for Army and Air Force, 18 months for Navy (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "10,984,394", - "females_age_16_49": "11.26 million (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "6,893,551", - "females_age_16_49": "8,792,504 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "246,397", - "female": "234,916 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.6% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "1997 boundary delimitation treaty with Belarus remains unratified due to unresolved financial claims, stalling demarcation and reducing border security; delimitation of land boundary with Russia is complete with preparations for demarcation underway; the dispute over the boundary between Russia and Ukraine through the Kerch Strait and Sea of Azov remains unresolved despite a December 2003 framework agreement and ongoing expert-level discussions; Moldova and Ukraine operate joint customs posts to monitor transit of people and commodities through Moldova's break-away Transnistria Region, which remains under the auspices of an Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe-mandated peacekeeping mission comprised of Moldovan, Transnistrian, Russian, and Ukrainian troops; the ICJ ruled largely in favor of Romania in its dispute submitted in 2004 over Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy/Serpilor (Snake) Island and Black Sea maritime boundary delimitation; Romania opposes Ukraine's reopening of a navigation canal from the Danube border through Ukraine to the Black Sea" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "stateless_persons": "35,000 (2012); note - citizens of the former USSR who were permanently resident in Ukraine were granted citizenship upon Ukraine's independence in 1991, but some missed this window of opportunity; people arriving after 1991, Crimean Tatars, ethnic Koreans, people with expired Soviet passports, and people with no documents have difficulty acquiring Ukrainian citizenship; following the fall of the Soviet Union in 1989, thousands of Crimean Tatars and their descendants deported from Ukraine under the STALIN regime returned to their homeland, some being stateless and others holding the citizenship of Uzbekistan or other former Soviet republics; a 1998 bilateral agreement between Ukraine and Uzbekistan simplified the process of renouncing Uzbek citizenship and obtaining Ukrainian citizenship" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Ukraine is a source, transit, and, increasingly, destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; Ukrainian victims are sex trafficked within Ukraine as well as in Russia, Poland, Iraq, Spain, Turkey, Cyprus, Seychelles, Portugal, the Czech Republic, Israel, Italy, the United Arab Emirates, Montenegro, UK, and Tunisia; foreigners from Moldova, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, Cameroon, and Azerbaijan are victims of labor trafficking in Ukraine; Ukrainian recruiters most often target Ukrainians from rural areas with limited job prospects by using fraud, coercion, and debt bondage", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Ukraine does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government reduced its anti-trafficking law enforcement efforts in 2012; as a result of the dismantling of the specialized anti-trafficking police unit in 2011, the number of trafficking investigations, prosecutions, and convictions have decreased; fewer victims are identified and the national referral mechanism does not function effectively in many regions, resulting in few victims being granted victim status by the government; the government did not fund any anti-trafficking protection activities in 2012 and continues to rely on international donors to assist victims (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "limited cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for CIS consumption; some synthetic drug production for export to the West; limited government eradication program; used as transshipment point for opiates and other illicit drugs from Africa, Latin America, and Turkey to Europe and Russia; Ukraine has improved anti-money-laundering controls, resulting in its removal from the Financial Action Task Force's (FATF's) Noncooperative Countries and Territories List in February 2004; Ukraine's anti-money-laundering regime continues to be monitored by FATF" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/va-vatican-city.json b/europe/va-vatican-city.json deleted file mode 100644 index d915e68b..00000000 --- a/europe/va-vatican-city.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,258 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Popes in their secular role ruled portions of the Italian peninsula for more than a thousand years until the mid 19th century, when many of the Papal States were seized by the newly united Kingdom of Italy. In 1870, the pope's holdings were further circumscribed when Rome itself was annexed. Disputes between a series of \"prisoner\" popes and Italy were resolved in 1929 by three Lateran Treaties, which established the independent state of Vatican City and granted Roman Catholicism special status in Italy. In 1984, a concordat between the Holy See and Italy modified certain of the earlier treaty provisions, including the primacy of Roman Catholicism as the Italian state religion. Present concerns of the Holy See include religious freedom, threats against minority Christian communities in Africa and the Middle East, international development, interreligious dialogue and reconciliation, and the application of church doctrine in an era of rapid change and globalization. About 1.2 billion people worldwide profess the Catholic faith." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy)" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "41 54 N, 12 27 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Europe" - }, - "area": { - "total": "0.44 sq km", - "land": "0.44 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "about 0.7 times the size of The National Mall in Washington, DC" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "3.2 km", - "border_countries": "Italy 3.2 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to May) with hot, dry summers (May to September)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "urban; low hill" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "unnamed location 19 m", - "highest_point": "unnamed elevation 75 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "none" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "", - "permanent_crops": "0%", - "other": "100% (urban area) (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "0 sq km (2011)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Ozone Layer Protection", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Air Pollution, Environmental Modification" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; enclave in Rome, Italy; world's smallest state; beyond the territorial boundary of Vatican City, the Lateran Treaty of 1929 grants the Holy See extraterritorial authority over 23 sites in Rome and five outside of Rome, including the Pontifical Palace at Castel Gandolfo (the Pope's summer residence)" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "none", - "adjective": "none" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Italians, Swiss, other" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Italian, Latin, French, various other languages" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic" - }, - "population": { - "text": "839 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0% (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "100% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "100%", - "male": "100%", - "female": "100%" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "The Holy See (Vatican City State)", - "conventional_short_form": "Holy See (Vatican City)", - "local_long_form": "La Santa Sede (Stato della Citta del Vaticano)", - "local_short_form": "Santa Sede (Citta del Vaticano)" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "ecclesiastical" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Vatican City", - "geographic_coordinates": "41 54 N, 12 27 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "none" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "11 February 1929 (from Italy); note - the three treaties signed with Italy on 11 February 1929 acknowledged, among other things, the full sovereignty of the Holy See and established its territorial extent; however, the origin of the Papal States, which over centuries varied considerably in extent, may be traced back to 754" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Election Day of Pope FRANCIS, 13 March (2013)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "Fundamental Law promulgated by Pope JOHN PAUL II 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001 (replaced the first Fundamental Law of 1929)" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "religious legal system based on canon (religious) law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "election of the pope is limited to cardinals less than 80 years old" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "Pope FRANCIS (since 13 March 2013)", - "head_of_government": "Secretary of State Cardinal Tarcisio BERTONE (since 15 September 2006); Pope FRANCIS has appointed Archbishop Pietro PAROLIN to replace Cardinal BERTONE effective 15 October 2013; note - BERTONE has also been Camerlengo since 4 April 2007", - "cabinet": "Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City appointed by the pope", - "elections": "pope elected for life, or until voluntary resignation, by the College of Cardinals; election last held on 13 March 2013 (next to be held after the death or resignation of the current pope); Secretary of State appointed by the pope", - "election_results": "Jorge Mario BERGOGLIO elected Pope FRANCIS" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura (consists of the cardinal prefect, who serves as ex-officio president of the court, and 2 other cardinals of the Prefect Signatura) note - judicial duties were established by the Motu Proprio, papal directive, of Pope PIUS XII on 1 May 1946; note 2: most Vatican City criminal matters are handled by the Republic of Italy courts", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "cardinal prefect appointed by the Pope; the other 2 cardinals of the court appointed by the cardinal prefect on a yearly basis", - "subordinate_courts": "Appellate Court of Vatican City; Tribunal of Vatican City" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "none" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "none (exclusive of influence exercised by church officers)" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "CE (observer), IAEA, Interpol, IOM, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNHCR, Union Latina (observer), UNWTO (observer), UPU, WIPO, WTO (observer)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Apostolic Nuncio Carlo Maria VIGANO", - "chancery": "3339 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 333-7121", - "fax": "[1] (202) 337-4036" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Mario MESQUITA", - "embassy": "Villa Domiziana, Via delle Terme Deciane 26, 00153 Rome", - "mailing_address": "Unit 5660, Box 66, DPO AE 09624-0066", - "telephone": "[39] (06) 4674-3428", - "fax": "[39] (06) 575-8346" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "two vertical bands of yellow (hoist side) and white with the arms of the Holy See, consisting of the crossed keys of Saint Peter surmounted by the three-tiered papal tiara, centered in the white band; the yellow color represents the pope's spiritual power, the white his worldly power" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "crossed keys" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Inno e Marcia Pontificale\" (Hymn and Pontifical March); often called The Pontifical Hymn", - "lyrics_music": "Raffaello LAVAGNA/Charles-Francois GOUNOD", - "note": "adopted 1950" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "The Holy See is supported financially by a variety of sources, including investments, real estate income, and donations from Catholic individuals, dioceses, and institutions; these help fund the Roman Curia (Vatican bureaucracy), diplomatic missions, and media outlets. Moreover, an annual collection taken up in dioceses and from direct donations go to a non-budgetary fund, known as Peter's Pence, which is used directly by the Pope for charity, disaster relief, and aid to churches in developing nations. Donations increased between 2010 and 2011. The separate Vatican City State budget includes the Vatican museums and post office and is supported financially by the sale of stamps, coins, medals, and tourist mementos; by fees for admission to museums; and by publication sales. Its revenues increased between 2010 and 2011 because of expanded opening hours and a growing number of visitors. However, the Holy See has not escaped the financial difficulties engulfing other European countries; in 2012 it started a spending review to determine where to cut costs to reverse its 2011 budget deficit of 15 million euros. Most public expenditures go to wages and other personnel costs; the incomes and living standards of lay workers are comparable to those of counterparts who work in the city of Rome." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "printing; production of coins, medals, postage stamps; mosaics and staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "2,832 (December 2011)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "note": "essentially services with a small amount of industry; nearly all dignitaries, priests, nuns, guards, and the approximately 3,000 lay workers live outside the Vatican" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$308 million", - "expenditures": "$326.4 million (2011)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -; 0.7778 (2012 est.); 0.7185 (2011 est.); 0.755 (2010 est.); 0.7198 (2009 est.); 0.6827 (2008 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "automatic digital exchange", - "domestic": "connected via fiber optic cable to Telecom Italia network", - "international": "country code - 39; uses Italian system (2012)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "the Vatican Television Center (CTV) transmits live broadcasts of the Pope's Sunday and Wednesday audiences, as well as the Pope's public celebrations; CTV also produces documentaries; Vatican Radio is the Holy See's official broadcasting service broadcasting via shortwave, AM and FM frequencies, and via satellite and Internet connections (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".va" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "107 (2012)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Pontifical Swiss Guard Corps (Corpo della Guardia Svizzera Pontificia) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "Pontifical Swiss Guard Corps (Corpo della Guardia Svizzera Pontificia): 19-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; must be Roman Catholic, a Swiss citizen, with a secondary education (2013)" - }, - "military_note": { - "text": "defense is the responsibility of Italy; ceremonial and limited security duties performed by Pontifical Swiss Guard" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/middle-east/ae-united-arab-emirates.json b/middle-east/ae-united-arab-emirates.json deleted file mode 100644 index 2a9da627..00000000 --- a/middle-east/ae-united-arab-emirates.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,603 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The Trucial States of the Persian Gulf coast granted the UK control of their defense and foreign affairs in 19th century treaties. In 1971, six of these states - Abu Dhabi, 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah, Dubayy, and Umm al Qaywayn - merged to form the United Arab Emirates (UAE). They were joined in 1972 by Ra's al Khaymah. The UAE's per capita GDP is on par with those of leading West European nations. Its high oil revenues and its moderate foreign policy stance have allowed the UAE to play a vital role in the affairs of the region. For more than three decades, oil and global finance drove the UAE's economy. However, in 2008-09, the confluence of falling oil prices, collapsing real estate prices, and the international banking crisis hit the UAE especially hard. The UAE has essentially avoided the \"Arab Spring\" unrest seen elsewhere in the Middle East, though in March 2011, political activists and intellectuals signed a petition calling for greater public participation in governance that was widely circulated on the Internet. In an effort to stem potential further unrest, the government announced a multi-year, $1.6-billion infrastructure investment plan for the poorer northern Emirates." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, between Oman and Saudi Arabia" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "24 00 N, 54 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Middle East" - }, - "area": { - "total": "83,600 sq km", - "land": "83,600 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Maine" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "867 km", - "border_countries": "Oman 410 km, Saudi Arabia 457 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "1,318 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "desert; cooler in eastern mountains" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "flat, barren coastal plain merging into rolling sand dunes of vast desert wasteland; mountains in east" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Persian Gulf 0 m", - "highest_point": "Jabal Yibir 1,527 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, natural gas" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "0.61%", - "permanent_crops": "0.5%", - "other": "98.9% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "920 sq km (2010)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "0.15 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "3.99 cu km/yr (15%/2%/83%)", - "per_capita": "739.5 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "frequent sand and dust storms" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "lack of natural freshwater resources compensated by desalination plants; desertification; beach pollution from oil spills" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Law of the Sea" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location along southern approaches to Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for world crude oil" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Emirati(s)", - "adjective": "Emirati" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Emirati 19%, other Arab and Iranian 23%, South Asian 50%, other expatriates (includes Westerners and East Asians) 8% (1982)", - "note": "less than 20% are UAE citizens (1982)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim (Islam - official) 96% (Shia 16%), other (includes Christian, Hindu) 4%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "5,473,972 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimate is based on the results of the 2005 census that included a significantly higher estimate of net immigration of non-citizens than previous estimates" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "20.6% (male 577,599/female 551,346)", - "15_24_years": "13.8% (male 449,258/female 306,410)", - "25_54_years": "61.5% (male 2,570,054/female 798,070)", - "55_64_years": "3.1% (male 127,569/female 40,996)", - "65_years_and_over": "1% (male 33,481/female 19,189) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "18.6 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "18.1 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "0.5 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "201.7 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "30.3 years", - "male": "32 years", - "female": "25 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.87% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "15.65 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "2.01 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "15.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "84.4% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.52% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "ABU DHABI (capital) 666,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.46 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "3.23 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "3.19 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "1.77 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "2.19 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "12 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "11.25 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "13.12 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "9.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "76.91 years", - "male": "74.31 years", - "female": "79.63 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.37 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "27.5% (1995)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "3.7% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.93 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.9 beds/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 95% of population; total: 98% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 5% of population; total: 2% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.2% (2001 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "32.7% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "1.1% of GDP (2004)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "90%", - "male": "89.5%", - "female": "91.5% (2005 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "13 years", - "male": "13 years", - "female": "14 years (2009)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "12.1%", - "male": "7.9%", - "female": "21.8% (2008)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "United Arab Emirates", - "conventional_short_form": "none", - "local_long_form": "Al Imarat al Arabiyah al Muttahidah", - "local_short_form": "none", - "former": "Trucial Oman, Trucial States", - "abbreviation": "UAE" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "federation with specified powers delegated to the UAE federal government and other powers reserved to member emirates" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Abu Dhabi", - "geographic_coordinates": "24 28 N, 54 22 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "7 emirates (imarat, singular - imarah); Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi), 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah (Sharjah), Dubayy (Dubai), Ra's al Khaymah, Umm al Qaywayn" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "2 December 1971 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 2 December (1971)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "2 December 1971; made permanent in 1996" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of Islamic law and civil law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "limited; note - rulers of the seven Emirates each select a proportion of voters for the Federal National Council (FNC) that together account for about 12 percent of the native Emirati population" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President KHALIFA bin Zayid Al-Nuhayyan (since 3 November 2004), ruler of Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) (since 4 November 2004); Vice President and Prime Minister MUHAMMAD BIN RASHID Al-Maktum (since 5 January 2006)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister and Vice President MUHAMMAD BIN RASHID Al-Maktum (since 5 January 2006); Deputy Prime Ministers SAIF bin Zayid Al-Nuhayyan (since 11 May 2009) and MANSUR bin Zayid Al-Nuhayyan (since 11 May 2009)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president", - "note": "there is also a Federal Supreme Council (FSC) composed of the seven emirate rulers; the FSC is the highest constitutional authority in the UAE; establishes general policies and sanctions federal legislation; meets four times a year; Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) and Dubayy (Dubai) rulers have effective veto power", - "elections": "president and vice president elected by the FSC for five-year terms (no term limits) from among the seven FSC members; election last held 3 November 2004 upon the death of the UAE's Founding Father and first President ZAYID bin Sultan Al Nuhayyan (next election NA); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president", - "election_results": "KHALIFA bin Zayid Al-Nuhayyan elected president by a unanimous vote of the FSC; MUHAMMAD bin Rashid Al-Maktum unanimously affirmed vice president after the 2006 death of his brother Sheikh MAKTUM bin Rashid Al-Maktum" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Federal National Council (FNC) or Majlis al-Ittihad al-Watani (40 seats; 20 members appointed by the rulers of the constituent states, 20 members elected to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 24 September 2011 (next to be held in 2015); note - the electoral college was expanded from 6,689 voters in the December 2006 election to 129,274 in the September 2011 election; elections for candidates rather than party lists; 469 candidates including 85 women ran for 20 contested FNC seats", - "election_results": "elected seats by emirate - Abu Dhabi 4, Dubai 4, Sharjah 3, Ras al-Khaimah 3, Ajman 2, Fujairah 2, Umm al-Quwain 2; note - number of appointed seats for each emirate are same as elected seats" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Federal Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 4 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges appointed by the federal president following approval by the Federal Supreme Council, which includes the rulers of the 7 emirates; judge term NA", - "subordinate_courts": "Federal Court of Cassation (determines the constitutionality of laws promulgated at the federal and local (emirate) levels; federal level courts of first instance and appeals courts; each emirate has its own court system" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "none; political parties are not allowed" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ABEDA, AfDB (nonregional member), AFESD, AMF, BIS, CAEU, CICA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OIF (observer), OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Yusif bin Mani bin Said al-UTAYBA", - "chancery": "3522 International Court NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 243-2400", - "fax": "[1] (202) 243-2432" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Michael H. CORBIN", - "embassy": "Embassies District, Plot 38 Sector W59-02, Street No. 4, Abu Dhabi", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 4009, Abu Dhabi", - "telephone": "[971] (2) 414-2200", - "fax": "[971] (2) 414-2603", - "consulates_general": "Dubai" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and black with a wider vertical red band on the hoist side; the flag incorporates all four Pan-Arab colors, which in this case represent fertility (green), neutrality (white), petroleum resources (black), and unity (red); red was the traditional color incorporated into all flags of the emirates before their unification" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "golden falcon" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Nashid al-watani al-imarati\" (National Anthem of the UAE)", - "lyrics_music": "AREF Al Sheikh Abdullah Al Hassan/Mohamad Abdel WAHAB", - "note": "music adopted 1971, lyrics adopted 1996; Mohamad Abdel WAHAB also composed the music for the anthem of Tunisia" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "The UAE has an open economy with a high per capita income and a sizable annual trade surplus. Successful efforts at economic diversification have reduced the portion of GDP based on oil and gas output to 25%. Since the discovery of oil in the UAE more than 30 years ago, the country has undergone a profound transformation from an impoverished region of small desert principalities to a modern state with a high standard of living. The government has increased spending on job creation and infrastructure expansion and is opening up utilities to greater private sector involvement. In April 2004, the UAE signed a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement with Washington and in November 2004 agreed to undertake negotiations toward a Free Trade Agreement with the US; however, those talks have not moved forward. The country's Free Trade Zones - offering 100% foreign ownership and zero taxes - are helping to attract foreign investors. The global financial crisis, tight international credit, and deflated asset prices constricted the economy in 2009. UAE authorities tried to blunt the crisis by increasing spending and boosting liquidity in the banking sector. The crisis hit Dubai hardest, as it was heavily exposed to depressed real estate prices. Dubai lacked sufficient cash to meet its debt obligations, prompting global concern about its solvency. The UAE Central Bank and Abu Dhabi-based banks bought the largest shares. In December 2009 Dubai received an additional $10 billion loan from the emirate of Abu Dhabi. Dependence on oil, a large expatriate workforce, and growing inflation pressures are significant long-term challenges. The UAE's strategic plan for the next few years focuses on diversification and creating more opportunities for nationals through improved education and increased private sector employment." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$275.8 billion (2012 est.); $265.4 billion (2011 est.); $252.3 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$358.9 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.9% (2012 est.); 5.2% (2011 est.); 1.3% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$49,800 (2012 est.); $49,400 (2011 est.); $48,400 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "37% of GDP (2012 est.); 37.4% of GDP (2011 est.); 32.1% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "50.5%", - "government_consumption": "7.1%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "29%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.9%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "86.6%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-74.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "0.8%", - "industry": "56%", - "services": "43.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "dates, vegetables, watermelons; poultry, eggs, dairy products; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "petroleum and petrochemicals; fishing, aluminum, cement, fertilizers, commercial ship repair, construction materials, some boat building, handicrafts, textiles" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "4.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "4.337 million", - "note": "expatriates account for about 85% of the work force (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "7%", - "industry": "15%", - "services": "78% (2000 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "2.4% (2001)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "19.5% (2003)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$130.3 billion", - "expenditures": "$114.2 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "36.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "4.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "43.3% of GDP (2012 est.); 46.5% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "0.7% (2012 est.); 0.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$80.53 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $71.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$234.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $224.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$313.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $293.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$93.77 billion (31 December 2011); $104.7 billion (31 December 2010); $109.6 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$26.76 billion (2012 est.); $30.65 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$300.9 billion (2012 est.); $281.6 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "crude oil 45%, natural gas, reexports, dried fish, dates" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Japan 15.6%, India 13.4%, Iran 10.5%, Thailand 5.6%, Singapore 5.5%, South Korea 5.3% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$220.3 billion (2012 est.); $202.1 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "India 17%, China 13.8%, US 10.5%, Germany 5.2%, Japan 4.2% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$42.97 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $37.27 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$163.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $159.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$91.56 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $83.36 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$58.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $55.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Emirati dirhams (AED) per US dollar -; 3.673 (2012 est.); 3.673 (2011 est.); 3.6725 (2010 est.); 3.673 (2009); 3.6725 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "83.31 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "74.12 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "23.25 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "3.087 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "2.036 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "97.8 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "346,900 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "572,100 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "452,400 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "377,300 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "51.28 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "60.54 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "7.65 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "16.91 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "6.089 trillion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "199.4 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "1.825 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "11.727 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "modern fiber-optic integrated services; digital network with rapidly growing use of mobile-cellular telephones; key centers are Abu Dhabi and Dubai", - "domestic": "microwave radio relay, fiber optic and coaxial cable", - "international": "country code - 971; linked to the international submarine cable FLAG (Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe); landing point for both the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "except for the many organizations now operating in Dubai's Media Free Zone, most TV and radio stations remain government-owned; widespread use of satellite dishes provides access to pan-Arab and other international broadcasts (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ae" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "337,804 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "3.449 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "43 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "25", - "over_3_047_m": "12", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "3", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "5", - "914_to_1_523_m": "3", - "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "18", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "4", - "914_to_1_523_m": "6", - "under_914_m": "6 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "5 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "condensate 533 km; gas 3,277 km; liquid petroleum gas 300 km; oil 3,287 km; oil/gas/water 24 km; refined products 218 km; water 99 km (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "4,080 km", - "paved": "4,080 km (includes 253 km of expressways) (2008)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "61", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 3, cargo 13, chemical tanker 8, container 7, liquefied gas 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 24, roll on/roll off 4", - "foreign_owned": "13 (Greece 3, Kuwait 10)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "253 (Bahamas 23, Barbados 1, Belize 3, Cambodia 2, Comoros 8, Cyprus 3, Georgia 2, Gibraltar 5, Honduras 1, Hong Kong 1, India 4, Iran 2, Jordan 2, Liberia 37, Malta 1, Marshall Islands 12, Mexico 1, Netherlands 4, North Korea 2, Panama 83, Papua New Guinea 6, Philippines 1, Saint Kitts and Nevis 8, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 3, Saudi Arabia 6, Sierra Leone 1, Singapore 10, Tanzania 3, Togo 1, UK 8, Vanuatu 1, unknown 8) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Al Fujayrah, Mina' Jabal 'Ali (Dubai), Khor Fakkan (Khawr Fakkan), Mubarraz Island, Mina' Rashid (Dubai), Mina' Saqr (Ra's al Khaymah)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "United Arab Emirates Armed Forces: Critical Infrastructure Coastal Patrol Agency (CNIA), Land Forces, Navy, Air Force and Air Defense, Border and Coast Guard Directorate (BCGD) (2012)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; 18 years of age for officers and women; no conscription; 16-22 years of age for candidates for the UAE Naval College (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,676,928 (includes non-nationals)", - "females_age_16_49": "981,649 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,229,366", - "females_age_16_49": "842,759 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "27,439", - "female": "24,419 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "6.4% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "boundary agreement was signed and ratified with Oman in 2003 for entire border, including Oman's Musandam Peninsula and Al Madhah enclaves, but contents of the agreement and detailed maps showing the alignment have not been published; Iran and UAE dispute Tunb Islands and Abu Musa Island, which Iran occupies" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "the UAE is a drug transshipment point for traffickers given its proximity to Southwest Asian drug-producing countries; the UAE's position as a major financial center makes it vulnerable to money laundering; anti-money-laundering controls improving, but informal banking remains unregulated" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/middle-east/bh-bahrain.json b/middle-east/bh-bahrain.json deleted file mode 100644 index ebba9f7d..00000000 --- a/middle-east/bh-bahrain.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,593 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "In 1783, the Sunni Al-Khalifa family captured Bahrain from the Persians. In order to secure these holdings, it entered into a series of treaties with the UK during the 19th century that made Bahrain a British protectorate. The archipelago attained its independence in 1971. Facing declining oil reserves, Bahrain has turned to petroleum processing and refining and has become an international banking center. Bahrain's small size and central location among Persian Gulf countries require it to play a delicate balancing act in foreign affairs among its larger neighbors. The Sunni-led government has struggled to manage relations with its large Shia-majority population. In early 2011, amid Arab uprisings elsewhere in the region, the Bahraini Government confronted similar protests at home with police and military action. The aftermath led to modest reforms, though continued dissatisfaction by Bahraini oppositionists with the extent of the reforms, has led to a broader dialogue between government officials, political societies, and legislators." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "26 00 N, 50 33 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Middle East" - }, - "area": { - "total": "760 sq km", - "land": "760 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "3.5 times the size of Washington, DC" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "161 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "continental_shelf": "extending to boundaries to be determined" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Persian Gulf 0 m", - "highest_point": "Jabal ad Dukhan 122 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish, pearls" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "1.79%", - "permanent_crops": "3.95%", - "other": "94.26% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "40.15 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "0.12 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.36 cu km/yr (50%/6%/45%)", - "per_capita": "386 cu m/yr (2003)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "periodic droughts; dust storms" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "desertification resulting from the degradation of limited arable land, periods of drought, and dust storms; coastal degradation (damage to coastlines, coral reefs, and sea vegetation) resulting from oil spills and other discharges from large tankers, oil refineries, and distribution stations; lack of freshwater resources (groundwater and seawater are the only sources for all water needs)" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "close to primary Middle Eastern petroleum sources; strategic location in Persian Gulf, through which much of the Western world's petroleum must transit to reach open ocean" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Bahraini(s)", - "adjective": "Bahraini" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Bahraini 46%, non-Bahraini 54% (2010 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Arabic (official), English, Farsi, Urdu" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim (Shia and Sunni) 81.2%, Christian 9%, other 9.8% (2001 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "1,281,332 July 2013 est.", - "note": "includes 235,108 non-nationals" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "20% (male 130,097/female 126,067)", - "15_24_years": "15.9% (male 113,973/female 89,602)", - "25_54_years": "56.2% (male 472,537/female 247,873)", - "55_64_years": "5.2% (male 43,884/female 23,352)", - "65_years_and_over": "2.6% (male 16,262/female 17,685) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "30.3 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "27.3 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "2.9 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "34.3 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "31.4 years", - "male": "32.8 years", - "female": "28.6 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.57% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "14.16 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "2.65 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "14.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "88.7% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.21% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "MANAMA (capital) 262,000 (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.26 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.92 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.89 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.91 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.54 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "20 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "9.93 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "11.1 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "8.72 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "78.43 years", - "male": "76.28 years", - "female": "80.63 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.83 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "61.8% (1995)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "5% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.44 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.8 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.2% (2001 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "fewer than 600 (2007 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 200 (2003 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "32.9% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "2.9% of GDP (2008)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "94.6%", - "male": "96.1%", - "female": "91.6% (2010 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "14 years", - "male": "14 years", - "female": "15 years (2006)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "5,530", - "percentage": "5 % (2000 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "28.3%", - "male": "25.7%", - "female": "32.6% (2004)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Kingdom of Bahrain", - "conventional_short_form": "Bahrain", - "local_long_form": "Mamlakat al Bahrayn", - "local_short_form": "Al Bahrayn", - "former": "Dilmun, State of Bahrain" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "constitutional monarchy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Manama", - "geographic_coordinates": "26 14 N, 50 34 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "5 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Asamah (Capital), Janubiyah (Southern), Muharraq, Shamaliyah (Northern), Wasat (Central)", - "note": "each governorate administered by an appointed governor" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "15 August 1971 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "National Day, 16 December (1971); note - 15 August 1971 was the date of independence from the UK, 16 December 1971 was the date of independence from British protection" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "adopted 14 February 2002" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of Islamic law, English common law, Egyptian civil, criminal, and commercial codes; customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "20 years of age; universal; note - Bahraini Cabinet in May 2011 endorsed a draft law lowering eligibility to 18 years" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "King HAMAD bin Isa Al-Khalifa (since 6 March 1999); Crown Prince SALMAN bin Hamad Al-Khalifa (son of the monarch, born 21 October 1969)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister KHALIFA bin Salman Al-Khalifa (since 1971); First Deputy Prime Minister SALMAN bin Hamad Al Khalifa (since 11 March 2013); Deputy Prime Ministers ALI bin Khalifa bin Salman Al-Khalifa, Jawad bin Salim al-ARAIDH, KHALID bin Abdallah Al Khalifa, MUHAMMAD bin Mubarak Al-Khalifa", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the monarch", - "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral National Assembly consists of the Shura Council or Consultative Council (40 members appointed by the King) and the Council of Representatives or Chamber of Deputies (40 seats; members directly elected to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "Council of Representatives - last held in two rounds on 23 and 30 October 2010 (next election to be held in 2014); byelections to fill 18 vacated seats held in two rounds on 24 September and 1 October 2011", - "election_results": "Council of Representatives (2010) - percent of vote by society - NA; seats by society - Wifaq (Shia) 18, Asalah (Sunni Salafi) 3, Minbar (Sunni Muslim Brotherhood) 2, independents 17; Council of Representatives byelection for 18 seats vacated by Wifaq (2011) - seats by society - independent Sunni 8, independent Shia 8, other 2; note - Bahrain has societies rather than parties" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Court of Cassation (consists of a chairman and 3 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of a president and 6 members) note - the judiciary of Bahrain is divided into the civil law and sharia law courts", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Court of Cassation and Constitutional Court judges appointed by royal decree and serve for a specified tenure", - "subordinate_courts": "High Court of Appeal; middle and lower civil courts; higher and lower shariah courts, and the High Shariah Court of Appeal" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "note": "political parties are prohibited but political societies were legalized per a July 2005 law", - "progovernment": "Arab Islamic Center Society [Ahmad Sanad AL-BENALI]; Constitutional Gathering Society; Islamic Asalah [Abd al-Halim MURAD]; Islamic Saff Society [Abdullah Khalil BU GHAMAR]; Islamic Shura Society; Movement of National Justice Society [Muhi al-Din KHAN]; National Action Charter Society [Muhammad AL-BUAYNAYN]; National Dialogue Society; National Islamic Minbar [Ali AHMAD]; National Unity Gathering [Abdullah AL-HUWAYHI]", - "oppositon": "National Democratic Action Society [Ibrahim SHARIF]; National Democratic Assembly [Hasan AL-ALI]; National Fraternity Society [Musa AL-ANSARI]; National Progressive Tribune [Abd al-Nabi SALMAN]; Unitary National Democratic Assemblage [Fadhil ABBAS]; Wifaq National Islamic Society [Ali SALMAN]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "sunni": "Al-Fatih Awakening", - "shia": "14 February Revolution Youth Coalition; Bahrain Islamic Freedom Movement [Said SHIHABI]; Haqq Movement [Hasan MUSHAYMA]; Islamic Amal [Muhammad Ali AL-MAHFUDH]; Khalas [Abd al-Rauf AL-SHAYIB]; Wafa Islamic Society [Abd al-Wahab HUSAYN]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, CICA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Huda Azra Ibrahim NUNU", - "chancery": "3502 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 342-1111", - "fax": "[1] (202) 362-2192", - "consulates_general": "New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Thomas C. KRAJESKI", - "embassy": "Building #979, Road 3119 (next to Al-Ahli Sports Club), Block 331, Zinj District, Manama", - "mailing_address": "PSC 451, Box 660, FPO AE 09834-5100; international mail: American Embassy, Box 26431, Manama", - "telephone": "[973] 1724-2700", - "fax": "[973] 1727-0547" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "red, the traditional color for flags of Persian Gulf states, with a white serrated band (five white points) on the hoist side; the five points represent the five pillars of Islam", - "note": "until 2002 the flag had eight white points, but this was reduced to five to avoid confusion with the Qatari flag" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Bahrainona\" (Our Bahrain)", - "lyrics_music": "unknown", - "note": "adopted 1971; although Mohamed Sudqi AYYASH wrote the original lyrics, they were changed in 2002 following the transformation of Bahrain from an emirate to a kingdom" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Bahrain has taken great strides in diversifying its economy and its highly developed communication and transport facilities make Bahrain home to numerous multinational firms with business in the Gulf. As part of its diversification plans, Bahrain implemented a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the US in August 2006, the first FTA between the US and a Gulf state. Bahrain's economy, however, continues to depend heavily on oil. Petroleum production and refining account for more than 60% of Bahrain's export receipts, 70% of government revenues, and 11% of GDP. Other major economic activities are production of aluminum - Bahrain's second biggest export after oil - finance, and construction. Bahrain competes with Malaysia as a worldwide center for Islamic banking and continues to seek new natural gas supplies as feedstock to support its expanding petrochemical and aluminum industries. In 2011 and 2012, Bahrain experienced economic setbacks as a result of domestic unrest, however, several factors indicate that the economy is beginning to recover, such as the return of the formula one race and tourist cruise ships to Bahrain. Economic policies aimed at restoring confidence in Bahrain's economy, such as the suspension of an expatriate labor tax and frequent bailouts of Gulf Air, will make Bahrain's foremost long-term economic challenges - youth unemployment and the growth of government debt - more difficult to address." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$33.63 billion (2012 est.); $32.39 billion (2011 est.); $31.72 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$27.03 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.9% (2012 est.); 2.1% (2011 est.); 4.7% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$29,200 (2012 est.); $28,700 (2011 est.); $28,700 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "31.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 29.3% of GDP (2011 est.); 30.3% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "42.4%", - "government_consumption": "14.2%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "20.4%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.5%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "84.6%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-62.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "0.4%", - "industry": "51.3%", - "services": "48.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "fruit, vegetables; poultry, dairy products; shrimp, fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, iron pelletization, fertilizers, Islamic and offshore banking, insurance, ship repairing, tourism" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "705,900", - "note": "44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "1%", - "industry": "79%", - "services": "20% (1997 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "15% (2005 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$8.378 billion", - "expenditures": "$8.675 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "31% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-1.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "54.3% of GDP (2012 est.); 47.8% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.8% (2012 est.); -0.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "6.3% (31 December 2012 est.); 6.83% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$7.777 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $7.013 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$24.38 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $21.64 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$24.31 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $20.78 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$17.15 billion (31 December 2011); $20.43 billion (31 December 2010); $16.93 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$2.846 billion (2012 est.); $3.247 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$21.4 billion (2012 est.); $19.91 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "petroleum and petroleum products, aluminum, textiles" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Saudi Arabia 3%, India 2.2%, UAE 2%, South Korea 1.9% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$15.17 billion (2012 est.); $12.11 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "crude oil, machinery, chemicals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Saudi Arabia 26.8%, US 9.7%, China 9.6%, Japan 6.4%, India 4.9%, France 4.7% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$4.853 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.245 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$27.12 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $27.04 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$16.87 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $15.94 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$10.02 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $8.777 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Bahraini dinars (BHD) per US dollar -; 0.376 (2012 est.); 0.376 (2011 est.); 0.376 (2010 est.); 0.376 (2009); 0.376 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "13.16 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "12.97 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "214 million kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "3.168 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "44,800 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "152,600 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "256,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "107.2 million bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "270,800 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "51,450 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "226,000 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "12.58 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "12.25 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "92.03 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "30.69 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "276,500 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "1.694 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "modern system", - "domestic": "modern fiber-optic integrated services; digital network with rapidly growing use of mobile-cellular telephones", - "international": "country code - 973; landing point for the Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) submarine cable network that provides links to Asia, Middle East, Europe, and US; tropospheric scatter to Qatar and UAE; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia; satellite earth station - 1 (2007)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-run Bahrain Radio and Television Corporation (BRTC) operates 5 terrestrial TV networks and several radio stations; satellite TV systems provide access to international broadcasts; 1 private FM station directs broadcasts to Indian listeners; radio and TV broadcasts from countries in the region are available (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".bh" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "47,727 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "419,500 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "4 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "4", - "over_3_047_m": "3", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 20 km; oil 54 km (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "4,122 km", - "paved": "3,392 km", - "unpaved": "730 km (2010)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "8", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 2, container 4, petroleum tanker 2", - "foreign_owned": "5 (Kuwait 5)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "5 (Honduras 5) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Mina' Salman, Sitrah" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Bahrain Defense Force (BDF): Royal Bahraini Army (RBA), Royal Bahraini Navy (RBN), Royal Bahraini Air Force (RBAF), Royal Bahraini Air Defense Force (RBADF) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; 15 years of age for NCOs, technicians, and cadets; no conscription (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "508,863", - "females_age_16_49": "290,801 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "423,757", - "females_age_16_49": "245,302 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "8,988", - "female": "8,117 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "4.5% of GDP (2006)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Bahrain is a destination country for men and women subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; unskilled and domestic workers from India, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, Ethiopia, Ghana, and Eritrea migrate willingly to Bahrain, but some face conditions of forced labor through the withholding of passports, restrictions on movement, nonpayment, threats, and abuse; many Bahraini labor recruitment agencies and some employers charge foreign workers exorbitant fees that make them vulnerable to forced labor and debt bondage; domestic workers are particularly vulnerable to forced labor and sexual exploitation because they are not protected under labor laws; women from Thailand, the Philippines, Morocco, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, China, Vietnam, Russia, Ukraine, and Eastern European countries are forced into prostitution in Bahrain", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Bahrain does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government has made few discernible efforts to investigate, prosecute, and convict trafficking offenses; cases of unpaid or withheld wages, passport retention, and other abuses - common indicators of trafficking - are treated as labor disputes and taken to civil court rather than criminal court; the government has made no indication of taking steps to institute a formal trafficking victim identification procedure and referral mechanism, resulting in the majority of victims seeking shelter at their embassies or the NGO-operated trafficking shelter; most victims have not filed lawsuits against employers because of a distrust of the legal system or a fear of reprisals (2013)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/middle-east/il-israel.json b/middle-east/il-israel.json deleted file mode 100644 index 7d9d8f7a..00000000 --- a/middle-east/il-israel.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,610 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Following World War II, the British withdrew from their mandate of Palestine, and the UN partitioned the area into Arab and Jewish states, an arrangement rejected by the Arabs. Subsequently, the Israelis defeated the Arabs in a series of wars without ending the deep tensions between the two sides. (The territories Israel occupied since the 1967 war are not included in the Israel country profile, unless otherwise noted.) On 25 April 1982, Israel withdrew from the Sinai pursuant to the 1979 Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty. In keeping with the framework established at the Madrid Conference in October 1991, bilateral negotiations were conducted between Israel and Palestinian representatives and Syria to achieve a permanent settlement. Israel and Palestinian officials signed on 13 September 1993 a Declaration of Principles (also known as the \"Oslo Accords\") guiding an interim period of Palestinian self-rule. Outstanding territorial and other disputes with Jordan were resolved in the 26 October 1994 Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace. Progress toward a permanent status agreement was undermined by Israeli-Palestinian violence between September 2003 and February 2005. Israel in 2005 unilaterally disengaged from the Gaza Strip, evacuating settlers and its military while retaining control over most points of entry into the Gaza Strip. The election of HAMAS to head the Palestinian Legislative Council in 2006 froze relations between Israel and the Palestinian Authority (PA). In 2006 Israel engaged in a 34-day conflict with Hizballah in Lebanon in June-August 2006 and a 23-day conflict with HAMAS in the Gaza Strip during December 2008 and January 2009. Prime Minister Binyamin NETANYAHU formed a coalition in March 2009 following a February 2009 general election. Direct talks with the PA launched in September 2010 collapsed following the expiration of Israel's 10-month partial settlement construction moratorium in the West Bank." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Lebanon" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "31 30 N, 34 45 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Middle East" - }, - "area": { - "total": "20,770 sq km", - "land": "20,330 sq km", - "water": "440 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than New Jersey" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,017 km", - "border_countries": "Egypt 266 km, Gaza Strip 51 km, Jordan 238 km, Lebanon 79 km, Syria 76 km, West Bank 307 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "273 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "continental_shelf": "to depth of exploitation" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "temperate; hot and dry in southern and eastern desert areas" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "Negev desert in the south; low coastal plain; central mountains; Jordan Rift Valley" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Dead Sea -408 m", - "highest_point": "Har Meron 1,208 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "timber, potash, copper ore, natural gas, phosphate rock, magnesium bromide, clays, sand" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "13.68%", - "permanent_crops": "3.69%", - "other": "82.62% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "2,250 sq km (2004)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "1.78 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "1.95 cu km/yr (39%/6%/55%)", - "per_capita": "282.4 cu m/yr (2009)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "sandstorms may occur during spring and summer; droughts; periodic earthquakes" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "limited arable land and natural freshwater resources pose serious constraints; desertification; air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; groundwater pollution from industrial and domestic waste, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Marine Life Conservation" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "Lake Tiberias (Sea of Galilee) is an important freshwater source; the Dead Sea is the second saltiest body of water in the world (after Lake Assal in Djibouti); there are about 355 Israeli civilian sites including about 145 small outpost communities in the West Bank, 41 sites in the Golan Heights, and 32 in East Jerusalem (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Israeli(s)", - "adjective": "Israeli" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Jewish 76.4% (of which Israel-born 67.1%, Europe/America-born 22.6%, Africa-born 5.9%, Asia-born 4.2%), non-Jewish 23.6% (mostly Arab) (2004)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Hebrew (official), Arabic (used officially for Arab minority), English (most commonly used foreign language)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Jewish 75.6%, Muslim 16.9%, Christian 2%, Druze 1.7%, other 3.8% (2008)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "7,707,042 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "approximately 325,500 Israeli settlers live in the West Bank (2011); approximately 18,700 Israeli settlers live in the Golan Heights (2011); approximately 186,929 Israeli settlers live in East Jerusalem (2010)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "27.3% (male 1,077,081/female 1,028,192)", - "15_24_years": "15.7% (male 619,091/female 590,551)", - "25_54_years": "37.7% (male 1,485,292/female 1,422,352)", - "55_64_years": "8.8% (male 328,943/female 348,695)", - "65_years_and_over": "10.5% (male 355,049/female 451,796) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "62.5 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "45.1 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "17.4 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "5.7 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "29.7 years", - "male": "29 years", - "female": "30.4 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.5% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "18.71 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "5.52 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "1.81 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "91.9% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.73% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "Tel Aviv-Yafo 3.219 million; Haifa 1.027 million; JERUSALEM (capital) 768,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.94 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.78 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.01 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "27.3 (2011 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "7 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "4.03 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "4.2 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "3.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "81.17 years", - "male": "78.96 years", - "female": "83.49 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.65 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "7.6% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "3.63 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "3.5 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.2% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "7,500 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "26.2% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.9% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "97.1%", - "male": "98.5%", - "female": "95.9% (2004 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "16 years", - "male": "15 years", - "female": "16 years (2009)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "11.6%", - "male": "11.8%", - "female": "11.3% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "State of Israel", - "conventional_short_form": "Israel", - "local_long_form": "Medinat Yisra'el", - "local_short_form": "Yisra'el" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary democracy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Jerusalem", - "geographic_coordinates": "31 46 N, 35 14 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins Friday before the last Sunday in March; ends the first Sunday in October; note - if the end of DST falls on Rosh Hashanah, then the end of DST will fall on the first Monday after 1 October", - "note": "Israel proclaimed Jerusalem as its capital in 1950, but the US, like all other countries, maintains its Embassy in Tel Aviv" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "6 districts (mehozot, singular - mehoz); Central, Haifa, Jerusalem, Northern, Southern, Tel Aviv" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "14 May 1948 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 14 May (1948); note - Israel declared independence on 14 May 1948, but the Jewish calendar is lunar and the holiday may occur in April or May" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "no formal constitution; some of the functions of a constitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948), the Basic Laws of the parliament (Knesset), and the Israeli citizenship law; note - since May 2003 the Constitution, Law, and Justice Committee of the Knesset has been working on a draft constitution" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law, British Mandate regulations, and Jewish, Christian, and Muslim religious laws" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; withdrew acceptance of ICCt jurisdiction in 2002" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Shimon PERES (since 15 July 2007)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Binyamin NETANYAHU (since 31 March 2009)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet selected by prime minister and approved by the Knesset", - "elections": "president largely a ceremonial role and is elected by the Knesset for a seven-year term (one-term limit); election last held 13 June 2007 (next to be held in 2014 but can be called earlier); following legislative elections, the president, in consultation with party leaders, assigns the task of forming a governing coalition to a Knesset member whom he or she determines is most likely to accomplish that task", - "election_results": "Shimon PERES elected president; number of votes in first round - Shimon PERES 58, Reuven RIVLIN 37, Colette AVITAL 21; PERES elected president in second round with 86 votes (unopposed)" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Knesset (120 seats; political parties are elected by popular vote and assigned seats for members on a proportional basis; members serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 22 January 2013 (next to be held in 2017)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - Likud-Ahi 23.3%, Yesh Atid 14.3%, Labor 11.4%, The Jewish Home 9.1%, SHAS 8.7%, United Torah Judaism 5.2%, The Movement 5%, Meretz 4.5%, United Arab List 3.6%, HADASH 3%, Balad 2.6%, Kadima 2.1%; other 7.2%; seats by party - Likud-Ahi 31, Yesh Atid 19, Labor 15, The Jewish Home 12, SHAS 11, United Torah Judaism 7, The Movement 6, Meretz 6, United Arab List 4, HADASH 4, Balad 3, Kadima 2", - "note": "Ehud BARAK and four others on 17 January 2011 split from the Labor Party and formed the Atzmaut (Independence) Party; the Labor Party holds 8 seats in the Knesset and the Independence Party holds 5 seats; Aztmaut did not submit a candidate list for the election on 22 January 2013" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court ( consists of the chief justice and 14 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges selected by the Judicial Selection Committee, made up of all three branches of the government and chaired by the Minister of Justice; judges can serve up to mandatory retirement age of 70", - "subordinate_courts": "district and magistrate courts; national and regional labor courts; special and religious courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Atzmaut (Independence) Party [Ehud BARAK]; Balad [Jamal ZAHALKA]; Democratic Front for Peace and Equality (HADASH) [Muhammad BARAKEH]; Kadima [Shaul MOFAZ]; Labor Party [Shelly YECHIMOVICH]; Likud-Ahi [Binyamin NETANYAHU]; National Union Uri ARIEL]; SHAS [Eliyahu YISHAI]; The Jewish Home (HaBayit HaYehudi) [Naftali BENNETT]; The Movement (Hatnuah) [Tzipora \"Tzipi\" LIVNI]; The New Movement-Meretz [Haim ORON]; United Arab List-Ta'al [Ibrahim SARSUR]; United Torah Judaism or UTJ [Yaakov LITZMAN]; Yesh Atid [Yair LAPID]; Yisrael Beiteinu or YB [Avigdor LIEBERMAN]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "B'Tselem [Jessica MONTELL, Executive Director] monitors human rights abuses; Peace Now [Yariv OPPENHEIMER, Secretary General] supports territorial concessions in the West Bank and Gaza Strip; YESHA Council of Settlements [Danny DAYAN, Chairman] promotes settler interests and opposes territorial compromise; Breaking the Silence [Yehuda SHAUL, Executive Director] collects testimonies from soldiers who served in the West Bank and Gaza Strip" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "BIS, BSEC (observer), CE (observer), CICA, EBRD, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW (signatory), OSCE (partner), Paris Club (associate), PCA, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Michael B. OREN", - "chancery": "3514 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 364-5500", - "fax": "[1] (202) 364-5647", - "consulates_general": "Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Daniel B. SHAPIRO", - "embassy": "71 Hayarkon Street, Tel Aviv 63903", - "telephone": "[972] (3) 519-7475", - "fax": "[972] (3) 516-4390", - "consulates_general": "Jerusalem; note - an independent US mission, established in 1928, whose members are not accredited to a foreign government" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "white with a blue hexagram (six-pointed linear star) known as the Magen David (Shield of David) centered between two equal horizontal blue bands near the top and bottom edges of the flag; the basic design resembles a Jewish prayer shawl (tallit), which is white with blue stripes; the hexagram as a Jewish symbol dates back to medieval times" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Star of David" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Hatikvah\" (The Hope)", - "lyrics_music": "Naftali Herz IMBER/traditional, arranged by Samuel COHEN", - "note": "adopted 2004, unofficial since 1948; used as the anthem of the Zionist movement since 1897; the 1888 arrangement by Samuel COHEN is thought to be based on the Romanian folk song \"Carul cu boi\" (The Ox Driven Cart)" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Israel has a technologically advanced market economy. Its major imports include crude oil, grains, raw materials, and military equipment. Cut diamonds, high-technology equipment, and pharmaceuticals are among the leading exports. Israel usually posts sizable trade deficits, which are covered by tourism and other service exports, as well as significant foreign investment inflows. The global financial crisis of 2008-09 spurred a brief recession in Israel, but the country entered the crisis with solid fundamentals - following years of prudent fiscal policy and a resilient banking sector. The economy has recovered better than most advanced, comparably sized economies. In 2010, Israel formally acceded to the OECD. Israel's economy also has weathered the Arab Spring because strong trade ties outside the Middle East have insulated the economy from spillover effects. Natural gasfields discovered off Israel's coast during the past two years have brightened Israel''s energy security outlook. The Leviathan field was one of the world''s largest offshore natural gas finds this past decade, and production from the Tama field is expected to meet all of Israel''s natural gas demand beginning mid-2013. In mid-2011, public protests arose around income inequality and rising housing and commodity prices. The government formed committees to address some of the grievances but has maintained that it will not engage in deficit spending to satisfy populist demands." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$252.8 billion (2012 est.); $245.2 billion (2011 est.); $234.4 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$240.9 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.1% (2012 est.); 4.6% (2011 est.); 5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$32,800 (2012 est.); $32,600 (2011 est.); $31,800 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "19.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 19% of GDP (2011 est.); 18.4% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "57.5%", - "government_consumption": "24.3%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "19.1%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.2%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "37.4%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-38.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "2.5%", - "industry": "31.4%", - "services": "66.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "citrus, vegetables, cotton; beef, poultry, dairy products" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "high-technology products (including aviation, communications, computer-aided design and manufactures, medical electronics, fiber optics), wood and paper products, potash and phosphates, food, beverages, and tobacco, caustic soda, cement, construction, metals products, chemical products, plastics, diamond cutting, textiles, footwear" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "3.606 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "2%", - "industry": "16%", - "services": "82% (September 2008)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "6.9% (2012 est.); 5.6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "23.6%", - "note": "Israel's poverty line is $7.30 per person per day (2007)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.5%", - "highest_10%": "24.3% (2008)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "39.2 (2008); 35.5 (2001)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$63.54 billion", - "expenditures": "$73.65 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "26.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-4.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "73.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 72.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "1.7% (2012 est.); 3.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "2.75% (31 December 2011 est.); 2.02% (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "5.14% (31 December 2012 est.); 5.54% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$32.48 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $30.21 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$208.8 billion (31 December 2009 est.); $195.7 billion (31 December 2008 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$192.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $178 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$145 billion (31 December 2011); $218.1 billion (31 December 2010); $182.1 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$2.579 billion (2012 est.); $1.873 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$61.45 billion (2012 est.); $64.19 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, software, cut diamonds, agricultural products, chemicals, textiles and apparel" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 27.8%, Hong Kong 7.7%, UK 5.7%, Belgium 4.6%, China 4.3% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$71.4 billion (2012 est.); $72.03 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "raw materials, military equipment, investment goods, rough diamonds, fuels, grain, consumer goods" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "US 12.9%, China 7.3%, Germany 6.3%, Switzerland 5.5%, Belgium 4.8% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$75.91 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $74.87 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$94.34 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $104.7 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$75.94 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $66.59 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$74.75 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $70.74 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "new Israeli shekels (ILS) per US dollar -; 3.8559 (2012 est.); 3.5781 (2011 est.); 3.739 (2010 est.); 3.93 (2009); 3.588 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "53.55 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "45.59 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "3.783 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "12.07 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "99.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "100 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "224,400 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "11.8 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "242,100 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "238,400 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "71,100 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "50,490 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "1.55 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "3.65 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "2.1 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "270.7 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "70.32 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "3.5 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "9.2 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "most highly developed system in the Middle East", - "domestic": "good system of coaxial cable and microwave radio relay; all systems are digital; four privately owned mobile-cellular service providers with countrywide coverage", - "international": "country code - 972; submarine cables provide links to Europe, Cyprus, and parts of the Middle East; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state broadcasting network, operated by the Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA), broadcasts on 2 channels, one in Hebrew and the other in Arabic; 5 commercial channels including a channel broadcasting in Russian, a channel broadcasting Knesset proceedings, and a music channel supervised by a public body; multi-channel satellite and cable TV packages provide access to foreign channels; IBA broadcasts on 8 radio networks with multiple repeaters and Israel Defense Forces Radio broadcasts over multiple stations; about 15 privately owned radio stations; overall more than 100 stations and repeater stations (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".il" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "2.483 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "4.525 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "47 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "29", - "over_3_047_m": "2", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "5", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "6", - "914_to_1_523_m": "11", - "under_914_m": "5 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "18", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "3", - "under_914_m": "14 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "3 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 763 km; oil 442 km; refined products 261 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "975 km", - "standard_gauge": "975 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "18,566 km", - "paved": "18,566 km (includes 449 km of expressways) (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "8", - "by_type": "cargo 1, container 7", - "registered_in_other_countries": "48 (Bermuda 3, Georgia 1, Honduras 1, Liberia 34, Malta 3, Moldova 2, Panama 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 3) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Ashdod, Elat (Eilat), Hadera, Haifa" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Israel Defense Forces (IDF), Israel Naval Force (IN), Israel Air Force (IAF) (2010)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for compulsory (Jews, Druzes) military service; 17 years of age for voluntary (Christians, Muslims, Circassians) military service; both sexes are obligated to military service; conscript service obligation - 36 months for enlisted men, 21 months for enlisted women, 48 months for officers; pilots commit to 9 years service; reserve obligation to age 41-51 (men), 24 (women) \r\n (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,797,960", - "females_age_16_49": "1,713,230 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,517,510", - "females_age_16_49": "1,446,132 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "62,304", - "female": "59,418 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "7.4% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "West Bank and Gaza Strip are Israeli-occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation; Israel continues construction of a \"seam line\" separation barrier along parts of the Green Line and within the West Bank; Israel withdrew its settlers and military from the Gaza Strip and from four settlements in the West Bank in August 2005; Golan Heights is Israeli-occupied (Lebanon claims the Shab'a Farms area of Golan Heights); since 1948, about 350 peacekeepers from the UN Truce Supervision Organization headquartered in Jerusalem monitor ceasefires, supervise armistice agreements, prevent isolated incidents from escalating, and assist other UN personnel in the region" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "37,347 (Eritrea); 10,743 (Sudan) (2012)", - "stateless_persons": "14 (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "increasingly concerned about ecstasy, cocaine, and heroin abuse; drugs arrive in country from Lebanon and, increasingly, from Jordan; money-laundering center" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/middle-east/iq-iraq.json b/middle-east/iq-iraq.json deleted file mode 100644 index 841ef11a..00000000 --- a/middle-east/iq-iraq.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,597 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Formerly part of the Ottoman Empire, Iraq was occupied by Britain during the course of World War I; in 1920, it was declared a League of Nations mandate under UK administration. In stages over the next dozen years, Iraq attained its independence as a kingdom in 1932. A \"republic\" was proclaimed in 1958, but in actuality a series of strongmen ruled the country until 2003. The last was SADDAM Husayn. Territorial disputes with Iran led to an inconclusive and costly eight-year war (1980-88). In August 1990, Iraq seized Kuwait but was expelled by US-led, UN coalition forces during the Gulf War of January-February 1991. Following Kuwait's liberation, the UN Security Council (UNSC) required Iraq to scrap all weapons of mass destruction and long-range missiles and to allow UN verification inspections. Continued Iraqi noncompliance with UNSC resolutions over a period of 12 years led to the US-led invasion of Iraq in March 2003 and the ouster of the SADDAM Husayn regime. US forces remained in Iraq under a UNSC mandate through 2009 and under a bilateral security agreement thereafter, helping to provide security and to train and mentor Iraqi security forces. In October 2005, Iraqis approved a constitution in a national referendum and, pursuant to this document, elected a 275-member Council of Representatives (COR) in December 2005. The COR approved most cabinet ministers in May 2006, marking the transition to Iraq's first constitutional government in nearly a half century. In January 2009, Iraq held elections for provincial councils in all governorates except for the three governorates comprising the Kurdistan Regional Government and Kirkuk Governorate. Iraq held a national legislative election in March 2010 - choosing 325 legislators in an expanded COR - and, after nine months of deadlock the COR approved the new government in December 2010. Nearly nine years after the start of the Second Gulf War in Iraq, US military operations there ended in mid-December 2011." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iran and Kuwait" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "33 00 N, 44 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Middle East" - }, - "area": { - "total": "438,317 sq km", - "land": "437,367 sq km", - "water": "950 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly more than twice the size of Idaho" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "3,650 km", - "border_countries": "Iran 1,458 km, Jordan 181 km, Kuwait 240 km, Saudi Arabia 814 km, Syria 605 km, Turkey 352 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "58 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "continental_shelf": "not specified" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "mostly desert; mild to cool winters with dry, hot, cloudless summers; northern mountainous regions along Iranian and Turkish borders experience cold winters with occasionally heavy snows that melt in early spring, sometimes causing extensive flooding in central and southern Iraq" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly broad plains; reedy marshes along Iranian border in south with large flooded areas; mountains along borders with Iran and Turkey" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Persian Gulf 0 m", - "highest_point": "unnamed peak; 3,611 m; note - this peak is neither Gundah Zhur 3,607 m nor Kuh-e Hajji-Ebrahim 3,595 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, natural gas, phosphates, sulfur" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "9.19%", - "permanent_crops": "0.48%", - "other": "90.33% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "35,250 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "89.86 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "66 cu km/yr (7%/15%/79%)", - "per_capita": "2,616 cu m/yr (2000)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "dust storms; sandstorms; floods" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "government water control projects have drained most of the inhabited marsh areas east of An Nasiriyah by drying up or diverting the feeder streams and rivers; a once sizable population of Marsh Arabs, who inhabited these areas for thousands of years, has been displaced; furthermore, the destruction of the natural habitat poses serious threats to the area's wildlife populations; inadequate supplies of potable water; development of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers system contingent upon agreements with upstream riparian Turkey; air and water pollution; soil degradation (salination) and erosion; desertification" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Environmental Modification" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location on Shatt al Arab waterway and at the head of the Persian Gulf" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Iraqi(s)", - "adjective": "Iraqi" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Arab 75%-80%, Kurdish 15%-20%, Turkoman, Assyrian, or other 5%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Arabic (official), Kurdish (official), Turkmen (a Turkish dialect) and Assyrian (Neo-Aramaic) are official in areas where they constitute a majority of the population), Armenian" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim (official) 97% (Shia 60%-65%, Sunni 32%-37%), Christian or other 3%", - "note": "while there has been voluntary relocation of many Christian families to northern Iraq, recent reporting indicates that the overall Christian population may have dropped by as much as 50 percent since the fall of the Saddam HUSSEIN regime in 2003, with many fleeing to Syria, Jordan, and Lebanon" - }, - "population": { - "text": "31,858,481 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "37.2% (male 6,029,869/female 5,818,752)", - "15_24_years": "19.6% (male 3,175,754/female 3,082,880)", - "25_54_years": "35.8% (male 5,823,608/female 5,585,217)", - "55_64_years": "4.2% (male 637,889/female 698,691)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.2% (male 467,858/female 537,963) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "76.2 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "70.6 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.6 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "17.8 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "21.3 years", - "male": "21.2 years", - "female": "21.4 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.29% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "27.51 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "4.65 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "66.5% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "3.05% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "BAGHDAD (capital) 5.751 million; Mosul 1.447 million; Erbil 1.009 million; Basra 923,000; As Sulaymaniyah 836,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.91 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.87 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.03 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "63 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "38.86 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "42.98 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "34.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "71.14 years", - "male": "69.67 years", - "female": "72.67 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "3.5 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "51.2% (2011)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "8.4% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.69 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.3 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 91% of population; rural: 56% of population; total: 79% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 9% of population; rural: 44% of population; total: 21% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 76% of population; rural: 67% of population; total: 73% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 24% of population; rural: 33% of population; total: 27% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "less than 0.1% (2001 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "fewer than 500 (2003 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "intermediate", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds\r\n (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "27% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "7.1% (2006)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "78.5%", - "male": "86%", - "female": "71.2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "10 years", - "male": "11 years", - "female": "9 years (2004)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "715,737", - "percentage": "11 % (2006 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Iraq", - "conventional_short_form": "Iraq", - "local_long_form": "Jumhuriyat al-Iraq/Komar-i Eraq", - "local_short_form": "Al Iraq/Eraq" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary democracy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Baghdad", - "geographic_coordinates": "33 20 N, 44 24 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "18 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah (Arabic); parezgakan, singular - parezga (Kurdish)) and 1 region*; Al Anbar; Al Basrah; Al Muthanna; Al Qadisiyah (Ad Diwaniyah); An Najaf; Arbil (Erbil) (Arabic), Hewler (Kurdish); As Sulaymaniyah (Arabic), Slemani (Kurdish); Babil; Baghdad; Dahuk (Arabic), Dihok (Kurdish); Dhi Qar; Diyala; Karbala'; Kirkuk; Kurdistan Regional Government*; Maysan; Ninawa; Salah ad Din; Wasit" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "3 October 1932 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration); note - on 28 June 2004 the Coalition Provisional Authority transferred sovereignty to the Iraqi Interim Government" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Republic Day, July 14 (1958); note - the Government of Iraq has yet to declare an official national holiday but still observes Republic Day" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "ratified 15 October 2005 (subject to review by the Constitutional Review Committee and a possible public referendum)" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil and Islamic law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Jalal TALABANI (since 6 April 2005)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Nuri al-MALIKI (since 20 May 2006)", - "cabinet": "The Council of Ministers consists of the prime minister and cabinet ministers the prime minister proposes; approved by an absolute majority vote by the Council of Representatives", - "elections": "president elected by Council of Representatives (parliament) to serve a four-year term (eligible for a second term); presidential election in parliament last held on 11 November 2010 (next to be held in 2014)", - "election_results": "President Jalal TALABANI reelected on 11 November 2010; Council of Representatives vote count on second ballot - 195 votes; Nuri al-MALIKI reelected prime minister" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Council of Representatives (325 seats consisting of 317 members elected by an optional open-list and representing a specific governorate, proportional representation system and 8 seats reserved for minorities; members serve four-year terms); note - Iraq's Constitution calls for the establishment of an upper house, the Federation Council", - "elections": "last held on 7 March 2010 for an enlarged 325-seat parliament (next to be held in 2014)", - "election_results": "Council of Representatives - percent of vote by coalition - Iraqi National Movement 25.9%, State of Law coalition 25.8%, Iraqi National Alliance 19.4%, Kurdistan Alliance 15.3%, Goran (Change) List 4.4%, Tawafuq Front 2.7%, Iraqi Unity Alliance 2.9%, Kurdistan Islamic Union 2.3%, Kurdistan Islamic Group 1.4%; seats by coalition - NA" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Federal Supreme Court or FSC (consists of 9 judges); note - court jurisdiction limited to constitutional issues); Court of Cassation (consists of a court president, 5 vice-presidents, and at least 24 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Federal Supreme Court and Court of Cassation judges appointed by the Higher Juridical Council, a 26-member independent committee of judicial officials; FSC members appointed for life ; Court of Cassation judges appointed for 1-year probationary period and upon satisfactory performance may be confirmed for permanent tenure until retirement at age 63", - "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal (governorate level); courts of first instance; personal status, labor, criminal, juvenile, and religious courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Badr Organization [Hadi al-AMIRI]; Da'wa Party (Islamic) [Prime Minister Nuri al-MALIKI]; Da'wa Tanzim [Hashim al-MUSAWI branch]; Da-wa Tanzim [Abd al-Karim al-ANZI branch]; Fadilah Party [Hasan al-SHAMMARI and Ammar TUAMA]; Goran (Change) List (also known as the Movement for Change) [Nushirwan MUSTAFA]; Iraqi Covenant Gathering [Ahmad Abd al-Ghafur al-SAMARRAI]; Iraqi Constitutional Party [Jawad al-BULANI]; Iraqi Front for National Dialogue [Deputy Prime Minister Salih al-MUTLAQ]; Iraqi Islamic Party or IIP [Usama al-TIKRITI]; Iraqi Justice and Reform Movement [Shaykh Abdallah al-YAWR]; Iraqi National Accord or INA [Ayad ALLAWI]; Iraqi National Alliance [Ibrahim al-JAFARI]; Iraqi National Congress or INC [Ahmad CHALABI]; Iraqi National Movement (see Iraqi National Accord); Iraqi Unity Alliance [Nauaf Saud ZAID]; Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq or ISCI [Ammar al-HAKIM]; Kurdistan Alliance; Kurdistan Democratic Party or KDP [Kurdistan Regional Government President Masud BARZANI]; Kurdistan Islamic Group (also called Islamic Group of Kurdistan) [Ali BAPIR]; Kurdistan Islamic Union [ Mohammed FARAI]; Future National Gathering [Finance Minister Rafi al-ISSAWI]; National Iraqiyun Gathering [Usama al-NUJAYFI]; National Movement for Reform and Development [Jamal al-KARBULI]; National Reform Trend (part of the National Iraqi Alliance) [former Prime Minister Ibrahim al-JAFARI]; Patriotic Union of Kurdistan or PUK [President Jalal TALABANI]; Renewal List [Vice President Tariq al-HASHIMI]; Sadrist Trend [Muqtada al-SADR]; Sahawa al-Iraq [Ahmad al-RISHAWI]; State of Law Coalition [Nouri al-MALIKI]; Tawafuq Front (also known as the Iraqi Accord Front); ", - "note": "numerous smaller local, tribal, and minority parties" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Sunni militias; Shia militias, some associated with political parties" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, CICA, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Luqman Abd al-Rahim FAYLI", - "chancery": "3421 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20007", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 742-1600", - "fax": "[1] (202) 333-1129", - "consulates_general": "Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Robert Stephen BEECROFT", - "embassy": "Al-Kindi Street, International Zone, Baghdad", - "mailing_address": "APO AE 09316", - "telephone": "0760-030-3000", - "fax": "NA" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black; the Takbir (Arabic expression meaning \"God is great\") in green Arabic script is centered in the white band; the band colors derive from the Arab Liberation flag and represent oppression (black), overcome through bloody struggle (red), to be replaced by a bright future (white); the Council of Representatives approved this flag in 2008 as a compromise temporary replacement for the Ba'athist Saddam-era flag", - "note": "similar to the flag of Syria, which has two stars but no script, Yemen, which has a plain white band, and that of Egypt, which has a gold Eagle of Saladin centered in the white band" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "golden eagle" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Mawtini\" (My Homeland)", - "lyrics_music": "Ibrahim TOUQAN/Mohammad FLAYFEL", - "note": "adopted 2004; following the ousting of Saddam HUSSEIN, Iraq adopted \"Mawtini,\" a popular folk song throughout the Arab world, which also serves as an unofficial anthem of the Palestinian people" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "An improving security environment and foreign investment are helping to spur economic activity, particularly in the energy, construction, and retail sectors. Broader economic development, long-term fiscal health, and sustained improvements in the overall standard of living still depend on the central government passing major policy reforms. Iraq's largely state-run economy is dominated by the oil sector, which provides more than 90% of government revenue and 80% of foreign exchange earnings. Iraq in 2012 boosted oil exports to a 30-year high of 2.6 million barrels per day, a significant increase from Iraq's average of 2.2 million in 2011. Government revenues increased as global oil prices remained persistently high for much of 2012. Iraq's contracts with major oil companies have the potential to further expand oil exports and revenues, but Iraq will need to make significant upgrades to its oil processing, pipeline, and export infrastructure to enable these deals to reach their economic potential. The Iraqi Kurdistan Region's (IKR) autonomous Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) passed its own oil law in 2007, and has directly signed about 50 contracts to develop IKR energy reserves. The federal government has disputed the legal authority of the KRG to conclude most of these contracts, some of which are also in areas with unresolved administrative boundaries in dispute between the federal and regional government. Iraq is making slow progress enacting laws and developing the institutions needed to implement economic policy, and political reforms are still needed to assuage investors' concerns regarding the uncertain business climate, which may have been harmed by the November 2012 standoff between Baghdad and Erbil and the removal of the Central Bank Governor in October 2012. The government of Iraq is eager to attract additional foreign direct investment, but it faces a number of obstacles including a tenuous political system and concerns about security and societal stability. Rampant corruption, outdated infrastructure, insufficient essential services, skilled labor shortages, and antiquated commercial laws stifle investment and continue to constrain growth of private, nonoil sectors. Iraq is considering a package of laws to establish a modern legal framework for the oil sector and a mechanism to equitably divide oil revenues within the nation, although these reforms are still under contentious and sporadic negotiation. Under the Iraqi Constitution, some competencies relevant to the overall investment climate are either shared by the federal government and the regions or are devolved entirely to the regions. Investment in the IKR operates within the framework of the Kurdistan Region Investment Law (Law 4 of 2006) and the Kurdistan Board of Investment, which is designed to provide incentives to help economic development in areas under the authority of the KRG. Inflation has remained under control since 2006 as security improved. However, Iraqi leaders remain hard pressed to translate macroeconomic gains into an improved standard of living for the Iraqi populace. Unemployment remains a problem throughout the country despite a bloated public sector. Encouraging private enterprise through deregulation would make it easier for Iraqi citizens and foreign investors to start new businesses. Rooting out corruption and implementing reforms - such as restructuring banks and developing the private sector - would be important steps in this direction." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$242.5 billion (2012 est.); $223.7 billion (2011 est.); $206 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$212.5 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "8.4% (2012 est.); 8.6% (2011 est.); 5.9% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$7,200 (2012 est.); $6,800 (2011 est.); $6,500 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "3.4%", - "industry": "64.9%", - "services": "31.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "wheat, barley, rice, vegetables, dates, cotton; cattle, sheep, poultry" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "petroleum, chemicals, textiles, leather, construction materials, food processing, fertilizer, metal fabrication/processing" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "11.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "8.9 million (2010 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "21.6%", - "industry": "18.7%", - "services": "59.8% (2008 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "16% (2012 est.); 15% (2010 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "25% (2008 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.6%", - "highest_10%": "25.7% (2007 est.)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$103.4 billion", - "expenditures": "$88.34 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "48.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "7.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "6.1% (2012 est.); 5.6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "6% (December 2012); 6% (December 2011)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "6% (31 December 2012 est.); 6% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$54.68 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $53.4 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$71.48 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $61.81 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$1.779 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $1.727 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$4 billion (9 December 2011); $2.6 billion (31 July 2010); $2 billion (31 July 2009 est.)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$20.63 billion (2012 est.); $21.68 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$93.91 billion (2012 est.); $79.68 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "crude oil 84%, crude materials excluding fuels, food and live animals" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 21.4%, India 21.1%, China 13.8%, South Korea 11.2%, Canada 4.8%, Italy 4.5%, Spain 4.3% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$56.89 billion (2012 est.); $40.63 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "food, medicine, manufactures" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Turkey 27.8%, Syria 15.9%, China 12.6%, US 5.2%, South Korea 4.8% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$70.33 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $61.04 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$50.26 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $50.79 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Iraqi dinars (IQD) per US dollar -; 1,166 (2012 est.); 1,170 (2011 est.); 1,170 (2010 est.); 1,170 (2009); 1,176 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "47.4 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "35.12 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "12.28 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "10.11 million kW (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "69% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "31% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "2.9 million bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "2.6 million bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "143.1 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "410,500 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "818,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "144,100 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "1.303 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "1.3 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "3.171 trillion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "118.3 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "1.794 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "27 million (2012)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "the 2003 liberation of Iraq severely disrupted telecommunications throughout Iraq including international connections; widespread government efforts to rebuild domestic and international communications through fiber optic links are in progress; the mobile cellular market has expanded rapidly to some 27 million subscribers by the end of 2012", - "domestic": "repairs to switches and lines destroyed during 2003 continue; additional switching capacity is improving access; 3 GSM operators since 2007 have expanded beyond their regional roots and offer near country-wide access to second-generation services; third-generation mobile services are not available nationwide; wireless local loop is available in some metropolitan areas and additional licenses have been issued with the hope of overcoming the lack of fixed-line infrastructure", - "international": "country code - 964; satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean, 1 Intersputnik - Atlantic Ocean region, and 1 Arabsat (inoperative)); local microwave radio relay connects border regions to Jordan, Kuwait, Syria, and Turkey; international terrestrial fiber-optic connections have been established with Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Kuwait, Jordan, and Iran; links to the Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) and the Gulf Bridge International (GBI) submarine fiber-optic cables have been established (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "the number of private radio and TV stations has increased rapidly since 2003; government-owned TV and radio stations are operated by the publicly funded Iraqi Public Broadcasting Service; private broadcast media are mostly linked to political, ethnic, or religious groups; satellite TV is available to an estimated 70% of viewers and many of the broadcasters are based abroad; transmissions of multiple international radio broadcasters are accessible (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".iq" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "26 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "325,900 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "102 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "72", - "over_3_047_m": "20", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "34", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "4", - "914_to_1_523_m": "7", - "under_914_m": "7 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "30", - "over_3_047_m": "3", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "5", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", - "914_to_1_523_m": "13", - "under_914_m": "6 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "16 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 2,455 km; liquid petroleum gas 913 km; oil 5,432 km; refined products 1,637 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "2,370 km", - "standard_gauge": "2,370 km 1.435-m gauge (2012)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "59,623 km", - "paved": "59,623 km (includes Kurdistan Region) (2012)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "5,279 km (the Euphrates River (2,815 km), Tigris River (1,899 km), and Third River (565 km) are the principal waterways) (2012)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "2", - "by_type": "petroleum tanker 2", - "registered_in_other_countries": "2 (Marshall Islands 2) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Al Basrah, Khawr az Zubayr, Umm Qasr" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Counterterrorism Service Forces: Counterterrorism Command; Iraqi Special Operations Forces (ISOF); Ministry of Defense Forces: Iraqi Army (includes Army Aviation Directorate, former National Guard Iraqi Intervention Forces, and Strategic Infrastructure Battalions), Iraqi Navy (former Iraqi Coastal Defense Force, includes Iraq Marine Force), Iraqi Air Force (Al-Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Iraqiya) (2011)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-40 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "7,767,329", - "females_age_16_49": "7,461,766 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "6,591,185", - "females_age_16_49": "6,421,717 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "332,194", - "female": "322,010 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "8.6% of GDP (2006)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "approximately two million Iraqis have fled the conflict in Iraq, with the majority taking refuge in Syria and Jordan, and lesser numbers to Egypt, Lebanon, Iran, and Turkey; Iraq's lack of a maritime boundary with Iran prompts jurisdiction disputes beyond the mouth of the Shatt al Arab in the Persian Gulf; Turkey has expressed concern over the autonomous status of Kurds in Iraq" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "15,496 (Turkey); 11,467 (West Bank and Gaza Strip); 8,259 (Iran) (2012); 183,195 (Syria) (2013)", - "idps": "1.1 million (since 2006 from ethno-sectarian violence) (2013)", - "stateless_persons": "120,000 (2012); note - in the 1970s and 1980s under Saddam Hussein's administration, thousands of Iraq's Faili Kurds, followers of Shia Islam, were stripped of their Iraqi citizenship, had their property seized by the government, and many were deported; some Faili Kurds had their citizenship reinstated under the 2006 Iraqi Nationality Law, but others lack the documentation to prove their Iraqi origins; some Palestinian refugees, who were also persecuted under the Saddam Hussein regime, still remain stateless in Iraq" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/middle-east/ir-iran.json b/middle-east/ir-iran.json deleted file mode 100644 index daf90f02..00000000 --- a/middle-east/ir-iran.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,632 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Known as Persia until 1935, Iran became an Islamic republic in 1979 after the ruling monarchy was overthrown and Shah Mohammad Reza PAHLAVI was forced into exile. Conservative clerical forces led by Ayatollah Ruhollah KHOMEINI established a theocratic system of government with ultimate political authority vested in a learned religious scholar referred to commonly as the Supreme Leader who, according to the constitution, is accountable only to the Assembly of Experts - a popularly elected 86-member body of clerics. US-Iranian relations became strained when a group of Iranian students seized the US Embassy in Tehran in November 1979 and held embassy personnel hostages until mid-January 1981. The US cut off diplomatic relations with Iran in April 1980. During the period 1980-88, Iran fought a bloody, indecisive war with Iraq that eventually expanded into the Persian Gulf and led to clashes between US Navy and Iranian military forces. Iran has been designated a state sponsor of terrorism for its activities in Lebanon and elsewhere in the world and remains subject to US, UN, and EU economic sanctions and export controls because of its continued involvement in terrorism and its nuclear weapons ambitions. Following the election of reformer Hojjat ol-Eslam Mohammad KHATAMI as president in 1997 and a reformist Majles (legislature) in 2000, a campaign to foster political reform in response to popular dissatisfaction was initiated. The movement floundered as conservative politicians, through control of unelected institutions, prevented reform measures from being enacted and increased repressive measures. Starting with nationwide municipal elections in 2003 and continuing through Majles elections in 2004, conservatives reestablished control over Iran's elected government institutions, which culminated with the August 2005 inauguration of hardliner Mahmud AHMADI-NEJAD as president. His controversial reelection in June 2009 sparked nationwide protests over allegations of electoral fraud. The UN Security Council has passed a number of resolutions calling for Iran to suspend its uranium enrichment and reprocessing activities and comply with its IAEA obligations and responsibilities. In mid-February 2011, opposition activists conducted the largest antiregime rallies since December 2009, spurred by the success of uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt. Protester turnout probably was at most tens of thousands and security forces were deployed to disperse protesters. Additional protests in March 2011 failed to elicit significant participation largely because of the robust security response, although discontent still smolders. Deteriorating economic conditions due primarily to government mismanagement and international sanctions prompted at least two major economically based protests in July and October 2012." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf, and the Caspian Sea, between Iraq and Pakistan" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "32 00 N, 53 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Middle East" - }, - "area": { - "total": "1,648,195 sq km", - "land": "1,531,595 sq km", - "water": "116,600 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Alaska" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "5,440 km", - "border_countries": "Afghanistan 936 km, Armenia 35 km, Azerbaijan-proper 432 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 179 km, Iraq 1,458 km, Pakistan 909 km, Turkey 499 km, Turkmenistan 992 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "2,440 km; note - Iran also borders the Caspian Sea (740 km)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "bilateral agreements or median lines in the Persian Gulf", - "continental_shelf": "natural prolongation" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "rugged, mountainous rim; high, central basin with deserts, mountains; small, discontinuous plains along both coasts" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Caspian Sea -28 m", - "highest_point": "Kuh-e Damavand 5,671 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, iron ore, lead, manganese, zinc, sulfur" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "10.05%", - "permanent_crops": "1.08%", - "other": "88.86% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "87,000 sq km (2009)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "137 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "93.3 cu km/yr (7%/1%/92%)", - "per_capita": "1,306 cu m/yr (2004)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "periodic droughts, floods; dust storms, sandstorms; earthquakes" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "air pollution, especially in urban areas, from vehicle emissions, refinery operations, and industrial effluents; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; oil pollution in the Persian Gulf; wetland losses from drought; soil degradation (salination); inadequate supplies of potable water; water pollution from raw sewage and industrial waste; urbanization" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location on the Persian Gulf and Strait of Hormuz, which are vital maritime pathways for crude oil transport" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Iranian(s)", - "adjective": "Iranian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Persian 61%, Azeri 16%, Kurd 10%, Lur 6%, Baloch 2%, Arab 2%, Turkmen and Turkic tribes 2%, other 1%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Persian (official) 53%, Azeri Turkic and Turkic dialects 18%, Kurdish 10%, Gilaki and Mazandarani 7%, Luri 6%, Balochi 2%, Arabic 2%, other 2%" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim (official) 98% (Shia 89%, Sunni 9%), other (includes Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian, and Baha'i) 2%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "79,853,900 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "23.8% (male 9,733,762/female 9,251,929)", - "15_24_years": "19.8% (male 8,116,169/female 7,671,139)", - "25_54_years": "45.3% (male 18,380,525/female 17,766,409)", - "55_64_years": "6.1% (male 2,383,360/female 2,472,140)", - "65_years_and_over": "5.1% (male 1,902,743/female 2,175,724) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "41 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "33.6 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "7.5 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "13.4 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "27.8 years", - "male": "27.5 years", - "female": "28.1 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.24% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "18.4 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "5.94 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "69.1% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.25% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "TEHRAN (capital) 7.19 million; Mashhad 2.592 million; Esfahan 1.704 million; Karaj 1.531 million; Tabriz 1.459 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.96 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.89 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.03 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "21 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "40.02 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "40.54 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "39.48 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "70.62 years", - "male": "69.09 years", - "female": "72.24 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.86 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "73.3% (2002)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "5.6% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.89 physicians/1,000 population (2005)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.7 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 97% of population; rural: 92% of population; total: 96% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 3% of population; rural: 8% of population; total: 4% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 0% of population; total: 0% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.2% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "92,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "6,400 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "intermediate", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea", - "vectorborne_diseases": "Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever", - "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds\r\n (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "19.4% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "4.6% (2004)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "4.7% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "85%", - "male": "89.3%", - "female": "80.7% (2008 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "14 years", - "male": "14 years", - "female": "14 years (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "23%", - "male": "20.2%", - "female": "33.9% (2008)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Islamic Republic of Iran", - "conventional_short_form": "Iran", - "local_long_form": "Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran", - "local_short_form": "Iran", - "former": "Persia" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "theocratic republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Tehran", - "geographic_coordinates": "35 42 N, 51 25 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+3.5 (8.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins fourth Tuesday in March; ends fourth Thursday in September" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "31 provinces (ostanha, singular - ostan); Alborz, Ardabil, Azarbayjan-e Gharbi (West Azerbaijan), Azarbayjan-e Sharqi (East Azerbaijan), Bushehr, Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari, Esfahan, Fars, Gilan, Golestan, Hamadan, Hormozgan, Ilam, Kerman, Kermanshah, Khorasan-e Jonubi (South Khorasan), Khorasan-e Razavi (Razavi Khorasan), Khorasan-e Shomali (North Khorasan), Khuzestan, Kohgiluyeh va Bowyer Ahmad, Kordestan, Lorestan, Markazi, Mazandaran, Qazvin, Qom, Semnan, Sistan va Baluchestan, Tehran, Yazd, Zanjan" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "1 April 1979 (Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed); notable earlier dates: ca. 625 B.C. (unification of Iran under the Medes); ca. A.D. 1501 (Iran reunified under the Safavids); 12 December 1925 (modern Iran established under the Pahlavis)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Republic Day, 1 April (1979)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "2-3 December 1979; revised 1989", - "note": "the revision in 1989 expanded powers of the presidency and eliminated the prime ministership" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "religious legal system based on sharia law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "Supreme Leader Ali Hoseini-KHAMENEI (since 4 June 1989)", - "head_of_government": "President Hasan Fereidun RUHANI (since 3 August 2013); First Vice President Mohammad Reza RAHIMI (since 13 September 2009)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers selected by the president with legislative approval; the Supreme Leader has some control over appointments to the more sensitive ministries", - "note": "also considered part of the Executive branch of government are three oversight bodies: 1) Assembly of Experts (Majles-e Khoebregan), a popularly elected body charged with determining the succession of the Supreme Leader, reviewing his performance, and deposing him if deemed necessary; 2) Expediency Council or the Council for the Discernment of Expediency (Majma-ye- Tashkhis-e -Maslahat-e- Nezam) exerts supervisory authority over the executive, judicial, and legislative branches and resolves legislative issues when the Majles and the Council of Guardians disagree and since 1989 has been used to advise national religious leaders on matters of national policy; in 2005 the Council's powers were expanded to act as a supervisory body for the government; 3) Council of Guardians of the Constitution or Council of Guardians or Guardians Council (Shora-ye Negban-e Qanon-e Asasi) determines whether proposed legislation is both constitutional and faithful to Islamic law, vets candidates in popular elections for suitability, and supervises national elections", - "elections": "supreme leader appointed for life by the Assembly of Experts; president elected by popular vote for a four-year term (eligible for a second term and additional nonconsecutive term); election last held on 14 June 2013 (next presidential election to be held in June 2017)", - "election_results": "Hasan Fereidun RUHANI 50.7%, Mohammad Baqer QALIBAF 16.6%, Saeed JALILI 11.4%, Mohsen REZAI 10.6%, Ali Akber VELAYATI 6.2%, other 4.5%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Islamic Consultative Assembly or Majles-e Shura-ye Eslami or Majles (290 seats; members elected by popular vote from single and multimember districts to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 2 March 2012 (first round); second round held on 4 May 2012; (next election to be held in 2016)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of a president and NA judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court president appointed by the head of the Supreme Judicial Council in consultation with judges of the Supreme Court; president appointed for a 5-year term; other judge appointments and tenure NA", - "subordinate_courts": "Penal Courts I and II; Islamic Revolutionary Courts; Courts of Peace; Special Clerical Court (functions outside the judicial system and handles cases involving clerics); military courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "note": "formal political parties are a relatively new phenomenon in Iran and most conservatives still prefer to work through political pressure groups rather than parties; often political parties or coalitions are formed prior to elections and disbanded soon thereafter; a loose pro-reform coalition called the 2nd Khordad Front, which includes political parties as well as less formal groups and organizations, achieved considerable success in elections for the sixth Majles in early 2000; groups in the coalition included the Islamic Iran Participation Front (IIPF), Executives of Construction Party (Kargozaran), Solidarity Party, Islamic Labor Party, Mardom Salari, Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization (MIRO), and Militant Clerics Society (MCS; Ruhaniyun); the coalition participated in the seventh Majles elections in early 2004 but boycotted them after 80 incumbent reformists were disqualified; following his defeat in the 2005 presidential elections, former MCS Secretary General and sixth Majles Speaker Mehdi KARUBI formed the National Trust Party; a new conservative group, Islamic Iran Developers Coalition (Abadgaran), took a leading position in the new Majles after winning a majority of the seats in February 2004; ahead of the 2008 Majles elections, traditional and hardline conservatives attempted to close ranks under the United Front of Principlists and the Broad Popular Coalition of Principlists; several reformist groups, such as the MIRO and the IIPF, also came together as a reformist coalition in advance of the 2008 Majles elections; the IIPF has repeatedly complained that the overwhelming majority of its candidates were unfairly disqualified from the 2008 elections" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "groups_that_generally_support_the_islamic_republic": "Ansar-e Hizballah-; Followers of the Line of the Imam and the Leader; Islamic Coalition Party (Motalefeh); Islamic Engineers Society; Tehran Militant Clergy Association (MCA; Ruhaniyat); ", - "active_pro_reform_student_group": "Office of Strengthening Unity (OSU); ", - "opposition_groups": "Freedom Movement of Iran; Green Path movement [Mehdi KARUBI, Mir-Hosein MUSAVI]; Marz-e Por Gohar; National Front; various ethnic and monarchist organizations; ", - "armed_political_groups_repressed_by_the_government": "Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (KDPI); Jundallah; Komala; Mojahedin-e Khalq Organization (MEK or MKO); People's Fedayeen; People's Free Life Party of Kurdistan (PJAK)" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "CICA, CP, D-8, ECO, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, SAARC (observer), SCO (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "text": "none; note - Iran has an Interests Section in the Pakistani Embassy; address: Iranian Interests Section, Pakistani Embassy, 2209 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007; telephone: [1] (202) 965-4990; FAX [1] (202) 965-1073" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "text": "none; note - the US Interests Section is located in the Embassy of Switzerland No. 39 Shahid Mousavi (Golestan 5th), Pasdaran Ave., Tehran, Iran; telephone [98] 21 2254 2178/2256 5273; FAX [98] 21 2258 0432" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red; the national emblem (a stylized representation of the word Allah in the shape of a tulip, a symbol of martyrdom) in red is centered in the white band; ALLAH AKBAR (God is Great) in white Arabic script is repeated 11 times along the bottom edge of the green band and 11 times along the top edge of the red band; green is the color of Islam and also represents growth, white symbolizes honesty and peace, red stands for bravery and martyrdom" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "lion" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Soroud-e Melli-ye Jomhouri-ye Eslami-ye Iran\" (National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran)", - "lyrics_music": "multiple authors/Hassan RIAHI", - "note": "adopted 1990" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Iran's economy is marked by statist policies and an inefficient state sector, which create major distortions throughout the system, and reliance on oil, which provides a large share of government revenues. Price controls, subsidies, and other rigidities weigh down the economy, undermining the potential for private-sector-led growth. Private sector activity is typically limited to small-scale workshops, farming, some manufacturing, and services. Significant informal market activity flourishes and corruption is widespread. Tehran since the early 1990s has recognized the need to reduce these inefficiencies, and in December 2010 the Majles passed President Mahmud AHMADI-NEJAD's Targeted Subsidies Law (TSL) to reduce state subsidies on food and energy. This was the most extensive economic reform since the government implemented gasoline rationing in 2007. Over a five-year period the legislation sought to phase out subsidies that previously cost Tehran $60-$100 billion annually and mostly benefited Iran''s upper and middle classes. Cash payouts of $45 per person to more than 90% of Iranian households mitigated initial widespread resistance to the TSL program. However, inflation in 2012 reached its highest level in four years, eroding the value of these cash payouts and motivating the Majles to halt planned price increases for the second half of 2012 through at least March 2013. New fiscal and monetary constraints on Tehran, following international sanctions in January against Iran''s Central Bank and oil exports, significantly reduced Iran''s oil revenue, forced government spending cuts, and fueled a 20% currency depreciation. Economic growth turned negative for the first time in two decades. Iran also continues to suffer from double-digit unemployment and underemployment. Underemployment among Iran''s educated youth has convinced many to seek jobs overseas, resulting in a significant \"brain drain.