diff --git a/africa/ag.json b/africa/ag.json index e6d88c0c..6286c821 100644 --- a/africa/ag.json +++ b/africa/ag.json @@ -1003,10 +1003,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "26.35 million (2021 est.)" + "text": "27.28 million (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "36% (2019 est.)" + "text": "60.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { @@ -1148,7 +1148,7 @@ "text": "approximately 140,000 ANP personnel (120,000 Army; 6,000 Navy; 14,000 Air Force); approximately 130,000 National Gendarmerie; approximately 200,000 General Directorate of National Security (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the ANP's inventory includes mostly Russian-sourced equipment; since 2010, China, Germany, and Russia are the leading suppliers of armaments to Algeria (2021)" + "text": "the ANP's inventory includes mostly Russian-sourced equipment; since 2010, Algeria has received arms from more than 15 countries, with Russia as the leading supplier (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service (including women); 19-30 years of age for compulsory service (all Algerian men must register at age 17); conscript service obligation reduced from 18 to 12 months in 2014 (2021)", @@ -1166,7 +1166,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "

Algeria and many other states reject Moroccan administration of Western Sahara; the Polisario Front, exiled in Algeria, represents the \"Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic\" which Algeria recognizes; the Algerian-Moroccan land border remains closed; dormant disputes include Libyan claims of about 32,000 sq km of southeastern Algeria and the National Liberation Front's (FLN) assertions of a claim to Chirac Pastures in southeastern Morocco.

 

" + "text": "

Algeria-Morocco: the Algerian-Moroccan land border remains closed; Algeria's border with Morocco remains an irritant to bilateral relations, each nation accusing the other of harboring militants and arms smuggling; the National Liberation Front's (FLN) assertions of a claim to Chirac Pastures in southeastern Morocco remain a dormant dispute

Algeria-Libya: dormant dispute includes Libyan claims of about 32,000 sq km still reflected on its maps of southeastern Algeria

" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/africa/ao.json b/africa/ao.json index 1618b2d5..b3f930e3 100644 --- a/africa/ao.json +++ b/africa/ao.json @@ -1046,10 +1046,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "10.36 million (2021 est.)" + "text": "12.41 million (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "36% (2019 est.)" + "text": "36% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { @@ -1203,7 +1203,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "

Democratic Republic of Congo accuses Angola of shifting monuments

" + "text": "

Angola-Democratic Republic of Congo(DROC): DROC accuses Angola of shifting monuments

Angola-Namibia: None identified

Angola-Republic of Congo: (Kabinda Exclave) None identified

Angola-Zambia: because the straight-line segments along the left bank (Zambian side) of the Cuando/Kwando River do not conform with the physical alignment of the unstable shoreline, Zambian residents in some areas have settled illegally on sections of shoreline that fall on the Angolan side of the boundary

" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/africa/bc.json b/africa/bc.json index 81d16c90..f76bd2cc 100644 --- a/africa/bc.json +++ b/africa/bc.json @@ -1030,10 +1030,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "1.12 million (2021 est.)" + "text": "1.48 million (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "47% (2019 est.)" + "text": "61% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { @@ -1145,7 +1145,7 @@ "text": "the Botswana Defense Force (BDF) has approximately 9,000 active personnel (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the BDF has a mix of foreign-supplied and mostly older weapons and equipment, largely from Europe and the US (2021)" + "text": "the BDF has a mix of foreign-supplied and mostly older weapons and equipment, largely from Europe (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service (men and women); no conscription (2021)" diff --git a/africa/bn.json b/africa/bn.json index 1244caf2..dff46d29 100644 --- a/africa/bn.json +++ b/africa/bn.json @@ -1030,10 +1030,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "3.5 million (2021 est.)" + "text": "3.66 million (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "28.4% (2019 est.)" + "text": "29% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { diff --git a/africa/by.json b/africa/by.json index a1e0ee7b..3e8a8a65 100644 --- a/africa/by.json +++ b/africa/by.json @@ -1022,10 +1022,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "1.61 million (2021 est.)" + "text": "1.82 million (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "2.66% (2019 est.)" + "text": "14.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { @@ -1127,7 +1127,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "

Burundi and Rwanda dispute two sq km (0.8 sq mi) of Sabanerwa, a farmed area in the Rukurazi Valley where the Akanyaru/Kanyaru River shifted its course southward after heavy rains in 1965; cross-border conflicts persist among Tutsi, Hutu, other ethnic groups, associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces in the Great Lakes region

" + "text": "

cross-border conflicts persist among Tutsi, Hutu, other ethnic groups, associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces in the Great Lakes region

Burundi-Rwanda: Burundi's Ngozi province and Rwanda's Butare province dispute the two-kilometer-square hilly farmed area of Sabanerwa in the Rukurazi Valley where the Akanyaru/Kanyaru River shifted its course southward after heavy rains in 1965 around Kibinga Hill in Rwanda's Butare Province


" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/africa/cd.json b/africa/cd.json index 1c88ee68..84580a30 100644 --- a/africa/cd.json +++ b/africa/cd.json @@ -1142,7 +1142,7 @@ "text": "limited and varied information; approximately 30,000 active personnel (20-25,000 Ground Forces; 300 Air Force; 5-10,000 General Direction of the Security Services of State Institutions); approximately 5,000 National Gendarmerie; approximately 3,000 National Nomadic Guard of Chad (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the ANT is mostly armed with older or second-hand equipment from Belgium, France, Russia, and the former Soviet Union; since 2010, it has received equipment, including donations, from a variety of countries, including China, Italy, Ukraine, and the US (2021)" + "text": "the ANT is mostly armed with older or second-hand equipment from Belgium, France, Russia, and the former Soviet Union; since 2010, it has received equipment, including donations, from more than 10 countries, including China, Italy, Ukraine, and the US (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "20 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service, with a 3-year service obligation; 18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary service; no minimum age restriction for volunteers with consent from a parent or guardian; women are subject to 1 year of compulsory military or civic service at age 21 (2021)" diff --git a/africa/cf.json b/africa/cf.json index b2d24127..d0e4e4b9 100644 --- a/africa/cf.json +++ b/africa/cf.json @@ -1183,7 +1183,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "

the location of the boundary in the broad Congo River with the Democratic Republic of the Congo is undefined except in the Pool Malebo/Stanley Pool area

" + "text": "

Republic of the Congo-Democratic Republic of Congo(DROC): the location of the boundary in the broad Congo River is indefinite except in the Pool Malebo/Stanley Pool area

Republic of the Congo-Angola: (Kabinda Exclave) None identified

" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/africa/cg.json b/africa/cg.json index 336d3fa0..51cfefd4 100644 --- a/africa/cg.json +++ b/africa/cg.json @@ -1238,7 +1238,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "

heads of the Great Lakes states and UN pledged in 2004 to abate tribal, rebel, and militia fighting in the region, including northeast Congo, where the UN Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC), organized in 1999, maintains over 16,500 uniformed peacekeepers; members of Uganda's Lord's Resistance Army forces continue to seek refuge in Congo's Garamba National Park as peace talks with the Uganda Government evolve; the location of the boundary in the broad Congo River with the Republic of the Congo is indefinite except in the Pool Malebo/Stanley Pool area; Uganda and DRC dispute Rukwanzi Island in Lake Albert and other areas on the Semliki River with hydrocarbon potential; boundary commission continues discussions over Congolese-administered triangle of land on the right bank of the Lunkinda River claimed by Zambia near the DRC village of Pweto; DRC accuses Angola of shifting monuments

" + "text": "

heads of the Great Lakes states and UN pledged in 2004 to abate tribal, rebel, and militia fighting in the region, including northeast Congo, where the UN Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC), organized in 1999, maintains over 16,500 uniformed peacekeepers

Democratic Republic of Congo(DROC)-Republic of the Congo: the location of the boundary in the broad Congo River is indefinite except in the Pool Malebo/Stanley Pool area

Democratic Republic of Congo(DROC)-Uganda: Uganda rejects the DROC claim to Margherita Peak in the Rwenzori mountains and considers it a boundary divide; there is tension and violence on Lake Albert over prospective oil reserves at the mouth of the Semliki River

Democratic Republic of Congo(DROC)-Zambia: boundary commission continues discussions over Congolese-administered triangle of land on the right bank of the Lunkinda River claimed by Zambia near the DROC village of Pweto