\"" - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$1.016 trillion (2012 est.); $1.035 trillion (2011 est.); $1.005 trillion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$548.9 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "-1.9% (2012 est.); 3% (2011 est.); 5.9% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$13,300 (2012 est.); $13,800 (2011 est.); $13,500 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "31.3% of GDP (2012 est.); 38.2% of GDP (2011 est.); 34.2% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "44.8%", - "government_consumption": "13.4%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "31.8%", - "investment_in_inventories": "1.5%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "24.8%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-16.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "11.3%", - "industry": "37.6%", - "services": "51% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "wheat, rice, other grains, sugar beets, sugarcane, fruits, nuts, cotton; dairy products, wool; caviar" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "petroleum, petrochemicals, fertilizers, caustic soda, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food processing (particularly sugar refining and vegetable oil production), ferrous and non-ferrous metal fabrication, armaments" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-5.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "27.05 million", - "note": "shortage of skilled labor (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "25%", - "industry": "31%", - "services": "45% (June 2007)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "15.5% (2012 est.); 15.3% (2011 est.)", - "note": "data are according to the Iranian Government" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "18.7% (2007 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.6%", - "highest_10%": "29.6% (2005)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "44.5 (2006)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$131.2 billion", - "expenditures": "$92.63 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "23.9% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "7% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "19.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 19.9% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "includes publicly guaranteed debt" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "21 March - 20 March" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "27.1% (2012 est.); 20.6% (2011 est.)", - "note": "official Iranian estimate" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "12.8% (31 December 2012 est.); 11% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$42.91 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $40.06 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$199.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $183.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$77.74 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $77.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$107.2 billion (31 December 2011); $86.62 billion (31 December 2010); $63.3 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$7.215 billion (2012 est.); $45 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$65.33 billion (2012 est.); $106.8 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "petroleum 80%, chemical and petrochemical products, fruits and nuts, carpets" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "China 22.1%, India 11.9%, Turkey 10.6%, South Korea 7.6%, Japan 7.1% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$66.97 billion (2012 est.); $74.41 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "industrial supplies, capital goods, foodstuffs and other consumer goods, technical services" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "UAE 32.2%, China 13.8%, Turkey 11.8%, South Korea 7.4% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$69.86 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $79.86 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$14.84 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $19.11 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$24.76 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $23.61 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$2.881 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.531 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Iranian rials (IRR) per US dollar -; 12,175.5 (2012 est.); 10,616.3 (2011 est.); 10,254.18 (2010 est.); 9,864.3 (2009); 9,142.8 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "213.7 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "173.1 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "6.154 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "2.068 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "56.17 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "86.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "13.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "4.231 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "2.295 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "151.2 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "1.801 million bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "1.694 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "246,500 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "187,200 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "146.1 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "144.6 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "8.42 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "6.85 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "33.07 trillion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "560.3 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "27.767 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "56.043 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "currently being modernized and expanded with the goal of not only improving the efficiency and increasing the volume of the urban service but also bringing telephone service to several thousand villages, not presently connected", - "domestic": "the addition of new fiber cables and modern switching and exchange systems installed by Iran's state-owned telecom company have improved and expanded the fixed-line network greatly; fixed-line availability has more than doubled to more than 27 million lines since 2000; additionally, mobile-cellular service has increased dramatically serving roughly 56 million subscribers in 2011; combined fixed and mobile-cellular subscribership now exceeds 100 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 98; submarine fiber-optic cable to UAE with access to Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line runs from Azerbaijan through the northern portion of Iran to Turkmenistan with expansion to Georgia and Azerbaijan; HF radio and microwave radio relay to Turkey, Azerbaijan, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Syria, Kuwait, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan; satellite earth stations - 13 (9 Intelsat and 4 Inmarsat) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-run broadcast media with no private, independent broadcasters; Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB), the state-run TV broadcaster, operates 5 nationwide channels, a news channel, about 30 provincial channels, and several international channels; about 20 foreign Persian-language TV stations broadcasting on satellite TV are capable of being seen in Iran; satellite dishes are illegal and, while their use had been tolerated, authorities began confiscating satellite dishes following the unrest stemming from the 2009 presidential election; IRIB operates 8 nationwide radio networks, a number of provincial stations, and an external service; most major international broadcasters transmit to Iran (2009)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ir" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "197,804 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "8.214 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "319 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "140", - "over_3_047_m": "42", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "29", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "26", - "914_to_1_523_m": "36", - "under_914_m": "7 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "179", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "9", - "914_to_1_523_m": "135", - "under_914_m": "32 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "26 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "condensate 7 km; condensate/gas 973 km; gas 20,794 km; liquid petroleum gas 570 km; oil 8,625 km; refined products 7,937 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "8,442 km", - "broad_gauge": "94 km 1.676-m gauge", - "standard_gauge": "8,348 km 1.435-m gauge (148 km electrified) (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "198,866 km", - "paved": "160,366 km (includes 1,948 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "38,500 km (2010)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "850 km (on Karun River; some navigation on Lake Urmia) (2012)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "76", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 8, cargo 51, chemical tanker 3, container 4, liquefied gas 1, passenger/cargo 3, petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 2, roll on/roll off 2", - "foreign_owned": "2 (UAE 2)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "71 (Barbados 5, Cyprus 10, Hong Kong 3, Malta 48, Panama 5) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Bandar-e Asaluyeh, Bandar Abbas, Bandar Emam Khomeyni" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Islamic Republic of Iran Regular Forces (Artesh): Ground Forces, Navy, Air Force (IRIAF), Khatemolanbia Air Defense Headquarters; Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (Sepah-e Pasdaran-e Enqelab-e Eslami, IRGC): Ground Resistance Forces, Navy, Aerospace Force, Quds Force (special operations); Law Enforcement Forces (2011)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for compulsory military service; 16 years of age for volunteers; 17 years of age for Law Enforcement Forces; 15 years of age for Basij Forces (Popular Mobilization Army); conscript military service obligation is 18 months; women exempt from military service (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "23,619,215", - "females_age_16_49": "22,628,341 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "20,149,222", - "females_age_16_49": "19,417,275 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "715,111", - "female": "677,372 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "2.5% of GDP (2006)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Iran protests Afghanistan's limiting flow of dammed Helmand River tributaries during drought; Iraq's lack of a maritime boundary with Iran prompts jurisdiction disputes beyond the mouth of the Shatt al Arab in the Persian Gulf; Iran and UAE dispute Tunb Islands and Abu Musa Island, which are occupied by Iran; Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia ratified Caspian seabed delimitation treaties based on equidistance, while Iran continues to insist on a one-fifth slice of the sea; Afghan and Iranian commissioners have discussed boundary monument densification and resurvey" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "2.4 million (1 million registered, 1.4 million undocumented) (Afghanistan); 42,500 (Iraq) (2013)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Iran is a presumed source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor; Iranian and Afghan boys and girls are forced into prostitution domestically; Iranian women are subjected to sex trafficking in Iran, Pakistan, the Persian Gulf, and Europe; Azerbaijani women and children are also sexually exploited in Iran; Afghan migrants and refugees and Pakistani men and women are subjected to conditions of forced labor in Iran; NGO reports indicate that criminal organizations play a significant role in human trafficking in Iran", - "tier_rating": "Tier 3 - Iran does not comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking, and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government does not share information on its anti-trafficking efforts, making it difficult to assess the country's human trafficking problem or the government's attempts to curb it; NGOs report that laws against human trafficking, forced labor, and debt bondage remain unenforced because of a lack of political will and widespread political corruption; there is no evidence that the government has a process to identify trafficking victims, refers victims to protective services, or has made efforts to prevent human trafficking (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "despite substantial interdiction efforts and considerable control measures along the border with Afghanistan, Iran remains one of the primary transshipment routes for Southwest Asian heroin to Europe; suffers one of the highest opiate addiction rates in the world, and has an increasing problem with synthetic drugs; lacks anti-money laundering laws; has reached out to neighboring countries to share counter-drug intelligence" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/middle-east/jo-jordan.json b/middle-east/jo-jordan.json deleted file mode 100644 index 65491d94..00000000 --- a/middle-east/jo-jordan.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,610 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Following World War I and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, the League of Nations awarded Britain the mandate to govern much of the Middle East. Britain demarcated a semi-autonomous region of Transjordan from Palestine in the early 1920s. The area gained its independence in 1946 and thereafter became The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The country's long-time ruler, King HUSSEIN (1953-99), successfully navigated competing pressures from the major powers (US, USSR, and UK), various Arab states, Israel, and a large internal Palestinian population. Jordan lost the West Bank to Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War. King HUSSEIN in 1988 permanently relinquished Jordanian claims to the West Bank; in 1994 he signed a peace treaty with Israel. King ABDALLAH II, King HUSSEIN's eldest son, assumed the throne following his father's death in 1999. He implemented modest political and economic reforms, but in the wake of the \"Arab Revolution\" across the Middle East, Jordanians continue to press for further political liberalization, government reforms, and economic improvements." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Middle East, northwest of Saudi Arabia, between Israel (to the west) and Iraq" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "31 00 N, 36 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Middle East" - }, - "area": { - "total": "89,342 sq km", - "land": "88,802 sq km", - "water": "540 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Indiana" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,635 km", - "border_countries": "Iraq 181 km, Israel 238 km, Saudi Arabia 744 km, Syria 375 km, West Bank 97 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "26 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "3 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to April)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly desert plateau in east, highland area in west; Great Rift Valley separates East and West Banks of the Jordan River" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Dead Sea -408 m", - "highest_point": "Jabal Umm ad Dami 1,854 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "phosphates, potash, shale oil" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "1.97%", - "permanent_crops": "0.95%", - "other": "97.08% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "788.6 sq km (2004)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "0.94 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.94 cu km/yr (31%/4%/65%)", - "per_capita": "166 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "droughts; periodic earthquakes" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "limited natural freshwater resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location at the head of the Gulf of Aqaba and as the Arab country that shares the longest border with Israel and the occupied West Bank" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Jordanian(s)", - "adjective": "Jordanian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Arab 98%, Circassian 1%, Armenian 1%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Arabic (official), English (widely understood among upper and middle classes)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Sunni Muslim 92% (official), Christian 6% (majority Greek Orthodox, but some Greek and Roman Catholics, Syrian Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Armenian Orthodox, and Protestant denominations), other 2% (several small Shia Muslim and Druze populations) (2001 est.)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "6,482,081 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "34.6% (male 1,154,791/female 1,089,901)", - "15_24_years": "19.9% (male 661,516/female 625,311)", - "25_54_years": "36.2% (male 1,181,882/female 1,164,957)", - "55_64_years": "4.3% (male 133,371/female 142,636)", - "65_years_and_over": "5.1% (male 158,514/female 169,202) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "60.2 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "54.5 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.7 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "17.6 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "22.6 years", - "male": "22.2 years", - "female": "22.9 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.14% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "26.23 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "2.8 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-22.02 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "82.7% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.17% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "AMMAN (capital) 1.088 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.93 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.95 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.03 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "24.9", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2009 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "63 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "15.26 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "15.89 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "14.59 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "80.3 years", - "male": "78.91 years", - "female": "81.77 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "3.32 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "59.3% (2009)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "8% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "2.45 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.8 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 92% of population; total: 97% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 8% of population; total: 3% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 98% of population; total: 98% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 2% of population; total: 2% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "less than 0.1% (2001 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "600 (2007 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 500 (2003 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "30% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "1.9% (2009)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "95.9%", - "male": "97.7%", - "female": "93.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "13 years", - "male": "12 years", - "female": "13 years (2010)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "29.9%", - "male": "26.2%", - "female": "46.8% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan", - "conventional_short_form": "Jordan", - "local_long_form": "Al Mamlakah al Urduniyah al Hashimiyah", - "local_short_form": "Al Urdun", - "former": "Transjordan" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "constitutional monarchy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Amman", - "geographic_coordinates": "31 57 N, 35 56 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins first Friday in April; ends last Friday in October", - "note": "Jordan remains on DST following a decision by the government to cancel a change back to Standard Time in October 2012; DST currently scheduled to end the fourth Friday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "12 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Ajlun, Al 'Aqabah, Al Balqa', Al Karak, Al Mafraq, 'Amman, At Tafilah, Az Zarqa', Irbid, Jarash, Ma'an, Madaba" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "25 May 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 25 May (1946)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "1 January 1952; amended many times" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil law and Islamic religious law; judicial review of legislative acts in a specially provided High Tribunal" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "King ABDALLAH II (since 7 February 1999); Crown Prince HUSSEIN (born 28 June 1994), eldest son of King ABDALLAH II", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Abdullah NSOUR (since 11 October 2012)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the monarch; note - a new cabinet was sworn in 30 March 2013", - "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral National Assembly or Majlis al-'Umma consists of the Senate, also called the House of Notables or Majlis al-Ayan (60 seats; members appointed by the monarch to serve four-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies, also called the House of Representatives or Majlis al-Nuwaab (150 seats; 123 members elected using the single, non-transferable vote system in multi-member districts, and 27 seats elected using a closed national list system based on proportional representation; all legislators serve four-year terms); note - the new electoral law enacted in July 2012 allocated an additional 10 seats (6 seats added to the number reserved for women, bringing the total to 15; 2 additional seats for Amman; and 1 seat each for the cities of Zarqa and Irbid; unchanged are 9 seats reserved for Christian candidates, 9 for Bedouin candidates, and 3 for Jordanians of Chechen or Circassian descent", - "elections": "Chamber of Deputies - last held on 23 January 2013 (next election NA); note - the King dissolved the previous Chamber of Deputies in November 2012, midway through the parliamentary term", - "election_results": "Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - 27 elected on closed national list to include: Islamic Centrist Party 3, Nation 2, National Union 2, Stronger Jordan 2, Ahl al-Himma 1, Al-Bayyan 1, Citizenship 1, Construction 1, Cooperation 1, Dawn 1, Dignity 1, Free Voice 1, Labor and Trade 1, National Accord Youth Block 1, National Action 1, National Current 1 (member resigned in February 2013), National Unity 1, Nobel Jerusalem 1, Salvation 1, The People 1, Unified Front 1, Voice of Nation 1; other 123; note - the IAF boycotted the election" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Court of Cassation or Supreme Court (consists of 7 judges including the chief justice; 7-judge panels for important cases and 5 judge panels for most appeals cases)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "chief justice appointed by the king; other judges nominated by the Higher Judicial Council and approved by the king; judge tenure NA", - "subordinate_courts": "courts of appeal; magistrate courts; courts of first instance; religious courts; State Security Court" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Ahl al-Himma; Al-Bayyan; Al-Hayah Jordanian Pary [Zahier AMR]; Arab Ba'ath Socialist Party [Akram al-HIMSI]; Ba'ath Arab Progressive Party [Fuad DABBOUR]; Citizenship; Construction; Cooperation; Dawn; Democratic People's Party [Ablah ABU ULBAH]; Democratic Popular Unity Party [Sa'id DIAB]; Dignity; Du'a Party [Muhammed ABU BAKR]; Free Voice; Islamic Action Front or IAF [Hamzah MANSOUR]; Islamic Centrist Party [Muhammad al-HAJ]; Jordanian Communist Party [Munir HAMARNAH]; Jordanian National Party [Muna ABU BAKR]; Jordanian United Front [Amjad al-MAJALI]; Labor and Trade; Nation; National Accord Youth Block; National Action; National Constitution Party [Ahmad al-SHUNAQ]; National Current Party [Abd al-Hadi al-MAJALI]; National Movement for Direct Democracy [Muhammad al-QAQ]; National Union; National Unity; Nobel Jerusalem; Risalah Party [Hazem QASHOU]; Salvation; Stronger Jordan; The Direct Democratic Nationalists Movement Party [Nash'at KHALIFAH]; The People; Unified Front; United Front; Voice of the Nation" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "15 April Movement [Mohammad SUNEID, chairman]; 24 March Movement [Mu'az al-KHAWALIDAH, Abdel Rahman HASANEIN, spokespersons]; 1952 Constitution Movement; Anti-Normalization Committee [Hamzah MANSOUR, chairman]; Economic and Social Association of Retired Servicemen and Veterans or ESARSV [Abdulsalam al-HASSANAT, chairman]; Group of 36; Higher Coordination Committee of Opposition Parties [Said DIAB]; Higher National Committee for Military Retirees or HNCMR [Ali al-HABASHNEH, chairman]; Hirak; Jordan Bar Association [Saleh al-ARMUTI, chairman]; Jordanian Campaign for Change or Jayin; Jordanian Muslim Brotherhood [Dr. Hamam SAID, controller general]; Jordanian Press Association [Sayf al-SHARIF, president]; National Front for Reform or NFR [Ahmad OBEIDAT, chairman]; Popular Gathering for Reform; Professional Associations Council [Abd al-Hadi al-FALAHAT, chairman]; Sons of Jordan" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, CD, CICA, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Alia Hatough BOURAN", - "chancery": "3504 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 966-2664", - "fax": "[1] (202) 966-3110" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Stuart E. JONES", - "embassy": "Abdoun, Al-Umawyeen St., Amman", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 354, Amman 11118 Jordan; Unit 70200, Box 5, DPO AE 09892-0200", - "telephone": "[962] (6) 590-6000", - "fax": "[962] (6) 592-0163" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of black (top), representing the Abbassid Caliphate, white, representing the Ummayyad Caliphate, and green, representing the Fatimid Caliphate; a red isosceles triangle on the hoist side, representing the Great Arab Revolt of 1916, and bearing a small white seven-pointed star symbolizing the seven verses of the opening Sura (Al-Fatiha) of the Holy Koran; the seven points on the star represent faith in One God, humanity, national spirit, humility, social justice, virtue, and aspirations; design is based on the Arab Revolt flag of World War I" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "eagle" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"As-salam al-malaki al-urdoni\" (Long Live the King of Jordan)", - "lyrics_music": "Abdul-Mone'm al-RIFAI'/Abdul-Qader al-TANEER", - "note": "adopted 1946; the shortened version of the anthem is used most commonly, while the full version is reserved for special occasions" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Jordan's economy is among the smallest in the Middle East, with insufficient supplies of water, oil, and other natural resources, underlying the government's heavy reliance on foreign assistance. Other economic challenges for the government include chronic high rates of poverty, unemployment, inflation, and a large budget deficit. Since assuming the throne in 1999, King ABDALLAH has implemented significant economic reforms, such as opening the trade regime, privatizing state-owned companies, and eliminating some fuel subsidies, which in the last decade spurred economic growth by attracting foreign investment and creating some jobs. The global economic slowdown and regional turmoil, however, have depressed Jordan''s GDP growth, impacting export-oriented sectors, construction, and tourism. In 2011 and 2012, the government approved two economic relief packages and a budgetary supplement, meant to improve the living conditions for the middle and poor classes. Jordan''s finances have also been strained by a series of natural gas pipeline attacks in Egypt, causing Jordan to substitute more expensive diesel imports, primarily from Saudi Arabia, to generate electricity. Jordan is currently exploring nuclear power generation in addition to the exploitation of abundant oil shale reserves and renewable technologies to forestall energy shortfalls. In 2012, to correct budgetary and balance of payments imbalances, Jordan entered into a $2.1 billion, multiple year International Monetary Fund Stand-By Arrangement. Jordan''s financial sector has been relatively isolated from the international financial crisis because of its limited exposure to overseas capital markets. Jordan will continue to depend heavily on foreign assistance to finance the deficit in 2013." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$39.29 billion (2012 est.); $38.22 billion (2011 est.); $37.25 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$31.21 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.8% (2012 est.); 2.6% (2011 est.); 2.3% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$6,100 (2012 est.); $6,100 (2011 est.); $6,100 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "6.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 12.6% of GDP (2011 est.); 19.6% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "73.6%", - "government_consumption": "21.8%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "25.9%", - "investment_in_inventories": "-1.6%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "44.7%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-64.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "3.1%", - "industry": "30.1%", - "services": "66.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "citrus, tomatoes, cucumbers, olives, strawberries, stone fruits; sheep, poultry, dairy" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "clothing, fertilizers, potash, phosphate mining, pharmaceuticals, petroleum refining, cement, inorganic chemicals, light manufacturing, tourism" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "1.835 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "2.7%", - "industry": "20%", - "services": "77.4% (2007 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "12.5% (2012 est.); 12.3% (2011 est.)", - "note": "official rate; unofficial rate is approximately 30%" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "14.2% (2002)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "3.4%", - "highest_10%": "28.7% (2010 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "39.7 (2007); 36.4 (1997)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$6.668 billion", - "expenditures": "$9.678 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "21.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-9.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "75% of GDP (2012 est.); 70.7% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover central government debt, and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "4.8% (2012 est.); 4.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "0.3% (31 December 2010 est.); 4.75% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "8.95% (31 December 2012 est.); 8.67% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$10.17 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $10.26 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$38.61 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $34.02 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$35.39 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $30.81 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$27 billion (31 December 2012); $27.18 billion (31 December 2011); $30.86 billion (31 December 2010)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$3.359 billion (2012 est.); -$2.871 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$7.897 billion (2012 est.); $8.018 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "clothing, fertilizers, potash, phosphates, vegetables, pharmaceuticals" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 16.6%, Iraq 15.1%, Saudi Arabia 11%, India 10.5%, Indonesia 4.2% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$18.4 billion (2012 est.); $16.85 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "crude oil, machinery, transport equipment, iron, cereals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Saudi Arabia 23.6%, China 9.4%, US 6.7%, Italy 4.7%, Turkey 4.6% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$8.829 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $12.11 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$17.71 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $17.63 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$24.33 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $22.92 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Jordanian dinars (JOD) per US dollar -; 0.709 (2012 est.); 0.709 (2011 est.); 0.71 (2010 est.); 0.709 (2009); 0.709 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "14.64 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "13.54 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "86 million kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "1.738 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "3.14 million kW (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "99.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "20 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "29,310 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "1 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "79,190 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "107,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "18,620 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "226.5 million cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "1.4 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "793 million cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "6.031 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "19.07 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "465,400 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "7.483 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "service has improved recently with increased use of digital switching equipment; microwave radio relay transmission and coaxial and fiber-optic cable are employed on trunk lines; growing mobile-cellular usage in both urban and rural areas is reducing use of fixed-line services", - "domestic": "1995 telecommunications law opened all non-fixed-line services to private competition; in 2005, monopoly over fixed-line services terminated and the entire telecommunications sector was opened to competition; currently multiple mobile-cellular providers with subscribership reaching 115 per 100 persons in 2011", - "international": "country code - 962; landing point for the Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) FEA and FLAG Falcon submarine cable networks; satellite earth stations - 33 (3 Intelsat, 1 Arabsat, and 29 land and maritime Inmarsat terminals); fiber-optic cable to Saudi Arabia and microwave radio relay link with Egypt and Syria; participant in Medarabtel (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "radio and TV dominated by the government-owned Jordan Radio and Television Corporation (JRTV) that operates a main network, a sports network, a film network, and a satellite channel; first independent TV broadcaster aired in 2007; international satellite TV and Israeli and Syrian TV broadcasts are available; roughly 30 radio stations with JRTV operating the main government-owned station; transmissions of multiple international radio broadcasters are available (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".jo" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "69,473 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "1.642 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "18 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "16", - "over_3_047_m": "8", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "5", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "2", - "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2012)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 473 km; oil 49 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "507 km", - "narrow_gauge": "507 km 1.050-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "7,891 km", - "paved": "7,891 km (2009)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "12", - "by_type": "cargo 4, passenger/cargo 6, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1", - "foreign_owned": "2 (UAE 2)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "16 (Bahamas 2, Egypt 2, Indonesia 1, Panama 11) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Al 'Aqabah" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF): Royal Jordanian Land Force (RJLF), Royal Jordanian Navy, Royal Jordanian Air Force (Al-Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Malakiya al-Urduniya, RJAF), Special Operations Command (Socom); Public Security Directorate (normally falls under Ministry of Interior, but comes under JAF in wartime or crisis) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "17 years of age for voluntary male military service; initial service term 2 years, with option to reenlist for 18 years; conscription at age 18 suspended in 1999; women not subject to conscription, but can volunteer to serve in noncombat military positions in the Royal Jordanian Arab Army Women's Corps and RJAF (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,674,260", - "females_age_16_49": "1,611,315 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,439,192", - "females_age_16_49": "1,384,500 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "73,574", - "female": "69,420 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "9.5% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "2004 Agreement settles border dispute with Syria pending demarcation" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "1,979,580 (Palestinian refugees (UNRWA)) (2011); 63,037 (Iraq) (2012); 519,676 (Syria) (2013)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/middle-east/kw-kuwait.json b/middle-east/kw-kuwait.json deleted file mode 100644 index 5e95e480..00000000 --- a/middle-east/kw-kuwait.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,601 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Britain oversaw foreign relations and defense for the ruling Kuwaiti AL-SABAH dynasty from 1899 until independence in 1961. Kuwait was attacked and overrun by Iraq on 2 August 1990. Following several weeks of aerial bombardment, a US-led, UN coalition began a ground assault on 23 February 1991 that liberated Kuwait in four days. Kuwait spent more than $5 billion to repair oil infrastructure damaged during 1990-91. The AL-SABAH family has ruled since returning to power in 1991 and reestablished an elected legislature that in recent years has become increasingly assertive. The country witnessed the historic election in May 2009 of four women to its National Assembly. Amid the 2010-11 uprisings and protests across the Arab world, stateless Arabs, known as bidoon, staged small protests in February and March 2011 demanding citizenship, jobs, and other benefits available to Kuwaiti nationals. Youth activist groups - supported by opposition legislators and the prime minister's rivals within the ruling family - rallied repeatedly in 2011 for an end to corruption and the ouster of the prime minister and his cabinet. Opposition legislators forced the prime minister to resign in late 2011. In October-December 2012, Kuwait witnessed unprecedented protests in response to the Amir's changes to the electoral law by decree reducing the number of votes per person from four to one. The opposition, led by a coalition of Sunni Islamists, tribalists, some liberals, and myriad youth groups, boycotted the December 2012 legislative election, resulting in a historic number of Shia candidates winning seats. Since 2006, the Amir has dissolved the National Assembly on five occasions (the Constitutional Court annulled the Assembly once in June 2012) and reshuffled the cabinet 12 times, usually citing political stagnation and gridlock between the legislature and the government." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iraq and Saudi Arabia" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "29 30 N, 45 45 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Middle East" - }, - "area": { - "total": "17,818 sq km", - "land": "17,818 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than New Jersey" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "462 km", - "border_countries": "Iraq 240 km, Saudi Arabia 222 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "499 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "dry desert; intensely hot summers; short, cool winters" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "flat to slightly undulating desert plain" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Persian Gulf 0 m", - "highest_point": "unnamed elevation 306 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, fish, shrimp, natural gas" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "0.62%", - "permanent_crops": "0.28%", - "other": "99.1% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "86 sq km (2007)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "0.02 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.91 cu km/yr (47%/2%/51%)", - "per_capita": "441.2 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "sudden cloudbursts are common from October to April and bring heavy rain, which can damage roads and houses; sandstorms and dust storms occur throughout the year but are most common between March and August" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "limited natural freshwater resources; some of world's largest and most sophisticated desalination facilities provide much of the water; air and water pollution; desertification" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Marine Dumping" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location at head of Persian Gulf" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Kuwaiti(s)", - "adjective": "Kuwaiti" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Kuwaiti 45%, other Arab 35%, South Asian 9%, Iranian 4%, other 7%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Arabic (official), English widely spoken" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim (official) 85% (Sunni 70%, Shia 30%), other (includes Christian, Hindu, Parsi) 15%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "2,695,316 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "includes 1,291,354 non-nationals" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "25.6% (male 358,415/female 330,467)", - "15_24_years": "15.4% (male 228,147/female 187,035)", - "25_54_years": "52.3% (male 896,693/female 514,196)", - "55_64_years": "4.5% (male 70,863/female 51,660)", - "65_years_and_over": "2.1% (male 27,995/female 29,845) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "37.2 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "34 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "3.2 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "31.3 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "28.8 years", - "male": "30 years", - "female": "26.6 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.79%", - "note": "this rate reflects a return to pre-Gulf crisis immigration of expatriates (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "20.61 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "2.14 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "98.3% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.42% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "KUWAIT (capital) 2.23 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.09 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.22 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.75 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.4 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.96 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.43 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "14 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "7.68 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "7.41 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "7.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "77.46 years", - "male": "76.24 years", - "female": "78.75 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.56 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "52% (1999)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "2.6% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.79 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "2 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 99% of population; total: 99% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 1% of population; total: 1% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2001 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA (2007 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "42% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "1.7% (2009)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "3.8% of GDP (2006)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "93.9%", - "male": "95%", - "female": "91.8% (2008 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "14 years", - "male": "13 years", - "female": "15 years (2004)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "11.3%", - "male": "11.8%", - "female": "10% (2005)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "State of Kuwait", - "conventional_short_form": "Kuwait", - "local_long_form": "Dawlat al Kuwayt", - "local_short_form": "Al Kuwayt" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "constitutional emirate" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Kuwait City", - "geographic_coordinates": "29 22 N, 47 58 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "6 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Al Ahmadi, Al 'Asimah, Al Farwaniyah, Al Jahra', Hawalli, Mubarak al Kabir" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "19 June 1961 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "National Day, 25 February (1950)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "approved and promulgated 11 November 1962" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system consisting of English common law, French civil law, and Islamic religious law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "21 years of age; universal; note - males in the military or police are by law not allowed to vote; all voters must have been citizens for 20 years" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "Amir SABAH al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah (since 29 January 2006); Crown Prince NAWAF al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah (born 25 June 1937)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister JABIR AL-MUBARAK al-Hamad al-Sabah (since 30 November 2011); First Deputy Prime Minister KHALID al-Jarrah al-Sabah; Deputy Prime Ministers MUHAMMAD AL-KHALID al-Hamad al-Sabah, SALIM al-Abd al-Aziz al-Saud al-Sabah, Mustafa al-Jassim al-SHAMALI", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister and approved by the amir; new cabinet formed in February 2012", - "elections": "none; the amir is hereditary; the amir appoints the prime minister and deputy prime ministers" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Majlis al-Umma (65 seats - 50 members elected by popular vote plus 16 cabinet ministers, one of whom is also an elected MP, appointed by the prime minister as ex officio voting members; elected members serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held 27 July 2013 (next to be held in July 2017)", - "election_results": "percent of vote - NA; seats won - tribal and liberal groups 27, Shiite 8, Sunni 7, other 8" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Constitutional Court (five judges); Supreme Court or Court of Cassation (organized into several circuits, each with five judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "all Kuwaiti judges appointed by the Amir upon recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council, a consultative body comprised of Kuwaiti judges and Ministry of Justice officials", - "subordinate_courts": "High Court of Appeal; Court of First Instance; Summary Court" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "none; while the formation of political parties is not permitted, they are not forbidden by law" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "other": "Islamists; merchants; political groups; secular liberals and pro-governmental deputies; Shia activists; tribal groups" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ABEDA, AfDB (nonregional member), AFESD, AMF, BDEAC, CAEU, CD, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, Paris Club (associate), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador SALIM al-Abdallah al-Jabir al-Sabah", - "chancery": "2940 Tilden Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 966-0702", - "fax": "[1] (202) 364-2868", - "consulates_general": "Los Angeles" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Matthew H. TUELLER", - "embassy": "Bayan 36302, Block 13, Al-Masjed Al-Aqsa Street (near the Bayan palace), Kuwait City", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 77 Safat 13001 Kuwait; or PSC 1280 APO AE 09880-9000", - "telephone": "[965] 2259-1001", - "fax": "[965] 2538-0282" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red with a black trapezoid based on the hoist side; colors and design are based on the Arab Revolt flag of World War I; green represents fertile fields, white stands for purity, red denotes blood on Kuwaiti swords, black signifies the defeat of the enemy" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "golden falcon" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Al-Nasheed Al-Watani\" (National Anthem)", - "lyrics_music": "Ahmad MUSHARI al-Adwani/Ibrahim Nasir al-SOULA", - "note": "adopted 1978; the anthem is only used on formal occasions" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Kuwait has a geographically small, but wealthy, relatively open economy with crude oil reserves of about 102 billion barrels - about 7% of world reserves. Petroleum accounts for nearly half of GDP, 95% of export revenues, and 95% of government income. Kuwaiti officials have committed to increasing oil production to 4 million barrels per day by 2020. The rise in global oil prices throughout 2011 and 2012 is reviving government consumption and economic growth. Kuwait has experienced a 20% increase in government budget revenue, which has led to higher budget expenditures, particularly wage hikes for many public sector employees. Kuwait has done little to diversify its economy, in part, because of this positive fiscal situation, and, in part, due to the poor business climate and the historically acrimonious relationship between the National Assembly and the executive branch, which has stymied most movement on economic reforms. In 2010, Kuwait passed an economic development plan that pledges to spend up to $130 billion over five years to diversify the economy away from oil, attract more investment, and boost private sector participation in the economy." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$153.4 billion (2012 est.); $146 billion (2011 est.); $137.4 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$173.4 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "5.1% (2012 est.); 6.3% (2011 est.); -2.4% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$40,500 (2012 est.); $39,700 (2011 est.); $38,300 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "59.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 57.3% of GDP (2011 est.); 51.1% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "21.8%", - "government_consumption": "14.5%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "14%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "73.7%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-24% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "0.3%", - "industry": "50.2%", - "services": "49.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "petroleum, petrochemicals, cement, shipbuilding and repair, water desalination, food processing, construction materials" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "10.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "2.304 million", - "note": "non-Kuwaitis represent about 60% of the labor force (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "NA%", - "industry": "NA%", - "services": "NA%" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "2.2% (2004 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$115.8 billion", - "expenditures": "$58.08 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "66.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "33.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "6% of GDP (2012 est.); 7.5% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 April - 31 March" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.9% (2012 est.); 4.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "1.25% (31 December 2010 est.); 3% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "5% (31 December 2012 est.); 5.2% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$27.55 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $22.85 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$109.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $99.89 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$88.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $90.64 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$100.9 billion (31 December 2011); $119.6 billion (31 December 2010); $95.94 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$73.26 billion (2012 est.); $70.78 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$121 billion (2012 est.); $102.9 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "oil and refined products, fertilizers" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "South Korea 16%, India 15.7%, Japan 13.4%, US 11.7%, China 9.2%, Singapore 4.2% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$22.79 billion (2012 est.); $22.08 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "food, construction materials, vehicles and parts, clothing" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "US 11.8%, China 9.2%, Saudi Arabia 8.3%, Japan 8.2%, South Korea 7%, Germany 5.1%, Italy 4.7%, India 4.6%, UAE 4.2% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$29 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $25.91 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$30.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $32.01 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$4.645 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.768 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$56.07 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $48.4 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Kuwaiti dinars (KD) per US dollar -; 0.2799 (2012 est.); 0.276 (2011 est.); 0.2866 (2010 est.); 0.2877 (2009); 0.2679 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "51.32 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "43.41 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "10.94 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "2.682 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "1.365 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "101.5 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "902,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "339,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "717,700 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "11.73 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "12.62 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "890 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "1.798 trillion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "81.33 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "514,700 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "4.935 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "the quality of service is excellent", - "domestic": "new telephone exchanges provide a large capacity for new subscribers; trunk traffic is carried by microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, and open-wire and fiber-optic cable; a mobile-cellular telephone system operates throughout Kuwait, and the country is well supplied with pay telephones", - "international": "country code - 965; linked to international submarine cable Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); linked to Bahrain, Qatar, UAE via the Fiber-Optic Gulf (FOG) cable; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia; satellite earth stations - 6 (3 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean, 1 Inmarsat - Atlantic Ocean, and 2 Arabsat) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-owned TV broadcaster operates 4 networks and a satellite channel; several private TV broadcasters have emerged since 2003; satellite TV available with pan-Arab TV stations especially popular; state-owned Radio Kuwait broadcasts on a number of channels in Arabic and English; first private radio station emerged in 2005; transmissions of at least 2 international radio broadcasters are available (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".kw" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "2,771 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "1.1 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "7 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "4", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "3", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "4 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 261 km; oil 540 km; refined products 57 km (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "5,749 km", - "paved": "4,887 km", - "unpaved": "862 km (2004)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "34", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 2, carrier 3, container 6, liquefied gas 4, petroleum tanker 19", - "registered_in_other_countries": "45 (Bahamas 1, Bahrain 5, Comoros 1, Libya 1, Malta 3, Marshall Islands 2, Panama 12, Qatar 6, Saudi Arabia 4, UAE 10) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Ash Shu'aybah, Ash Shuwaykh, Az Zawr (Mina' Sa'ud), Mina' 'Abd Allah, Mina' al Ahmadi" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Kuwaiti Land Forces (KLF), Kuwaiti Navy, Kuwaiti Air Force (Al-Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Kuwaitiya; includes Kuwaiti Air Defense Force, KADF), Kuwaiti National Guard (KNG) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "17-21 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription suspended (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,002,480", - "females_age_16_49": "616,958 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "840,912", - "females_age_16_49": "523,206 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "17,653", - "female": "16,232 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "3.7% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Kuwait and Saudi Arabia continue negotiating a joint maritime boundary with Iran; no maritime boundary exists with Iraq in the Persian Gulf" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "stateless_persons": "93,000 (2012); note - Kuwait's 1959 Nationality Law defined citizens as persons who settled in the country before 1920 and who had maintained normal residence since then; one-third of the population, descendants of Bedouin tribes, missed the window of opportunity to register for nationality rights after Kuwait became independent in 1961 and were classified as bidun (meaning without); since the 1980s Kuwait's bidun have progressively lost their rights, including opportunities for employment and education, amid official claims that they are nationals of other countries who have destroyed their identification documents in hopes of gaining Kuwaiti citizenship; Kuwaiti authorities have delayed processing citizenship applications and labeled biduns as \"illegal residents,\" denying them access to civil documentation, such as birth and marriage certificates; 2011 bidun demonstrations for the recognition of their Kuwaiti nationality led to several arrests" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Kuwait is a destination country for men and women subjected to forced labor and, to a lesser degree, forced prostitution; men and women migrate from India, Egypt, Bangladesh, Syria, Pakistan, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Nepal, Iran, Jordan, Ethiopia, and Iraq to work in Kuwait, most of them in the domestic service, construction, and sanitation sectors; although most of these migrants enter Kuwait voluntarily, upon arrival some are subjected to conditions of forced labor by their sponsors and labor agents, including nonpayment of wages, long working hours without rest, deprivation of food, threats, physical or sexual abuse, and restrictions on movement, such as the withholding of passports or confinement to the workplace", - "tier_rating": "Tier 3 - Kuwait does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making sufficient efforts to do so; the government enacted comprehensive anti-trafficking legislation in 2013 but did not report any arrests, prosecutions, convictions, or sentences of traffickers for either forced labor or sex trafficking in the last year; Kuwait's victim protection measures remain weak, particularly due to its lack of proactive victim identification procedures and continued reliance on the sponsorship system, which causes victims of trafficking to be punished for immigration violations rather than protected (2013)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/middle-east/lb-lebanon.json b/middle-east/lb-lebanon.json deleted file mode 100644 index faac7795..00000000 --- a/middle-east/lb-lebanon.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,623 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Following World War I, France acquired a mandate over the northern portion of the former Ottoman Empire province of Syria. The French demarcated the region of Lebanon in 1920 and granted this area independence in 1943. Since independence the country has been marked by periods of political turmoil interspersed with prosperity built on its position as a regional center for finance and trade. The country's 1975-90 civil war that resulted in an estimated 120,000 fatalities, was followed by years of social and political instability. Sectarianism is a key element of Lebanese political life. Neighboring Syria has long influenced Lebanon's foreign policy and internal policies, and its military occupied Lebanon from 1976 until 2005. The Lebanon-based Hizballah militia and Israel continued attacks and counterattacks against each other after Syria's withdrawal, and fought a brief war in 2006. Lebanon's borders with Syria and Israel remain unresolved." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Israel and Syria" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "33 50 N, 35 50 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Middle East" - }, - "area": { - "total": "10,400 sq km", - "land": "10,230 sq km", - "water": "170 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "about 0.7 times the size of Connecticut" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "454 km", - "border_countries": "Israel 79 km, Syria 375 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "225 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "Mediterranean; mild to cool, wet winters with hot, dry summers; Lebanon mountains experience heavy winter snows" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "narrow coastal plain; El Beqaa (Bekaa Valley) separates Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon Mountains" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Mediterranean Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Qornet es Saouda 3,088 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "limestone, iron ore, salt, water-surplus state in a water-deficit region, arable land" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "10.72%", - "permanent_crops": "12.06%", - "other": "77.22% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "1,040 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "4.5 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "1.31 cu km/yr (29%/11%/60%)", - "per_capita": "316.8 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "dust storms, sandstorms" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Beirut from vehicular traffic and the burning of industrial wastes; pollution of coastal waters from raw sewage and oil spills" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "Nahr el Litani is the only major river in Near East not crossing an international boundary; rugged terrain historically helped isolate, protect, and develop numerous factional groups based on religion, clan, and ethnicity" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Lebanese (singular and plural)", - "adjective": "Lebanese" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Arab 95%, Armenian 4%, other 1%", - "note": "many Christian Lebanese do not identify themselves as Arab but rather as descendents of the ancient Canaanites and prefer to be called Phoenicians" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim 59.7% (Shia, Sunni, Druze, Isma'ilite, Alawite or Nusayri), Christian 39% (Maronite Catholic, Greek Orthodox, Melkite Catholic, Armenian Orthodox, Syrian Catholic, Armenian Catholic, Syrian Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Chaldean, Assyrian, Coptic, Protestant), other 1.3%", - "note": "17 religious sects recognized" - }, - "population": { - "text": "4,131,583 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "22.1% (male 467,416/female 445,352)", - "15_24_years": "17.5% (male 368,097/female 353,518)", - "25_54_years": "42.4% (male 844,217/female 906,795)", - "55_64_years": "8.7% (male 165,271/female 193,312)", - "65_years_and_over": "9.4% (male 178,080/female 209,525) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "41.8 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "29.5 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "12.3 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "8.1 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "30.9 years", - "male": "29.7 years", - "female": "32.1 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.04% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "14.79 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "6.73 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-8.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "87.2% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.86% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "BEIRUT (capital) 1.909 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.93 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.86 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.86 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.96 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "25 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "14.81 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "14.98 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "14.64 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "75.46 years", - "male": "73.86 years", - "female": "77.13 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.75 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "58% (2004)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "7% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "3.54 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "3.5 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 87% of population; total: 98% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 13% of population; total: 2% of population (2000 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "3,600 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 500 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "27.4% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "4.2% (2004)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "1.7% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "89.6%", - "male": "93.4%", - "female": "86% (2007 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "14 years", - "male": "14 years", - "female": "15 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "54,387", - "percentage": "7 % (2000 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "22.1%", - "male": "22.3%", - "female": "21.5% (2007)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Lebanese Republic", - "conventional_short_form": "Lebanon", - "local_long_form": "Al Jumhuriyah al Lubnaniyah", - "local_short_form": "Lubnan", - "former": "Greater Lebanon" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Beirut", - "geographic_coordinates": "33 52 N, 35 30 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "6 governorates (mohafazat, singular - mohafazah); Beqaa, Beyrouth (Beirut), Liban-Nord, Liban-Sud, Mont-Liban, Nabatiye", - "note": "two new governorates - Aakkar and Baalbek-Hermel - have been legislated but not yet implemented" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "22 November 1943 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 22 November (1943)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "23 May 1926; amended a number of times, most recently in 1990 to include changes necessitated by the Charter of Lebanese National Reconciliation (Ta'if Accord) of October 1989" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil law based on the French civil code, Ottoman legal tradition, and religious laws covering personal status, marriage, divorce, and other family relations of the Jewish, Islamic, and Christian communities" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "21 years of age; compulsory for all males; authorized for women at age 21 with elementary education; excludes military personnel" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "note": "following the resignation of Prime Minister Najib MIQATI and his Cabinet on 22 March 2013, the government is in caretaker status until a new prime minister is named and a new cabinet is formed", - "chief_of_state": "President Michel SULAYMAN (since 25 May 2008)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Najib MIQATI (since 7 July 2011), Deputy Prime Minister Samir MOQBIL (since 7 July 2011)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president and members of the National Assembly", - "elections": "president elected by the National Assembly for a six-year term (may not serve consecutive terms); election last held on 25 May 2008 (next to be held in 2014); the prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president in consultation with the National Assembly", - "election_results": "Michel SULAYMAN elected president; National Assembly vote - 118 for, 6 abstentions, 3 invalidated; 1 seat unfilled due to death of incumbent" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Majlis al-Nuwab (Arabic) or Assemblee Nationale (French) (128 seats; members elected by popular vote on the basis of sectarian proportional representation to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 7 June 2009 (next to be held in 2013)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by group - March 8 Coalition 54.7%, March 14 Coalition 45.3%; seats by group - March 14 Coalition 71; March 8 Coalition 57; seats by party following 16 July 2012 byelection held to fill one seat - March 14 Coalition 72, March 8 Coalition 56" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Court of Cassation or Supreme Court (organized into 4 divisions, each with a presiding judge and 2 associate judges); Constitutional Council (consists of 10 members)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Court of Cassation judges appointed by Supreme Judicial Council, headed by the chief justice, and includes other judicial officials; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Council members appointed - 5 by the Council of Ministers and 5 by parliament; members serve 5-year terms", - "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal (6); Courts of First Instance; specialized tribunals, religious courts; military courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "14_march_coalition": "Democratic Left [Ilyas ATALLAH]; Democratic Renewal Movement [Nassib LAHUD]; Future Movement Bloc [Sa'ad al-HARIRI]; Kataeb Party [Amine GEMAYEL]; Lebanese Forces [Samir JA'JA]; Tripoli Independent Bloc; ", - "8_march_coalition": "Development and Resistance Bloc [Nabih BERRI, leader of Amal Movement]; Free Patriotic Movement [Michel AWN]; Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc [Mohammad RA'AD] (includes Hizballah [Hassan NASRALLAH]); Nasserite Popular Movement [Usama SAAD]; Popular Bloc [Elias SKAFF]; Syrian Ba'th Party [Sayez SHUKR]; Syrian Social Nationalist Party [Ali QANSO]; Tashnaq [Hovig MEKHITIRIAN]; ", - "independent": "Democratic Gathering Bloc [Walid JUNBLATT, leader of Progressive Socialist Party]; Metn Bloc [Michel MURR]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Maronite Church [Patriarch Bishara al-Ra'i]; ", - "other": "note - most sects retain militias and a number of militant groups operate in Palestinian refugee camps" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Antoine CHEDID", - "chancery": "2560 28th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 939-6300", - "fax": "[1] (202) 939-6324", - "consulates_general": "Detroit, New York, Los Angeles" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Maura CONNELLY", - "embassy": "Awkar, Lebanon (Awkar facing the Municipality)", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 70-840, Antelias, Lebanon; from US: US Embassy Beirut, 6070 Beirut Place, Washington, DC 20521-6070", - "telephone": "[961] (4) 542600, 543600", - "fax": "[961] (4) 544136" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three horizontal bands consisting of red (top), white (middle, double width), and red (bottom) with a green cedar tree centered in the white band; the red bands symbolize blood shed for liberation, the white band denotes peace, the snow of the mountains, and purity; the green cedar tree is the symbol of Lebanon and represents eternity, steadiness, happiness, and prosperity" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "cedar tree" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Kulluna lil-watan\" (All Of Us, For Our Country!)", - "lyrics_music": "Rachid NAKHLE/Wadih SABRA", - "note": "adopted 1927; the anthem was chosen following a nationwide competition" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Lebanon has a free-market economy and a strong laissez-faire commercial tradition. The government does not restrict foreign investment; however, the investment climate suffers from red tape, corruption, arbitrary licensing decisions, complex customs procedures, high taxes, tariffs, and fees, archaic legislation, and weak intellectual property rights. The Lebanese economy is service-oriented; main growth sectors include banking and tourism. The 1975-90 civil war seriously damaged Lebanon's economic infrastructure, cut national output by half, and derailed Lebanon's position as a Middle Eastern entrepot and banking hub. Following the civil war, Lebanon rebuilt much of its war-torn physical and financial infrastructure by borrowing heavily - mostly from domestic banks - saddling the government with a huge debt burden. Pledges of economic and financial reforms made at separate international donor conferences during the 2000s have mostly gone unfulfilled, including those made during the Paris III Donor Conference in 2007 following the July 2006 war. The collapse of the government in early 2011 over its backing of the Special Tribunal for Lebanon and unrest in neighboring Syria slowed economic growth to the 1-2% range in 2011-12, after four years of 8% average growth. In September 2011 the Cabinet endorsed a bill that would provide $1.2 billion in funding to improve Lebanon''s downtrodden electricity sector, but fiscal limitations will test the government''s ability to invest in other areas, such as water." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$64.22 billion (2012 est.); $63.27 billion (2011 est.); $62.34 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$41.35 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.5% (2012 est.); 1.5% (2011 est.); 7% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$16,000 (2012 est.); $16,000 (2011 est.); $16,000 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "17.7% of GDP (2012 est.); 22.2% of GDP (2011 est.); 13.5% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "81.5%", - "government_consumption": "15.2%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "32.9%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "19.2%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-48.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "4.6%", - "industry": "19.7%", - "services": "75.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "citrus, grapes, tomatoes, apples, vegetables, potatoes, olives, tobacco; sheep, goats" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "banking, tourism, food processing, wine, jewelry, cement, textiles, mineral and chemical products, wood and furniture products, oil refining, metal fabricating" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "1.481 million", - "note": "in addition, there are as many as 1 million foreign workers (2007 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "NA%", - "industry": "NA%", - "services": "NA%" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "28% (1999 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$9.396 billion", - "expenditures": "$13.32 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "22.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-9.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "127.5% of GDP (2012 est.); 133.2% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover central government debt, and exclude debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "6.4% (2012 est.); 5.1% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "3.5% (31 December 2010 est.); 10% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "7.25% (31 December 2012 est.); 7.53% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$4.712 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.072 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$97.04 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $92 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$75.76 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $69.65 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$10.16 billion (31 December 2011); $12.59 billion (31 December 2010); $12.89 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$7.85 billion (2012 est.); -$4.163 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$5.662 billion (2012 est.); $5.386 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "jewelry, base metals, chemicals, miscellaneous consumer goods, fruit and vegetables, tobacco, construction minerals, electric power machinery and switchgear, textile fibers, paper" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "South Africa 16.9%, Switzerland 10.7%, UAE 8.7%, Saudi Arabia 8.5%, Syria 6.4%, Iraq 4.4% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$20.38 billion (2012 est.); $19.3 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "petroleum products, cars, medicinal products, clothing, meat and live animals, consumer goods, paper, textile fabrics, tobacco, electrical machinery and equipment, chemicals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "US 11.2%, China 8.3%, Italy 7.8%, France 7.4%, Germany 5.4%, Turkey 4.7%, Egypt 4.1%, Greece 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$52.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $48.14 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$29.02 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $24.88 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Lebanese pounds (LBP) per US dollar -; 1,507.5 (2012 est.); 1,507.5 (2011 est.); 1,507.5 (2010 est.); 1,507.5 (2009); 1,507.5 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "12.98 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "12.34 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "1.155 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "2.314 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "87.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "12.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "106,700 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "102,300 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "15.24 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "900,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "3.35 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "repair of the telecommunications system, severely damaged during the civil war, now complete", - "domestic": "two mobile-cellular networks provide good service; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular subscribership roughly 100 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 961; submarine cable links to Cyprus, Egypt, and Syria; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean); coaxial cable to Syria (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "7 TV stations, 1 of which is state-owned; more than 30 radio stations, 1 of which is state-owned; satellite and cable TV services available; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are accessible through partner stations (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".lb" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "64,926 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "1 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "8 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "5", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "3", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 88 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "401 km", - "standard_gauge": "319 km 1.435-m gauge", - "narrow_gauge": "82 km 1.050-m gauge", - "note": "rail system unusable because of the damage done during fighting in the 1980s and in 2006 (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "6,970 km (includes 170 km of expressways) (2005)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "29", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 4, cargo 7, carrier 17, vehicle carrier 1", - "foreign_owned": "2 (Syria 2)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "34 (Barbados 2, Cambodia 5, Comoros 2, Egypt 1, Georgia 1, Honduras 2, Liberia 1, Malta 6, Moldova 1, Panama 2, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2, Sierra Leone 2, Togo 6, unknown 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Beirut, Tripoli" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF): Lebanese Army ((Al Jaysh al Lubnani) includes Lebanese Navy (Al Quwwat al Bahiriyya al Lubnaniya), Lebanese Air Force (Al Quwwat al Jawwiya al Lubnaniya)) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "17-30 years of age for voluntary military service; 18-24 years of age for officer candidates; no conscription (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,081,016", - "females_age_16_49": "1,115,349 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "920,825", - "females_age_16_49": "941,806 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "36,856", - "female": "35,121 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "2.5% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "lacking a treaty or other documentation describing the boundary, portions of the Lebanon-Syria boundary are unclear with several sections in dispute; since 2000, Lebanon has claimed Shab'a Farms area in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights; the roughly 2,000-strong UN Interim Force in Lebanon has been in place since 1978" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "436,154 (Palestinian refugees (UNRWA)) (2011); 6,516 (Iraq) (2012); 739,823 (Syria) (2013)", - "idps": "at least 47,000 (1975-90 civil war, 2007 Lebanese security forces' destruction of Palestinian refugee camp) (2011)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Lebanon is a source, transit, and destination country for women and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; Eastern European women and children are transported through Lebanon for sexual exploitation in other Middle Eastern countries; women from Sri Lanka, the Philippines, Ethiopia, Kenya, Bangladesh, Nepal, Madagascar, Congo, Togo, Cameroon, and Nigeria are recruited by agencies to work in domestic service but are often subject to conditions indicative of forced labor, including the withholding of passports, nonpayment of wages, restricted movement, threats, and abuse; Lebanon's artiste visa program enabling women to work as dancers for three months in the adult entertainment industry sustains a significant sex trade; anecdotal information indicates some Lebanese children are victims of forced labor, such as street begging and commercial sexual exploitation; Syrian refugee women and children in Lebanon are at increased risk of sex trafficking", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Lebanon does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government conducts investigations of human trafficking and possibly some prosecutions but for another year did not report convicting any trafficking offenders or officials complicit in human trafficking; the government continues to lack a formal system for identifying victims and does not have a policy to protect victims from being punished for crimes committed as a direct result of being trafficked; NGOs, rather than the government, provide victim assistance and protection (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "cannabis cultivation dramatically reduced to 2,500 hectares in 2002 despite continued significant cannabis consumption; opium poppy cultivation minimal; small amounts of Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin transit country on way to European markets and for Middle Eastern consumption; money laundering of drug proceeds fuels concern that extremists are benefiting from drug trafficking" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/middle-east/om-oman.json b/middle-east/om-oman.json deleted file mode 100644 index 1a8f2901..00000000 --- a/middle-east/om-oman.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,593 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The inhabitants of the area of Oman have long prospered on Indian Ocean trade. In the late 18th century, a newly established sultanate in Muscat signed the first in a series of friendship treaties with Britain. Over time, Oman's dependence on British political and military advisors increased, but it never became a British colony. In 1970, QABOOS bin Said Al-Said overthrew his father, and he has since ruled as sultan. His extensive modernization program has opened the country to the outside world while preserving the longstanding close ties with the UK. Oman's moderate, independent foreign policy has sought to maintain good relations with all Middle Eastern countries. Inspired by the popular uprisings that swept the Middle East and North Africa beginning in January 2011, Omanis began staging marches and demonstrations to demand economic benefits, an end to corruption, and greater political rights. In response to protester demands, QABOOS in 2011 pledged to implement economic and political reforms, such as granting legislative and regulatory powers to the Majlis al-Shura and introducing unemployment benefits. In August 2012, the Sultan announced a royal directive mandating the speedy implementation of a national job creation plan for thousands of public and private sector jobs. As part of the government's efforts to decentralize authority and allow greater citizen participation in local governance, Oman successfully conducted its first municipal council elections in December 2012. Announced by the Sultan in 2011, the municipal councils will have the power to advise the Royal Court on the needs of local districts across Oman's 11 governorates." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Oman, and Persian Gulf, between Yemen and UAE" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "21 00 N, 57 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Middle East" - }, - "area": { - "total": "309,500 sq km", - "land": "309,500 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Kansas" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,374 km", - "border_countries": "Saudi Arabia 676 km, UAE 410 km, Yemen 288 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "2,092 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "dry desert; hot, humid along coast; hot, dry interior; strong southwest summer monsoon (May to September) in far south" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "central desert plain, rugged mountains in north and south" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Arabian Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Jabal Shams 2,980 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, copper, asbestos, some marble, limestone, chromium, gypsum, natural gas" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "0.1%", - "permanent_crops": "0.12%", - "other": "99.77% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "588.5 sq km (2004)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "1.4 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "1.32 cu km/yr (10%/1%/88%)", - "per_capita": "515.8 cu m/yr (2003)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "summer winds often raise large sandstorms and dust storms in interior; periodic droughts" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "rising soil salinity; beach pollution from oil spills; limited natural freshwater resources" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location on Musandam Peninsula adjacent to Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for world crude oil" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Omani(s)", - "adjective": "Omani" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Arab, Baluchi, South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan, Bangladeshi), African" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Ibadhi Muslim (official) 75%, other (includes Sunni Muslim, Shia Muslim, Hindu) 25%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "3,154,134 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "includes 577,293 non-nationals" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "30.6% (male 494,444/female 469,752)", - "15_24_years": "20.2% (male 333,583/female 302,618)", - "25_54_years": "42.1% (male 781,396/female 547,872)", - "55_64_years": "3.9% (male 65,722/female 56,673)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.2% (male 51,515/female 50,559) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "35.7 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "31.9 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "3.8 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "26.2 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "24.7 years", - "male": "25.9 years", - "female": "23.1 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.06% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "24.43 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "3.4 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.47 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "73.4% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.23% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "MUSCAT (capital) 634,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.1 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.45 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.17 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.22 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "32 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "14.46 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "14.76 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "14.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "74.72 years", - "male": "72.84 years", - "female": "76.7 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.86 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "31.7% (2000)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "2.8% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.9 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.8 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 93% of population; rural: 78% of population; total: 89% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 7% of population; rural: 22% of population; total: 11% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 95% of population; total: 99% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 5% of population; total: 1% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "1,100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "20.9% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "8.6% (2009)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "4.3% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "86.9%", - "male": "90.2%", - "female": "81.8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "14 years", - "male": "14 years", - "female": "14 years (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Sultanate of Oman", - "conventional_short_form": "Oman", - "local_long_form": "Saltanat Uman", - "local_short_form": "Uman", - "former": "Muscat and Oman" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "monarchy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Muscat", - "geographic_coordinates": "23 37 N, 58 35 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "11 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazat); Ad Dakhiliyah, Al Buraymi, Al Wusta, Az Zahirah, Janub al Batinah (Al Batinah South), Janub ash Sharqiyah (Ash Sharqiyah South), Masqat (Muscat), Musandam, Shamal al Batinah (Al Batinah North), Shamal ash Sharqiyah (Ash Sharqiyah North), Zufar (Dhofar)" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "1650 (expulsion of the Portuguese)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Birthday of Sultan QABOOS, 18 November (1940)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "none; note - on 6 November 1996, Sultan QABOOS issued a royal decree promulgating a basic law considered by the government to be a constitution which, among other things, clarifies the royal succession, provides for a prime minister, bars ministers from holding interests in companies doing business with the government, establishes a bicameral legislature, and guarantees basic civil liberties for Omani citizens" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of Anglo-Saxon law and Islamic law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "21 years of age; universal; note - members of the military and security forces by law are not allowed to vote" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "Sultan and Prime Minister QABOOS bin Said Al-Said (sultan since 23 July 1970 and prime minister since 23 July 1972); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "Sultan and Prime Minister QABOOS bin Said Al-Said (sultan since 23 July 1970 and prime minister since 23 July 1972)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the monarch", - "elections": "the Ruling Family Council determines a successor from the Sultan's extended family; if the Council cannot form a consensus within three days of the Sultan's death or incapacitation, the Defense Council will relay a predetermined heir as chosen by the Sultan" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral - consists of Majlis al-Dawla or upper chamber (71 seats; members appointed by the sultan; has only advisory powers) and Majlis al-Shura or lower chamber (84 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms; body has authority to draft legislation but is subordinate to the Sultan)", - "elections": "(Majlis al-Shura) last held on 15 October 2011 (next to be held in October 2015)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; note - three prominent figures from the Arab Spring 2011 protests won seats; one woman also won a seat" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of 5 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges nominated by the 9-member Supreme Judicial Council (chaired by the monarch) and appointed by the monarch; judge tenure NA", - "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal; Courts of First Instance; sharia courts; magistrates' courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "political parties are illegal" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "none" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Hunaina bint Sultan bin Ahmad al-MUGHAIRI", - "chancery": "2535 Belmont Road, NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 387-1980", - "fax": "[1] (202) 745-4933" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Greta C. HOLTZ", - "embassy": "Jamait Ad Duwal Al Arabiyya Street, Al Khuwair area, Muscat", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 202, P.C. 115, Madinat Al Sultan Qaboos, Muscat", - "telephone": "[968] 24-643-400", - "fax": "[968] 24-64-37-40" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three horizontal bands of white, red, and green of equal width with a broad, vertical, red band on the hoist side; the national emblem (a khanjar dagger in its sheath superimposed on two crossed swords in scabbards) in white is centered near the top of the vertical band; white represents peace and prosperity, red recalls battles against foreign invaders, and green symbolizes the Jebel Akhdar (Green Mountains) and fertility" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Khanjar dagger superimposed on two crossed swords" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Nashid as-Salaam as-Sultani\" (The Sultan's Anthem)", - "lyrics_music": "Rashid bin Uzayyiz al KHUSAIDI/James Frederick MILLS, arranged by Bernard EBBINGHAUS", - "note": "adopted 1932; new words were written after QABOOS bin Said al Said gained power in 1970; the anthem was first performed by the band of a British ship as a salute to the Sultan during a 1932 visit to Muscat; the bandmaster of the HMS Hawkins was asked to write a salutation to the Sultan on the occasion of his visiting the ship" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Oman is a middle-income economy that is heavily dependent on dwindling oil resources. Because of declining reserves and a rapidly growing labor force, Muscat has actively pursued a development plan that focuses on diversification, industrialization, and privatization, with the objective of reducing the oil sector's contribution to GDP to 9% by 2020 and creating more jobs to employ the rising numbers of Omanis entering the workforce. Tourism and gas-based industries are key components of the government's diversification strategy. However, increases in social welfare benefits, particularly since the Arab Spring, will challenge the government's ability to effectively balance its budget if oil revenues decline. By using enhanced oil recovery techniques, Oman succeeded in increasing oil production, giving the country more time to diversify, and the increase in global oil prices through 2011 provided the government greater financial resources to invest in non-oil sectors. In 2012, continued surpluses resulting from sustained high oil prices and increased enhanced oil recovery allowed the government to maintain growth in social subsidies and public sector job creation. However, the Sultan made widely reported statements indicating this would not be sustainable, and called for expanded efforts to support SME development and entrepreneurship. Government agencies and large oligarchic group companies heeded his call, announcing new initiatives to spin off non-essential functions to entrepreneurs, incubate new businesses, train and mentor up and coming business people, and provide financing for start-ups. In response to fast growth in household indebtedness, the Central Bank reduced the ceiling on personal interest loans from 8 to 7%, lowered mortgage rates, capped the percentage of consumer loans at 50% of borrower's salaries for personal loans and 60% for housing loans, and limited maximum repayment terms to 10 and 25 years respectively. In 2012 the Central Bank also issued final regulations governing Islamic banking and two full-fledged Islamic banks held oversubscribed IPOs while four traditional banks opened sharia-compliant Islamic windows." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$91.54 billion (2012 est.); $87.16 billion (2011 est.); $83.41 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$76.46 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "5% (2012 est.); 4.5% (2011 est.); 5.6% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$29,600 (2012 est.); $29,100 (2011 est.); $33,100 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "38% of GDP (2012 est.); 41% of GDP (2011 est.); 37.9% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "30%", - "government_consumption": "17.2%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "26.2%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "61.6%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-35% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "1%", - "industry": "66%", - "services": "33% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "dates, limes, bananas, alfalfa, vegetables; camels, cattle; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "crude oil production and refining, natural and liquefied natural gas (LNG) production; construction, cement, copper, steel, chemicals, optic fiber" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "968,800", - "note": "about 60% of the labor force is non-national (2007)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "NA%", - "industry": "NA%", - "services": "NA%" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "15% (2004 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$36.36 billion", - "expenditures": "$27.98 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "47.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "11% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "4.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 4.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.9% (2012 est.); 4.1% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "2% (31 December 2010 est.); 0.05% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "5.65% (31 December 2012 est.); 6.19% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$9.083 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $7.971 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$71.42 billion (31 December 2010 est.); $63.16 billion (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$27.62 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $23.18 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$19.72 billion (31 December 2011); $20.27 billion (31 December 2010); $17.3 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$10.22 billion (2012 est.); $10.67 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$52.04 billion (2012 est.); $47.09 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "petroleum, reexports, fish, metals, textiles" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "China 31.9%, Japan 12.9%, UAE 10.1%, South Korea 10%, Thailand 4.4%, Singapore 4.4% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$26.49 billion (2012 est.); $21.5 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, livestock, lubricants" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "UAE 23.6%, Japan 12.6%, India 8.5%, China 6.4%, US 6.1% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$14.75 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $14.37 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$10.18 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $9.297 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Omani rials (OMR) per US dollar -; 0.3845 (2012 est.); 0.3845 (2011 est.); 0.3845 (2010 est.); 0.3845 (2009); 0.3845 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "18.59 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "15.34 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "4.202 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "915,600 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "253,100 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "4.902 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "106,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "98,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "19,680 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "33,150 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "35.94 billion cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "17.53 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "11.49 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "1.9 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "849.5 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "55.2 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "305,000 (2012)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "5.278 million (2012)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "modern system consisting of open-wire, microwave, and radiotelephone communication stations; limited coaxial cable; domestic satellite system with 8 earth stations", - "domestic": "fixed-line and mobile-cellular subscribership both increasing with fixed-line phone service gradually being introduced to remote villages using wireless local loop systems", - "international": "country code - 968; the Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) and the SEA-ME-WE-3 submarine cable provide connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Indian Ocean), 1 Arabsat (2008)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "1 state-run TV broadcaster; TV stations transmitting from Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Yemen available via satellite TV; state-run radio operates multiple stations; first private radio station began operating in 2007 and 2 additional stations now operating (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".om" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "14,531 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "1.465 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "132 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "13", - "over_3_047_m": "7", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "5", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "119", - "over_3_047_m": "2", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "7", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "51", - "914_to_1_523_m": "33", - "under_914_m": "26 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "3 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "condensate 106 km; gas 4,224 km; oil 3,558 km; oil/gas/water 33 km; refined products 264 km (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "45,985 km", - "paved": "29,685 km (includes 1,384 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "16,300 km (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "5", - "by_type": "chemical tanker 1, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 3", - "registered_in_other_countries": "15 (Malta 5, Panama 10) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Mina' Qabus, Salalah, Suhar" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Sultan's Armed Forces (SAF): Royal Army of Oman, Royal Navy of Oman, Royal Air Force of Oman (al-Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Sultanat Oman) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "985,957", - "females_age_16_49": "737,812 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "837,886", - "females_age_16_49": "642,427 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "31,959", - "female": "30,264 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "11.4% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "boundary agreement reportedly signed and ratified with UAE in 2003 for entire border, including Oman's Musandam Peninsula and Al Madhah exclave, but details of the alignment have not been made public" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/middle-east/qa-qatar.json b/middle-east/qa-qatar.json deleted file mode 100644 index d8bdf903..00000000 --- a/middle-east/qa-qatar.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,583 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Ruled by the Al Thani family since the mid-1800s, Qatar transformed itself from a poor British protectorate noted mainly for pearling into an independent state with significant oil and natural gas revenues. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Qatari economy was crippled by a continuous siphoning off of petroleum revenues by the Amir, who had ruled the country since 1972. His son, the current Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, overthrew the father in a bloodless coup in 1995. In 2001, Qatar resolved its longstanding border disputes with both Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. As of 2007, oil and natural gas revenues had enabled Qatar to attain the highest per capita income in the world. Qatar has not experienced the level of unrest or violence seen in other Near Eastern and North African countries in 2010-11, due in part to its immense wealth. Qatar's international image is bolstered in part by the Doha-based Al Jazeera news network, which has provided comprehensive coverage of the Near East and North African Arab revolutions. Additionally, Qatar played a significant role in the Libyan revolution by pressing the Gulf Cooperation Council and the Arab League to assist the Libyan rebel movement." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Middle East, peninsula bordering the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "25 30 N, 51 15 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Middle East" - }, - "area": { - "total": "11,586 sq km", - "land": "11,586 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Connecticut" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "60 km", - "border_countries": "Saudi Arabia 60 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "563 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "as determined by bilateral agreements or the median line" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly flat and barren desert covered with loose sand and gravel" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Persian Gulf 0 m", - "highest_point": "Tuwayyir al Hamir 103 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, natural gas, fish" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "1.21%", - "permanent_crops": "0.17%", - "other": "98.62% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "129.4 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "0.06 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.44 cu km/yr (39%/2%/59%)", - "per_capita": "376.9 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "haze, dust storms, sandstorms common" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "limited natural freshwater resources are increasing dependence on large-scale desalination facilities" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location in central Persian Gulf near major petroleum deposits" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Qatari(s)", - "adjective": "Qatari" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Arab 40%, Indian 18%, Pakistani 18%, Iranian 10%, other 14%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim 77.5%, Christian 8.5%, other 14% (2004 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "2,042,444 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "12.5% (male 129,465/female 125,623)", - "15_24_years": "13.9% (male 208,625/female 74,881)", - "25_54_years": "69.5% (male 1,170,547/female 248,369)", - "55_64_years": "3.3% (male 52,799/female 15,411)", - "65_years_and_over": "0.8% (male 10,214/female 6,510) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "17.2 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "16 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "1.2 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "83.9 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "32.4 years", - "male": "33.4 years", - "female": "28 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "4.19% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "10.08 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "1.54 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "33.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "98.8% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "3.01% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "DOHA (capital) 427,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "2.83 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "4.61 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "3.41 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "1.5 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "3.29 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "7 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "6.6 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "6.86 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "6.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "78.24 years", - "male": "76.27 years", - "female": "80.25 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.92 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "43.2% (1998)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "1.8% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "2.76 physicians/1,000 population (2006)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.2 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "less than 0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "fewer than 200 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "33.2% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "2.5% of GDP (2008)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "96.3%", - "male": "96.5%", - "female": "95.4% (2010 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "13 years", - "male": "12 years", - "female": "14 years (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "1.3%", - "male": "0.4%", - "female": "8.9% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "State of Qatar", - "conventional_short_form": "Qatar", - "local_long_form": "Dawlat Qatar", - "local_short_form": "Qatar", - "note": "closest approximation of the native pronunciation falls between cutter and gutter, but not like guitar" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "emirate" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Doha", - "geographic_coordinates": "25 17 N, 51 32 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "7 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ad Dawhah, Al Khawr wa adh Dhakhirah, Al Wakrah, Ar Rayyan, Ash Shamal, Az Za'ayin, Umm Salal" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "3 September 1971 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 3 September (1971); also observed is National Day, 18 December (1878) (anniversary of Al Thani family accession to the throne)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "ratified by public referendum 29 April 2003; endorsed by the Amir 8 June 2004, effective 9 June 2005" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil law and Islamic law (in family and personal matters)" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "Amir TAMIM bin Hamad Al Thani (since 25 June 2013)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister ABDALLAH bin Nasir bin Khalifa Al Thani (since 26 June 2013); Deputy Prime Minister Ahmad bin Abdallah al-MAHMUD (since 20 September 2011)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the amir", - "elections": "the position of amir is hereditary" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura (45 seats; 15 members appointed; 30 members to be elected by popular vote beginning mid- or late 2013, per the 2003 constitutional referendum)", - "note": "the Advisory Council has limited legislative authority to draft and approve laws, but the Amir has final say on all matters; Qatar's first legislative elections are expected to be held in 2013 in which the public would elect 30 members and the Amir would appoint 15; the Advisory Council would have authority to approve the national budget, hold ministers accountable through no-confidence votes, and propose legislation; Qatar in May 2011 held nationwide elections for the 29-member Central Municipal Council (CMC) - first elected in 1999 - which has limited consultative authority aimed at improving municipal services" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Court of Cassation (consists of the court president and several judges); Supreme Constitutional Court (consists of the chief justice and 6 members) note - the Supreme Constitutional Court and the Judicial Supreme Council were established in 1999", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Cassation Court judges nominated by the Judicial Supreme Council, a 9-member independent body consisting of judiciary heads appointed by the monarch; judges appointed for 3-year renewable terms; Supreme Constitutional Court members nominated by the Judicial Supreme Council and appointed by the monarch; term of appointment NA", - "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal; Courts of First Instance; Sharia Courts; Courts of Justice" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "none" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "none" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, CD, CICA (observer), EITI (implementing country), FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Muhammad bin Abdallah bin Mitib al-RUMAYHI", - "chancery": "2555 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20037", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 274-1600 and 274-1603", - "fax": "[1] (202) 237-0061", - "consulates_general": "Houston" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Susan L. ZIADEH", - "embassy": "Al-Luqta District, 22 February Road, Doha", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 2399, Doha", - "telephone": "[974] 4496-6000", - "fax": "[974] 4488 4298" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "maroon with a broad white serrated band (nine white points) on the hoist side; maroon represents the blood shed in Qatari wars, white stands for peace; the nine-pointed serrated edge signifies Qatar as the ninth member of the \"reconciled emirates\" in the wake of the Qatari-British treaty of 1916", - "note": "the other eight emirates are the seven that compose the UAE and Bahrain; according to some sources, the dominant color was formerly red, but this darkened to maroon upon exposure to the sun and the new shade was eventually adopted" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Al-Salam Al-Amiri\" (The Peace for the Anthem)", - "lyrics_music": "Sheikh MUBARAK bin Saif al-Thani/Abdul Aziz Nasser OBAIDAN", - "note": "adopted 1996; the anthem was first performed that year at a meeting of the Gulf Cooperative Council hosted by Qatar" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Qatar has prospered in the last several years with continued high real GDP growth. Throughout the financial crisis Qatari authorities sought to protect the local banking sector with direct investments into domestic banks. GDP grew sharply in 2010 largely due to the increase in oil prices, and 2011's growth was supported by Qatar's investment in expanding its gas sector. GDP slowed to 6.6% in 2012 as Qatar''s gas sector expansion moved toward completion. Economic policy is focused on developing Qatar''s nonassociated natural gas reserves and increasing private and foreign investment in non-energy sectors, but oil and gas still account for more than 50% of GDP, roughly 85% of export earnings, and 70% of government revenues. Oil and gas have made Qatar the world''s highest per-capita income country and the country with the lowest unemployment. Proved oil reserves in excess of 25 billion barrels should enable continued output at current levels for 57 years. Qatar''s proved reserves of natural gas exceed 25 trillion cubic meters, more than 13% of the world total and third largest in the world. Qatar''s successful 2022 World Cup bid will likely accelerate large-scale infrastructure projects such as Qatar''s metro system, light rail system, and the Qatar-Bahrain causeway. The Hamad International Airport is projected to open by the end of 2013 with an annual passenger capacity of 24 million." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$191 billion (2012 est.); $179.2 billion (2011 est.); $158.6 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$183.4 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "6.6% (2012 est.); 13% (2011 est.); 16.7% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$103,900 (2012 est.); $101,400 (2011 est.); $93,300 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "63% of GDP (2012 est.); 59.9% of GDP (2011 est.); 52.8% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "13.1%", - "government_consumption": "12.1%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "30.6%", - "investment_in_inventories": "-8.9%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "78.6%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-25.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "0.1%", - "industry": "73.6%", - "services": "26.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "fruits, vegetables; poultry, dairy products, beef; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "liquefied natural gas, crude oil production and refining, ammonia, fertilizers, petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement, commercial ship repair" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "4.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "1.43 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "0.5% (2012 est.); 0.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1.3%", - "highest_10%": "35.9% (2007)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$69.76 billion", - "expenditures": "$49.32 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "38% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "11.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "32.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 34.4% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 April - 31 March" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "1.9% (2012 est.); 1.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "4.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 4.5% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "5.38% (31 December 2012 est.); 5.49% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$24.98 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $22.49 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$97.97 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $85.16 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$149.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $121.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$125.4 billion (31 December 2011); $123.6 billion (31 December 2010); $87.86 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$58.57 billion (2012 est.); $53.57 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$133.7 billion (2012 est.); $114.3 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "liquefied natural gas (LNG), petroleum products, fertilizers, steel" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Japan 26.6%, South Korea 19%, India 12%, Singapore 5.7%, China 5.4% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$30.79 billion (2012 est.); $26.93 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and transport equipment, food, chemicals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "US 14.2%, UAE 11%, Saudi Arabia 8.3%, UK 6.4%, Japan 6%, China 4.8%, Germany 4.7%, Italy 4.4%, France 4.4% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$33.19 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $16.82 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$134.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $128 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$32.17 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $31.84 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$26.86 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $25.02 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Qatari rials (QAR) per US dollar -; 3.64 (2012 est.); 3.64 (2011 est.); 3.64 (2010 est.); 3.64 (2009); 3.64 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "28.14 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "26.38 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "200,000 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "3.893 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "1.631 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "704,300 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "25.57 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "153,800 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "169,900 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "53,230 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "11,940 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "116.7 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "21.8 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "113.4 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "25.2 trillion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "64.68 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "306,700 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "2.302 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "modern system centered in Doha", - "domestic": "combined fixed and mobile-cellular telephone subscribership exceeds 130 telephones per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 974; landing point for the Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) submarine cable network that provides links to Asia, Middle East, Europe, and the US; tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and the UAE; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "TV and radio broadcast licensing and access to local media markets are state controlled; home of the satellite TV channel Al-Jazeera, which was originally owned and financed by the Qatari government, but has evolved to independent corporate status; Al-Jazeera claims editorial independence in broadcasting; local radio transmissions include state, private, and international broadcasters on FM frequencies in Doha (2012)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".qa" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "897 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "563,800 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "6 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "4", - "over_3_047_m": "3", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "2", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "condensate 288 km; condensate/gas 221 km; gas 2,383 km; liquid petroleum gas 90 km; oil 745 km; refined products 103 km (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "7,790 km (2006)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "28", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 3, chemical tanker 2, container 13, liquefied gas 6, petroleum tanker 4", - "foreign_owned": "6 (Kuwait 6)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "35 (Liberia 5, Marshall Islands 29, Panama 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Doha, Mesaieed (Umaieed), Ra's Laffan" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Qatari Emiri Land Force (QELF), Qatari Emiri Navy (QEN), Qatari Emiri Air Force (QEAF) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "389,487", - "females_age_16_49": "165,572 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "321,974", - "females_age_16_49": "140,176 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "6,429", - "female": "5,162 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "10% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "stateless_persons": "1,200 (2012)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/middle-east/sa-saudi-arabia.json b/middle-east/sa-saudi-arabia.json deleted file mode 100644 index cb89ed18..00000000 --- a/middle-east/sa-saudi-arabia.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,618 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Saudi Arabia is the birthplace of Islam and home to Islam's two holiest shrines in Mecca and Medina. The king's official title is the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques. The modern Saudi state was founded in 1932 by ABD AL-AZIZ bin Abd al-Rahman Al SAUD (Ibn Saud) after a 30-year campaign to unify most of the Arabian Peninsula. One of his male descendants rules the country today, as required by the country's 1992 Basic Law. King ABDALLAH bin Abd al-Aziz ascended to the throne in 2005. Following Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990, Saudi Arabia accepted the Kuwaiti royal family and 400,000 refugees while allowing Western and Arab troops to deploy on its soil for the liberation of Kuwait the following year. The continuing presence of foreign troops on Saudi soil after the liberation of Kuwait became a source of tension between the royal family and the public until all operational US troops left the country in 2003. Major terrorist attacks in May and November 2003 spurred a strong on-going campaign against domestic terrorism and extremism. King ABDALLAH has continued the cautious reform program begun when he was crown prince. The king instituted an interfaith dialogue initiative in 2008 to encourage religious tolerance on a global level; in 2009, he reshuffled the cabinet, which led to more moderates holding ministerial and judicial positions, and appointed the first female to the cabinet. The 2010-12 uprisings across Middle Eastern and North African countries sparked modest incidents in Saudi cities, predominantly by Shia demonstrators calling for the release of detainees and the withdrawal from Bahrain of the Gulf Cooperation Council's Peninsula Shield Force. Protests in general were met by a strong police presence, with some arrests, but not the level of bloodshed seen in protests elsewhere in the region. In response to the unrest, King ABDALLAH in February and March 2011 announced a series of benefits to Saudi citizens including funds to build affordable housing, salary increases for government workers, and unemployment entitlements. To promote increased political participation, the government held elections nationwide in September 2011 for half the members of 285 municipal councils. Also in September, the king announced that women will be allowed to run for and vote in future municipal elections - first held in 2005 - and serve as full members of the advisory Consultative Council. During 2012, Shia protests increased in violence, while peaceful Sunni protests expanded. The country remains a leading producer of oil and natural gas and holds about 17% of the world's proven oil reserves. The government continues to pursue economic reform and diversification, particularly since Saudi Arabia's accession to the WTO in December 2005, and promotes foreign investment in the kingdom. A burgeoning population, aquifer depletion, and an economy largely dependent on petroleum output and prices are ongoing governmental concerns." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "25 00 N, 45 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Middle East" - }, - "area": { - "total": "2,149,690 sq km", - "land": "2,149,690 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly more than one-fifth the size of the US" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "4,431 km", - "border_countries": "Iraq 814 km, Jordan 744 km, Kuwait 222 km, Oman 676 km, Qatar 60 km, UAE 457 km, Yemen 1,458 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "2,640 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "18 nm", - "continental_shelf": "not specified" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "harsh, dry desert with great temperature extremes" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly uninhabited, sandy desert" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Persian Gulf 0 m", - "highest_point": "Jabal Sawda' 3,133 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, copper" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "1.45%", - "permanent_crops": "0.11%", - "other": "98.44% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "16,200 sq km (2004)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "2.4 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "23.67 cu km/yr (9%/3%/88%)", - "per_capita": "928.1 cu m/yr (2006)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "frequent sand and dust storms", - "volcanism": "despite many volcanic formations, there has been little activity in the past few centuries; volcanoes include Harrat Rahat, Harrat Khaybar, Harrat Lunayyir, and Jabal Yar" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "desertification; depletion of underground water resources; the lack of perennial rivers or permanent water bodies has prompted the development of extensive seawater desalination facilities; coastal pollution from oil spills" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "Saudi Arabia is the largest country in the world without a river; extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Saudi(s)", - "adjective": "Saudi or Saudi Arabian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Arab 90%, Afro-Asian 10%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Arabic (official)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim (official) 100%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "26,939,583 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "includes 5,576,076 non-nationals" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "28.2% (male 3,890,771/female 3,703,725)", - "15_24_years": "19.6% (male 2,823,458/female 2,450,629)", - "25_54_years": "44.8% (male 6,927,445/female 5,148,565)", - "55_64_years": "4.3% (male 639,051/female 524,058)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.1% (male 429,951/female 401,930) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "46.9 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "42.6 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "4.2 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "23.6 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "26 years", - "male": "27 years", - "female": "24.8 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.51% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "19.01 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "3.32 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "82.3% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.38% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "RIYADH (capital) 4.725 million; Jeddah 3.234 million; Mecca 1.484 million; Medina 1.104 million; Ad Dammam 902,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.15 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.36 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.22 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "1.08 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.21 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "24 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "15.08 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "17.31 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "12.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "74.58 years", - "male": "72.58 years", - "female": "76.68 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.21 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "23.8% (2007)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "4.3% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.94 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "2.2 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 97% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 3% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.01% (2001 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "33% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "5.3% (2005)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.6% of GDP (2008)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "87.2%", - "male": "90.8%", - "female": "82.2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "15 years", - "male": "15 years", - "female": "15 years (2011)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "28.2%", - "male": "23.6%", - "female": "45.8% (2008)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Kingdom of Saudi Arabia", - "conventional_short_form": "Saudi Arabia", - "local_long_form": "Al Mamlakah al Arabiyah as Saudiyah", - "local_short_form": "Al Arabiyah as Saudiyah" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "monarchy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Riyadh", - "geographic_coordinates": "24 39 N, 46 42 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "13 provinces (mintaqat, singular - mintaqah); Al Bahah, Al Hudud ash Shamaliyah (Northern Border), Al Jawf, Al Madinah (Medina), Al Qasim, Ar Riyad (Riyadh), Ash Sharqiyah (Eastern), 'Asir, Ha'il, Jizan, Makkah (Mecca), Najran, Tabuk" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "23 September 1932 (unification of the kingdom)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Unification of the Kingdom, 23 September (1932)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "governed according to Islamic law; the Basic Law that articulates the government's rights and responsibilities was promulgated by royal decree in 1992" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "Islamic (sharia) legal system with some elements of Egyptian, French, and customary law; note - several secular codes have been introduced; commercial disputes handled by special committees" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "21 years of age; male" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "King and Prime Minister ABDALLAH bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud (since 1 August 2005); Heir Apparent Crown Prince SALMAN bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud, born 31 December 1935) ; note - the monarch is both chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "King and Prime Minister ABDALLAH bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud (since 1 August 2005); Deputy Prime Minister SALMAN bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud (since 19 June 2012); Second Deputy Prime Minister MUQRIN bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud (since February 2013)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch every four years and includes many royal family members", - "elections": "none; the monarchy is hereditary; note - an Allegiance Commission created by royal decree in October 2006 established a committee of Saudi princes that will play a role in selecting future Saudi kings, but the system will not take effect until after King ABDALLAH's successor inherits the throne" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "Consultative Council or Majlis al-Shura (150 members and a chairman appointed by the monarch to serve four-year terms); note - though the Council of Ministers announced in October 2003 its intent to introduce elections for a third of the Majlis al-Shura incrementally over a period of four to five years, to date no such elections have been held or announced" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "High Court (consists of the court chief and organized into circuits with 3-judge panels except the criminal circuit which has a 5-judge panel for cases involving major punishments) note - in 2005, King Abdullah issued decrees approving an overhaul of the judicial system and which were incorporated in the Judiciary Law of 2007; one change was the replacement of the Supreme Council of Justice with the High Court", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "the High Court chief and chiefs of the High Court Circuits appointed by royal decree following the recommendation of the Supreme Judiciary Council, a 10-member body of high level judges and other judicial heads; new judges and assistant judges serve 1- and 2- year probations, respectively, before permanent assignment", - "subordinate_courts": "Court of Appeals; first-degree courts composed of general, criminal, personal status, and commercial courts, and the Labor Court; hierarchy of administrative courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "none" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Ansar Al Marah (supports women's rights); ", - "other": "gas companies; religious groups" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ABEDA, AfDB (nonregional member), AFESD, AMF, BIS, CAEU, CP, FAO, G-20, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Adil al-Ahmad al-JUBAYR", - "chancery": "601 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 342-3800", - "fax": "[1] (202) 944-3113", - "consulates_general": "Houston, Los Angeles, New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador James B. SMITH", - "embassy": "Collector Road M, Diplomatic Quarter, Riyadh", - "mailing_address": "American Embassy, Unit 61307, APO AE 09803-1307; International Mail: P. O. Box 94309, Riyadh 11693", - "telephone": "[966] (1) 488-3800", - "fax": "[966] (1) 488-7360", - "consulates_general": "Dhahran, Jiddah (Jeddah)" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "green, a traditional color in Islamic flags, with the Shahada or Muslim creed in large white Arabic script (translated as \"There is no god but God; Muhammad is the Messenger of God\") above a white horizontal saber (the tip points to the hoist side); design dates to the early twentieth century and is closely associated with the Al Saud family which established the kingdom in 1932; the flag is manufactured with differing obverse and reverse sides so that the Shahada reads - and the sword points - correctly from right to left on both sides", - "note": "one of only three national flags that differ on their obverse and reverse sides - the others are Moldova and Paraguay" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "palm tree surmounting two crossed swords" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Aash Al Maleek\" (Long Live Our Beloved King)", - "lyrics_music": "Ibrahim KHAFAJI/Abdul Rahman al-KHATEEB", - "note": "music adopted 1947, lyrics adopted 1984" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Saudi Arabia has an oil-based economy with strong government controls over major economic activities. It possesses about 17% of the world's proven petroleum reserves, ranks as the largest exporter of petroleum, and plays a leading role in OPEC. The petroleum sector accounts for roughly 80% of budget revenues, 45% of GDP, and 90% of export earnings. Saudi Arabia is encouraging the growth of the private sector in order to diversify its economy and to employ more Saudi nationals. Diversification efforts are focusing on power generation, telecommunications, natural gas exploration, and petrochemical sectors. Over 5 million foreign workers play an important role in the Saudi economy, particularly in the oil and service sectors, while Riyadh is struggling to reduce unemployment among its own nationals. Saudi officials are particularly focused on employing its large youth population, which generally lacks the education and technical skills the private sector needs. Riyadh has substantially boosted spending on job training and education, most recently with the opening of the King Abdallah University of Science and Technology - Saudi Arabia's first co-educational university. As part of its effort to attract foreign investment, Saudi Arabia acceded to the WTO in 2005. The government has begun establishing six \"economic cities\" in different regions of the country to promote foreign investment and plans to spend $373 billion between 2010 and 2014 on social development and infrastructure projects to advance Saudi Arabia''s economic development." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$921.7 billion (2012 est.); $863 billion (2011 est.); $795.5 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$727.3 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "6.8% (2012 est.); 8.5% (2011 est.); 7.4% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$31,800 (2012 est.); $30,400 (2011 est.); $28,900 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "53.5% of GDP (2012 est.); 54.8% of GDP (2011 est.); 49.7% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "26.4%", - "government_consumption": "19.7%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "26.6%", - "investment_in_inventories": "4.3%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "55.9%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-28.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "1.9%", - "industry": "64.8%", - "services": "33.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "wheat, barley, tomatoes, melons, dates, citrus; mutton, chickens, eggs, milk" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "crude oil production, petroleum refining, basic petrochemicals, ammonia, industrial gases, sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), cement, fertilizer, plastics, metals, commercial ship repair, commercial aircraft repair, construction" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "7.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "8.012 million", - "note": "about 80% of the labor force is non-national (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "6.7%", - "industry": "21.4%", - "services": "71.9% (2005 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "10.6% (2012 est.); 10.9% (2011 est.)", - "note": "data are for Saudi males only (local bank estimates; some estimates range as high as 25%)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$326.5 billion", - "expenditures": "$234.8 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "44.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "12.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "11.5% of GDP (2012 est.); 11.2% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "4% (2012 est.); 4.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "2.5% (31 December 2008); " - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "6.8% (31 December 2012 est.); 7.2% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$236.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $202.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$360.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $326.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$74.71 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $27.54 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$338.9 billion (31 December 2011); $353.4 billion (31 December 2010); $318.8 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$150 billion (2012 est.); $158.5 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$395 billion (2012 est.); $364.7 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "petroleum and petroleum products 90%" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 14.3%, China 13.7%, Japan 13.7%, South Korea 9.9%, India 8.2%, Singapore 4.3% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$136.8 billion (2012 est.); $120 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, motor vehicles, textiles" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 13.5%, US 13.2%, South Korea 6.7%, Germany 6.5%, India 6.3%, Japan 6% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$656.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $541.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$134 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $113.7 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$221.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $204.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$20.81 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $17.72 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Saudi riyals (SAR) per US dollar -; 3.75 (2012 est.); 3.75 (2011 est.); 3.75 (2010 est.); 3.75 (2009); 3.75 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "212.3 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "186.1 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "44.49 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "10 million bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "6.88 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "264.6 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "1.914 million bbl/day (2010 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "2.817 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "951,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "160,100 bbl/day (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "99.23 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "99.23 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "8.028 trillion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "478.4 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "4.633 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "53.706 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "modern system including a combination of extensive microwave radio relays, coaxial cables, and fiber-optic cables", - "domestic": "mobile-cellular subscribership has been increasing rapidly", - "international": "country code - 966; landing point for the international submarine cable Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) and for both the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks providing connectivity to Asia, Middle East, Europe, and US; microwave radio relay to Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Qatar, UAE, Yemen, and Sudan; coaxial cable to Kuwait and Jordan; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (3 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Indian Ocean region) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "broadcast media are state-controlled; state-run TV operates 4 networks; Saudi Arabia is a major market for pan-Arab satellite TV broadcasters; state-run radio operates several networks; multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".sa" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "145,941 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "9.774 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "214 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "82", - "over_3_047_m": "33", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "16", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "27", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2", - "under_914_m": "4 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "132", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "7", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "72", - "914_to_1_523_m": "37", - "under_914_m": "16 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "10 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "condensate 209 km; gas 2,940 km; liquid petroleum gas 1,183 km; oil 5,117 km; refined products 1,151 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "1,378 km", - "standard_gauge": "1,378 km 1.435-m gauge (with branch lines and sidings) (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "221,372 km", - "paved": "47,529 km (includes 3,891 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "173,843 km (2006)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "72", - "by_type": "cargo 1, chemical tanker 25, container 4, liquefied gas 2, passenger/cargo 10, petroleum tanker 20, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 7", - "foreign_owned": "15 (Egypt 1, Greece 4, Kuwait 4, UAE 6)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "55 (Bahamas 16, Dominica 2, Liberia 20, Malta 2, Norway 3, Panama 11, Tanzania 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Ad Dammam, Al Jubayl, Jeddah, Yanbu al Bahr" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Ministry of Defense and Aviation Forces: Royal Saudi Land Forces, Royal Saudi Naval Forces (includes Marine Forces and Special Forces), Royal Saudi Air Force (Al-Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Malakiya as-Sa'udiya), Royal Saudi Air Defense Forces, Royal Saudi Strategic Rocket Forces, Saudi Arabian National Guard (SANG)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "17 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "8,644,522", - "females_age_16_49": "6,601,985 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "7,365,624", - "females_age_16_49": "5,677,819 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "261,105", - "female": "244,763 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "9.1% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Saudi Arabia has reinforced its concrete-filled security barrier along sections of the now fully demarcated border with Yemen to stem illegal cross-border activities; Kuwait and Saudi Arabia continue discussions on a maritime boundary with Iran; Saudi Arabia claims Egyptian-administered islands of Tiran and Sanafir" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "291,000 (Palestinian Territories) (2009)", - "stateless_persons": "70,000 (2012); note - thousands of biduns (stateless Arabs) are descendants of nomadic tribes who were not officially registered when national borders were established, while others migrated to Saudi Arabia in search of jobs; some have temporary identification cards that must be renewed every five years, but their rights remain restricted; most Palestinians have only legal resident status; some naturalized Yemenis were made stateless after being stripped of their passports when Yemen backed Iraq in its invasion of Kuwait in 1990; Saudi women cannot pass their citizenship on to their children, so if they marry a non-national, their children risk statelessness" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Saudi Arabia is a destination country for men and women subjected to forced labor and, to a lesser extent, forced prostitution; men and women from Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Indonesia, Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya, and many other countries voluntarily travel to Saudi Arabia as domestic servants or other low-skilled laborers, but some subsequently face conditions indicative of involuntary servitude (many are forced to work months or years beyond their contract term because employers withhold passports and required exit visas); women, primarily from Asian and African countries, are believed to be forced into prostitution in Saudi Arabia; others were reportedly kidnapped and forced into prostitution after running away from abusive employers; Yemeni, Nigerian, Pakistani, Afghan, Chadian, and Sudanese children were subjected to forced labor as beggars and street vendors in Saudi Arabia, facilitated by criminal gangs", - "tier_rating": "Tier 3 - Saudi Arabia does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; fewer victims were identified and referred to protection services than in the previous reporting period; the sponsorship system, including the exit visa requirement, continues to restrict the freedom of movement of migrant workers and hamper the ability of victims to pursue legal cases against their employers; however, the government has implemented regulations mandating the formation of unified recruitment companies to replace the sponsorship model; no specialized shelter was available to victims of sex trafficking or male victims of trafficking (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "death penalty for traffickers; improving anti-money-laundering legislation and enforcement" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/middle-east/sy-syria.json b/middle-east/sy-syria.json deleted file mode 100644 index 6e75fc46..00000000 --- a/middle-east/sy-syria.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,622 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Following World War I, France acquired a mandate over the northern portion of the former Ottoman Empire province of Syria. The French administered the area as Syria until granting it independence in 1946. The new country lacked political stability, however, and experienced a series of military coups during its first decades. Syria united with Egypt in February 1958 to form the United Arab Republic. In September 1961, the two entities separated, and the Syrian Arab Republic was reestablished. In November 1970, Hafiz al-ASAD, a member of the socialist Ba'th Party and the minority Alawi sect, seized power in a bloodless coup and brought political stability to the country. In the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, Syria lost the Golan Heights to Israel. During the 1990s, Syria and Israel held occasional peace talks over its return. Following the death of President al-ASAD, his son, Bashar al-ASAD, was approved as president by popular referendum in July 2000. Syrian troops - stationed in Lebanon since 1976 in an ostensible peacekeeping role - were withdrawn in April 2005. During the July-August 2006 conflict between Israel and Hizballah, Syria placed its military forces on alert but did not intervene directly on behalf of its ally Hizballah. In May 2007 Bashar al-ASAD's second term as president was approved by popular referendum. Influenced by major uprisings that began elsewhere in the region, antigovernment protests broke out in the southern province of Dar'a in March 2011 with protesters calling for the repeal of the restrictive Emergency Law allowing arrests without charge, the legalization of political parties, and the removal of corrupt local officials. Since then demonstrations and unrest have spread to nearly every city in Syria, but the size and intensity of protests have fluctuated over time. The government responded to unrest with a mix of concessions - including the repeal of the Emergency Law and approving new laws permitting new political parties and liberalizing local and national elections - and force. However, the government's response has failed to meet opposition demands for ASAD to step down, and the government's ongoing security operations to quell unrest and widespread armed opposition activity have led to extended violent clashes between government forces and oppositionists. International pressure on the ASAD regime has intensified since late 2011, as the Arab League, EU, Turkey, and the United States have expanded economic sanctions against the regime. Lakhdar BRAHIMI, current Joint Special Representative of the United Nations and the League of Arab States on the Syrian crisis, in October 2012 began meeting with regional heads of state to assist in brokering a cease-fire. In December 2012, the National Coalition of Syrian Revolution and Opposition Forces was recognized by more than 130 countries as the sole legitimate representative of the Syrian people. Unrest persists in 2013, and the death toll among Syrian Government forces, opposition forces, and civilians has topped 100,000." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Lebanon and Turkey" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "35 00 N, 38 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Middle East" - }, - "area": { - "total": "185,180 sq km", - "land": "183,630 sq km", - "water": "1,550 sq km", - "note": "includes 1,295 sq km of Israeli-occupied territory" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than North Dakota" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "2,253 km", - "border_countries": "Iraq 605 km, Israel 76 km, Jordan 375 km, Lebanon 375 km, Turkey 822 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "193 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June to August) and mild, rainy winters (December to February) along coast; cold weather with snow or sleet periodically in Damascus" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "primarily semiarid and desert plateau; narrow coastal plain; mountains in west" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "unnamed location near Lake Tiberias -200 m", - "highest_point": "Mount Hermon 2,814 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, phosphates, chrome and manganese ores, asphalt, iron ore, rock salt, marble, gypsum, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "24.9%", - "permanent_crops": "5.69%", - "other": "69.41% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "13,410 sq km (2010)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "16.8 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "16.76 cu km/yr (9%/4%/88%)", - "per_capita": "867.4 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "dust storms, sandstorms", - "volcanism": "Syria's two historically active volcanoes, Es Safa and an unnamed volcano near the Turkish border have not erupted in centuries" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution from raw sewage and petroleum refining wastes; inadequate potable water" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Environmental Modification" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "the capital of Damascus - located at an oasis fed by the Barada River - is thought to be one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities; there are 41 Israeli settlements and civilian land use sites in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Syrian(s)", - "adjective": "Syrian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Arab 90.3%, Kurds, Armenians, and other 9.7%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Arabic (official), Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian (widely understood); French, English (somewhat understood)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Sunni Muslim (Islam - official) 74%, other Muslim (includes Alawite, Druze) 16%, Christian (various denominations) 10%, Jewish (tiny communities in Damascus, Al Qamishli, and Aleppo)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "22,457,336 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "approximately 18,700 Israeli settlers live in the Golan Heights (2011)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "33.9% (male 3,900,073/female 3,707,117)", - "15_24_years": "20.8% (male 2,387,006/female 2,285,496)", - "25_54_years": "36.9% (male 4,214,621/female 4,075,181)", - "55_64_years": "4.6% (male 504,422/female 517,413)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.9% (male 395,806/female 470,201) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "64.3 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "57.7 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.7 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "15 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "22.7 years", - "male": "22.5 years", - "female": "22.9 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.15% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "23.01 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "3.67 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-17.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "56.1% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.36% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "Aleppo 2.985 million; DAMASCUS (capital) 2.527 million; Hims 1.276 million; Hamah 854,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.97 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.85 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.03 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "70 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "14.63 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "16.83 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "12.31 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "75.14 years", - "male": "72.74 years", - "female": "77.69 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.77 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "58.3% (2006)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "3.4% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.5 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.5 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 93% of population; rural: 86% of population; total: 90% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 7% of population; rural: 14% of population; total: 10% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 96% of population; rural: 93% of population; total: 95% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 4% of population; rural: 7% of population; total: 5% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "less than 0.1% (2001 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "fewer than 500 (2003 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 200 (2003 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "27.1% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "10.1% (2009)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.1% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "84.1%", - "male": "90.3%", - "female": "77.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "11 years", - "male": "12 years", - "female": "11 years (2007)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "192,915", - "percentage": "4 % (2006 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "19.2%", - "male": "15.3%", - "female": "40.2% (2010)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Syrian Arab Republic", - "conventional_short_form": "Syria", - "local_long_form": "Al Jumhuriyah al Arabiyah as Suriyah", - "local_short_form": "Suriyah", - "former": "United Arab Republic (with Egypt)" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic under an authoritarian regime" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Damascus", - "geographic_coordinates": "33 30 N, 36 18 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins midnight on the last Friday in March; ends at midnight on the first Friday in November" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "14 provinces (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Al Hasakah, Al Ladhiqiyah (Latakia), Al Qunaytirah, Ar Raqqah, As Suwayda', Dar'a, Dayr az Zawr, Dimashq (Damascus), Halab, Hamah, Hims (Homs), Idlib, Rif Dimashq (Damascus Countryside), Tartus" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "17 April 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 17 April (1946)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "13 March 1973; amended February 2012" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil and Islamic law (for family courts)" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Bashar al-ASAD (since 17 July 2000); Vice President Farouk al-SHARA (since 21 February 2006); Vice President Najah al-ATTAR (since 23 March 2006)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Wael al-HALQI (since 9 August 2012); Deputy Prime Ministers Fahd Jasim al-FURAYJ, Lt. Gen., Walid al-MUALEM", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president; note - new Council appointed on 14 April 2011", - "elections": "president approved by popular referendum for a second seven-year term (no term limits); referendum last held on 27 May 2007 (next to be held in May 2014); the president appoints the vice presidents, prime minister, and deputy prime ministers", - "election_results": "Bashar al-ASAD approved as president; percent of vote - Bashar al-ASAD 97.6%, other 2.4%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral People's Assembly or Majlis al-Shaab (250 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 7 May 2012 (next to be held in 2016)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Court of Cassation (organized into civil, criminal, religious, and military divisions, each with 3 judges); Supreme Constitutional Court (consists of 4 members)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Court of Cassation judges appointed by the Supreme Judicial Council or SJC, a judicial management body headed by the minister of justice with 7 members including the national president; judge tenure NA; Supreme Constitutional Court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the SJC; judges appointed for 4-year renewable terms", - "subordinate_courts": "courts of first instance; magistrates' courts; religious and military courts; Economic Security Court" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "legal_parties": "National Progressive Front or NPF [President Bashar al-ASAD, Dr. Suleiman QADDAH] (includes Arab Socialist Renaissance (Ba'th) Party [President Bashar al-ASAD]; Socialist Unionist Democratic Party [Fadlallah Nasr al-DIN]; Syrian Arab Socialist Union or ASU [Safwan al-QUDSI]; Syrian Communist Party (two branches) [Wissal Farha BAKDASH, Yusuf Rashid FAYSAL]; Syrian Social Nationalist Party [As'ad HARDAN]; Unionist Socialist Party [Fayez ISMAIL])", - "kurdish_parties_considered_illegal": "Kurdish Azadi Party; Kurdish Democratic Accord Party (al Wifaq); Kurdish Democratic Party (al Parti-Ibrahim wing); Kurdish Democratic Party (al Parti-Mustafa wing); Kurdish Democratic Party in Syria or KDP-S; Kurdish Democratic Patriotic/National Party; Kurdish Democratic Progressive Party or KDPP-Darwish; Kurdish Democratic Progressive Party or KDPP-Muhammad; Kurdish Democratic Union Party or PYD [Salih Muslim MOHAMMAD]; Kurdish Democratic Unity Party; Kurdish Democratic Yekiti Party; Kurdish Future Party or KFP; Kurdish Future Party [Rezan HASSAN]; Kurdish Left Party; Kurdish Yekiti (Union) Party; Syrian Kurdish Democratic Party; ", - "other_parties": "Syrian Democratic Party [Mustafa QALAAJI]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Free Syrian Army; National Coalition of Syrian Revolution and Oppositon Forces or Syrian Oppositon Coalition [Mu'aaz al-KHATIB] (operates in exile in Cairo); Syrian Muslim Brotherhood or SMB [Muhammad Riyad al-SHAQFAH] (operates in exile in London); ", - "note": "there are also hundreds of local groups that organize protests and stage armed attacks" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Mounir KOUDMANI", - "chancery": "2215 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 232-6313", - "fax": "[1] (202) 265-4585" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Robert S. FORD; note - on 6 February 2012, the US closed its embassy in Damascus", - "embassy": "Abou Roumaneh, Al-Mansour Street, No. 2, Damascus", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 29, Damascus", - "telephone": "[963] (11) 3391-4444", - "fax": "[963] (11) 3391-3999" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black; two small, green, five-pointed stars in a horizontal line centered in the white band; the band colors derive from the Arab Liberation flag and represent oppression (black), overcome through bloody struggle (red), to be replaced by a bright future (white); identical to the former flag of the United Arab Republic (1958-1961) where the two stars represented the constituent states of Syria and Egypt; the current design dates to 1980", - "note": "similar to the flag of Yemen, which has a plain white band, Iraq, which has an Arabic inscription centered in the white band, and that of Egypt, which has a gold Eagle of Saladin centered in the white band" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "hawk" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Humat ad-Diyar\" (Guardians of the Homeland)", - "lyrics_music": "Khalil Mardam BEY/Mohammad Salim FLAYFEL and Ahmad Salim FLAYFEL", - "note": "adopted 1936, restored 1961; between 1958 and 1961, while Syria was a member of the United Arab Republic with Egypt, the country had a different anthem" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Despite modest economic growth and reform prior to the outbreak of unrest, Syria's economy continues to suffer the effects of the ongoing conflict that began in 2011. The economy further contracted in 2012 because of international sanctions and reduced domestic consumption and production, and inflation has risen sharply. The government has struggled to address the effects of economic decline, which include dwindling foreign exchange reserves, rising budget and trade deficits, and the decreasing value of the Syrian pound. Prior to the unrest, Damascus began liberalizing economic policies, including cutting lending interest rates, opening private banks, consolidating multiple exchange rates, raising prices on some subsidized items, and establishing the Damascus Stock Exchange. The economy remains highly regulated by the government. Long-run economic constraints include foreign trade barriers, declining oil production, high unemployment, rising budget deficits, and increasing pressure on water supplies caused by heavy use in agriculture, rapid population growth, industrial expansion, and water pollution." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$107.6 billion (2011 est.); $110.1 billion (2010 est.); $113.9 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2011 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$64.7 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "NA% (2012 est.); -2.3% (2011 est.); 3.4% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$5,100 (2011 est.); $5,100 (2010 est.); $5,300 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2011 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "12.5% of GDP (2012 est.); 15% of GDP (2011 est.); 26.1% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "69.4%", - "government_consumption": "17.2%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "20.5%", - "investment_in_inventories": "8.4%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "13.9%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-29.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "16.5%", - "industry": "22.8%", - "services": "60.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "wheat, barley, cotton, lentils, chickpeas, olives, sugar beets; beef, mutton, eggs, poultry, milk" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "petroleum, textiles, food processing, beverages, tobacco, phosphate rock mining, cement, oil seeds crushing, car assembly" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-36% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "5.327 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "17%", - "industry": "16%", - "services": "67% (2008 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "18% (2012 est.); 14.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "11.9% (2006 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$5.222 billion", - "expenditures": "$12.59 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "8.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-11.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "52.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 35.2% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "37% (2012 est.); 4.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "0.75% (31 December 2012 est.); 5% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "11.7% (31 December 2012 est.); 10.5% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$18.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $22.37 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$30.17 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $39.36 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$18.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $27.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$5.103 billion (2012 est.); -$7.726 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$3.876 billion (2012 est.); $10.29 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "crude oil, minerals, petroleum products, fruits and vegetables, cotton fiber, textiles, clothing, meat and live animals, wheat" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Iraq 55.9%, Saudi Arabia 9.3%, Kuwait 6.1%, UAE 5.3%, Lebanon 4.2% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$10.78 billion (2012 est.); $17.6 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and transport equipment, electric power machinery, food and livestock, metal and metal products, chemicals and chemical products, plastics, yarn, paper" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Saudi Arabia 21.2%, UAE 10.4%, Iran 7.7%, China 7%, Iraq 6.3%, Ukraine 6.3%, Egypt 4.3% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$4.774 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $14.83 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$8.33 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $8.196 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Syrian pounds (SYP) per US dollar -; 64.3919 (2012 est.); 48.371 (2011 est.); 11.225 (2010 est.); 46.708 (2009); 46.5281 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "40.86 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "28.87 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "8.2 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "84.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "15.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "333,900 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "144,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "2.183 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "255,600 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "258,800 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "14,540 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "58,160 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "8.94 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "9.63 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "690 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "240.7 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "63.1 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "4.345 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "13.117 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "fair system currently undergoing significant improvement and digital upgrades, including fiber-optic technology and expansion of the network to rural areas; the armed insurgency that began in 2011 has led to major disruptions to the network and has caused telephone and Internet outages throughout the country", - "domestic": "the number of fixed-line connections has increased markedly since 2000; mobile-cellular service growing with telephone subscribership nearly 60 per 100 persons in 2011", - "international": "country code - 963; submarine cable connection to Egypt, Lebanon, and Cyprus; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region); coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey; participant in Medarabtel (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-run TV and radio broadcast networks; state operates 2 TV networks and a satellite channel; roughly two-thirds of Syrian homes have a satellite dish providing access to foreign TV broadcasts; 3 state-run radio channels; first private radio station launched in 2005; private radio broadcasters prohibited from transmitting news or political content (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".sy" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "416 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "4.469 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "90 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "29", - "over_3_047_m": "5", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "16", - "914_to_1_523_m": "3", - "under_914_m": "5 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "61", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "12", - "under_914_m": "48 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "6 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 3,170 km; oil 2,029 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "2,052 km", - "standard_gauge": "1,801 km 1.435-m gauge", - "narrow_gauge": "251 km 1.050-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "68,157 km", - "paved": "61,514 km (includes 1,103 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "6,643 km (2006)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "900 km (navigable but not economically significant) (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "19", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 4, cargo 14, carrier 1", - "registered_in_other_countries": "166 (Barbados 1, Belize 4, Bolivia 4, Cambodia 22, Comoros 5, Dominica 4, Georgia 24, Lebanon 2, Liberia 1, Malta 4, Moldova 5, North Korea 4, Panama 34, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 9, Sierra Leone 13, Tanzania 23, Togo 6, unknown 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Baniyas, Latakia, Tartus" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Syrian Armed Forces: Syrian Arab Army, Syrian Arab Navy, Syrian Arab Air and Air Defense Forces (includes Air Defense Command) (2008)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation is 18 months; women are not conscripted but may volunteer to serve; re-enlistment obligation 5 years, with retirement after 15 years or age 40 (enlisted) or 20 years or age 45 (NCOs) (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "5,889,837", - "females_age_16_49": "5,660,751 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "5,055,510", - "females_age_16_49": "4,884,151 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "256,698", - "female": "244,712 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "3.6% of GDP (2011)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Golan Heights is Israeli-occupied with the almost 1,000-strong UN Disengagement Observer Force patrolling a buffer zone since 1964; lacking a treaty or other documentation describing the boundary, portions of the Lebanon-Syria boundary are unclear with several sections in dispute; since 2000, Lebanon has claimed Shab'a Farms in the Golan Heights; 2004 Agreement and pending demarcation settles border dispute with Jordan" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "486,946 (Palestinian Refugees (UNRWA)); 87,741 (Iraq) (2012)", - "idps": "4.25 million (ongoing civil war since 2011) (2012)", - "stateless_persons": "221,000 (2012); note - Syria's stateless population is composed of Kurds and Palestinians; stateless persons are prevented from voting, owning land, holding certain jobs, receiving food subsidies or public healthcare, enrolling in public schools, or being legally married to Syrian citizens; in 1962, some 120,000 Syrian Kurds were stripped of their Syrian citizenship, rendering them and their descendants stateless; in 2011, the Syrian government granted citizenship to thousands of Syrian Kurds as a means of appeasement; however, resolving the question of statelessness is not a priority given Syria's ongoing civil war" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "due to Syria's political uprising and violent unrest, hundreds of thousands of Syrians, foreign migrant workers, and refugees have fled the country and are vulnerable to human trafficking; the lack of security and inaccessibility of the majority of the country makes it impossible to conduct a thorough analysis of the ongoing conflict and the scope and magnitude of Syria's human trafficking situation; prior to the uprising, Syria was principally a destination country for women and children subjected to forced labor or sex trafficking; thousands of women - the majority from Indonesia, the Philippines, Somalia, and Ethiopia - were recruited to work as domestic servants but were subsequently subjected to forced labor; Filipina domestic workers continue to be sent to Syria and are vulnerable to forced labor; the Syrian armed forces and opposition forces are using Syrian children in combat and support roles and as human shields; Iraqi women and girls continue to be sexually exploited, and Syrian children still face conditions of forced labor", - "tier_rating": "Tier 3 - the government does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government does not demonstrate evidence of increasing efforts to investigate and punish trafficking offenses, provide protective services to victims, inform the public about human trafficking, or provide much-needed anti-trafficking training to law enforcement and social welfare officials; the government does not refer any victims to NGO-operated shelters and has failed to institute procedures for the identification, interview, and referral of trafficking victims; the status of the national plan of action against trafficking is unknown (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "a transit point for opiates, hashish, and cocaine bound for regional and Western markets; weak anti-money-laundering controls and bank privatization may leave it vulnerable to money laundering" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/middle-east/ye-yemen.json b/middle-east/ye-yemen.json deleted file mode 100644 index 5523cf49..00000000 --- a/middle-east/ye-yemen.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,623 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "North Yemen became independent of the Ottoman Empire in 1918. The British, who had set up a protectorate area around the southern port of Aden in the 19th century, withdrew in 1967 from what became South Yemen. Three years later, the southern government adopted a Marxist orientation. The massive exodus of hundreds of thousands of Yemenis from the south to the north contributed to two decades of hostility between the states. The two countries were formally unified as the Republic of Yemen in 1990. A southern secessionist movement and brief civil war in 1994 was quickly subdued. In 2000, Saudi Arabia and Yemen agreed to a delimitation of their border. Fighting in the northwest between the government and Huthi rebels, a group seeking a return to traditional Zaydi Islam, began in 2004 and has since resulted in six rounds of fighting - the last ended in early 2010 with a cease-fire that continues to hold. The southern secessionist movement was revitalized in 2008 when a popular socioeconomic protest movement initiated the prior year took on political goals including secession. Public rallies in Sana'a against then President SALIH - inspired by similar demonstrations in Tunisia and Egypt - slowly built momentum starting in late January 2011 fueled by complaints over high unemployment, poor economic conditions, and corruption. By the following month, some protests had resulted in violence, and the demonstrations had spread to other major cities. By March the opposition had hardened its demands and was unifying behind calls for SALIH's immediate ouster. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) in late April 2011, in an attempt to mediate the crisis in Yemen, proposed an agreement in which the president would step down in exchange for immunity from prosecution. SALIH's refusal to sign an agreement led to heavy street fighting and his injury in an explosion in June 2011. The UN Security Council passed Resolution 2014 in October 2011 calling on both sides to end the violence and complete a power transfer deal. In late November 2011, SALIH signed the GCC-brokered agreement to step down and to transfer some of his powers to Vice President Abd Rabuh Mansur HADI. Following elections in February 2012, won by HADI, SALIH formally transferred his powers. In accordance with the GCC initiative, Yemen launched a National Dialogue to discuss key constitutional, political, and social issues in mid-March 2013." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Red Sea, between Oman and Saudi Arabia" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "15 00 N, 48 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Middle East" - }, - "area": { - "total": "527,968 sq km", - "land": "527,968 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km", - "note": "includes Perim, Socotra, the former Yemen Arab Republic (YAR or North Yemen), and the former People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY or South Yemen)" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than twice the size of Wyoming" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,746 km", - "border_countries": "Oman 288 km, Saudi Arabia 1,458 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "1,906 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; extraordinarily hot, dry, harsh desert in east" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "narrow coastal plain backed by flat-topped hills and rugged mountains; dissected upland desert plains in center slope into the desert interior of the Arabian Peninsula" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Arabian Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Jabal an Nabi Shu'ayb 3,760 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, fish, rock salt, marble; small deposits of coal, gold, lead, nickel, and copper; fertile soil in west" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "2.2%", - "permanent_crops": "0.55%", - "other": "97.25% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "6,801 sq km (2004)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "2.1 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "3.57 cu km/yr (7%/2%/91%)", - "per_capita": "162.4 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "sandstorms and dust storms in summer", - "volcanism": "limited volcanic activity; Jebel at Tair (Jabal al-Tair, Jebel Teir, Jabal al-Tayr, Jazirat at-Tair) (elev. 244 m), which forms an island in the Red Sea, erupted in 2007 after awakening from dormancy; other historically active volcanoes include Harra of Arhab, Harras of Dhamar, Harra es-Sawad, and Jebel Zubair, although many of these have not erupted in over a century" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "limited natural freshwater resources; inadequate supplies of potable water; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location on Bab el Mandeb, the strait linking the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, one of world's most active shipping lanes" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Yemeni(s)", - "adjective": "Yemeni" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "predominantly Arab; but also Afro-Arab, South Asians, Europeans" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Arabic (official)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Muslim (Islam - official) including Shaf'i (Sunni) and Zaydi (Shia), small numbers of Jewish, Christian, and Hindu" - }, - "population": { - "text": "25,408,288 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "42% (male 5,433,121/female 5,235,891)", - "15_24_years": "21.1% (male 2,720,793/female 2,640,652)", - "25_54_years": "30.6% (male 3,974,091/female 3,797,543)", - "55_64_years": "3.7% (male 446,293/female 490,628)", - "65_years_and_over": "2.6% (male 315,141/female 354,135) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "75.6 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "70.6 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.1 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "19.8 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "18.5 years", - "male": "18.4 years", - "female": "18.6 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.5% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "31.63 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "6.64 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "32.3% of total population (2011)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "4.78% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "SANAA (capital) 2.229 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.92 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.9 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.03 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "19.2", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (1997 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "200 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "51.93 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "56.33 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "47.31 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "64.47 years", - "male": "62.39 years", - "female": "66.65 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "4.27 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "27.7% (2006)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "5.2% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.3 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.7 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 72% of population; rural: 47% of population; total: 55% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 28% of population; rural: 53% of population; total: 45% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 93% of population; rural: 34% of population; total: 53% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 7% of population; rural: 66% of population; total: 47% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2001 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "12,000 (2001 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever and malaria", - "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "14.5% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "43.1% (2003)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.2% of GDP (2008)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "65.3%", - "male": "82.1%", - "female": "48.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "9 years", - "male": "11 years", - "female": "7 years (2005)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "1,334,288", - "percentage": "23 % (2006 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Yemen", - "conventional_short_form": "Yemen", - "local_long_form": "Al Jumhuriyah al Yamaniyah", - "local_short_form": "Al Yaman", - "former": "Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen] and People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen]" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Sanaa", - "geographic_coordinates": "15 21 N, 44 12 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "20 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah) and 1 municipality*; Abyan, 'Adan (Aden), Ad Dali', Al Bayda', Al Hudaydah, Al Jawf, Al Mahrah, Al Mahwit, Amanat al 'Asimah (Sanaa City)*, 'Amran, Dhamar, Hadramawt, Hajjah, Ibb, Lahij, Ma'rib, Raymah, Sa'dah, San'a' (Sanaa), Shabwah, Ta'izz" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "22 May 1990 (Republic of Yemen was established with the merger of the Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen] and the Marxist-dominated People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen]); note - previously North Yemen became independent in November 1918 (from the Ottoman Empire) and became a republic with the overthrow of the theocratic Imamate in 1962; South Yemen became independent on 30 November 1967 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Unification Day, 22 May (1990)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "16 May 1991; amended 29 September 1994 and February 2001" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of Islamic law, Napoleonic law, English common law, and customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Abd Rabuh Mansur HADI (Field Marshal) (since 25 February 2012)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Muhammad Salim BA SINDWAH (since 27 November 2011)", - "cabinet": "on 27 November 2011, Vice President HADI requested Interim Prime Minister Muhammad Salim BA SINDWAH to form a new government following the resignation of President SALIH on 24 November 2011", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term based on constitution; however a special election was held on 21 February 2012 to remove Ali Abdallah SALIH based on a GCC-mediated deal during the political crisis of 2011 (next election to be held in 2014); vice president appointed by the president but position is vacant; prime minister appointed by the president", - "election_results": "Abd Rabuh Mansur HADI elected as a consensus president with about 50% popular participation; no other candidates" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral legislature consisting of a Shura Council (111 seats; members appointed by the president) and House of Representatives (301 seats; members elected by popular vote in single-member constituencies to serve six-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 27 April 2003 (scheduled April 2009 election postponed)", - "election_results": "House of Representatives percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - GPC 238, Islah 47, YSP 6, Nasserite Unionist Party 3, National Arab Socialist Ba'th Party 2, independents 5" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the president of the Court, 2 deputies, and nearly 50 judges; court organized into constitutional, civil, commercial, family, administrative, criminal, military, and appeals scrutiny divisions)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges appointed by the Supreme Judicial Council, chaired by the president of the republic and consisting of 10 high-ranking judicial officers; judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65", - "subordinate_courts": "appeal courts; district or first instance courts; commercial courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "General People's Congress or GPC [Ali Abdallah SALIH, Abd Rabuh Mansur HADI]; Islamic Reform Grouping or Islah [Muhammed Abdallah al-YADUMI, Abdul Wahab al-ANSI]; Nasserite Unionist Party [Sultan al-ATWANI]; Yemeni Socialist Party or YSP [Yasin Said NU'MAN]; ", - "note": "there are at least seven more active political parties" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Muslim Brotherhood; Women National Committee; ", - "other": "conservative tribal groups; Huthis, southern secessionist groups; al-Qa'ida in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP)" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "AFESD, AMF, CAEU, CD, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Adel Ali Ahmed AL-SUNAINI", - "chancery": "2319 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 965-4760", - "fax": "[1] (202) 337-2017" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Gerald M. FEIERSTEIN", - "embassy": "Sa'awan Street, Sanaa", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 22347, Sanaa", - "telephone": "[967] (1) 755-2000 ext. 2153 or 2266", - "fax": "[967] (1) 303-182" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black; the band colors derive from the Arab Liberation flag and represent oppression (black), overcome through bloody struggle (red), to be replaced by a bright future (white)", - "note": "similar to the flag of Syria, which has two green stars in the white band, and of Iraq, which has an Arabic inscription centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Egypt, which has a heraldic eagle centered in the white band" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "golden eagle" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"al-qumhuriyatu l-muttahida\" (United Republic)", - "lyrics_music": "Abdullah Abdulwahab NOA'MAN/Ayyoab Tarish ABSI", - "note": "adopted 1990; the music first served as the anthem for South Yemen before unification with North Yemen in 1990" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Yemen is a low income country that is highly dependent on declining oil resources for revenue. Petroleum accounts for roughly 25% of GDP and 70% of government revenue. Yemen has tried to counter the effects of its declining oil resources by diversifying its economy through an economic reform program initiated in 2006 that is designed to bolster non-oil sectors of the economy and foreign investment. In October 2009, Yemen exported its first liquefied natural gas as part of this diversification effort. In January 2010, the international community established the Friends of Yemen group that aims to support Yemen's efforts toward economic and political reform. In 2012, the Friends of Yemen pledged over $7 billion in assistance to Yemen. The Yemeni Government also endorsed a Mutual Accountability Framework to facilitate the efficient implementation of donor aid. The unrest that began in early 2011 caused GDP to plunge more than 15% in 2011, and about 2% in 2012. Availability of basic services, including electricity, water, and fuel, has improved since the transition, but progress toward achieving more sustainable economic stability has been slow and uneven. Yemen continues to face difficult long-term challenges, including declining water resources, high unemployment, and a high population growth rate." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$60.06 billion (2012 est.); $59.97 billion (2011 est.); $66.99 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$35.64 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2012 est.); -10.5% (2011 est.); 7.7% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$2,300 (2012 est.); $2,400 (2011 est.); $2,700 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "8.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 8.6% of GDP (2011 est.); 9.9% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "77.3%", - "government_consumption": "14.3%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "18%", - "investment_in_inventories": "-4.1%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "19.7%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-25.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "8.5%", - "industry": "36%", - "services": "55.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "grain, fruits, vegetables, pulses, qat, coffee, cotton; dairy products, livestock (sheep, goats, cattle, camels), poultry; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "crude oil production and petroleum refining; small-scale production of cotton textiles and leather goods; food processing; handicrafts; small aluminum products factory; cement; commercial ship repair; natural gas production" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "7.158 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "note": "most people are employed in agriculture and herding; services, construction, industry, and commerce account for less than one-fourth of the labor force" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "35% (2003 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "45.2% (2003)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.9%", - "highest_10%": "30.8% (2005)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "37.7 (2005); 33.4 (1998)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$7.359 billion", - "expenditures": "$11.2 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "20.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-10.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "43% of GDP (2012 est.); 36.5% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "10.2% (2012 est.); 19.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "23% (31 December 2012 est.); 25% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$5.142 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.645 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$10.59 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $10.17 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$9.576 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $7.662 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$2.19 billion (2012 est.); -$1.663 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$7.604 billion (2012 est.); $8.662 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "crude oil, coffee, dried and salted fish, liquefied natural gas" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "China 37.3%, Thailand 15.8%, South Korea 11.4%, India 9.9%, UAE 5.3% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$8.893 billion (2012 est.); $8.248 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "food and live animals, machinery and equipment, chemicals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 15.7%, UAE 14.4%, India 9.7%, Saudi Arabia 6.8%, Kuwait 5.1% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$6.158 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.531 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$7.395 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.418 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Yemeni rials (YER) per US dollar -; 214.35 (2012 est.); 213.8 (2011 est.); 219.59 (2010 est.); 202.85 (2009); 199.76 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "6.339 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "4.7 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "1.33 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "162,100 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "191,100 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "2.88 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "83,130 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "177,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "18,140 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "61,950 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "6.24 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "760 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "5.48 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "478.5 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "26.5 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "1.075 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "11.668 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "since unification in 1990, efforts have been made to create a national telecommunications network", - "domestic": "the national network consists of microwave radio relay, cable, tropospheric scatter, GSM and CDMA mobile-cellular telephone systems; fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity remains low by regional standards", - "international": "country code - 967; landing point for the international submarine cable Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 2 Arabsat; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and Djibouti (2006)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-run TV with 2 stations; state-run radio with 2 national radio stations and 5 local stations; stations from Oman and Saudi Arabia can be accessed (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ye" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "33,206 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "2.349 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "57 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "17", - "over_3_047_m": "4", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "9", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "40", - "over_3_047_m": "3", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "5", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "7", - "914_to_1_523_m": "16", - "under_914_m": "9 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 641 km; liquid petroleum gas 22 km; oil 1,370 km (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "71,300 km", - "paved": "6,200 km", - "unpaved": "65,100 km (2005)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "5", - "by_type": "chemical tanker 2, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1", - "registered_in_other_countries": "14 (Moldova 4, Panama 4, Sierra Leone 2, Togo 1, unknown 3) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Aden, Al Hudaydah, Al Mukalla" - }, - "transportation_note": { - "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports offshore waters in the Gulf of Aden are high risk for piracy; numerous vessels, including commercial shipping and pleasure craft, have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; crew, passengers, and cargo are held for ransom; the presence of several naval task forces in the Gulf of Aden and additional anti-piracy measures on the part of ship operators reduced the incidence of piracy in that body of water by more than half in 2010" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Land Forces, Naval and Coastal Defense Forces (includes Marines), Air and Air Defense Force (al-Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Yemeniya), Border Guards, Stategic Reserve Forces (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription; 2-year service obligation (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "5,652,256", - "females_age_16_49": "5,387,160 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "4,056,944", - "females_age_16_49": "4,116,895 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "287,141", - "female": "277,612 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "6.6% of GDP (2006)" - }, - "military_note": { - "text": "a Coast Guard was established in 2002" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Saudi Arabia has reinforced its concrete-filled security barrier along sections of the fully demarcated border with Yemen to stem illegal cross-border activities" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "5,221 (Ethiopia) (2012); 229,447 (Somalia) (2013)", - "idps": "306,791 (conflict in Sa'ada governorate; clashes between AQAP and government forces) (2013)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Yemen is a source and, to a much lesser extent, transit and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; some Yemeni children, mostly boys, migrate to Yemeni cities or across the border to Saudi Arabia and, less frequently Oman, where they end up as forced laborers in domestic service or small shops, beggars, or prostitutes; some of the large number of child workers in Yemen also face conditions of forced labor; other Yemeni children are conscripted into the government's armed forces or tribal or rebel militias; to a lesser degree, Yemen is a country of origin for girls trafficked within country or to Saudi Arabia to work as prostitutes in hotels and clubs; additionally, Yemen is a destination and transit country for women and children from the Horn of Africa who are looking for work or have received false job offers in the Gulf states but are subjected to sexual exploitation or forced labor upon arrival; reports indicate that adults and children are still sold or inherited as slaves in Yemen", - "tier_rating": "Tier 3 - Yemen does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; prolonged political, economic, and security crises impeded the government's modest anti-trafficking efforts; the government has not instituted formal procedures to identify and protect victims of trafficking or investigate or prosecute officials complicit in trafficking-related crimes; no known efforts have been made to investigate or punish the practice of chattel slavery; the government has taken some steps to prevent the recruitment of children in the armed forces, but it is unclear if efforts have been made to remove child soldiers from the military and provide them with protective or rehabilitative services; no progress has been made in implementing Yemen's 2008 national action plan on trafficking (2013)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/north-america/ca-canada.json b/north-america/ca-canada.json deleted file mode 100644 index 2a0d5c28..00000000 --- a/north-america/ca-canada.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,628 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "A land of vast distances and rich natural resources, Canada became a self-governing dominion in 1867 while retaining ties to the British crown. Economically and technologically, the nation has developed in parallel with the US, its neighbor to the south across the world's longest unfortified border. Canada faces the political challenges of meeting public demands for quality improvements in health care, education, social services, and economic competitiveness, as well as responding to the particular concerns of predominantly francophone Quebec. Canada also aims to develop its diverse energy resources while maintaining its commitment to the environment." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the east, North Pacific Ocean on the west, and the Arctic Ocean on the north, north of the conterminous US" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "60 00 N, 95 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "North America" - }, - "area": { - "total": "9,984,670 sq km", - "land": "9,093,507 sq km", - "water": "891,163 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than the US" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "8,893 km", - "border_countries": "US 8,893 km (includes 2,477 km with Alaska)", - "note": "Canada is the World's largest country that borders only one country" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "202,080 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly plains with mountains in west and lowlands in southeast" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Mount Logan 5,959 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, rare earth elements, molybdenum, potash, diamonds, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "4.3%", - "permanent_crops": "0.49%", - "other": "95.2% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "8,699 sq km (2004)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "2,902 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "42.2 cu km/yr (20%/70%/10%)", - "per_capita": "1,589 cu m/yr (2010)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow east of the mountains", - "volcanism": "the vast majority of volcanoes in Western Canada's Coast Mountains remain dormant" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "air pollution and resulting acid rain severely affecting lakes and damaging forests; metal smelting, coal-burning utilities, and vehicle emissions impacting on agricultural and forest productivity; ocean waters becoming contaminated due to agricultural, industrial, mining, and forestry activities" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Marine Life Conservation" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "second-largest country in world (after Russia); strategic location between Russia and US via north polar route; approximately 90% of the population is concentrated within 160 km of the US border; Canada has more fresh water than any other country and almost 9% of Canadian territory is water; Canada has at least 2 million and possibly over 3 million lakes - that is more than all other countries combined" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Canadian(s)", - "adjective": "Canadian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "British Isles origin 28%, French origin 23%, other European 15%, Amerindian 2%, other, mostly Asian, African, Arab 6%, mixed background 26%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "English (official) 58.8%, French (official) 21.6%, other 19.6% (2006 Census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 42.6%, Protestant 23.3% (United Church 9.5%, Anglican 6.8%, Baptist 2.4%, Lutheran 2%), other Christian 4.4%, Muslim 1.9%, other and unspecified 11.8%, none 16% (2001 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "34,568,211 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "15.5% (male 2,753,263/female 2,617,600)", - "15_24_years": "12.9% (male 2,285,268/female 2,160,005)", - "25_54_years": "41.4% (male 7,253,587/female 7,067,997)", - "55_64_years": "13.3% (male 2,285,072/female 2,329,760)", - "65_years_and_over": "16.8% (male 2,574,216/female 3,241,443) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "46.3 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "24 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "22.2 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "4.5 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "41.5 years", - "male": "40.2 years", - "female": "42.7 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.77% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "10.28 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "8.2 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "5.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "81% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "Toronto 5.377 million; Montreal 3.75 million; Vancouver 2.197 million; OTTAWA (capital) 1.208 million; Calgary 1.16 million (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.79 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "27.6 (2007 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "12 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "4.78 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "5.11 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "4.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "81.57 years", - "male": "78.98 years", - "female": "84.31 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.59 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "74%", - "note": "percent of women aged 18-44 (2002)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "11.3% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.91 physicians/1,000 population (2006)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "3.2 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 99% of population; total: 100% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 1% of population; total: 0% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 99% of population; total: 100% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 1% of population; total: 0% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.3% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "68,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "26.2% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99%", - "male": "99%", - "female": "99% (2003 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "17 years", - "male": "17 years", - "female": "17 years (2004)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "14.1%", - "male": "15.9%", - "female": "12.3% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "none", - "conventional_short_form": "Canada" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "a parliamentary democracy, a federation, and a constitutional monarchy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Ottawa", - "geographic_coordinates": "45 25 N, 75 42 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November", - "note": "Canada is divided into six time zones" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "10 provinces and 3 territories*; Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories*, Nova Scotia, Nunavut*, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon*" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "1 July 1867 (union of British North American colonies); 11 December 1931 (recognized by UK per Statute of Westminster)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Canada Day, 1 July (1867)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "made up of unwritten and written acts, customs, judicial decisions, and traditions; the written part of the constitution consists of the Constitution Act of 29 March 1867, which created a federation of four provinces, and the Constitution Act of 17 April 1982, which transferred formal control over the constitution from Britain to Canada, and added a Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms as well as procedures for constitutional amendments" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "common law system except in Quebec where civil law based on the French civil code prevails" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "head_of_state": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General David JOHNSTON (since 1 October 2010)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Stephen Joseph HARPER (since 6 February 2006)", - "cabinet": "Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament", - "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a five-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Commons generally designated prime minister by the governor general" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of the Senate or Senat (105 seats; members appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister and serve until 75 years of age) and the House of Commons or Chambre des Communes (308 seats; members elected by direct, popular vote to serve a maximum of four-year terms)", - "elections": "House of Commons - last held on 2 May 2011 (next to be held no later than 19 October 2015)", - "election_results": "House of Commons - percent of vote by party - Conservative Party 39.6%, NDP 30.6%, Liberal Party 18.9%, Bloc Quebecois 6%, Greens 3.9%; seats by party - Conservative Party 166, NDP 103, Liberal Party 34, Bloc Quebecois 4, Greens 1" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Canada (consists of the chief justice and 8 judges) note - in 1949, Canada finally abolished all appeals beyond its Supreme Court to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "chief justice and judges appointed by the prime minister in council; all judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 75", - "subordinate_courts": "federal level: Federal Court of Appeal; Federal Court; Tax Court; federal administrative tribunals; courts martial; provincial/territorial: provincial superior, appeals, first instance, and specialized courts; in 1999, the Nunavut Court - a circuit court with the power of a superior court and the territorial courts - was established to serve isolated settlements" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Bloc Quebecois [Daniel PAILLE]; Conservative Party of Canada [Stephen HARPER]; Green Party [Elizabeth MAY]; Liberal Party [Robert RAE (interim)]; New Democratic Party or NDP [Thomas MULCAIR]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "other": "agricultural sector; automobile industry; business groups; chemical industry; commercial banks; communications sector; energy industry; environmentalists; public administration groups; steel industry; trade unions" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), APEC, Arctic Council, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CD, CDB, CE (observer), EAPC, EBRD, EITI (implementing country), FAO, FATF, G-20, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAFTA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Gary DOER", - "chancery": "501 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20001", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 682-1740", - "fax": "[1] (202) 682-7726", - "consulates_general": "Atlanta, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Detroit, Los Angeles, Miami, Minneapolis, New York, San Francisco/Silicon Valley, Seattle", - "consulates": "Anchorage (AK), Houston, Palo Alto (CA), Philadelphia, Phoenix, Raleigh (NC), Salt Lake City, San Diego, Tucson" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador David C. JACOBSON", - "embassy": "490 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 1G8", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 5000, Ogdensburg, NY 13669-0430; P.O. Box 866, Station B, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5T1", - "telephone": "[1] (613) 688-5335", - "fax": "[1] (613) 688-3082", - "consulates_general": "Calgary, Halifax, Montreal, Quebec City, Toronto, Vancouver, Winnipeg" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "two vertical bands of red (hoist and fly side, half width) with white square between them; an 11-pointed red maple leaf is centered in the white square; the maple leaf has long been a Canadian symbol; the official colors of Canada are red and white" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "maple leaf" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"O Canada\"", - "lyrics_music": "Adolphe-Basile ROUTHIER [French], Robert Stanley WEIR [English]/Calixa LAVALLEE", - "note": "adopted 1980; originally written in 1880, \"O Canada\" served as an unofficial anthem many years before its official adoption; the anthem has French and English versions whose lyrics differ; as a Commonwealth realm, in addition to the national anthem, \"God Save the Queen\" serves as the royal anthem (see United Kingdom)" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "As a high-tech industrial society in the trillion-dollar class, Canada resembles the US in its market-oriented economic system, pattern of production, and affluent living standards. Since World War II, the impressive growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy into one primarily industrial and urban. The 1989 US-Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (which includes Mexico) touched off a dramatic increase in trade and economic integration with the US its principal trading partner. Canada enjoys a substantial trade surplus with the US, which absorbs about three-fourths of Canadian exports each year. Canada is the US's largest foreign supplier of energy, including oil, gas, uranium, and electric power. Given its great natural resources, highly skilled labor force, and modern capital plant, Canada enjoyed solid economic growth from 1993 through 2007. Buffeted by the global economic crisis, the economy dropped into a sharp recession in the final months of 2008, and Ottawa posted its first fiscal deficit in 2009 after 12 years of surplus. Canada's major banks, however, emerged from the financial crisis of 2008-09 among the strongest in the world, owing to the financial sector's tradition of conservative lending practices and strong capitalization. Canada achieved marginal growth in 2010-12 and plans to balance the budget by 2015. In addition, the country's petroleum sector is rapidly becoming an even larger economic driver with Alberta's oil sands significantly boosting Canada's proven oil reserves, ranking the country third in the world behind Saudi Arabia and Venezuela." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$1.513 trillion (2012 est.); $1.485 trillion (2011 est.); $1.448 trillion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$1.819 trillion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.8% (2012 est.); 2.6% (2011 est.); 3.2% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$43,400 (2012 est.); $43,100 (2011 est.); $42,500 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "20.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 20.6% of GDP (2011 est.); 19.7% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "55.8%", - "government_consumption": "21.7%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "24%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.4%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "30%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-32% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "1.7%", - "industry": "28.5%", - "services": "69.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "wheat, barley, oilseed, tobacco, fruits, vegetables; dairy products; fish; forest products" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "transportation equipment, chemicals, processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products, fish products, petroleum and natural gas" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "18.89 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "2%", - "manufacturing": "13%", - "construction": "6%", - "services": "76%", - "other": "3% (2006 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "7.3% (2012 est.); 7.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "9.4%", - "note": "this figure is the Low Income Cut-Off (LICO), a calculation that results in higher figures than found in many comparable economies; Canada does not have an official poverty line (2008)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.6%", - "highest_10%": "24.8% (2000)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "32.1 (2005); 31.5 (1994)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$682.5 billion", - "expenditures": "$749.5 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "37.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-3.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "84.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 83.4% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "figures are for gross general government debt, as opposed to net federal debt; gross general government debt includes both intragovernmental debt and the debt of public entities at the sub-national level" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 April - 31 March" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "1.5% (2012 est.); 2.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "1% (31 December 2010 est.); 0.25% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "3% (31 December 2012 est.); 3% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$654.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $585 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$1.523 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.404 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$3.083 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.836 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$1.907 trillion (31 December 2011); $2.16 trillion (31 December 2010); $1.681 trillion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$59.92 billion (2012 est.); -$48.91 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$462.9 billion (2012 est.); $461.4 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "motor vehicles and parts, industrial machinery, aircraft, telecommunications equipment; chemicals, plastics, fertilizers; wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, natural gas, electricity, aluminum" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 74.5%, China 4.3%, UK 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$474.8 billion (2012 est.); $460.4 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, crude oil, chemicals, electricity, durable consumer goods" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "US 50.6%, China 11%, Mexico 5.5% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$68.55 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $65.82 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$1.326 trillion (31 December 2012); $1.191 trillion (31 December 2011)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$918.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $873.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$953.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $899.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Canadian dollars (CAD) per US dollar -; 0.9992 (2012 est.); 0.9895 (2011 est.); 1.0302 (2010 est.); 1.1431 (2009); 1.0364 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "580.6 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "504.8 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "43.91 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "18.79 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "131.5 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "28.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "10.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "57% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "3.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "3.592 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "1.355 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "791,100 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "173.6 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "1.978 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "2.259 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "437,300 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "282,200 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "160.1 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "103.3 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "92.72 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "30.49 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "1.727 trillion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "548.8 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "18.201 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "27.387 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "excellent service provided by modern technology", - "domestic": "domestic satellite system with about 300 earth stations", - "international": "country code - 1; submarine cables provide links to the US and Europe; satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean, and 2 Intersputnik - Atlantic Ocean region) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "2 public TV broadcasting networks each with a large number of network affiliates; several private-commercial networks also with multiple network affiliates; overall, about 150 TV stations; multi-channel satellite and cable systems provide access to a wide range of stations including US stations; mix of public and commercial radio broadcasters with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), the public radio broadcaster, operating 4 radio networks, Radio Canada International, and radio services to indigenous populations in the north; roughly 2,000 licensed radio stations in Canada (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ca" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "8.743 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "26.96 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "1,467 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "523", - "over_3_047_m": "21", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "19", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "147", - "914_to_1_523_m": "257", - "under_914_m": "79 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "944", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "75", - "914_to_1_523_m": "385", - "under_914_m": "484 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "26 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas and liguid petroleum 100,000 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "46,552 km", - "standard_gauge": "46,552 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "1,042,300 km", - "paved": "415,600 km (includes 17,000 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "626,700 km (2008)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "636 km (Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint Lawrence River of 3,058 km, shared with United States) (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "181", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 62, cargo 15, carrier 1, chemical tanker 15, combination ore/oil 1, container 2, passenger 5, passenger/cargo 63, petroleum tanker 11, roll on/roll off 6", - "foreign_owned": "19 (Estonia 1, France 1, Netherlands 1, Norway 4, Sweden 2, US 10)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "225 (Australia 5, Bahamas 96, Barbados 11, Cambodia 2, Cyprus 2, Honduras 1, Hong Kong 77, Liberia 2, Malta 5, Marshall Islands 8, Norway 1, Panama 6, Spain 4, Vanuatu 5) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Halifax, Saint John (New Brunswick), Vancouver", - "river_and_lake_ports": "Montreal, Quebec City, Sept-Isles (St. Lawrence); Fraser River Port (Fraser); Hamilton (Lake Ontario)", - "oil_gas_terminals": "Lower Lakes terminal", - "dry_bulk_cargo_ports": "Port-Cartier (iron ore and grain),", - "container_ports": "Montreal (1,362,975), Vancouver (2,507,032)(2011)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Canadian Forces: Canadian Army, Royal Canadian Navy, Royal Canadian Air Force, Canada Command (homeland security) (2011)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "17 years of age for voluntary male and female military service (with parental consent); 16 years of age for Reserve and Military College applicants; Canadian citizenship or permanent residence status required; maximum 34 years of age; service obligation 3-9 years (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "8,031,266", - "females_age_16_49": "7,755,550 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "6,633,472", - "females_age_16_49": "6,389,669 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "218,069", - "female": "206,195 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.1% of GDP (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "managed maritime boundary disputes with the US at Dixon Entrance, Beaufort Sea, Strait of Juan de Fuca, and the Gulf of Maine including the disputed Machias Seal Island and North Rock; Canada and the United States dispute how to divide the Beaufort Sea and the status of the Northwest Passage but continue to work cooperatively to survey the Arctic continental shelf; US works closely with Canada to intensify security measures for monitoring and controlling legal and illegal movement of people, transport, and commodities across the international border; sovereignty dispute with Denmark over Hans Island in the Kennedy Channel between Ellesmere Island and Greenland; commencing the collection of technical evidence for submission to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in support of claims for continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles from its declared baselines in the Arctic, as stipulated in Article 76, paragraph 8, of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "17,563 (Colombia); 16,813 (China); 13,705 (Sri Lanka); 11,605 (Pakistan); 6,798 (Haiti); 5,995 (Mexico); 5,287 (India) (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic drug market and export to US; use of hydroponics technology permits growers to plant large quantities of high-quality marijuana indoors; increasing ecstasy production, some of which is destined for the US; vulnerable to narcotics money laundering because of its mature financial services sector" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/north-america/mx-mexico.json b/north-america/mx-mexico.json deleted file mode 100644 index f520ed74..00000000 --- a/north-america/mx-mexico.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,644 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The site of several advanced Amerindian civilizations - including the Olmec, Toltec, Teotihuacan, Zapotec, Maya, and Aztec - Mexico was conquered and colonized by Spain in the early 16th century. Administered as the Viceroyalty of New Spain for three centuries, it achieved its independence early in the 19th century. The global financial crisis beginning in late 2008 caused a massive economic downturn the following year, although growth returned quickly in 2010. Ongoing economic and social concerns include low real wages, underemployment for a large segment of the population, inequitable income distribution, and few advancement opportunities for the largely indigenous population in the impoverished southern states. The elections held in 2000 marked the first time since the 1910 Mexican Revolution that an opposition candidate - Vicente FOX of the National Action Party (PAN) - defeated the party in government, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). He was succeeded in 2006 by another PAN candidate Felipe CALDERON, but the PRI regained the presidency in 2012. Since 2007, Mexico's powerful drug-trafficking organizations have engaged in bloody feuding, resulting in tens of thousands of drug-related homicides." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "North America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, between Belize and the United States and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and the United States" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "23 00 N, 102 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "North America" - }, - "area": { - "total": "1,964,375 sq km", - "land": "1,943,945 sq km", - "water": "20,430 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly less than three times the size of Texas" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "4,353 km", - "border_countries": "Belize 250 km, Guatemala 962 km, US 3,141 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "9,330 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "varies from tropical to desert" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "high, rugged mountains; low coastal plains; high plateaus; desert" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Laguna Salada -10 m", - "highest_point": "Volcan Pico de Orizaba 5,700 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, silver, copper, gold, lead, zinc, natural gas, timber" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "12.98%", - "permanent_crops": "1.36%", - "other": "85.66% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "64,600 sq km (2009)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "457.2 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "80.4 cu km/yr (14%/9%/77%)", - "per_capita": "700.4 cu m/yr (2009)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "tsunamis along the Pacific coast, volcanoes and destructive earthquakes in the center and south, and hurricanes on the Pacific, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean coasts", - "volcanism": "volcanic activity in the central-southern part of the country; the volcanoes in Baja California are mostly dormant; Colima (elev. 3,850 m), which erupted in 2010, is Mexico's most active volcano and is responsible for causing periodic evacuations of nearby villagers; it has been deemed a \"Decade Volcano\" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Popocatepetl (elev. 5,426 m) poses a threat to Mexico City; other historically active volcanoes include Barcena, Ceboruco, El Chichon, Michoacan-Guanajuato, Pico de Orizaba, San Martin, Socorro, and Tacana" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "scarcity of hazardous waste disposal facilities; rural to urban migration; natural freshwater resources scarce and polluted in north, inaccessible and poor quality in center and extreme southeast; raw sewage and industrial effluents polluting rivers in urban areas; deforestation; widespread erosion; desertification; deteriorating agricultural lands; serious air and water pollution in the national capital and urban centers along US-Mexico border; land subsidence in Valley of Mexico caused by groundwater depletion", - "note": "the government considers the lack of clean water and deforestation national security issues" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location on southern border of US; corn (maize), one of the world's major grain crops, is thought to have originated in Mexico" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Mexican(s)", - "adjective": "Mexican" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish) 60%, Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian 30%, white 9%, other 1%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Spanish only 92.7%, Spanish and indigenous languages 5.7%, indigenous only 0.8%, unspecified 0.8%", - "note": "indigenous languages include various Mayan, Nahuatl, and other regional languages (2005)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 82.7%, Protestant 1.6%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.4%, other Evangelical Churches 5%, other 1.9%, none 4.7%, unspecified 2.7% (2000 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "116,220,947 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "27.4% (male 16,268,424/female 15,587,324)", - "15_24_years": "18.1% (male 10,566,890/female 10,421,798)", - "25_54_years": "40.7% (male 22,647,828/female 24,677,965)", - "55_64_years": "6.9% (male 3,703,316/female 4,337,956)", - "65_years_and_over": "6.9% (male 3,574,207/female 4,435,239) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "53.6 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "43.7 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "9.8 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "10.2 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "27.7 years", - "male": "26.6 years", - "female": "28.8 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.07% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "18.61 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "4.94 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-2.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "78% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.2% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)", - "note": "Mexico City is the second-largest urban agglomeration in the Western Hemisphere, after Sao Paulo (Brazil), but before New York-Newark (US)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "MEXICO CITY (capital) 19.319 million; Guadalajara 4.338 million; Monterrey 3.838 million; Puebla 2.278 million; Tijuana 1.629 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.92 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.86 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.81 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.96 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "21.3", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2006 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "50 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "16.26 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "18.04 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "14.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "76.86 years", - "male": "74.03 years", - "female": "79.83 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.25 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "70.9% (2006)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "6.3% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "2.89 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.6 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 97% of population; rural: 91% of population; total: 96% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 3% of population; rural: 9% of population; total: 4% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 87% of population; rural: 79% of population; total: 85% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 13% of population; rural: 21% of population; total: 15% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.3% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "220,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "intermediate", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A", - "vectorborne_disease": "dengue fever (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "32.1% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "3.4% (2006)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.3% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "93.5%", - "male": "94.8%", - "female": "92.3% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "14 years", - "male": "14 years", - "female": "14 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "1,105,617", - "percentage": "5 % (2009 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "9.8%", - "male": "9.5%", - "female": "10.4% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "United Mexican States", - "conventional_short_form": "Mexico", - "local_long_form": "Estados Unidos Mexicanos", - "local_short_form": "Mexico" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "federal republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Mexico City (Distrito Federal)", - "geographic_coordinates": "19 26 N, 99 08 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins first Sunday in April; ends last Sunday in October", - "note": "Mexico is divided into three time zones" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "31 states (estados, singular - estado) and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Aguascalientes, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila de Zaragoza, Colima, Distrito Federal*, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan de Ocampo, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro de Arteaga, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave (Veracruz), Yucatan, Zacatecas" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "16 September 1810 (declared); 27 September 1821 (recognized by Spain)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 16 September (1810)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "5 February 1917" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system with US constitutional law theory influence; judicial review of legislative acts" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory (but not enforced)" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Enrique PENA NIETO (since 1 December 2012); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Enrique PENA NIETO (since 1 December 2012)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president; note - appointment of attorney general, the head of the Bank of Mexico, and senior treasury officials require consent of the Senate", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a single six-year term; election last held on 1 July 2012 (next to be held July 2018)", - "election_results": "Enrique PENA NIETO elected president; percent of vote - Enrique PENA NIETO (PRI) 38.21%, Andres Manuel LOPEZ OBRADOR (PRD) 31.59%, Josefina Eugenia VAZQUEZ Mota (PAN) 25.41%, other 4.79%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral National Congress or Congreso de la Union consists of the Senate or Camara de Senadores (128 seats; 96 members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms, and 32 seats allocated on the basis of each party's popular vote) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (500 seats; 300 members are elected by popular vote; remaining 200 members are allocated on the basis of each party's popular vote; members to serve three-year terms)", - "elections": "Senate - last held on 1 July 2012 for all of the seats (next to be held on 1 July 2018); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 1 July 2012 (next to be held on 5 July 2015)", - "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PRI 52, PAN 38, PRD 22, PVEM 9, PT 4, Movimiento Ciudadano 2, PANAL 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PRI 208, PAN 114, PRD 100, PVEM 33, PT 19, Movimiento Ciudadano 16, PANAL 10" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Justice or Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nacion (consists of 21 ministers or judges and 5 supernumerary judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges nominated by the president and approved by the Senate; judges serve for life", - "subordinate_courts": "federal level includes Electoral Tribunal, circuit, collegiate, and unitary courts; state level and district level courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Citizen's Movement (Movimiento Ciudadano) [Luis WALTON Aburto]; Institutional Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario Institucional) or PRI [Cesar CAMACHO Quiroz]; Labor Party (Partido del Trabajo) or PT [Alberto ANAYA Gutierrez]; Mexican Green Ecological Party (Partido Verde Ecologista de Mexico) or PVEM [vacant]; National Action Party (Partido Accion Nacional) or PAN [Gustavo MADERO Munoz]; New Alliance Party (Partido Nueva Alianza) or PNA/PANAL [Luis CASTRO Obregon]; Party of the Democratic Revolution (Partido de la Revolucion Democratica) or PRD [Jesus ZAMBRANO Grijalva]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Businessmen's Coordinating Council or CCE; Confederation of Employers of the Mexican Republic or COPARMEX; Confederation of Industrial Chambers or CONCAMIN; Confederation of Mexican Workers or CTM; Confederation of National Chambers of Commerce or CONCANACO; Coordinator for Foreign Trade Business Organizations or COECE; Federation of Unions Providing Goods and Services or FESEBES; National Chamber of Transformation Industries or CANACINTRA; National Peasant Confederation or CNC; National Small Business Chamber or CANACOPE; National Syndicate of Education Workers or SNTE; National Union of Workers or UNT; Popular Assembly of the People of Oaxaca or APPO; Roman Catholic Church" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "APEC, BCIE, BIS, CAN (observer), Caricom (observer), CD, CDB, CE (observer), CELAC, CSN (observer), EBRD, FAO, FATF, G-20, G-3, G-15, G-24, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, MIGA, NAFTA, NAM (observer), NEA, OAS, OECD, OPANAL, OPCW, Paris Club (associate), PCA, SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR (observer), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina (observer), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Eduardo MEDINA MORA Icaza", - "chancery": "1911 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20006", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 728-1600", - "fax": "[1] (202) 728-1698", - "consulates_general": "Anchorage, Atlanta, Austin, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, El Paso (TX), Houston, Laredo (TX), Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Nogales (AZ), Phoenix, Sacramento (CA), San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose (CA), San Juan (Puerto Rico), Saint Paul (MN)", - "consulates": "Albuquerque, Anchorage (AK), Boise (ID), Brownsville (TX), Calexico (CA), Del Rio (TX), Detroit, Douglas (AZ), Eagle Pass (TX), Fresno (CA), Indianapolis (IN), Kansas City (MO), Las Vegas (NV), Little Rock (AR), McAllen (TX), Midland (TX), New Orleans, Omaha (NE), Orlando (FL), Oxnard (CA), Philadelphia, Portland (OR), Presidio (TX), Raleigh (NC), Salt Lake City, San Bernardino (CA), Santa Ana (CA), Seattle, Tucson (AZ), Yuma (AZ); note - Washington DC Consular Section located in a separate building from the Mexican Embassy and has jurisdiction over DC, parts of Virginia, Maryland, and West Virginia" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Earl Anthony WAYNE", - "embassy": "Paseo de la Reforma 305, Colonia Cuauhtemoc, 06500 Mexico, Distrito Federal", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 9000, Brownsville, TX 78520-9000", - "telephone": "[52] (55) 5080-2000", - "fax": "[52] (55) 5080-2834", - "consulates_general": "Ciudad Juarez, Guadalajara, Hermosillo, Matamoros, Merida, Monterrey, Nogales, Nuevo Laredo, Tijuana" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and red; Mexico's coat of arms (an eagle with a snake in its beak perched on a cactus) is centered in the white band; green signifies hope, joy, and love; white represents peace and honesty; red stands for hardiness, bravery, strength, and valor; the coat of arms is derived from a legend that the wandering Aztec people were to settle at a location where they would see an eagle on a cactus eating a snake; the city they founded, Tenochtitlan, is now Mexico City", - "note": "similar to the flag of Italy, which is shorter, uses lighter shades of red and green, and does not have anything in its white band" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "golden eagle" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Himno Nacional Mexicano\" (National Anthem of Mexico)", - "lyrics_music": "Francisco Gonzalez BOCANEGRA/Jaime Nuno ROCA", - "note": "adopted 1943, in use since 1854; the anthem is also known as \"Mexicanos, al grito de Guerra\" (Mexicans, to the War Cry); according to tradition, Francisco Gonzalez BOCANEGRA, an accomplished poet, was uninterested in submitting lyrics to a national anthem contest; his fiancee locked him in a room and refused to release him until the lyrics were completed" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Mexico has a free market economy in the trillion dollar class. It contains a mixture of modern and outmoded industry and agriculture, increasingly dominated by the private sector. Recent administrations have expanded competition in seaports, railroads, telecommunications, electricity generation, natural gas distribution, and airports. Per capita income is roughly one-third that of the US; income distribution remains highly unequal. Since the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994, Mexico's share of US imports has increased from 7% to 12%, and its share of Canadian imports has doubled to 5.5%. Mexico has free trade agreements with over 50 countries including Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, the European Free Trade Area, and Japan - putting more than 90% of trade under free trade agreements. In 2012 Mexico formally joined the Trans-Pacific Partnership negotiations and in July it formed the Pacific Alliance with Peru, Colombia and Chile. In 2007, during its first year in office, the Felipe CALDERON administration was able to garner support from the opposition to successfully pass pension and fiscal reforms. The administration passed an energy reform measure in 2008 and another fiscal reform in 2009. Mexico's GDP plunged 6.2% in 2009 as world demand for exports dropped, asset prices tumbled, and remittances and investment declined. GDP posted positive growth of 5.6% in 2010 with exports - particularly to the United States - leading the way. Growth slowed to 3.9% in 2011 and slightly recovered to 4% in 2012. In November 2012, Mexico's legislature passed a comprehensive labor reform which was signed into law by former President Felipe CALDERON. Mexico's new PRI government, led by President Enrique PENA NIETO, has said it will prioritize structural economic reforms and competitiveness. The new president signed the Pact for Mexico, an agreement that lists 95 priority commitments, along with the leaders of the country's three main political parties: the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), the National Action Party (PAN) and the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD)." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$1.788 trillion (2012 est.); $1.72 trillion (2011 est.); $1.655 trillion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$1.177 trillion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.9% (2012 est.); 3.9% (2011 est.); 5.3% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$15,600 (2012 est.); $15,100 (2011 est.); $14,700 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "23.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 24.3% of GDP (2011 est.); 23.7% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "64.8%", - "government_consumption": "11.6%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "20.7%", - "investment_in_inventories": "4%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "32.9%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-34% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "4.1%", - "industry": "34.2%", - "services": "61.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "corn, wheat, soybeans, rice, beans, cotton, coffee, fruit, tomatoes; beef, poultry, dairy products; wood products" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and steel, petroleum, mining, textiles, clothing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, tourism" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "50.64 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "13.7%", - "industry": "23.4%", - "services": "62.9% (2005)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "5% (2012 est.); 5.2% (2011 est.)", - "note": "underemployment may be as high as 25%" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "51.3%", - "note": "based on food-based definition of poverty; asset based poverty amounted to more than 47% (2010 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1.5%", - "highest_10%": "41.4% (2008)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "48.3 (2008); 53.1 (1998)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$266.9 billion", - "expenditures": "$297.7 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "22.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-2.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "35.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 35.3% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "4.1% (2012 est.); 3.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "4.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 4.5% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "4.73% (31 December 2012 est.); 4.92% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$175.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $148.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$738 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $684.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$404.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $359.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$408.7 billion (31 December 2011); $454.3 billion (31 December 2010); $340.6 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$11 billion (2012 est.); -$11.07 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$370.9 billion (2012 est.); $349.4 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "manufactured goods, oil and oil products, silver, fruits, vegetables, coffee, cotton" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 78% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$370.8 billion (2012 est.); $350.8 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "metalworking machines, steel mill products, agricultural machinery, electrical equipment, car parts for assembly, repair parts for motor vehicles, aircraft, and aircraft parts" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "US 50.5%, China 15.5%, Japan 4.8% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$167.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $149.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$352.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $286.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$315 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $302.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$137.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $112.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Mexican pesos (MXN) per US dollar -; 13.17 (2012 est.); 12.423 (2011 est.); 12.636 (2010 est.); 13.514 (2009); 11.016 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "254.4 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "203.8 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "1.32 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "624.5 million kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "59.33 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "75% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "2.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "19.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "3.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "2.934 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "1.299 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "12.17 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "1.458 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "2.133 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "199,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "496,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "55.1 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "59.15 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "13 million cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "13.95 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "490.3 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "445.3 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "19.684 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "94.565 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "adequate telephone service for business and government; improving quality and increasing mobile cellular availability, with mobile subscribers far outnumbering fixed-line subscribers; domestic satellite system with 120 earth stations; extensive microwave radio relay network; considerable use of fiber-optic cable and coaxial cable", - "domestic": "despite the opening to competition in January 1997, Telmex remains dominant; Fixed-line teledensity is less than 20 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity is about 80 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 52; Columbus-2 fiber-optic submarine cable with access to the US, Virgin Islands, Canary Islands, Spain, and Italy; the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) and the MAYA-1 submarine cable system together provide access to Central America, parts of South America and the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth stations - 120 (32 Intelsat, 2 Solidaridad (giving Mexico improved access to South America, Central America, and much of the US as well as enhancing domestic communications), 1 Panamsat, numerous Inmarsat mobile earth stations); linked to Central American Microwave System of trunk connections (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "many TV stations and more than 1,400 radio stations with most privately owned; the Televisa group once had a virtual monopoly in TV broadcasting, but new broadcasting groups and foreign satellite and cable operators are now available (2012)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".mx" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "16.233 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "31.02 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "1,714 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "243", - "over_3_047_m": "12", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "32", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "80", - "914_to_1_523_m": "86", - "under_914_m": "33 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "1,471", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "42", - "914_to_1_523_m": "281", - "under_914_m": "1,146 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 18,074 km; liquid petroleum 2,102 km; oil 8,775 km; oil/gas/water 369 km; refined products 7,565 km; water 123 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "17,166 km", - "standard_gauge": "17,166 km 1.435-m gauge (22 km electrified) (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "366,095 km", - "paved": "132,289 km (includes 6,279 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "233,806 km (2008)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "2,900 km (navigable rivers and coastal canals mostly connected with ports on the country's east coast) (2012)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "52", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 5, cargo 3, chemical tanker 11, liquefied gas 3, passenger/cargo 10, petroleum tanker 17, roll on/roll off 3", - "foreign_owned": "5 (France 1, Greece 2, South Africa 1, UAE 1)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "12 (Antigua and Barbuda 1, Marshall Islands 2, Panama 5, Portugal 1, Spain 1, Venezuela 1, unknown 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Altamira, Coatzacoalcos, Lazaro Cardenas, Manzanillo, Salina Cruz, Veracruz", - "oil_terminals": "Cayo Arcas terminal, Dos Bocas terminal" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Secretariat of National Defense (Secretaria de Defensa Nacional, Sedena): Army (Ejercito), Mexican Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Mexicana, FAM); Secretariat of the Navy (Secretaria de Marina, Semar): Mexican Navy (Armada de Mexico (ARM); includes Naval Air Force (FAN), Mexican Naval Infantry Corps (Cuerpo de Infanteria de Marina, Mexmar or CIM)) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for compulsory military service, conscript service obligation is 12 months; 16 years of age with consent for voluntary enlistment; conscripts serve only in the Army; Navy and Air Force service is all voluntary; women are eligible for voluntary military service; cadets enrolled in military schools from the age of 15 are considered members of the armed forces (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "28,815,506", - "females_age_16_49": "30,363,558 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "23,239,866", - "females_age_16_49": "25,642,549 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "1,105,371", - "female": "1,067,007 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.5% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "abundant rainfall in recent years along much of the Mexico-US border region has ameliorated periodically strained water-sharing arrangements; the US has intensified security measures to monitor and control legal and illegal personnel, transport, and commodities across its border with Mexico; Mexico must deal with thousands of impoverished Guatemalans and other Central Americans who cross the porous border looking for work in Mexico and the United States; Belize and Mexico are working to solve minor border demarcation discrepancies arising from inaccuracies in the 1898 border treaty" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "idps": "160,000 (government's quashing of Zapatista uprising in 1994 in eastern Chiapas Region; drug cartel violence and government's military response since 2007; violence between and within indigenous groups) (2011)", - "stateless_persons": "7 (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "major drug-producing and transit nation; world's second largest opium poppy cultivator; opium poppy cultivation in 2009 rose 31% over 2008 to 19,500 hectares yielding a potential production of 50 metric tons of pure heroin, or 125 metric tons of \"black tar\" heroin, the dominant form of Mexican heroin in the western United States; marijuana cultivation increased 45% to 17,500 hectares in 2009; government conducts the largest independent illicit-crop eradication program in the world; continues as the primary transshipment country for US-bound cocaine from South America, with an estimated 95% of annual cocaine movements toward the US stopping in Mexico; major drug syndicates control the majority of drug trafficking throughout the country; producer and distributor of ecstasy; significant money-laundering center; major supplier of heroin and largest foreign supplier of marijuana and methamphetamine to the US market (2007)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/north-america/us-united-states.json b/north-america/us-united-states.json deleted file mode 100644 index b8040b4a..00000000 --- a/north-america/us-united-states.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,636 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Britain's American colonies broke with the mother country in 1776 and were recognized as the new nation of the United States of America following the Treaty of Paris in 1783. During the 19th and 20th centuries, 37 new states were added to the original 13 as the nation expanded across the North American continent and acquired a number of overseas possessions. The two most traumatic experiences in the nation's history were the Civil War (1861-65), in which a northern Union of states defeated a secessionist Confederacy of 11 southern slave states, and the Great Depression of the 1930s, an economic downturn during which about a quarter of the labor force lost its jobs. Buoyed by victories in World Wars I and II and the end of the Cold War in 1991, the US remains the world''s most powerful nation state. Since the end of World War II, the economy has achieved relatively steady growth, low unemployment and inflation, and rapid advances in technology." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "North America, bordering both the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean, between Canada and Mexico" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "38 00 N, 97 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "North America" - }, - "area": { - "total": "9,826,675 sq km", - "land": "9,161,966 sq km", - "water": "664,709 sq km", - "note": "includes only the 50 states and District of Columbia" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "about half the size of Russia; about three-tenths the size of Africa; about half the size of South America (or slightly larger than Brazil); slightly larger than China; more than twice the size of the European Union" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "12,034 km", - "border_countries": "Canada 8,893 km (including 2,477 km with Alaska), Mexico 3,141 km", - "note": "US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba is leased by the US and is part of Cuba; the base boundary is 28 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "19,924 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "not specified" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the great plains west of the Mississippi River, and arid in the Great Basin of the southwest; low winter temperatures in the northwest are ameliorated occasionally in January and February by warm chinook winds from the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "vast central plain, mountains in west, hills and low mountains in east; rugged mountains and broad river valleys in Alaska; rugged, volcanic topography in Hawaii" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Death Valley -86 m", - "highest_point": "Mount McKinley (Denali) 6,194 m (highest point in North America)", - "note": "the peak of Mauna Kea (4,207 m above sea level) on the island of Hawaii rises about 10,200 m above the Pacific Ocean floor; by this measurement, it is the world's tallest mountain - higher than Mount Everest (8,850 m), which is recognized as the tallest mountain above sea level" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, rare earth elements, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel, potash, silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum, natural gas, timber", - "note": "the US has the world's largest coal reserves with 491 billion short tons accounting for 27% of the world's total" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "16.29%", - "permanent_crops": "0.26%", - "other": "83.44% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "266,440 sq km (2007)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "3,069 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "478.4 cu km/yr (14%/46%/40%)", - "per_capita": "1,583 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "tsunamis; volcanoes; earthquake activity around Pacific Basin; hurricanes along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts; tornadoes in the Midwest and Southeast; mud slides in California; forest fires in the west; flooding; permafrost in northern Alaska, a major impediment to development", - "volcanism": "volcanic activity in the Hawaiian Islands, Western Alaska, the Pacific Northwest, and in the Northern Mariana Islands; both Mauna Loa (elev. 4,170 m) in Hawaii and Mount Rainier (elev. 4,392 m) in Washington have been deemed \"Decade Volcanoes\" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to their explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Pavlof (elev. 2,519 m) is the most active volcano in Alaska's Aleutian Arc and poses a significant threat to air travel since the area constitutes a major flight path between North America and East Asia; St. Helens (elev. 2,549 m), famous for the devastating 1980 eruption, remains active today; numerous other historically active volcanoes exist, mostly concentrated in the Aleutian arc and Hawaii; they include: in Alaska: Aniakchak, Augustine, Chiginagak, Fourpeaked, Iliamna, Katmai, Kupreanof, Martin, Novarupta, Redoubt, Spurr, Wrangell; in Hawaii: Trident, Ugashik-Peulik, Ukinrek Maars, Veniaminof; in the Northern Mariana Islands: Anatahan; and in the Pacific Northwest: Mount Baker, Mount Hood" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "air pollution resulting in acid rain in both the US and Canada; large emitter of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels; water pollution from runoff of pesticides and fertilizers; limited natural freshwater resources in much of the western part of the country require careful management; desertification" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Hazardous Wastes" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "world's third-largest country by size (after Russia and Canada) and by population (after China and India); Mt. McKinley is highest point in North America and Death Valley the lowest point on the continent" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "American(s)", - "adjective": "American" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "white 79.96%, black 12.85%, Asian 4.43%, Amerindian and Alaska native 0.97%, native Hawaiian and other Pacific islander 0.18%, two or more races 1.61% (July 2007 estimate)", - "note": "a separate listing for Hispanic is not included because the US Census Bureau considers Hispanic to mean persons of Spanish/Hispanic/Latino origin including those of Mexican, Cuban, Puerto Rican, Dominican Republic, Spanish, and Central or South American origin living in the US who may be of any race or ethnic group (white, black, Asian, etc.); about 15.1% of the total US population is Hispanic" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "English 82.1%, Spanish 10.7%, other Indo-European 3.8%, Asian and Pacific island 2.7%, other 0.7% (2000 census)", - "note": "the US has no official national language, but English has acquired official status in 28 of the 50 states; Hawaiian is an official language in the state of Hawaii" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Protestant 51.3%, Roman Catholic 23.9%, Mormon 1.7%, other Christian 1.6%, Jewish 1.7%, Buddhist 0.7%, Muslim 0.6%, other or unspecified 2.5%, unaffiliated 12.1%, none 4% (2007 est.)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "316,668,567 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "20% (male 32,344,207/female 31,006,688)", - "15_24_years": "13.7% (male 22,082,128/female 21,157,025)", - "25_54_years": "40.2% (male 63,802,736/female 63,581,749)", - "55_64_years": "12.3% (male 18,699,338/female 20,097,791)", - "65_years_and_over": "13.9% (male 19,122,853/female 24,774,052) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "50.4 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "29.4 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "21 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "4.8 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "37.2 years", - "male": "35.9 years", - "female": "38.5 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.9% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "13.66 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "8.39 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "3.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "82% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.2% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "New York-Newark 19.3 million; Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana 12.675 million; Chicago 9.134 million; Miami 5.699 million; WASHINGTON, D.C. (capital) 4.421 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.93 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.77 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.97 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "25 (2006 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "21 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "5.9 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "6.55 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "5.22 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "78.62 years", - "male": "76.19 years", - "female": "81.17 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.06 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "76.4%", - "note": "percent of women aged 15-44 (2010)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "17.9% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "2.67 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "3 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 94% of population; total: 99% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 6% of population; total: 1% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 99% of population; total: 100% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 1% of population; total: 0% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.6% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "1.2 million (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "17,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "33% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "1.3% (2004)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.4% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99%", - "male": "99%", - "female": "99% (2003 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "17 years", - "male": "16 years", - "female": "18 years (2010)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "17.3%", - "male": "18.7%", - "female": "15.7% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "United States of America", - "conventional_short_form": "United States", - "abbreviation": "US or USA" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "Constitution-based federal republic; strong democratic tradition" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Washington, DC", - "geographic_coordinates": "38 53 N, 77 02 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-5 (during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November", - "note": "the 50 United States cover six time zones" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "50 states and 1 district*; Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia*, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming" - }, - "dependent_areas": { - "text": "American Samoa, Baker Island, Guam, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Navassa Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palmyra Atoll, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Wake Island", - "note": "from 18 July 1947 until 1 October 1994, the US administered the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; it entered into a political relationship with all four political entities: the Northern Mariana Islands is a commonwealth in political union with the US (effective 3 November 1986); the Republic of the Marshall Islands signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 21 October 1986); the Federated States of Micronesia signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 3 November 1986); Palau concluded a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 1 October 1994)" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "4 July 1776 (declared); 3 September 1783 (recognized by Great Britain)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 4 July (1776)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "17 September 1787, effective 4 March 1789; amended many times, most recently in 1992" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "common law system based on English common law at the federal level; state legal systems based on common law except Louisiana, which is based on Napoleonic civil code; judicial review of legislative acts" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "withdrew acceptance of compulsory ICJ jurisdiction in 2005; withdrew acceptance of ICCt jurisdiction in 2002" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Barack H. OBAMA (since 20 January 2009); Vice President Joseph R. BIDEN (since 20 January 2009); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Barack H. OBAMA (since 20 January 2009); Vice President Joseph R. BIDEN (since 20 January 2009)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president with Senate approval", - "elections": "president and vice president elected on the same ticket by a college of representatives who are elected directly from each state; president and vice president serve four-year terms (eligible for a second term); election last held 6 November 2012 (next to be held on 8 November 2016)", - "election_results": "Barack H. OBAMA reelected president; percent of popular vote - Barack H. OBAMA 50.6%, Mitt ROMNEY 47.9%, other 1.5%;" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Congress consists of the Senate (100 seats, 2 members elected from each state by popular vote to serve six-year terms; one-third elected every two years) and the House of Representatives (435 seats; members directly elected by popular vote to serve two-year terms)", - "elections": "Senate - last held on 6 November 2012 (next to be held on 4 November 2014); House of Representatives - last held on 6 November 2012 (next to be held on 4 November 2014)", - "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 54, Republican Party 45, independent 1; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 201, Republican Party 234" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "US Supreme Court (consists of 9 justices - the chief justice and 8 associate justices) note - The US court system consists of the federal court system and the state court systems; although each court system is responsible for hearing certain types of cases, neither is completely independent of the other, and the systems often interact", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "president nominates, and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoints Supreme Court justices; justices appointed for life", - "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal (includes the US Court of Appeal for the Federal District and 12 regional appeals courts); 94 federal district courts in 50 states and territories" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Democratic Party [Debbie Wasserman SCHULTZ]; Green Party; Libertarian Party [Mark HINKLE]; Republican Party [Reince PRIEBUS]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "environmentalists; business groups; labor unions; churches; ethnic groups; political action committees or PACs; health groups; education groups; civic groups; youth groups; transportation groups; agricultural groups; veterans groups; women's groups; reform lobbies" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), ANZUS, APEC, Arctic Council, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CE (observer), CERN (observer), CICA (observer), CP, EAPC, EAS, EBRD, EITI (implementing country), FAO, FATF, G-20, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAFTA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNSC (permanent), UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "13 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing 50 small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six stars (top and bottom) alternating with rows of five stars; the 50 stars represent the 50 states, the 13 stripes represent the 13 original colonies; the blue stands for loyalty, devotion, truth, justice, and friendship; red symbolizes courage, zeal, and fervency, while white denotes purity and rectitude of conduct; commonly referred to by its nickname of Old Glory", - "note": "the design and colors have been the basis for a number of other flags, including Chile, Liberia, Malaysia, and Puerto Rico" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "bald eagle" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"The Star-Spangled Banner\"", - "lyrics_music": "Francis Scott KEY/John Stafford SMITH", - "note": "adopted 1931; during the War of 1812, after witnessing the successful American defense of Fort McHenry in Baltimore following British naval bombardment, Francis Scott KEY wrote the lyrics to what would become the national anthem; the lyrics were set to the tune of \"The Anacreontic Song\"; only the first verse is sung" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "The US has the largest and most technologically powerful economy in the world, with a per capita GDP of $49,800. In this market-oriented economy, private individuals and business firms make most of the decisions, and the federal and state governments buy needed goods and services predominantly in the private marketplace. US business firms enjoy greater flexibility than their counterparts in Western Europe and Japan in decisions to expand capital plant, to lay off surplus workers, and to develop new products. At the same time, they face higher barriers to enter their rivals' home markets than foreign firms face entering US markets. US firms are at or near the forefront in technological advances, especially in computers and in medical, aerospace, and military equipment; their advantage has narrowed since the end of World War II. The onrush of technology largely explains the gradual development of a \"two-tier labor market\" in which those at the bottom lack the education and the professional/technical skills of those at the top and, more and more, fail to get comparable pay raises, health insurance coverage, and other benefits. Since 1975, practically all the gains in household income have gone to the top 20% of households. Since 1996, dividends and capital gains have grown faster than wages or any other category of after-tax income. Imported oil accounts for nearly 55% of US consumption. Crude oil prices doubled between 2001 and 2006, the year home prices peaked; higher gasoline prices ate into consumers' budgets and many individuals fell behind in their mortgage payments. Oil prices climbed another 50% between 2006 and 2008, and bank foreclosures more than doubled in the same period. Besides dampening the housing market, soaring oil prices caused a drop in the value of the dollar and a deterioration in the US merchandise trade deficit, which peaked at $840 billion in 2008. The sub-prime mortgage crisis, falling home prices, investment bank failures, tight credit, and the global economic downturn pushed the United States into a recession by mid-2008. GDP contracted until the third quarter of 2009, making this the deepest and longest downturn since the Great Depression. To help stabilize financial markets, in October 2008 the US Congress established a $700 billion Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP). The government used some of these funds to purchase equity in US banks and industrial corporations, much of which had been returned to the government by early 2011. In January 2009 the US Congress passed and President Barack OBAMA signed a bill providing an additional $787 billion fiscal stimulus to be used over 10 years - two-thirds on additional spending and one-third on tax cuts - to create jobs and to help the economy recover. In 2010 and 2011, the federal budget deficit reached nearly 9% of GDP. In 2012 the federal government reduced the growth of spending and the deficit shrank to 7.6% of GDP. Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan required major shifts in national resources from civilian to military purposes and contributed to the growth of the budget deficit and public debt. Through 2011, the direct costs of the wars totaled nearly $900 billion, according to US government figures. US revenues from taxes and other sources are lower, as a percentage of GDP, than those of most other countries. In March 2010, President OBAMA signed into law the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, a health insurance reform that will extend coverage to an additional 32 million American citizens by 2016, through private health insurance for the general population and Medicaid for the impoverished. Total spending on health care - public plus private - rose from 9.0% of GDP in 1980 to 17.9% in 2010. In July 2010, the president signed the DODD-FRANK Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, a law designed to promote financial stability by protecting consumers from financial abuses, ending taxpayer bailouts of financial firms, dealing with troubled banks that are \"too big to fail,\" and improving accountability and transparency in the financial system - in particular, by requiring certain financial derivatives to be traded in markets that are subject to government regulation and oversight. In December 2012, the Federal Reserve Board announced plans to purchase $85 billion per month of mortgage-backed and Treasury securities in an effort to hold down long-term interest rates, and to keep short term rates near zero until unemployment drops to 6.5% from the December rate of 7.8%, or until inflation rises above 2.5%. Long-term problems include stagnation of wages for lower-income families, inadequate investment in deteriorating infrastructure, rapidly rising medical and pension costs of an aging population, energy shortages, and sizable current account and budget deficits - including significant budget shortages for state governments." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$15.94 trillion (2012 est.); $15.6 trillion (2011 est.); $15.32 trillion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$15.68 trillion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.2% (2012 est.); 1.8% (2011 est.); 2.4% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$50,700 (2012 est.); $50,000 (2011 est.); $49,500 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "10.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 9.2% of GDP (2011 est.); 8.9% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "70.9%", - "government_consumption": "19.5%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "12.8%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.4%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "13.9%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-17.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "1.1%", - "industry": "19.2%", - "services": "79.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "wheat, corn, other grains, fruits, vegetables, cotton; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; fish; forest products" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "highly diversified, world leading, high-technology innovator, second largest industrial output in world; petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber, mining" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "155 million", - "note": "includes unemployed (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "farming_forestry_and_fishing": "0.7%", - "manufacturing_extraction_transportation_and_crafts": "20.3%", - "managerial_professional_and_technical": "37.3%", - "sales_and_office": "24.2%", - "other_services": "17.6%", - "note": "figures exclude the unemployed (2009)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "8.1% (2012 est.); 9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "15.1% (2010 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2%", - "highest_10%": "30% (2007 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "45 (2007); 40.8 (1997)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$2.449 trillion", - "expenditures": "$3.538 trillion", - "note": "for the US, revenues exclude social contributions of approximately $1.0 trillion; expenditures exclude social benefits of approximately $2.3 trillion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "15.6% of GDP", - "note": "excludes contributions for social security and other programs; if social contributions were added, taxes and other revenues would amount to approximately 22% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-6.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "72.5% of GDP (2012 est.); 67.8% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover only what the United States Treasury denotes as \"Debt Held by the Public,\" which includes all debt instruments issued by the Treasury that are owned by non-US Government entities; the data include Treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by individual US states, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of Treasury borrowings from surpluses in the trusts for Federal Social Security, Federal Employees, Hospital Insurance (Medicare and Medicaid), Disability and Unemployment, and several other smaller trusts; if data for intra-government debt were added, \"Gross Debt\" would increase by about one-third of GDP" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 October - 30 September" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.1% (2012 est.); 3.1% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "0.5% (31 December 2010); 0.5% (31 December 2009)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "3.25% (31 December 2012 est.); 3.25% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$2.311 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.01 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$12.99 trillion (31 December 2011 est.); $12.07 trillion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$16.16 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $15.61 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$15.64 trillion (31 December 2011); $17.14 trillion (31 December 2010); $15.08 trillion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$487.2 billion (2012 est.); -$465.9 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$1.564 trillion (2012 est.); $1.497 trillion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "agricultural products (soybeans, fruit, corn) 9.2%, industrial supplies (organic chemicals) 26.8%, capital goods (transistors, aircraft, motor vehicle parts, computers, telecommunications equipment) 49.0%, consumer goods (automobiles, medicines) 15.0%" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Canada 18.9%, Mexico 14%, China 7.2%, Japan 4.5% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$2.299 trillion (2012 est.); $2.236 trillion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "agricultural products 4.9%, industrial supplies 32.9% (crude oil 8.2%), capital goods 30.4% (computers, telecommunications equipment, motor vehicle parts, office machines, electric power machinery), consumer goods 31.8% (automobiles, clothing, medicines, furniture, toys)" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 19%, Canada 14.1%, Mexico 12%, Japan 6.4%, Germany 4.7% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$150.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $148 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$15.93 trillion (31 December 2012); $15.51 trillion (31 December 2011)", - "note": "approximately 4/5ths of US external debt is denominated in US dollars; foreign lenders have been willing to hold US dollar denominated debt instruments because they view the dollar as the world's reserve currency" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$2.723 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.548 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$4.507 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.156 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "british_pounds_per_us_dollar": "0.6324 (2012 est.), 0.624 (2011 est.), 0.6472 (2010), 0.6175 (2009), 0.5302 (2008)", - "canadian_dollars_per_us_dollar": "(2012 est.), 1.001 (2012 est.), 0.9895 (2011 est), 1.0302 (2010 est.), 1.1431 (2009), 1.0364 (2008)", - "chinese_yuan_per_us_dollar": "(2011 est.), 6.311 (2012 est.), 6.4615 (20111 est.), 6.7703 (2010 est.), 6.8314 (2009), 6.9385 (2008)", - "euros_per_us_dollar": "0.7838 (2012 est.), 0.7185 (2011 est.), 0.755 (2010 est.), 0.7198 (2009), 0.6827 (2008)", - "japanese_yen_per_us_dollar": "79.42 (2012 est.), 79.81 (2011 est.), 87.78 (2010), 93.57 (2009), 103.58 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "4.12 trillion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "3.889 trillion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "19.41 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "45.23 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "1.025 billion kW (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "75.5% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "9.9% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "7.7% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "4.8% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "9.023 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "43,800 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "9.013 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "20.68 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "17.88 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "18.84 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "1.876 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "1.255 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "651.3 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "689.9 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "42.67 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "97.86 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "7.716 trillion cu m (1 January 2009 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "5.61 billion Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "146 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "290.3 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "a large, technologically advanced, multipurpose communications system", - "domestic": "a large system of fiber-optic cable, microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, and domestic satellites carries every form of telephone traffic; a rapidly growing cellular system carries mobile telephone traffic throughout the country", - "international": "country code - 1; multiple ocean cable systems provide international connectivity; satellite earth stations - 61 Intelsat (45 Atlantic Ocean and 16 Pacific Ocean), 5 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 4 Inmarsat (Pacific and Atlantic Ocean regions) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "4 major terrestrial TV networks with affiliate stations throughout the country, plus cable and satellite networks, independent stations, and a limited public broadcasting sector that is largely supported by private grants; overall, thousands of TV stations broadcasting; multiple national radio networks with many affiliate stations; while most stations are commercial, National Public Radio (NPR) has a network of some 600 member stations; satellite radio available; overall, nearly 15,000 radio stations operating (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".us" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "505 million (2012); note - the US Internet total host count includes the following top level domain host addresses: .us, .com, .edu, .gov, .mil, .net, and .org" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "245 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "13,513 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "5,054", - "over_3_047_m": "189", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "235", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1,478", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2,249", - "under_914_m": "903 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "8,459", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "6", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "140", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1,552", - "under_914_m": "6,760 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "5,287 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "natural gas 1,984,321 km; petroleum products 240,711 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "224,792 km", - "standard_gauge": "224,792 km 1.435-m gauge (2007)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "6,506,204 km", - "paved": "4,374,784 km (includes 75,238 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "2,131,420 km (2008)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "41,009 km (19,312 km used for commerce; Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint Lawrence River of 3,058 km, is shared with Canada) (2012)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "393", - "by_type": "barge carrier 6, bulk carrier 55, cargo 51, carrier 2, chemical tanker 30, container 84, passenger 18, passenger/cargo 56, petroleum tanker 35, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 27, vehicle carrier 26", - "foreign_owned": "85 (Australia 1, Bermuda 5, Denmark 31, France 4, Germany 5, Malaysia 2, Norway 17, Singapore 16, UK 4)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "794 (Antigua and Barbuda 7, Australia 2, Bahamas 109, Belgium 1, Bermuda 26, Canada 10, Cayman Islands 57, Comoros 2, Cyprus 5, Georgia 1, Greece 8, Honduras 1, Hong Kong 44, Indonesia 2, Ireland 2, Isle of Man 1, Italy 23, Liberia 53, Malta 34, Marshall Islands 200, Netherlands 16, Norway 10, Panama 90, Portugal 4, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 18, Singapore 36, South Korea 8, Togo 1, UK 14, Vanuatu 2, unknown 6) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "cargo_ports_tonnage": "Baton Rouge, Corpus Christi, Hampton Roads, Houston, Long Beach, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York, Plaquemines, Tampa, Texas City", - "container_ports_teus": "Los Angeles (7,849,985), Long Beach (6,350,125), New York/New Jersey (5,265,058), Savannah (2,616,126), Oakland (2,236,244), Hampton Roads (2,083,278) (2008)", - "cruise_departure_ports_passengers": "Miami (2,032,000), Port Everglades (1,277,000), Port Canaveral (1,189,000), Seattle (430,000), Long Beach (415,000) (2009)", - "oil_terminals": "LOOP terminal, Haymark terminal" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "United States Armed Forces: US Army, US Navy (includes Marine Corps), US Air Force, US Coast Guard; note - Coast Guard administered in peacetime by the Department of Homeland Security, but in wartime reports to the Department of the Navy (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age (17 years of age with parental consent) for male and female voluntary service; no conscription; maximum enlistment age 42 (Army), 27 (Air Force), 34 (Navy), 28 (Marines); service obligation 8 years, including 2-5 years active duty (Army), 2 years active (Navy), 4 years active (Air Force, Marines); DoD is eliminating prohibitions restricting women from assignments in units smaller than brigades or near combat units (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "73,270,043", - "females_age_16_49": "71,941,969 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "60,620,143", - "females_age_16_49": "59,401,941 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "2,161,727", - "female": "2,055,685 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "4.6% of GDP (2010)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "the US has intensified domestic security measures and is collaborating closely with its neighbors, Canada and Mexico, to monitor and control legal and illegal personnel, transport, and commodities across the international borders; abundant rainfall in recent years along much of the Mexico-US border region has ameliorated periodically strained water-sharing arrangements; 1990 Maritime Boundary Agreement in the Bering Sea still awaits Russian Duma ratification; Canada and the United States dispute how to divide the Beaufort Sea and the status of the Northwest Passage but continue to work cooperatively to survey the Arctic continental shelf; The Bahamas and US have not been able to agree on a maritime boundary; US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased from Cuba and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the area can terminate the lease; Haiti claims US-administered Navassa Island; US has made no territorial claim in Antarctica (but has reserved the right to do so) and does not recognize the claims of any other states; Marshall Islands claims Wake Island; Tokelau included American Samoa's Swains Island among the islands listed in its 2006 draft constitution" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "the US admitted 58,238 refugees during FY2012 including 15,070 (Bhutan); 14,160 (Burma); 12,163 (Iraq); 4,911 (Somalia); 1,948 (Cuba); 1,758 (Iran); 1,346 (Eritrea)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "world's largest consumer of cocaine (shipped from Colombia through Mexico and the Caribbean), Colombian heroin, and Mexican heroin and marijuana; major consumer of ecstasy and Mexican methamphetamine; minor consumer of high-quality Southeast Asian heroin; illicit producer of cannabis, marijuana, depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, and methamphetamine; money-laundering center" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pacific/au-australia.json b/pacific/au-australia.json deleted file mode 100644 index ccd5f004..00000000 --- a/pacific/au-australia.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,625 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Prehistoric settlers arrived on the continent from Southeast Asia at least 40,000 years before the first Europeans began exploration in the 17th century. No formal territorial claims were made until 1770, when Capt. James COOK took possession of the east coast in the name of Great Britain (all of Australia was claimed as British territory in 1829 with the creation of the colony of Western Australia). Six colonies were created in the late 18th and 19th centuries; they federated and became the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901. The new country took advantage of its natural resources to rapidly develop agricultural and manufacturing industries and to make a major contribution to the Allied effort in World Wars I and II. In recent decades, Australia has become an internationally competitive, advanced market economy due in large part to economic reforms adopted in the 1980s and its location in one of the fastest growing regions of the world economy. Long-term concerns include aging of the population, pressure on infrastructure, and environmental issues such as floods, droughts, and bushfires. Australia is the driest inhabited continent on earth, making it particularly vulnerable to the challenges of climate change. Australia is home to 10 per cent of the world's biodiversity, and a great number of its flora and fauna exist nowhere else in the world. In January 2013, Australia assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2013-14 term." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Oceania, continent between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "27 00 S, 133 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Oceania" - }, - "area": { - "total": "7,741,220 sq km", - "land": "7,682,300 sq km", - "water": "58,920 sq km", - "note": "includes Lord Howe Island and Macquarie Island" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than the US contiguous 48 states" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "25,760 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly low plateau with deserts; fertile plain in southeast" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Lake Eyre -15 m", - "highest_point": "Mount Kosciuszko 2,229 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "bauxite, coal, iron ore, copper, tin, gold, silver, uranium, nickel, tungsten, rare earth elements, mineral sands, lead, zinc, diamonds, natural gas, petroleum", - "note": "Australia is the world's largest net exporter of coal accounting for 29% of global coal exports" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "6.16% (includes about 27 million hectares of cultivated grassland)", - "permanent_crops": "0.05%", - "other": "93.79% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "25,460 sq km (2006)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "492 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "22.58 cu km/yr (27%/18%/55%)", - "per_capita": "1,152 cu m/yr (2010)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "cyclones along the coast; severe droughts; forest fires", - "volcanism": "volcanic activity on Heard and McDonald Islands" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "soil erosion from overgrazing, industrial development, urbanization, and poor farming practices; soil salinity rising due to the use of poor quality water; desertification; clearing for agricultural purposes threatens the natural habitat of many unique animal and plant species; the Great Barrier Reef off the northeast coast, the largest coral reef in the world, is threatened by increased shipping and its popularity as a tourist site; limited natural freshwater resources" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "world's smallest continent but sixth-largest country; the only continent without glaciers; population concentrated along the eastern and southeastern coasts; the invigorating sea breeze known as the \"Fremantle Doctor\" affects the city of Perth on the west coast and is one of the most consistent winds in the world" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Australian(s)", - "adjective": "Australian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "white 92%, Asian 7%, aboriginal and other 1%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "English 78.5%, Chinese 2.5%, Italian 1.6%, Greek 1.3%, Arabic 1.2%, Vietnamese 1%, other 8.2%, unspecified 5.7% (2006 Census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Protestant 27.4% (Anglican 18.7%, Uniting Church 5.7%, Presbyterian and Reformed 3%), Catholic 25.8%, Eastern Orthodox 2.7%, other Christian 7.9%, Buddhist 2.1%, Muslim 1.7%, other 2.4%, unspecified 11.3%, none 18.7% (2006 Census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "22,262,501 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "18.1% (male 2,061,973/female 1,957,558)", - "15_24_years": "13.4% (male 1,531,325/female 1,453,940)", - "25_54_years": "42% (male 4,748,667/female 4,598,259)", - "55_64_years": "11.8% (male 1,308,660/female 1,326,220)", - "65_years_and_over": "14.7% (male 1,509,460/female 1,766,439) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "50.2 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "28.6 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "21.5 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "4.6 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "38.1 years", - "male": "37.3 years", - "female": "38.8 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.11% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "12.23 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "7.01 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "5.83 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "89% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.2% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "Sydney 4.429 million; Melbourne 3.853 million; Brisbane 1.97 million; Perth 1.599 million; CANBERRA (capital) 399,000 (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.85 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.01 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "30.5 (2006 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "7 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "4.49 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "4.8 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "4.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "81.98 years", - "male": "79.55 years", - "female": "84.54 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.77 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "72.3%", - "note": "percent of women aged 18-44 (2005)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "8.7% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "2.99 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "3.82 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "20,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "26.8% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.1% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99%", - "male": "99%", - "female": "99% (2003 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "20 years", - "male": "19 years", - "female": "20 years (2010)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "11.3%", - "male": "11.9%", - "female": "10.8% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Commonwealth of Australia", - "conventional_short_form": "Australia" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "federal parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Canberra", - "geographic_coordinates": "35 16 S, 149 08 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+10 (15 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins first Sunday in October; ends first Sunday in April", - "note": "Australia is divided into three time zones" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "6 states and 2 territories*; Australian Capital Territory*, New South Wales, Northern Territory*, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia" - }, - "dependent_areas": { - "text": "Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Macquarie Island, Norfolk Island" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "1 January 1901 (from the federation of UK colonies)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Australia Day (commemorates the arrival of the First Fleet of Australian settlers), 26 January (1788); ANZAC Day (commemorates the anniversary of the landing of troops of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps during World War I at Gallipoli, Turkey), 25 April (1915)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "9 July 1900; effective 1 January 1901" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "common law system based on the English model" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "Queen of Australia ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Quentin BRYCE (since 5 September 2008)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Kevin RUDD (since 27 June 2013); Deputy Prime Minister Anthony N. ALBANESE (since 27 June 2013)", - "cabinet": "prime minister nominates, from among members of Parliament, candidates who are subsequently sworn in by the governor general to serve as government ministers", - "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is sworn in as prime minister by the governor general" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Federal Parliament consists of the Senate (76 seats; 12 members from each of the six states and 2 from each of the two mainland territories; one-half of state members are elected every three years by popular vote to serve six-year terms while all territory members are elected every three years) and the House of Representatives (150 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve terms of up to three-years; no state can have fewer than 5 representatives)", - "elections": "Senate - last held on 7 September 2013; House of Representatives - last held on 7 September 2013 (the latest a simultaneous half-Senate and House of Representative elections can be held is 30 November 2016)", - "election_results": "Senate NA; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - Liberal/National Coalition 53.18%, Australian Labor Party 46.82%; seats by party - Liberal/National Coalition 90, Australian Labor Party 55, Australian Greens Party 1, Katter's Australian Party 1, Palmer United Party 1, independents 2" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "High Court of Australia (consists of 7 justices, including the chief justice); note - each of the 6 states, 2 territories, and Norfolk Island has a Supreme Court; the High Court is the final appellate court beyond the state and territory supreme courts", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "justices appointed by the governor-general in council for life with mandatory retirement at age 70", - "subordinate_courts": "subordinate courts at the federal level: Federal Court; Federal Magistrates' Courts of Australia; Family Court; subordinate courts at the state and territory level: Local Court - New South Wales; Magistrates' Courts – Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania, Northern Territory, Australian Capital Territory; District Courts – New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia; County Court – Victoria; Family Court – Western Australia; Court of Petty Sessions – Norfolk Island" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Australian Greens Party [Christine MILNE]; Australian Labor Party [Kevin RUDD]; Country Liberal Party [Terry MILLS]; Family First Party [Steve FIELDING]; Liberal National Party of Queensland [Campbell NEWMAN]; Liberal Party [Tony ABBOTT]; National Party of Australia [Warren TRUSS]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "other": "business groups, environmental groups, social groups, trade unions" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB, ANZUS, APEC, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CD, CP, EAS, EBRD, EITI (implementing country), FAO, FATF, G-20, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NEA, NSG, OECD, OPCW, OSCE (partner), Paris Club, PCA, PIF, SAARC (observer), SICA (observer), Sparteca, SPC, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNMISS, UNMIT, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Kim Christian BEAZLEY", - "chancery": "1601 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 797-3000", - "fax": "[1] (202) 797-3168", - "consulates_general": "Atlanta, Chicago, Honolulu, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Jeffrey L. BLEICH", - "embassy": "Moonah Place, Yarralumla, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600", - "mailing_address": "APO AP 96549", - "telephone": "[61] (02) 6214-5600", - "fax": "[61] (02) 6214-5970", - "consulates_general": "Melbourne, Perth, Sydney" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large seven-pointed star in the lower hoist-side quadrant known as the Commonwealth or Federation Star, representing the federation of the colonies of Australia in 1901; the star depicts one point for each of the six original states and one representing all of Australia's internal and external territories; on the fly half is a representation of the Southern Cross constellation in white with one small, five-pointed star and four larger, seven-pointed stars" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Southern Cross constellation (five, seven-pointed stars); kangaroo; emu" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Advance Australia Fair\"", - "lyrics_music": "Peter Dodds McCORMICK", - "note": "adopted 1984; although originally written in the late 19th century, the anthem did not become used for all official occasions until 1984; as a Commonwealth country, in addition to the national anthem, \"God Save the Queen\" is also played at Royal functions (see United Kingdom)" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "The Australian economy has experienced continuous growth and features low unemployment, contained inflation, very low public debt, and a strong and stable financial system. By 2012, Australia had experienced more than 20 years of continued economic growth, averaging 3.5% a year. Demand for resources and energy from Asia and especially China has grown rapidly, creating a channel for resources investments and growth in commodity exports. The high Australian dollar has hurt the manufacturing sector, while the services sector is the largest part of the Australian economy, accounting for about 70% of GDP and 75% of jobs. Australia was comparatively unaffected by the global financial crisis as the banking system has remained strong and inflation is under control. Australia has benefited from a dramatic surge in its terms of trade in recent years, stemming from rising global commodity prices. Australia is a significant exporter of natural resources, energy, and food. Australia's abundant and diverse natural resources attract high levels of foreign investment and include extensive reserves of coal, iron, copper, gold, natural gas, uranium, and renewable energy sources. A series of major investments, such as the US$40 billion Gorgon Liquid Natural Gas project, will significantly expand the resources sector. Australia is an open market with minimal restrictions on imports of goods and services. The process of opening up has increased productivity, stimulated growth, and made the economy more flexible and dynamic. Australia plays an active role in the World Trade Organization, APEC, the G20, and other trade forums. Australia has bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) with Chile, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, Thailand, and the US, has a regional FTA with ASEAN and New Zealand, is negotiating agreements with China, India, Indonesia, Japan, and the Republic of Korea, as well as with its Pacific neighbors and the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, and is also working on the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement with Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, the US, and Vietnam." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$986.7 billion (2012 est.); $952.6 billion (2011 est.); $930 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$1.542 trillion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.6% (2012 est.); 2.4% (2011 est.); 2.6% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$43,300 (2012 est.); $42,400 (2011 est.); $41,900 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "25.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 25.1% of GDP (2011 est.); 24% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "54.9%", - "government_consumption": "18.2%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "28.5%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.4%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "20.2%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-21.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "4%", - "industry": "27.3%", - "services": "68.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "wheat, barley, sugarcane, fruits; cattle, sheep, poultry" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals, steel" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "12.15 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "3.6%", - "industry": "21.1%", - "services": "75% (2009 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "5.2% (2012 est.); 5.1% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2%", - "highest_10%": "25.4% (1994)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "30.3 (2008); 35.2 (1994)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$498.1 billion", - "expenditures": "$541 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "32.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-2.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "29.3% of GDP (2012 est.); 26.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 July - 30 June" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "1.8% (2012 est.); 3.3% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "3% (February 2013 est.); 4.35% (31 December 2010 est.)", - "note": "this is the Reserve Bank of Australia's \"cash rate target,\" or policy rate" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "6.98% (31 December 2012 est.); 7.74% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$534.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $475.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$1.708 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.501 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$2.255 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.061 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$1.4 trillion (31 January 2013); $1.198 trillion (31 December 2011); $1.455 trillion (31 December 2010)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$47.1 billion (2012 est.); -$29.5 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$258.8 billion (2012 est.); $271.6 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "coal, iron ore, gold, meat, wool, alumina, wheat, machinery and transport equipment" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "China 29.5%, Japan 19.3%, South Korea 8%, India 4.9% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$239.7 billion (2012 est.); $242.3 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and transport equipment, computers and office machines, telecommunication equipment and parts; crude oil and petroleum products" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 18.2%, US 11.6%, Japan 7.8%, Singapore 5.9%, Germany 4.6%, Thailand 4.2%, South Korea 4% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$49.22 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $46.83 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$1.497 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.383 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$618.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $552.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$426.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $378.7 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar -; 0.9658 (2012 est.); 0.9695 (2011 est.); 1.0902 (2010); 1.2822 (2009); 1.2059 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "241.5 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "228.8 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "56.94 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "79% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "13.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "4.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "482,500 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "250,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "380,900 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "1.426 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "674,700 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "1.023 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "64,730 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "332,900 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "44.99 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "27.56 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "25.53 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "8.102 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "788.6 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "405.3 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "10.57 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "24.49 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "excellent domestic and international service", - "domestic": "domestic satellite system; significant use of radiotelephone in areas of low population density; rapid growth of mobile telephones", - "international": "country code - 61; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 optical telecommunications submarine cable with links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; the Southern Cross fiber optic submarine cable provides links to New Zealand and the United States; satellite earth stations - 10 Intelsat (4 Indian Ocean and 6 Pacific Ocean), 2 Inmarsat, 2 Globalstar, 5 other) (2007)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) runs multiple national and local radio networks and TV stations, as well as Australia Network, a TV service that broadcasts throughout the Asia-Pacific region and is the main public broadcaster; Special Broadcasting Service (SBS), a second large public broadcaster, operates radio and TV networks broadcasting in multiple languages; several large national commercial TV networks, a large number of local commercial TV stations, and hundreds of commercial radio stations are accessible; cable and satellite systems are available (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".au" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "17.081 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "15.81 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "480 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "349", - "over_3_047_m": "11", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "14", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "155", - "914_to_1_523_m": "155", - "under_914_m": "14 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "131", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "16", - "914_to_1_523_m": "101", - "under_914_m": "14 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "condensate/gas 637 km; gas 30,054 km; liquid petroleum gas 240 km; oil 3,609 km; oil/gas/water 110 km; refined products 72 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "38,445 km", - "broad_gauge": "3,355 km 1.600-m gauge", - "standard_gauge": "21,674 km 1.435-m gauge (650 km electrified)", - "narrow_gauge": "9,539 km 1.067-m gauge (2,067 km electrified); 3,877 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "823,217 km", - "paved": "356,343 km", - "unpaved": "466,874 km (2011)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "2,000 km (mainly used for recreation on Murray and Murray-Darling river systems) (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "41", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 8, cargo 7, liquefied gas 4, passenger 6, passenger/cargo 6, petroleum tanker 5, roll on/roll off 5", - "foreign_owned": "17 (Canada 5, Germany 2, Singapore 2, South Africa 1, UK 5, US 2)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "25 (Bahamas 1, Dominica 1, Fiji 2, Liberia 1, Netherlands 1, Panama 4, Singapore 12, Tonga 1, UK 1, US 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Brisbane, Cairns, Darwin, Fremantle, Geelong, Gladstone, Hobart, Melbourne, Newcastle, Port Adelaide, Port Kembla, Sydney", - "dry_bulk_cargo_ports": "Dampier (iron ore), Dalrymple Bay (coal), Hay Point (coal), Port Hedland (iron ore), Port Walcott (iron ore)", - "container_ports_teus": "Brisbane (1,004,983), Melbourne (2,467,967), Sydney (2,028,074)(2011)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Australian Defense Force (ADF): Australian Army (includes Special Operations Command), Royal Australian Navy (includes Naval Aviation Force), Royal Australian Air Force, Joint Operations Command (JOC) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "17 years of age for voluntary military service (with parental consent); no conscription; women allowed to serve in most combat roles, except the Army special forces (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "5,316,464", - "females_age_16_49": "5,116,722 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "4,411,958", - "females_age_16_49": "4,239,985 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "143,565", - "female": "135,800 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "3% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "In 2007, Australia and Timor-Leste agreed to a 50-year development zone and revenue sharing arrangement and deferred a maritime boundary; Australia asserts land and maritime claims to Antarctica; Australia's 2004 submission to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) extends its continental margins over 3.37 million square kilometers, expanding its seabed roughly 30 percent beyond its claimed exclusive economic zone; all borders between Indonesia and Australia have been agreed upon bilaterally, but a 1997 treaty that would settle the last of their maritime and Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) boundary has yet to be ratified by Indonesia's legislature; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef; Australia closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "7,192 (Afghanistan) (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "Tasmania is one of the world's major suppliers of licit opiate products; government maintains strict controls over areas of opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate; major consumer of cocaine and amphetamines" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pacific/fj-fiji.json b/pacific/fj-fiji.json deleted file mode 100644 index 8e733974..00000000 --- a/pacific/fj-fiji.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,577 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Fiji became independent in 1970 after nearly a century as a British colony. Democratic rule was interrupted by two military coups in 1987 caused by concern over a government perceived as dominated by the Indian community (descendants of contract laborers brought to the islands by the British in the 19th century). The coups and a 1990 constitution that cemented native Melanesian control of Fiji led to heavy Indian emigration; the population loss resulted in economic difficulties, but ensured that Melanesians became the majority. A new constitution enacted in 1997 was more equitable. Free and peaceful elections in 1999 resulted in a government led by an Indo-Fijian, but a civilian-led coup in May 2000 ushered in a prolonged period of political turmoil. Parliamentary elections held in August 2001 provided Fiji with a democratically elected government led by Prime Minister Laisenia QARASE. Re-elected in May 2006, QARASE was ousted in a December 2006 military coup led by Commodore Voreqe BAINIMARAMA, who initially appointed himself acting president but in January 2007 became interim prime minister. Since taking power BAINIMARAMA has neutralized his opponents, crippled Fiji's democratic institutions, and initially refused to hold elections. In 2012, he promised to hold elections in 2014." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Oceania, island group in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "18 00 S, 175 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Oceania" - }, - "area": { - "total": "18,274 sq km", - "land": "18,274 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than New Jersey" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "1,129 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines", - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation; rectilinear shelf claim added" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly mountains of volcanic origin" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Tomanivi 1,324 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "timber, fish, gold, copper, offshore oil potential, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "9.17%", - "permanent_crops": "4.65%", - "other": "86.17% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "30 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "28.55 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.08 cu km/yr (30%/11%/59%)", - "per_capita": "100.1 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "cyclonic storms can occur from November to January" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation; soil erosion" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "includes 332 islands; approximately 110 are inhabited" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Fijian(s)", - "adjective": "Fijian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Fijian 57.3% (predominantly Melanesian with a Polynesian admixture), Indian 37.6%, Rotuman 1.2%, other 3.9% (European, other Pacific Islanders, Chinese) (2007 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "English (official), Fijian (official), Hindustani" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Protestant 55.4% (Methodist 34.6%, Assembly of God 5.7%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3.9%, Anglican 0.8%, other 10.4%), Hindu 27.9%, Roman Catholic 9.1%, Muslim 6.3%, Sikh 0.3%, other or unspecified 0.3%, none 0.7% (2007 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "896,758 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "28.4% (male 129,938/female 124,374)", - "15_24_years": "17.4% (male 79,597/female 76,080)", - "25_54_years": "41.1% (male 188,488/female 179,760)", - "55_64_years": "7.6% (male 34,251/female 33,753)", - "65_years_and_over": "5.6% (male 23,212/female 27,305) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "52.2 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "43.9 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "8.3 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "12.1 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "27.6 years", - "male": "27.4 years", - "female": "27.8 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.73% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "20.28 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "5.96 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-6.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "52% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "SUVA (capital) 174,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.85 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.03 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "26 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "10.46 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "11.53 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "9.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "71.87 years", - "male": "69.26 years", - "female": "74.62 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.54 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "4.9% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.45 physicians/1,000 population (2003)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "2.1 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 95% of population; total: 98% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 5% of population; total: 2% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 94% of population; rural: 71% of population; total: 83% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 6% of population; rural: 29% of population; total: 17% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "30.6% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "4.1% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "93.7%", - "male": "95.5%", - "female": "91.9% (2003 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "15.7 years (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Fiji", - "conventional_short_form": "Fiji", - "local_long_form": "Republic of Fiji/Matanitu ko Viti", - "local_short_form": "Fiji/Viti" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Suva (on Viti Levu)", - "geographic_coordinates": "18 08 S, 178 25 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins fourth Sunday in October; ends third Sunday in January" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "4 divisions and 1 dependency*; Central, Eastern, Northern, Rotuma*, Western" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "10 October 1970 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, second Monday of October (1970)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "enacted 25 July 1997; effective 28 July 1998; note - constitution encourages multiculturalism and makes multiparty government mandatory" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "common law system based on the English model" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "21 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Ratu Epeli NAILATIKAU (since 30 July 2009)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Laisenia QARASE (since 10 September 2000); note - although QARASE is still the legal prime minister, he has been confined to his home island; former President ILOILOVATU appointed Commodore Voreqe \"Frank\" BAINIMARAMA interim prime minister under the military regime", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the prime minister from among the members of Parliament and responsible to Parliament; note - coup leader Commodore Voreqe BAINIMARAMA has appointed an interim cabinet", - "elections": "under the constitution, president elected by the Great Council of Chiefs for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); in 2007 the Great Council of Chiefs was suspended from its role in electing the president; prime minister appointed by the president", - "election_results": "Ratu Epeli NAILATIKAU was appointed by Chief Justice Anthony GATES" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (32 seats; 14 members appointed by the president on the advice of the Great Council of Chiefs, 9 appointed by the president on the advice of the Prime Minister, 8 on the advice of the opposition leader, and 1 appointed on the advice of the council of Rotuma) and the House of Representatives (71 seats; 23 members reserved for ethnic Fijians, 19 reserved for ethnic Indians, 3 reserved for other ethnic groups, 1 reserved for the council of Rotuma constituency encompassing the whole of Fiji, and 25 open seats; members serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "House of Representatives - last held on 6-13 May 2006 (long delayed, the next elections reportedly will be held in 2014)", - "election_results": "House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - SDL 44.6%, FLP 39.2%, UPP 0.8%, independents 4.9%, other 10.5%; seats by party - SDL 36, FLP 31, UPP 2, independents 2" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, all justices of the Court of Appeal, and judges appointed specifically as Supreme Court judges); Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, all puisne judges of the High Court, and judges specifically appointed to the Court of Appeal); High Court (chaired by the chief justice and includes a minimum of 10 puisne judges; High Court organized into civil, criminal, family, employment, and tax divisions) note - in 1987, the Supreme Court assumed functions formerly performed by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "chief justice appointed by the president of Fiji on the advice of the prime minister following consultation with the parliamentary leader of the opposition; judges of the Supreme Court, the president of the Court of Appeal, the justices of the Court of Appeal, and puisne judges of the High Court are appointed by the president of Fiji, upon the nomination of the Judicial Service Commission, after consulting with the cabinet minister and the committee of the House of Representatives responsible for the administration of justice; the chief justice, Supreme Court judges, and justices of Appeal generally required to retire at age 70, but may be waived for one or more sessions of the court; puisine judges appointed for not less than 4 years nor more than 7 years with mandatory retirement at age 65", - "subordinate_courts": "Magistrates' Court (organized into civil, criminal, juvenile, and small claims divisions)" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Dodonu Ni Taukei Party or DNT [Fereti S. DEWA]; Fiji Democratic Party or FDP [Filipe BOLE] (a merger of the Christian Democrat Alliance or VLV [Poesci Waqalevu BUNE], Fijian Association Party or FAP, Fijian Political Party or SVT [Sitiveni RABUKA] (primarily Fijian), and New Labor Unity Party or NLUP [Ofa SWANN]); Fiji Labor Party or FLP [Mahendra CHAUDHRY]; General Voters Party or GVP (became part of United General Party); Girmit Heritage Party or GHP; Justice and Freedom Party or AIM; Lio 'On Famor Rotuma Party or LFR; National Federation Party or NFP [Pramond RAE] (primarily Indian); Nationalist Vanua Takolavo Party or NVTLP [Saula TELAWA]; Party of National Unity or PANU [Ponipate LESAVUA]; Party of the Truth or POTT; United Fiji Party/Sogosogo Duavata ni Lewenivanua or SDL [Laisenia QARASE]; United Peoples Party or UPP [Millis Mick BEDDOES]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Group Against Racial Discrimination or GARD [Dr. Anirudk SINGH] (for restoration of a democratic government); Viti Landowners Association" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C (suspended), CP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, PIF, Sparteca (suspended), SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNMIT, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Winston THOMPSON", - "chancery": "2000 M Street, NW, Suite 710, Washington, DC 20036", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 466-8320", - "fax": "[1] (202) 466-8325" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Frankie A. REED", - "embassy": "158 Princes Rd, Tamavua", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 218, Suva", - "telephone": "[679] 331-4466", - "fax": "[679] 330-2267" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Fijian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the blue symbolizes the Pacific ocean and the Union Jack reflects the links with Great Britain; the shield - taken from Fiji's coat of arms - depicts a yellow lion above a white field quartered by the cross of Saint George; the four quarters depict stalks of sugarcane, a palm tree, bananas, and a white dove" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"God Bless Fiji\"", - "lyrics_music": "Michael Francis Alexander PRESCOTT/C. Austin MILES (adapted by Michael Francis Alexander PRESCOTT)", - "note": "adopted 1970; the anthem is known in Fijian as \"Meda Dau Doka\" (Let Us Show Pride); adapted from the hymn, \"Dwelling in Beulah Land,\" the anthem's English lyrics are generally sung, although they differ in meaning from the official Fijian lyrics" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Fiji, endowed with forest, mineral, and fish resources, is one of the most developed of the Pacific island economies though still with a large subsistence sector. Sugar exports, remittances from Fijians working abroad, and a growing tourist industry - with 400,000 to 500,000 tourists annually - are the major sources of foreign exchange. Fiji's sugar has special access to European Union markets but will be harmed by the EU's decision to cut sugar subsidies. Sugar processing makes up one-third of industrial activity but is not efficient. Fiji's tourism industry was damaged by the December 2006 coup and is facing an uncertain recovery time. In 2007 tourist arrivals were down almost 6%, with substantial job losses in the service sector, and GDP dipped. The coup has created a difficult business climate. The EU has suspended all aid until the interim government takes steps toward new elections. Long-term problems include low investment, uncertain land ownership rights, and the government's inability to manage its budget. Overseas remittances from Fijians working in Kuwait and Iraq have decreased significantly. Fiji's current account deficit peaked at 23% of GDP in 2006, and declined to 12.5% of GDP in 2012." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$4.373 billion (2012 est.); $4.283 billion (2011 est.); $4.205 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$3.996 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.1% (2012 est.); 1.9% (2011 est.); 0.1% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$4,900 (2012 est.); $4,800 (2011 est.); $4,700 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "76.6%", - "government_consumption": "13.7%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "19.3%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "40.7%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-50.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "12.3%", - "industry": "19.1%", - "services": "68.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "sugarcane, coconuts, cassava (manioc), rice, sweet potatoes, bananas; cattle, pigs, horses, goats; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "tourism, sugar, clothing, copra, gold, silver, lumber, small cottage industries" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "4%" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "335,000 (2007 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "70%", - "industry_and_services": "30% (2001 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "7.6% (1999)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "31% (2009 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.6%", - "highest_10%": "34.9% (2009 est.)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$1.062 billion", - "expenditures": "$1.229 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "26.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-4.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "48.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 54.1% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "5% (2012 est.); 8.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "1.75% (31 December 2010 est.); 3% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "7% (31 December 2012 est.); 7.47% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$796.7 million (31 December 2012 est.); $781.7 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$2.495 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $2.24 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$1.79 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.758 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$1.372 billion (31 December 2011); $1.404 billion (31 December 2010); $1.607 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$493.4 million (2012 est.); -$428.8 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$991.6 million (2012 est.); $901.5 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "sugar, garments, gold, timber, fish, molasses, coconut oil" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 13.3%, Australia 12%, Japan 6.3%, Samoa 5.8%, Tonga 5.1% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$1.938 billion (2012 est.); $1.762 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products, food, chemicals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Singapore 32.6%, Australia 15.4%, NZ 14.4%, China 10.7% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$1.007 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $833.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$661.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $860.7 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Fijian dollars (FJD) per US dollar -; 1.7899 (2012 est.); 1.7932 (2011 est.); 1.9183 (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "869.1 million kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "753.4 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "219,100 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "54.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "38.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "6.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "17,810 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "1,739 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "16,110 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "2.5 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "129,800 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "727,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "modern local, interisland, and international (wire/radio integrated) public and special-purpose telephone, telegraph, and teleprinter facilities; regional radio communications center", - "domestic": "telephone or radio telephone links to almost all inhabited islands; most towns and large villages have automatic telephone exchanges and direct dialing; combined fixed and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 100 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 679; access to important cable links between US and Canada as well as between NZ and Australia; satellite earth stations - 2 Inmarsat (Pacific Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "Fiji TV, a publicly traded company, operates a free-to-air channel as well as Sky Fiji and Sky Pacific multi-channel pay-TV services; state-owned commercial company, Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Ltd, operates 6 radio stations - 2 public broadcasters and 4 commercial broadcasters with multiple repeaters; 5 radio stations with repeaters operated by Communications Fiji, Ltd; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2009)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".fj" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "21,739 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "114,200 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "28 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "4", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "24", - "914_to_1_523_m": "5", - "under_914_m": "19 (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "597 km", - "narrow_gauge": "597 km 0.600-m gauge", - "note": "belongs to the government-owned Fiji Sugar Corporation; used to haul sugarcane during the harvest season, which runs from May to December (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "3,440 km", - "paved": "1,692 km", - "unpaved": "1,748 km (2000)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "203 km (122 km are navigable by motorized craft and 200-metric-ton barges) (2012)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "11", - "by_type": "passenger 4, passenger/cargo 4, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 2", - "foreign_owned": "2 (Australia 2) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Lautoka, Levuka, Suva" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Republic of Fiji Military Forces (RFMF): Land Forces, Naval Forces (2011)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; mandatory retirement at age 55 (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "233,240", - "females_age_16_49": "222,587 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "183,730", - "females_age_16_49": "188,325 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "8,403", - "female": "8,039 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.6% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pacific/fm-micronesia.json b/pacific/fm-micronesia.json deleted file mode 100644 index d1e25979..00000000 --- a/pacific/fm-micronesia.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,471 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The Federated States of Micronesia, a UN Trust Territory under US administration, adopted a constitution in 1979. Independence came in 1986 under a Compact of Free Association with the US, which was amended and renewed in 2004. Present concerns include large-scale unemployment, overfishing, and overdependence on US aid." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Oceania, island group in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to Indonesia" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "6 55 N, 158 15 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Oceania" - }, - "area": { - "total": "702 sq km", - "land": "702 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km (fresh water only)", - "note": "includes Pohnpei (Ponape), Chuuk (Truk) Islands, Yap Islands, and Kosrae (Kosaie)" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "four times the size of Washington, DC (land area only)" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "6,112 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; heavy year-round rainfall, especially in the eastern islands; located on southern edge of the typhoon belt with occasionally severe damage" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "islands vary geologically from high mountainous islands to low, coral atolls; volcanic outcroppings on Pohnpei, Kosrae, and Chuuk" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Dolohmwar (Totolom) 791 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "timber, marine products, deep-seabed minerals, phosphate" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "2.86%", - "permanent_crops": "24.29%", - "other": "72.86% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "typhoons (June to December)" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "overfishing, climate change, pollution" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "four major island groups totaling 607 islands" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Micronesian(s)", - "adjective": "Micronesian; Chuukese, Kosraen(s), Pohnpeian(s), Yapese" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Chuukese 48.8%, Pohnpeian 24.2%, Kosraean 6.2%, Yapese 5.2%, Yap outer islands 4.5%, Asian 1.8%, Polynesian 1.5%, other 6.4%, unknown 1.4% (2000 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "English (official and common language), Chuukese, Kosrean, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Ulithian, Woleaian, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 52.7%, Protestant 41.7% (Congregational 40.1%, Baptist 0.9%, Seventh-Day Adventist 0.7%), other 3.8%, none or unspecified 0.8% (2000 Census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "106,104 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "32.4% (male 17,478/female 16,915)", - "15_24_years": "20.4% (male 10,933/female 10,715)", - "25_54_years": "37.6% (male 19,370/female 20,551)", - "55_64_years": "6.3% (male 3,374/female 3,360)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.2% (male 1,500/female 1,908) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "64.4 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "57.7 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.7 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "14.9 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "23.4 years", - "male": "22.8 years", - "female": "24 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.38% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "21.44 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "4.27 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-20.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "23% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "PALIKIR (capital) 7,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.94 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.77 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "100 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "22.71 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "25.12 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "20.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "72.07 years", - "male": "70.09 years", - "female": "74.16 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.68 children born/woman (2012 est.)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "14.2% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.56 physicians/1,000 population (2005)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "3.22 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 94% of population; rural: 92% of population; total: 92% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 6% of population; rural: 8% of population; total: 8% of population (2000 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 59% of population; rural: 16% of population; total: 26% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 41% of population; rural: 84% of population; total: 74% of population (2000 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "40.6% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "89%", - "male": "91%", - "female": "88% (1980 est.)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Federated States of Micronesia", - "conventional_short_form": "none", - "local_long_form": "Federated States of Micronesia", - "local_short_form": "none", - "former": "Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Ponape, Truk, and Yap Districts", - "abbreviation": "FSM" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "constitutional government in free association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force on 3 November 1986 and the Amended Compact entered into force in May 2004" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Palikir", - "geographic_coordinates": "6 55 N, 158 09 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "4 states; Chuuk (Truk), Kosrae (Kosaie), Pohnpei (Ponape), Yap" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "3 November 1986 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Constitution Day, 10 May (1979)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "10 May 1979" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of common and customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Emanuel MORI (since 11 May 2007); Vice President Alik L. ALIK (since 11 May 2007); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Emanuel MORI (since 11 May 2007); Vice President Alik L. ALIK (since 11 May 2007)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet includes the vice president and the heads of the eight executive departments", - "elections": "president and vice president elected by Congress from among the four senators at large for a four-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 11 May 2011 (next to be held in May 2015); note - a proposed constitutional amendment to establish popular elections for president and vice president failed", - "election_results": "Emanuel MORI reelected president by Congress unopposed; Alik L. ALIK reelected vice president" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Congress (14 seats; 4 - one elected from each state to serve four-year terms and 10 - elected from single-member districts delineated by population to serve two-year terms; members elected by popular vote)", - "elections": "last held on 5 March 2013 (next to be held in March 2015)", - "election_results": "percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 14" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and not more than 5 associate justices and organized into appellate and criminal divisions)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "justices appointed by the president of the Federated States of Micronesia with the approval of two-thirds of Congress; justices appointed for life", - "subordinate_courts": "the highest state-level courts are: Chuuk Supreme Court; Korsae State Court; Pohnpei State Court; Yap State Court" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "no formal parties" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IMF, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO, WMO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Asterio R. TAKESY", - "chancery": "1725 N Street NW, Washington, DC 20036", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 223-4383", - "fax": "[1] (202) 223-4391", - "consulates_general": "Honolulu, Tamuning (Guam)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Dorothea-Maria (Doria) ROSEN", - "embassy": "101 Upper Pics Road, Kolonia", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 1286, Kolonia, Pohnpei, 96941; U.S. Embassy in Micronesia, 4120 Kolonia Place, Washington, D.C. 20521-4120", - "telephone": "[691] 320-2187", - "fax": "[691] 320-2186" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "light blue with four white five-pointed stars centered; the stars are arranged in a diamond pattern; blue symbolizes the Pacific Ocean, the stars represent the four island groups of Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Patriots of Micronesia\"", - "lyrics_music": "unknown", - "note": "adopted 1991; the anthem is also known as \"Across All Micronesia;\" the music is based on the 1820 German patriotic song \"Ich hab mich ergeben,\" which was the West German national anthem from 1949-1950; variants of this tune are used in Johannes Brahms' \"Festival Overture\" and Gustav Mahler's \"Third Symphony\"" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Economic activity consists of subsistence farming and fishing and government which is funded largely by Compact of Free Association (Compact) assistance provided by the US. The islands have few known mineral deposits worth commercial exploration. The potential for tourism is also limited by isolation, lack of adequate facilities, and limited air and water connections hinder development. Under the terms of the original Compact, the US provided $1.3 billion in grants and aid in 1986-2001. The US and the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) negotiated a second (amended) Compact agreement in 2002-2003 that took effect in 2004. The amended Compact runs for a 20-year period to 2024; during which the US will provide roughly $2.1 billion to the FSM. The amended Compact also includes a Trust Fund for the people of the FSM which is to provide an income stream beyond 2024 when Compact grants are to end. The country's medium-term economic outlook appears fragile because of reduced US assistance and lackluster performance of its small and stagnant private sector." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$766.4 million (2012 est.); $756.3 million (2011 est.); $740.7 million (2010 est.)", - "note": "GDP supplemented by grant aid, averaging perhaps $100 million annually" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$327 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$7,500 (2012 est.); $7,300 (2011 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "14%", - "industry": "12%", - "services": "74% (2011 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "black pepper, tropical fruits and vegetables, coconuts, bananas, cassava (tapioca), sakau (kava), Kosraen citrus, betel nuts, sweet potatoes; pigs, chickens; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "tourism, construction; fish processing, specialized aquaculture; craft items (from shell, wood, and pearls)" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "15,920 (2011)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "0.9%", - "industry": "20.6%", - "services": "78.5%", - "note": "two-thirds of the labor force are government employees (2011 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "22% (2000 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "26.7% (2000)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$107 million", - "expenditures": "$102 million (FY10/11 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "32.7% of GDP (FY10/11 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "1.5% of GDP (FY10/11 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 October - 30 September" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "3.4% (2011 est.); 3.5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "14.35% (31 December 2012 est.); 14.35% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$27.22 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$118.4 million (31 December 2011 est.); $113.9 million (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$56.77 million (31 December 2011 est.); $56.77 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$34.3 million (FY05 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$24.9 million (2009 est.); $14 million (2004 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "fish, garments, bananas, black pepper, sakau (kava), betel nuts" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$132.7 million (2004)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "food, manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, beverages" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$75.06 million (31 December 2011 est.); $75.06 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$60.8 million (FY05 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "the US dollar is used" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "192 million kWh (2002)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "178.6 million kWh (2002)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2002)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2002)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "8,500 (2010)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "27,500 (2010)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "adequate system", - "domestic": "islands interconnected by shortwave radiotelephone (used mostly for government purposes), satellite (Intelsat) ground stations, and some coaxial and fiber-optic cable; mobile-cellular service available on Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap", - "international": "country code - 691; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2002)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "no TV broadcast stations; each state has a multi-channel cable service with TV transmissions carrying roughly 95% imported programming and 5% local programming; about a half dozen radio stations (2009)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".fm" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "4,668 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "17,000 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "6 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "6", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "4", - "914_to_1_523_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "240 km", - "paved": "42 km", - "unpaved": "198 km (2000)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "3", - "by_type": "cargo 1, passenger/cargo 2 (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Colonia (Tomil Harbor), Lele Harbor, Pohnepi Harbor" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "no regular military forces (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "26,712 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "22,008", - "females_age_16_49": "23,501 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "1,276", - "female": "1,253 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_note": { - "text": "defense is the responsibility of the US" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Micronesia is a source, and to a limited extent, destination country for women subjected to sex trafficking; Micronesian women are fraudulently recruited for jobs in the US and its territories only to be forced into prostitution or labor upon arrival; Micronesian and foreign women and children are also reportedly prostituted on fishing vessels in Micronesia or its territorial waters, as well as restaurants and clubs frequented by fishermen; complaints of nonpayment and inhuman treatment on fishing boats has led to investigations of labor trafficking", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Micronesia does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; despite passage of implementing regulations for Micronesia's 2012 trafficking law, the government has not reported any investigations, prosecutions, or convictions for sex or labor trafficking; the government also makes no efforts to identify trafficking victims and refer them to protective services; no NGOs provide services to victims; limited efforts are made to increase the public's awareness of human trafficking (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "major consumer of cannabis" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pacific/ki-kiribati.json b/pacific/ki-kiribati.json deleted file mode 100644 index 6a75fd52..00000000 --- a/pacific/ki-kiribati.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,524 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The Gilbert Islands became a British protectorate in 1892 and a colony in 1915; they were captured by the Japanese in the Pacific War in 1941. The islands of Makin and Tarawa were the sites of major US amphibious victories over entrenched Japanese garrisons in 1943. The Gilbert Islands were granted self-rule by the UK in 1971 and complete independence in 1979 under the new name of Kiribati. The US relinquished all claims to the sparsely inhabited Phoenix and Line Island groups in a 1979 treaty of friendship with Kiribati." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Oceania, group of 33 coral atolls in the Pacific Ocean, straddling the Equator; the capital Tarawa is about half way between Hawaii and Australia" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "1 25 N, 173 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Oceania" - }, - "area": { - "total": "811 sq km", - "land": "811 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km", - "note": "includes three island groups - Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "four times the size of Washington, DC" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "1,143 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly low-lying coral atolls surrounded by extensive reefs" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "unnamed elevation on Banaba 81 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "phosphate (production discontinued in 1979)" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "2.47%", - "permanent_crops": "39.51%", - "other": "58.02% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "typhoons can occur any time, but usually November to March; occasional tornadoes; low level of some of the islands make them sensitive to changes in sea level" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "heavy pollution in lagoon of south Tarawa atoll due to heavy migration mixed with traditional practices such as lagoon latrines and open-pit dumping; ground water at risk" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "21 of the 33 islands are inhabited; Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Makatea in French Polynesia, and Nauru; Kiribati is the only country in the world to fall into all four hemispheres (northern, southern, eastern, and western)" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "I-Kiribati (singular and plural)", - "adjective": "I-Kiribati" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Micronesian 98.8%, other 1.2% (2000 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "I-Kiribati, English (official)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 55%, Protestant 36%, Mormon 3.1%, Baha'i 2.2%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.9%, other 1.8% (2005 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "103,248 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "32.3% (male 16,989/female 16,355)", - "15_24_years": "21.2% (male 10,985/female 10,950)", - "25_54_years": "37.2% (male 18,486/female 19,955)", - "55_64_years": "5.3% (male 2,515/female 3,004)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.9% (male 1,572/female 2,437) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "56.2 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "49.8 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.5 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "15.5 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "23.2 years", - "male": "22.4 years", - "female": "24.1 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.21% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "22.18 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "7.24 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-2.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "44% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.9% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "TARAWA (capital) 43,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.93 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.85 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.64 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.96 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "9 deaths/100,000 live births (2008)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "36.5 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "37.74 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "35.21 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "65.11 years", - "male": "62.7 years", - "female": "67.64 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.63 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "22.3% (2009)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "11.3% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.3 physicians/1,000 population (2006)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.4 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 77% of population; rural: 50% of population; total: 62% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 23% of population; rural: 50% of population; total: 38% of population (2000 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 47% of population; rural: 22% of population; total: 33% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 53% of population; rural: 78% of population; total: 67% of population (2000 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "46% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "11.6% of GDP (2002)" - }, - "literacy": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "12 years", - "male": "12 years", - "female": "12 years (2008)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Kiribati", - "conventional_short_form": "Kiribati", - "local_long_form": "Republic of Kiribati", - "local_short_form": "Kiribati", - "note": "pronounced keer-ree-bahss", - "former": "Gilbert Islands" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Tarawa", - "geographic_coordinates": "0 53 S, 169 32 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "note": "on 1 January 1995, Kiribati proclaimed that all of its territory was in the same time zone as its Gilbert Islands group (UTC +12) even though the Phoenix Islands and the Line Islands under its jurisdiction were on the other side of the International Date Line" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "3 units; Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands; note - in addition, there are 6 districts (Banaba, Central Gilberts, Line Islands, Northern Gilberts, Southern Gilberts, Tarawa) and 21 island councils - one for each of the inhabited islands (Abaiang, Abemama, Aranuka, Arorae, Banaba, Beru, Butaritari, Kanton, Kiritimati, Kuria, Maiana, Makin, Marakei, Nikunau, Nonouti, Onotoa, Tabiteuea, Tabuaeran, Tamana, Tarawa, Teraina)" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "12 July 1979 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 12 July (1979)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "12 July 1979" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "English common law supplemented by customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Anote TONG (since 10 July 2003); Vice President Teima ONORIO; note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Anote TONG (since 10 July 2003); Vice President Teima ONORIO", - "cabinet": "12-member cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the House of Parliament", - "elections": "the House of Parliament nominates the presidential candidates from among its members following parliamentary elections and then those candidates compete in a general election; president elected by popular vote for a four-year term (eligible for two more terms); election last held on 13 January 2012 (next to be held in 2015); vice president appointed by the president", - "election_results": "Anote TONG 42.2%, Tetaua TAITAI 35%, Rimeta BENIAMINA 22.8%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral House of Parliament or Maneaba Ni Maungatabu (46 seats; 44 members elected by popular vote, 1 ex officio member - the attorney general, 1 nominated by the Rabi Council of Leaders (representing Banaba Island); members serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "legislative elections were held in two rounds - the first round on 21 October 2011 and the second round on 28 October 2011 (next to be held in 2015)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA, other 2 (includes attorney general)" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "High Court (consists of a chief justice and other judges as prescribed by the president) note - the High Court has jurisdiction on constitutional issues", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "chief justice appointed by the president on the advice of the cabinet in consultation with the Public Service Commission (PSC); other judges appointed by the president on the advice of the chief justice along with the PSC", - "subordinate_courts": "Court of Appeal; magistrates' courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Boutokaan Te Koaua Party or BTK [Anote TONG]; Kamaeuraoan Te I-Kiribati Party or KTK [Tetaua TAITAI]; Maurin Kiribati Pati or MKP [Rimeta BENIAMINA]; ", - "note": "there is no tradition of formally organized political parties in Kiribati; they more closely resemble factions or interest groups because they have no party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "text": "Kiribati does not have an embassy in the US; there is an honorary consulate in Honolulu" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Kiribati; the US ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Kiribati" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "the upper half is red with a yellow frigatebird flying over a yellow rising sun, and the lower half is blue with three horizontal wavy white stripes to represent the Pacific ocean; the white stripes represent the three island groups - the Gilbert, Line, and Phoenix Islands; the 17 rays of the sun represent the 16 Gilbert Islands and Banaba (formerly Ocean Island); the frigatebird symbolizes authority and freedom" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "frigatebird" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Teirake kaini Kiribati\" (Stand Up, Kiribati)", - "lyrics_music": "Urium Tamuera IOTEBA", - "note": "adopted 1979" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "A remote country of 33 scattered coral atolls, Kiribati has few natural resources and is one of the least developed Pacific Islands. Commercially viable phosphate deposits were exhausted at the time of independence from the UK in 1979. Copra and fish now represent the bulk of production and exports. The economy has fluctuated widely in recent years. Economic development is constrained by a shortage of skilled workers, weak infrastructure, and remoteness from international markets. Tourism provides more than one-fifth of GDP. Private sector initiatives and a financial sector are in the early stages of development. Foreign financial aid from the EU, UK, US, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, UN agencies, and Taiwan accounts for 20-25% of GDP. Remittances from seamen on merchant ships abroad account for more than $5 million each year. Kiribati receives around $15 million annually for the government budget from an Australian trust fund." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$636.3 million (2012 est.); $620.8 million (2011 est.); $608.6 million (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$173 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.5% (2012 est.); 2% (2011 est.); 1.4% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$6,100 (2012 est.); $6,000 (2011 est.); $6,000 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "24.3%", - "industry": "7.9%", - "services": "67.8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "copra, taro, breadfruit, sweet potatoes, vegetables; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "fishing, handicrafts" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "7,870", - "note": "economically active, not including subsistence farmers (2001)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "2.7%", - "industry": "32%", - "services": "65.3% (2000)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "2% (1992 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$55.52 million", - "expenditures": "$107.1 million (2010 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "32.1% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-29.8% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "0.2% (2007 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$35.01 million (2010 est.); -$21 million (2007 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$7.066 million (2010 est.); $17 million (2004 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "copra 62%, coconuts, seaweed, fish" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$80.09 million (2010 est.); $62 million (2004 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, miscellaneous manufactured goods, fuel" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "; $8.37 million (2010 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$10 million (1999 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar -; 0.9658 (2011); 0.9695 (2010); 1.0902 (2010); 1.2822 (2009); 1.2059 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "21 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "19.53 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "6,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "300 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "260.8 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "43,690 Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "8,500 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "13,800 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "generally good quality national and international service", - "domestic": "wire line service available on Tarawa and Kiritimati (Christmas Island); connections to outer islands by HF/VHF radiotelephone; wireless service available in Tarawa since 1999", - "international": "country code - 686; Kiribati is being linked to the Pacific Ocean Cooperative Telecommunications Network, which should improve telephone service; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "1 TV broadcast station that provides about 1 hour of local programming Monday-Friday; multi-channel TV packages provide access to Australian and US stations; 1 government-operated radio station broadcasts on AM, FM, and shortwave (2009)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ki" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "327 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "7,800 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "19 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "4", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "4 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "15", - "914_to_1_523_m": "10", - "under_914_m": "5 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "670 km (2000)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "5 km (small network of canals in Line Islands) (2012)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "77", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 7, cargo 35, chemical tanker 6, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 12, refrigerated cargo 15", - "foreign_owned": "43 (China 26, Hong Kong 2, Russia 1, Singapore 9, South Korea 1, Taiwan 2, Vietnam 2) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Betio (Tarawa Atoll), Canton Island, English Harbor" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "no regular military forces (establishment prevented by the constitution); Police Force (2011)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "25,190 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "18,364", - "females_age_16_49": "20,302 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "1,132", - "female": "1,120 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "military_note": { - "text": "Kiribati does not have military forces; defense assistance is provided by Australia and NZ" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pacific/mh-marshall-islands.json b/pacific/mh-marshall-islands.json deleted file mode 100644 index e6e771a2..00000000 --- a/pacific/mh-marshall-islands.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,443 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "After almost four decades under US administration as the easternmost part of the UN Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, the Marshall Islands attained independence in 1986 under a Compact of Free Association. Compensation claims continue as a result of US nuclear testing on some of the atolls between 1947 and 1962. The Marshall Islands hosts the US Army Kwajalein Atoll (USAKA) Reagan Missile Test Site, a key installation in the US missile defense network." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Oceania, two archipelagic island chains of 29 atolls, each made up of many small islets, and five single islands in the North Pacific Ocean, about half way between Hawaii and Australia" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "9 00 N, 168 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Oceania" - }, - "area": { - "total": "181 sq km", - "land": "181 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km", - "note": "the archipelago includes 11,673 sq km of lagoon waters and encompasses the atolls of Bikini, Enewetak, Kwajalein, Majuro, Rongelap, and Utirik" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "about the size of Washington, DC" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "370.4 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; hot and humid; wet season May to November; islands border typhoon belt" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "low coral limestone and sand islands" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "unnamed location on Likiep 10 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "coconut products, marine products, deep seabed minerals" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "11.11%", - "permanent_crops": "44.44%", - "other": "44.44% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "0 sq km (2011)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "infrequent typhoons" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "inadequate supplies of potable water; pollution of Majuro lagoon from household waste and discharges from fishing vessels" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "the islands of Bikini and Enewetak are former US nuclear test sites; Kwajalein atoll, famous as a World War II battleground, surrounds the world's largest lagoon and is used as a US missile test range; the island city of Ebeye is the second largest settlement in the Marshall Islands, after the capital of Majuro, and one of the most densely populated locations in the Pacific" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Marshallese (singular and plural)", - "adjective": "Marshallese" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Marshallese 92.1%, mixed Marshallese 5.9%, other 2% (2006)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Marshallese (official) 98.2%, other languages 1.8% (1999 census)", - "note": "English (official), widely spoken as a second language" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Protestant 54.8%, Assembly of God 25.8%, Roman Catholic 8.4%, Bukot nan Jesus 2.8%, Mormon 2.1%, other Christian 3.6%, other 1%, none 1.5% (1999 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "69,747 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "37.2% (male 13,227/female 12,730)", - "15_24_years": "17.5% (male 6,222/female 5,997)", - "25_54_years": "36.5% (male 12,931/female 12,499)", - "55_64_years": "5.5% (male 2,014/female 1,852)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.3% (male 1,111/female 1,164) (2013 est.)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "22.4 years", - "male": "22.4 years", - "female": "22.4 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.79% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "27.21 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "4.27 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "72% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "MAJURO (capital) 30,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.09 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.95 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.04 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "22.15 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "24.93 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "19.22 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "72.31 years", - "male": "70.18 years", - "female": "74.55 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "3.29 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "44.6% (2007)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "18.1% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.56 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "2.7 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 92% of population; rural: 99% of population; total: 94% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 8% of population; rural: 1% of population; total: 6% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 83% of population; rural: 53% of population; total: 75% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 17% of population; rural: 47% of population; total: 25% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "45.4% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "12.2% of GDP (2004)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "93.7%", - "male": "93.6%", - "female": "93.7% (1999)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "12 years", - "male": "11 years", - "female": "12 years (2003)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of the Marshall Islands", - "conventional_short_form": "Marshall Islands", - "local_long_form": "Republic of the Marshall Islands", - "local_short_form": "Marshall Islands", - "abbreviation": "RMI", - "former": "Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Marshall Islands District" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "constitutional government in free association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force on 21 October 1986 and the Amended Compact entered into force in May 2004" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Majuro", - "geographic_coordinates": "7 06 N, 171 23 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "24 municipalities; Ailinglaplap, Ailuk, Arno, Aur, Bikini & Kili, Ebon, Enewetak & Ujelang, Jabat, Jaluit, Kwajalein, Lae, Lib, Likiep, Majuro, Maloelap, Mejit, Mili, Namdrik, Namu, Rongelap, Ujae, Utrik, Wotho, Wotje" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "21 October 1986 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Constitution Day, 1 May (1979)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "1 May 1979" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of US and English common law, customary law, and local statutes" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Christopher J. LOEAK (since 17 January 2012); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Christopher J. LOEAK (since 17 January 2012)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet selected by the president from among the members of the legislature", - "elections": "president elected by Nitijela (legislature) from among its members for a four-year term; election last held on 3 January 2012 (next to be held in 2016)", - "election_results": "Nitijela elected Christopher J. LOEAK president on 3 January 2012" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral legislature or Nitijela (33 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 21 November 2011 (next to be held by November 2015)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independents 33", - "note": "the Council of Chiefs or Ironij is a 12-member body comprised of tribal chiefs that advises on matters affecting customary law and practice" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and other judges as prescribed by law)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges appointed by the Cabinet on the recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission and upon the approval of the Nitijela; judges appointed until retirement, normally at age 72", - "subordinate_courts": "High Court; District Courts; Traditional Rights Court; Community Courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "traditionally there have been no formally organized political parties; what has existed more closely resembles factions or interest groups because they do not have party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures; the following two \"groupings\" have competed in legislative balloting in recent years - Aelon Kein Ad Party [Michael KABUA] and United Democratic Party or UDP [Litokwa TOMEING]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Charles R. PAUL", - "chancery": "2433 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 234-5414", - "fax": "[1] (202) 232-3236", - "consulates_general": "Honolulu, Springdale (AR)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Thomas H. ARMBRUSTER", - "embassy": "Oceanside, Mejen Weto, Long Island, Majuro", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 1379, Majuro, Republic of the Marshall Islands 96960-1379", - "telephone": "[692] 247-4011", - "fax": "[692] 247-4012" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "blue with two stripes radiating from the lower hoist-side corner - orange (top) and white; a white star with four large rays and 20 small rays appears on the hoist side above the two stripes; blue represents the Pacific Ocean, the orange stripe signifies the Ralik Chain or sunset and courage, while the white stripe signifies the Ratak Chain or sunrise and peace; the star symbolizes the cross of Christianity, each of the 24 rays designates one of the electoral districts in the country and the four larger rays highlight the principal cultural centers of Majuro, Jaluit, Wotje, and Ebeye; the rising diagonal band can also be interpreted as representing the equator, with the star showing the archipelago's position just to the north" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Forever Marshall Islands\"", - "lyrics_music": "Amata KABUA", - "note": "adopted 1981" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "US assistance and lease payments for the use of Kwajalein Atoll as a US military base are the mainstay of this small island country. The Marshall Islands received roughly $1 billion in aid from the US during 1986-2001 under the original Compact of Free Association (Compact). In 2002 and 2003, the US and the Marshall Islands renegotiated the Compact's financial package for a 20-year period, from 2004 to 2024. Under the amended Compact, the Marshall Islands will receive roughly $1.5 billion in direct US assistance. Agricultural production, primarily subsistence, is concentrated on small farms; the most important commercial crops are coconuts and breadfruit. Industry is limited to handicrafts, tuna processing, and copra. Tourism holds some potential. The islands and atolls have few natural resources, and imports exceed exports. Under the amended Compact, the US is also funding, jointly with the Marshall Islands, a Trust Fund for the people of the Marshall Islands that will provide an income stream beyond 2024 when direct Compact aid is to end." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$481.8 million (2012 est.); $472.8 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$182 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.9% (2012 est.); 0.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$8,800 (2012 est.); $8,900 (2011 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "14.3%", - "industry": "13.9%", - "services": "71.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "coconuts, tomatoes, melons, taro, breadfruit, fruits; pigs, chickens" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "copra, tuna processing, tourism, craft items (from seashells, wood, and pearls)" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "10,480 (2011 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "11%", - "industry": "16.3%", - "services": "72.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "36% (2006 est.); 30.9% (2000 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$105.4 million", - "expenditures": "$104.7 million (FY09 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "57.9% of GDP (FY09 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "0.4% of GDP (FY09 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 October - 30 September" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "12.9% (2008 est.); 3% (2005 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$50.14 million (2011 est.); $9.1 million (2000 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "copra cake, coconut oil, handicrafts, fish" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$118.7 million (2011 est.); $54.7 million (2000 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fuels, beverages, tobacco" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$87 million (2008 est.); $86.5 million (FY99/00 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "the US dollar is used" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "4,400 (2010)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "3,800 (2010)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "digital switching equipment; modern services include telex, cellular, Internet, international calling, caller ID, and leased data circuits", - "domestic": "Majuro Atoll and Ebeye and Kwajalein islands have regular, seven-digit, direct-dial telephones; other islands interconnected by high frequency radiotelephone (used mostly for government purposes) and mini-satellite telephones", - "international": "country code - 692; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean); US Government satellite communications system on Kwajalein (2005)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "no TV broadcast station; a cable network is available on Majuro with programming via videotape replay and satellite relays; 4 radio broadcast stations; American Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (AFRTS) provides satellite radio and television service to Kwajalein Atoll (2009)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".mh" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "3 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "2,200 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "15 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "4", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "11", - "914_to_1_523_m": "10", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "2,028 km (includes 75 km of expressways) (2007)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "1,593", - "by_type": "barge carrier 1, bulk carrier 524, cargo 65, carrier 1, chemical tanker 351, container 226, liquefied gas 88, passenger 7, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 297, refrigerated cargo 13, roll on/roll off 9, vehicle carrier 10", - "foreign_owned": "1,468 (Belgium 1, Bermuda 35, Brazil 1, Canada 8, China 14, Croatia 12, Cyprus 40, Denmark 7, Egypt 1, France 7, Germany 248, Greece 408, Hong Kong 3, India 10, Indonesia 1, Iraq 2, Ireland 6, Italy 1, Japan 59, Jersey 11, Kuwait 2, Latvia 19, Malaysia 11, Mexico 2, Monaco 30, Netherlands 21, Norway 75, Pakistan 1, Qatar 29, Romania 2, Russia 5, Singapore 30, Slovenia 6, South Korea 41, Sweden 1, Switzerland 12, Taiwan 8, Turkey 70, UAE 12, UK 12, Ukraine 1, US 200) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Enitwetak Island, Kwajalein, Majuro" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "no regular military forces; Marshall Islands Police (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "16,446 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "13,568", - "females_age_16_49": "13,606 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "653", - "female": "631 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "military_note": { - "text": "defense is the responsibility of the US" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "claims US territory of Wake Island" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "The Marshall Islands are a destination country for women from East Asia subjected to sex trafficking; foreign women are reportedly forced into prostitution in bars frequented by crew members of fishing vessels; some Chinese women are recruited to the Marshall Islands with promises of legitimate work and are subsequently forced into prostitution", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - The Marshall Islands do not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government has not identified any victims, investigated any trafficking cases, or prosecuted any offenders under the country's 2011 anti-trafficking law; the government also has no mechanism in place to ensure that trafficking victims receive access to legal, medical, or psychological services; no public awareness campaigns on the dangers of human trafficking have been undertaken (2013)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pacific/nr-nauru.json b/pacific/nr-nauru.json deleted file mode 100644 index 37431d37..00000000 --- a/pacific/nr-nauru.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,471 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The exact origins of the Nauruans are unclear since their language does not resemble any other in the Pacific region. Germany annexed the island in 1888. A German-British consortium began mining the island's phosphate deposits early in the 20th century. Australian forces occupied Nauru in World War I; it subsequently became a League of Nations mandate. After the Second World War - and a brutal occupation by Japan - Nauru became a UN trust territory. It achieved independence in 1968 and joined the UN in 1999 as the world's smallest independent republic." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, south of the Marshall Islands" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "0 32 S, 166 55 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Oceania" - }, - "area": { - "total": "21 sq km", - "land": "21 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "30 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical with a monsoonal pattern; rainy season (November to February)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs with phosphate plateau in center" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "unnamed elevation along plateau rim 61 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "phosphates, fish" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "0%", - "permanent_crops": "20%", - "other": "80% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "periodic droughts" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "limited natural freshwater resources, roof storage tanks collect rainwater but mostly dependent on a single, aging desalination plant; intensive phosphate mining during the past 90 years - mainly by a UK, Australia, and NZ consortium - has left the central 90% of Nauru a wasteland and threatens limited remaining land resources" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "Nauru is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Makatea in French Polynesia; only 53 km south of Equator" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Nauruan(s)", - "adjective": "Nauruan" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Nauruan 58%, other Pacific Islander 26%, Chinese 8%, European 8%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Nauruan (official, a distinct Pacific Island language), English (widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Protestant 45.8% (Nauru Congregational 35.4%, Nauru Independent Church 10.4%), Roman Catholic 33.2%, other 14.1%, none 4.5%, unspecified 2.4% (2002 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "9,434 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "32.5% (male 1,363/female 1,701)", - "15_24_years": "17.6% (male 857/female 801)", - "25_54_years": "42.3% (male 1,975/female 2,014)", - "55_64_years": "5.9% (male 225/female 327)", - "65_years_and_over": "1.8% (male 68/female 103) (2013 est.)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "25 years", - "male": "25.2 years", - "female": "24.7 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.58% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "26.39 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "5.94 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-14.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "100% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "0.83 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "0.81 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.68 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.78 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.91 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "8.36 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "10.74 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "6.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "66.05 years", - "male": "61.96 years", - "female": "69.47 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.98 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "35.6% (2007)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "11.2% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.71 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 88% of population; total: 88% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 12% of population; total: 12% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 65% of population; total: 65% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 35% of population; total: 35% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "71.1% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "4.8% (2007)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "literacy": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "9 years", - "male": "9 years", - "female": "10 years (2008)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Nauru", - "conventional_short_form": "Nauru", - "local_long_form": "Republic of Nauru", - "local_short_form": "Nauru", - "former": "Pleasant Island" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "text": "no official capital; government offices in Yaren District", - "time_difference": "UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "14 districts; Aiwo, Anabar, Anetan, Anibare, Baiti, Boe, Buada, Denigomodu, Ewa, Ijuw, Meneng, Nibok, Uaboe, Yaren" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered UN trusteeship)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 31 January (1968)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "29 January 1968; amended 17 May 1968" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of common law based on the English model and customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "20 years of age; universal and compulsory" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Baron WAQA (since 11 June 2013); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Baron WAQA (since 11 June 2013)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of parliament", - "elections": "president elected by parliament for a three-year term; election last held on 11 June 2013 (next to be held in 2016)", - "election_results": "Baron WAQA elected in a parliamentary vote of 13 to 5" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral parliament (19 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 8 June 2013 (next to be held in 2016)", - "election_results": "percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 19" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of a chief justice and 1 judge)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges appointed by the president to serve until age 65", - "subordinate_courts": "District Court, Family Court" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Democratic Party [Kennan ADEANG]; Nauru First (Naoero Amo) Party; Nauru Party (informal); ", - "note": "loose multiparty system" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Woman Information and News Agency (women's issues)" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, FAO, G-77, ICAO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Marlene I. MOSES", - "chancery": "800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400 D, New York, NY 10017", - "telephone": "[1] (212) 937-0074", - "fax": "[1] (212) 937-0079", - "consulates": "Agana (Guam)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Nauru; the US Ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Nauru" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "blue with a narrow, horizontal, yellow stripe across the center and a large white 12-pointed star below the stripe on the hoist side; blue stands for the Pacific Ocean, the star indicates the country's location in relation to the Equator (the yellow stripe) and the 12 points symbolize the 12 original tribes of Nauru" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Nauru Bwiema\" (Song of Nauru)", - "lyrics_music": "Margaret HENDRIE/Laurence Henry HICKS", - "note": "adopted 1968" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Revenues of this tiny island traditionally have come from exports of phosphates. Few other resources exist, with most necessities being imported, mainly from Australia, its former occupier and later major source of support. In 2005 an Australian company entered into an agreement to exploit remaining supplies. Primary reserves of phosphates were exhausted and mining ceased in 2006, but mining of a deeper layer of \"secondary phosphate\" in the interior of the island began the following year. The secondary phosphate deposits may last another 30 years. The rehabilitation of mined land and the replacement of income from phosphates are serious long-term problems. In anticipation of the exhaustion of Nauru's phosphate deposits, substantial amounts of phosphate income were invested in trust funds to help cushion the transition and provide for Nauru's economic future. As a result of heavy spending from the trust funds, the government faced virtual bankruptcy. To cut costs the government has frozen wages and reduced overstaffed public service departments. Nauru lost further revenue in 2008 with the closure of Australia''s refugee processing center, making it almost totally dependent on food imports and foreign aid. Housing, hospitals, and other capital plant are deteriorating. The cost to Australia of keeping the government and economy afloat continues to climb. Few comprehensive statistics on the Nauru economy exist with estimates of Nauru''s GDP varying widely." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$60 million (2005 est.)" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$5,000 (2005 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "6.1%", - "industry": "33%", - "services": "60.8% (2009 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "coconuts" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "phosphate mining, offshore banking, coconut products" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "note": "employed in mining phosphates, public administration, education, and transportation" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "90% (2004 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$13.5 million", - "expenditures": "$13.5 million (2005)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 July - 30 June" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "NA% (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$64,000 (2005 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "phosphates" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$20 million (2004 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "food, fuel, manufactures, building materials, machinery" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$33.3 million (2004 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar -; 0.9658 (2012); 0.9695 (2011 est.); 1.0902 (2010); 1.2822 (2009); 1.2059 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "33 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "30.69 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "11,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "1,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "1,044 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "219,700 Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "1,900 (2009)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "6,700 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "adequate local and international radiotelephone communication provided via Australian facilities", - "international": "country code - 674; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "1 government-owned TV station broadcasting programs from New Zealand sent via satellite or on videotape; 1 government-owned radio station, broadcasting on AM and FM, utilizes Australian and British programs (2009)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".nr" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "8,162 (2012)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "24 km", - "paved": "24 km (2002)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Nauru" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "no regular military forces (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,542 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,823", - "females_age_16_49": "2,034 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "74", - "female": "78 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "military_note": { - "text": "Nauru maintains no defense forces; under an informal agreement, defense is the responsibility of Australia" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pacific/nz-new-zealand.json b/pacific/nz-new-zealand.json deleted file mode 100644 index f0ea9bc7..00000000 --- a/pacific/nz-new-zealand.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,615 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The Polynesian Maori reached New Zealand in about A.D. 800. In 1840, their chieftains entered into a compact with Britain, the Treaty of Waitangi, in which they ceded sovereignty to Queen Victoria while retaining territorial rights. That same year, the British began the first organized colonial settlement. A series of land wars between 1843 and 1872 ended with the defeat of the native peoples. The British colony of New Zealand became an independent dominion in 1907 and supported the UK militarily in both world wars. New Zealand's full participation in a number of defense alliances lapsed by the 1980s. In recent years, the government has sought to address longstanding Maori grievances." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "41 00 S, 174 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Oceania" - }, - "area": { - "total": "267,710 sq km", - "land": "267,710 sq km", - "water": "NA", - "note": "includes Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Campbell Island, Chatham Islands, and Kermadec Islands" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "about the size of Colorado" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "15,134 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "temperate with sharp regional contrasts" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "predominately mountainous with some large coastal plains" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Aoraki-Mount Cook 3,754 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "1.76%", - "permanent_crops": "0.27%", - "other": "97.98% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "6,193 sq km (2007)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "327 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "4.75 cu km/yr (23%/5%/72%)", - "per_capita": "1,200 cu m/yr (2010)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "earthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activity", - "volcanism": "significant volcanism on North Island; Ruapehu (elev. 2,797 m), which last erupted in 2007, has a history of large eruptions in the past century; Taranaki has the potential to produce dangerous avalanches and lahars; other historically active volcanoes include Okataina, Raoul Island, Tongariro, and White Island" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation; soil erosion; native flora and fauna hard-hit by invasive species" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Antarctic Seals, Marine Life Conservation" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "almost 90% of the population lives in cities; Wellington is the southernmost national capital in the world" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "New Zealander(s)", - "adjective": "New Zealand" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "European 56.8%, Asian 8%, Maori 7.4%, Pacific islander 4.6%, mixed 9.7%, other 13.5% (2006 Census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "English (official) 91.2%, Maori (official) 3.9%, Samoan 2.1%, French 1.3%, Hindi 1.1%, Yue 1.1%, Northern Chinese 1%, other 12.9%, New Zealand Sign Language (official)", - "note": "shares sum to 114.6% due to multiple responses on census (2006 Census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Protestant 38.6% (Anglican 13.8%, Presbyterian, Congregational, and Reformed 10%, Christian (no denomination specified) 4.6%, Methodist 3%, Pentecostal 2%, Baptist 1.4%, other Christian 3.8%), Roman Catholic 12.6%, Maori Christian 1.6%, Hindu 1.6%, Buddhist 1.3%, other religions 2.2%, none 32.2%, other or unidentified 9.9% (2006 Census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "4,365,113 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "20.1% (male 449,850/female 427,934)", - "15_24_years": "14.1% (male 314,262/female 299,693)", - "25_54_years": "40.6% (male 887,060/female 885,421)", - "55_64_years": "11.3% (male 240,854/female 250,635)", - "65_years_and_over": "14% (male 280,569/female 328,835) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "51.9 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "30.7 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "21.2 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "4.7 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "37.4 years", - "male": "36.6 years", - "female": "38.2 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.85% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "13.48 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "7.25 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "2.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "86% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.9% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "Auckland 1.36 million; WELLINGTON (capital) 391,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.96 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.85 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "27.7 (2008 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "15 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "4.65 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "5.22 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "4.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "80.82 years", - "male": "78.79 years", - "female": "82.94 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.06 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "75%", - "note": "percent of women aged 20-49 (1995)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "10.1% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "2.38 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "6.18 beds/1,000 population (2002)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "2,500 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "28.3% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "7.2% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "99%", - "male": "99%", - "female": "99% (2003 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "20 years", - "male": "19 years", - "female": "20 years (2010)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "17.3%", - "male": "18.2%", - "female": "16.1% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "none", - "conventional_short_form": "New Zealand", - "abbreviation": "NZ" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Wellington", - "geographic_coordinates": "41 18 S, 174 47 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in September; ends first Sunday in April", - "note": "New Zealand is divided into two time zones - New Zealand standard time (12 hours in advance of UTC), and Chatham Islands time (45 minutes in advance of New Zealand standard time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "16 regions and 1 territory*; Auckland, Bay of Plenty, Canterbury, Chatham Islands*, Gisborne, Hawke's Bay, Manawatu-Wanganui, Marlborough, Nelson, Northland, Otago, Southland, Taranaki, Tasman, Waikato, Wellington, West Coast" - }, - "dependent_areas": { - "text": "Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "26 September 1907 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840); ANZAC Day (commemorated as the anniversary of the landing of troops of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps during World War I at Gallipoli, Turkey), 25 April (1915)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "consists of a series of legal documents, including certain acts of the UK and New Zealand parliaments, as well as The Constitution Act 1986, which is the principal formal charter; adopted 1 January 1987, effective 1 January 1987" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "common law system, based on English model, with special legislation and land courts for the Maori" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Lt Gen Sir Jerry MATEPARAE (since 31 August 2011)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister John KEY (since 19 November 2008); Deputy Prime Minister Simon William ENGLISH (since 19 November 2008)", - "cabinet": "Executive Council appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister", - "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral House of Representatives - commonly called Parliament (usually 120 seats; 70 members elected by popular vote in single-member constituencies including 7 Maori constituencies, 50 proportional seats chosen from party lists; serve three-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 26 November 2011 (next to be held not later than November 2014)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - National Party 48%, Labor Party 27.1%, Green Party 10.6%, NZ First 6.8%, Maori 1.4%, ACT Party 1.1%, Mana 1%, United Future 0.6%, other 3.43%; seats by party - National Party 60, Labor Party 34, Green Party 13, NZ First 8, Maori 3, ACT Party 1, Mana 1, United Future 1", - "note": "results of 2011 election saw the total number of seats decline to 121" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of 5 justices including the chief justice ) note - the Supreme Court in 2004 replaced the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, in London, as the final appeals court", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "justices appointed by the governor-general on the recommendation of the attorney-general; justices appointed for life", - "subordinate_courts": "Court of Appeal; High Court; tribunals and authorities; district courts; specialized courts for issues related to employment, environment, Maori lands, and military" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "ACT New Zealand [Rodney HIDE]; Green Party [Russel NORMAN and Metiria TUREI]; Mana Party [Hone HARAWIRA]; Maori Party [Tariana TURIA and Dr. Pita SHARPLES]; New Zealand National Party [John KEY]; New Zealand First Party or NZ First [Winston PETERS]; New Zealand Labor Party [Phil GOFF]; Jim Anderton's Progressive Party [James (Jim) ANDERTON]; United Future New Zealand [Peter DUNNE]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Women's Electoral Lobby or WEL; ", - "other": "apartheid groups; civil rights groups; farmers groups; Maori; nuclear weapons groups; women's rights groups" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ADB, ANZUS (US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986), APEC, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CD, CP, EAS, EBRD, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NSG, OECD, OPCW, Paris Club (associate), PCA, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNMIT, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Michael K. MOORE", - "chancery": "37 Observatory Circle NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 328-4800", - "fax": "[1] (202) 667-5227", - "consulates_general": "New York, Pago Pago (American Samoa), Santa Monica (CA)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador David HUEBNER", - "embassy": "29 Fitzherbert Terrace, Thorndon, Wellington", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 1190, Wellington; PSC 467, Box 1, APO AP 96531-1034", - "telephone": "[64] (4) 462-6000", - "fax": "[64] (4) 499-0490", - "consulates_general": "Auckland" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant with four red five-pointed stars edged in white centered in the outer half of the flag; the stars represent the Southern Cross constellation" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Southern Cross constellation (four, five-pointed stars); kiwi (bird)" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"God Defend New Zealand\"", - "lyrics_music": "Thomas BRACKEN [English], Thomas Henry SMITH [Maori]/John Joseph WOODS", - "note": "adopted 1940 as national song, adopted 1977 as co-national anthem; New Zealand has two national anthems with equal status; as a commonwealth realm, in addition to \"God Defend New Zealand,\" \"God Save the Queen\" serves as a national anthem (see United Kingdom); \"God Save the Queen\" normally is played only when a member of the royal family or the governor-general is present; in all other cases, \"God Defend New Zealand\" is played" - }, - "government_note": { - "text": "" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Over the past 20 years the government has transformed New Zealand from an agrarian economy dependent on concessionary British market access to a more industrialized, free market economy that can compete globally. This dynamic growth has boosted real incomes - but left behind some at the bottom of the ladder - and broadened and deepened the technological capabilities of the industrial sector. Per capita income rose for ten consecutive years until 2007 in purchasing power parity terms, but fell in 2008-09. Debt-driven consumer spending drove robust growth in the first half of the decade, helping fuel a large balance of payments deficit that posed a challenge for economic managers. Inflationary pressures caused the central bank to raise its key rate steadily from January 2004 until it was among the highest in the OECD in 2007-08; international capital inflows attracted to the high rates further strengthened the currency and housing market, however, aggravating the current account deficit. The economy fell into recession before the start of the global financial crisis and contracted for five consecutive quarters in 2008-09. In line with global peers, the central bank cut interest rates aggressively and the government developed fiscal stimulus measures. The economy posted a 2% decline in 2009, but pulled out of recession late in the year, and achieved roughly 2% per year growth in 2010-12. Nevertheless, key trade sectors remain vulnerable to weak external demand. The government plans to raise productivity growth and develop infrastructure, while reining in government spending." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$134.2 billion (2012 est.); $130.8 billion (2011 est.); $129 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$169.7 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.5% (2012 est.); 1.4% (2011 est.); 1.8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$30,200 (2012 est.); $29,700 (2011 est.); $29,500 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "15.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 14.5% of GDP (2011 est.); 16% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "60.3%", - "government_consumption": "20.2%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "18.9%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.7%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "28.9%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-28.9% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "4.8%", - "industry": "24.7%", - "services": "70.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "dairy products, lamb and mutton; wheat, barley, potatoes, pulses, fruits, vegetables; wool, beef; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "food processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery, transportation equipment, banking and insurance, tourism, mining" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "2.394 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "7%", - "industry": "19%", - "services": "74% (2006 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "6.9% (2012 est.); 6.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "36.2 (1997)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$66.07 billion", - "expenditures": "$73.31 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "38.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-4.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "38% of GDP (2012 est.); 35.4% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 April - 31 March", - "note": "this is the fiscal year for tax purposes" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "1.1% (2012 est.); 4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "2.5% (31 December 2009); 5% (31 December 2008)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "5.82% (31 December 2012 est.); 6.11% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$29.88 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $26.26 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$154.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $145.3 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$266.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $239.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$71.66 billion (31 December 2011); $36.3 billion (31 December 2010); $67.06 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$6.803 billion (2012 est.); -$6.709 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$37.9 billion (2012 est.); $38.38 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "dairy products, meat, wood and wood products, fish, machinery" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Australia 21%, China 15%, US 9.2%, Japan 7% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$37.15 billion (2012 est.); $35.61 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, vehicles, aircraft, petroleum, electronics, textiles, plastics" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 16.4%, Australia 15.2%, US 9.3%, Japan 6.5%, Singapore 4.8%, Germany 4.4% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$17.58 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $17.01 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$90.16 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $91.28 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$76.25 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $73.64 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$59.08 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "New Zealand dollars (NZD) per US dollar -; 1.2334 (2012 est.); 1.263 (2011 est.); 1.3874 (2010 est.); 1.6002 (2009); 1.4151 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "43.4 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "38.96 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "9.482 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "30% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "56.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "13.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "49,730 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "45,180 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "90,840 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "96.1 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "106,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "148,900 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "2,883 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "46,780 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "4.367 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "4.278 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "27.64 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "39.58 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "1.88 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "4.82 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "excellent domestic and international systems", - "domestic": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular telephone subscribership exceeds 150 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 64; the Southern Cross submarine cable system provides links to Australia, Fiji, and the US; satellite earth stations - 8 (1 Inmarsat - Pacific Ocean, 7 other) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-owned Television New Zealand operates multiple TV networks and state-owned Radio New Zealand operates 3 radio networks and an external shortwave radio service to the South Pacific region; a small number of national commercial TV and radio stations and many regional commercial television and radio stations are available; cable and satellite TV systems are available (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".nz" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "3.026 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "3.4 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "123 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "39", - "over_3_047_m": "2", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "12", - "914_to_1_523_m": "23", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "84", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", - "914_to_1_523_m": "33", - "under_914_m": "48 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "condensate 331 km; gas 1,936 km; liquid petroleum gas 172 km; oil 288 km; refined products 198 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "4,128 km", - "narrow_gauge": "4,128 km 1.067-m gauge (506 km electrified) (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "93,911 km", - "paved": "61,879 km (includes 172 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "32,032 km (2009)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "15", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 3, cargo 3, chemical tanker 1, container 1, passenger/cargo 5, petroleum tanker 2", - "foreign_owned": "7 (Germany 2, Hong Kong 1, South Africa 1, Switzerland 2, UK 1)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "5 (Antigua and Barbuda 2, Cook Islands 2, Samoa 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Auckland, Lyttelton, Manukau Harbor, Marsden Point, Tauranga, Wellington" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "New Zealand Defense Force (NZDF): New Zealand Army, Royal New Zealand Navy, Royal New Zealand Air Force (Te Hokowhitu o Kahurangi, RNZAF) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "17 years of age for voluntary military service; soldiers cannot be deployed until the age of 18; no conscription; 3 years of secondary education required; must be a citizen of NZ, the UK, Australia, Canada, or the US, and resident of NZ for the previous 5 years (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,019,798", - "females_age_16_49": "1,003,429 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "843,526", - "females_age_16_49": "828,779 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "30,846", - "female": "28,825 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.5% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "asserts a territorial claim in Antarctica (Ross Dependency)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "significant consumer of amphetamines" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pacific/pg-papua-new-guinea.json b/pacific/pg-papua-new-guinea.json deleted file mode 100644 index 1122db7e..00000000 --- a/pacific/pg-papua-new-guinea.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,613 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The eastern half of the island of New Guinea - second largest in the world - was divided between Germany (north) and the UK (south) in 1885. The latter area was transferred to Australia in 1902, which occupied the northern portion during World War I and continued to administer the combined areas until independence in 1975. A nine-year secessionist revolt on the island of Bougainville ended in 1997 after claiming some 20,000 lives." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Oceania, group of islands including the eastern half of the island of New Guinea between the Coral Sea and the South Pacific Ocean, east of Indonesia" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "6 00 S, 147 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Oceania" - }, - "area": { - "total": "462,840 sq km", - "land": "452,860 sq km", - "water": "9,980 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than California" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "820 km", - "border_countries": "Indonesia 820 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "5,152 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "measured from claimed archipelagic baselines", - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation", - "exclusive_fishing_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; northwest monsoon (December to March), southeast monsoon (May to October); slight seasonal temperature variation" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly mountains with coastal lowlands and rolling foothills" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Mount Wilhelm 4,509 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "gold, copper, silver, natural gas, timber, oil, fisheries" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "0.65%", - "permanent_crops": "1.51%", - "other": "97.84% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "0 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "801 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.39 cu km/yr (57%/43%/0%)", - "per_capita": "61.3 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "active volcanism; situated along the Pacific \"Ring of Fire\"; the country is subject to frequent and sometimes severe earthquakes; mud slides; tsunamis", - "volcanism": "severe volcanic activity; Ulawun (elev. 2,334 m), one of Papua New Guinea's potentially most dangerous volcanoes, has been deemed a \"Decade Volcano\" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Rabaul (elev. 688 m) destroyed the city of Rabaul in 1937 and 1994; Lamington erupted in 1951 killing 3,000 people; Manam's 2004 eruption forced the island's abandonment; other historically active volcanoes include Bam, Bagana, Garbuna, Karkar, Langila, Lolobau, Long Island, Pago, St. Andrew Strait, Victory, and Waiowa" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "rain forest subject to deforestation as a result of growing commercial demand for tropical timber; pollution from mining projects; severe drought" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "shares island of New Guinea with Indonesia; one of world's largest swamps along southwest coast" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Papua New Guinean(s)", - "adjective": "Papua New Guinean" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Melanesian, Papuan, Negrito, Micronesian, Polynesian" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Tok Pisin (official), English (official), Hiri Motu (official), some 836 indigenous languages spoken (about 12% of the world's total); most languages have fewer than 1,000 speakers", - "note": "Tok Pisin, a creole language, is widely used and understood; English is spoken by 1%-2%; Hiri Motu is spoken by less than 2%" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 27%, Protestant 69.4% (Evangelical Lutheran 19.5%, United Church 11.5%, Seventh-Day Adventist 10%, Pentecostal 8.6%, Evangelical Alliance 5.2%, Anglican 3.2%, Baptist 2.5%, other Protestant 8.9%), Baha'i 0.3%, indigenous beliefs and other 3.3% (2000 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "6,431,902 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "35.5% (male 1,160,586/female 1,120,258)", - "15_24_years": "19.5% (male 636,602/female 619,885)", - "25_54_years": "36% (male 1,198,799/female 1,117,510)", - "55_64_years": "5.2% (male 167,625/female 164,018)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.8% (male 129,852/female 116,767) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "69.3 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "64.3 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "4.9 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "20.3 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "22.2 years", - "male": "22.4 years", - "female": "21.9 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.89% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "25.4 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "6.54 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "13% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.9% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "PORT MORESBY (capital) 314,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.08 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "1.14 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.05 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "230 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "40.84 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "44.53 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "36.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "66.66 years", - "male": "64.44 years", - "female": "69 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "3.31 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "32.4% (2007)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "3.6% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.05 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 87% of population; rural: 33% of population; total: 40% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 13% of population; rural: 67% of population; total: 60% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 71% of population; rural: 41% of population; total: 45% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 29% of population; rural: 59% of population; total: 55% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.9% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "34,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "1,300 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever and malaria (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "16.2% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "18.1% (2005)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "62.4%", - "male": "65.4%", - "female": "59.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "people_note": { - "text": "the indigenous population of Papua New Guinea is one of the most heterogeneous in the world; PNG has several thousand separate communities, most with only a few hundred people; divided by language, customs, and tradition, some of these communities have engaged in low-scale tribal conflict with their neighbors for millennia; the advent of modern weapons and modern migrants into urban areas has greatly magnified the impact of this lawlessness" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Independent State of Papua New Guinea", - "conventional_short_form": "Papua New Guinea", - "local_short_form": "Papuaniugini", - "former": "Territory of Papua and New Guinea", - "abbreviation": "PNG" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "constitutional parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Port Moresby", - "geographic_coordinates": "9 27 S, 147 11 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+10 (15 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "20 provinces, 1 autonomous region*, and 1 district**; Bougainville*, Central, Chimbu, Eastern Highlands, East New Britain, East Sepik, Enga, Gulf, Hela, Jiwaka, Madang, Manus, Milne Bay, Morobe, National Capital**, New Ireland, Northern, Southern Highlands, Western, Western Highlands, West New Britain, West Sepik" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "16 September 1975 (from the Australian-administered UN trusteeship)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 16 September (1975)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "16 September 1975" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Michael OGIO (since 25 February 2011)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Peter Paire O'NEILL (since 2 August 2011); Deputy Prime Minister Leo DION (since 9 August 2012)", - "cabinet": "National Executive Council appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister", - "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; the governor general nominated by parliament and appointed by the chief of state; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of the majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general acting in accordance with a decision of the parliament; Peter Paire O'NEILL elected prime minister by parliament on 3 August 2012 by a vote of 94 to 12" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Parliament (111 seats, 89 filled from open electorates and 20 from provinces and national capital district; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms); constitution allows up to 126 seats", - "elections": "last held from 23 June 2012 to 27 July 2012 (next to be held in June 2017)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - People's National Congress Party 27, Triumph Heritage Empowerment Party 12, PNG Party 8, National Alliance Party 7, United Resources Party 7, People's Party 6, People's Progess Party 6, other parties 22, independents 16", - "note": "14 other parties won 3 or fewer seats; association with political parties is fluid" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, deputy chief justice, and 28 other judges); National Courts (10 courts located in the province capitals, with a total of 16 resident judges )", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "chief justice appointed by the governor-general upon advice of the National Executive Council (cabinet) after consultation with the National Justice Administration Minister; deputy chief justice and other justices appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, a 5-member body to include the Supreme Court chief and deputy chief justices, the chief ombudsman, and a member of the National Parliament; citizen judges appointed for 10-year renewable terms; non-citizen judges appointed for 3-year renewable terms; appointment and tenure of National Court resident judges NA", - "subordinate_courts": "district, village, and juvenile courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "National Alliance Party or NA [Patrick PRUAITCHI]; Papua New Guinea Party or PNGP [Beldan NEMAH]; People's National Congress Party or PNC [Peter Paire O'NEILL]; People's Party or PP; People's Progress Party or PPP; Triumph Heritage Empowerment Party or THE [Don POYLE]; United Resources Party or URP [William DUMA]; ", - "note": "as of 13 March 2012, 41 political parties were registered" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Centre for Environment Law and Community Rights or Celcor [Damien ASE]; Community Coalition Against Corruption; National Council of Women; Transparency International PNG" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, APEC, ARF, ASEAN (observer), C, CD, CP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Elias Rahuromo WOHENGU", - "chancery": "1779 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Suite 805, Washington, DC 20036", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 745-3680", - "fax": "[1] (202) 745-3679" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Walter E. NORTH", - "embassy": "Douglas Street, Port Moresby, N.C.D.", - "mailing_address": "4240 Port Moresby PI, US Department of State, Washington DC 20521-4240", - "telephone": "[675] 321-1455", - "fax": "[675] 321-3423" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "divided diagonally from upper hoist-side corner; the upper triangle is red with a soaring yellow bird of paradise centered; the lower triangle is black with five, white, five-pointed stars of the Southern Cross constellation centered; red, black, and yellow are traditional colors of Papua New Guinea; the bird of paradise - endemic to the island of New Guinea - is an emblem of regional tribal culture and represents the emergence of Papua New Guinea as a nation; the Southern Cross, visible in the night sky, symbolizes Papua New Guinea's connection with Australia and several other countries in the South Pacific" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "bird of paradise" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"O Arise All You Sons\"", - "lyrics_music": "Thomas SHACKLADY", - "note": "adopted 1975" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Papua New Guinea (PNG) is richly endowed with natural resources, but exploitation has been hampered by rugged terrain, land tenure issues, and the high cost of developing infrastructure. The economy has a small formal sector, focused mainly on the export of those natural resources, and an informal sector, employing the majority of the population. Agriculture provides a subsistence livelihood for 85% of the people. Mineral deposits, including copper, gold, and oil, account for nearly two-thirds of export earnings. Natural gas reserves amount to an estimated 155 billion cubic meters. A consortium led by a major American oil company is constructing a liquefied natural gas (LNG) production facility that could begin exporting in 2014. As the largest investment project in the country's history, it has the potential to double GDP in the near-term and triple Papua New Guinea's export revenue. An American-owned firm also opened PNG's first oil refinery in 2004 and is building a second LNG production facility. The government faces the challenge of ensuring transparency and accountability for revenues flowing from this and other large LNG projects. In 2011 and 2012, the National Parliament passed legislation that created an offshore Sovereign Wealth Fund (SWF) to manage government surpluses from mineral, oil, and natural gas projects. In recent years, the government has opened up markets in telecommunications and air transport, making both more affordable to the people. Numerous challenges still face the government of Peter O'NEILL, including providing physical security for foreign investors, regaining investor confidence, restoring integrity to state institutions, promoting economic efficiency by privatizing moribund state institutions, and maintaining good relations with Australia, its former colonial ruler. Other socio-cultural challenges could upend the economy including chronic law and order and land tenure issues. The global financial crisis had little impact because of continued foreign demand for PNG's commodities." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$19.41 billion (2012 est.); $17.79 billion (2011 est.); $16.02 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$15.79 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "9.1% (2012 est.); 11.1% (2011 est.); 7.6% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$2,800 (2012 est.); $2,700 (2011 est.); $2,500 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "7.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 18.3% of GDP (2011 est.); 10.2% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "46.4%", - "government_consumption": "17%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "20.7%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.9%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "69.8%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-54.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "28%", - "industry": "38.6%", - "services": "33.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "coffee, cocoa, copra, palm kernels, tea, sugar, rubber, sweet potatoes, fruit, vegetables, vanilla; poultry, pork; shellfish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "copra crushing, palm oil processing, plywood production, wood chip production; mining (gold, silver, and copper); crude oil production, petroleum refining; construction, tourism" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "13% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "3.986 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "85%", - "industry": "NA%", - "services": "NA% (2005 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "1.9% (2008 est.); 1.8% (2004)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "37% (2002 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1.7%", - "highest_10%": "40.5% (1996)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "50.9 (1996)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$4.532 billion", - "expenditures": "$4.769 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "28.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-1.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "14.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 12.4% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.2% (2012 est.); 8.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "14% (31 December 2010 est.); 6.92% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "10.82% (31 December 2012 est.); 10.81% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$5.301 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.488 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$8.624 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $7.134 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$4.342 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.093 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$8.999 billion (31 December 2011); $9.742 billion (31 December 2010); $12.21 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$4.381 billion (2012 est.); -$48.5 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$5.604 billion (2012 est.); $6.791 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "oil, gold, copper ore, logs, palm oil, coffee, cocoa, crayfish, prawns" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Australia 29%, Japan 9.6%, China 4.8% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$4.412 billion (2012 est.); $4.24 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, fuels, chemicals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Australia 36.3%, Singapore 13.8%, Malaysia 8.4%, China 7.9%, Japan 5.8%, US 4.8% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$4.001 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.323 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$13.25 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $12.44 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "kina (PGK) per US dollar -; 2.0837 (2012 est.); 2.371 (2011 est.); 2.7193 (2010 est.); 2.7551 (2009); 2.6956 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "3.331 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "3.098 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "700,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "61.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "30.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "30,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "15,100 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "170 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "16,080 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "36,320 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "3,536 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "7,201 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "110 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "110 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "155.3 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "5.306 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "130,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "2.4 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "services are minimal; facilities provide radiotelephone and telegraph, coastal radio, aeronautical radio, and international radio communication services", - "domestic": "access to telephone services is not widely available although combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity has increased to roughly 40 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 675; submarine cables to Australia and Guam; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean); international radio communication service (2009)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "2 TV stations, 1 commercial station operating since the late 1980s and 1 state-run station launched in 2008; satellite and cable TV services are available; state-run National Broadcasting Corporation operates 3 radio networks with multiple repeaters and about 20 provincial stations; several commercial radio stations with multiple transmission points as well as several community stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are accessible (2009)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".pg" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "5,006 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "125,000 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "561 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "21", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "12", - "914_to_1_523_m": "5", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "540", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "11", - "914_to_1_523_m": "53", - "under_914_m": "476 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "2 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "oil 264 km (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "9,349 km", - "paved": "3,000 km", - "unpaved": "6,349 km (2011)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "11,000 km (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "31", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 7, cargo 22, petroleum tanker 2", - "foreign_owned": "8 (Germany 1, Malaysia 1, UAE 6) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Kimbe, Lae, Madang, Rabaul, Wewak" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Papua New Guinea Defense Force (PNGDF; includes Maritime Operations Element, Air Operations Element) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "16 years of age for voluntary military service (with parental consent); no conscription; graduation from grade 12 required (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,568,210", - "females_age_16_49": "1,478,965 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,130,951", - "females_age_16_49": "1,137,753 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "67,781", - "female": "65,820 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.5% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "relies on assistance from Australia to keep out illegal cross-border activities from primarily Indonesia, including goods smuggling, illegal narcotics trafficking, and squatters and secessionists" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "9,368 (Indonesia) (2012)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Papua New Guinea is a source, destination, and transit country for men, women, and children subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor; women and children are subjected to sex trafficking and domestic servitude; families may sell girls into forced marriages to settle debts, leaving them vulnerable to forced domestic service; local and Chinese men are forced to labor in logging and mining camps; migrant women from Malaysia, Thailand, China, and the Philippines are subjected to sex trafficking and domestic servitude at logging and mining camps, fisheries, and entertainment sites", - "tier_rating": "Tier 3 - Papua New Guinea does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; despite acknowledging trafficking as a problem, the government has not enacted legislation to criminalize all forms of trafficking, investigated any suspected trafficking offenses, prosecuted or convicted any trafficking offenders under existing laws, addressed allegations of officials being complicit in human trafficking crimes, or identified or assisted any trafficking victims; Papua New Guinea is not a party to the 2000 UN TIP Protocol" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "major consumer of cannabis" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pacific/pw-palau.json b/pacific/pw-palau.json deleted file mode 100644 index 60946f96..00000000 --- a/pacific/pw-palau.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,426 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "After three decades as part of the UN Trust Territory of the Pacific under US administration, this westernmost cluster of the Caroline Islands opted for independence in 1978 rather than join the Federated States of Micronesia. A Compact of Free Association with the US was approved in 1986 but not ratified until 1993. It entered into force the following year when the islands gained independence." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Oceania, group of islands in the North Pacific Ocean, southeast of the Philippines" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "7 30 N, 134 30 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Oceania" - }, - "area": { - "total": "459 sq km", - "land": "459 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly more than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "1,519 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "3 nm", - "exclusive_fishing_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; hot and humid; wet season May to November" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "varying geologically from the high, mountainous main island of Babelthuap to low, coral islands usually fringed by large barrier reefs" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Mount Ngerchelchuus 242 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "forests, minerals (especially gold), marine products, deep-seabed minerals" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "2.17%", - "permanent_crops": "4.35%", - "other": "93.48% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "typhoons (June to December)" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "inadequate facilities for disposal of solid waste; threats to the marine ecosystem from sand and coral dredging, illegal fishing practices, and overfishing" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "westernmost archipelago in the Caroline chain, consists of six island groups totaling more than 300 islands; includes World War II battleground of Beliliou (Peleliu) and world-famous rock islands" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Palauan(s)", - "adjective": "Palauan" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Palauan (Micronesian with Malayan and Melanesian admixtures) 69.9%, Filipino 15.3%, Chinese 4.9%, other Asian 2.4%, white 1.9%, Carolinian 1.4%, other Micronesian 1.1%, other or unspecified 3.2% (2000 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Palauan (official on most islands) 64.7%, Filipino 13.5%, English (official) 9.4%, Chinese 5.7%, Carolinian 1.5%, Japanese 1.5%, other Asian 2.3%, other languages 1.5% (2000 census)", - "note": "Sonsoral (Sonsoralese and English are official), Tobi (Tobi and English are official), and Angaur (Angaur, Japanese, and English are official)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 41.6%, Protestant 23.3%, Modekngei 8.8% (indigenous to Palau), Seventh-Day Adventist 5.3%, Jehovah's Witnesses 0.9%, Mormon 0.6%, other 3.1%, unspecified or none 16.4% (2000 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "21,108 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "20.7% (male 2,250/female 2,110)", - "15_24_years": "17.6% (male 1,849/female 1,875)", - "25_54_years": "46.6% (male 5,981/female 3,854)", - "55_64_years": "8.3% (male 615/female 1,129)", - "65_years_and_over": "6.8% (male 407/female 1,038) (2013 est.)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "32.9 years", - "male": "32.5 years", - "female": "33.9 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.37% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "10.9 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "7.86 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "83% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.55 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.55 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.4 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.12 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "11.77 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "13.35 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "10.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "72.33 years", - "male": "69.17 years", - "female": "75.68 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.72 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "32.8%", - "note": "percent of women aged 15-44 (2003)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "10.3% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.3 physicians/1,000 population (2006)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "4.8 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 83% of population; rural: 96% of population; total: 85% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 17% of population; rural: 4% of population; total: 15% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "48.9% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "10.3% of GDP (2002)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "92%", - "male": "93%", - "female": "90% (1980 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "15 years", - "male": "14 years", - "female": "15 years (2001)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Palau", - "conventional_short_form": "Palau", - "local_long_form": "Beluu er a Belau", - "local_short_form": "Belau", - "former": "Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Palau District" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "constitutional government in free association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force on 1 October 1994" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Melekeok", - "geographic_coordinates": "7 29 N, 134 38 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "16 states; Aimeliik, Airai, Angaur, Hatohobei, Kayangel, Koror, Melekeok, Ngaraard, Ngarchelong, Ngardmau, Ngatpang, Ngchesar, Ngeremlengui, Ngiwal, Peleliu, Sonsorol" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "1 October 1994 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Constitution Day, 9 July (1979)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "1 January 1981" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil, common, and customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Tommy REMENGESAU (since 17 January 2013); Vice President Antonio BELLS (since 17 January 2013); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Tommy REMENGESAU (since 17 January 2013); Vice President Antonio BELLS (since 17 January 2013)", - "cabinet": "NA", - "elections": "president and vice president elected on separate tickets by popular vote for four-year terms (eligible for a second term); election last held on 6 November 2012 (next to be held in November 2016)", - "election_results": "percent of vote - Tommy REMENGESAU 58%, Johnson TORIBIONG 42%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral National Congress or Olbiil Era Kelulau (OEK) consists of the Senate (9 seats; members elected by popular vote on a population basis to serve four-year terms) and the House of Delegates (16 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "Senate - last held on 6 November 2012 (next to be held in November 2016); House of Delegates - last held on 6 November 2012 (next to be held in November 2016)", - "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 9; House of Delegates - percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 16" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 3 associate justices organized into appellate trial divisions; also within the Supreme Court organization are the Common Pleas and Land Courts)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "justices nominated by a 7-member independent body consisting of judges, presidential appointees, and lawyers, and appointed by the president; judges appointed until mandatory retirement at age 65", - "subordinate_courts": "National Court and other 'inferior' courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "none" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, IOC, IPU, MIGA, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Hersey KYOTA", - "chancery": "1701 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC 20006", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 452-6814", - "fax": "[1] (202) 452-6281", - "consulates": "Tamuning (Guam)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Helen P. REED-ROWE", - "embassy": "Koror (no street address)", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 6028, Koror, Republic of Palau 96940", - "telephone": "[680] 587-2920", - "fax": "[680] 587-2911" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "light blue with a large yellow disk shifted slightly to the hoist side; the blue color represents the ocean, the disk represents the moon; Palauans consider the full moon to be the optimum time for human activity; it is also considered a symbol of peace, love, and tranquility" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Belau rekid\" (Our Palau)", - "lyrics_music": "multiple/Ymesei O. EZEKIEL", - "note": "adopted 1980" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "The economy consists of tourism and other services such as trade, subsistence agriculture, and fishing. Government is a major employer of the work force relying on financial assistance from the US under the Compact of Free Association (Compact) with the US. The Compact took effect, after the end of the UN trusteeship on 1 October 1994. The US provided Palau with roughly $700 million in aid for the first 15 years following commencement of the Compact in 1994 in return for unrestricted access to its land and waterways for strategic purposes. Business and leisure tourist arrivals numbered over 109,000 in 2011, for a 27% increase over 2010. The population enjoys a per capita income roughly double that of the Philippines and much of Micronesia. Long-run prospects for tourism have been bolstered by the expansion of air travel in the Pacific, the rising prosperity of industrial East Asia, and the willingness of foreigners to finance infrastructure development. Proximity to Guam, the region's major destination for tourists from East Asia, and a regionally competitive tourist infrastructure enhance Palau's advantage as a destination." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$221 million (2011 est.); $208.9 million (2010 est.)", - "note": "GDP estimate includes US subsidy" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$221 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "5.8% (2011 est.); 5.5% (2005 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$10,500 (2011 est.); $7,600 (2005 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "3.2%", - "industry": "20%", - "services": "76.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "coconuts, copra, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "tourism, craft items (from shell, wood, pearls), construction, garment making" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "9,777 (2005)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "20%", - "industry": "NA%", - "services": "NA% (1990)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "4.2% (2005 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$89 million", - "expenditures": "$94.3 million (2010 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "40.3% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-2.4% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 October - 30 September" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.7% (2011 est.); 1.6% (2010 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$20.8 million (2010 est.); $15.09 million (FY03/04)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$12.3 million (2010 est.); $5.882 million (2004 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "shellfish, tuna, copra, garments" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$113.4 million (2010 est.); $107.3 million (2004 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, fuels, metals; foodstuffs" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$0 (FY99/00)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "the US dollar is used" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "6,900 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "15,400 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "domestic": "fixed-line and mobile-cellular services available with a combined subscribership of roughly 100 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 680; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2009)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "no TV stations; a cable TV network covers the major islands and provides access to rebroadcasts, on a delayed basis, of a number of US stations as well as access to a number of real-time satellite TV channels; about a half dozen radio stations with 1 government-owned (2009)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".pw" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "4 (2012)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "3 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "2", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Koror" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "no regular military forces; Palau National Police (2009)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "6,987 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "5,272", - "females_age_16_49": "3,969 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "216", - "female": "222 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "military_note": { - "text": "defense is the responsibility of the US; under a Compact of Free Association between Palau and the US, the US military is granted access to the islands for 50 years, but it has not stationed any military forces there (2008)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "maritime delineation negotiations continue with Philippines, Indonesia" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pacific/sb-solomon-islands.json b/pacific/sb-solomon-islands.json deleted file mode 100644 index e2c909c1..00000000 --- a/pacific/sb-solomon-islands.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,543 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "The UK established a protectorate over the Solomon Islands in the 1890s. Some of the most bitter fighting of World War II occurred on this archipelago. Self-government was achieved in 1976 and independence two years later. Ethnic violence, government malfeasance, and endemic crime have undermined stability and civil society. In June 2003, then Prime Minister Sir Allan KEMAKEZA sought the assistance of Australia in reestablishing law and order; the following month, an Australian-led multinational force arrived to restore peace and disarm ethnic militias. The Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI) has generally been effective in restoring law and order and rebuilding government institutions." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Papua New Guinea" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "8 00 S, 159 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Oceania" - }, - "area": { - "total": "28,896 sq km", - "land": "27,986 sq km", - "water": "910 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Maryland" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "5,313 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "measured from claimed archipelagic baselines", - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical monsoon; few extremes of temperature and weather" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly rugged mountains with some low coral atolls" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Mount Popomanaseu 2,310 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "fish, forests, gold, bauxite, phosphates, lead, zinc, nickel" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "0.62%", - "permanent_crops": "2.25%", - "other": "97.13% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "44.7 cu km (2011)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "typhoons, but rarely destructive; geologically active region with frequent earthquakes, tremors, and volcanic activity; tsunamis", - "volcanism": "Tinakula (elev. 851 m) has frequent eruption activity, while an eruption of Savo (elev. 485 m) could affect the capital Honiara on nearby Guadalcanal" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation; soil erosion; many of the surrounding coral reefs are dead or dying" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "strategic location on sea routes between the South Pacific Ocean, the Solomon Sea, and the Coral Sea; on 2 April 2007 an undersea earthquake measuring 8.1 on the Richter scale occurred 345 km WNW of the capital Honiara; the resulting tsunami devastated coastal areas of Western and Choiseul provinces with dozens of deaths and thousands dislocated; the provincial capital of Gizo was especially hard hit" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Solomon Islander(s)", - "adjective": "Solomon Islander" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Melanesian 94.5%, Polynesian 3%, Micronesian 1.2%, other 1.1%, unspecified 0.2% (1999 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Melanesian pidgin (in much of the country is lingua franca), English (official but spoken by only 1%-2% of the population), 120 indigenous languages" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Protestant 73.7% (Church of Melanesia 32.8%, South Seas Evangelical 17%, Seventh-Day Adventist 11.2%, United Church 10.3%, Christian Fellowship Church 2.4%), Roman Catholic 19%, other Christian 4.4%, other 2.4%, unspecified 0.3%, none 0.2% (1999 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "597,248 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "36.8% (male 113,030/female 106,527)", - "15_24_years": "20% (male 61,244/female 58,027)", - "25_54_years": "35% (male 106,525/female 102,452)", - "55_64_years": "4.3% (male 12,586/female 12,930)", - "65_years_and_over": "4% (male 11,598/female 12,329) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "77.1 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "71.2 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "16.8 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "21.3 years", - "male": "21.1 years", - "female": "21.6 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.12% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "26.9 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "3.88 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-1.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "19% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "4.2% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "HONIARA (capital) 72,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.96 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.95 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.04 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "93 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "16.7 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "19.03 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "14.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "74.66 years", - "male": "72.05 years", - "female": "77.39 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "3.44 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "34.6% (2006/07)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "8.6% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.19 physicians/1,000 population (2005)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.4 beds/1,000 population (2005)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 94% of population; rural: 65% of population; total: 70% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 6% of population; rural: 35% of population; total: 30% of population (2000 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 18% of population; total: 31% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 82% of population; total: 69% of population (2000 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "30% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "11.5% (2007)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "7.3% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "84.1%", - "male": "88.9%", - "female": "79.2%" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "9 years", - "male": "10 years", - "female": "9 years (2007)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "none", - "conventional_short_form": "Solomon Islands", - "local_long_form": "none", - "local_short_form": "Solomon Islands", - "former": "British Solomon Islands" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Honiara", - "geographic_coordinates": "9 26 S, 159 57 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "9 provinces and 1 capital territory*; Central, Choiseul, Guadalcanal, Honiara*, Isabel, Makira, Malaita, Rennell and Bellona, Temotu, Western" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "7 July 1978 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 7 July (1978)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "7 July 1978" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "21 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Frank KABUI (since 7 July 2009)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Gordon Darcy LILO (since 16 November 2011)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet consists of 20 members appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister from among the members of parliament", - "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of parliament for up to five years (eligible for a second term); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition usually elected prime minister by parliament; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister from among the members of parliament; Gordon Darcy LILO elected on 16 November 2011" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Parliament (50 seats; members elected from single-member constituencies by popular vote to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 4 August 2010 (next to be held in 2014)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - SIDP 14, OUR 4, SIPRA 3, RDP 3, IDP 2, DDP 2, PCP 1, PFP 1, RUPP 1, SILP 1, SINP 1, independents 17" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, and ex officio members to include the High Court chief justice and its puisne judges); High Court (consists of the chief justice and puisne judges as prescribed by the National Parliament)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Court of Appeal and High Court president, chief justices, and puisne judges appointed by the governor-general upon recommendation of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission, chaired by the chief justice to include 5 members, mostly judicial officials and legal professionals; all judges appointed until retirement at age 60", - "subordinate_courts": "Magistrates' Courts; local courts; Customary Land Appeal Court" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Direct Development Party or DDP [Dick HA'AMORI]; Independent Democratic Party or IDP [Snyder RINI]; People's Alliance Party or PAP [James MEKAB]; People's Congress Party or PCP [Fred FONO]; People's Federation Party or PFP [Rudolf DORA]; Ownership, Unity, and Responsibility Party or OUR [Manasseh SOGAVARE]; Reform Democratic Party or RDP [Danny PHILIP]; Rural and Urban Political Party or RUPP [Samuel MANETOALI]; Solomon Islands Democratic Party or SIDP [Steve ABANA]; Solomon Islands Liberal Party or SILP [Derek SIKUA]; Solomon Islands National Party or SINP [Francis HILLY]; Solomon Islands Party for Rural Advancement or SIPRA [Job D. TAUSINGA]; United Party [Sir Peter KENILOREA]", - "note": "in general, Solomon Islands politics is characterized by fluid coalitions" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Isatabu Freedom Movement (IFM); Malaita Eagle Force (MEF); ", - "note": "these rival armed ethnic factions crippled the Solomon Islands in a wave of violence from 1999 to 2003" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, EITI (candidate country), ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, ITU, MIGA, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Collin David BECK", - "chancery": "800 Second Avenue, Suite 400L, New York, NY 10017", - "telephone": "[1] (212) 599-6192, 6193", - "fax": "[1] (212) 661-8925" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "text": "the US does not have an embassy in the Solomon Islands; the US ambassador to Papua New Guinea is accredited to the Solomon Islands" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "divided diagonally by a thin yellow stripe from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is blue with five white five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern; the lower triangle is green; blue represents the ocean; green the land; and yellow sunshine; the five stars stand for the five main island groups of the Solomon Islands" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"God Save Our Solomon Islands\"", - "lyrics_music": "Panapasa BALEKANA and Matila BALEKANA/Panapasa BALEKANA", - "note": "adopted 1978" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "The bulk of the population depends on agriculture, fishing, and forestry for at least part of its livelihood. Most manufactured goods and petroleum products must be imported. The islands are rich in undeveloped mineral resources such as lead, zinc, nickel, and gold. Prior to the arrival of The Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI), severe ethnic violence, the closing of key businesses, and an empty government treasury culminated in economic collapse. RAMSI's efforts to restore law and order and economic stability have led to modest growth as the economy rebuilds." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$1.922 billion (2012 est.); $1.822 billion (2011 est.); $1.646 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$1.01 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "5.5% (2012 est.); 10.7% (2011 est.); 7.8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$3,400 (2012 est.); $3,300 (2011 est.); $3,100 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "54.1%", - "industry": "7.2%", - "services": "38.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, rice, potatoes, vegetables, fruit; cattle, pigs; fish; timber" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "fish (tuna), mining, timber" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "202,500 (2007)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "75%", - "industry": "5%", - "services": "20% (2000 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$380.7 million", - "expenditures": "$326.3 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "37.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "5.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "5.9% (2012 est.); 7.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "11.3% (31 December 2012 est.); 13.17% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$328.5 million (31 December 2012 est.); $254.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$386.4 million (31 December 2012 est.); $353.8 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$41.13 million (31 December 2012 est.); $50.01 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$372.6 million (2010 est.); -$207.9 million (2009 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "; $226.5 million (2010 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "timber, fish, copra, palm oil, cocoa" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "China 47.9%, Australia 16.6% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$360.3 million (2010 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "food, plant and equipment, manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Singapore 26.6%, Australia 25.1%, China 7%, NZ 4.8%, Malaysia 4.7% (2012)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$255.5 million (31 December 2011 est.); $166 million (2004)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Solomon Islands dollars (SBD) per US dollar -; 7.3552 (2012 est.); 7.6413 (2011 est.); 8.0645 (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "82 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "76.26 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "14,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "1,728 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "1,433 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "359,000 Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "8,400 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "274,900 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "domestic": "mobile-cellular telephone density is about 50 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 677; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "Solomon Islands Broadcasting Corporation (SIBC) is the sole TV broadcaster with 1 station; multi-channel pay-TV is available; SIBC operates 2 national radio stations and 2 provincial stations; 2 local commercial radio stations; Radio Australia is available via satellite feed (2009)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".sb" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "4,370 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "10,000 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "36 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "35", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "10", - "under_914_m": "24 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "3 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "1,360 km", - "paved": "33 km", - "unpaved": "1,327 km", - "note": "includes 800 km of private plantation roads (2002)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Honiara, Malloco Bay, Viru Harbor, Tulaghi" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "no regular military forces; Royal Solomon Islands Police Force (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "142,913 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "118,921", - "females_age_16_49": "118,164 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "6,483", - "female": "6,098 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "3.7% of GDP (2007)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "since 2003, the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands, consisting of police, military, and civilian advisors drawn from 15 countries, has assisted in reestablishing and maintaining civil and political order while reinforcing regional stability and security" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "The Solomon Islands is a source and destination country for local and Southeast Asian men and women subjected to forced labor and forced prostitution; women from China, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines are recruited for legitimate work and upon arrival are forced into prostitution; men from Indonesia and Malaysia recruited to work in the Solomon Islands' mining and logging industries may be subjected to forced labor; local children are forced into prostitution near foreign logging camps, on fishing vessels, and at hotel and other entertainment venues; some local children are also sold by their parents for marriage to foreign workers or put up for \"informal adoption\" and then find themselves forced into domestic servitude or forced prostitution", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - The Solomon Islands does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government has formed an ad hoc Solomon Islands Trafficking-in-Persons Advisory Committee and established an informal victim assistance referral procedure for law enforcement; the government did not pass the necessary implementing regulations for anti-trafficking legislation enacted in 2012, preventing authorities from using the new law to prosecute alleged traffickers; the government continues to rely on civil society or religious organizations to provide limited services to victims; the Solomon Islands is not a party to the 2000 UN TIP Protocol (2013)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pacific/to-tonga.json b/pacific/to-tonga.json deleted file mode 100644 index ebb5ddd9..00000000 --- a/pacific/to-tonga.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,556 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Tonga - unique among Pacific nations - never completely lost its indigenous governance. The archipelagos of \"The Friendly Islands\" were united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. Tonga became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900; it withdrew from the protectorate and joined the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970. Tonga remains the only monarchy in the Pacific." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "20 00 S, 175 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Oceania" - }, - "area": { - "total": "747 sq km", - "land": "717 sq km", - "water": "30 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "four times the size of Washington, DC" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "419 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "unnamed elevation on Kao Island 1,033 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "fish, fertile soil" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "21.33%", - "permanent_crops": "14.67%", - "other": "64% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou", - "volcanism": "moderate volcanic activity; Fonualei (elev. 180 m) has shown frequent activity in recent years, while Niuafo'ou (elev. 260 m), which last erupted in 1985, has forced evacuations; other historically active volcanoes include Late and Tofua" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "archipelago of 169 islands (36 inhabited)" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Tongan(s)", - "adjective": "Tongan" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Polynesian, Europeans" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Tongan (official), English (official)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "106,322 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "36.2% (male 19,545/female 18,927)", - "15_24_years": "19.2% (male 10,432/female 9,935)", - "25_54_years": "33% (male 17,549/female 17,562)", - "55_64_years": "5.4% (male 2,779/female 2,994)", - "65_years_and_over": "6.2% (male 3,034/female 3,565) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "75.7 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "65.4 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "10.3 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "9.7 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "21.8 years", - "male": "21.3 years", - "female": "22.2 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.14% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "24.12 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "4.87 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-17.87 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "23% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.8% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.91 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.86 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.01 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "110 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "12.78 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "13.2 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "12.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "75.6 years", - "male": "74.16 years", - "female": "77.09 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "3.46 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "5.1% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.29 physicians/1,000 population (2002)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "2.6 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 96% of population; total: 96% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 4% of population; total: 4% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "57.6% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "3.9% of GDP (2004)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "can read and write Tongan and/or English", - "total_population": "99%", - "male": "99%", - "female": "99.1% (2006 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "14 years", - "male": "14 years", - "female": "14 years (2007)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "11.9%", - "male": "9.9%", - "female": "15.1% (2003)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Kingdom of Tonga", - "conventional_short_form": "Tonga", - "local_long_form": "Pule'anga Tonga", - "local_short_form": "Tonga", - "former": "Friendly Islands" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "constitutional monarchy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Nuku'alofa", - "geographic_coordinates": "21 08 S, 175 12 W", - "time_difference": "UTC+13 (18 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "3 island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "National Day, 4 November (1875)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "4 November 1875; revised 1967" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "English common law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "21 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "King TUPOU VI (since 18 March 2012); note - King George TUPOU V died on 18 March 2012 in Hong Kong; he was succeeded by his brother Crown Prince TUPOUTO'A Lavaka, who took the throne name TUPOU VI", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Lord Siale'ataonga TU'IVAKANO (since 22 December 2010)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet is nominated by the prime minister and appointed by the monarch", - "note": "there is also a Privy Council that advises the monarch", - "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister elected by and from the members of parliament and appointed by the monarch", - "election_results": "Lord Siale'ataonga TU'IVAKANO elected by parliament on 21 December 2010 with 14 of 26 votes" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (26 seats - 9 for nobles elected from among the country's 29 nobles, 17 members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 25 November 2010 (next to be held in 2014)", - "election_results": "Peoples Representatives: percent of vote - independents 67.3%, Democratic Party 28.5%, other 4.2%; seats - Democratic Party 12, independents 5" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and a number of judges determined by the monarch); note - appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are brought before the King in Privy Council, the monarch's advisory organ that has both judicial and legislative powers", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judge appointments and tenures made by the King in Privy Council, judge appointments subject to consent of the Legislative Assembly", - "subordinate_courts": "Supreme Court; Magistrate's Courts; Land Courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands [Samuela 'Akilisi POHIVA]; People's Democratic Party or PDP [Tesina FUKO]; Sustainable Nation-Building Party [Sione FONUA]; Tonga Democratic Labor Party [NA]; Tonga Human Rights and Democracy Movement or THRDM [NA]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Human Rights and Democracy Movement Tonga or HRDMT [Rev. Simote VEA, chairman]; Public Servant's Association [Finau TUTONE]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Sonatane Tu'akinamolahi TAUMOEPEAU-TUPOU", - "chancery": "800 Second Avenue, Suite 400B, New York, NY 10017", - "telephone": "[1] (800) 345-6541", - "consulates_general": "San Francisco" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Tonga; the US ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner; the cross reflects the deep-rooted Christianity in Tonga; red represents the blood of Christ and his sacrifice; white signifies purity" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "red cross on white field; arms equal length" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Ko e fasi `o e tu\"i `o e `Otu Tonga\" (Song of the King of the Tonga Islands)", - "lyrics_music": "Uelingatoni Ngu TUPOUMALOHI/Karl Gustavus SCHMITT", - "note": "in use since 1875; the anthem is more commonly known as \"Fasi Fakafonua\" (National Song)" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Tonga has a small, open, South Pacific island economy. It has a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, vanilla beans, and yams are the main crops. Agricultural exports, including fish, make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. Tourism is the second-largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. Tonga had 39,000 visitors in 2006. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonably sound basic infrastructure and well developed social services. High unemployment among the young, moderate inflation, pressures for democratic reform, and rising civil service expenditures are major issues facing the government." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$801 million (2012 est.); $789.4 million (2011 est.); $778.8 million (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$476 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.4% (2012 est.); 1.5% (2011 est.); 1.6% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$7,700 (2012 est.); $7,600 (2011 est.); $7,500 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "97.7%", - "government_consumption": "17%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "29.2%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "17.5%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-61.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "20.9%", - "industry": "16.6%", - "services": "62.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "tourism, construction, fishing" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "39,960 (2007)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "31.8%", - "industry": "30.6%", - "services": "2,003% (2003 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "13% (FY03/04 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "24% (FY03/04)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$116.3 million", - "expenditures": "$116.3 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "24.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "0% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "1 July - 30 June" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "1.2% (2012 est.); 6.3% (2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "10.36% (31 December 2012 est.); 11.21% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$81.03 million (31 December 2012 est.); $66.56 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$169.2 million (31 December 2012 est.); $177.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$125.5 million (31 December 2012 est.); $132.1 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$48.1 million (2012 est.); -$29.8 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$8.4 million (2012 est.); $8 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "squash, fish, vanilla beans, root crops" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "South Korea 17.8%, US 16.4%, NZ 15.1%, Fiji 10.9%, Japan 9.2%, Samoa 9.1%, American Samoa 5.8%, Australia 5% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$121.9 million (2012 est.); $131 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Fiji 38%, NZ 23.5%, US 10.1%, China 9.9% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$152.4 million (31 December 2012 est.); $143.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$198.1 million (31 December 2012 est.); $190.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$61.43 million (31 December 2012 est.); $61.47 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "pa'anga (TOP) per US dollar -; 1.7195 (2012 est.); 1.729 (2011 est.); 1.906 (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "41 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "38.13 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "12,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2010 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "1,221 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "1,202 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "155,000 Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "30,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "55,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "competition between Tonga Telecommunications Corporation (TCC) and Shoreline Communications Tonga (SCT) is accelerating expansion of telecommunications; SCT granted approval to introduce high-speed digital service for telephone, Internet, and television while TCC has exclusive rights to operate the mobile-phone network; international telecom services are provided by government-owned Tonga Telecommunications International", - "domestic": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity about 80 telephones per 100 persons; fully automatic switched network", - "international": "country code - 676; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "2 state-owned TV stations and 2 privately owned TV stations; satellite and cable TV services are available; 2 state-owned and 3 privately owned radio stations; Radio Australia broadcasts available via satellite (2009)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".to" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "5,367 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "8,400 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "6 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "5", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "3", - "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "680 km", - "paved": "184 km", - "unpaved": "496 km (2000)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "7", - "by_type": "cargo 4, carrier 1, passenger/cargo 2", - "foreign_owned": "2 (Australia 1, UK 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Nuku'alofa, Neiafu, Pangai" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Tonga Defense Services (TDS): Land Force (Royal Guard), Maritime Force (includes Royal Marines, Air Wing) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "16 years of age for voluntary enlistment (with parental consent); no conscription; the king retains the right to call up \"all those capable of bearing arms\" in wartime (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "24,460", - "females_age_16_49": "24,041 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "20,956", - "females_age_16_49": "20,577 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "1,196", - "female": "1,134 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.9% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pacific/tv-tuvalu.json b/pacific/tv-tuvalu.json deleted file mode 100644 index 68d88be6..00000000 --- a/pacific/tv-tuvalu.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,417 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "In 1974, ethnic differences within the British colony of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands caused the Polynesians of the Ellice Islands to vote for separation from the Micronesians of the Gilbert Islands. The following year, the Ellice Islands became the separate British colony of Tuvalu. Independence was granted in 1978. In 2000, Tuvalu negotiated a contract leasing its Internet domain name \".tv\" for $50 million in royalties over a 12-year period." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Oceania, island group consisting of nine coral atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "8 00 S, 178 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Oceania" - }, - "area": { - "total": "26 sq km", - "land": "26 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "0.1 times the size of Washington, DC" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "24 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to November); westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "low-lying and narrow coral atolls" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "unnamed location 5 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "fish" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "0%", - "permanent_crops": "60%", - "other": "40% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "severe tropical storms are usually rare, but in 1997 there were three cyclones; low levels of islands make them sensitive to changes in sea level" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "since there are no streams or rivers and groundwater is not potable, most water needs must be met by catchment systems with storage facilities (the Japanese Government has built one desalination plant and plans to build one other); beachhead erosion because of the use of sand for building materials; excessive clearance of forest undergrowth for use as fuel; damage to coral reefs from the spread of the Crown of Thorns starfish; Tuvalu is concerned about global increases in greenhouse gas emissions and their effect on rising sea levels, which threaten the country's underground water table; in 2000, the government appealed to Australia and New Zealand to take in Tuvaluans if rising sea levels should make evacuation necessary" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "one of the smallest and most remote countries on Earth; six of the nine coral atolls - Nanumea, Nui, Vaitupu, Nukufetau, Funafuti, and Nukulaelae - have lagoons open to the ocean; Nanumaya and Niutao have landlocked lagoons; Niulakita does not have a lagoon" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Tuvaluan(s)", - "adjective": "Tuvaluan" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Polynesian 96%, Micronesian 4%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Tuvaluan (official), English (official), Samoan, Kiribati (on the island of Nui)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Protestant 98.4% (Church of Tuvalu (Congregationalist) 97%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.4%), Baha'i 1%, other 0.6%" - }, - "population": { - "text": "10,698 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "29.8% (male 1,637/female 1,555)", - "15_24_years": "20.9% (male 1,197/female 1,044)", - "25_54_years": "35.8% (male 1,846/female 1,985)", - "55_64_years": "8.1% (male 352/female 514)", - "65_years_and_over": "5.3% (male 238/female 330) (2013 est.)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "24.6 years", - "male": "23.4 years", - "female": "26.3 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.77% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "23.56 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "8.97 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-6.92 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "50% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.17 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.91 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.71 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.73 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.97 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "32.61 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "35.45 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "29.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "65.47 years", - "male": "63.36 years", - "female": "67.67 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "3.06 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "30.5% (2007)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "17.5% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.64 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "5.56 beds/1,000 population (2001)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 97% of population; total: 98% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 3% of population; total: 2% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 88% of population; rural: 81% of population; total: 85% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 12% of population; rural: 19% of population; total: 15% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "1.6% (2007)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "literacy": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "11 years", - "male": "10 years", - "female": "11 years (2001)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "none", - "conventional_short_form": "Tuvalu", - "local_long_form": "none", - "local_short_form": "Tuvalu", - "former": "Ellice Islands", - "note": "\"Tuvalu\" means \"group of eight\" referring to the country's eight traditionally inhabited islands" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Funafuti", - "geographic_coordinates": "8 31 S, 179 13 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "note": "administrative offices are in Vaiaku Village on Fongafale Islet" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "7 island councils and 1 town council*; Funafuti*, Nanumaga, Nanumea, Niutao, Nui, Nukufetau, Nukulaelae, Vaitupu" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "1 October 1978 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 1 October (1978)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "1 October 1978" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and local customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Iakoba TAEIA Italeli (since May 2010)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Enele SOPOAGA (since 5 August 2013)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister", - "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; prime minister and deputy prime minister elected by and from the members of parliament following parliamentary elections", - "election_results": "Willie TELAVI removed as prime minister by the governor-general on 1 August 2013; Enele SOPOAGA elected 4 August 2013 in a 8 to 5 vote by the House of Assembly" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament or Fale I Fono, also called House of Assembly (15 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 16 September 2010 (next to be held in 2014)", - "election_results": "percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 15; 10 members reelected" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Court of Appeal is the Fiji Court of Appeal on Fiji Island (consists of the chief justice who visits twice a year); High Court, located on Fiji, consists of the chief justice of Fiji who presides over its sessions", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "chief justice appointed by the president of Fiji on the advice of the prime minister following consultation with the parliamentary leader of the opposition; justices of the Court of Appeal, and puisne judges of the High Court are appointed by the president of Fiji, upon the nomination of the Judicial Service Commission, after consulting with the Cabinet Minister and the committee of the House of Representatives responsible for the administration of justice; the chief justice and justices of Appeal generally required to retire at age 70; puisine judges appointed for not less than 4 years nor more than 7 years with mandatory retirement at age 65", - "subordinate_courts": "magistrates' courts; island courts; lands courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "there are no political parties but members of parliament usually align themselves in informal groupings" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "none" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, FAO, IBRD, IDA, IFRCS (observer), ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Aunese Makoi SIMATI", - "chancery": "Note - Tuvalu does not have an embassy in Washington, D.C.; UN office located at 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400D, New York, NY 10017", - "telephone": "[1] (212) 490-0534", - "fax": "[1] (212) 937-0692" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Tuvalu; the US ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tuvalu" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the outer half of the flag represents a map of the country with nine yellow, five-pointed stars on a blue field symbolizing the nine atolls in the ocean" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Tuvalu mo te Atua\" (Tuvalu for the Almighty)", - "lyrics_music": "Afaese MANOA", - "note": "adopted 1978; the anthem's name is also the nation's motto" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Tuvalu consists of a densely populated, scattered group of nine coral atolls with poor soil. Only eight of the atolls are inhabited. The country has no known mineral resources and few exports and is almost entirely dependent upon imported food and fuel. Subsistence farming and fishing are the primary economic activities. Fewer than 1,000 tourists, on average, visit Tuvalu annually. Job opportunities are scarce and public sector workers make up most of those employed. About 15% of the adult male population work as seamen on merchant ships abroad, and remittances are a vital source of income contributing around $2 million in 2007. Substantial income is received annually from the Tuvalu Trust Fund (TTF) an international trust fund established in 1987 by Australia, NZ, and the UK and supported also by Japan and South Korea. Thanks to wise investments and conservative withdrawals, this fund grew from an initial $17 million to an estimated value of $77 million in 2006. The TTF contributed nearly $9 million towards the government budget in 2006 and is an important cushion for meeting shortfalls in the government's budget. The US Government is also a major revenue source for Tuvalu because of payments from a 1988 treaty on fisheries. In an effort to ensure financial stability and sustainability, the government is pursuing public sector reforms, including privatization of some government functions and personnel cuts. Tuvalu also derives royalties from the lease of its \".tv\" Internet domain name with revenue of more than $2 million in 2006. A minor source of government revenue comes from the sale of stamps and coins. With merchandise exports only a fraction of merchandise imports, continued reliance must be placed on fishing and telecommunications license fees, remittances from overseas workers, official transfers, and income from overseas investments. Growing income disparities and the vulnerability of the country to climatic change are among leading concerns for the nation." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$37.61 million (2012 est.); $37.25 million (2011 est.); $36.98 million (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$37 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.2% (2012 est.); 1.1% (2011 est.); -2.9% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$3,400 (2012 est.); $3,400 (2011 est.); $3,300 (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "16.6%", - "industry": "27.2%", - "services": "56.2% (2002)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "coconuts; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "fishing, tourism, copra" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "3,615 (2004 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "note": "people make a living mainly through exploitation of the sea, reefs, and atolls and from wages sent home by those abroad (mostly workers in the phosphate industry and sailors)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$21.54 million", - "expenditures": "$23.05 million (2006)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "58.2% of GDP (2006)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-4.1% of GDP (2006)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "3.8% (2006 est.)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$7.7 million (2010 est.); -$11.68 million (2003)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$600,000 (2010 est.); $1 million (2004 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "copra, fish" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$16.5 million (2010 est.); $12.91 million (2005)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "food, animals, mineral fuels, machinery, manufactured goods" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Tuvaluan dollars or Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar -; 0.9658 (2011); 1.67 (2011 est.); 1.67 (2010); 1.2822 (2009); 1.2059 (2008)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "1,400 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "2,100 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "serves particular needs for internal communications", - "domestic": "radiotelephone communications between islands", - "international": "country code - 688; international calls can be made by satellite (2007)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "no TV stations; many households use satellite dishes to watch foreign TV stations; 1 government-owned radio station, Radio Tuvalu, includes relays of programming from international broadcasters (2009)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".tv" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "145,158 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "4,200 (2008)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "8 km", - "paved": "8 km (2002)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "58", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 4, cargo 24, chemical tanker 15, container 1, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 10, refrigerated cargo 1", - "foreign_owned": "33 (China 4, Indonesia 1, Maldives 1, Singapore 19, South Korea 1, Turkey 1, Vietnam 6) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Funafuti" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "no regular military forces; Tuvalu Police Force (2012)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,021", - "females_age_16_49": "2,026 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "119", - "female": "111 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pacific/vu-vanuatu.json b/pacific/vu-vanuatu.json deleted file mode 100644 index 77149af2..00000000 --- a/pacific/vu-vanuatu.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,559 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Multiple waves of colonizers, each speaking a distinct language, migrated to the New Hebrides in the millennia preceding European exploration in the 18th century. This settlement pattern accounts for the complex linguistic diversity found on the archipelago to this day. The British and French, who settled the New Hebrides in the 19th century, agreed in 1906 to an Anglo-French Condominium, which administered the islands until independence in 1980, when the new name of Vanuatu was adopted." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to Australia" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "16 00 S, 167 00 E" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Oceania" - }, - "area": { - "total": "12,189 sq km", - "land": "12,189 sq km", - "water": "0 sq km", - "note": "includes more than 80 islands, about 65 of which are inhabited" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than Connecticut" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "2,528 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "measured from claimed archipelagic baselines", - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; moderated by southeast trade winds from May to October; moderate rainfall from November to April; may be affected by cyclones from December to April" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly mountainous islands of volcanic origin; narrow coastal plains" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Tabwemasana 1,877 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "manganese, hardwood forests, fish" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "1.64%", - "permanent_crops": "10.25%", - "other": "88.11% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "tropical cyclones or typhoons (January to April); volcanic eruption on Aoba (Ambae) island began on 27 November 2005, volcanism also causes minor earthquakes; tsunamis", - "volcanism": "significant volcanic activity with multiple eruptions in recent years; Yasur (elev. 361 m), one of the world's most active volcanoes, has experienced continuous activity in recent centuries; other historically active volcanoes include, Aoba, Ambrym, Epi, Gaua, Kuwae, Lopevi, Suretamatai, and Traitor's Head" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "most of the population does not have access to a reliable supply of potable water; deforestation" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "a Y-shaped chain of four main islands and 80 smaller islands; several of the islands have active volcanoes and there are several underwater volcanoes as well" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Ni-Vanuatu (singular and plural)", - "adjective": "Ni-Vanuatu" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Ni-Vanuatu 98.5%, other 1.5% (1999 Census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "local languages (more than 100) 72.6%, pidgin (known as Bislama or Bichelama - official) 23.1%, English (official) 1.9%, French (official) 1.4%, other 0.3%, unspecified 0.7% (1999 Census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Protestant 55.6% (Presbyterian 31.4%, Anglican 13.4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 10.8%), Roman Catholic 13.1%, other Christian 13.8%, indigenous beliefs 5.6% (including Jon Frum cargo cult), other 9.6%, none 1%, unspecified 1.3% (1999 Census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "261,565 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "37.9% (male 50,548/female 48,477)", - "15_24_years": "19.7% (male 25,685/female 25,900)", - "25_54_years": "34% (male 43,552/female 45,273)", - "55_64_years": "4.9% (male 6,493/female 6,289)", - "65_years_and_over": "3.6% (male 4,817/female 4,531) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "69.5 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "62.8 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.7 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "15 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "20.8 years", - "male": "20.4 years", - "female": "21.1 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.06% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "26.35 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "4.2 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-1.53 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "26% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "4.2% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.96 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.01 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "110 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "17.15 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "18.34 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "15.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "72.38 years", - "male": "70.83 years", - "female": "74 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "3.47 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "38.4% (2007)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "5.3% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.12 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.69 beds/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 87% of population; total: 90% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 13% of population; total: 10% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 64% of population; rural: 54% of population; total: 57% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 36% of population; rural: 46% of population; total: 43% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "27.5% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "11.7% (2007)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.2% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "83.2%", - "male": "NA 84.9%", - "female": "NA 81.6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "11 years", - "male": "11 years", - "female": "10 years (2004)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Vanuatu", - "conventional_short_form": "Vanuatu", - "local_long_form": "Ripablik blong Vanuatu", - "local_short_form": "Vanuatu", - "former": "New Hebrides" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Port-Vila (on Efate)", - "geographic_coordinates": "17 44 S, 168 19 E", - "time_difference": "UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "6 provinces; Malampa, Penama, Sanma, Shefa, Tafea, Torba" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "30 July 1980 (from France and the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 30 July (1980)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "30 July 1980" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law, French law, and customary law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Iolu Johnson ABBIL (since 3 September 2009)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Moana CARCASSES Kalosil (since 23 March 2013)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to parliament", - "elections": "president elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of parliament and the presidents of the regional councils; election for president last held on 2 September 2009 (next to be held in 2014); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by parliament from among its members; election for prime minister last held on 23 March 2013 (next to be held following general elections in 2016)", - "election_results": "Iolu Johnson ABBIL elected president, with 41 votes out of 58, on the third ballot on 2 September 2009; Moana CARCASSES Kalosil was elected prime minister following the resignation of Sato KILMAN on 21 March 2013" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament (52 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 30 October 2012 (next to be held in 2016)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - VP 8, PPP 6, UMP 5, GJP 4, NUP 4, IG 3, GC 3, NAG 3, RMC 3, MPP 2, NIPDP 2, PSP 1, VLDP 1, VNP 1, VPDP 1, VRP 1, and independent 4; note - political party associations are fluid", - "note": "the National Council of Chiefs advises on matters of culture and language" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of a chief justice and 3 judges); note - appeals from the Supreme Court are considered by the Court of Appeal, constituted by 2 or more judges of the Supreme Court sitting together", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the leader of the opposition; other judges are appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission, a 4-member advisory body; judges appointed until age of retirement", - "subordinate_courts": "magistrates' courts; island courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Greens Confederation or GC [Moana CARCASSES Kalosil]; Iauko Group or IG [NA]; Land and Justice Party (Graon mo Jastis Pati) or GJP [Ralph REGENVANU]; Melanesian Progressive Party or MPP [Barak SOPE]; Nagriamel movement or NAG [NA]; Natatok Indigenous People's Democratic Party or (NATATOK) or NIPDP [Alfred Roland CARLOT]; National United Party or NUP [Ham LINI]; People's Progressive Party or PPP [Sato KILMAN]; People's Service Party or PSP [Don KEN]; Reunification of Movement for Change or RMC [Charlot SALWAI]; Union of Moderate Parties or UMP [Serge VOHOR]; Vanua'aku Pati (Our Land Party) or VP [Edward NATAPEI]; Vanuatu Democratic Party [Maxime Carlot KORMAN]; Vanuatu Liberal Democratic Party or VLDP [Tapangararua WILLIE]; Vanuatu National Party or VNP [Issac HAMARILIU]; Vanuatu Progressive Development Party or VPDP [Robert Bohn SIKOL]; Vanuatu Republican Party or VRP [Marcellino PIPITE]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, IOC, IOM, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "text": "Vanuatu does not have an embassy in the US; it does, however, have a Permanent Mission to the UN" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Vanuatu; the US ambassador to Papua New Guinea is accredited to Vanuatu" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a black isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) all separated by a black-edged yellow stripe in the shape of a horizontal Y (the two points of the Y face the hoist side and enclose the triangle); centered in the triangle is a boar's tusk encircling two crossed namele fern fronds, all in yellow; red represents the blood of boars and men, green the richness of the islands, and black the ni-Vanuatu people; the yellow Y-shape - which reflects the pattern of the islands in the Pacific Ocean - symbolizes the light of the Gospel spreading through the islands; the boar's tusk is a symbol of prosperity frequently worn as a pendant on the islands; the fern fronds represent peace" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "boar's tusk" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Yumi, Yumi, Yumi\" (We, We, We)", - "lyrics_music": "Francois Vincent AYSSAV", - "note": "adopted 1980, the anthem is written in Bislama, a Creole language that mixes Pidgin English and French" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "This South Pacific island economy is based primarily on small-scale agriculture, which provides a living for about two-thirds of the population. Fishing, offshore financial services, and tourism, with nearly 197,000 visitors in 2008, are other mainstays of the economy. Mineral deposits are negligible; the country has no known petroleum deposits. A small light industry sector caters to the local market. Tax revenues come mainly from import duties. Economic development is hindered by dependence on relatively few commodity exports, vulnerability to natural disasters, and long distances from main markets and between constituent islands. In response to foreign concerns, the government has promised to tighten regulation of its offshore financial center. In mid-2002, the government stepped up efforts to boost tourism through improved air connections, resort development, and cruise ship facilities. Agriculture, especially livestock farming, is a second target for growth. Australia and New Zealand are the main suppliers of tourists and foreign aid." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$1.251 billion (2012 est.); $1.219 billion (2011 est.); $1.201 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$783 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.7% (2012 est.); 1.4% (2011 est.); 1.6% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$5,000 (2012 est.); $5,000 (2011 est.); $5,000 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "58.5%", - "government_consumption": "16.5%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "22.2%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "52.2%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-49.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "20.6%", - "industry": "11.7%", - "services": "67.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "copra, coconuts, cocoa, coffee, taro, yams, fruits, vegetables; beef; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "food and fish freezing, wood processing, meat canning" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "115,900 (2007)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "65%", - "industry": "5%", - "services": "30% (2000 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "1.7% (1999)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$159.5 million", - "expenditures": "$181 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "20.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-2.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "1.4% (2012 est.); 0.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "20% (31 December 2010 est.); 6% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "6% (31 December 2012 est.); 5.5% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$264 million (31 December 2012 est.); $239.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$610.8 million (31 December 2012 est.); $612.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$515.2 million (31 December 2012 est.); $512.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$126.9 million (2011 est.); -$105.2 million (2010 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$55.9 million (2012 est.); $67.4 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "copra, beef, cocoa, timber, kava, coffee" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Thailand 59.9%, Japan 20.9% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$316.4 million (2012 est.); $310.2 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, fuels" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 19.9%, Singapore 18.6%, US 14.8%, Japan 11.4%, Australia 10.3%, Fiji 5.7%, NZ 4.7% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$207.7 million (31 December 2012 est.); $173.8 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$307.7 million (31 December 2011 est.); $258.9 million (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$571.1 million (31 December 2012 est.); $527.1 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$23.3 million (31 December 2012 est.); $23.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "vatu (VUV) per US dollar -; 92.81 (2012 est.); 89.47 (2011 est.); 96.91 (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "55 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "51.15 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "12,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "1,170 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "676.4 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "146,500 Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "6,200 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "137,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "international": "country code - 678; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "1 state-owned TV station; multi-channel pay TV is available; state-owned Radio Vanuatu operates 2 radio stations; 2 privately owned radio broadcasters; programming from multiple international broadcasters is available (2008)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".vu" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "5,655 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "17,000 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "31 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "3", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "28", - "914_to_1_523_m": "7", - "under_914_m": "21 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "1,070 km", - "paved": "256 km", - "unpaved": "814 km (1999)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "77", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 38, cargo 8, chemical tanker 2, container 1, liquefied gas 2, passenger 1, refrigerated cargo 24, vehicle carrier 1", - "foreign_owned": "72 (Belgium 1, Canada 5, China 1, Greece 3, Japan 39, Norway 1, Poland 9, Russia 7, Singapore 2, Taiwan 1, UAE 1, US 2) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Forari Bay, Luganville (Santo, Espiritu Santo), Port-Vila" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "no regular military forces; Vanuatu Police Force (VPF), Vanuatu Mobile Force (VMF; includes Police Maritime Wing (PMW)) (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "62,216 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "43,331", - "females_age_16_49": "44,927 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "2,323", - "female": "2,230 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Matthew and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia claimed by Vanuatu and France" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pacific/ws-samoa.json b/pacific/ws-samoa.json deleted file mode 100644 index 2878b95b..00000000 --- a/pacific/ws-samoa.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,558 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "New Zealand occupied the German protectorate of Western Samoa at the outbreak of World War I in 1914. It continued to administer the islands as a mandate and then as a trust territory until 1962, when the islands became the first Polynesian nation to reestablish independence in the 20th century. The country dropped the \"Western\" from its name in 1997." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about half way between Hawaii and New Zealand" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "13 35 S, 172 20 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Oceania" - }, - "area": { - "total": "2,831 sq km", - "land": "2,821 sq km", - "water": "10 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Rhode Island" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "0 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "403 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to October)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "two main islands (Savaii, Upolu) and several smaller islands and uninhabited islets; narrow coastal plain with volcanic, rocky, rugged mountains in interior" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Mount Silisili 1,857 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "hardwood forests, fish, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "2.82%", - "permanent_crops": "7.75%", - "other": "89.44% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "occasional typhoons; active volcanism", - "volcanism": "Savai'I Island (elev. 1,858 m), which last erupted in 1911, is historically active" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "soil erosion, deforestation, invasive species, overfishing" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "occupies an almost central position within Polynesia" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Samoan(s)", - "adjective": "Samoan" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Samoan 92.6%, Euronesians (persons of European and Polynesian blood) 7%, Europeans 0.4% (2001 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Samoan (Polynesian) (official), English" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Protestant 59.9% (Congregationalist 34.8%, Methodist 15%, Assembly of God 6.6%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3.5%), Roman Catholic 19.6%, Mormon 12.7%, Worship Centre 1.3%, other Christian 4.5%, other 1.9%, unspecified 0.1% (2001 census)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "195,476 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "prior estimates used official net migration data by sex, but a highly unusual pattern for 1993 lead to a significant imbalance in the sex ratios (more men and fewer women) and a seeming reduction in the female population; the revised total was calculated using a 1993 number that was an average of the 1992 and 1994 migration figures" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "34% (male 34,291/female 32,170)", - "15_24_years": "20.1% (male 20,150/female 19,129)", - "25_54_years": "34.9% (male 35,391/female 32,746)", - "55_64_years": "5.7% (male 5,637/female 5,489)", - "65_years_and_over": "5.4% (male 4,583/female 5,890) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "75.1 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "66.1 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "9 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "11.1 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "22.7 years", - "male": "22.5 years", - "female": "22.9 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.59% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "21.7 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "5.33 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-10.46 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "20% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "APIA (capital) 36,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.09 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.78 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.05 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "23.6", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2009 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "100 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "20.95 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "24.8 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "16.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "72.94 years", - "male": "70.06 years", - "female": "75.97 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "3.03 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "28.7% (2009)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "6.5% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.27 physicians/1,000 population (2005)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "0.97 beds/1,000 population (2005)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 96% of population; rural: 96% of population; total: 96% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 4% of population; rural: 4% of population; total: 4% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 98% of population; total: 98% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 2% of population; total: 2% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "54.1% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.8% of GDP (2008)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "98.8%", - "male": "99%", - "female": "98.6% (2003 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "12 years", - "male": "12 years", - "female": "13 years (2005)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "12.2%", - "male": "10.6%", - "female": "15.5% (2001)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Independent State of Samoa", - "conventional_short_form": "Samoa", - "local_long_form": "Malo Sa'oloto Tuto'atasi o Samoa", - "local_short_form": "Samoa", - "former": "Western Samoa" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "parliamentary democracy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Apia", - "geographic_coordinates": "13 49 S, 171 46 W", - "time_difference": "UTC+13 (18 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) +1hr, begins last Sunday in September; ends first Sunday in April" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "11 districts; A'ana, Aiga-i-le-Tai, Atua, Fa'asaleleaga, Gaga'emauga, Gagaifomauga, Palauli, Satupa'itea, Tuamasaga, Va'a-o-Fonoti, Vaisigano" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "1 January 1962 (from New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day Celebration, 1 June (1962); note - 1 January 1962 is the date of independence from the New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship; it is observed in June" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "1 January 1962" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts with respect to fundamental rights of the citizen" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "21 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "TUI ATUA Tupua Tamasese Efi (since 20 June 2007)", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister TUILA'EPA Lupesoliai Sailele Malielegaoi (since 1998); Deputy Prime Minister FONOTOE Pierre Lauofo (since 2011)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet consists of 12 members appointed by the chief of state on the prime minister's advice", - "elections": "chief of state elected by the Legislative Assembly to serve a five-year term (no term limits); election last held on 20 July 2012 (next to be held in 2017); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party usually appointed prime minister by the chief of state with the approval of the Legislative Assembly", - "election_results": "TUI ATUA Tupua Tamasese Efi unanimously elected by the Legislative Assembly" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fono (49 seats, 47 members elected by voters affiliated with traditional village-based electoral districts, 2 elected by independent, mostly non-Samoan or part-Samoan, voters who cannot (or choose not to) establish a village affiliation; only chiefs (matai) may stand for election to the Fono from the 47 village-based electorates; members serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "election last held on 4 March 2011 (next election to be held not later than March 2016)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - HRPP 29, Tautua Samoa 13, independents 7" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Court of Appeal (consists of the chief justice and 2 Supreme Court judges and meets once or twice a year); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and several judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "chief justice appointed by the head of state upon the advice of the prime minister; other Supreme Court judges appointed by the Judicial Service Commission, a 3-member body chaired by the chief justice and includes the attorney general and an appointee of the Minister of Justice; judges normally appointed until retirement at age 68", - "subordinate_courts": "District Court; Magistrates' Courts; Land and Titles Courts; village fono or village chief councils" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Human Rights Protection Party or HRPP [Sailele Malielegaoi TUILA'EPA]; Samoa Christian Party or TCP [Tuala Tiresa MALIETOA]; Samoa Progressive Political Party or SPPP; Tautua Samoa [Palusalue FA'APO II]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Aliioaiga Feturi ELISAIA", - "chancery": "800 Second Avenue, Suite 400J, New York, NY 10017", - "telephone": "[1] (212) 599-6196 through 6197", - "fax": "[1] (212) 599-0797", - "consulates_general": "Pago Pago (American Samoa)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "US Ambassador to New Zealand is accredited to Samoa", - "embassy": "Accident Corporation Building, 5th Floor, Matafele, Apia", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 3430, Matafele, Apia", - "telephone": "[685] 21436/21631/21452/22696", - "fax": "[685] 22030" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side quadrant bearing five white five-pointed stars representing the Southern Cross constellation; red stands for courage, blue represents freedom, and white signifies purity" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Southern Cross constellation (five, five-pointed stars)" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"O le Fu'a o le Sa'olotoga o Samoa\" (The Banner of Freedom)", - "lyrics_music": "Sauni Liga KURESA", - "note": "adopted 1962; the anthem is also known as \"Samoa Tula'i\" (Samoa Arise)" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "The economy of Samoa has traditionally been dependent on development aid, family remittances from overseas, agriculture, and fishing. The country is vulnerable to devastating storms. Agriculture employs roughly two-thirds of the labor force and furnishes 90% of exports, featuring coconut cream, coconut oil, and copra. The manufacturing sector mainly processes agricultural products. One factory in the Foreign Trade Zone employs 3,000 people to make automobile electrical harnesses for an assembly plant in Australia. Tourism is an expanding sector accounting for 25% of GDP; 122,000 tourists visited the islands in 2007. In late September 2009, an earthquake and the resulting tsunami severely damaged Samoa, and nearby American Samoa, disrupting transportation and power generation, and resulting in about 200 deaths. In December 2012, extensive flooding and wind damage from Tropical Cyclone Evan killed four people, displaced over 6,000, and damaged or destroyed an estimated 1,500 homes in Samoa's Upolu island. The Samoan Government has called for deregulation of the financial sector, encouragement of investment, and continued fiscal discipline, while at the same time protecting the environment. Observers point to the flexibility of the labor market as a basic strength for future economic advances. Foreign reserves are in a relatively healthy state, the external debt is stable, and inflation is low." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$1.146 billion (2012 est.); $1.132 billion (2011 est.); $1.11 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$683 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.2% (2012 est.); 2% (2011 est.); 0.4% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$6,300 (2012 est.); $6,200 (2011 est.); $6,100 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "9.4%", - "industry": "26.5%", - "services": "64.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "coconuts, bananas, taro, yams, coffee, cocoa" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "food processing, building materials, auto parts" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "47,930 (2011 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "65%", - "industry": "NA%", - "services": "NA%" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$233.4 million", - "expenditures": "$263.9 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "34.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-4.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "June 1 - May 31" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "2.1% (2012 est.); 5.2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "9.86% (31 December 2012 est.); 9.97% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$97.71 million (31 December 2012 est.); $94.92 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$327.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $307.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$312.1 million (31 December 2012 est.); $304 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$76.11 million (2011 est.); -$58.66 million (2010 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$11.4 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "fish, coconut oil and cream, copra, taro, automotive parts, garments, beer" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "American Samoa 50.4%, Australia 22.6% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$318.7 million (2011 est.); $280 million (2010 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery and equipment, industrial supplies, foodstuffs" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Fiji 19%, NZ 18.8%, Singapore 18.2%, China 15.5%, Australia 5.8%, US 5.3% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$168.7 million (31 December 2012 est.); $166.8 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$368.3 million (31 December 2011 est.); $235.5 million (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "tala (SAT) per US dollar -; 2.2923 (2012 est.); 2.3175 (2011 est.); 2.4847 (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "104.2 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "96.91 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "41,100 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "70.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "29.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "1,070 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "1,125 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "147,400 Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "35,300 (2010)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "167,400 (2010)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "adequate", - "domestic": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 100 telephones per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 685; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2007)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-owned TV station privatized in 2008; 4 privately-owned television broadcast stations; about a half dozen privately owned radio stations and one state-owned radio station; TV and radio broadcasts of several stations from American Samoa are available (2009)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ws" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "18,013 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "9,000 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "4 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "3", - "under_914_m": "3 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "2,337 km", - "paved": "332 km", - "unpaved": "2,005 km (2001)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "2", - "by_type": "cargo 1, passenger/cargo 1", - "foreign_owned": "1 (NZ 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Apia" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "no regular military forces; Samoa Police Force (2008)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "47,906 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "38,260", - "females_age_16_49": "38,032 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "2,221", - "female": "2,062 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "military_note": { - "text": "Samoa has no formal defense structure or regular armed forces; informal defense ties exist with NZ, which is required to consider any Samoan request for assistance under the 1962 Treaty of Friendship" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "none" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/south-america/ar-argentina.json b/south-america/ar-argentina.json deleted file mode 100644 index b68eb34f..00000000 --- a/south-america/ar-argentina.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,638 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "In 1816, the United Provinces of the Rio Plata declared their independence from Spain. After Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay went their separate ways, the area that remained became Argentina. The country's population and culture were heavily shaped by immigrants from throughout Europe, with Italy and Spain providing the largest percentage of newcomers from 1860 to 1930. Up until about the mid-20th century, much of Argentina's history was dominated by periods of internal political conflict between Federalists and Unitarians and between civilian and military factions. After World War II, an era of Peronist populism and direct and indirect military interference in subsequent governments was followed by a military junta that took power in 1976. Democracy returned in 1983 after a failed bid to seize the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) by force, and has persisted despite numerous challenges, the most formidable of which was a severe economic crisis in 2001-02 that led to violent public protests and the successive resignations of several presidents. In January 2013, Argentina assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2013-14 term." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Chile and Uruguay" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "34 00 S, 64 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "South America" - }, - "area": { - "total": "2,780,400 sq km", - "land": "2,736,690 sq km", - "water": "43,710 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly less than three-tenths the size of the US" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "9,861 km", - "border_countries": "Bolivia 832 km, Brazil 1,261 km, Chile 5,308 km, Paraguay 1,880 km, Uruguay 580 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "4,989 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "rich plains of the Pampas in northern half, flat to rolling plateau of Patagonia in south, rugged Andes along western border" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Laguna del Carbon -105 m (located between Puerto San Julian and Comandante Luis Piedra Buena in the province of Santa Cruz)", - "highest_point": "Cerro Aconcagua 6,960 m (located in the northwestern corner of the province of Mendoza; highest point in South America)" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "fertile plains of the pampas, lead, zinc, tin, copper, iron ore, manganese, petroleum, uranium" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "13.68%", - "permanent_crops": "0.36%", - "other": "85.96% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "15,500 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "814 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "32.57 cu km/yr (23%/13%/64%)", - "per_capita": "864.9 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "San Miguel de Tucuman and Mendoza areas in the Andes subject to earthquakes; pamperos are violent windstorms that can strike the pampas and northeast; heavy flooding in some areas", - "volcanism": "volcanic activity in the Andes Mountains along the Chilean border; Copahue (elev. 2,997 m) last erupted in 2000; other historically active volcanoes include Llullaillaco, Maipo, Planchon-Peteroa, San Jose, Tromen, Tupungatito, and Viedma" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "environmental problems (urban and rural) typical of an industrializing economy such as deforestation, soil degradation, desertification, air pollution, and water pollution", - "note": "Argentina is a world leader in setting voluntary greenhouse gas targets" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Marine Life Conservation" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "second-largest country in South America (after Brazil); strategic location relative to sea lanes between the South Atlantic and the South Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage); diverse geophysical landscapes range from tropical climates in the north to tundra in the far south; Cerro Aconcagua is the Western Hemisphere's tallest mountain, while Laguna del Carbon is the lowest point in the Western Hemisphere" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Argentine(s)", - "adjective": "Argentine" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "white (mostly Spanish and Italian) 97%, mestizo (mixed white and Amerindian ancestry), Amerindian, or other non-white groups 3%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Spanish (official), Italian, English, German, French, indigenous (Mapudungun, Quechua)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "nominally Roman Catholic 92% (less than 20% practicing), Protestant 2%, Jewish 2%, other 4%" - }, - "demographic_profile": { - "text": "Argentina's population continues to grow but at a slower rate because of its steadily declining birth rate. Argentina's fertility decline began earlier than in the rest of Latin America, occurring most rapidly between the early 20th century and the 1950s and then becoming more gradual. Life expectancy has been improving, most notably among the young and the poor. While the population under age 15 is shrinking, the youth cohort - ages 15-24 - is the largest in Argentina's history and will continue to bolster the working-age population. If this large working-age population is well-educated and gainfully employed, Argentina is likely to experience an economic boost and possibly higher per capita savings and investment. Although literacy and primary school enrollment are nearly universal, grade repetition is problematic and secondary school completion is low. Both of these issues vary widely by region and socioeconomic group. Argentina has been primarily a country of immigration for most of its history, welcoming European immigrants after its independence in the 19th century and attracting especially large numbers from Spain and Italy. European immigration diminished in the 1950s, when Argentina's military dictatorships tightened immigration rules and European economies rebounded. Regional migration, however, continued to supply low-skilled workers and today it accounts for three-quarters of Argentina's immigrant population. The first waves of highly skilled Argentine emigrant workers headed mainly to the United States and Spain in the 1960s and 1970s. The ongoing European economic crisis is driving the return migration of some Argentinean and other Latin American nationals, as well as the immigration of Europeans to South America, where Argentina is a key recipient." - }, - "population": { - "text": "42,610,981 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "25.1% (male 5,468,773/female 5,217,256)", - "15_24_years": "15.8% (male 3,436,816/female 3,296,788)", - "25_54_years": "38.8% (male 8,238,184/female 8,290,649)", - "55_64_years": "9.1% (male 1,871,644/female 1,990,790)", - "65_years_and_over": "11.3% (male 1,987,344/female 2,812,737) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "54.3 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "37.4 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "16.9 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "5.9 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "31 years", - "male": "29.9 years", - "female": "32.1 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.98% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "17.12 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "7.35 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "92% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "BUENOS AIRES (capital) 13.528 million; Cordoba 1.493 million; Rosario 1.231 million; Mendoza 917,000; San Miguel de Tucuman 831,000 (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.94 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.7 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.97 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "77 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "10.24 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "11.45 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "8.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "77.32 years", - "male": "74.09 years", - "female": "80.73 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.27 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "78.9% (2004/05)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "8.1% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "3.16 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "4.5 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 80% of population; total: 97% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 20% of population; total: 3% of population (2008 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 92% of population; rural: 77% of population; total: 91% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 8% of population; rural: 23% of population; total: 9% of population (2000 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.5% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "110,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "2,900 (2009 est.)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "29.7% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "2.3% (2005)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.8% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 10 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "97.9%", - "male": "97.8%", - "female": "97.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "16 years", - "male": "15 years", - "female": "18 years (2010)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "435,252", - "percentage": "7 %", - "note": "data represents children ages 5-13 (2003 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "18.7%", - "male": "16.5%", - "female": "22.2% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Argentine Republic", - "conventional_short_form": "Argentina", - "local_long_form": "Republica Argentina", - "local_short_form": "Argentina" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Buenos Aires", - "geographic_coordinates": "34 35 S, 58 40 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "none scheduled for 2013" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "23 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 autonomous city*; Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Chubut, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires*, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, Tierra del Fuego - Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur (Tierra del Fuego), Tucuman", - "note": "the US does not recognize any claims to Antarctica" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "9 July 1816 (from Spain)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Revolution Day, 25 May (1810)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "1 May 1853; amended many times starting in 1860" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system based on West European legal systems; note - efforts at civil code reform begun in the mid-1980s has stagnated" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18-70 years of age; universal and compulsory; 16-17 years of age - optional" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER (since 10 December 2007); Vice President Amado BOUDOU (since 10 December 2011); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER (since 10 December 2007); Vice President Amado BOUDOU (since 10 December 2011)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president", - "elections": "president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms (eligible for a second term); election last held on 23 October 2011 (next election to be held in October 2015)", - "election_results": "Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER reelected president; percent of vote - Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER 54%, Hermes BINNER 16.9%, Ricardo ALFONSIN 11.1%, Alberto Rodriguez SAA 8%, Eduardo DUHALDE 5.9%, other 4.1%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of the Senate (72 seats; members are elected by direct vote; presently one-third of the members elected every two years to serve six-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies (257 seats; members are elected by direct vote; one-half of the members elected every two years to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "Senate - last held on 23 October 2011 (next to be held on 27 October 2013); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 23 October 2011 (next to be held on 27 October 2013)", - "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by bloc or party - NA; seats by bloc or party - FpV 38, UCR 17, PJ Disidente 10, FAP 4, other 3; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by bloc or party - NA; seats by bloc or party - FpV 134, UCR 41, PJ Disidente 28, FAP 22, PRO 11, CC 7, other 14; note - as of 1 January 2013, the composition of the entire legislature is as follows: Senate - seats by bloc or party - FpV 32, UCR 14, PJ Disidente 9, minor parties allied with the FpV 6, FAP 4, other 7; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by bloc or party - NA; seats by bloc or party - FpV 116, UCR 40, PJ Disidente 22, FAP 22, minor parties allied with the FpV 20, PRO 11, CC 6, other 20" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (consists of the court president, vice-president, and 5 judges) note - Argentina has a system of federal and provincial courts", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges nominated by the president and approved by the Senate; judges serve for life", - "subordinate_courts": "federal level appellate, district, and territorial courts; provincial level supreme, appellate, and first instance courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Broad Progressive Front or FAP [Hermes BINNER]; Civic Coalition or CC (a broad coalition loosely affiliated with Elisa CARRIO); Dissident Peronists (PJ Disidente) or Federal Peronism (a sector of the Justicialist Party opposed to the Kirchners); Front for Victory or FpV (a broad coalition, including elements of the PJ, UCR, and numerous provincial parties) [Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER]; Peronist (or Justicialist) Party or PJ [vacant]; Radical Civic Union or UCR [Mario BARLETTA]; Republican Proposal or PRO [Mauricio MACRI]; Socialist Party or PS [Ruben GIUSTINIANI]; numerous provincial parties" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Argentine Association of Pharmaceutical Labs (CILFA); Argentine Industrial Union (manufacturers' association); Argentine Rural Confederation or CRA (small to medium landowners' association); Argentine Rural Society (large landowners' association); Central of Argentine Workers or CTA (a union for employed and unemployed workers); General Confederation of Labor or CGT (Peronist-leaning umbrella labor organization); Roman Catholic Church; White and Blue CGT (dissident CGT labor confederation)", - "other": "business organizations, Peronist-dominated labor movement, Piquetero groups (popular protest organizations that can be either pro or anti-government), students" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BCIE, BIS, CAN (associate), CD, CELAC, FAO, FATF, G-15, G-20, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Paris Club (associate), PCA, SICA (observer), UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina (observer), UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Cecilia NAHON", - "chancery": "1600 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 238-6400", - "fax": "[1] (202) 332-3171", - "consulates_general": "Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Vilma MARTINEZ", - "embassy": "Avenida Colombia 4300, C1425GMN Buenos Aires", - "mailing_address": "international mail: use embassy street address; APO address: US Embassy Buenos Aires, Unit 4334, APO AA 34034", - "telephone": "[54] (11) 5777-4533", - "fax": "[54] (11) 5777-4240" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of light blue (top), white, and light blue; centered in the white band is a radiant yellow sun with a human face known as the Sun of May; the colors represent the clear skies and snow of the Andes; the sun symbol commemorates the appearance of the sun through cloudy skies on 25 May 1810 during the first mass demonstration in favor of independence; the sun features are those of Inti, the Inca god of the sun" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Sun of May (a sun-with-face symbol)" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Himno Nacional Argentino\" (Argentine National Anthem)", - "lyrics_music": "Vicente LOPEZ y PLANES/Jose Blas PARERA", - "note": "adopted 1813; Vicente LOPEZ was inspired to write the anthem after watching a play about the 1810 May Revolution against Spain" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Argentina benefits from rich natural resources, a highly literate population, an export-oriented agricultural sector, and a diversified industrial base. Although one of the world's wealthiest countries 100 years ago, Argentina suffered during most of the 20th century from recurring economic crises, persistent fiscal and current account deficits, high inflation, mounting external debt, and capital flight. A severe depression, growing public and external indebtedness, and an unprecedented bank run culminated in 2001 in the most serious economic, social, and political crisis in the country's turbulent history. Interim President Adolfo RODRIGUEZ SAA declared a default - at the time the largest ever - on the government's foreign debt in December of that year, and abruptly resigned only a few days after taking office. His successor, Eduardo DUHALDE, announced an end to the peso's decade-long 1-to-1 peg to the US dollar in early 2002. The economy bottomed out that year, with real GDP 18% smaller than in 1998 and almost 60% of Argentines under the poverty line. Real GDP rebounded to grow by an average 8.5% annually over the subsequent six years, taking advantage of previously idled industrial capacity and labor, an audacious debt restructuring and reduced debt burden, excellent international financial conditions, and expansionary monetary and fiscal policies. Inflation also increased, however, during the administration of President Nestor KIRCHNER, which responded with price restraints on businesses, as well as export taxes and restraints, and beginning in 2007, with understating inflation data. Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER succeeded her husband as President in late 2007, and the rapid economic growth of previous years began to slow sharply the following year as government policies held back exports and the world economy fell into recession. The economy in 2010 rebounded strongly from the 2009 recession, but has slowed since late 2011 even as the government continued to rely on expansionary fiscal and monetary policies, which have kept inflation in the double digits. The government expanded state intervention in the economy throughout 2012. In May the Congress approved the nationalization of the oil company YPF from Spain's Repsol. The government expanded formal and informal measures to restrict imports during the year, including a requirement for pre-registration and pre-approval of all imports. In July the government also further tightened currency controls in an effort to bolster foreign reserves and stem capital flight." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$755.3 billion (2012 est.); $741.3 billion (2011 est.); $680.9 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$475 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.9% (2012 est.); 8.9% (2011 est.); 9.2% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$18,400 (2012 est.); $18,300 (2011 est.); $17,000 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "24.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 25.8% of GDP (2011 est.); 24.8% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "57.1%", - "government_consumption": "16.6%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "21.8%", - "investment_in_inventories": "2.2%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "19.7%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-17.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "9.1%", - "industry": "30.5%", - "services": "60.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "sunflower seeds, lemons, soybeans, grapes, corn, tobacco, peanuts, tea, wheat; livestock" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.4%", - "note": "based on private estimates (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "17.05 million", - "note": "urban areas only (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "5%", - "industry": "23%", - "services": "72% (2009 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "7.2% (2012 est.); 7.2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "30%", - "note": "data are based on private estimates (2010)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1.5%", - "highest_10%": "32.3% (2010 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "45.8 (2009)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$121.3 billion", - "expenditures": "$133.6 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "25.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-2.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "43.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 41.7% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "25.3% (2012 est.); 24.4% (2011 est.)", - "note": "data are derived from private estimates" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "NA%" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "14.06% (31 December 2012 est.); 14.09% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$65.57 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $50.25 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$148.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $123.7 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$161.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $132.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$43.58 billion (31 December 2011); $63.91 billion (31 December 2010); $48.93 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$1.433 billion (2012 est.); -$6 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$81.21 billion (2012 est.); $83.95 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "soybeans and derivatives, petroleum and gas, vehicles, corn, wheat" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Brazil 19.7%, China 7.2%, Chile 5.8%, US 5% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$65.56 billion (2012 est.); $70.74 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery, motor vehicles, petroleum and natural gas, organic chemicals, plastics" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Brazil 26.9%, US 15.4%, China 11.8%, Germany 4.5% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$43.25 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $46.35 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$141.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $140.7 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$107.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $94.86 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$32.95 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $31.86 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Argentine pesos (ARS) per US dollar -; 4.5369 (2012 est.); 4.1101 (2011 est.); 3.8963 (2010 est.); 3.7101 (2009); 3.1636 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "116 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "104.2 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "1.701 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "10.3 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "32.07 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "65.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "3.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "28.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "734,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "93,600 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "2.82 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "604,200 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "678,100 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "66,700 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "37,260 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "40.1 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "43.29 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "420 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "3.61 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "378.8 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "169.8 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "10.14 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "55 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "in 1998 Argentina opened its telecommunications market to competition and foreign investment encouraging the growth of modern telecommunications technology; fiber-optic cable trunk lines are being installed between all major cities; major networks are entirely digital and the availability of telephone service is improving", - "domestic": "microwave radio relay, fiber-optic cable, and a domestic satellite system with 40 earth stations serve the trunk network; fixed-line teledensity is increasing gradually and mobile-cellular subscribership is increasing rapidly; broadband Internet services are gaining ground", - "international": "country code - 54; landing point for the Atlantis-2, UNISUR, South America-1, and South American Crossing/Latin American Nautilus submarine cable systems that provide links to Europe, Africa, South and Central America, and US; satellite earth stations - 112; 2 international gateways near Buenos Aires (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "government owns a TV station and a radio network; more than 2 dozen TV stations and hundreds of privately owned radio stations; high rate of cable TV subscription usage (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ar" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "11.232 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "13.694 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "1,138 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "161", - "over_3_047_m": "4", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "29", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "65", - "914_to_1_523_m": "53", - "under_914_m": "10 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "977", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "43", - "914_to_1_523_m": "484", - "under_914_m": "448 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "2 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 29,930 km; liquid petroleum gas 41 km; oil 6,248 km; refined products 3,631 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "36,966 km", - "broad_gauge": "26,475 km 1.676-m gauge (94 km electrified)", - "standard_gauge": "2,780 km 1.435-m gauge (42 km electrified)", - "narrow_gauge": "7,711 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "231,374 km", - "paved": "69,412 km (includes 734 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "161,962 km (2004)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "11,000 km (2012)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "36", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 1, cargo 5, chemical tanker 6, container 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 18, refrigerated cargo 4", - "foreign_owned": "14 (Brazil 1, Chile 6, Spain 3, Taiwan 2, UK 2)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "15 (Liberia 1, Panama 5, Paraguay 5, Uruguay 1, unknown 3) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, La Plata, Punta Colorada, Ushuaia", - "river_ports": "Arroyo Seco, Rosario, San Lorenzo-San Martin (Parana)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Argentine Army (Ejercito Argentino), Navy of the Argentine Republic (Armada Republica; includes naval aviation and naval infantry), Argentine Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Argentina, FAA) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-24 years of age for voluntary military service (18-21 requires parental consent); no conscription; if the number of volunteers fails to meet the quota of recruits for a particular year, Congress can authorize the conscription of citizens turning 18 that year for a period not exceeding one year (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "10,038,967", - "females_age_16_49": "9,959,134 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "8,458,362", - "females_age_16_49": "8,414,460 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "339,503", - "female": "323,170 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.5% of GDP (2012)" - }, - "military_note": { - "text": "the Argentine military is a well-organized force constrained by the country's prolonged economic hardship; the country has recently experienced a strong recovery, and the military is implementing a modernization plan aimed at making the ground forces lighter and more responsive (2008)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Argentina continues to assert its claims to the UK-administered Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia, and the South Sandwich Islands in its constitution, forcibly occupying the Falklands in 1982, but in 1995 agreed to no longer seek settlement by force; UK continues to reject Argentine requests for sovereignty talks; territorial claim in Antarctica partially overlaps UK and Chilean claims; uncontested dispute between Brazil and Uruguay over Braziliera/Brasiliera Island in the Quarai/Cuareim River leaves the tripoint with Argentina in question; in 2010, the ICJ ruled in favor of Uruguay's operation of two paper mills on the Uruguay River, which forms the border with Argentina; the two countries formed a joint pollution monitoring regime; the joint boundary commission, established by Chile and Argentina in 2001 has yet to map and demarcate the delimited boundary in the inhospitable Andean Southern Ice Field (Campo de Hielo Sur); contraband smuggling, human trafficking, and illegal narcotic trafficking are problems in the porous areas of the border with Bolivia" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "a transshipment country for cocaine headed for Europe, heroin headed for the US, and ephedrine and pseudoephedrine headed for Mexico; some money-laundering activity, especially in the Tri-Border Area; law enforcement corruption; a source for precursor chemicals; increasing domestic consumption of drugs in urban centers, especially cocaine base and synthetic drugs (2008)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/south-america/bo-bolivia.json b/south-america/bo-bolivia.json deleted file mode 100644 index 984292ac..00000000 --- a/south-america/bo-bolivia.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,634 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Bolivia, named after independence fighter Simon BOLIVAR, broke away from Spanish rule in 1825; much of its subsequent history has consisted of a series of nearly 200 coups and countercoups. Democratic civilian rule was established in 1982, but leaders have faced difficult problems of deep-seated poverty, social unrest, and illegal drug production. In December 2005, Bolivians elected Movement Toward Socialism leader Evo MORALES president - by the widest margin of any leader since the restoration of civilian rule in 1982 - after he ran on a promise to change the country's traditional political class and empower the nation's poor, indigenous majority. However, since taking office, his controversial strategies have exacerbated racial and economic tensions between the Amerindian populations of the Andean west and the non-indigenous communities of the eastern lowlands. In December 2009, President MORALES easily won reelection, and his party took control of the legislative branch of the government, which will allow him to continue his process of change. In October 2011, the country held its first judicial elections to appoint judges to the four highest courts." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Central South America, southwest of Brazil" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "17 00 S, 65 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "South America" - }, - "area": { - "total": "1,098,581 sq km", - "land": "1,083,301 sq km", - "water": "15,280 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly less than three times the size of Montana" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "6,940 km", - "border_countries": "Argentina 832 km, Brazil 3,423 km, Chile 860 km, Paraguay 750 km, Peru 1,075 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "rugged Andes Mountains with a highland plateau (Altiplano), hills, lowland plains of the Amazon Basin" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Rio Paraguay 90 m", - "highest_point": "Nevado Sajama 6,542 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "tin, natural gas, petroleum, zinc, tungsten, antimony, silver, iron, lead, gold, timber, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "3.49%", - "permanent_crops": "0.2%", - "other": "96.31% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "1,282 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "622.5 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "2.64 cu km/yr (25%/14%/61%)", - "per_capita": "305.8 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "flooding in the northeast (March to April)", - "volcanism": "volcanic activity in Andes Mountains on the border with Chile; historically active volcanoes in this region are Irruputuncu (elev. 5,163 m), which last erupted in 1995, and Olca-Paruma" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "the clearing of land for agricultural purposes and the international demand for tropical timber are contributing to deforestation; soil erosion from overgrazing and poor cultivation methods (including slash-and-burn agriculture); desertification; loss of biodiversity; industrial pollution of water supplies used for drinking and irrigation" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake (elevation 3,805 m), with Peru" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Bolivian(s)", - "adjective": "Bolivian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Quechua 30%, mestizo (mixed white and Amerindian ancestry) 30%, Aymara 25%, white 15%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Spanish (official) 60.7%, Quechua (official) 21.2%, Aymara (official) 14.6%, foreign languages 2.4%, other 1.2% (2001 census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 95%, Protestant (Evangelical Methodist) 5%" - }, - "demographic_profile": { - "text": "Bolivia ranks at or near the bottom among Latin American countries in several areas of health and development, including poverty, education, fertility, malnutrition, mortality, and life expectancy. On the positive side, more children are being vaccinated and more pregnant women are getting prenatal care and having skilled health practitioners attend their births. Bolivia's income inequality is the highest in Latin America and one of the highest in the world. Public education is of poor quality, and educational opportunities are among the most unevenly distributed in Latin America, with girls and indigenous and rural children less likely to be literate or to complete primary school. The lack of access to education and family planning services helps to sustain Bolivia's high fertility rate - approximately three children per woman. Bolivia's lack of clean water and basic sanitation, especially in rural areas, contributes to health problems. Almost 7% of Bolivia's population lives abroad, primarily to work in Argentina, Brazil, Spain, and the United States. In recent years, more restrictive immigration policies in Europe and the United States have increased the flow of Bolivian emigrants to neighboring Argentina and Brazil." - }, - "population": { - "text": "10,461,053 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "33.8% (male 1,800,381/female 1,733,366)", - "15_24_years": "19.9% (male 1,053,952/female 1,028,169)", - "25_54_years": "35.9% (male 1,825,535/female 1,928,945)", - "55_64_years": "5.6% (male 272,980/female 311,312)", - "65_years_and_over": "4.8% (male 223,933/female 282,480) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "66 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "57.9 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "8.1 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "12.3 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "23.1 years", - "male": "22.3 years", - "female": "23.8 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.63% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "23.77 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "6.67 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.76 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "67% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.2% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "LA PAZ (capital) 1.715 million; Santa Cruz 1.584 million; Sucre 307,000 (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.94 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.88 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.79 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "21.2", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2008 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "180 deaths/100,000 live births (2008)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "39.76 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "43.44 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "35.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "68.22 years", - "male": "65.47 years", - "female": "71.11 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.87 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "60.5% (2008)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "4.8% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.22 physicians/1,000 population (2001)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.1 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 96% of population; rural: 71% of population; total: 88% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 4% of population; rural: 29% of population; total: 12% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 35% of population; rural: 10% of population; total: 27% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 65% of population; rural: 90% of population; total: 73% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.2% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "12,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A", - "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever, malaria, and yellow fever (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "17.9% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "4.5% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "7.6% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "91.2%", - "male": "95.8%", - "female": "86.8% (2009 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "14 years", - "male": "14 years", - "female": "13 years (2007)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "553,323", - "percentage": "26 %", - "note": "data represents children ages 5-13 (2008 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "9.2%", - "male": "7.3%", - "female": "11.8% (2002)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Plurinational State of Bolivia", - "conventional_short_form": "Bolivia", - "local_long_form": "Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia", - "local_short_form": "Bolivia" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic; note - the new constitution defines Bolivia as a \"Social Unitarian State\"" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "La Paz (administrative capital)", - "geographic_coordinates": "16 30 S, 68 09 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "note": "Sucre (constitutional capital)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "9 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Beni, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Oruro, Pando, Potosi, Santa Cruz, Tarija" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "6 August 1825 (from Spain)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 6 August (1825)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "7 February 2009" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system with influences from Roman, Spanish, canon (religious), French, and indigenous law" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age, universal and compulsory" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Juan Evo MORALES Ayma (since 22 January 2006); Vice President Alvaro GARCIA Linera (since 22 January 2006); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Juan Evo MORALES Ayma (since 22 January 2006); Vice President Alvaro GARCIA Linera (since 22 January 2006)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president", - "elections": "president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a five-year term and are eligible for re-election once; election last held on 6 December 2009 (next to be held in 2014)", - "election_results": "Juan Evo MORALES Ayma reelected president; percent of vote - Juan Evo MORALES Ayma 64%; Manfred REYES VILLA 26%; Samuel DORIA MEDINA Arana 6%; Rene JOAQUINO 2%; other 2%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Plurinational Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional consists of Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (36 seats; members are elected by proportional representation from party lists to serve five-year terms) and Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (130 seats total; 70 uninominal deputies directly elected from a single district, 7 \"special\" indigenous deputies directly elected from non-contiguous indigenous districts, and 53 plurinominal deputies elected by proportional representation from party lists; all deputies serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "Chamber of Senators and Chamber of Deputies - last held on 6 December 2009 (next to be held in 2014)", - "election_results": "Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MAS 26, PPB-CN 10; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MAS 89, PPB-CN 36, UN 3, AS 2; note - as of 15 February 2013, the current composition of the Chamber of Deputies is: MAS 88, PPB-CN 37, UN 3, AS 2" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (consists of 12 judges); Plurinational Constitutional Tribunal (consists of 7 primary and 7 alternate magistrates); Plurinational Electoral Organ (consists of 7 members) note - the 2009 constitution reformed the procedure for selecting judicial officials for the Supreme Court, Constitutional Tribunal, and the Plurinational Electoral Organ by direct national vote, which occurred in October 2011", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court and Plurinational Constitutional Tribunal judges elected by popular vote from list of candidates pre-selected by Plurinational Legislative Assembly for 6-year terms); Plurinational Electoral Organ members - 6 judges elected by the Assembly and 1 appointed by the president; judges and members serve 6-year terms", - "subordinate_courts": "Agro-Environmental Court; Council of the Judiciary; District Courts (in each of the 9 administrative departments)" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Bacada Indigena or BI; Bolivia-National Convergence or PPB-CN [Adrian OLIVA]; Fearless Movement or MSM [Juan DE GRANADO Cosio]; Movement Toward Socialism or MAS [Juan Evo MORALES Ayma]; National Unity or UN [Samuel DORIA MEDINA Arana]; People or Gente [Roman LOAYZA]; Social Alliance or AS [Rene JOAQUINO]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Bolivian Workers Central or COB; Federation of Neighborhood Councils of El Alto or FEJUVE; Landless Movement or MST; National Coordinator for Change or CONALCAM; Sole Confederation of Campesino Workers of Bolivia or CSUTCB", - "other": "Cocalero groups; indigenous organizations (including Confederation of Indigenous Peoples of Eastern Bolivia or CIDOB and National Council of Ayullus and Markas of Quollasuyu or CONAMAQ); Interculturales union or CSCIB; labor unions (including the Central Bolivian Workers' Union or COB and Cooperative Miners Federation or FENCOMIN)" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "CAN, CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Freddy BERSATTI Tudela", - "chancery": "3014 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 483-4410", - "fax": "[1] (202) 328-3712", - "consulates_general": "Los Angeles, Miami, New York", - "note": "as of September 2008, the US has expelled the Bolivian ambassador to the US" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Larry MEMMOTT", - "embassy": "Avenida Arce 2780, Casilla 425, La Paz", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 425, La Paz; APO AA 34032", - "telephone": "[591] (2) 216-8000", - "fax": "[591] (2) 216-8111", - "note": "in September 2008, the Bolivian Government expelled the US Ambassador to Bolivia, and the countries have yet to reinstate ambassadors" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with the coat of arms centered on the yellow band; red stands for bravery and the blood of national heroes, yellow for the nation's mineral resources, and green for the fertility of the land", - "note": "similar to the flag of Ghana, which has a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; in 2009, a presidential decree made it mandatory for a so-called wiphala - a square, multi-colored flag representing the country's indigenous peoples - to be used alongside the traditional flag" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "llama; Andean condor" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Cancion Patriotica\" (Patriotic Song)", - "lyrics_music": "Jose Ignacio de SANJINES/Leopoldo Benedetto VINCENTI", - "note": "adopted 1852" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Bolivia is one of the poorest and least developed countries in Latin America. Following a disastrous economic crisis during the early 1980s, reforms spurred private investment, stimulated economic growth, and cut poverty rates in the 1990s. The period 2003-05 was characterized by political instability, racial tensions, and violent protests against plans - subsequently abandoned - to export Bolivia's newly discovered natural gas reserves to large Northern Hemisphere markets. In 2005, the government passed a controversial hydrocarbons law that imposed significantly higher royalties and required foreign firms then operating under risk-sharing contracts to surrender all production to the state energy company in exchange for a predetermined service fee. The global recession slowed growth, but Bolivia recorded the highest growth rate in South America during 2009. During 2010-12 high world commodity prices sustained rapid growth and large trade surpluses. However, a lack of foreign investment in the key sectors of mining and hydrocarbons, along with growing conflict among social groups pose challenges for the Bolivian economy." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$56.14 billion (2012 est.); $53.34 billion (2011 est.); $50.72 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$27.43 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "5.2% (2012 est.); 5.2% (2011 est.); 4.1% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$5,200 (2012 est.); $5,000 (2011 est.); $4,900 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "25.3% of GDP (2012 est.); 28.4% of GDP (2011 est.); 21.5% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "60.6%", - "government_consumption": "13.7%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "18.3%", - "investment_in_inventories": "-1.5%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "46.9%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-38.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "9.6%", - "industry": "38.3%", - "services": "52.1% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "soybeans, coffee, coca, cotton, corn, sugarcane, rice, potatoes; Brazil nuts; timber" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "mining, smelting, petroleum, food and beverages, tobacco, handicrafts, clothing, jewelry" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "5.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "4.718 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "32%", - "industry": "20%", - "services": "48% (2010 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "7.5% (2012 est.); 5.7% (2011 est.)", - "note": "data are for urban areas; widespread underemployment" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "49.6%", - "note": "based on percent of population living on less than the international standard of $2/day (2010 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1%", - "highest_10%": "45.4% (2007)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "53 (2010); 57.9 (1999)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$12.64 billion", - "expenditures": "$12.17 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "46.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "1.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "34.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 36.5% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "4.5% (2012 est.); 9.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "4% (31 December 2011 est.); 3% (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "11.14% (31 December 2012 est.); 10.92% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$7.32 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.13 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$17.13 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $14.25 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$9.044 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $7.633 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$7.69 billion (31 December 2012); $6.089 billion (31 December 2011); $3.915 billion (31 December 2010)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$271.8 million (2012 est.); $537.2 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$10.65 billion (2012 est.); $8.332 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "natural gas, soybeans and soy products, crude petroleum, zinc ore, tin" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Brazil 40.3%, US 17.7%, Argentina 7.7%, Peru 5.3% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$7.653 billion (2012 est.); $7.126 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "petroleum products, plastics, paper, aircraft and aircraft parts, prepared foods, automobiles, insecticides" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Chile 20.8%, Brazil 19.9%, Argentina 11.7%, US 9.9%, Peru 7.1%, Venezuela 6%, China 4.8% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$13.93 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $12.02 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$7.007 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.474 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$8.81 billion (31 December 2012); $7.75 billion (31 December 2011)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$8 million (31 December 2011); $21 million (31 December 2010)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "bolivianos (BOB) per US dollar -; 6.96 (2012 est.); 6.9875 (2011 est.); 7.0167 (2010 est.); 7.07 (2009); 7.253 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "6.94 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "6.301 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "1.317 million kW (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "58.9% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "39.3% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "1.7% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "40,000 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0.07 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "209.8 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "314,700 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "45,840 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "864.7 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "14,150 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "48.97 billion cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "8.59 billion cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "40.28 billion cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "281.5 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "13.29 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "879,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "8.355 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "Bolivian National Telecommunications Company was privatized in 1995 but re-nationalized in 2007; the primary trunk system is being expanded and employs digital microwave radio relay; some areas are served by fiber-optic cable; system operations, reliability, and coverage have steadily improved.", - "domestic": "most telephones are concentrated in La Paz, Santa Cruz, and other capital cities; mobile-cellular telephone use expanding rapidly and, in 2011, teledensity reached about 80 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 591; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "large number of radio and TV stations broadcasting with private media outlets dominating; state-owned and private radio and TV stations generally operating freely, although both pro-government and anti-government groups have attacked media outlets in response to their reporting (2010)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".bo" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "180,988 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "1.103 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "855 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "21", - "over_3_047_m": "5", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "4", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "6", - "914_to_1_523_m": "6 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "834", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "4", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "47", - "914_to_1_523_m": "151", - "under_914_m": "631 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 5,457 km; liquid petroleum gas 51 km; oil 2,511 km; refined products 1,627 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "3,652 km", - "narrow_gauge": "3,652 km 1.000-m gauge (2010)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "80,488 km", - "paved": "11,993 km", - "unpaved": "68,495 km (2010)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "10,000 km (commercially navigable almost exclusively in the northern and eastern parts of the country) (2012)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "18", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 1, cargo 14, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 2", - "foreign_owned": "5 (Syria 4, UK 1, (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "river_ports": "Puerto Aguirre (Paraguay/Parana)", - "note": "Bolivia has free port privileges in maritime ports in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Paraguay" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Bolivian Armed Forces: Bolivian Army (Ejercito Boliviano, EB), Bolivian Naval Force (Fuerza Naval Boliviana, FNB; includes Marines), Bolivian Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Boliviana, FAB) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-49 years of age for 12-month compulsory male and female military service; Bolivian citizenship required; 17 years of age for voluntary service; when annual number of volunteers falls short of goal, compulsory recruitment is effected, including conscription of boys as young as 14; 15-19 years of age for voluntary premilitary service, provides exemption from further military service (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,472,490", - "females_age_16_49": "2,535,768 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,762,260", - "females_age_16_49": "2,013,281 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "108,334", - "female": "104,945 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.9% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Chile and Peru rebuff Bolivia's reactivated claim to restore the Atacama corridor, ceded to Chile in 1884, but Chile offers instead unrestricted but not sovereign maritime access through Chile for Bolivian natural gas; contraband smuggling, human trafficking, and illegal narcotic trafficking are problems in the porous areas of the border with Argentina" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "world's third-largest cultivator of coca (after Colombia and Peru) with an estimated 35,000 hectares under cultivation in 2009, an increase of ten percent over 2008; third largest producer of cocaine, estimated at 195 metric tons potential pure cocaine in 2009, a 70 percent increase over 2006; transit country for Peruvian and Colombian cocaine destined for Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Europe; weak border controls; some money-laundering activity related to narcotics trade; major cocaine consumption\r\n (2008)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/south-america/br-brazil.json b/south-america/br-brazil.json deleted file mode 100644 index 9556ff2e..00000000 --- a/south-america/br-brazil.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,636 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Following more than three centuries under Portuguese rule, Brazil gained its independence in 1822, maintaining a monarchical system of government until the abolition of slavery in 1888 and the subsequent proclamation of a republic by the military in 1889. Brazilian coffee exporters politically dominated the country until populist leader Getulio VARGAS rose to power in 1930. By far the largest and most populous country in South America, Brazil underwent more than a half century of populist and military government until 1985, when the military regime peacefully ceded power to civilian rulers. Brazil continues to pursue industrial and agricultural growth and development of its interior. Exploiting vast natural resources and a large labor pool, it is today South America's leading economic power and a regional leader, one of the first in the area to begin an economic recovery. Highly unequal income distribution and crime remain pressing problems." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Eastern South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "10 00 S, 55 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "South America" - }, - "area": { - "total": "8,514,877 sq km", - "land": "8,459,417 sq km", - "water": "55,460 sq km", - "note": "includes Arquipelago de Fernando de Noronha, Atol das Rocas, Ilha da Trindade, Ilhas Martin Vaz, and Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than the US" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "16,885 km", - "border_countries": "Argentina 1,261 km, Bolivia 3,423 km, Colombia 1,644 km, French Guiana 730 km, Guyana 1,606 km, Paraguay 1,365 km, Peru 2,995 km, Suriname 593 km, Uruguay 1,068 km, Venezuela 2,200 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "7,491 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to edge of the continental margin" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "mostly tropical, but temperate in south" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly flat to rolling lowlands in north; some plains, hills, mountains, and narrow coastal belt" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Pico da Neblina 2,994 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, platinum, tin, rare earth elements, uranium, petroleum, hydropower, timber" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "8.45%", - "permanent_crops": "0.83%", - "other": "90.72% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "54,000 sq km (2011)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "8,233 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "58.07 cu km/yr (28%/17%/55%)", - "per_capita": "306 cu m/yr (2006)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "recurring droughts in northeast; floods and occasional frost in south" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation in Amazon Basin destroys the habitat and endangers a multitude of plant and animal species indigenous to the area; there is a lucrative illegal wildlife trade; air and water pollution in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and several other large cities; land degradation and water pollution caused by improper mining activities; wetland degradation; severe oil spills" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "largest country in South America; shares common boundaries with every South American country except Chile and Ecuador" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Brazilian(s)", - "adjective": "Brazilian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "white 53.7%, mulatto (mixed white and black) 38.5%, black 6.2%, other (includes Japanese, Arab, Amerindian) 0.9%, unspecified 0.7% (2000 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Portuguese (official and most widely spoken language)", - "note": "less common languages include Spanish (border areas and schools), German, Italian, Japanese, English, and a large number of minor Amerindian languages" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic (nominal) 73.6%, Protestant 15.4%, Spiritualist 1.3%, Bantu/Voodoo 0.3%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.2%, none 7.4% (2000 census)" - }, - "demographic_profile": { - "text": "Brazil's rapid fertility decline since the 1960s is the main factor behind the country's slowing population growth rate, aging population, and fast-paced demographic transition. Brasilia has not taken full advantage of its large working-age population to develop its human capital and strengthen its social and economic institutions. The current favorable age structure will begin to shift around 2025, with the labor force shrinking and the elderly starting to compose an increasing share of the total population. Well-funded public pensions have nearly wiped out poverty among the elderly, but limited social spending on children has restricted investment in education - a primary means of escaping poverty. Brazil's poverty and income inequality levels remain high despite improvements in the 2000s and continue to disproportionately affect the Northeast, North, and Center-West, women, and black, mixed race, and indigenous populations. Disparities in opportunities foster social exclusion and contribute to Brazil's high crime rate, particularly violent crime in cities and favelas. Brazil has traditionally been a net recipient of immigrants, with its southeast being the prime destination. After the importation of African slaves was outlawed in the mid-19th century, Brazil sought Europeans (Italians, Portuguese, Spaniards, and Germans) and later Asians (Japanese) to work in agriculture, especially coffee cultivation. Recent immigrants come mainly from Argentina, Chile, and Andean countries (many are unskilled illegal migrants) or are returning Brazilian nationals. Since Brazil's economic downturn in the 1980s, emigration to the United States, Europe, and Japan has been rising but is negligible relative to Brazil's total population. The majority of these emigrants are well-educated and middle-class. Fewer Brazilian peasants are emigrating to neighboring countries to take up agricultural work." - }, - "population": { - "text": "201,009,622 (July 2013 est.) (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "24.2% (male 24,814,906/female 23,879,697)", - "15_24_years": "16.7% (male 16,982,245/female 16,513,161)", - "25_54_years": "43.6% (male 43,396,927/female 44,170,680)", - "55_64_years": "8.2% (male 7,792,041/female 8,736,359)", - "65_years_and_over": "7.3% (male 6,250,580/female 8,473,026) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "46.2 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "35.2 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "11 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "9.1 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "30.3 years", - "male": "29.5 years", - "female": "31.1 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.83% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "14.97 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "6.51 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "87% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "Sao Paulo 19.96 million; Rio de Janeiro 11.836 million; Belo Horizonte 5.736 million; Porto Alegre 4.034 million; BRASILIA (capital) 3.813 million (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.89 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.74 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "56 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "19.83 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "23.16 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "16.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "73.02 years", - "male": "69.48 years", - "female": "76.74 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.81 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "80.3% (2006)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "9% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.72 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "2.4 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 85% of population; total: 98% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 15% of population; total: 2% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 85% of population; rural: 44% of population; total: 79% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 15% of population; rural: 56% of population; total: 21% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "18.8% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "2.2% (2007)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "5.6% of GDP (2009)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "90.4%", - "male": "90.1%", - "female": "90.7% (2010 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "14 years", - "male": "14 years", - "female": "15 years (2005)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "959,942", - "percentage": "3 %", - "note": "data represents children ages 5-13 (2009 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "17.8%", - "male": "13.9%", - "female": "23.1% (2009)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Federative Republic of Brazil", - "conventional_short_form": "Brazil", - "local_long_form": "Republica Federativa do Brasil", - "local_short_form": "Brasil" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "federal republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Brasilia", - "geographic_coordinates": "15 47 S, 47 55 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins third Sunday in October; ends third Sunday in February", - "note": "Brazil is divided into three time zones, including one for the Fernando de Noronha Islands" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "26 states (estados, singular - estado) and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Acre, Alagoas, Amapa, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceara, Distrito Federal*, Espirito Santo, Goias, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Para, Paraiba, Parana, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondonia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Sergipe, Tocantins" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "7 September 1822 (from Portugal)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 7 September (1822)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "5 October 1988" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law; note - a new civil law code was enacted in 2002 replacing the 1916 code" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "voluntary between 16 to under 18 years of age and over 70; compulsory 18 to 70 years of age; note - military conscripts do not vote by law" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Dilma ROUSSEFF (since 1 January 2011); Vice President Michel TEMER (since 1 January 2011); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Dilma ROUSSEFF (since 1 January 2011); Vice President Michel TEMER (since 1 January 2011)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president", - "elections": "president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a single four-year term; election last held on 3 October 2010 with runoff on 31 October 2010 (next to be held on 5 October 2014 and, if necessary, a runoff election on 2 November 2014)", - "election_results": "Dilma ROUSSEFF (PT) elected president in a runoff election; percent of vote - Dilma ROUSSEFF 56.01%, Jose SERRA (PSDB) 43.99%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral National Congress or Congresso Nacional consists of the Federal Senate or Senado Federal (81 seats; 3 members from each state and federal district elected according to the principle of majority to serve eight-year terms; one-third and two-thirds of members elected every four years, alternately) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara dos Deputados (513 seats; members are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "Federal Senate - last held on 3 October 2010 for two-thirds of the Senate (next to be held in October 2014 for one-third of the Senate); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 3 October 2010 (next to be held in October 2014)", - "election_results": "Federal Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PMDB 20, PT 13, PSDB 10, DEM (formerly PFL) 7, PTdoB 6, PP 5, PDT 4, PR 4, PSB 4, PPS 1, PRB 1, other 3; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PT 87, PMDB 80, PSDB 53, DEM (formerly PFL) 43, PP 41, PR 41, PSB 34, PDT 28, PTdoB 21, PSC 17, PCdoB 15, PV 15, PPS 12, other 26" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Federal Court (consists of 11 justices)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "justices appointed by the president and approved by the Federal Senate; justices appointed to serve until mandatory retirement at age 70", - "subordinate_courts": "Federal Appeals Court, Superior Court of Justice, Superior Electoral Court, regional federal courts; state court system" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Brazilian Communist Party or PCB [Ivan Martins PINHEIRO]; Brazilian Democratic Movement Party or PMDB [Valdir RAUPP, acting]; Brazilian Labor Party or PTB [Benito GAMA, acting]; Brazilian Renewal Labor Party or PRTB [Jose Levy FIDELIX da Cruz]; Brazilian Republican Party or PRB [Marcos Antonio PEREIRA]; Brazilian Social Democracy Party or PSDB [Sergio GUERRA]; Brazilian Socialist Party or PSB [Eduardo CAMPOS]; Christian Labor Party or PTC [Daniel TOURINHO]; Christian Social Democratic Party or PSDC [Jose Maria EYMAEL]; Communist Party of Brazil or PCdoB [Jose Renato RABELO]; Democratic Labor Party or PDT [Carlos Roberto LUPI]; the Democrats or DEM [Jose AGRIPINO] (formerly Liberal Front Party or PFL); Free Homeland Party or PPL [Sergio Rubens de Araujo TORRES]; Green Party or PV [Jose Luiz PENNA]; Humanist Party of Solidarity or PHS [Eduardo Machado e Silva RODRIGUES]; Labor Party of Brazil or PTB [Luis Henrique de Oliveira RESENDE]; National Ecologic Party or PEN [Adilson Barroso OLIVEIRA]; National Labor Party or PTN [Jose Masci de ABREU]; National Mobilization Party or PMN [Oscar Noronha FILHO]; Party of the Republic or PR [Alfredo NASCIMENTO]; Popular Socialist Party or PPS [Roberto Joao PEREIRA FREIRE]; Progressive Party or PP [Francisco DORNELLES]; Progressive Republican Party or PRP [Ovasco Roma Altimari RESENDE]; Social Christian Party or PSC [Vitor Jorge Abdala NOSSEIS]; Social Democratic Party (Partido Social Democratico) or PSD [Gilberto KASSAB]; Social Liberal Party or PSL [Luciano Caldas BIVAR]; Socialism and Freedom Party (Partido Socialismo e Liberdade) or PSOL [Ivan VALENTE]; United Socialist Workers' Party or PSTU [Jose Maria DE ALMEIDA]; Workers' Cause Party or PCO [Rui Costa PIMENTA]; Workers' Party or PT [Rui FALCAO]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Landless Workers' Movement or MST", - "other": "industrial federations; labor unions and federations; large farmers' associations; religious groups including evangelical Christian churches and the Catholic Church" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "AfDB (nonregional member), BIS, BRICS, CAN (associate), CD, CELAC, CPLP, FAO, FATF, G-15, G-20, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, LAS (observer), Mercosur, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS, OECD (Enhanced Engagement, OPANAL, OPCW, Paris Club (associate), PCA, SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNMIT, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Mauro Luiz Iecker VIEIRA", - "chancery": "3006 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 238-2805", - "fax": "[1] (202) 238-2827", - "consulates_general": "Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Hartford (CT), Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Thomas A. SHANNON", - "embassy": "Avenida das Nacoes, Quadra 801, Lote 3, Distrito Federal Cep 70403-900, Brasilia", - "mailing_address": "Unit 7500, DPO, AA 34030", - "telephone": "[55] (61) 3312-7000", - "fax": "[55] (61) 3225-9136", - "consulates_general": "Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo", - "consulates": "Recife" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "green with a large yellow diamond in the center bearing a blue celestial globe with 27 white five-pointed stars; the globe has a white equatorial band with the motto ORDEM E PROGRESSO (Order and Progress); the current flag was inspired by the banner of the former Empire of Brazil (1822-1889); on the imperial flag, the green represented the House of Braganza of Pedro I, the first Emperor of Brazil, while the yellow stood for the Habsburg Family of his wife; on the modern flag the green represents the forests of the country and the yellow rhombus its mineral wealth; the blue circle and stars, which replaced the coat of arms of the original flag, depict the sky over Rio de Janeiro on the morning of 15 November 1889 - the day the Republic of Brazil was declared; the number of stars has changed with the creation of new states and has risen from an original 21 to the current 27 (one for each state and the Federal District)" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Southern Cross constellation" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Hino Nacional Brasileiro\" (Brazilian National Anthem)", - "lyrics_music": "Joaquim Osorio Duque ESTRADA/Francisco Manoel DA SILVA", - "note": "music adopted 1890, lyrics adopted 1922; the anthem's music, composed in 1822, was used unofficially for many years before it was adopted" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Characterized by large and well-developed agricultural, mining, manufacturing, and service sectors, Brazil's economy outweighs that of all other South American countries, and Brazil is expanding its presence in world markets. Since 2003, Brazil has steadily improved its macroeconomic stability, building up foreign reserves, and reducing its debt profile by shifting its debt burden toward real denominated and domestically held instruments. In 2008, Brazil became a net external creditor and two ratings agencies awarded investment grade status to its debt. After strong growth in 2007 and 2008, the onset of the global financial crisis hit Brazil in 2008. Brazil experienced two quarters of recession, as global demand for Brazil's commodity-based exports dwindled and external credit dried up. However, Brazil was one of the first emerging markets to begin a recovery. In 2010, consumer and investor confidence revived and GDP growth reached 7.5%, the highest growth rate in the past 25 years. Rising inflation led the authorities to take measures to cool the economy; these actions and the deteriorating international economic situation slowed growth to 2.7% in 2011, and 1.3% in 2012. Unemployment is at historic lows and Brazil's traditionally high level of income inequality has declined for each of the last 14 years. Brazil's historically high interest rates have made it an attractive destination for foreign investors. Large capital inflows over the past several years have contributed to the appreciation of the currency, hurting the competitiveness of Brazilian manufacturing and leading the government to intervene in foreign exchange markets and raise taxes on some foreign capital inflows. President Dilma ROUSSEFF has retained the previous administration's commitment to inflation targeting by the central bank, a floating exchange rate, and fiscal restraint. In an effort to boost growth, in 2012 the administration implemented a somewhat more expansionary monetary policy that has failed to stimulate much growth." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$2.394 trillion (2012 est.); $2.374 trillion (2011 est.); $2.31 trillion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$2.396 trillion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.9% (2012 est.); 2.7% (2011 est.); 7.5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$12,100 (2012 est.); $12,100 (2011 est.); $11,900 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "15.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 17.6% of GDP (2011 est.); 18% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "62.3%", - "government_consumption": "21.5%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "18.1%", - "investment_in_inventories": "-0.5%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "12.6%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-14% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "5.2%", - "industry": "26.3%", - "services": "68.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "coffee, soybeans, wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, citrus; beef" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and equipment" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "106.3 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "15.7%", - "industry": "13.3%", - "services": "71% (2011 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "5.5% (2012 est.); 6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "21.4%", - "note": "official Brazilian data show 4.2% of the population being below the \"extreme\" poverty line in 2011 (2009 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "0.8%", - "highest_10%": "42.9% (2009 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "51.9 (2012); 55.3 (2001)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$875.5 billion", - "expenditures": "$822.1 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "36.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "2.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "58.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 54.2% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "5.4% (2012 est.); 6.6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "7.25% (31 December 2012 est.); 11% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "36.63% (31 December 2012 est.); 43.88% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$158.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $152.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$1.878 trillion (30 November 2011 est.); $1.826 trillion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$2.381 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.22 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$1.229 trillion (31 December 2011); $1.546 trillion (31 December 2010); $1.167 trillion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$65.13 billion (2012 est.); -$52.48 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$242.6 billion (2012 est.); $256 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "transport equipment, iron ore, soybeans, footwear, coffee, autos" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "China 17%, US 11.1%, Argentina 7.4%, Netherlands 6.2% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$223.2 billion (2012 est.); $226.2 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "machinery, electrical and transport equipment, chemical products, oil, automotive parts, electronics" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 15.4%, US 14.7%, Argentina 7.4%, Germany 6.4%, South Korea 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$373.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $352 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$428.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $404.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$609.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $544.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$182 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $184.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "reals (BRL) per US dollar -; 1.9546 (2012 est.); 1.675 (2011 est.); 1.7592 (2010 est.); 2 (2009); 1.8644 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "489.5 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "438.3 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "1.257 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "36.63 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "106.2 million kW (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "17.1% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "1.9% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "74.7% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "6.3% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "2.633 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "533,200 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "412,500 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "26 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "2.008 million bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "2.594 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "164,300 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "325,400 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "24.07 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "26.7 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "12.6 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "416.9 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "453.9 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "43.026 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "244.358 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "good working system including an extensive microwave radio relay system and a domestic satellite system with 64 earth stations", - "domestic": "fixed-line connections have remained relatively stable in recent years and stand at about 20 per 100 persons; less expensive mobile-cellular technology has been a major driver in expanding telephone service to the lower-income segments of the population with mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 120 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 55; landing point for a number of submarine cables, including Americas-1, Americas-2, Atlantis-2, GlobeNet, South America-1, South American Crossing/Latin American Nautilus, and UNISUR that provide direct connectivity to South and Central America, the Caribbean, the US, Africa, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region east), connected by microwave relay system to Mercosur Brazilsat B3 satellite earth station (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "state-run Radiobras operates a radio and a TV network; more than 1,000 radio stations and more than 100 TV channels operating - mostly privately owned; private media ownership highly concentrated (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".br" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "26.577 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "75.982 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "4,093 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "698", - "over_3_047_m": "7", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "27", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "179", - "914_to_1_523_m": "436", - "under_914_m": "49 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "3,395", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "92", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1,619", - "under_914_m": "1,684 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "13 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "condensate/gas 251 km; gas 17,312 km; liquid petroleum gas 352 km; oil 4,831 km; refined products 4,722 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "28,538 km", - "broad_gauge": "5,627 km 1.600-m gauge (467 km electrified)", - "standard_gauge": "194 km 1.440-m gauge", - "narrow_gauge": "22,717 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "1,580,964 km", - "paved": "212,798 km", - "unpaved": "1,368,166 km", - "note": "does not include urban roads (2010)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "50,000 km (most in areas remote from industry and population) (2012)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "109", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 18, cargo 16, chemical tanker 7, container 13, liquefied gas 11, petroleum tanker 39, roll on/roll off 5", - "foreign_owned": "27 (Chile 1, Denmark 3, Germany 6, Greece 1, Norway 3, Spain 12, Turkey 1)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "36 (Argentina 1, Bahamas 1, Ghana 1, Liberia 20, Marshall Islands 1, Panama 3, Singapore 9) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Belem, Paranagua, Rio Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Santos, Sao Sebastiao, Tubarao", - "river_ports": "Manaus (Amazon)", - "dry_bulk_cargo_ports": "Sepetiba ore terminal", - "container_ports_teus": "Santos (2,985,922), Itajai (983,985)(2011)", - "oil_gas_terminals": "DTSE/Gegua oil terminal, Ilha Grande (Gebig), Guaiba Island terminal, Guamare oil terminal" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Brazilian Army (Exercito Brasileiro, EB), Brazilian Navy (Marinha do Brasil (MB), includes Naval Air and Marine Corps (Corpo de Fuzileiros Navais)), Brazilian Air Force (Forca Aerea Brasileira, FAB) (2011)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-45 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation is 9-12 months; 17-45 years of age for voluntary service; an increasing percentage of the ranks are \"long-service\" volunteer professionals; women were allowed to serve in the armed forces beginning in early 1980s when the Brazilian Army became the first army in South America to accept women into career ranks; women serve in Navy and Air Force only in Women's Reserve Corps (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "53,350,703", - "females_age_16_49": "53,433,918 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "38,993,989", - "females_age_16_49": "44,841,661 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "1,733,168", - "female": "1,672,477 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.3% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "uncontested boundary dispute between Brazil and Uruguay over Braziliera/Brasiliera Island in the Quarai/Cuareim River leaves the tripoint with Argentina in question; smuggling of firearms and narcotics continues to be an issue along the Uruguay-Brazil border; Colombian-organized illegal narcotics and paramilitary activities penetrate Brazil's border region with Venezuela" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "second-largest consumer of cocaine in the world; illicit producer of cannabis; trace amounts of coca cultivation in the Amazon region, used for domestic consumption; government has a large-scale eradication program to control cannabis; important transshipment country for Bolivian, Colombian, and Peruvian cocaine headed for Europe; also used by traffickers as a way station for narcotics air transshipments between Peru and Colombia; upsurge in drug-related violence and weapons smuggling; important market for Colombian, Bolivian, and Peruvian cocaine; illicit narcotics proceeds are often laundered through the financial system; significant illicit financial activity in the Tri-Border Area (2008)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/south-america/cl-chile.json b/south-america/cl-chile.json deleted file mode 100644 index e9d3d85e..00000000 --- a/south-america/cl-chile.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,630 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Prior to the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century, the Inca ruled northern Chile while the Mapuche inhabited central and southern Chile. Although Chile declared its independence in 1810, decisive victory over the Spanish was not achieved until 1818. In the War of the Pacific (1879-83), Chile defeated Peru and Bolivia and won its present northern regions. It was not until the 1880s that the Mapuche were brought under central government control. After a series of elected governments, the three-year-old Marxist government of Salvador ALLENDE was overthrown in 1973 by a military coup led by Augusto PINOCHET, who ruled until a freely elected president was inaugurated in 1990. Sound economic policies, maintained consistently since the 1980s, have contributed to steady growth, reduced poverty rates by over half, and have helped secure the country's commitment to democratic and representative government. Chile has increasingly assumed regional and international leadership roles befitting its status as a stable, democratic nation." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southern South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Argentina and Peru" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "30 00 S, 71 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "South America" - }, - "area": { - "total": "756,102 sq km", - "land": "743,812 sq km", - "water": "12,290 sq km", - "note": "includes Easter Island (Isla de Pascua) and Isla Sala y Gomez" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than twice the size of Montana" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "6,339 km", - "border_countries": "Argentina 5,308 km, Bolivia 860 km, Peru 171 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "6,435 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200/350 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "temperate; desert in north; Mediterranean in central region; cool and damp in south" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "low coastal mountains; fertile central valley; rugged Andes in east" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Nevado Ojos del Salado 6,880 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "copper, timber, iron ore, nitrates, precious metals, molybdenum, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "1.74%", - "permanent_crops": "0.6%", - "other": "97.65% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "11,990 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "922 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "26.67 cu km/yr (4%/10%/86%)", - "per_capita": "1,603 cu m/yr (2007)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "severe earthquakes; active volcanism; tsunamis", - "volcanism": "significant volcanic activity due to more than three-dozen active volcanoes along the Andes Mountains; Lascar (elev. 5,592 m), which last erupted in 2007, is the most active volcano in the northern Chilean Andes; Llaima (elev. 3,125 m) in central Chile, which last erupted in 2009, is another of the country's most active; Chaiten's 2008 eruption forced major evacuations; other notable historically active volcanoes include Cerro Hudson, Copahue, Guallatiri, Llullaillaco, Nevados de Chillan, Puyehue, San Pedro, and Villarrica" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "widespread deforestation and mining threaten natural resources; air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "the longest north-south trending country in the world, extending across 38 degrees of latitude; strategic location relative to sea lanes between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage); Atacama Desert - the driest desert in the world - spreads across the northern part of the country; the crater lake of Ojos del Salado is the world's highest lake (at 6,390 m)" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Chilean(s)", - "adjective": "Chilean" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "white and white-Amerindian 95.4%, Mapuche 4%, other indigenous groups 0.6% (2002 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Spanish (official), Mapudungun, German, English" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 70%, Evangelical 15.1%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.1%, other Christian 1%, other 4.6%, none 8.3% (2002 census)" - }, - "demographic_profile": { - "text": "Chile is in the advanced stages of demographic transition and is becoming an aging society - with fertility below replacement level, low mortality rates, and life expectancy on par with developed countries. Nevertheless, with its dependency ratio nearing its low point, Chile could benefit from its favorable age structure. It will need to keep its large working-age population productively employed, while preparing to provide for the needs of its growing proportion of elderly people, especially as women - the traditional caregivers - increasingly enter the workforce. Over the last two decades, Chile has made great strides in reducing its poverty rate, which is now lower than most Latin American countries. However, its severe income inequality ranks as the worst among members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Unequal access to quality education perpetuates this uneven income distribution. Chile has historically been a country of emigration but has slowly become more attractive to immigrants since transitioning to democracy in 1990 and improving its economic stability (other regional destinations have concurrently experienced deteriorating economic and political conditions). Most of Chile's small but growing foreign-born population consists of transplants from other Latin American countries, especially Peru." - }, - "population": { - "text": "17,216,945 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "21% (male 1,846,433/female 1,771,225)", - "15_24_years": "16.6% (male 1,457,772/female 1,398,684)", - "25_54_years": "43.2% (male 3,694,178/female 3,738,355)", - "55_64_years": "9.6% (male 771,790/female 872,824)", - "65_years_and_over": "9.7% (male 694,570/female 971,114) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "45 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "30.6 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "14.5 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "6.9 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "33 years", - "male": "31.8 years", - "female": "34.3 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.86% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "14.12 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "5.86 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0.35 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "89% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "SANTIAGO (capital) 6.034 million; Valparaiso 865,000 (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.88 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.71 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.97 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "23.7 (2004 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "25 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "7.19 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "7.67 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "6.68 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "78.27 years", - "male": "75.25 years", - "female": "81.42 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.85 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "64.2%", - "note": "percent of women aged 15-44 (2006)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "8% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.09 physicians/1,000 population (2003)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "2.1 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 75% of population; total: 96% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 25% of population; total: 4% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 83% of population; total: 96% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 17% of population; total: 4% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.4% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "40,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "29.4% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "0.5% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "4.2% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "98.6%", - "male": "98.6%", - "female": "98.5% (2009 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "15 years", - "male": "15 years", - "female": "15 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "82,882", - "percentage": "3 % (2003 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "17.5%", - "male": "15.2%", - "female": "21.1% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Chile", - "conventional_short_form": "Chile", - "local_long_form": "Republica de Chile", - "local_short_form": "Chile" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Santiago", - "geographic_coordinates": "33 27 S, 70 40 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, under a new pilot program begins second Sunday in September; ends fourth Sunday in April", - "note": "Valparaiso is the seat of the national legislature" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "15 regions (regiones, singular - region); Aisen del General Carlos Ibanez del Campo, Antofagasta, Araucania, Arica y Parinacota, Atacama, Biobio, Coquimbo, Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins, Los Lagos, Los Rios, Magallanes y de la Antartica Chilena, Maule, Region Metropolitana (Santiago), Tarapaca, Valparaiso", - "note": "the US does not recognize claims to Antarctica" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "18 September 1810 (from Spain)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 18 September (1810)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981; amended several times" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system influenced by several West European civil legal systems; judicial review of legislative acts by the Constitutional Tribunal" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal and voluntary" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Sebastian PINERA Echenique (since 11 March 2010); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Sebastian PINERA Echenique (since 11 March 2010)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a single four-year term; election last held on 13 December 2009 with runoff election held on 17 January 2010 (next to be held 17 November 2013)", - "election_results": "Sebastian PINERA Echenique elected president; percent of vote - Sebastian PINERA Echenique 51.6%; Eduardo FREI 48.4%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of the Senate or Senado (38 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve eight-year terms; one-half elected every four years) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (120 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "Senate - last held on 13 December 2009 (next to be held in November 2013); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 13 December 2009 (next to be held in November 2013)", - "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPD 9 (PDC 4, PPD 3, PS 2), APC 9 (RN 6, UDI 3); Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 58 (UDI 37, RN 18, other 3), CPD 57 (PDC 19, PPD 18, PS 11, PRSD 5, PC 3, other 1), PRI 3, independent 2; note - as of 19 February 2013, the composition of the entire legislature is as follows: Senate - seats by party - CPD 19 (PDC 9, PPD 4, PS 5, PRSD 1), Coalition for Change (former APC) 16 (RN 8, UDI 8), independent 2, MAS 1; Chamber of Deputies - seats by party - Coalition for Change (former APC) 56 (UDI 39, RN 17), CPD 53 (PDC 19, PPD 18, PS 11, PRSD 5), independent 5, PC 3, PRI 2, IC 1" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (consists of a court president and 20 members or ministros); Constitutional Court (consists of 7 members); Electoral Court (consists of 5 members)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the president and ratified by the Senate from lists of candidates provided by the court itself; judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 70; Constitutional Court members appointed - 3 by the Supreme Court, 1 by the president of the republic, 2 by the National Security Council, and 1 by the Senate; members serve 8-year terms with partial court replacement every 4 years (the court reviews constitutionality of legislation); Electoral Court member appointments - 4 by the Supreme Court and 1 a former president or vice-president of the Senate or Chamber of Deputies selected by the Supreme Court; member term NA", - "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal; oral criminal tribunals; military tribunals; local police courts; specialized tribunals and courts in matters such as family, labor, customs, taxes, and electoral affairs" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Broad Social Movement or MAS [Alejandro NAVARRO Brain]; Citizen Left or IC; Equality Party [Lautaro GUANCA Vallejos]; Coalition for Change or CC (also known as the Alliance for Chile (Alianza) or APC) (including National Renewal or RN [Carlos LARRAIN Pena], and Independent Democratic Union or UDI [Patricio MELERO]; Coalition of Parties for Democracy (Concertacion) or CPD (including Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Ignacio WALKER Prieto], Party for Democracy or PPD [Jaime Daniel QUINTANA Leal], Radical Social Democratic Party or PRSD [Jose Antonio GOMEZ Urrutia], and Socialist Party or PS [Osvaldo ANDRADE Lara]); Communist Party of Chile (Partido Comunista de Chile) or PC [Guillermo TEILLIER del Valle]; Ecological Green Party [Cristian VILLAROEL Novoa]; Humanist Party or PH [Danilo MONTEVERDE Reyes]; Independent Regionalist Party or PRI [Carlos OLIVARES Zepeda]; Progressive Party or PRO [Marco ENRIQUEZ-OMINAMI Gumucio]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Roman Catholic Church, particularly conservative groups such as Opus Dei; United Labor Central or CUT includes trade unionists from the country's five largest labor confederations", - "other": "university student federations at all major universities" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "APEC, BIS, BRICS, CAN (associate), CD, CELAC, FAO, G-15, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAM, OAS, OECD (Enhanced Engagement, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMOGIP, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Felipe BULNES Serrano", - "chancery": "1732 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 785-1746", - "fax": "[1] (202) 887-5579", - "consulates_general": "Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Alejandro D. WOLFF", - "embassy": "Avenida Andres Bello 2800, Las Condes, Santiago", - "mailing_address": "APO AA 34033", - "telephone": "[56] (2) 330-3000", - "fax": "[56] (2) 330-3710, 330-3160" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; a blue square the same height as the white band at the hoist-side end of the white band; the square bears a white five-pointed star in the center representing a guide to progress and honor; blue symbolizes the sky, white is for the snow-covered Andes, and red represents the blood spilled to achieve independence", - "note": "design was influenced by the US flag" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "huemul (mountain deer); Andean condor" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Himno Nacional de Chile\" (National Anthem of Chile)", - "lyrics_music": "Eusebio LILLO Robles and Bernardo DE VERA y Pintado/Ramon CARNICER y Battle", - "note": "music adopted 1828, original lyrics adopted 1818, adapted lyrics adopted 1847; under Augusto PINOCHET\"s military rule, a verse glorifying the army was added; however, as a protest, some citizens refused to sing this verse; it was removed when democracy was restored in 1990" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Chile has a market-oriented economy characterized by a high level of foreign trade and a reputation for strong financial institutions and sound policy that have given it the strongest sovereign bond rating in South America. Exports account for approximately one-third of GDP, with commodities making up some three-quarters of total exports. Copper alone provides 19% of government revenue. From 2003 through 2012, real growth averaged almost 5% per year, despite the slight contraction in 2009 that resulted from the global financial crisis. Chile deepened its longstanding commitment to trade liberalization with the signing of a free trade agreement with the US, which took effect on 1 January 2004. Chile has 22 trade agreements covering 60 countries including agreements with the European Union, Mercosur, China, India, South Korea, and Mexico. Chile has joined the United States and nine other countries in negotiating the Trans-Pacific-Partnership trade agreement. In 2012, foreign direct investment inflows reached $28.2 billion, an increase of 63% over the previous record set in 2011. The Chilean Government has generally followed a countercyclical fiscal policy, accumulating surpluses in sovereign wealth funds during periods of high copper prices and economic growth, and generally allowing deficit spending only during periods of low copper prices and growth. As of 31 December 2012, those sovereign wealth funds - kept mostly outside the country and separate from Central Bank reserves - amounted to more than $20.9 billion. Chile used these funds to finance fiscal stimulus packages during the 2009 economic downturn. In May 2010 Chile signed the OECD Convention, becoming the first South American country to join the OECD." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$325.8 billion (2012 est.); $308.9 billion (2011 est.); $291.7 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$268.2 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "5.5% (2012 est.); 5.9% (2011 est.); 5.8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$18,700 (2012 est.); $17,900 (2011 est.); $17,100 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "21.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 22.2% of GDP (2011 est.); 23.9% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "62.5%", - "government_consumption": "12.1%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "24.1%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.8%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "34.2%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-33.9% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "3.6%", - "industry": "36%", - "services": "60.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "grapes, apples, pears, onions, wheat, corn, oats, peaches, garlic, asparagus, beans; beef, poultry, wool; fish; timber" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "copper, lithium, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and steel, wood and wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "4.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "8.231 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "13.2%", - "industry": "23%", - "services": "63.9% (2005)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "6.4% (2012 est.); 6.6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "15.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1.5%", - "highest_10%": "42.8% (2009 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "52.1 (2009); 57.1 (2000)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$58.81 billion", - "expenditures": "$57.38 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "21.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "0.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "11.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 11.1% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "3% (2012 est.); 3.3% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "3.12% (31 December 2010 est.); 0.5% (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "10.06% (31 December 2012 est.); 9.03% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$40.95 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $34.54 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$193.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $191.7 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$202.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $164.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$270.3 billion (31 December 2011); $341.6 billion (31 December 2010); $209.5 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$9.769 billion (2012 est.); -$3.387 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$78.28 billion (2012 est.); $81.46 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "copper, fruit, fish products, paper and pulp, chemicals, wine" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "China 23.9%, US 12.2%, Japan 10.6%, South Korea 5.8%, Brazil 5.5% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$74.86 billion (2012 est.); $70.91 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, electrical and telecommunications equipment, industrial machinery, vehicles, natural gas" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "US 21.9%, China 18.2%, Argentina 6.7%, Brazil 6.5% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$41.65 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $41.94 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$104.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $96.24 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$192.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $162.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$91.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $70.21 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Chilean pesos (CLP) per US dollar -; 486.49 (2012 est.); 483.67 (2011 est.); 510.25 (2010 est.); 560.86 (2009); 509.02 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "59.75 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "53.24 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "958 million kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "15.52 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "64.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "34.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "6,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "197,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "150 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "209,600 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "321,700 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "27,290 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "165,900 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "1.779 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "5.318 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "3.458 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "97.97 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "68.76 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "3.366 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "22.4 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "privatization began in 1988; most advanced telecommunications infrastructure in South America; modern system based on extensive microwave radio relay facilities; domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations", - "domestic": "number of fixed-line connections have stagnated in recent years as mobile-cellular usage continues to increase, reaching 130 telephones per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 56; landing points for the Pan American, South America-1, and South American Crossing/Latin America Nautilus submarine cables providing links to the US and to Central and South America; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "national and local terrestrial TV channels, coupled with extensive cable TV networks; the state-owned Television Nacional de Chile (TVN) network is self financed through commercial advertising revenues and is not under direct government control; large number of privately owned TV stations; about 250 radio stations (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".cl" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "2.152 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "7.009 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "481 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "90", - "over_3_047_m": "5", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "7", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "23", - "914_to_1_523_m": "31", - "under_914_m": "24 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "391", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "5", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "11", - "914_to_1_523_m": "56", - "under_914_m": "319 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "1 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 3,160 km; liquid petroleum gas 781 km; oil 985 km; refined products 722 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "7,082 km", - "broad_gauge": "3,435 km 1.676-m gauge (850 km electrified)", - "narrow_gauge": "3,647 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "77,764 km", - "paved": "18,119 km (includes 2,387 km of expressways)", - "unpaved": "59,645 km (2010)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "42", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 13, cargo 5, chemical tanker 7, container 2, liquefied gas 1, passenger 3, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 8, roll on/roll off 1", - "foreign_owned": "1 (Norway 1)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "52 (Argentina 6, Brazil 1, Honduras 1, Isle of Man 9, Liberia 9, Panama 14, Peru 6, Singapore 6) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Coronel, Huasco, Lirquen, Puerto Ventanas, San Antonio, San Vicente, Valparaiso" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Army of the Nation, Chilean Navy (Armada de Chile, includes Naval Aviation, Marine Corps, and Maritime Territory and Merchant Marine Directorate (Directemar)), Chilean Air Force (Fuerza Aerea de Chile, FACh), Carabineros Corps (Cuerpo de Carabineros) (2011)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-45 years of age for voluntary male and female military service, although the right to compulsory recruitment of males 18-45 is retained; service obligation is 12 months for Army and 22 months for Navy and Air Force (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "4,324,732", - "females_age_16_49": "4,251,954 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "3,621,475", - "females_age_16_49": "3,561,099 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "141,500", - "female": "135,709 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "2.1% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Chile and Peru rebuff Bolivia's reactivated claim to restore the Atacama corridor, ceded to Chile in 1884, but Chile has offered instead unrestricted but not sovereign maritime access through Chile to Bolivian natural gas; Chile rejects Peru's unilateral legislation to change its latitudinal maritime boundary with Chile to an equidistance line with a southwestern axis favoring Peru; in October 2007, Peru took its maritime complaint with Chile to the ICJ; territorial claim in Antarctica (Chilean Antarctic Territory) partially overlaps Argentine and British claims; the joint boundary commission, established by Chile and Argentina in 2001, has yet to map and demarcate the delimited boundary in the inhospitable Andean Southern Ice Field (Campo de Hielo Sur)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transshipment country for cocaine destined for Europe and the region; some money laundering activity, especially through the Iquique Free Trade Zone; imported precursors passed on to Bolivia; domestic cocaine consumption is rising, making Chile a significant consumer of cocaine (2008)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/south-america/co-colombia.json b/south-america/co-colombia.json deleted file mode 100644 index 64747634..00000000 --- a/south-america/co-colombia.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,643 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Colombia was one of the three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others are Ecuador and Venezuela). A nearly five-decade long conflict between government forces and anti-government insurgent groups, principally the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) heavily funded by the drug trade, escalated during the 1990s. More than 31,000 former paramilitaries had demobilized by the end of 2006 and the United Self Defense Forces of Colombia as a formal organization had ceased to function. In the wake of the paramilitary demobilization, emerging criminal groups arose, whose members include some former paramilitaries. The insurgents lack the military or popular support necessary to overthrow the government, but continue attacks against civilians. Large areas of the countryside are under guerrilla influence or are contested by security forces. In October 2012, the Colombian Government started formal peace negotiations with the FARC aimed at reaching a definitive bilateral ceasefire and incorporating demobilized FARC members into mainstream society and politics. The Colombian Government has stepped up efforts to reassert government control throughout the country, and now has a presence in every one of its administrative departments. Despite decades of internal conflict and drug related security challenges, Colombia maintains relatively strong democratic institutions characterized by peaceful, transparent elections and the protection of civil liberties." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "4 00 N, 72 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "South America" - }, - "area": { - "total": "1,138,910 sq km", - "land": "1,038,700 sq km", - "water": "100,210 sq km", - "note": "includes Isla de Malpelo, Roncador Cay, and Serrana Bank" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly less than twice the size of Texas" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "6,309 km", - "border_countries": "Brazil 1,644 km, Ecuador 590 km, Panama 225 km, Peru 1,800 km, Venezuela 2,050 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "3,208 km (Caribbean Sea 1,760 km, North Pacific Ocean 1,448 km)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains, eastern lowland plains (Llanos)" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Pico Cristobal Colon 5,775 m", - "note": "nearby Pico Simon Bolivar also has the same elevation" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "1.84%", - "permanent_crops": "1.66%", - "other": "96.5% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "10,870 sq km (2011)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "2,132 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "12.65 cu km/yr (55%/4%/41%)", - "per_capita": "308 cu m/yr (2010)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic droughts", - "volcanism": "Galeras (elev. 4,276 m) is one of Colombia's most active volcanoes, having erupted in 2009 and 2010 causing major evacuations; it has been deemed a \"Decade Volcano\" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Nevado del Ruiz (elev. 5,321 m), 129 km (80 mi) west of Bogota, erupted in 1985 producing lahars that killed 23,000 people; the volcano last erupted in 1991; additionally, after 500 years of dormancy, Nevado del Huila reawakened in 2007 and has experienced frequent eruptions since then; other historically active volcanoes include Cumbal, Dona Juana, Nevado del Tolima, and Purace" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation; soil and water quality damage from overuse of pesticides; air pollution, especially in Bogota, from vehicle emissions" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Law of the Sea" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "only South American country with coastlines on both the North Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Colombian(s)", - "adjective": "Colombian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "mestizo 58%, white 20%, mulatto 14%, black 4%, mixed black-Amerindian 3%, Amerindian 1%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Spanish (official)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 90%, other 10%" - }, - "demographic_profile": { - "text": "Colombia is in the midst of a demographic transition resulting from steady declines in its fertility, mortality, and population growth rates. The birth rate has fallen from more than 6 children per woman in the 1960s to just above replacement level today as a result of increased literacy, family planning services, and urbanization. However, income inequality is among the worst in the world, and more than a third of the population lives below the poverty line. Colombia experiences significant legal and illegal economic emigration and refugee flows. Large-scale labor emigration dates to the 1960s; Venezuela and the United States continue to be the main host countries. Colombia is the largest source of Latin American refugees in Latin America, nearly 400,000 of whom live primarily in Venezuela and Ecuador. Forced displacement remains prevalent because of violence among guerrillas, paramilitary groups, and Colombian security forces. Afro-Colombian and indigenous populations are disproportionately affected. A leading NGO estimates that 5.2 million people have been displaced since 1985, while the Colombian Government estimates 3.6 million since 2000. These estimates may undercount actual numbers because not all internally displaced persons are registered. Historically, Colombia also has one of the world's highest levels of forced disappearances. About 30,000 cases have been recorded over the last four decades - although the number is likely to be much higher - including human rights activists, trade unionists, Afro-Colombians, indigenous people, and farmers in rural conflict zones." - }, - "population": { - "text": "45,745,783 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "25.8% (male 6,032,725/female 5,755,437)", - "15_24_years": "18.2% (male 4,241,621/female 4,101,552)", - "25_54_years": "41.5% (male 9,376,745/female 9,597,744)", - "55_64_years": "8% (male 1,705,451/female 1,962,606)", - "65_years_and_over": "6.5% (male 1,242,980/female 1,728,922) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "51.2 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "41.9 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "9.3 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "10.7 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "28.6 years", - "male": "27.6 years", - "female": "29.5 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.1% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "16.98 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "5.33 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "75% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.7% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "BOGOTA (capital) 8.744 million; Medellin 3.497 million; Cali 2.352 million; Barranquilla 1.836 million; Bucaramanga 1.065 million (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.86 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.72 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "21.4", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2010 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "92 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "15.46 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "18.77 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "11.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "75.02 years", - "male": "71.82 years", - "female": "78.42 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.1 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "79.1% (2010)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "7.6% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.35 physicians/1,000 population (2002)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1 beds/1,000 population (2007)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 72% of population; total: 92% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 28% of population; total: 8% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 82% of population; rural: 63% of population; total: 77% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 18% of population; rural: 37% of population; total: 23% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.5% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "160,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "14,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea", - "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever, malaria, and yellow fever (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "17.3% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "3.4% (2010)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "4.5% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "93.6%", - "male": "93.5%", - "female": "93.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "14 years", - "male": "13 years", - "female": "14 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "988,362", - "percentage": "9 %", - "note": "data represents children ages 5-17 (2009 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "23%", - "male": "18.2%", - "female": "29.9% (2008)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Colombia", - "conventional_short_form": "Colombia", - "local_long_form": "Republica de Colombia", - "local_short_form": "Colombia" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic; executive branch dominates government structure" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Bogota", - "geographic_coordinates": "4 36 N, 74 05 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "32 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 1 capital district* (distrito capital); Amazonas, Antioquia, Arauca, Atlantico, Bogota*, Bolivar, Boyaca, Caldas, Caqueta, Casanare, Cauca, Cesar, Choco, Cordoba, Cundinamarca, Guainia, Guaviare, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Narino, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Quindio, Risaralda, Archipielago de San Andres, Providencia y Santa Catalina (colloquially San Andres y Providencia), Santander, Sucre, Tolima, Valle del Cauca, Vaupes, Vichada" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "20 July 1810 (from Spain)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 20 July (1810)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "5 July 1991; amended many times" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system influenced by the Spanish and French civil codes" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Juan Manuel SANTOS Calderon (since 7 August 2010); Vice President Angelino GARZON (since 7 August 2010); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Juan Manuel SANTOS Calderon (since 7 August 2010); Vice President Angelino GARZON (since 7 August 2010)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president", - "elections": "president and vice president elected by popular vote for a four-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 30 May 2010 with a runoff election 20 June 2010 (next to be held in May 2014)", - "election_results": "Juan Manuel SANTOS Calderon elected president in runoff election; percent of vote - Juan Manuel SANTOS Calderon 69.06%, Antanas MOCKUS 27.52%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral Congress or Congreso consists of the Senate or Senado (102 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and the Chamber of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (166 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "Senate - last held on 14 March 2010 (next to be held in March 2014); Chamber of Representatives - last held on 14 March 2010 (next to be held in March 2014)", - "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - U Party 28, PC 22, PL 17, PIN 9, CR 8, PDA 8, Green Party 5, other parties 5; Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - U Party 47, PC 38, PL 37, CR 15, PIN 12, PDA 4, Green Party 3, other parties 10; note - as of 1 January 2011, the Senate currently has 101 seats after one seat became vacant due to a PL senator losing his seat for illegal collusion with the FARC; the Chamber of Representatives also has one seat vacant after only 165 of the 166 candidates were credentialed" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (consists of the Civil-Agrarian and Labor Chambers each with 7 judges, and the Penal Chamber with 9 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 magistrates); Council of State (consists of 27 magistrates)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the Congress from candidates submitted by the president; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court magistrates - 3 nominated by the president, 3 by the Supreme Court, and 3 elected by the Senate; judges elected for individual 2-8 year terms", - "subordinate_courts": "Superior Tribunals (appellate courts for each of the judicial districts); regional courts; civil municipal courts; Superior Military Tribunal; first instance administrative courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Alternative Democratic Pole or PDA [Clara LOPEZ]; Conservative Party or PC [Efrain CEPEDA Sarabia]; Green Party [Jorge LONDONO Ulloa; Enrique PENALOSA]; Liberal Party or PL [Simon GAVIRIA Munoz]; National Integration Party or PIN [Angel ALIRIO Moreno]; Radical Change or CR [Antonio GUERRA de la Espriella]; Social National Unity Party or U Party [Juan Francisco LOZANO Ramirez]", - "note": "Colombia has seven major political parties, and numerous smaller movements" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Central Union of Workers or CUT; Colombian Confederation of Workers or CTC; General Confederation of Workers or CGT; National Liberation Army or ELN; Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia or FARC", - "note": "FARC and ELN are the two largest insurgent groups active in Colombia" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "BCIE, BIS, CAN, Caricom (observer), CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-3, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNSC (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Carlos Alfredo URRUTIA Valenzuela", - "chancery": "2118 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 387-8338", - "fax": "[1] (202) 232-8643", - "consulates_general": "Atlanta, Beverly Hills (CA), Boston, Chicago, Houston, Miami, New York, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico)", - "consulates": "Newark (NJ)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Michael MCKINLEY", - "embassy": "Calle 24 Bis No. 48-50, Bogota, D.C.", - "mailing_address": "Carrera 45 No. 24B-27, Bogota, D.C.", - "telephone": "[57] (1) 275-2000", - "fax": "[57] (1) 275-4600" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double-width), blue, and red; the flag retains the three main colors of the banner of Gran Colombia, the short-lived South American republic that broke up in 1830; various interpretations of the colors exist and include: yellow for the gold in Colombia's land, blue for the seas on its shores, and red for the blood spilled in attaining freedom; alternatively, the colors have been described as representing more elemental concepts such as sovereignty and justice (yellow), loyalty and vigilance (blue), and valor and generosity (red); or simply the principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity", - "note": "similar to the flag of Ecuador, which is longer and bears the Ecuadorian coat of arms superimposed in the center" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Andean condor" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Himno Nacional de la Republica de Colombia\" (National Anthem of the Republic of Colombia)", - "lyrics_music": "Rafael NUNEZ/Oreste SINDICI", - "note": "adopted 1920; the anthem was created from an inspirational poem written by President Rafael NUNEZ" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Colombia's consistently sound economic policies and aggressive promotion of free trade agreements in recent years have bolstered its ability to face external shocks. Real GDP has grown more than 4% per year for the past three years, continuing almost a decade of strong economic performance. All three major ratings agencies have upgraded Colombia's government debt to investment grade. Nevertheless, Colombia depends heavily on oil exports, making it vulnerable to a drop in oil prices. Economic development is stymied by inadequate infrastructure, weakened further by recent flooding. Moreover, the unemployment rate of 10.3% in 2012 is still one of Latin America's highest. The SANTOS Administration's foreign policy has focused on bolstering Colombia's commercial ties and boosting investment at home. The US-Colombia Free Trade Agreement (FTA) was ratified by the US Congress in October 2011 and implemented in 2012. Colombia has signed or is negotiating FTAs with a number of other countries, including Canada, Chile, Mexico, Switzerland, the EU, Venezuela, South Korea, Turkey, Japan, China, Costa Rica, Panama, and Israel. Foreign direct investment - notably in the oil and gas sectors - reached a record $10 billion in 2008 but dropped to $7.2 billion in 2009, before beginning to recover in 2010, and reached a record high of nearly $16 billion in 2012. Colombia is the third largest Latin American exporter of oil to the United States, and the United States' largest source of imported coal. Inequality, underemployment, and narcotrafficking remain significant challenges, and Colombia's infrastructure requires major improvements to sustain economic expansion." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$511.1 billion (2012 est.); $491.5 billion (2011 est.); $460.8 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$366 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "4% (2012 est.); 6.6% (2011 est.); 4% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$11,000 (2012 est.); $10,700 (2011 est.); $10,100 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "20.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 20.9% of GDP (2011 est.); 19.1% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "61.2%", - "government_consumption": "16.5%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "23.9%", - "investment_in_inventories": "-0.4%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "18.3%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-19.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "6.5%", - "industry": "37.5%", - "services": "56% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "coffee, cut flowers, bananas, rice, tobacco, corn, sugarcane, cocoa beans, oilseed, vegetables; shrimp; forest products" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "textiles, food processing, oil, clothing and footwear, beverages, chemicals, cement; gold, coal, emeralds" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "2.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "23.09 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "18%", - "industry": "13%", - "services": "68% (2011 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "10.4% (2012 est.); 10.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "34.1% (2011 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "0.9%", - "highest_10%": "44.4% (2010 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "58.5 (2011); 53.8 (1996)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$107.6 billion", - "expenditures": "$107.1 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "29.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "0.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "40.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 42.9% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "3.2% (2012 est.); 3.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "4.75% (31 December 2011); 5% (31 December 2010)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "12.6% (31 December 2012 est.); 11.22% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$41.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $35.45 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$151.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $119.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$165.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $131.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$201.3 billion (31 December 2011); $208.5 billion (31 December 2010); $133.3 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$13.29 billion (2012 est.); -$9.978 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$59.96 billion (2012 est.); $56.68 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "petroleum, coal, emeralds, coffee, nickel, cut flowers, bananas, apparel" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 39.4%, Spain 5.1%, China 4.9%, Netherlands 4.3% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$53.77 billion (2012 est.); $50.52 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "industrial equipment, transportation equipment, consumer goods, chemicals, paper products, fuels, electricity" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "US 30.2%, China 11.5%, Mexico 10.3%, Brazil 5.2% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$37 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $31.91 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$82.42 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $76.92 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$111.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $95.65 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$31.63 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $31.88 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Colombian pesos (COP) per US dollar -; 1,798 (2012 est.); 1,848 (2011 est.); 1,898.6 (2010 est.); 2,157.6 (2009); 2,243.6 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "56.28 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "46.87 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "1.294 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "8.22 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "13.54 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "32.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "66.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "944,000 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "777,900 bbl/day (2009)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "10 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "2.417 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "316,500 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "287,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "52,680 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "6,045 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "11.26 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "9.08 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "2.18 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "40,290 cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "134.1 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "72.31 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "7.127 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "46.2 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "modern system in many respects with a nationwide microwave radio relay system, a domestic satellite system with 41 earth stations, and a fiber-optic network linking 50 cities; telecommunications sector liberalized during the 1990s; multiple providers of both fixed-line and mobile-cellular services", - "domestic": "fixed-line connections stand at about 15 per 100 persons; mobile cellular telephone subscribership is about 100 per 100 persons; competition among cellular service providers is resulting in falling local and international calling rates and contributing to the steep decline in the market share of fixed line services", - "international": "country code - 57; multiple submarine cable systems provide links to the US, parts of the Caribbean, and Central and South America; satellite earth stations - 10 (6 Intelsat, 1 Inmarsat, 3 fully digitalized international switching centers) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "combination of state-owned and privately owned broadcast media provide service; more than 500 radio stations and many national, regional, and local TV stations (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".co" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "4.41 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "22.538 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "836 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "121", - "over_3_047_m": "2", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "9", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "39", - "914_to_1_523_m": "53", - "under_914_m": "18 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "715", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "25", - "914_to_1_523_m": "201", - "under_914_m": "488 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "3 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 4,991 km; oil 6,796 km; refined products 3,429 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "874 km", - "standard_gauge": "150 km 1.435-m gauge", - "narrow_gauge": "498 km 0.950-m gauge; 226 km 0.914-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "141,374 km (2010)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "24,725 km (18,300 km navigable; the most important waterway, the River Magdalena, of which 1,488 km is navigable, is dredged regularly to ensure the safe passage of cargo vessels and container barges) (2012)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "12", - "by_type": "cargo 9, chemical tanker 1, petroleum tanker 2", - "registered_in_other_countries": "4 (Antigua and Barbuda 1, Panama 2, Portugal 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Atlantic Ocean (Caribbean) - Cartagena, Santa Marta, Turbo; Pacific Ocean - Buenaventura", - "river_ports": "Barranquilla (Rio Magdalena)", - "oil_gas_terminals": "Covenas offshore terminal", - "dry_bulk_cargo_ports": "Puerto Bolivar (coal)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "National Army (Ejercito Nacional), Republic of Colombia Navy (Armada Republica de Colombia, ARC, includes Naval Aviation, Naval Infantry (Infanteria de Marina, IM), and Coast Guard), Colombian Air Force (Fuerza Aerea de Colombia, FAC) (2012)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-24 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; service obligation is 18 months (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "11,692,647", - "females_age_16_49": "11,727,625 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "9,150,400", - "females_age_16_49": "9,861,760 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "430,634", - "female": "413,974 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "3.8% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "in December 2007, ICJ allocated San Andres, Providencia, and Santa Catalina islands to Colombia under 1928 Treaty but did not rule on 82 degrees W meridian as maritime boundary with Nicaragua; managed dispute with Venezuela over maritime boundary and Venezuelan-administered Los Monjes Islands near the Gulf of Venezuela; Colombian-organized illegal narcotics, guerrilla, and paramilitary activities penetrate all neighboring borders and have caused Colombian citizens to flee mostly into neighboring countries; Colombia, Honduras, Nicaragua, Jamaica, and the US assert various claims to Bajo Nuevo and Serranilla Bank" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "idps": "3.9-5.5 million (conflict between government and illegal armed groups and drug traffickers since 1985) (2011)", - "stateless_persons": "12 (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "illicit producer of coca, opium poppy, and cannabis; world's leading coca cultivator with 116,000 hectares in coca cultivation in 2009, a 3% decrease over 2008, producing a potential of 270 mt of pure cocaine; the world's largest producer of coca derivatives; supplies cocaine to nearly all of the US market and the great majority of other international drug markets; in 2010, aerial eradication dispensed herbicide to treat over 101,000 hectares combined with manual eradication of 61,000 hectares; a significant portion of narcotics proceeds are either laundered or invested in Colombia through the black market peso exchange; important supplier of heroin to the US market; opium poppy cultivation is estimated to have fallen to 1,100 hectares in 2009 while pure heroin production declined to 2.1 mt; most Colombian heroin is destined for the US market (2008)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/south-america/ec-ecuador.json b/south-america/ec-ecuador.json deleted file mode 100644 index 9bf44e5c..00000000 --- a/south-america/ec-ecuador.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,636 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "What is now Ecuador formed part of the northern Inca Empire until the Spanish conquest in 1533. Quito became a seat of Spanish colonial government in 1563 and part of the Viceroyalty of New Granada in 1717. The territories of the Viceroyalty - New Granada (Colombia), Venezuela, and Quito - gained their independence between 1819 and 1822 and formed a federation known as Gran Colombia. When Quito withdrew in 1830, the traditional name was changed in favor of the \"Republic of the Equator.\" Between 1904 and 1942, Ecuador lost territories in a series of conflicts with its neighbors. A border war with Peru that flared in 1995 was resolved in 1999. Although Ecuador marked 30 years of civilian governance in 2004, the period was marred by political instability. Protests in Quito contributed to the mid-term ouster of three of Ecuador's last four democratically elected presidents. In late 2008, voters approved a new constitution, Ecuador's 20th since gaining independence. General elections were held in February 2013, and voters re-elected President Rafael CORREA." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator, between Colombia and Peru" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "2 00 S, 77 30 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "South America" - }, - "area": { - "total": "283,561 sq km", - "land": "276,841 sq km", - "water": "6,720 sq km", - "note": "includes Galapagos Islands" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Nevada" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "2,010 km", - "border_countries": "Colombia 590 km, Peru 1,420 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "2,237 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "100 nm from 2,500-m isobath" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "coastal plain (costa), inter-Andean central highlands (sierra), and flat to rolling eastern jungle (oriente)" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Chimborazo 6,267 m", - "note": "due to the fact that the earth is not a perfect sphere and has an equatorial bulge, the highest point on the planet furthest from its center is Mount Chimborazo not Mount Everest, which is merely the highest peak above sea-level" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, fish, timber, hydropower" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "4.51%", - "permanent_crops": "5.38%", - "other": "90.11% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "8,534 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "424.4 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "9.92 cu km/yr (13%/6%/81%)", - "per_capita": "716.1 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "frequent earthquakes; landslides; volcanic activity; floods; periodic droughts", - "volcanism": "volcanic activity concentrated along the Andes Mountains; Sangay (elev. 5,230 m), which erupted in 2010, is mainland Ecuador's most active volcano; other historically active volcanoes in the Andes include Antisana, Cayambe, Chacana, Cotopaxi, Guagua Pichincha, Reventador, Sumaco, and Tungurahua; Fernandina (elev. 1,476 m), a shield volcano that last erupted in 2009, is the most active of the many Galapagos volcanoes; other historically active Galapagos volcanoes include Wolf, Sierra Negra, Cerro Azul, Pinta, Marchena, and Santiago" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution; pollution from oil production wastes in ecologically sensitive areas of the Amazon Basin and Galapagos Islands" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "Cotopaxi in Andes is highest active volcano in world" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Ecuadorian(s)", - "adjective": "Ecuadorian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 71.9%, Montubio 7.4%, Afroecuadorian 7.2%, Amerindian 7%, white 6.1%, other 0.4% (2010 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Spanish (official), indigenous (Quechua, Shuar)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 95%, other 5%" - }, - "demographic_profile": { - "text": "Ecuador's high poverty and income inequality most affect indigenous, mixed race, and rural populations. The government has increased its social spending to ameliorate these problems, but critics question the efficiency and implementation of its national development plan. Nevertheless, the conditional cash transfer program, which requires participants' children to attend school and have medical check-ups, has helped improve educational attainment and healthcare among poor children. Ecuador is stalled at above replacement level fertility and the population most likely will keep growing rather than stabilize. An estimated 2 to 3 million Ecuadorians live abroad, but increased unemployment in key receiving countries - Spain, the United States, and Italy - is slowing emigration and increasing the likelihood of returnees to Ecuador. The first large-scale emigration of Ecuadorians occurred between 1980 and 2000, when an economic crisis drove Ecuadorians from southern provinces to New York City, where they had trade contacts. A second, nationwide wave of emigration in the late 1990s was caused by another economic downturn, political instability, and a currency crisis. Spain was the logical destination because of its shared language and the wide availability of low-skilled, informal jobs at a time when increased border surveillance made illegal migration to the US difficult. Ecuador has a small but growing immigrant population and is Latin America's top recipient of refugees; 98% are neighboring Colombians fleeing violence in their country." - }, - "population": { - "text": "15,439,429 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "29% (male 2,284,815/female 2,193,648)", - "15_24_years": "18.7% (male 1,462,025/female 1,427,181)", - "25_54_years": "38.7% (male 2,908,224/female 3,061,896)", - "55_64_years": "6.9% (male 524,574/female 540,074)", - "65_years_and_over": "6.7% (male 496,557/female 540,435) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "57.4 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "47.2 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "10.3 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "9.8 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "26.3 years", - "male": "25.7 years", - "female": "26.9 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.4% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "19.23 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "5.03 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.25 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "67% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "Guayaquil 2.634 million; QUITO (capital) 1.622 million (2011)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.95 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.92 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "21.8 (2004 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "110 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "18.48 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "21.73 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "15.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "76.15 years", - "male": "73.2 years", - "female": "79.25 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.33 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "72.7% (2004)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "8.1% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.48 physicians/1,000 population (2000)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.5 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 96% of population; rural: 89% of population; total: 94% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 4% of population; rural: 11% of population; total: 6% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 96% of population; rural: 84% of population; total: 92% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 4% of population; rural: 16% of population; total: 8% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.4% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "37,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "2,200 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever and malaria (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "21.4% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "6.2% (2004)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "4.9% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "91.6%", - "male": "93.1%", - "female": "90.2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "14 years", - "male": "13 years", - "female": "14 years (2008)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "227,599", - "percentage": "8 % (2008 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "14.1%", - "male": "11.7%", - "female": "18.1% (2009)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Ecuador", - "conventional_short_form": "Ecuador", - "local_long_form": "Republica del Ecuador", - "local_short_form": "Ecuador" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Quito", - "geographic_coordinates": "0 13 S, 78 30 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "24 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Azuay, Bolivar, Canar, Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Esmeraldas, Galapagos, Guayas, Imbabura, Loja, Los Rios, Manabi, Morona-Santiago, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Pichincha, Santa Elena, Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas, Sucumbios, Tungurahua, Zamora-Chinchipe" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "24 May 1822 (from Spain)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day (independence of Quito), 10 August (1809)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "20 October 2008; this is Ecuador's 20th constitution" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law based on the Chilean civil code with modifications" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18-65 years of age, universal and compulsory; 16-18, over 65, and other eligible voters, optional" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Rafael CORREA Delgado (since 15 January 2007); Vice President Lenin MORENO Garces (since 15 January 2007); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Rafael CORREA Delgado (since 15 January 2007); Vice President Lenin MORENO Garces (since 15 January 2007)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president", - "elections": "the president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a four-year term and can be re-elected for another consecutive term; election last held on 17 February 2013 (next to be held in 2017)", - "election_results": "President Rafael CORREA Delgado reelected president; percent of vote - Rafael CORREA Delgado 57.2%, Guillermo LASSO 22.7%, Lucio GUTIERREZ 6.8%, Mauricio RODAS 3.9%, other 9.4%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (137 seats; members are elected through a party-list proportional representation system to serve four-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 17 February 2013 (next to be held in 2017)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PAIS 100, CREO 11, PSC 6, AVANZA 5, MUPP 5, PSP 5, other 5; note - defections by members of National Assembly are commonplace, resulting in frequent changes in the numbers of seats held by the various parties" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "National Court of Justice or Corte Nacional de Justicia (consists of 21 judges including a chief justice and organized into 5 specialized chambers); Constitutional Court or Corte Constitutional (consists of 11 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "justices of National Court of Justice elected by the Judiciary Council, a 9-member independent body of professionals; judges elected for 9-year, non-renewable terms, with one-third of the judges renewed every 3 years; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Assembly from candidates selected by the president, Supreme Court, and other government officials; judges appointed for 2-year terms", - "subordinate_courts": "Fiscal Tribunal; Superior Court (one for each province); lower provincial and cantonal courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Alianza PAIS movement [Rafael Vicente CORREA Delgado]; Avanza Party or AVANZA [Ramiro GONZALEZ]; Breakaway Party [Martha ROLDOS]; Creating Opportunities Movement or CREO [Guillermo LASSO]; Institutional Renewal and National Action Party or PRIAN [Alvaro NOBOA]; Pachakutik Plurinational Unity Movement or MUPP [Rafael ANTUNI]; Patriotic Society Party or PSP [Lucio GUTIERREZ Borbua]; Plurinational Union Movement of the Left [Alberto ACOSTA]; Roldosist Party or PRE [Abdala BUCARAM Pulley, director]; Social Christian Party or PSC [Pascual DEL CIOPPO]; Socialist Party; Society United for More Action or SUMA [Mauricio RODAS]; Warrior's Spirit Movement [Jaime NEBOT]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador or CONAIE [Humberto CHOLANGO]; Federation of Indigenous Evangelists of Ecuador or FEINE [Manuel CHUGCHILAN, president]; National Federation of Indigenous Afro-Ecuatorianos and Peasants or FENOCIN; National Teacher's Union or UNE [Mariana PALLASCO]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "CAN, CD, CELAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Saskia Nathalie CELY Suarez", - "chancery": "1050 30th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20007", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 465-8140", - "fax": "[1] (202) 333-2893", - "consulates_general": "Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Haven (CT), New Orleans, New York, Newark (NJ), Phoenix, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Adam NAMM", - "embassy": "Avenida Avigiras E12-170 y Avenida Eloy Alfaro, Quito", - "mailing_address": "Avenida Guayacanes N52-205 y Avenida Avigiras", - "telephone": "[593] (2) 398-5000", - "fax": "[593] (2) 398-5100", - "consulates_general": "Guayaquil" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double width), blue, and red with the coat of arms superimposed at the center of the flag; the flag retains the three main colors of the banner of Gran Columbia, the South American republic that broke up in 1830; the yellow color represents sunshine, grain, and mineral wealth, blue the sky, sea, and rivers, and red the blood of patriots spilled in the struggle for freedom and justice", - "note": "similar to the flag of Colombia, which is shorter and does not bear a coat of arms" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Andean condor" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Salve, Oh Patria!\" (We Salute You Our Homeland)", - "lyrics_music": "Juan Leon MERA/Antonio NEUMANE", - "note": "adopted 1948; Juan Leon MERA wrote the lyrics in 1865; only the chorus and second verse are sung" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Ecuador is substantially dependent on its petroleum resources, which have accounted for more than half of the country's export earnings and approximately two-fifths of public sector revenues in recent years. In 1999/2000, Ecuador's economy suffered from a banking crisis, with GDP contracting by 5.3% and poverty increasing significantly. In March 2000, the Congress approved a series of structural reforms that also provided for the adoption of the US dollar as legal tender. Dollarization stabilized the economy, and positive growth returned in the years that followed, helped by high oil prices, remittances, and increased non-traditional exports. From 2002-06 the economy grew an average of 4.3% per year, the highest five-year average in 25 years. After moderate growth in 2007, the economy reached a growth rate of 6.4% in 2008, buoyed by high global petroleum prices and increased public sector investment. President Rafael CORREA, who took office in January 2007, defaulted in December 2008 on Ecuador's sovereign debt, which, with a total face value of approximately US$3.2 billion, represented about 30% of Ecuador's public external debt. In May 2009, Ecuador bought back 91% of its \"defaulted\" bonds via an international reverse auction. Economic policies under the CORREA administration - for example, an announcement in late 2009 of its intention to terminate 13 bilateral investment treaties, including one with the United States - have generated economic uncertainty and discouraged private investment. The Ecuadorian economy slowed to 1% growth in 2009 due to the global financial crisis and to the sharp decline in world oil prices and remittance flows. Growth picked up to a 3.3% rate in 2010 and nearly 8% in 2011, before falling to 5% in 2012. China has become Ecuador's largest foreign lender since Quito defaulted in 2008, allowing the government to maintain a high rate of social spending; Ecuador contracted with the Chinese government for more than $9 billion in oil for cash and project loans as of December 2012." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$155.8 billion (2012 est.); $148.4 billion (2011 est.); $137.4 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$80.93 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "5% (2012 est.); 8% (2011 est.); 3.3% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$10,200 (2012 est.); $9,900 (2011 est.); $9,300 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "26.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 27.5% of GDP (2011 est.); 24.6% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "61.3%", - "government_consumption": "13.5%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "26.5%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.6%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "31%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-33% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "5.9%", - "industry": "35.6%", - "services": "58.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "bananas, coffee, cocoa, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca), plantains, sugarcane; cattle, sheep, pigs, beef, pork, dairy products; fish, shrimp; balsa wood" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "petroleum, food processing, textiles, wood products, chemicals" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "5.8%", - "note": "excludes oil refining (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "6.779 million (December 2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "27.6%", - "industry": "18.8%", - "services": "53.6% (2010)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "4.9% (2012 est.); 4.2% (December 2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "27.3% (December 2012 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1.4%", - "highest_10%": "38.3%", - "note": "data for urban households only (2010 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "47.7 (December 2012); 50.5 (2006)", - "note": "data are for urban households" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$34.53 billion", - "expenditures": "$35.48 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "42.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-1.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "20.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 17.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "5.1% (2012 est.); 4.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "8.17% (31 December 2011); 8.68% (31 December 2010)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "8.17% (31 December 2012 est.); 8.35% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$7.754 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.943 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$26.55 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $22.18 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$22.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $20.05 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$5.779 billion (31 December 2011); $5.263 billion (31 December 2010); $4.248 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$1.387 billion (2012 est.); -$238.4 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$24.65 billion (2012 est.); $23.08 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "petroleum, bananas, cut flowers, shrimp, cacao, coffee, wood, fish" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 37%, Chile 8.1%, Peru 7.1%, Colombia 4.6%, Japan 4.5%, Russia 4.4% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$24.58 billion (2012 est.); $23.24 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "industrial materials, fuels and lubricants, nondurable consumer goods" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "US 28%, China 11.2%, Colombia 9.3%, Peru 4.9% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$2.483 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.958 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$17.71 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $16.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$17.29 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $16.71 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$6.33 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.33 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "the US dollar became Ecuador's currency in 2001" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "21.84 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "14.92 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "14.1 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "1.3 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "4.939 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "56.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "41.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "2.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "504,000 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "366,000 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "154,000 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "6.573 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "198,700 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "280,000 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "28,000 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "111,000 bbl/day (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "330 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "330 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "25,000 cu m (2012 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "7.985 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "24.43 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "2.211 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "15.333 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "elementary fixed-line service, but increasingly sophisticated mobile-cellular network", - "domestic": "fixed-line services provided by multiple telecommunications operators; fixed-line teledensity stands at about 15 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular use has surged and subscribership has reached 100 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 593; landing points for the PAN-AM and South America-1 submarine cables that provide links to the west coast of South America, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, and extending onward to Aruba and the US Virgin Islands in the Caribbean; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "Ecuador has multiple TV networks and many local channels, as well as more than 300 radio stations; many TV and radio stations are privately owned; the government owns or controls 5 national TV stations and multiple radio stations; broadcast media required by law to give the government free air time to broadcast programs produced by the state (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ec" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "170,538 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "3.352 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "432 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "104", - "over_3_047_m": "4", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "5", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "18", - "914_to_1_523_m": "26", - "under_914_m": "51 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "328", - "914_to_1_523_m": "37", - "under_914_m": "291 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "2 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "extra heavy crude 527 km; gas 71 km; oil 2,131 km; refined products 1,526 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "965 km", - "narrow_gauge": "965 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "43,670 km", - "paved": "6,472 km", - "unpaved": "37,198 km (2007)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "1,500 km (most inaccessible) (2012)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "44", - "by_type": "cargo 1, chemical tanker 4, liquefied gas 1, passenger 9, petroleum tanker 28, refrigerated cargo 1", - "registered_in_other_countries": "4 (Panama 3, Peru 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Esmeraldas, Manta, Puerto Bolivar", - "river_ports": "Guayaquil (Guayas)" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Ecuadorian Armed Forces: Ecuadorian Land Force (Fuerza Terrestre Ecuatoriana, FTE), Ecuadorian Navy (Fuerza Naval del Ecuador (FNE), includes Naval Infantry, Naval Aviation, Coast Guard), Ecuadorian Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Ecuatoriana, FAE) (2012)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for selective conscript military service; conscription has been suspended; 18 years of age for voluntary military service; Air Force 18-22 years of age, Ecadorian birth requirement; 1-year service obligation (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "3,728,906", - "females_age_16_49": "3,844,918 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "2,834,213", - "females_age_16_49": "3,269,535 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "152,593", - "female": "147,143 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "2.3% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "organized illegal narcotics operations in Colombia penetrate across Ecuador's shared border, which thousands of Colombians also cross to escape the violence in their home country" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "122,964 (Colombia) (2012)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "significant transit country for cocaine originating in Colombia and Peru, with much of the US-bound cocaine passing through Ecuadorian Pacific waters; importer of precursor chemicals used in production of illicit narcotics; attractive location for cash-placement by drug traffickers laundering money because of dollarization and weak anti-money-laundering regime; increased activity on the northern frontier by trafficking groups and Colombian insurgents\r\n (2008)" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/south-america/gy-guyana.json b/south-america/gy-guyana.json deleted file mode 100644 index e670c736..00000000 --- a/south-america/gy-guyana.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,612 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Originally a Dutch colony in the 17th century, by 1815 Guyana had become a British possession. The abolition of slavery led to black settlement of urban areas and the importation of indentured servants from India to work the sugar plantations. The resulting ethnocultural divide has persisted and has led to turbulent politics. Guyana achieved independence from the UK in 1966, and since then it has been ruled mostly by socialist-oriented governments. In 1992, Cheddi JAGAN was elected president in what is considered the country's first free and fair election since independence. After his death five years later, his wife, Janet JAGAN, became president but resigned in 1999 due to poor health. Her successor, Bharrat JAGDEO, was reelected in 2001 and again in 2006. Donald RAMOTAR was elected president in 2011." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Suriname and Venezuela" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "5 00 N, 59 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "South America" - }, - "area": { - "total": "214,969 sq km", - "land": "196,849 sq km", - "water": "18,120 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Idaho" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "2,949 km", - "border_countries": "Brazil 1,606 km, Suriname 600 km, Venezuela 743 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "459 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the outer edge of the continental margin" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two rainy seasons (May to August, November to January)" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly rolling highlands; low coastal plain; savanna in south" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Mount Roraima 2,835 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "bauxite, gold, diamonds, hardwood timber, shrimp, fish" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "1.95%", - "permanent_crops": "0.13%", - "other": "97.92% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "1,501 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "241 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "1.64 cu km/yr (4%/1%/94%)", - "per_capita": "2,222 cu m/yr (2010)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "flash flood threat during rainy seasons" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "water pollution from sewage and agricultural and industrial chemicals; deforestation" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "the third-smallest country in South America after Suriname and Uruguay; substantial portions of its western and eastern territories are claimed by Venezuela and Suriname respectively" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Guyanese (singular and plural)", - "adjective": "Guyanese" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "East Indian 43.5%, black (African) 30.2%, mixed 16.7%, Amerindian 9.1%, other 0.5% (2002 census)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "English, Amerindian dialects, Creole, Caribbean Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Urdu" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Protestant 30.5% (Pentecostal 16.9%, Anglican 6.9%, Seventh-Day Adventist 5%, Methodist 1.7%), Hindu 28.4%, Roman Catholic 8.1%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.1%, Muslim 7.2%, other Christian 17.7%, other 4.3%, none 4.3% (2002 census)" - }, - "demographic_profile": { - "text": "Guyana is the only English-speaking country in South America and shares cultural and historical bonds with the Anglophone Caribbean. Guyana's two largest ethnic groups are the Afro-Guyanese (descendants of African slaves) and the Indo-Guyanese (descendants of Indian indentured laborers), which together comprise about three quarters of Guyana's population. Tensions periodically have boiled over between the two groups, which back ethnically based political parties and vote along ethnic lines. Poverty reduction has stagnated since the late 1990s. About one-third of the Guyanese population lives below the poverty line; indigenous people are disproportionately affected. Although Guyana's literacy rate is reported to be among the highest in the Western Hemisphere, the level of functional literacy is considerably lower, which has been attributed to poor education quality, teacher training, and infrastructure. Guyana's emigration rate is among the highest in the world - more than 55% of its citizens reside abroad - and it is one of the largest recipients of remittances relative to GDP among Latin American and Caribbean counties. Although remittances are a vital source of income for most citizens, the pervasive emigration of skilled workers deprives Guyana of professionals in healthcare and other key sectors. More than 80% of Guyanese nationals with tertiary level educations have emigrated. Brain drain and the concentration of limited medical resources in Georgetown hamper Guyana's ability to meet the health needs of its predominantly rural population. Guyana has one of the highest HIV prevalence rates in the region and continues to rely on international support for its HIV treatment and prevention programs." - }, - "population": { - "text": "739,903 (July 2013 est.)", - "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "30.2% (male 113,724/female 109,643)", - "15_24_years": "20.7% (male 78,798/female 74,202)", - "25_54_years": "36.9% (male 138,167/female 134,695)", - "55_64_years": "7.2% (male 22,772/female 30,358)", - "65_years_and_over": "5.1% (male 15,276/female 22,268) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "65.3 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "59.6 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.7 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "17.7 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "24.5 years", - "male": "23.7 years", - "female": "25.3 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "-0.21% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "16.31 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "7.18 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-11.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "29% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.5% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "GEORGETOWN (capital) 132,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.75 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.69 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "20.8", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2009 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "280 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "34.45 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "38.59 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "30.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "67.68 years", - "male": "63.83 years", - "female": "71.72 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.21 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "42.5% (2009)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "5.4% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.59 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "2.51 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 93% of population; total: 94% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 7% of population; total: 6% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 88% of population; rural: 82% of population; total: 84% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 12% of population; rural: 18% of population; total: 16% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "1.2% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "5,900 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 500 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever and malaria (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "17.2% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "11.1% (2009)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "3.6% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over has ever attended school", - "total_population": "91.8%", - "male": "92%", - "female": "91.6% (2002 Census)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "11 years", - "male": "10 years", - "female": "11 years (2011)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "30,255", - "percentage": "16 % (2006 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "46.05%", - "male": "43.59%", - "female": "50% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Cooperative Republic of Guyana", - "conventional_short_form": "Guyana", - "former": "British Guiana" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Georgetown", - "geographic_coordinates": "6 48 N, 58 09 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "10 regions; Barima-Waini, Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Demerara-Mahaica, East Berbice-Corentyne, Essequibo Islands-West Demerara, Mahaica-Berbice, Pomeroon-Supenaam, Potaro-Siparuni, Upper Demerara-Berbice, Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "26 May 1966 (from the UK)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Republic Day, 23 February (1970)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "6 October 1980" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "common law system, based on the English model, with some Roman-Dutch civil law influence" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Donald RAMOTAR (since 03 December 2011);", - "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Samuel HINDS (since October 1992, except for a period as chief of state after the death of President Cheddi JAGAN on 6 March 1997)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president, responsible to the legislature", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote as leader of a party list in parliamentary elections, which must be held at least every five years (no term limits); elections last held on 28 November 2011 (next to be called by December 2016); prime minister appointed by the president", - "election_results": "Donald RAMOTAR elected president, percent of vote 48.6%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly (65 seats; members elected by popular vote, also not more than 4 non-elected non-voting ministers and 2 non-elected non-voting parliamentary secretaries appointed by the president; members to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 28 November 2011 (next to be held by November 2016)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - PPP/C 48.6%, APNU 40%, AFC 10.3%, other 1.1%; seats by party - PPP/C 32, APNU 26, AFC 7" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Judicature (consists of the Court of Appeal with a chief justice and 3 justices, and the High Court with a chief justice and 10 justices organized into 3- or 5-judge panels) note - in 2009, Guyana ceased final appeals in civil and criminal cases to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London), replacing it with the Caribbean Court of Justice, the judicial organ of the Caribbean Community", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Court of Appeal and High Court chief justices appointed by the president; other judges of both courts appointed by the Judicial Service Commission, a body appointed by the president; judges appointed for life with retirement at age 65", - "subordinate_courts": "Land Court; magistrates' courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Alliance for Change or AFC [Khemraj RAMJATTAN]; Justice for All Party [C.N. SHARMA]; A Partnership for National Unity or APNU [David GRANGER]; People's Progressive Party/Civic or PPP/C [Donald RAMOTAR]; Rise, Organize, and Rebuild or ROAR [Ravi DEV]; The United Force or TUF [Manzoor NADIR]; The Unity Party [Joey JAGAN]; Vision Guyana [Peter RAMSAROOP]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Amerindian People's Association; Guyana Bar Association; Guyana Citizens Initiative; Guyana Human Rights Association; Guyana Public Service Union or GPSU; Private Sector Commission; Trades Union Congress" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OIC, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Bayney KARRAN", - "chancery": "2490 Tracy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 265-6900", - "fax": "[1] (202) 232-1297", - "consulates_general": "New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador D. Brent HARDT", - "embassy": "US Embassy, 100 Young and Duke Streets, Kingston, Georgetown", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 10507, Georgetown; US Embassy, 3170 Georgetown Place, Washington DC 20521-3170", - "telephone": "[592] 225-4900 through 4909", - "fax": "[592] 225-8497" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "green, with a red isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) superimposed on a long, yellow arrowhead; there is a narrow, black border between the red and yellow, and a narrow, white border between the yellow and the green; green represents forest and foliage; yellow stands for mineral resources and a bright future; white symbolizes Guyana's rivers; red signifies zeal and the sacrifice of the people; black indicates perseverance" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Canje pheasant (hoatzin); jaguar" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Dear Land of Guyana, of Rivers and Plains\"", - "lyrics_music": "Archibald Leonard LUKERL/Robert Cyril Gladstone POTTER", - "note": "adopted 1966" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "The Guyanese economy exhibited moderate economic growth in recent years and is based largely on agriculture and extractive industries. The economy is heavily dependent upon the export of six commodities - sugar, gold, bauxite, shrimp, timber, and rice - which represent nearly 60% of the country's GDP and are highly susceptible to adverse weather conditions and fluctuations in commodity prices. Guyana's entrance into the Caricom Single Market and Economy (CSME) in January 2006 has broadened the country''s export market, primarily in the raw materials sector. Guyana has experienced positive growth almost every year over the past decade. Inflation has been kept under control. Recent years have seen the government''s stock of debt reduced significantly - with external debt now less than half of what it was in the early 1990s. Chronic problems include a shortage of skilled labor and a deficient infrastructure. Despite recent improvements, the government is still juggling a sizable external debt against the urgent need for expanded public investment. In March 2007, the Inter-American Development Bank, Guyana''s principal donor, canceled Guyana''s nearly $470 million debt, equivalent to 21% of GDP, which along with other Highly Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) debt forgiveness brought the debt-to-GDP ratio down from 183% in 2006 to 120% in 2007. Guyana became heavily indebted as a result of the inward-looking, state-led development model pursued in the 1970s and 1980s. Growth slowed in 2009 as a result of the world recession, but picked up in 2010-11, before slowing again in 2012, as a result of a second recession, this focused mainly in Europe. The slowdown in the domestic economy and lower import costs has helped to narrow the country''s current account deficit, despite generally lower earnings from exports." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$6.256 billion (2012 est.); $6.054 billion (2011 est.); $5.741 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$2.788 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.3% (2012 est.); 5.4% (2011 est.); 4.4% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$8,100 (2012 est.); $7,800 (2011 est.); $7,400 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "10.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 11.7% of GDP (2011 est.); 18.3% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "82.2%", - "government_consumption": "14.5%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "21.6%", - "investment_in_inventories": "-9.1%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "63.5%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-72.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "20%", - "industry": "34.8%", - "services": "45.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "sugarcane, rice, edible oils; beef, pork, poultry; shrimp, fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "bauxite, sugar, rice milling, timber, textiles, gold mining" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "313,100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "NA%", - "industry": "NA%", - "services": "NA%" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "11% (2007)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "35% (2006)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1.3%", - "highest_10%": "33.8% (1999)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "44.6 (2007); 43.2 (1999)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$641 million", - "expenditures": "$806.4 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "23% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-5.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "66.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 62.1% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "3% (2012 est.); 2.6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "5.5% (31 December 2011 est.); 4.25% (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "13.9% (31 December 2012 est.); 14.45% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$550.4 million (31 December 2012 est.); $477.4 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$1.696 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $1.499 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$1.223 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.122 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$440.4 million (31 December 2011); $339.8 million (31 December 2010); $287 million (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$324.8 million (2012 est.); -$307.2 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$1.311 billion (2012 est.); $1.182 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "sugar, gold, bauxite, alumina, rice, shrimp, molasses, rum, timber" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 29.7%, Canada 27.8%, UK 5.9%, Trinidad and Tobago 4.2%, Jamaica 4.1% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$2.065 billion (2012 est.); $1.772 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "manufactures, machinery, petroleum, food" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Trinidad and Tobago 23.2%, US 21.3%, China 11.8%, Cuba 6.4%, Suriname 4.3% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$864 million (31 December 2012 est.); $801.8 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$1.846 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $1.234 billion (31 December 2010)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Guyanese dollars (GYD) per US dollar -; 204.36 (2012 est.); 204.02 (2011 est.); 203.64 (2010 est.); 203.95 (2009); 203.86 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "817 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "683 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "343,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "99.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "0.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "10,910 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "10,680 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "1.52 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "152,600 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "528,800 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "fair system for long-distance service; microwave radio relay network for trunk lines; many areas still lack fixed-line telephone services", - "domestic": "fixed-line teledensity is about 20 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity about 70 per 100 persons in 2011", - "international": "country code - 592; tropospheric scatter to Trinidad; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "government-dominated broadcast media; the National Communications Network (NCN) TV is state-owned; a few private TV stations relay satellite services; the state owns and operates 2 radio stations broadcasting on multiple frequencies capable of reaching the entire country; government limits on licensing of new private radio stations continue to constrain competition in broadcast media (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".gy" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "24,936 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "189,600 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "117 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "11", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2", - "914_to_1_523_m": "1", - "under_914_m": "8 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "106", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", - "914_to_1_523_m": "16", - "under_914_m": "89 (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "7,970 km", - "paved": "590 km", - "unpaved": "7,380 km (2000)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "330 km (the Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo rivers are navigable by oceangoing vessels for 150 km, 100 km, and 80 km respectively) (2012)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "10", - "by_type": "cargo 7, petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 1", - "registered_in_other_countries": "3 (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2, unknown 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "major_seaports": "Georgetown" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Guyana Defense Force: Army (includes Air Corps, Coast Guard) (2012)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "16 years of age or younger for voluntary military service; no conscription (2013)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "189,840 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "133,239", - "females_age_16_49": "147,719 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "8,849", - "female": "8,460 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.9% of GDP (2011)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "all of the area west of the Essequibo River is claimed by Venezuela preventing any discussion of a maritime boundary; Guyana has expressed its intention to join Barbados in asserting claims before UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) that Trinidad and Tobago's maritime boundary with Venezuela extends into their waters; Suriname claims a triangle of land between the New and Kutari/Koetari rivers in a historic dispute over the headwaters of the Courantyne; Guyana seeks arbitration under provisions of the UNCLOS to resolve the long-standing dispute with Suriname over the axis of the territorial sea boundary in potentially oil-rich waters" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Guyana is a source and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor; Guyanese and foreign women and girls are forced into prostitution in Guyana; experts are concerned that Guyanese children are subjected to exploitive labor practices in the mining, agriculture, and forestry sectors; Indonesian workers are victims of forced labor on Guyanese-flagged fishing boats", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Guyana does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; despite some progress in identifying and assisting some trafficking victims, the government has failed to increase its efforts to hold trafficking offenders accountable with jail time, creating an enabling environment for human trafficking; public comments from the government downplaying the scope of Guyana's trafficking problem diminishes the potential impact of its awareness campaigns; authorities operate a hotline for trafficking victims and conduct several awareness and sensitization sessions that target vulnerable communities (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "transshipment point for narcotics from South America - primarily Venezuela - to Europe and the US; producer of cannabis; rising money laundering related to drug trafficking and human smuggling" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/south-america/pe-peru.json b/south-america/pe-peru.json deleted file mode 100644 index da0cb997..00000000 --- a/south-america/pe-peru.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,640 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Ancient Peru was the seat of several prominent Andean civilizations, most notably that of the Incas whose empire was captured by Spanish conquistadors in 1533. Peruvian independence was declared in 1821, and remaining Spanish forces were defeated in 1824. After a dozen years of military rule, Peru returned to democratic leadership in 1980, but experienced economic problems and the growth of a violent insurgency. President Alberto FUJIMORI's election in 1990 ushered in a decade that saw a dramatic turnaround in the economy and significant progress in curtailing guerrilla activity. Nevertheless, the president's increasing reliance on authoritarian measures and an economic slump in the late 1990s generated mounting dissatisfaction with his regime, which led to his ouster in 2000. A caretaker government oversaw new elections in the spring of 2001, which installed Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique as the new head of government - Peru's first democratically elected president of indigenous Quechuan ethnicity. The presidential election of 2006 saw the return of Alan GARCIA Perez who, after a disappointing presidential term from 1985 to 1990, oversaw a robust economic rebound. In June 2011, former army officer Ollanta HUMALA Tasso was elected president, defeating Keiko FUJIMORI Higuchi, the daughter of Alberto FUJIMORI. Since his election, HUMALA has carried on the sound, market-oriented economic policies of the three preceding administrations." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "10 00 S, 76 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "South America" - }, - "area": { - "total": "1,285,216 sq km", - "land": "1,279,996 sq km", - "water": "5,220 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Alaska" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "7,461 km", - "border_countries": "Bolivia 1,075 km, Brazil 2,995 km, Chile 171 km, Colombia 1,800 km, Ecuador 1,420 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "2,414 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes in center (sierra), eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva)" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Nevado Huascaran 6,768 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash, hydropower, natural gas" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "2.84%", - "permanent_crops": "0.66%", - "other": "96.5% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "11,960 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "1,913 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "19.34 cu km/yr (8%/10%/82%)", - "per_capita": "727.6 cu m/yr (2005)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity", - "volcanism": "volcanic activity in the Andes Mountains; Ubinas (elev. 5,672 m), which last erupted in 2009, is the country's most active volcano; other historically active volcanoes include El Misti, Huaynaputina, Sabancaya, and Yucamane" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation (some the result of illegal logging); overgrazing of the slopes of the costa and sierra leading to soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Lima; pollution of rivers and coastal waters from municipal and mining wastes" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake, with Bolivia; a remote slope of Nevado Mismi, a 5,316 m peak, is the ultimate source of the Amazon River" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Peruvian(s)", - "adjective": "Peruvian" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Amerindian 45%, mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 37%, white 15%, black, Japanese, Chinese, and other 3%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Spanish (official) 84.1%, Quechua (official) 13%, Aymara (official) 1.7%, Ashaninka 0.3%, other native languages (includes a large number of minor Amazonian languages) 0.7%, other 0.2% (2007 Census)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 81.3%, Evangelical 12.5%, other 3.3%, unspecified or none 2.9% (2007 Census)" - }, - "demographic_profile": { - "text": "Peru's urban and coastal communities have benefited much more from recent economic growth than rural, Afro-Peruvian, indigenous, and poor populations of the Amazon and mountain regions. The poverty rate has dropped substantially during the last decade but remains stubbornly high at about 30% (more than 55% in rural areas). After remaining almost static for about a decade, Peru's malnutrition rate began falling in 2005, when the government introduced a coordinated strategy focusing on hygiene, sanitation, and clean water. School enrollment has improved, but achievement scores reflect ongoing problems with educational quality. Many poor children temporarily or permanently drop out of school to help support their families. About a quarter to a third of Peruvian children aged 6 to 14 work, often putting in long hours at hazardous mining or construction sites. Peru was a country of immigration in the 19th and early 20th centuries, but has become a country of emigration in the last few decades. Beginning in the 19th century, Peru brought in Asian contract laborers mainly to work on coastal plantations. Populations of Chinese and Japanese descent - among the largest in Latin America - are economically and culturally influential in Peru today. Peruvian emigration began rising in the 1980s due to an economic crisis and a violent internal conflict, but outflows have stabilized in the last few years as economic conditions have improved. Nonetheless, more than 2 million Peruvians have emigrated in the last decade, principally to the US, Spain, and Argentina." - }, - "population": { - "text": "29,849,303 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "27.6% (male 4,197,698/female 4,053,852)", - "15_24_years": "19.4% (male 2,894,420/female 2,891,714)", - "25_54_years": "39.2% (male 5,633,249/female 6,056,017)", - "55_64_years": "7.1% (male 1,039,975/female 1,086,428)", - "65_years_and_over": "6.7% (male 947,349/female 1,048,601) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "54.2 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "44.4 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "9.9 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "10.1 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "26.7 years", - "male": "26 years", - "female": "27.4 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "18.85 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "5.97 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-2.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "77% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "LIMA (capital) 8.769 million; Arequipa 778,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.93 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.96 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.9 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.97 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "22.3", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2011 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "67 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "20.85 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "23.1 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "18.49 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "72.98 years", - "male": "71.01 years", - "female": "75.05 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.25 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "68.9% (2011)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "5.1% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.92 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.5 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 91% of population; rural: 65% of population; total: 85% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 9% of population; rural: 35% of population; total: 15% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 81% of population; rural: 37% of population; total: 71% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 19% of population; rural: 63% of population; total: 29% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.4% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "75,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "5,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_disease": "dengue fever, malaria, and Bartonellosis (Oroya fever) (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "15.7% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "4.5% (2008)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "2.6% of GDP (2011)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "89.6%", - "male": "94.9%", - "female": "84.6% (2007 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "13 years", - "male": "13 years", - "female": "13 years (2010)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "2,545,855", - "percentage": "34 %", - "note": "data represents children ages 5-17 (2007 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "16.2% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Peru", - "conventional_short_form": "Peru", - "local_long_form": "Republica del Peru", - "local_short_form": "Peru" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "constitutional republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Lima", - "geographic_coordinates": "12 03 S, 77 03 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "25 regions (regiones, singular - region) and 1 province* (provincia); Amazonas, Ancash, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Callao, Cusco, Huancavelica, Huanuco, Ica, Junin, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Lima*, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Martin, Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali", - "note": "Callao, the largest port in Peru, is also referred to as a constitutional province, the only province of the the Callao region" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "28 July 1821 (from Spain)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 28 July (1821)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "29 December 1993" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory until the age of 70" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Ollanta HUMALA Tasso (since 28 July 2011); First Vice President Marisol ESPINOZA Cruz (since 28 July 2011); Second Vice President (vacant); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Ollanta HUMALA Tasso (since 28 July 2011); First Vice President Marisol ESPINOZA Cruz (since 28 July 2011); Second Vice President (vacant)", - "note": "Prime Minister Juan Federico JIMENEZ Mayor (since 23 July 2012) does not exercise executive power; this power rests with the president", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for nonconsecutive reelection); presidential and congressional elections last held on 10 April 2011 with runoff election held on 6 June 2011 (next to be held in April 2016)", - "election_results": "Ollanta HUMALA Tasso elected president in runoff election; percent of vote - Ollanta HUMALA Tasso 51.5%, Keiko FUJIMORI Higuchi 48.5%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral Congress of the Republic of Peru or Congreso de la Republica del Peru (130 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 10 April 2011 (next to be held in April 2016)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - Gana Peru 25.3%, Fuerza 2011 23%, PP 14.8%, Alliance for Great Change 14.4%, National Solidarity 10.2%, Peruvian Aprista Party 6.4%, other 5.9%; seats by party - Gana Peru 47, Fuerza 2011 37, PP 21, Alliance for Great Change 12, National Solidarity 9, Peruvian Aprista Party 4; note - defections by members of National Assembly are commonplace, resulting in frequent changes in the numbers of seats held by the various parties" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of 16 judges and divided into civil, criminal, and constitutional-social sectors)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "justices proposed by the National Council of the Judiciary or National Judicial Council (a 7-member independent body), nominated by the president, and confirmed by the Congress (all appointments reviewed by the Council every 7 years; justices appointed for life or until age 70", - "subordinate_courts": "Court of Constitutional Guarantees; Superior Courts or Cortes Superiores; specialized civil, criminal, and mixed courts; two types of peace courts in which professional judges and selected members of the local communities preside" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Alliance for Great Change (Alianza por el Gran Cambio) (a coalition of the Alliance for Progress, Humanist Party, National Restoration Party, and Popular Christian Party) [Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI]; Fuerza 2011 [Keiko FUJIMORI Higuchi]; Gana Peru (a coalition of Lima Para Todos, Peruvian Communist Party, Peruvian Nationalist Party, and Peruvian Socialist Party) [Ollanta HUMALA Tasso]; National Solidarity (Solidaridad Nacional) or SN (a coalition of Cambio 90, Siempre Unidos, Todos por el Peru, and Union for Peru or UPP) [Luis CASTANEDA Lossio]; Peru Posible or PP (a coalition of Accion Popular and Somos Peru) [Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique]; Peruvian Aprista Party (Partido Aprista Peruano) or PAP [Alan GARCIA Perez] (also referred to by its original name Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana or APRA)" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "General Workers Confederation of Peru (Confederacion General de Trabajadores del Peru) or CGTP [Mario HUAMAN]; Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) or SL [Abimael GUZMAN Reynoso (imprisoned), Victor QUISPE Palomino (top leader at-large)] (leftist guerrilla group)" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "APEC, BIS, CAN, CD, CELAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Harold Winston FORSYTH Mejia", - "chancery": "1700 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 833-9860 through 9869", - "fax": "[1] (202) 659-8124", - "consulates_general": "Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Hartford (CT), Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Paterson (NJ), San Francisco" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Rose M. LIKINS", - "embassy": "Avenida La Encalada, Cuadra 17 s/n, Surco, Lima 33", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 1995, Lima 1; American Embassy (Lima), APO AA 34031-5000", - "telephone": "[51] (1) 618-2000", - "fax": "[51] (1) 618-2397" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), white, and red with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a shield bearing a vicuna (representing fauna), a cinchona tree (the source of quinine, signifying flora), and a yellow cornucopia spilling out coins (denoting mineral wealth); red recalls blood shed for independence, white symbolizes peace" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "vicuna (a camelid related to the llama)" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Himno Nacional del Peru\" (National Anthem of Peru)", - "lyrics_music": "Jose DE LA TORRE Ugarte/Jose Bernardo ALZEDO", - "note": "adopted 1822; the song won a national contest for an anthem" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Peru's economy reflects its varied geography - an arid lowland coastal region, the central high sierra of the Andes, the dense forest of the Amazon, with tropical lands bordering Colombia and Brazil. A wide range of important mineral resources are found in the mountainous and coastal areas, and Peru's coastal waters provide excellent fishing grounds. The Peruvian economy has been growing by an average of 6.4% per year since 2002 with a stable/slightly appreciating exchange rate and low inflation, which in 2013 is expected to be below the upper limit of the Central Bank target range of 1 to 3%. Growth has been in the 6-9% range for the last three years, due partly to a leap in private investment, especially in the extractive sector, which accounts for more than 60% of Peru's total exports. Despite Peru's strong macroeconomic performance, dependence on minerals and metals exports and imported foodstuffs subjects the economy to fluctuations in world prices. Poor infrastructure hinders the spread of growth to Peru's non-coastal areas. Peru's rapid expansion coupled with cash transfers and other programs have helped to reduce the national poverty rate by 23 percentage points since 2002, but inequality persists and continues to pose a challenge for the new Ollanta HUMALA administration, which has championed a policy of social inclusion and a more equitable distribution of income. Peru's free trade policy has continued under the HUMALA administration; since 2006, Peru has signed trade deals with the US, Canada, Singapore, China, Korea, Mexico, Japan, the European Free Trade Association, Chile, and four other countries; concluded negotiations with Venezuela, Costa Rica, and Guatemala; and begun trade talks with two other Central American countries and the Trans-Pacific Partnership. Peru also has signed a trade pact with Chile, Colombia, and Mexico called the Pacific Alliance that rivals Mercosur in combined population, GDP, and trade. The US-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement entered into force 1 February 2009, opening the way to greater trade and investment between the two economies. Although Peru has continued to attract foreign investment, political activism and protests are hampering development of some projects related to natural resource extraction." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$332 billion (2012 est.); $312.4 billion (2011 est.); $292.2 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$199 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "6.3% (2012 est.); 6.9% (2011 est.); 8.8% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$10,900 (2012 est.); $10,400 (2011 est.); $9,900 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "23.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 23.4% of GDP (2011 est.); 22.8% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "61.7%", - "government_consumption": "10.5%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "26.6%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.2%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "25.5%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-24.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "6.4%", - "industry": "36.3%", - "services": "57.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "asparagus, coffee, cocoa, cotton, sugarcane, rice, potatoes, corn, plantains, grapes, oranges, pineapples, guavas, bananas, apples, lemons, pears, coca, tomatoes, mangoes, barley, medicinal plants, palm oil, marigold, onion, wheat, dry beans; poultry, beef, pork, dairy products; guinea pigs; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "mining and refining of minerals; steel, metal fabrication; petroleum extraction and refining, natural gas and natural gas liquefaction; fishing and fish processing, cement, glass, textiles, clothing, food processing, beer, soft drinks, rubber, machinery, electrical machinery, chemicals, furniture" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "16.2 million", - "note": "individuals older than 14 years of age (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "0.7%", - "industry": "23.8%", - "services": "75.5% (2005)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "6.8% (2012 est.); 7.7% (2011 est.)", - "note": "data are for metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "27.8% (2011 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1.4%", - "highest_10%": "36.1% (2010 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "46 (2010); 51 (2005)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$62.19 billion", - "expenditures": "$57.9 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "31.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "2.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "16.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 19.9% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued by government entities other than the treasury; the data exclude treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "3.7% (2012 est.); 3.4% (2011 est.)", - "note": "data are for metropolitan Lima, annual average" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "5.05% (31 December 2012); 5.05% (31 December 2011)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "19.23% (31 December 2012 est.); 18.69% (31 December 2011 est.)", - "note": "domestic currency lending rate, 90 day maturity" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$32.66 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $25.35 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$73.97 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $64.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$37.15 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $33.37 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$153.4 billion (31 December 2012); $121.6 billion (31 December 2011); $160.9 billion (31 December 2010)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$7.136 billion (2012 est.); -$3.341 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$45.64 billion (2012 est.); $46.27 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "copper, gold, lead, zinc, tin, iron ore, molybdenum, silver; crude petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas; coffee, asparagus and other vegetables, fruit, apparel and textiles, fishmeal, fish, chemicals, fabricated metal products and machinery, alloys" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "China 19.7%, US 15.5%, Canada 9.4%, Japan 6.5%, Spain 5.2%, Chile 4.8% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$41.11 billion (2012 est.); $36.97 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, plastics, machinery, vehicles, color TV sets, power shovels, front-end loaders, telephones and telecommunication equipment, iron and steel, wheat, corn, soybean products, paper, cotton, vaccines and medicines" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "US 24.4%, China 13.9%, Brazil 6.3%, Argentina 5.4%, Chile 4.7%, Ecuador 4.5%, Colombia 4.2% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$64.17 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $48.93 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$52.59 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $43.52 billion (31 December 2011 est.)", - "note": "public debt component of total: $20.6 billion (31 December 2009)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$63.51 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $51.21 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$3.041 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.099 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "nuevo sol (PEN) per US dollar -; 2.6376 (2012 est.); 2.7541 (2011 est.); 2.8251 (2010 est.); 3.0115 (2009); 2.91 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "38.7 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "34.25 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "6 million kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "7.982 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "59% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "41% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "152,600 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "18,880 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "99,590 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "586.1 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "173,700 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "172,600 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "60,720 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "38,390 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "31.12 billion cu m (2011)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "5.41 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "3.59 billion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2011)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "352.8 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "41.88 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "3.688 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "32.461 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "adequate for most requirements; nationwide microwave radio relay system and a domestic satellite system with 12 earth stations", - "domestic": "fixed-line teledensity is only about 12 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity, spurred by competition among multiple providers, exceeds 100 telephones per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 51; the South America-1 (SAM-1) and Pan American (PAN-AM) submarine cable systems provide links to parts of Central and South America, the Caribbean, and US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "10 major TV networks of which only one, Television Nacional de Peru, is state-owned; multi-channel cable TV services are available; in excess of 2,000 radio stations including a substantial number of indigenous language stations (2010)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".pe" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "234,102 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "9.158 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "191 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "59", - "over_3_047_m": "5", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "21", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "16", - "914_to_1_523_m": "12", - "under_914_m": "5 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "132", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "19", - "914_to_1_523_m": "30", - "under_914_m": "82 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "5 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "extra heavy crude 786 km; gas 1,526 km; liquid petroleum gas 679 km; oil 1,033 km; refined products 15 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "1,907 km", - "standard_gauge": "1,772 km 1.435-m gauge", - "narrow_gauge": "135 km 0.914-m gauge (2012)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "140,672 km (of which 18,698 km are paved)", - "note": "includes 24,593 km of national roads (of which 14,748 km are paved), 24,235 km of departmental roads (2,340 km paved), and 91,844 km of local roads (1,611 km paved) (2012)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "8,808 km (there are 8,600 km of navigable tributaries on the Amazon system and 208 km on Lago Titicaca) (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "22", - "by_type": "cargo 2, chemical tanker 5, liquefied gas 2, petroleum tanker 13", - "foreign_owned": "8 (Chile 6, Ecuador 1, Spain 1)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "9 (Panama 9) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Callao, Iquitos, Matarani, Paita, Pucallpa, Yurimaguas; note - Iquitos, Pucallpa, and Yurimaguas are on the upper reaches of the Amazon and its tributaries", - "oil_terminals": "Conchan oil terminal, La Pampilla oil terminal" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Peruvian Army (Ejercito Peruano), Peruvian Navy (Marina de Guerra del Peru, MGP; includes naval air, naval infantry, and Coast Guard), Air Force of Peru (Fuerza Aerea del Peru, FAP) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-50 years of age for male and 18-45 years of age for female voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "7,385,588", - "females_age_16_49": "7,727,623 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "5,788,629", - "females_age_16_49": "6,565,097 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "304,094", - "female": "298,447 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "Chile and Ecuador rejected Peru's November 2005 unilateral legislation to shift the axis of their joint treaty-defined maritime boundaries along the parallels of latitude to equidistance lines which favor Peru; organized illegal narcotics operations in Colombia have penetrated Peru's shared border; Peru rejects Bolivia's claim to restore maritime access through a sovereign corridor through Chile along the Peruvian border" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "idps": "150,000 (civil war from 1980-2000; most IDPs are indigenous peasants in Andean and Amazonian regions; as of 2011, no new information on the situation of these IDPs) (2011)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru is now the world's second largest producer of coca leaf, though it lags far behind Colombia; cultivation of coca in Peru was estimated at 40,000 hectares in 2009, a slight decrease over 2008; second largest producer of cocaine, estimated at 225 metric tons of potential pure cocaine in 2009; finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market; increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipment to Europe and Africa; increasing domestic drug consumption" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/south-america/py-paraguay.json b/south-america/py-paraguay.json deleted file mode 100644 index e69485d5..00000000 --- a/south-america/py-paraguay.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,617 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Paraguay achieved its independence from Spain in 1811. In the disastrous War of the Triple Alliance (1865-70) - between Paraguay and Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay - Paraguay lost two-thirds of all its adult males and much of its territory. The country stagnated economically for the next half century. Following the Chaco War of 1932-35 with Bolivia, Paraguay gained a large part of the Chaco lowland region. The 35-year military dictatorship of Alfredo STROESSNER ended in 1989, and, despite a marked increase in political infighting in recent years, Paraguay has held relatively free and regular presidential elections since the country's return to democracy." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Central South America, northeast of Argentina, southwest of Brazil" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "23 00 S, 58 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "South America" - }, - "area": { - "total": "406,752 sq km", - "land": "397,302 sq km", - "water": "9,450 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than California" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "3,995 km", - "border_countries": "Argentina 1,880 km, Bolivia 750 km, Brazil 1,365 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "subtropical to temperate; substantial rainfall in the eastern portions, becoming semiarid in the far west" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "grassy plains and wooded hills east of Rio Paraguay; Gran Chaco region west of Rio Paraguay mostly low, marshy plain near the river, and dry forest and thorny scrub elsewhere" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "junction of Rio Paraguay and Rio Parana 46 m", - "highest_point": "Cerro Pero 842 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "hydropower, timber, iron ore, manganese, limestone" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "9.59%", - "permanent_crops": "0.22%", - "other": "90.19% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "670 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "336 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.49 cu km/yr (20%/8%/71%)", - "per_capita": "88.05 cu m/yr (2000)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "local flooding in southeast (early September to June); poorly drained plains may become boggy (early October to June)" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation; water pollution; inadequate means for waste disposal pose health risks for many urban residents; loss of wetlands" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "landlocked; lies between Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil; population concentrated in southern part of country" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Paraguayan(s)", - "adjective": "Paraguayan" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "mestizo (mixed Spanish and Amerindian) 95%, other 5%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Spanish (official), Guarani (official)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 89.6%, Protestant 6.2%, other Christian 1.1%, other or unspecified 1.9%, none 1.1% (2002 census)" - }, - "demographic_profile": { - "text": "Paraguay falls below the Latin American average in several socioeconomic categories, including immunization rates, potable water, sanitation, and secondary school enrollment, and has greater rates of income inequality and child and maternal mortality. Paraguay's poverty rate has declined in recent years but remains high, especially in rural areas, with more than a third of the population below the poverty line. However, the well-being of the poor in many regions has improved in terms of housing quality and access to clean water, telephone service, and electricity. The fertility rate continues to drop, declining sharply from an average 4.3 births per woman in the late 1990s to about 2 in 2013, as a result of the greater educational attainment of women, increased use of contraception, and a desire for smaller families among young women. Paraguay is a country of emigration; it has not attracted large numbers of immigrants because of political instability, civil wars, years of dictatorship, and the greater appeal of neighboring countries. Paraguay first tried to encourage immigration in 1870 in order to rebound from the heavy death toll it suffered during the War of the Triple Alliance, but it received few European and Middle Eastern immigrants. In the 20th century, limited numbers of immigrants arrived from Lebanon, Japan, South Korea, and China, as well as Mennonites from Canada, Russia, and Mexico. Large flows of Brazilian immigrants have been arriving since the 1960s, mainly to work in agriculture. Paraguayans continue to emigrate to Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, the United States, Italy, Spain, and France." - }, - "population": { - "text": "6,623,252 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "26.8% (male 903,578/female 873,079)", - "15_24_years": "20.8% (male 692,006/female 684,297)", - "25_54_years": "39% (male 1,294,037/female 1,290,376)", - "55_64_years": "6.9% (male 234,803/female 224,862)", - "65_years_and_over": "6.4% (male 198,529/female 227,685) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "61 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "52.2 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "8.8 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "11.4 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "26.3 years", - "male": "26.1 years", - "female": "26.5 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.23% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "16.95 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "4.61 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-0.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "61% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "2.5% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "ASUNCION (capital) 1.977 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.87 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.01 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { - "text": "22.9", - "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2008 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "99 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "21.48 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "25.21 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "17.57 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "76.6 years", - "male": "73.97 years", - "female": "79.35 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.01 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "79.4%", - "note": "percent of women aged 15-44 (2008)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "5.9% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.11 physicians/1,000 population (2002)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.3 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 66% of population; total: 86% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 34% of population; total: 14% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 90% of population; rural: 40% of population; total: 71% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 10% of population; rural: 60% of population; total: 29% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.3% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "13,000 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 500 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "intermediate", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_disease": "dengue fever (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "17.9% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "3.4% (2005)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "4.1% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "93.9%", - "male": "94.8%", - "female": "92.9% (2010 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "12 years", - "male": "12 years", - "female": "12 years (2010)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "205,297", - "percentage": "15 % (2004 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "17.8%", - "male": "9.7%", - "female": "13% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Paraguay", - "conventional_short_form": "Paraguay", - "local_long_form": "Republica del Paraguay", - "local_short_form": "Paraguay" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "constitutional republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Asuncion", - "geographic_coordinates": "25 16 S, 57 40 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins first Sunday in October; ends fourth Sunday in March" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "17 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 1 capital city*; Alto Paraguay, Alto Parana, Amambay, Asuncion*, Boqueron, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Canindeyu, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Guaira, Itapua, Misiones, Neembucu, Paraguari, Presidente Hayes, San Pedro" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "14 May 1811 (from Spain)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 14 May 1811 (observed 15 May)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "promulgated 20 June 1992" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system with influences from Argentine, Spanish, Roman, and French civil law models; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court of Justice" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory until the age of 75" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Horacio CARTES (since 15 August 2013); Vice President Juan AFARA (since 15 August 2013); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Horacio CARTES (since 15 August 2013); Vice President Juan AFARA (since 15 August 2013)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president", - "elections": "president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a single five-year term; election last held on 21 April 2013 (next to be held in April 2018)", - "election_results": "Horacio CARTES elected president; percent of vote - Horacio CARTES 45.8%, Efrain ALEGRE 36.94%, Mario FERREIRO 5.88%, Anibal CARRILLO 3.32%, other 8.06%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of the Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (45 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (80 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "Chamber of Senators - last held on 21 April 2013 (next to be held in April 2018); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 21 April 2013 (next to be held in April 2018)", - "election_results": "Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ANR 19, PLRA 12, FG 5, PDP 3, Avanza Pais 2, UNACE 2, PEN 1, PPQ 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ANR 44, PLRA 27, Avanza Pais 2, PEN 2, UNACE 2, FG 1, PPQ 1, other 1" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (consists of 9 justices divided 3 each into the Constitutional Court, Civil and Commercial Chamber, and Criminal Division", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "justices proposed by the Council of Magistrates or Consejo de la Magistratura, a 6-member independent body, and appointed by the Chamber of Senators with presidential concurrence; judges appointed until mandatory retirement at age 75", - "subordinate_courts": "appellate courts; first instance courts; minor courts, including justices of the peace" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Alianza Patriotica por el Cambio (Patriotic Alliance for Change) or APC; Asociacion Nacional Republicana - Colorado Party or ANR [Lilian SAMANIEGO]; Avanza Pais coalition [Mario FERREIRO]; Broad Front coalition (Frente Guazu) or FG [Fernando Armindo LUGO Mendez]; Movimiento Popolar Tekojoja or Tekojoja [Sixto PEREIRA]; Movimiento Union Nacional de Ciudadanos Eticos or UNACE; Patria Querida (Beloved Fatherland Party) or PPQ [Sebastian ACHA]; Partido del Movimiento al Socialismo or P-MAS [Camilo Ernesto SOARES Machado]; Partido Democratica Progresista or PDP [Rafael Augusto FILIZZOLA Serra]; Partido Encuentro Nacional or PEN [Fernando CAMACHO Paredes]; Partido Liberal Radical Autentico or PLRA [Blas Antonio LLANO Ramos]; Partido Pais Solidario or PPS [Carlos Alberto FILIZZOLA Pallares]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Ahorristas Estafados or AE; National Coordinating Board of Campesino Organizations or MCNOC [Luis AGUAYO]; National Federation of Campesinos or FNC [Odilon ESPINOLA]; National Workers Central or CNT [Secretary General Juan TORRALES]; Paraguayan Workers Confederation or CPT; Roman Catholic Church; Unitary Workers Central or CUT [Jorge Guzman ALVARENGA Malgarejo]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "CAN (associate), CD, CELAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (suspended), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Fernando Antonio PFANNL Caballero", - "chancery": "2400 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 483-6960 through 6962", - "fax": "[1] (202) 234-4508", - "consulates_general": "Los Angeles, Miami, New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "text": "Ambassador James H. THESSIN", - "embassy": "1776 Avenida Mariscal Lopez, Casilla Postal 402, Asuncion", - "mailing_address": "Unit 4711, DPO AA 34036-0001", - "telephone": "[595] (21) 213-715", - "fax": "[595] (21) 213-728" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal, horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue with an emblem centered in the white band; unusual flag in that the emblem is different on each side; the obverse (hoist side at the left) bears the national coat of arms (a yellow five-pointed star within a green wreath capped by the words REPUBLICA DEL PARAGUAY, all within two circles); the reverse (hoist side at the right) bears a circular seal of the treasury (a yellow lion below a red Cap of Liberty and the words PAZ Y JUSTICIA (Peace and Justice)); red symbolizes bravery and patriotism, white represents integrity and peace, and blue denotes liberty and generosity", - "note": "the three color bands resemble those on the flag of the Netherlands; one of only three national flags that differ on their obverse and reverse sides - the others are Moldova and Saudi Arabia" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "lion" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Paraguayos, Republica o muerte!\" (Paraguayans, The Republic or Death!)", - "lyrics_music": "Francisco Esteban ACUNA de Figueroa/disputed", - "note": "adopted 1934, in use since 1846; the anthem was officially adopted following its re-arrangement in 1934" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Landlocked Paraguay has a market economy distinguished by a large informal sector, featuring re-export of imported consumer goods to neighboring countries, as well as the activities of thousands of microenterprises and urban street vendors. A large percentage of the population, especially in rural areas, derives its living from agricultural activity, often on a subsistence basis. Because of the importance of the informal sector, accurate economic measures are difficult to obtain. On a per capita basis, real income has stagnated at 1980 levels. The economy grew rapidly between 2003 and 2008 as growing world demand for commodities combined with high prices and favorable weather to support Paraguay's commodity-based export expansion. Paraguay is the sixth largest soy producer in the world. Drought hit in 2008, reducing agricultural exports and slowing the economy even before the onset of the global recession. The economy fell 3.8% in 2009, as lower world demand and commodity prices caused exports to contract. The government reacted by introducing fiscal and monetary stimulus packages. Growth resumed at a 13% level in 2010, the highest in South America, but slowed to about 4% in 2011 as the stimulus subsided. In 2012, severe drought and outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease led to a drop in beef and other agricultural exports and the economy contracted about 0.5%. Political uncertainty, corruption, limited progress on structural reform, and deficient infrastructure are the main obstacles to long-term growth." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$41.55 billion (2012 est.); $42.05 billion (2011 est.); $40.3 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$26 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "-1.2% (2012 est.); 4.3% (2011 est.); 13.1% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$6,200 (2012 est.); $6,400 (2011 est.); $6,300 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "72.8%", - "government_consumption": "12.2%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "14.6%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.3%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "46.8%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-46.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "15.9%", - "industry": "17.3%", - "services": "66.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "cotton, sugarcane, soybeans, corn, wheat, tobacco, cassava (tapioca), fruits, vegetables; beef, pork, eggs, milk; timber" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "sugar, cement, textiles, beverages, wood products, steel, metallurgic, electric power" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "4.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "3.137 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "26.5%", - "industry": "18.5%", - "services": "55% (2008)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "6.9% (2012 est.); 6.6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "34.7% (2010 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1%", - "highest_10%": "41.1% (2010 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "53.2 (2009); 57.7 (1998)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$4.665 billion", - "expenditures": "$5.109 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "17.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-1.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "14.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 12.37% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "3.7% (2012 est.); 8.3% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "5.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 6% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "29.1% (31 December 2012 est.); 28.94% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$4.135 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.642 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$10.11 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $8.452 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$9.747 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $7.786 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$958.1 million (31 December 2011); $42 million (31 December 2010); $409.1 million (31 December 2006)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$1.17 billion (2012 est.); -$549.9 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$9.743 billion (2012 est.); $10.39 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "soybeans, feed, cotton, meat, edible oils, wood, leather" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Uruguay 18.3%, Argentina 16.3%, Brazil 16.2%, Russia 11.8% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$11.24 billion (2012 est.); $12.07 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "road vehicles, consumer goods, tobacco, petroleum products, electrical machinery, tractors, chemicals, vehicle parts" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "Brazil 24.1%, China 19.4%, Argentina 19.2%, US 11.4% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$4.995 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.983 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$5.957 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.013 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$4.425 million (31 December 2012); $3.86 million (31 December 2011)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "guarani (PYG) per US dollar -; 4,424.9 (2012 est.); 4,191.4 (2011 est.); 4,735.5 (2010 est.); 4,965.4 (2009); 4,337.7 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "54.41 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "6.237 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "43.38 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "8.816 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "0.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "99.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0.01 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "26,820 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "23,810 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "4.394 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "372,400 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "6.529 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "the fixed-line market is a state monopoly and fixed-line telephone service is meager; principal switching center is in Asuncion", - "domestic": "deficiencies in provision of fixed-line service have resulted in a rapid expansion of mobile-cellular services fostered by competition among multiple providers", - "international": "country code - 595; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "6 privately owned TV stations; about 75 commercial and community radio stations; 1 state-owned radio network (2010)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".py" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "280,658 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "1.105 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "799 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "15", - "over_3_047_m": "3", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "7", - "914_to_1_523_m": "5 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "784", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "23", - "914_to_1_523_m": "290", - "under_914_m": "471 (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "36 km", - "standard_gauge": "36 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "29,500 km", - "paved": "14,986 km", - "unpaved": "14,514 km (2000)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "3,100 km (primarily on the Paraguay and Paraná river systems) (2012)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "19", - "by_type": "cargo 13, container 3, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1", - "foreign_owned": "6 (Argentina 5, Netherlands 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Asuncion, Villeta, San Antonio, Encarnacion" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Armed Forces Command (Commando de las Fuerzas Militares): Army, National Navy (Armada Nacional, includes Marine Corps, Naval Aviation, and Coast Guard), Paraguayan Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Paraguay, FAP), Logistics Command, War Materiel Directorate (2012)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation is 12 months for Army, 24 months for Navy; volunteers for the Air Force must be younger than 22 years of age with a secondary school diploma (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,678,335", - "females_age_16_49": "1,675,352 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "1,409,859", - "females_age_16_49": "1,433,037 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "73,367", - "female": "71,801 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.5% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "unruly region at convergence of Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay borders is locus of money laundering, smuggling, arms and illegal narcotics trafficking, and fundraising for extremist organizations" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "major illicit producer of cannabis, most or all of which is consumed in Brazil, Argentina, and Chile; transshipment country for Andean cocaine headed for Brazil, other Southern Cone markets, and Europe; weak border controls, extensive corruption and money-laundering activity, especially in the Tri-Border Area; weak anti-money-laundering laws and enforcement" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/south-america/sr-suriname.json b/south-america/sr-suriname.json deleted file mode 100644 index 13f63ae5..00000000 --- a/south-america/sr-suriname.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,587 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "First explored by the Spaniards in the 16th century and then settled by the English in the mid-17th century, Suriname became a Dutch colony in 1667. With the abolition of African slavery in 1863, workers were brought in from India and Java. Independence from the Netherlands was granted in 1975. Five years later the civilian government was replaced by a military regime that soon declared a socialist republic. It continued to exert control through a succession of nominally civilian administrations until 1987, when international pressure finally forced a democratic election. In 1990, the military overthrew the civilian leadership, but a democratically elected government - a four-party coalition - returned to power in 1991. The coalition expanded to eight parties in 2005 and ruled until August 2010, when voters returned former military leader Desire BOUTERSE and his opposition coalition to power." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between French Guiana and Guyana" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "4 00 N, 56 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "South America" - }, - "area": { - "total": "163,820 sq km", - "land": "156,000 sq km", - "water": "7,820 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly larger than Georgia" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,703 km", - "border_countries": "Brazil 593 km, French Guiana 510 km, Guyana 600 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "386 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; moderated by trade winds" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly rolling hills; narrow coastal plain with swamps" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "unnamed location in the coastal plain -2 m", - "highest_point": "Juliana Top 1,230 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "timber, hydropower, fish, kaolin, shrimp, bauxite, gold, and small amounts of nickel, copper, platinum, iron ore" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "0.36%", - "permanent_crops": "0.04%", - "other": "99.6% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "511.8 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "122 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "0.67 cu km/yr (6%/4%/90%)", - "per_capita": "1,396 cu m/yr (2006)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "deforestation as timber is cut for export; pollution of inland waterways by small-scale mining activities" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "smallest independent country on South American continent; mostly tropical rain forest; great diversity of flora and fauna that, for the most part, is increasingly threatened by new development; relatively small population, mostly along the coast" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Surinamer(s)", - "adjective": "Surinamese" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Hindustani (also known locally as \"East Indians\"; their ancestors emigrated from northern India in the latter part of the 19th century) 37%, Creole (mixed white and black) 31%, Javanese 15%, \"Maroons\" (their African ancestors were brought to the country in the 17th and 18th centuries as slaves and escaped to the interior) 10%, Amerindian 2%, Chinese 2%, white 1%, other 2%" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Dutch (official), English (widely spoken), Sranang Tongo (Surinamese, sometimes called Taki-Taki, is native language of Creoles and much of the younger population and is lingua franca among others), Caribbean Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Javanese" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Hindu 27.4%, Protestant 25.2% (predominantly Moravian), Roman Catholic 22.8%, Muslim 19.6%, indigenous beliefs 5%" - }, - "demographic_profile": { - "text": "Suriname is a pluralistic society consisting primarily of Creoles (persons of mixed African and European heritage), the descendants of escaped African slaves known as Maroons, and the descendants of Indian and Javanese contract workers. The country overall is in full, post-industrial demographic transition, with a low fertility rate, a moderate mortality rate, and a rising life expectancy. However, the Maroon population of the rural interior lags behind because of lower educational attainment and contraceptive use, higher malnutrition, and significantly less access to electricity, potable water, sanitation, infrastructure, and health care. Some 350,000 people of Surinamese descent live in the Netherlands, Suriname's former colonial ruler. In the 19th century, better-educated, largely Dutch-speaking Surinamese began emigrating to the Netherlands. World War II interrupted the outflow, but it resumed after the war when Dutch labor demands grew - emigrants included all segments of the Creole population. Suriname still is strongly influenced by the Netherlands because most Surinamese have relatives living there and it is the largest supplier of development aid. Other emigration destinations include French Guiana and the United States. Suriname's immigration rules are flexible, and the country is easy to enter illegally because rainforests obscure its borders. Since the mid-1980s, Brazilians have settled in Suriname's capital, Paramaribo, or eastern Suriname, where they mine gold. This immigration is likely to slowly re-orient Suriname toward its Latin American roots." - }, - "population": { - "text": "566,846 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "26.8% (male 77,404/female 74,477)", - "15_24_years": "17.5% (male 50,745/female 48,718)", - "25_54_years": "43.8% (male 126,399/female 121,930)", - "55_64_years": "6.2% (male 17,123/female 18,246)", - "65_years_and_over": "5.6% (male 13,770/female 18,034) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "51.6 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "41.5 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "10.1 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "9.9 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "28.2 years", - "male": "27.8 years", - "female": "28.5 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.15% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "17.1 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "6.15 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0.57 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "69% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.5% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "PARAMARIBO (capital) 259,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.93 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.77 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.01 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "130 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "27.99 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "32.54 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "23.21 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "71.41 years", - "male": "69.05 years", - "female": "73.88 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.04 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "45.6% (2006)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "7% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "0.45 physicians/1,000 population (2000)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "2.6 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 97% of population; rural: 81% of population; total: 92% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 3% of population; rural: 19% of population; total: 8% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 90% of population; rural: 66% of population; total: 83% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 10% of population; rural: 34% of population; total: 17% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "3,700 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "fewer than 200 (2009 est.)" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "very high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", - "vectorborne_disease": "dengue fever and malaria (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "25.1% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "7.5% (2006)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "94.7%", - "male": "95.4%", - "female": "94% (2010 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "12 years (2002)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "6,094", - "percentage": "6 % (2006 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "21.5% (2004)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Suriname", - "conventional_short_form": "Suriname", - "local_long_form": "Republiek Suriname", - "local_short_form": "Suriname", - "former": "Netherlands Guiana, Dutch Guiana" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "constitutional democracy" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Paramaribo", - "geographic_coordinates": "5 50 N, 55 10 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "10 districts (distrikten, singular - distrikt); Brokopondo, Commewijne, Coronie, Marowijne, Nickerie, Para, Paramaribo, Saramacca, Sipaliwini, Wanica" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "25 November 1975 (from the Netherlands)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 25 November (1975)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "ratified 30 September 1987; effective 30 October 1987" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system influenced by Dutch civil law; note - the Commissie Nieuw Surinaamse Burgerlijk Wetboek completed drafting a new civil code in February 2009" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Desire Delano BOUTERSE (since 12 August 2010); Vice President Robert AMEERALI (since 12 August 2010); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Desire Delano BOUTERSE (since 12 August 2010); Vice President Robert AMEERALI (since 12 August 2010)", - "cabinet": "Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president", - "elections": "president and vice president elected by the National Assembly or, if no presidential or vice presidential candidate receives a two-thirds constitutional majority in the National Assembly after two votes, by a simple majority in the larger United People's Assembly (893 representatives from the national, local, and regional councils), for five-year terms (no term limits); election last held on 19 July 2010 (next to be held in 2015)", - "election_results": "Desire Delano BOUTERSE elected president; percent of vote - Desire Delano BOUTERSE 70.6%, Chandrikapersad SATOKHI 25.5%, other 3.9%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Nationale Assemblee (51 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "last held on 25 May 2010 (next to be held in May 2015)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - Mega Combination 45.1%, New Front 27.5%, A-Com 13.7%, People's Alliance 11.8%, DOE 1.9%; seats by party - Mega Combination 23, New Front 14, A-Com 7, People's Alliance 6, DOE 1" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "High Court of Justice of Suriname (consists of the court president, vice president, and 4 judges) note - Suriname can appeal beyond its High Court to the Caribbean Court of Justice, with final appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "court judges appointed by the national president after consultation with the High Court; judges appointed for life", - "subordinate_courts": "cantonal courts" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "A-Combination (a coalition that includes the General Liberation and Development Party ABOP [Ronnie BRUNSWIJK], and SEEKA [Paul ABENA]); Basic Party for Renewal and Democracy or BVD [Dilip SARDJOE]; Basic Party for Renewal and Democracy or PVF [Soedeschand JAIRAM]; Democratic Union Suriname or DUS [Japhet DIEKO]; Mega Combination Coalition (a coalition that joined with A-Combination and the PL to form a majority in Parliament in 2010 - includes the National Democratic Party or NDP [Desire Delano BOUTERSE] (largest party in the coalition), Progressive Worker and Farmer's Union or PALU [Jim HOK], Party for National Unity and Solidarity of the Highest Order or KTPI [Willy SOEMITA], DNP-2000 [Jules WIJDENBOSCH], Union of Brotherhood and Unity in Politics BEP [Caprino ALENDY], and New Suriname or NS [Nanan PANDAY]); National Union or NU [P. VAN LEEUWAARDE]; New Front for Democracy and Development or NF (a coalition made up of the National Party of Suriname or NPS [Runaldo VENETIAAN], United Reform Party or VHP [Ramdien SARDJOE], Democratic Alternative 1991 or DA-91 - an independent, business-oriented party [Winston JESSURUN], Surinamese Labor Party or SPA [Siegfried GILDS]); Party for Democracy and Development in Unity or DOE [Carl BREEVELD]; Party for the Permanent Prosperity Republic Suriname or PVRS; People's Alliance, Pertjaja Luhur's or PL [Paul SOMOHARDJO](includes D-21 [Soewarta MOESTADJA] and Pendawa Lima [Raymond SAPEON], which merged with PL in 2010)", - "note": "BVD and PVF participated in the elections as a coalition (BVD/PVF) in the most recent elections, but separated after the election" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Association of Indigenous Village Chiefs [Ricardo PANE]; Association of Saramaccan Authorities or Maroon [Head Captain WASE]; Women's Parliament Forum or PVF [Iris GILLIAD]" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "ACP, AOSIS, Caricom, CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OIC, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Subhas-Chandra MUNGRA", - "chancery": "Suite 460, 4301 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 244-7488", - "fax": "[1] (202) 244-5878", - "consulates_general": "Miami" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Jay N. ANANIA", - "embassy": "Dr. Sophie Redmondstraat 129, Paramaribo", - "mailing_address": "US Department of State, PO Box 1821, Paramaribo", - "telephone": "[597] 472-900", - "fax": "[597] 410-972" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "five horizontal bands of green (top, double width), white, red (quadruple width), white, and green (double width); a large, yellow, five-pointed star is centered in the red band; red stands for progress and love; green symbolizes hope and fertility; white signifies peace, justice, and freedom; the star represents the unity of all ethnic groups; from its yellow light the nation draws strength to bear sacrifices patiently while working toward a golden future" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"God zij met ons Suriname!\" (God Be With Our Suriname)", - "lyrics_music": "Cornelis Atses HOEKSTRA and Henry DE ZIEL/Johannes Corstianus DE PUY", - "note": "adopted 1959; the anthem, originally adapted from a Sunday school song written in 1893, contains lyrics in both Dutch and Sranang Tongo" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "The economy is dominated by the mining industry, with exports of alumina, gold, and oil accounting for about 85% of exports and 25% of government revenues, making the economy highly vulnerable to mineral price volatility. Economic growth, which reached about 7% in 2008, owing to sizeable foreign investment in mining and oil, slowed to 2.2% in 2009 as investment waned and the country earned less from its commodity exports when global prices for most commodities fell. Trade picked up, boosting Suriname's economic growth about 4% per year in 2010-12, but the government's budget remained strained. Inflation rose from 1.3% in 2009 to 17.7% in 2011. In January 2011, the government devalued the currency by 20% and raised taxes to reduce the budget deficit. As a result of these measures, inflation receded to 6% in 2012. Suriname''s economic prospects for the medium term will depend on continued commitment to responsible monetary and fiscal policies and to the introduction of structural reforms to liberalize markets and promote competition." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$6.874 billion (2012 est.); $6.58 billion (2011 est.); $6.285 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$4.738 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "4.5% (2012 est.); 4.7% (2011 est.); 4.1% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$12,600 (2012 est.); $12,200 (2011 est.); $11,800 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "81%", - "government_consumption": "18.4%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "19.7%", - "investment_in_inventories": "-19.8%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "53.9%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-53.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "10.6%", - "industry": "38.3%", - "services": "51.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "rice, bananas, palm kernels, coconuts, plantains, peanuts; beef, chickens; shrimp; forest products" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "bauxite and gold mining, alumina production; oil, lumbering, food processing, fishing" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "165,600 (2007)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "8%", - "industry": "14%", - "services": "78% (2004)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "9% (2008); 12.1% (2006)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "70% (2002 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "NA%", - "highest_10%": "NA%" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$826.6 million", - "expenditures": "$939.7 million (2010 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "17.4% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-2.4% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "5% (2012 est.); 17.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "11.7% (31 December 2012 est.); 11.75% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$1.132 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.075 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$2.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.033 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$1.364 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.026 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$NA" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$577.2 million (2012 est.); $251.1 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$2.563 billion (2012 est.); $2.467 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "alumina, gold, crude oil, lumber, shrimp and fish, rice, bananas" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 26.1%, Belgium 17.6%, UAE 12.1%, Canada 10.4%, Guyana 6.5%, France 5.6%, Barbados 4.7% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$1.782 billion (2012 est.); $1.679 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs, cotton, consumer goods" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "US 25.8%, Netherlands 15.8%, China 9.8%, UAE 7.9%, Antigua and Barbuda 7.3%, Netherlands Antilles 5.4%, Japan 4.2% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$1.008 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $816.9 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$905 million (31 December 2012 est.); $869 million (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Surinamese dollars (SRD) per US dollar -; 3.3 (2012 est.); 3.2683 (2011 est.); 2.7454 (2010 est.); 2.745 (2009); 2.745 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "1.603 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "1.463 billion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "389,000 kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "51.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "48.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "16,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "72 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "7,407 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "14,100 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "1,058 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "6,430 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2011 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "2.343 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "85,500 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "947,000 (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "international facilities are good", - "domestic": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity 185 telephones per 100 persons; microwave radio relay network", - "international": "country code - 597; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "2 state-owned TV stations; 1 state-owned radio station; multiple private radio and TV stations (2007)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".sr" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "188 (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "163,000 (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "55 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "6", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "under_914_m": "5 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "49", - "914_to_1_523_m": "4", - "under_914_m": "45 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "oil 50 km (2013)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "4,304 km", - "paved": "1,130 km", - "unpaved": "3,174 km (2003)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "1,200 km (most navigable by ships with drafts up to 7 m) (2011)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Paramaribo, Wageningen" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Suriname Armed Forces: Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Air Forces (2010)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription; personnel drawn almost exclusively from the Creole community (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "134,218", - "females_age_16_49": "134,439 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "109,445", - "females_age_16_49": "112,538 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "4,119", - "female": "4,106 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "1.2% of GDP (2011)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "area claimed by French Guiana between Riviere Litani and Riviere Marouini (both headwaters of the Lawa); Suriname claims a triangle of land between the New and Kutari/Koetari rivers in a historic dispute over the headwaters of the Courantyne; Guyana seeks United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea arbitration to resolve the longstanding dispute with Suriname over the axis of the territorial sea boundary in potentially oil-rich waters" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Suriname is a source, destination, and transit country for women, men, and children who are subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor; women and girls from Suriname, Guyana, Brazil, and the Dominican Republic are subjected to sex trafficking in the country, sometimes around mining camps; debt bondage and sex trafficking are reported to occur within the Chinese migrant community; migrant workers in agriculture and on fishing boats and children working in informal urban sectors and gold mines are vulnerable to forced labor", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Suriname does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government has prosecuted an increased number of sex trafficking cases and identified an increased number of child sex trafficking victims; accountability for trafficking offenses continues to be a problem as no offenders have been convicted and the complicity of local officials remains a concern; authorities do not have a formal system for referring victims to NGOs that provide services but reported doing so on an ad hoc basis; the government's interagency anti-trafficking working group drafted an anti-trafficking policy in 2012 (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "growing transshipment point for South American drugs destined for Europe via the Netherlands and Brazil; transshipment point for arms-for-drugs dealing" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/south-america/uy-uruguay.json b/south-america/uy-uruguay.json deleted file mode 100644 index 0b31b02a..00000000 --- a/south-america/uy-uruguay.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,626 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Montevideo, founded by the Spanish in 1726 as a military stronghold, soon took advantage of its natural harbor to become an important commercial center. Claimed by Argentina but annexed by Brazil in 1821, Uruguay declared its independence four years later and secured its freedom in 1828 after a three-year struggle. The administrations of President Jose BATLLE in the early 20th century established widespread political, social, and economic reforms that established a statist tradition. A violent Marxist urban guerrilla movement named the Tupamaros, launched in the late 1960s, led Uruguay's president to cede control of the government to the military in 1973. By yearend, the rebels had been crushed, but the military continued to expand its hold over the government. Civilian rule was not restored until 1985. In 2004, the left-of-center Frente Amplio Coalition won national elections that effectively ended 170 years of political control previously held by the Colorado and Blanco parties. Uruguay's political and labor conditions are among the freest on the continent." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Argentina and Brazil" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "33 00 S, 56 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "South America" - }, - "area": { - "total": "176,215 sq km", - "land": "175,015 sq km", - "water": "1,200 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than the state of Washington" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "1,648 km", - "border_countries": "Argentina 580 km, Brazil 1,068 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "660 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 nm or edge of continental margin" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowland" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", - "highest_point": "Cerro Catedral 514 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "arable land, hydropower, minor minerals, fish" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "10.25%", - "permanent_crops": "0.22%", - "other": "89.52% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "1,810 sq km (2003)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "139 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "3.66 cu km/yr (11%/2%/87%)", - "per_capita": "1,101 cu m/yr (2000)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "seasonally high winds (the pampero is a chilly and occasional violent wind that blows north from the Argentine pampas), droughts, floods; because of the absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, all locations are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes from weather fronts" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "water pollution from meat packing/tannery industry; inadequate solid/hazardous waste disposal" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "second-smallest South American country (after Suriname); most of the low-lying landscape (three-quarters of the country) is grassland, ideal for cattle and sheep raising" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Uruguayan(s)", - "adjective": "Uruguayan" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "white 88%, mestizo 8%, black 4%, Amerindian (practically nonexistent)" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Spanish (official), Portunol, Brazilero (Portuguese-Spanish mix on the Brazilian frontier)" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Roman Catholic 47.1%, non-Catholic Christians 11.1%, nondenominational 23.2%, Jewish 0.3%, atheist or agnostic 17.2%, other 1.1% (2006)" - }, - "demographic_profile": { - "text": "Uruguay rates high for most development indicators and is known for its secularism, liberal social laws, and well-developed social security, health, and educational systems. It is one of the few countries in Latin America and the Caribbean where the entire population has access to clean water. Uruguay's provision of free primary through university education has contributed to the country's high levels of literacy and educational attainment. However, the emigration of human capital has diminished the state's return on its investment in education. Remittances from the roughly 18% of Uruguayans abroad amount to less than 1 percent of national GDP. The emigration of young adults and a low birth rate are causing Uruguay's population to age rapidly. In the 1960s, Uruguayans for the first time emigrated en masse - primarily to Argentina and Brazil - because of economic decline and the onset of more than a decade of military dictatorship. Economic crises in the early 1980s and 2002 also triggered waves of emigration, but since 2002 more than 70% of Uruguayan emigrants have selected the US and Spain as destinations because of better job prospects. Uruguay had a tiny population upon its independence in 1828 and welcomed thousands of predominantly Italian and Spanish immigrants, but the country has not experienced large influxes of new arrivals since the aftermath of World War II. More recent immigrants include Peruvians and Arabs." - }, - "population": { - "text": "3,324,460 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "21.4% (male 361,589/female 349,257)", - "15_24_years": "16% (male 269,649/female 262,582)", - "25_54_years": "38.8% (male 635,252/female 655,518)", - "55_64_years": "9.9% (male 155,192/female 174,976)", - "65_years_and_over": "13.9% (male 183,450/female 276,995) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "56.2 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "34.1 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "22 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "4.5 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "34.1 years", - "male": "32.4 years", - "female": "35.7 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "0.25% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "13.28 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "9.52 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "-1.26 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "92% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "0.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "MONTEVIDEO (capital) 1.633 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.97 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.89 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.66 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.93 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "29 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "9.2 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "10.2 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "8.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "76.61 years", - "male": "73.47 years", - "female": "79.86 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "1.86 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "77%", - "note": "percent of women aged 15-50 (2004)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "8.4% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "3.74 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.2 beds/1,000 population (2010)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 99% of population; total: 100% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 1% of population; total: 0% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.5% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "9,900 (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "24.8% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "6% (2004)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "2.9% of GDP (2006)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "98.1%", - "male": "97.6%", - "female": "98.5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "16 years", - "male": "14 years", - "female": "17 years (2010)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "51,879", - "percentage": "7 % (2006 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "17.4%", - "male": "14.4%", - "female": "21.7% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Oriental Republic of Uruguay", - "conventional_short_form": "Uruguay", - "local_long_form": "Republica Oriental del Uruguay", - "local_short_form": "Uruguay", - "former": "Banda Oriental, Cisplatine Province" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "constitutional republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Montevideo", - "geographic_coordinates": "34 51 S, 56 10 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", - "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins first Sunday in October; ends second Sunday in March" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "19 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Artigas, Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Durazno, Flores, Florida, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysandu, Rio Negro, Rivera, Rocha, Salto, San Jose, Soriano, Tacuarembo, Treinta y Tres" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "25 August 1825 (from Brazil)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 25 August (1825)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "27 November 1966; effective 15 February 1967; suspended 27 June 1973; revised 26 November 1989 and 7 January 1997" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system based on the Spanish civil code" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Jose \"Pepe\" MUJICA Cordano (since 1 March 2010); Vice President Danilo ASTORI Saragoza (since 1 March 2010); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", - "head_of_government": "President Jose \"Pepe\" MUJICA Cordano (since 1 March 2010); Vice President Danilo ASTORI Saragoza (since 1 March 2010)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president with parliamentary approval", - "elections": "president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms (may not serve consecutive terms); election last held on 29 November 2009 (next to be held in October 2014)", - "election_results": "Jose \"Pepe\" MUJICA Cordano elected president; percent of vote - Jose \"Pepe\" MUJICA Cordano 54.8%, Luis Alberto LACALLE 45.2%" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "bicameral General Assembly or Asamblea General consists of Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (30 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms; vice president has one vote in the Senate) and Chamber of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (99 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", - "elections": "Chamber of Senators - last held on 25 October 2009 (next to be held in October 2014); Chamber of Representatives - last held on 25 October 2009 (next to be held in October 2014)", - "election_results": "Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Frente Amplio 16, Blanco 9, Colorado Party 5; Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Frente Amplio 50, Blanco 30, Colorado Party 17, Independent Party 2" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Justice (consists of 5 judges)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges nominated by the president and appointed in joint conference of the General Assembly; judges appointed for 10-year terms, with re-election after a lapse of 5 years following the previous term", - "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal; District Courts (Juzagados Letrados); Peace Courts (Juzagados de Paz); Rural Courts (Juzgados Rurales)" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "Broad Front (Frente Amplio) - formerly known as the Progressive Encounter/Broad Front Coalition or EP-FA [Monica XAVIER] (a broad governing coalition that includes Popular Participation Movement (MPP), New Space Party (Nuevo Espacio) [Rafael MICHELINI], Progressive Alliance (Alianza Progresista) [Rodolfo NIN NOVOA], Socialist Party [vacant], Communist Party [Eduardo LORIER], Uruguayan Assembly (Asamblea Uruguay) [Danilo ASTORI Saragoza], and Vertiente Artiguista [Enrique RUBIO]); Colorado Party (Vamos Uruguay) [Martha MONTANER]; Independent Party [Pablo MIERES]; National Party or Blanco [Luis Alberto HEBER]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Chamber of Commerce and Export of Agriproducts; Chamber of Industries (manufacturer's association); Exporters Union of Uruguay; National Chamber of Commerce and Services; PIT/CNT (powerful federation of Uruguayan Unions - umbrella labor organization); Rural Association of Uruguay (rancher's association); Uruguayan Network of Political Women; ", - "other": "B'nai Brith; Catholic Church; students" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "CAN (associate), CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNMOGIP, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Carlos Alberto GIANELLI Derois", - "chancery": "1913 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20006", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 331-1313 through 1316", - "fax": "[1] (202) 331-8142", - "consulates_general": "Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, New York" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Thomas H. LLOYD", - "embassy": "Lauro Muller 1776, Montevideo 11200", - "mailing_address": "APO AA 34035", - "telephone": "[598] (2) 1770-2000", - "fax": "[598] (2) 1770-2128" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "nine equal horizontal stripes of white (top and bottom) alternating with blue; a white square in the upper hoist-side corner with a yellow sun bearing a human face known as the Sun of May with 16 rays that alternate between triangular and wavy; the stripes represent the nine original departments of Uruguay; the sun symbol evokes the legend of the sun breaking through the clouds on 25 May 1810 as independence was first declared from Spain (Uruguay subsequently won its independence from Brazil)", - "note": "the banner was inspired by the national colors of Argentina and by the design of the US flag" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "Sun of May (a sun-with-face symbol)" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Himno Nacional\" (National Anthem of Uruguay)", - "lyrics_music": "Francisco Esteban ACUNA de Figueroa/Francisco Jose DEBALI", - "note": "adopted 1848; the anthem is also known as \"Orientales, la Patria o la tumba!\" (\"Uruguayans, the Fatherland or Death!\"); it is the world's longest national anthem in terms of music (105 bars; almost five minutes); generally only the first verse and chorus are sung" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Uruguay has a free market economy characterized by an export-oriented agricultural sector, a well-educated work force, and high levels of social spending. Following financial difficulties in the late 1990s and early 2000s, economic growth for Uruguay averaged 8% annually during the period 2004-08. The 2008-09 global financial crisis put a brake on Uruguay's vigorous growth, which decelerated to 2.6% in 2009. Nevertheless, the country managed to avoid a recession and keep positive growth rates, mainly through higher public expenditure and investment, and GDP growth reached 8.9% in 2010 but fell to about 3.5% in 2012, the result of a renewed slowdown in the global economy and in Uruguay's main trade partners and Common Market of the South (Mercosur) counterparts, Argentina and Brazil. Uruguay has sought to expand trade within Mercosur and with non-Mercosur members. Uruguay''s total merchandise trade with Mercosur since 2006 has increased by nearly 70% to more than $5 billion while its total trade with the world has almost doubled to roughly $20 billion." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$54.67 billion (2012 est.); $52.67 billion (2011 est.); $49.83 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$49.4 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.8% (2012 est.); 5.7% (2011 est.); 8.9% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$16,200 (2012 est.); $15,600 (2011 est.); $14,800 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "16.5% of GDP (2012 est.); 16.3% of GDP (2011 est.); 16.4% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "68.5%", - "government_consumption": "12.9%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "21.4%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.4%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "26.1%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-29.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "8.2%", - "industry": "21.6%", - "services": "70.3% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "soybeans, rice, wheat; beef, dairy products; fish; lumber, cellulose" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "food processing, electrical machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, textiles, chemicals, beverages" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "1.691 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "13%", - "industry": "14%", - "services": "73% (2010 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "6.1% (2012 est.); 6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "18.6% (2010 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1.9%", - "highest_10%": "34.4% (2010 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "45.3 (2010); 44.8 (1999)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$14.25 billion", - "expenditures": "$15.63 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "28.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-2.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "58.5% of GDP (2012 est.); 59.6% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover general government debt, and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions." - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "8.1% (2012 est.); 8.1% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "9% (31 December 2012); 8.75% (31 December 2011)", - "note": "Uruguay's central bank uses the benchmark interest rate, rather than the discount rate, to conduct monetary policy; the rates shown here are the benchmark rates" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "11.2% (31 December 2012 est.); 9.78% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$5.32 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.749 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$16.97 billion (31 December 2010 est.); $14.22 billion (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$16.63 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $13.67 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$231 million (31 December 2011); $238 million (31 December 2010); $219 million (31 December 2009)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "-$1.189 billion (2012 est.); -$875.9 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$9.907 billion (2012 est.); $9.276 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "beef, soybeans, cellulose, rice, wheat, wood, dairy products; wool" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "Brazil 18.5%, China 17.9%, Argentina 6.8%, Germany 4.3% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$12.22 billion (2012 est.); $10.7 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "refined oil, crude oil, passenger and other transportation vehicles, vehicle parts, cellular phones" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "China 16.1%, Argentina 15.8%, Brazil 14.6%, US 8.9%, Paraguay 7.6% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$13.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $10.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$21.07 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $14.35 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$15.2 billion (31 December 2011); $14.8 billion (31 December 2010)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$345 million (31 December 2010 est.); $300 million (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "Uruguayan pesos (UYU) per US dollar -; 20.311 (2012 est.); 19.314 (2011 est.); 20.059 (2010 est.); 22.568 (2009); 20.936 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "9.5 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "7.96 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "18.9 million kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "470 million kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "2.516 million kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "38.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "61.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "38,720 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2009 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "43,370 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "51,100 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "6,093 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "22,060 bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "80 million cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "86.4 million cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "7.265 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "964,900 (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "4.757 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "fully digitalized", - "domestic": "most modern facilities concentrated in Montevideo; nationwide microwave radio relay network; overall fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity has reached 170 telephones per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 598; the UNISOR submarine cable system provides direct connectivity to Brazil and Argentina; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "mixture of privately owned and state-run broadcast media; more than 100 commercial radio stations and about 20 TV channels; cable TV is available; many community radio and TV stations; adopted the hybrid Japanese/Brazilian HDTV standard (ISDB-T) in December 2010 (2010)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".uy" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "1.036 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "1.405 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "133 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "11", - "over_3_047_m": "1", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "4", - "914_to_1_523_m": "4", - "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "122", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", - "914_to_1_523_m": "40", - "under_914_m": "79 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "gas 257 km; oil 160 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "1,641 km", - "standard_gauge": "1,641 km 1.435-m gauge (1,200 km operational) (2010)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "77,732 km", - "paved": "7,743 km", - "unpaved": "69,989 km (2010)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "1,600 km (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "16", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 1, cargo 2, chemical tanker 3, passenger/cargo 6, petroleum tanker 3, roll on/roll off 1", - "foreign_owned": "8 (Argentina 1, Denmark 1, Greece 1, Spain 5)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "1 (Liberia 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "Montevideo" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Uruguayan Armed Forces: Uruguayan National Army (Ejercito Nacional Uruguaya, ENU), Uruguayan National Navy (Armada Nacional del Uruguay; includes naval air arm, Naval Rifle Corps (Cuerpo de Fusileros Navales, Fusna), Maritime Prefecture in wartime), Uruguayan Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Uruguaya, FAU) (2012)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-30 years of age (18-22 years of age for Navy) for male or female voluntary military service; up to 40 years of age for specialists; enlistment is voluntary in peacetime, but the government has the authority to conscript in emergencies; minimum 6-year education (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "771,159", - "females_age_16_49": "780,932 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "649,025", - "females_age_16_49": "654,903 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "27,564", - "female": "26,811 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.9% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "in 2010, the ICJ ruled in favor of Uruguay's operation of two paper mills on the Uruguay River, which forms the border with Argentina; the two countries formed a joint pollution monitoring regime; uncontested boundary dispute between Brazil and Uruguay over Braziliera/Brasiliera Island in the Quarai/Cuareim River leaves the tripoint with Argentina in question; smuggling of firearms and narcotics continues to be an issue along the Uruguay-Brazil border" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Uruguay is a source country for women and children subjected to sex trafficking and, to a lesser extent, a destination country for men, women, and children exploited in forced labor; most victims are women and girls exploited in sex trafficking; some Uruguayan women lured by fraudulent employment offers in Spain, Italy, and Argentina are forced into prostitution; foreign workers in domestic service and agriculture are vulnerable to forced labor in Uruguay; some human trafficking cases are reportedly linked to crime rings", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Uruguay does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government investigated and prosecuted several trafficking cases during 2012 but reported no convictions; authorities have increased funding and staffing for the national women's institute unit that is focused on sex trafficking and domestic violence, but specialized services remain inadequate and victim care services outside the capital are uneven; officials lack formal procedures for identifying trafficking victims (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "small-scale transit country for drugs mainly bound for Europe, often through sea-borne containers; law enforcement corruption; money laundering because of strict banking secrecy laws; weak border control along Brazilian frontier; increasing consumption of cocaine base and synthetic drugs" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/south-america/ve-venezuela.json b/south-america/ve-venezuela.json deleted file mode 100644 index 63b1000d..00000000 --- a/south-america/ve-venezuela.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,638 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Venezuela was one of three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others being Ecuador and New Granada, which became Colombia). For most of the first half of the 20th century, Venezuela was ruled by generally benevolent military strongmen, who promoted the oil industry and allowed for some social reforms. Democratically elected governments have held sway since 1959. Hugo CHAVEZ, president from 1999 to 2013, sought to implement his \"21st Century Socialism,\" which purported to alleviate social ills while at the same time attacking capitalist globalization and existing democratic institutions. Current concerns include: a weakening of democratic institutions, political polarization, a politicized military, rampant violent crime, overdependence on the petroleum industry with its price fluctuations, and irresponsible mining operations that are endangering the rain forest and indigenous peoples." - } - }, - "geo": { - "location": { - "text": "Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, between Colombia and Guyana" - }, - "geographic_coordinates": { - "text": "8 00 N, 66 00 W" - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "South America" - }, - "area": { - "total": "912,050 sq km", - "land": "882,050 sq km", - "water": "30,000 sq km" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "slightly more than twice the size of California" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "total": "4,993 km", - "border_countries": "Brazil 2,200 km, Colombia 2,050 km, Guyana 743 km" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "2,800 km" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "territorial_sea": "12 nm", - "contiguous_zone": "15 nm", - "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", - "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "Andes Mountains and Maracaibo Lowlands in northwest; central plains (llanos); Guiana Highlands in southeast" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Caribbean Sea 0 m", - "highest_point": "Pico Bolivar 5,007 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, bauxite, other minerals, hydropower, diamonds" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "2.85%", - "permanent_crops": "0.71%", - "other": "96.44% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "10,550 sq km (2008)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "1,233 cu km (2011)" - }, - "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { - "total": "9.06 cu km/yr (23%/4%/74%)", - "per_capita": "358.6 cu m/yr (2008)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "subject to floods, rockslides, mudslides; periodic droughts" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "sewage pollution of Lago de Valencia; oil and urban pollution of Lago de Maracaibo; deforestation; soil degradation; urban and industrial pollution, especially along the Caribbean coast; threat to the rainforest ecosystem from irresponsible mining operations" - }, - "environment_international_agreements": { - "party_to": "Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands", - "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "on major sea and air routes linking North and South America; Angel Falls in the Guiana Highlands is the world's highest waterfall" - } - }, - "people": { - "nationality": { - "noun": "Venezuelan(s)", - "adjective": "Venezuelan" - }, - "ethnic_groups": { - "text": "Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Arab, German, African, indigenous people" - }, - "languages": { - "text": "Spanish (official), numerous indigenous dialects" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "nominally Roman Catholic 96%, Protestant 2%, other 2%" - }, - "demographic_profile": { - "text": "Although poverty in Venezuela has declined during the CHAVEZ administration, dropping from nearly 50% in 1999 to about 27% in 2011, it remains high and some experts question how much of a role social expenditures have played in this poverty reduction. Progress in lowering poverty, income inequality, and unemployment may in fact be more closely linked to the rise and fall of prices for oil, Venezuela's dominant export. In the long-run, education and healthcare spending may increase economic growth and reduce income inequality, but rising costs and the staffing of new healthcare jobs with foreigners are slowing development. In the meantime, social investment has led to better living standards, including increased school enrollment, a substantial reduction in infant and child mortality, and greater access to potable water and sanitation. Since CHAVEZ came to power in 1999, more than a million predominantly middle- and upper-class Venezuelans are estimated to have emigrated. The brain drain is attributed to a repressive political system, lack of economic opportunities, steep inflation, a high crime rate, and corruption. Thousands of oil engineers emigrated to Canada, Colombia, and the United States following CHAVEZ's firing of over 20,000 employees of the state-owned petroleum company during a 2002-2003 oil strike. Additionally, thousands of Venezuelans of European descent have taken up residence in their ancestral homelands. Nevertheless, Venezuela continues to attract immigrants from South America and southern Europe because of its lenient migration policy and the availability of education and healthcare. Venezuela also has been a fairly accommodating host to more than 200,000 Colombian refugees." - }, - "population": { - "text": "28,459,085 (July 2013 est.)" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "28.6% (male 4,144,958/female 3,989,521)", - "15_24_years": "18.8% (male 2,686,366/female 2,664,062)", - "25_54_years": "39.5% (male 5,520,689/female 5,727,432)", - "55_64_years": "7.3% (male 993,176/female 1,094,586)", - "65_years_and_over": "5.8% (male 722,234/female 916,061) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "53.2 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "43.7 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "9.5 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "10.6 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "26.6 years", - "male": "25.9 years", - "female": "27.3 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.44% (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "19.66 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "5.23 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "net_migration_rate": { - "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "93% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.7% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" - }, - "major_urban_areas_population": { - "text": "CARACAS (capital) 3.051 million; Maracaibo 2.153 million; Valencia 1.738 million; Barquisimeto 1.159 million; Maracay 1.04 million (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "0.96 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.91 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.79 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "maternal_mortality_rate": { - "text": "92 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "19.75 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "23.18 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "16.14 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "74.23 years", - "male": "71.12 years", - "female": "77.5 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.37 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "70.3% (1998)" - }, - "health_expenditures": { - "text": "4.9% of GDP (2010)" - }, - "physicians_density": { - "text": "1.94 physicians/1,000 population (2001)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "1.1 beds/1,000 population (2009)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 94% of population; rural: 74% of population; total: 92% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 6% of population; rural: 26% of population; total: 8% of population (2000 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 93% of population; rural: 54% of population; total: 89% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 7% of population; rural: 46% of population; total: 11% of population (2000 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "NA; note - no country specific models provided" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "major_infectious_diseases": { - "degree_of_risk": "high", - "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A", - "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever and malaria (2013)" - }, - "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "30.3% (2008)" - }, - "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { - "text": "3.7% (2007)" - }, - "education_expenditures": { - "text": "3.6% of GDP (2007)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "95.5%", - "male": "95.7%", - "female": "95.4% (2009 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "14.3 years (2009)" - }, - "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { - "total_number": "404,092", - "percentage": "8 % (2000 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { - "total": "17.5%", - "male": "15.1%", - "female": "22% (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "country_name": { - "conventional_long_form": "Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela", - "conventional_short_form": "Venezuela", - "local_long_form": "Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela", - "local_short_form": "Venezuela" - }, - "government_type": { - "text": "federal republic" - }, - "capital": { - "name": "Caracas", - "geographic_coordinates": "10 29 N, 66 52 W", - "time_difference": "UTC-4.5 (half an hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" - }, - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "23 states (estados, singular - estado), 1 capital district* (distrito capital), and 1 federal dependency** (dependencia federal); Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolivar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Dependencias Federales (Federal Dependencies)**, Distrito Capital (Capital District)*, Falcon, Guarico, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo, Vargas, Yaracuy, Zulia", - "note": "the federal dependency consists of 11 federally controlled island groups with a total of 72 individual islands" - }, - "independence": { - "text": "5 July 1811 (from Spain)" - }, - "national_holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 5 July (1811)" - }, - "constitution": { - "text": "30 December 1999; amended 15 February 2009" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "civil law system based on the Spanish civil code" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; state party to the ICCT" - }, - "suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "executive_branch": { - "chief_of_state": "President Nicolas MADURO Moros (since 8 March 2013); Executive Vice President Jorge Alberto ARREAZA Montserrat (since 8 March 2013); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; former Executive Vice President Nicolas MADURO Moros assumed presidential responsibilites after the death of President Hugo CHAVEZ Frias on 5 March 2013, and was officially sworn in on 8 March 2013", - "head_of_government": "President Nicolas MADURO Moros (since 8 March 2013); Executive Vice President Jorge Alberto ARREAZA Montserrat (since 8 March 2013)", - "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president", - "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a six-year term (eligible for unlimited reelection); election last held on 14 April 2013; note - this was a special election held following the death of President Hugo CHAVEZ Frias on 5 March 2013; the next scheduled election after this is expected to be held in October 2018 pending official convocation by the country's electoral body)", - "note": "in 1999, a National Constituent Assembly drafted a new constitution that increased the presidential term to six years; an election was subsequently held on 30 July 2000 under the terms of this constitution; in 2009, a national referendum approved the elimination of term limits on all elected officials, including the presidency", - "election_results": "Nicolas MADURO Moros elected president; percent of vote - Nicolas MADURO Moros 50.08%, Henrique CAPRILES Radonski 49%, other 0.92%; note - official results pending" - }, - "legislative_branch": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (165 seats; members elected by popular vote on a proportional basis to serve five-year terms; three seats reserved for the indigenous peoples of Venezuela)", - "elections": "last held on 26 September 2010 (next to be held in 2015)", - "election_results": "percent of vote by party - pro-government 48.9%, opposition coalition 47.9%, other 3.2%; seats by party - pro-government 98, opposition 65, other 2" - }, - "judicial_branch": { - "highest_courts": "Supreme Tribunal of Justice (consists of 32 judges organized into six divisions - constitutional, political administrative, electoral, civil appeals, criminal appeals, and social (mainly agrarian and labor issues)", - "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges proposed by the Committee of Judicial Postulation (an independent body of organizations dealing with legal issues and of the organs of citizen power) and appointed by the National Assembly; judges serve non-renewable 12-year terms", - "subordinate_courts": "Superior or Appeals Courts (Tribunales Superiores); District Tribunals (Tribunales de Distrito); Courts of First Instance (Tribunales de Primera Instancia); Parish Courts (Tribunales de Parroquia); Justices of the Peace (Justicia de Paz) Network" - }, - "political_parties_and_leaders": { - "text": "A New Time or UNT [Omar BARBOZA]; Brave People's Alliance or ABP [Antonio LEDEZMA]; Christian Democrats or COPEI [Roberto ENRIQUEZ]; Communist Party of Venezuela or PCV [Oscar FIGUERA]; Democratic Action or AD [Henry RAMOS ALLUP]; Fatherland for All or PPT [Rafael UZCATEGUI]; For Social Democracy or PODEMOS [Ismael GARCIA]; Justice First [Julio BORGES]; Movement Toward Socialism or MAS [Nicolas SOSA]; Popular Will or VP [Leopoldo LOPEZ]; Progressive Wave or AP [Henri FALCON]; The Democratic Unity Table or MUD [Ramon Guillermo AVELEDO]; The Radical Cause [Daniel SANTOLO]; United Socialist Party of Venezuela or PSUV [Hugo CHAVEZ]; Venezuelan Progressive Movement or MPV [Simon CALZADILLA]; Venezuela Project or PV [Henrique SALAS ROMER]" - }, - "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { - "text": "Bolivarian and Socialist Workers' Union (a ruling party labor union); Confederacion Venezolana de Industriales or Coindustria (a conservative business group); Consejos Comunales (pro-Chavez local cooperatives); FEDECAMARAS (a conservative business group); Union of Oil Workers of Venezuela or FUTPV; Venezuelan Confederation of Workers or CTV (opposition-oriented labor organization); various civil society groups and human rights organizations" - }, - "international_organization_participation": { - "text": "Caricom (observer), CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, LAS (observer), Mercosur, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, Petrocaribe, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Calixto Antonio ORTEGA Rios", - "chancery": "1099 30th Street NW, Washington, DC 20007", - "telephone": "[1] (202) 342-2214", - "fax": "[1] (202) 342-6820", - "consulates_general": "Boston, Chicago, Houston, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico)" - }, - "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { - "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires James M. DERHAM", - "embassy": "Calle F con Calle Suapure, Urbanizacion Colinas de Valle Arriba, Caracas 1080", - "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 62291, Caracas 1060-A; APO AA 34037", - "telephone": "[58] (212) 975-6411, 907-8400 (after hours)", - "fax": "[58] (212) 907-8199" - }, - "flag_description": { - "text": "three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), blue, and red with the coat of arms on the hoist side of the yellow band and an arc of eight white five-pointed stars centered in the blue band; the flag retains the three equal horizontal bands and three main colors of the banner of Gran Colombia, the South American republic that broke up in 1830; yellow is interpreted as standing for the riches of the land, blue for the courage of its people, and red for the blood shed in attaining independence; the seven stars on the original flag represented the seven provinces in Venezuela that united in the war of independence; in 2006, President Hugo CHAVEZ ordered an eighth star added to the star arc - a decision that sparked much controversy - to conform with the flag proclaimed by Simon Bolivar in 1827 and to represent the province of Guayana" - }, - "national_symbols": { - "text": "troupial (bird)" - }, - "national_anthem": { - "name": "\"Gloria al bravo pueblo\" (Glory to the Brave People)", - "lyrics_music": "Vicente SALIAS/Juan Jose LANDAETA", - "note": "adopted 1881; the lyrics were written in 1810, the music some years later; both SALIAS and LANDAETA were executed in 1814 during Venezuela's struggle for independence" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "Venezuela remains highly dependent on oil revenues, which account for roughly 95% of export earnings, about 45% of federal budget revenues, and around 12% of GDP. Fueled by high oil prices, record government spending helped to boost GDP growth by 4.2% in 2011, after a sharp drop in oil prices caused an economic contraction in 2009-10. Government spending, minimum wage hikes, and improved access to domestic credit created an increase in consumption which combined with supply problems to cause higher inflation - roughly 26% in 2011 and 21% in 2012. President Hugo CHAVEZ's efforts to increase the government's control of the economy by nationalizing firms in the agribusiness, financial, construction, oil, and steel sectors have hurt the private investment environment, reduced productive capacity, and slowed non-petroleum exports. In the first half of 2010 Venezuela faced the prospect of lengthy nationwide blackouts when its main hydroelectric power plant - which provides more than 35% of the country's electricity - nearly shut down. In May 2010, CHAVEZ closed the unofficial foreign exchange market - the \"parallel market\" - in an effort to stem inflation and slow the currency's depreciation. In June 2010, the government created the \"Transaction System for Foreign Currency Denominated Securities\" to replace the \"parallel\" market. In December 2010, CHAVEZ eliminated the dual exchange rate system and unified the exchange rate at 4.3 bolivars per dollar. In January 2011, CHAVEZ announced the second devaluation of the bolivar within twelve months. In December 2010, the National Assembly passed a package of five organic laws designed to complete the transformation of the Venezuelan economy in line with CHAVEZ's vision of 21st century socialism. In 2012, Venezuela continued to wrestle with a housing crisis, high inflation, an electricity crisis, and rolling food and goods shortages - all of which were fallout from the government's unorthodox economic policies. The budget deficit for the entire government reached 17% of GDP in 2012, and public debt as a percent of GDP climbed steeply to 49%, despite record oil prices." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$408.5 billion (2012 est.); $387.1 billion (2011 est.); $371.5 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "$382.4 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "5.5% (2012 est.); 4.2% (2011 est.); -1.5% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$13,800 (2012 est.); $13,300 (2011 est.); $13,000 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gross_national_saving": { - "text": "28.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 30.8% of GDP (2011 est.); 24.2% of GDP (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "58.9%", - "government_consumption": "12.2%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "19.9%", - "investment_in_inventories": "6.1%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "25.8%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-22.9% (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "3.7%", - "industry": "35.5%", - "services": "60.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "agriculture_products": { - "text": "corn, sorghum, sugarcane, rice, bananas, vegetables, coffee; beef, pork, milk, eggs; fish" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "petroleum, construction materials, food processing, textiles; iron ore mining, steel, aluminum; motor vehicle assembly, chemical products, paper products" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "4.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "13.49 million (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "7.3%", - "industry": "21.8%", - "services": "70.9% (4th quarter, 2011 est.)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "7.8% (2012 est.); 8.2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "population_below_poverty_line": { - "text": "31.6% (2011 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "1.7%", - "highest_10%": "32.7% (2006)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "39 (2011); 49.5 (1998)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$109.8 billion", - "expenditures": "$165.3 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "28.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-14.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "26.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 25.1% of GDP (2011 est.)", - "note": "data cover central government debt, as well as the debt of state-owned oil company PDVSA; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include some debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; some debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions" - }, - "fiscal_year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "21.1% (2012 est.); 26.1% (2011 est.)" - }, - "central_bank_discount_rate": { - "text": "29.5% (31 December 2010); 29.5% (31 December 2009)" - }, - "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { - "text": "16.38% (31 December 2012 est.); 17.15% (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$163 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $110.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$188.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $115.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$147.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $92.82 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$5.143 billion (31 December 2011); $3.991 billion (31 December 2010); $8.86 billion (31 December 2010)" - }, - "current_account_balance": { - "text": "$20.6 billion (2012 est.); $27.21 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$97.34 billion (2012 est.); $92.81 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "petroleum, bauxite and aluminum, minerals, chemicals, agricultural products, basic manufactures" - }, - "exports_partners": { - "text": "US 39.3%, China 14.4%, India 12%, Netherlands Antilles 7.6%, Cuba 4.5% (2012)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$59.31 billion (2012 est.); $46.78 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "agricultural products, livestock, raw materials, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, construction materials, medical equipment, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, iron and steel products" - }, - "imports_partners": { - "text": "US 31.2%, China 16.5%, Brazil 8.9% (2012)" - }, - "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { - "text": "$29.89 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $29.89 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$75.75 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $67.91 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$47.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $45.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$21.25 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $19.81 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "exchange_rates": { - "text": "bolivars (VEB) per US dollar -; 4.289 (2012 est.); 4.289 (2011 est.); 2.5821 (2010 est.); 2.147 (2009); 2.147 (2008)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "127.6 billion kWh (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "85.05 billion kWh (2011 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "633 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "260 million kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "27.5 million kW (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "35.7% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "64.3% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "2.47 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "1.645 million bbl/day (2010 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "209.4 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "1.176 million bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "571,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "638,000 bbl/day (2010 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "16,660 bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "31.2 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "33.1 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "1.446 billion cu m (2011 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "5.524 trillion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "158.4 million Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "7.332 million (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "28.782 million (2011)" - }, - "telephone_system": { - "general_assessment": "modern and expanding", - "domestic": "domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations; recent substantial improvement in telephone service in rural areas; substantial increase in digitalization of exchanges and trunk lines; installation of a national interurban fiber-optic network capable of digital multimedia services; combined fixed and mobile-cellular telephone subscribership 130 per 100 persons", - "international": "country code - 58; submarine cable systems provide connectivity to the Caribbean, Central and South America, and US; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 PanAmSat; participating with Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia in the construction of an international fiber-optic network; constructing submarine cable to provide connectivity to Cuba with an estimated date of completion in late 2011 (2010)" - }, - "broadcast_media": { - "text": "government supervises a mixture of state-run and private broadcast media; 1 state-run TV network, 4 privately owned TV networks, a privately owned news channel with limited national coverage, and a government-backed pan-American channel; state-run radio network includes 65 news stations and roughly another 30 stations targeted at specific audiences; state-sponsored community broadcasters include 244 radio stations and 36 TV stations; the number of private broadcast radio stations has been declining, but many still remain in operation (2010)" - }, - "internet_country_code": { - "text": ".ve" - }, - "internet_hosts": { - "text": "1.016 million (2012)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "8.918 million (2009)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "444 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_paved_runways": { - "total": "127", - "over_3_047_m": "6", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "9", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "33", - "914_to_1_523_m": "62", - "under_914_m": "17 (2013)" - }, - "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { - "total": "317", - "2_438_to_3_047_m": "3", - "1_524_to_2_437_m": "57", - "914_to_1_523_m": "127", - "under_914_m": "130 (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "3 (2013)" - }, - "pipelines": { - "text": "extra heavy crude 981 km; gas 5,941 km; oil 7,588 km; refined products 1,778 km (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "806 km", - "standard_gauge": "806 km 1.435-m gauge (41 km electrified) (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "96,155 km", - "paved": "32,308 km", - "unpaved": "63,847 km (2002)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "7,100 km (the Orinoco River (400 km) and Lake de Maracaibo are navigable by oceangoing vessels) (2011)" - }, - "merchant_marine": { - "total": "53", - "by_type": "bulk carrier 4, cargo 12, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas 5, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 14, petroleum tanker 16", - "foreign_owned": "9 (Denmark 1, Estonia 1, Germany 1, Greece 4, Mexico 1, Spain 1)", - "registered_in_other_countries": "14 (Panama 13, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1) (2010)" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "text": "La Guaira, Maracaibo, Puerto Cabello, Punta Cardon", - "oil_terminals": "Jose terminal" - }, - "transportation_note": { - "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Caribbean Sea as a significant risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; numerous vessels, including commercial shipping and pleasure craft, have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; crews have been robbed and stores or cargoes stolen" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_branches": { - "text": "Bolivarian National Armed Forces (Fuerza Armada Nacional Bolivariana, FANB): Bolivarian Army (Ejercito Bolivariano, EB), Bolivarian Navy (Armada Bolivariana, AB; includes Naval Infantry, Coast Guard, Naval Aviation), Bolivarian Military Aviation (Aviacion Militar Bolivariana, AMB; includes Air National Guard), Bolivarian National Guard (Guardia Nacional Bolivaria, GNB) (2013)" - }, - "military_service_age_and_obligation": { - "text": "18-30 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; 30-month conscript service obligation; Navy requires 6th-grade education for enlisted personnel; all citizens of military service age (18-60 years old) are obligated to register for military service (2012)" - }, - "manpower_available_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "7,013,854", - "females_age_16_49": "7,165,661 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { - "males_age_16_49": "5,614,743", - "females_age_16_49": "6,074,834 (2010 est.)" - }, - "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { - "male": "277,210", - "female": "273,353 (2010 est.)" - }, - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "0.7% of GDP (2012)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "claims all of the area west of the Essequibo River in Guyana, preventing any discussion of a maritime boundary; Guyana has expressed its intention to join Barbados in asserting claims before the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea that Trinidad and Tobago's maritime boundary with Venezuela extends into their waters; dispute with Colombia over maritime boundary and Venezuelan administered Los Monjes islands near the Gulf of Venezuela; Colombian organized illegal narcotics and paramilitary activities penetrate Venezuela's shared border region; in 2006, an estimated 139,000 Colombians sought protection in 150 communities along the border in Venezuela; US, France, and the Netherlands recognize Venezuela's granting full effect to Aves Island, thereby claiming a Venezuelan Economic Exclusion Zone/continental shelf extending over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea; Dominica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines protest Venezuela's full effect claim" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "refugees_country_of_origin": "203,563 (Colombia) (2012)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "Venezuela is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor; Venezuelan women and girls are trafficked within the country for sexual exploitation, lured from the nation's interior to urban and tourist areas; women from Colombia, Peru, Haiti, China, and South Africa are also reported to have been sexually exploited in Venezuela; some Venezuelan women are transported to Caribbean islands, particularly Aruba, Curacao, and Trinidad & Tobago, where they are subjected to forced prostitution; some Venezuelan children are forced to beg on the streets or work as domestic servants, while Ecuadorian children, who are often from indigenous communities, are subjected to forced labor", - "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Venezuela does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government has increased the investigation of forced labor crimes but has not publicly document progress on prosecutions and convictions of trafficking offenders or on victim identification or assistance; the government also does not report on the existence of formal procedures for identifying trafficking victims and referring them to victim services; authorities provide limited funding to some NGOs providing victim services; public service announcements and an awareness campaign on human trafficking have continued (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "text": "small-scale illicit producer of opium and coca for the processing of opiates and coca derivatives; however, large quantities of cocaine, heroin, and marijuana transit the country from Colombia bound for US and Europe; significant narcotics-related money-laundering activity, especially along the border with Colombia and on Margarita Island; active eradication program primarily targeting opium; increasing signs of drug-related activities by Colombian insurgents on border" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/world.json b/world.json deleted file mode 100644 index b8cfe88a..00000000 --- a/world.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,432 +0,0 @@ -{ - "intro": { - "background": { - "text": "Globally, the 20th century was marked by: (a) two devastating world wars; (b) the Great Depression of the 1930s; (c) the end of vast colonial empires; (d) rapid advances in science and technology, from the first airplane flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina (US) to the landing on the moon; (e) the Cold War between the Western alliance and the Warsaw Pact nations; (f) a sharp rise in living standards in North America, Europe, and Japan; (g) increased concerns about environmental degradation including deforestation, energy and water shortages, declining biological diversity, and air pollution; (h) the onset of the AIDS epidemic; and (i) the ultimate emergence of the US as the only world superpower. The planet's population continues to explode: from 1 billion in 1820 to 2 billion in 1930, 3 billion in 1960, 4 billion in 1974, 5 billion in 1987, 6 billion in 1999, and 7 billion in 2012. For the 21st century, the continued exponential growth in science and technology raises both hopes (e.g., advances in medicine) and fears (e.g., development of even more lethal weapons of war)." - } - }, - "geo": { - "geographic_overview": { - "text": "The surface of the earth is approximately 70.9% water and 29.1% land. The former portion is divided into large water bodies termed oceans. The World Factbook recognizes and describes five oceans, which are in decreasing order of size: the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and Arctic Ocean.; The land portion is generally divided into several, large, discrete landmasses termed continents. Depending on the convention used, the number of continents can vary from five to seven. The most common classification recognizes seven, which are (from largest to smallest): Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia. Asia and Europe are sometimes lumped together into a Eurasian continent resulting in six continents. Alternatively, North and South America are sometimes grouped as simply the Americas, resulting in a continent total of six (or five, if the Eurasia designation is used).; North America is commonly understood to include the island of Greenland, the isles of the Caribbean, and to extend south all the way to the Isthmus of Panama. The easternmost extent of Europe is generally defined as being the Ural Mountains and the Ural River; on the southeast the Caspian Sea; and on the south the Caucasus Mountains, the Black Sea, and the Mediterranean. Portions of Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkey fall within both Europe and Asia, but in every instance the larger section is in Asia. These countries are considered part of both continents. Armenia and Cyprus, which lie completely in Western Asia, are geopolitically European countries.; Asia usually incorporates all the islands of the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The islands of the Pacific are often lumped with Australia into a \"land mass\" termed Oceania or Australasia. Africa's northeast extremity is frequently delimited at the Isthmus of Suez, but for geopolitical purposes, the Egyptian Sinai Peninsula is often included as part of Africa.; Although the above groupings are the most common, different continental dispositions are recognized or taught in certain parts of the world, with some arrangements more heavily based on cultural spheres rather than physical geographic considerations." - }, - "map_references": { - "text": "Political Map of the World , Physical Map of the World , Standard Time\n Zones of the World , World Oceans" - }, - "area": { - "total": "510.072 million sq km", - "land": "148.94 million sq km", - "water": "361.132 million sq km", - "note": "70.9% of the world's surface is water, 29.1% is land" - }, - "area_comparative": { - "text": "land area about 16 times the size of the US", - "top_fifteen_world_factbook_entities_ranked_by_size": "Pacific Ocean 155.557 million sq km; Atlantic Ocean 76.762 million sq km; Indian Ocean 68.556 million sq km; Southern Ocean 20.327 million sq km; Russia 17,098,242 sq km; Arctic Ocean 14.056 million sq km; Antarctica 14 million sq km; Canada 9,984,670 sq km; United States 9,826,675 sq km; China 9,596,961 sq km; Brazil 8,514,877 sq km; Australia 7,741,220 sq km; European Union 4,324,782 sq km; India 3,287,263 sq km; Argentina 2,780,400 sq km", - "top_ten_largest_water_bodies": "Pacific Ocean 155.557 million sq km; Atlantic Ocean 76.762 million sq km; Indian Ocean 68.556 million sq km; Southern Ocean 20.327 million sq km; Arctic Ocean 14.056 million sq km; Coral Sea 4,184,100 sq km; South China Sea 3,595,900 sq km; Caribbean Sea 2.834 million sq km; Bering Sea 2.52 million sq km; Mediterranean Sea 2.469 million sq km", - "top_ten_largest_landmasses": "Asia 44,568,500 sq km; Africa 30.065 million sq km; North America 24.473 million sq km; South America 17.819 million sq km; Antarctica 14 million sq km; Europe 9.948 million sq km; Australia 7,741,220 sq km; Greenland 2,166,086 sq km; New Guinea 785,753 sq km; Borneo 751,929 sq km", - "top_ten_largest_islands": "Greenland 2,166,086 sq km; New Guinea (Indonesia, Papua New Guinea) 785,753 sq km; Borneo (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia) 751,929 sq km; Madagascar 587,713 sq km; Baffin Island (Canada) 507,451 sq km; Sumatra (Indonesia) 472,784 sq km; Honshu (Japan) 227,963 sq km; Victoria Island (Canada) 217,291 sq km; Great Britain (United Kingdom) 209,331 sq km; Ellesmere Island (Canada) 196,236 sq km" - }, - "land_boundaries": { - "text": "the land boundaries in the world total 251,060 km (not counting shared boundaries twice); two nations, China and Russia, each border 14 other countries", - "note": "46 nations and other areas are landlocked, these include: Afghanistan, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Czech Republic, Ethiopia, Holy See (Vatican City), Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malawi, Mali, Moldova, Mongolia, Nepal, Niger, Paraguay, Rwanda, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, South Sudan, Swaziland, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Uzbekistan, West Bank, Zambia, Zimbabwe; two of these, Liechtenstein and Uzbekistan, are doubly landlocked" - }, - "coastline": { - "text": "356,000 km", - "note": "95 nations and other entities are islands that border no other countries, they include: American Samoa, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Ashmore and Cartier Islands, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Baker Island, Barbados, Bermuda, Bouvet Island, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Christmas Island, Clipperton Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Comoros, Cook Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Cuba, Curacao, Cyprus, Dominica, Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), Faroe Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Greenland, Grenada, Guam, Guernsey, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Howland Island, Iceland, Isle of Man, Jamaica, Jan Mayen, Japan, Jarvis Island, Jersey, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Kiribati, Madagascar, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mayotte, Federated States of Micronesia, Midway Islands, Montserrat, Nauru, Navassa Island, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Palmyra Atoll, Paracel Islands, Philippines, Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Saint Barthelemy, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Singapore, Sint Maarten, Solomon Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Spratly Islands, Sri Lanka, Svalbard, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Virgin Islands, Wake Island, Wallis and Futuna, Taiwan" - }, - "maritime_claims": { - "text": "a variety of situations exist, but in general, most countries make the following claims measured from the mean low-tide baseline as described in the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea: territorial sea - 12 nm, contiguous zone - 24 nm, and exclusive economic zone - 200 nm; additional zones provide for exploitation of continental shelf resources and an exclusive fishing zone; boundary situations with neighboring states prevent many countries from extending their fishing or economic zones to a full 200 nm" - }, - "climate": { - "text": "a wide equatorial band of hot and humid tropical climates - bordered north and south by subtropical temperate zones - that separate two large areas of cold and dry polar climates" - }, - "terrain": { - "text": "the greatest ocean depth is the Mariana Trench at 10,924 m in the Pacific Ocean" - }, - "elevation_extremes": { - "lowest_point": "Bentley Subglacial Trench (Antarctica) -2,555 m", - "note": "in the oceanic realm, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the lowest point, lying -10,924 m below the surface of the Pacific Ocean", - "highest_point": "Mount Everest 8,850 m", - "top_ten_highest_mountains_measured_from_sea_level": "Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,850 m; K2 (Pakistan) 8,611 m; Kanchenjunga (India-Nepal) 8,598 m; Lhotse (Nepal) 8,516 m; Makalu (China-Nepal) 8,463 m; Cho Oyu (China-Nepal) 8,201 m; Dhaulagiri (Nepal) 8,167 m; Manaslu (Nepal) 8,163 m; Nanga Parbat (Pakistan) 8,125 m; Anapurna (Nepal) 8,091 m" - }, - "natural_resources": { - "text": "the rapid depletion of nonrenewable mineral resources, the depletion of forest areas and wetlands, the extinction of animal and plant species, and the deterioration in air and water quality (especially in some countries of Eastern Europe, the former USSR, and China) pose serious long-term problems that governments and peoples are only beginning to address" - }, - "land_use": { - "arable_land": "10.43%", - "permanent_crops": "1.15%", - "other": "88.42% (2011)" - }, - "irrigated_land": { - "text": "3,096,621.45 sq km (2011 est.)" - }, - "total_renewable_water_resources": { - "text": "53,789.29 cu km (2011)" - }, - "natural_hazards": { - "text": "large areas subject to severe weather (tropical cyclones); natural disasters (earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions)", - "volcanism": "volcanism is a fundamental driver and consequence of plate tectonics, the physical process reshaping the Earth's lithosphere; the world is home to more than 1,500 potentially active volcanoes, with over 500 of these having erupted in historical times; an estimated 500 million people live near these volcanoes; associated dangers include lava flows, lahars (mudflows), pyroclastic flows, ash clouds, ash fall, ballistic projectiles, gas emissions, landslides, earthquakes, and tsunamis; in the 1990s, the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, created a list of 16 volcanoes worthy of special study because of their great potential for destruction: Avachinsky-Koryaksky (Russia), Colima (Mexico), Etna (Italy), Galeras (Colombia), Mauna Loa (United States), Merapi (Indonesia), Nyiragongo (Democratic Republic of the Congo), Rainier (United States), Sakurajima (Japan), Santa Maria (Guatemala), Santorini (Greece), Taal (Philippines), Teide (Spain), Ulawun (Papua New Guinea), Unzen (Japan), Vesuvius (Italy)" - }, - "environment_current_issues": { - "text": "large areas subject to overpopulation, industrial disasters, pollution (air, water, acid rain, toxic substances), loss of vegetation (overgrazing, deforestation, desertification), loss of wildlife, soil degradation, soil depletion, erosion; global warming becoming a greater concern" - }, - "geography_note": { - "text": "the world is now thought to be about 4.55 billion years old, just about one-third of the 13.8-billion-year age estimated for the universe" - } - }, - "people": { - "languages": { - "text": "Mandarin Chinese 12.44%, Spanish 4.85%, English 4.83%, Arabic 3.25%, Hindi 2.68%, Bengali 2.66%, Portuguese 2.62%, Russian 2.12%, Japanese 1.8%, Standard German 1.33%, Javanese 1.25% (2009 est.)", - "note_1": "percents are for \"first language\" speakers only; the six UN languages - Arabic, Chinese (Mandarin), English, French, Russian, and Spanish (Castilian) - are the mother tongue or second language of about half of the world's population, and are the official languages in more than half the states in the world; some 150 to 200 languages have more than a million speakers", - "note_2": "all told, there are an estimated 7,100 languages spoken in the world; aproximately 80% of these languages are spoken by less than 100,000 people; about 50 languages are spoken by only 1 person; communities that are isolated from each other in mountainous regions often develop multiple languages; Papua New Guinea, for example, boasts about 836 separate languages", - "note_3": "approximately 2,300 languages are spoken in Asia, 2,150, in Africa, 1,311 in the Pacific, 1,060 in the Americas, and 280 in Europe" - }, - "religions": { - "text": "Christian 33.39% (of which Roman Catholic 16.85%, Protestant 6.15%, Orthodox 3.96%, Anglican 1.26%), Muslim 22.74%, Hindu 13.8%, Buddhist 6.77%, Sikh 0.35%, Jewish 0.22%, Baha'i 0.11%, other religions 10.95%, non-religious 9.66%, atheists 2.01% (2010 est.)" - }, - "population": { - "text": "7,095,217,980 (July 2013 est.)", - "top_ten_most_populous_countries_in_millions": "China 1,349.59; India 1,220.80; United States 316.67; Indonesia 251.16; Brazil 201.01; Pakistan 193.24; Nigeria 174.51; Bangladesh 163.65; Russia 142.50; Japan 127.25" - }, - "age_structure": { - "0_14_years": "26% (male 953,496,513/female 890,372,474)", - "15_24_years": "16.8% (male 614,574,389/female 579,810,490)", - "25_54_years": "40.6% (male 1,454,831,900/female 1,426,721,773)", - "55_64_years": "8.4% (male 291,435,881/female 305,185,398)", - "65_years_and_over": "8.2% (male 257,035,416/female 321,753,746) (2013 est.)" - }, - "dependency_ratios": { - "total_dependency_ratio": "52 %", - "youth_dependency_ratio": "39.9 %", - "elderly_dependency_ratio": "12.1 %", - "potential_support_ratio": "8.3 (2013)" - }, - "median_age": { - "total": "29.4 years", - "male": "28.7 years", - "female": "30.2 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "population_growth_rate": { - "text": "1.095%", - "note": "this rate results in about 148 net additions to the worldwide population every minute or 2.5 every second (2013 est.)" - }, - "birth_rate": { - "text": "18.9 births/1,000 population", - "note": "this rate results in about 255 worldwide births per minute or 4.3 births every second (2013 est.)" - }, - "death_rate": { - "text": "7.9 deaths/1,000 population", - "note": "this rate results in about 107 worldwide deaths per minute or 1.8 deaths every second (2013 est.)" - }, - "urbanization": { - "urban_population": "50.5% of total population (2010)", - "rate_of_urbanization": "1.85% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)", - "ten_largest_urban_agglomerations": "Tokyo (Japan) - 36,669,000; Delhi (India) - 22,157,000; Sao Paulo (Brazil) - 20,262,000; Mumbai (India) - 20,041,000; Mexico City (Mexico) - 19,460,000; New York-Newark (US) - 19,425,000; Shanghai (China) - 16,575,000; Kolkata (India) - 15,552,000; Dhaka (Bangladesh) - 14,648,000; Karachi (Pakistan) - 13,125,000 (2009)" - }, - "sex_ratio": { - "at_birth": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "0_14_years": "1.07 male(s)/female", - "15_24_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", - "25_54_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", - "55_64_years": "0.96 male(s)/female", - "65_years_and_over": "0.8 male(s)/female", - "total_population": "1.01 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" - }, - "infant_mortality_rate": { - "total": "37.61 deaths/1,000 live births", - "male": "39.39 deaths/1,000 live births", - "female": "35.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" - }, - "life_expectancy_at_birth": { - "total_population": "68.09 years", - "male": "66.09 years", - "female": "70.24 years (2013 est.)" - }, - "total_fertility_rate": { - "text": "2.45 children born/woman (2013 est.)" - }, - "hospital_bed_density": { - "text": "2.94 beds/1,000 population (2005)" - }, - "drinking_water_source": { - "improved": "urban: 96% of population; rural: 81% of population; total: 89% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 4% of population; rural: 19% of population; total: 11% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "sanitation_facility_access": { - "improved": "urban: 79% of population; rural: 47% of population; total: 63% of population", - "unimproved": "urban: 21% of population; rural: 53% of population; total: 37% of population (2010 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { - "text": "0.8% (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { - "text": "33.3 million (2009 est.)" - }, - "hiv_aids_deaths": { - "text": "1.8 million (2009 est.)" - }, - "literacy": { - "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", - "total_population": "84.1%", - "male": "88.6%", - "female": "79.7%", - "note": "almost three-quarters of the world's 775 million illiterate adults are found in only ten countries (in descending order: India, China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Egypt, Brazil, Indonesia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo); of all the illiterate adults in the world, two-thirds are women; extremely low literacy rates are concentrated in South and West Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa (2010 est.)" - }, - "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { - "total": "12 years", - "male": "12 years", - "female": "12 years (2011)" - } - }, - "govt": { - "administrative_divisions": { - "text": "195 countries, 72 dependent areas and other entities" - }, - "legal_system": { - "text": "the legal systems of nearly all countries are generally modeled upon elements of five main types: civil law (including French law, the Napoleonic Code, Roman law, Roman-Dutch law, and Spanish law); common law (including United States law); customary law; mixed or pluralistic law; and religious law (including Islamic law); an additional type of legal system - international law - governs the conduct of independent nations in their relationships with one another" - }, - "international_law_organization_participation": { - "text": "all members of the UN are parties to the statute that established the International Court of Justice (ICJ) or World Court; 54 countries have accepted jurisdiction of the ICJ as compulsory with reservations and 14 countries have accepted ICJ jurisdiction as compulsory without reservations; states parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICCt) are those countries that have ratified or acceded to the Rome Statute, the treaty that established the Court; a total of 121 (effective 1 July 2012) countries have accepted jurisdiction of the ICCt (see Appendix B for a clarification on the differing mandates of the ICJ and ICCt)" - } - }, - "econ": { - "economy_overview": { - "text": "The international financial crisis of 2008-09 led to the first downturn in global output since 1946 and presented the world with a major new challenge: determining what mix of fiscal and monetary policies to follow to restore growth and jobs, while keeping inflation and debt under control. Financial stabilization and stimulus programs that started in 2009-11, combined with lower tax revenues in 2009-10, required most countries to run large budget deficits. Treasuries issued new public debt - totaling $7.6 trillion since 2008 - to pay for the additional expenditures. To keep interest rates low, most central banks monetized that debt, injecting large sums of money into their economies - between December 2008 and December 2012 the global money supply increased by more than 31%. Governments now are faced with the difficult task of spurring current growth and employment without saddling their economies with so much debt that they sacrifice long-term growth and financial stability. And when economic activity picks up, central banks will confront the difficult task of containing inflation without raising interest rates so high they snuff out further growth.; ; Fiscal and monetary data for 2012 are currently available for 180 countries, which together account for 98.5% of World GDP. Of the 180 countries, 85 pursued unequivocally expansionary policies, boosting government spending while also expanding their money supply relatively rapidly - faster than the world average of 4.1%; 37 followed restrictive fiscal and monetary policies, reducing government spending and holding money growth to less than the 4.1% average; and the remaining 58 followed a mix of counterbalancing fiscal and monetary policies, either reducing government spending while accelerating money growth, or boosting spending while curtailing money growth.; ; (For more information, see attached spreadsheet, Fiscal and Monetary Data, 2008-2012.); ; In 2012, fiscal policy shifted towards greater austerity for a majority of the countries. In an attempt to attack their deficit and debt problems head-on, nearly 5 out of 6 countries slowed the rate of growth of government spending, and 1 in 3 countries actually lowered the level of their expenditures. The global growth rate for government expenditures dropped from 5.9% in 2010 and 10.1% in 2011, to just 1.4% in 2012. Roughly 1 out of 3 central banks tightened monetary policy, decelerating the rate of growth of their money supply, and about 1 out of 7 actually withdrew money from circulation. Growth of the global money supply, as measured by the narrowly defined M1, slowed from 8.7% in 2009 and 10.4% in 2010 to 5.2% in 2011 and 4.1% in 2012.; ; These policy choices significantly affected economic performance. The global budget deficit narrowed to roughly $2.7 trillion in 2012, or 3.8% of World GDP. But growth of the world economy slipped from 5.1% in 2010 and 3.7% in 2011, to just 3.1% in 2012. And world unemployment increased to 9.2%.; ; Countries with expansionary fiscal and monetary policies achieved significantly higher rates of growth, lower unemployment, higher growth of tax revenues, and greater success reducing the public debt burden than those countries that chose contractionary policies. In 2012, the 85 countries that followed a pro-growth approach achieved a median GDP growth rate of 4.9%, compared to just 0.8% for the 37 countries with restrictive fiscal and monetary policies, a difference of more than 4 percentage points. Among the 85, China grew 7.8%, Indonesia 6.0%, Mexico 4.0%, Russia 3.4%, Turkey 3.0%, the United States 2.2%, and Canada 1.9%, while among the 37, Brazil grew 1.3%, Germany 0.7%, France 0.1%, Belgium -0.2%, Netherlands -0.5%, Spain -1.4%, and Italy -2.3%. The median unemployment rate for the 37 countries jumped to 11.5%, while the median for the pro-growth countries held steady at 7.3%.; ; Faster GDP growth and lower unemployment rates translated into increased tax revenues and a lower debt burden. Revenues for the 85 expansionary countries grew at a median rate of 10.8%, whereas tax revenues fell at a median rate of 6.2% for the 37 countries that chose austere economic policies. Budget balances improved for about half of the 37, but, for most, debt grew faster than GDP, and the median level of their public debt as a share of GDP increased 2.5 percentage points, to 57.8%. On the other hand, budget balances deteriorated for most of the 85 pro-growth countries, but GDP growth outpaced increases in debt, and the median level of public debt as a share of GDP actually declined slightly (-0.1 percentage points).; ; The world recession has suppressed inflation rates - world inflation declined 1.0 percentage point in 2012 to about 4.0%. At the same time, the median inflation rate for the 85 pro-growth countries, at 5.5%, was 2.5 percentage points higher than that for the countries that followed more austere fiscal and monetary policies. Overall, the latter countries also improved their current account balances by shedding imports; as a result, current account balances deteriorated for most of the countries that pursued pro-growth policies. Slower growth of world income reduced import demand and crude oil prices fell. Consequently, the dollar value of world trade grew just 1% in 2012, compared with 18% in 2011.; ; Beyond the current global slowdown, the world faces several long-standing economic challenges. The addition of 80 million people each year to an already overcrowded globe is exacerbating the problems of pollution, waste-disposal, epidemics, water-shortages, famine, over-fishing of oceans, deforestation, desertification, and depletion of non-renewable resources. The nation-state, as a bedrock economic-political institution, is steadily losing control over international flows of people, goods, services, funds, and technology. The introduction of the euro as the common currency of much of Western Europe in January 1999, while paving the way for an integrated economic powerhouse, has created economic risks because the participating nations have varying income levels and growth rates, and hence, require a different mix of monetary and fiscal policies. Governments, especially in Western Europe, face the difficult political problem of channeling resources away from welfare programs in order to increase investment and strengthen incentives to seek employment. Because of their own internal problems and priorities, the industrialized countries are unable to devote sufficient resources to deal effectively with the poorer areas of the world, which, at least from an economic point of view, are becoming further marginalized. The terrorist attacks on the US on 11 September 2001 accentuated a growing risk to global prosperity - the diversion of resources away from capital investments to counter-terrorist programs.; ; Despite these vexing problems, the world economy also shows great promise. Technology has made possible further advances in a wide range of fields, from agriculture, to medicine, alternative energy, metallurgy, and transportation. Improved global communications have greatly reduced the costs of international trade, helping the world gain from the international division of labor, raise living standards, and reduce income disparities among nations. Much of the resilience of the world economy in the aftermath of the financial crisis resulted from government and central bank leaders around the globe working in concert to stem the financial onslaught, knowing well the lessons of past economic failures." - }, - "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { - "text": "$84.97 trillion (2012 est.); $82.47 trillion (2011 est.); $79.45 trillion (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { - "text": "GWP (gross world product): $71.83 trillion (2012 est.)" - }, - "gdp_real_growth_rate": { - "text": "3% (2012 est.); 3.8% (2011 est.); 5.1% (2010 est.)" - }, - "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { - "text": "$12,700 (2012 est.); $12,500 (2011 est.); $12,200 (2010 est.)", - "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { - "household_consumption": "62%", - "government_consumption": "18.5%", - "investment_in_fixed_capital": "19.4%", - "investment_in_inventories": "0.5%", - "exports_of_goods_and_services": "29.3%", - "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-29.7% (2011 est.)" - }, - "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { - "agriculture": "5.9%", - "industry": "30.7%", - "services": "63.4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "industries": { - "text": "dominated by the onrush of technology, especially in computers, robotics, telecommunications, and medicines and medical equipment; most of these advances take place in OECD nations; only a small portion of non-OECD countries have succeeded in rapidly adjusting to these technological forces; the accelerated development of new technologies is complicating already grim environmental problems" - }, - "industrial_production_growth_rate": { - "text": "3.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "labor_force": { - "text": "3.297 billion (2012 est.)" - }, - "labor_force_by_occupation": { - "agriculture": "35.3%", - "industry": "22.7%", - "services": "42% (2008)" - }, - "unemployment_rate": { - "text": "9% (2012 est.); 8.4% (2011 est.)", - "note": "30% combined unemployment and underemployment in many non-industrialized countries; developed countries typically 4%-12% unemployment (2007 est.)" - }, - "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { - "lowest_10%": "2.8%", - "highest_10%": "28.2% (2007 est.)" - }, - "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { - "text": "39 (2007 est.); 37.2 (1998 est.)" - }, - "budget": { - "revenues": "$20.69 trillion", - "expenditures": "$23.38 trillion (2012 est.)" - }, - "taxes_and_other_revenues": { - "text": "28.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { - "text": "-3.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "public_debt": { - "text": "64.5% of GDP (2012 est.); 63.4% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { - "text": "world average 4.1% (2012 est.); developed countries 2.3% (2011 est.); developing countries 5.3% (2012 est.)", - "note": "the above estimates are weighted averages; inflation in developed countries is 0% to 4% typically, in developing countries, 5% to 10% typically; national inflation rates vary widely in individual cases; inflation rates have declined for most countries for the last several years, held in check by increasing international competition from several low wage countries, and by soft demand as a result of the world financial crisis (2012 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_narrow_money": { - "text": "$27.02 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $25.53 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_broad_money": { - "text": "$81.68 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $77.49 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_domestic_credit": { - "text": "$108.7 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $101.7 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { - "text": "$47.04 trillion (31 December 2011); $56.37 trillion (31 December 2010); $48.71 trillion (31 December 2009 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "$18.26 trillion (2012 est.); $18 trillion (2011 est.)" - }, - "exports_commodities": { - "text": "the whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and services", - "top_ten_share_of_world_trade": "electrical machinery, including computers 14.8%; mineral fuels, including oil, coal, gas, and refined products 14.4%; nuclear reactors, boilers, and parts 14.2%; cars, trucks, and buses 8.9%; scientific and precision instruments 3.5%; plastics 3.4%; iron and steel 2.7%; organic chemicals 2.6%; pharmaceutical products 2.6%; diamonds, pearls, and precious stones 1.9%" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "$17.84 trillion (2012 est.); $17.65 trillion (2011 est.)" - }, - "imports_commodities": { - "text": "the whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and services", - "top_ten_share_of_world_trade": "see listing for exports" - }, - "debt_external": { - "text": "$72.85 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $69.6 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)", - "note": "this figure is the sum total of all countries' external debt, both public and private" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { - "text": "$21.89 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $20.43 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - }, - "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { - "text": "$23.11 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $21.54 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" - } - }, - "energy": { - "electricity_production": { - "text": "21.33 trillion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_consumption": { - "text": "19.54 trillion kWh (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_exports": { - "text": "631.4 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_imports": { - "text": "696.6 billion kWh (2010 est.)" - }, - "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { - "text": "5.144 billion kW (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { - "text": "66.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { - "text": "7.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { - "text": "18.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { - "text": "4.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_production": { - "text": "84.53 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_exports": { - "text": "41.01 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_imports": { - "text": "43.78 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" - }, - "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { - "text": "1.532 trillion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_production": { - "text": "82.96 million bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { - "text": "87.63 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { - "text": "22.81 million bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { - "text": "21.35 million bbl/day (2008 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_production": { - "text": "3.401 trillion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_consumption": { - "text": "3.294 trillion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_exports": { - "text": "1.15 trillion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_imports": { - "text": "1.448 trillion cu m (2010 est.)" - }, - "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { - "text": "208.4 trillion cu m (1 January 2011 est.)" - }, - "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { - "text": "31.68 billion Mt (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "comm": { - "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { - "text": "1.2 billion (2011)" - }, - "telephones_mobile_cellular": { - "text": "6 billion (2011)" - }, - "internet_users": { - "text": "2.1 billion (2010)" - } - }, - "trans": { - "airports": { - "text": "total airports - 41,821 (2013)", - "top_ten_by_passengers": "Atlanta (ATL) - 95,672,104; Beijing (PEK) - 81,908,740; London (LHR) - 70,051,902; Tokyo (HND) - 67,824,747; Chicago (ORD) - 67,124,607; Los Angeles (LAX) - 63,849,335; Paris (CDG) - 61,478,475; Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW) - 58,887,570; Dubai (DXB) - 58,392,171; Jakarta (CGK) - 57,839,056 (2013)", - "top_ten_by_cargo_metric_tons": "Hong Kong (HKG) - 4,120,348; Memphis (MEM) - 4,053,865; Shanghai (PVG) - 2,969,554; Anchorage (ANC) - 2,470,147; Incheon (ICN) - 2,461,229; Dubai (DXB) - 2,294,614; Louisville (SDF) - 2,186,937; Frankfurt (FRA) - 2,067,698; Tokyo (NRT) - 2,014,500; Paris (CDG) - 1,940,850 (2013) (2013)" - }, - "heliports": { - "text": "6,524 (2013)" - }, - "railways": { - "total": "1,139,615 km (2008)" - }, - "roadways": { - "total": "102,260,304 km (2008)" - }, - "waterways": { - "text": "671,886 km", - "top_ten_longest_rivers": "Nile (Africa) 6,693 km; Amazon (South America) 6,436 km; Mississippi-Missouri (North America) 6,238 km; Yenisey-Angara (Asia) 5,981 km; Ob-Irtysh (Asia) 5,569 km; Yangtze (Asia) 5,525 km; Yellow (Asia) 4,671 km; Amur (Asia) 4,352 km; Lena (Asia) 4,345 km; Congo (Africa) 4,344 km", - "note": "the areas of the lakes are subject to seasonal variation; only the Caspian Sea is saline, the rest are fresh water", - "top_ten_largest_natural_lakes_by_surface_area": "Caspian Sea (Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkmenistan) 372,960 sq km; Lake Superior (Canada, United States) 82,414 sq km; Lake Victoria (Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda) 69,490 sq km; Lake Huron (Canada, United States) 59,596 sq km; Lake Michigan (United States) 57,441 sq km; Lake Tanganyika (Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Zambia) 32,890 sq km; Great Bear Lake (Canada) 31,800 sq km; Lake Baikal (Russia) 31,494 sq km; Lake Nyasa (Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania) 30,044 sq km; Great Slave Lake (Canada) 28,400 sq km" - }, - "ports_and_terminals": { - "top_ten_container_ports_as_measured_by_twenty_foot_equivalent_units_teus_throughput": "Shanghai (China) - 31,739,000; Singapore (Singapore) - 29,937,700; Hong Kong (China) - 24,384,000; Shenzhen (China) - 22,570,800; Busan (South Korea) - 16,163,842; Ningbo (China) - 14,719,200; Guangzhou (China) - 14,260,400; Qingdao (China) - 13,020,100; Dubai (UAE) - 12,617,595; - Rotterdam (Netherlands) - 11,876,920 (2011)" - }, - "transportation_note": { - "text": "the International Maritime Bureau (IMB) reports that 2011 saw a very slight (1%) decrease in global pirate activities with marginally fewer people taken hostage at sea; in 2011, pirates attacked a total of 439 ships world-wide including hijacking 45 ships, capturing 802 seafarers, and killing eight; while the Horn of Africa remains the most dangerous area for maritime shipping, accounting for more than 50% of all attacks in 2011, a number of attacks also occurred in the coastal waters of Indonesia, the South China Sea, Bangladesh, and West Africa; as of July 2012, there were 189 attacks worldwide with 20 hijackings; the Horn of Africa remains the most dangerous region in 2012 with 70 attacks, 13 hijackings, 212 hostages seized; as of July 2012, Somali pirates held 11 vessels and 174 hostages; the decrease in successful pirate attacks is due, in part, to more aggressive anti-piracy operations by international naval forces as well as the increased use of armed security teams aboard merchant ships" - } - }, - "military": { - "military_expenditures": { - "text": "roughly 2.1% of GDP of gross world product (2012 est.)" - } - }, - "issues": { - "disputes_international": { - "text": "stretching over 250,000 km, the world's 322 international land boundaries separate 195 independent states and 71 dependencies, areas of special sovereignty, and other miscellaneous entities; ethnicity, culture, race, religion, and language have divided states into separate political entities as much as history, physical terrain, political fiat, or conquest, resulting in sometimes arbitrary and imposed boundaries; most maritime states have claimed limits that include territorial seas and exclusive economic zones; overlapping limits due to adjacent or opposite coasts create the potential for 430 bilateral maritime boundaries of which 209 have agreements that include contiguous and non-contiguous segments; boundary, borderland/resource, and territorial disputes vary in intensity from managed or dormant to violent or militarized; undemarcated, indefinite, porous, and unmanaged boundaries tend to encourage illegal cross-border activities, uncontrolled migration, and confrontation; territorial disputes may evolve from historical and/or cultural claims, or they may be brought on by resource competition; ethnic and cultural clashes continue to be responsible for much of the territorial fragmentation and internal displacement of the estimated 6.6 million people and cross-border displacements of 8.6 million refugees around the world as of early 2006; just over one million refugees were repatriated in the same period; other sources of contention include access to water and mineral (especially hydrocarbon) resources, fisheries, and arable land; armed conflict prevails not so much between the uniformed armed forces of independent states as between stateless armed entities that detract from the sustenance and welfare of local populations, leaving the community of nations to cope with resultant refugees, hunger, disease, impoverishment, and environmental degradation" - }, - "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { - "text": "the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) estimated that as of the end of 2012 there were 45.2 million people forcibly displaced worldwide; this includes 15.4 million refugees, 937,000 asylum seekers, and 28.8 million IDPs (2012)" - }, - "trafficking_in_persons": { - "current_situation": "approximately 800,000 people, mostly women and children, are trafficked annually across national borders, not including the millions who are trafficked within their own countries; at least 80% of the victims are female and up to 50% are minors; 75% of all victims are trafficked into commercial sexual exploitation; almost two-thirds of the global victims are trafficked intra-regionally within East Asia and the Pacific (260,000 to 280,000 people) and Europe and Eurasia (170,000 to 210,000 people) (2012)", - "tier_2_watch_list": "(44 countries) Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Bahrain, Barbados, Belarus, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Federated States of Micronesia, The Gambia, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Kenya, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands, Morocco, Namibia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Seychelles, Solomon Islands, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uruguay, Venezuela", - "tier_3": "(21 countries) Algeria, Central African Republic, China, Democratic Republic of Congo, Cuba, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Guinea-Bissau, Iran, North Korea, Kuwait, Libya, Mauritania, Papua New Guinea, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Uzbekistan, Yemen, Zimbabwe (2013)" - }, - "illicit_drugs": { - "cocaine": "worldwide coca leaf cultivation in 2007 amounted to 232,500 hectares; Colombia produced slightly more than two-thirds of the worldwide crop, followed by Peru and Bolivia; potential pure cocaine production decreased 7% to 865 metric tons in 2007; Colombia conducts an aggressive coca eradication campaign, but both Peruvian and Bolivian Governments are hesitant to eradicate coca in key growing areas; 551 metric tons of export-quality cocaine (85% pure) is documented to have been seized or destroyed in 2005; US consumption of export quality cocaine is estimated to have been in excess of 380 metric tons", - "opiates": "worldwide illicit opium poppy cultivation continued to increase in 2007, with a potential opium production of 8,400 metric tons, reaching the highest levels recorded since estimates began in mid-1980s; Afghanistan is world's primary opium producer, accounting for 95% of the global supply; Southeast Asia - responsible for 9% of global opium - saw marginal increases in production; Latin America produced 1% of global opium, but most was refined into heroin destined for the US market; if all potential opium was processed into pure heroin, the potential global production would be 1,000 metric tons of heroin in 2007" - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file