Democratic Republic of Congo(DROC)-Angola: DROC accuses Angola of shifting monuments

" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/africa/cm.json b/africa/cm.json index 7724c521..21d91921 100644 --- a/africa/cm.json +++ b/africa/cm.json @@ -614,13 +614,13 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:
Senate or Senat (100 seats; 70 members indirectly elected by regional councils and 30 appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms)
National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (180 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)" + "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:
Senate or Senat (100 seats; 70 members indirectly elected by regional councils and 30 appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms)
National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (180 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "Senate - last held on 25 March 2018 (next to be held in 2023)
National Assembly - last held on 9 February 2020 (current term extended by President); note - the constitutional court has ordered a partial rerun of elections in the English speaking areas; date to be determined" + "text": "Senate - last held on 25 March 2018 (next to be held in 2023)
National Assembly - last held on 9 February 2020 (current term extended by president); note - the Constitutional Court has ordered a partial rerun of elections in the English speaking areas; date to be determined" }, "election results": { - "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - CDPM 81.1%, SDF 8.6%, UNDP 5.8%, UDC 1.16%, other 2.8%; seats by party - CPDM 63, SDF 7
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPDM 139, UNDP 7, SDF 5, PCRN 5, UDC 4, FSNC 3, MDR 2, Union of Socialist Movements 2; 13 vacant; composition - NA" + "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - CDPM 81.1%, SDF 8.6%, UNDP 5.8%, UDC 1.16%, other 2.8%; seats by party - CPDM 63, SDF 7; composition as of March 2022 - men 74, women 26, percent of women 26%
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPDM 139, UNDP 7, SDF 5, PCRN 5, UDC 4, FSNC 3, MDR 2, Union of Socialist Movements 2; 13 vacant; composition as of March 2022 - men 119, women 61, percent of women 33.9%; note - total Parliament percent of women 31.1%" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -1211,7 +1211,7 @@ "text": "information varies widely; approximately 40,000 active duty troops; (25,000 ground forces, including the BIR and Presidential Guard; 2,000 Navy; 1,000 Air Force; 12,000 Gendarmerie) (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the FAC inventory includes a mix of mostly older or second-hand Chinese, Russian, and Western equipment, with a limited quantity of more modern weapons; since 2010, China is the leading supplier of armaments to the FAC (2021)" + "text": "the FAC inventory includes a wide mix of mostly older or second-hand Chinese, Russian, and Western equipment, with a limited quantity of more modern weapons; since 2010, China is the leading supplier of armaments to the FAC (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-23 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription; high school graduation required; service obligation 4 years (2021)" diff --git a/africa/cn.json b/africa/cn.json index e6d3a389..45ca70e1 100644 --- a/africa/cn.json +++ b/africa/cn.json @@ -1021,7 +1021,7 @@ "text": "Comoran Defense Force has an estimated 600 personnel; est. 500 Comoran Federal Police (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the defense forces are lightly armed with a mix of equipment from a variety of countries, including France, Italy, Russia, and the US (2021)" + "text": "the defense forces are lightly armed with a mix of mostly older equipment from a variety of countries, including France, Italy, Russia, and the US (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for 2-year voluntary male and female military service; no conscription (2021)" diff --git a/africa/ct.json b/africa/ct.json index c2e008de..fca8c83f 100644 --- a/africa/ct.json +++ b/africa/ct.json @@ -1127,7 +1127,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "

periodic skirmishes persist over water and grazing rights among related pastoral populations along the border with southern Sudan

" + "text": "

Central African Republic-South Sudan : periodic violent skirmishes persist among related pastoral populations along the border with the Central African Republic over water and grazing rights

Central African Republic-Sudan : periodic violent skirmishes persist among related pastoral populations along the border with the Central African Republic over water and grazing rights

" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/africa/dj.json b/africa/dj.json index d9af0123..7ba6ed37 100644 --- a/africa/dj.json +++ b/africa/dj.json @@ -1102,7 +1102,7 @@ "text": "the Djibouti Armed Forces (FAD) have approximately 10,500 active troops (8,000 Army; 250 Naval; 250 Air; 2,000 Gendarmerie) (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the FAD is armed largely with older French and Soviet-era weapons systems; since 2010, it has received limited amounts of mostly second-hand equipment from a variety of countries, including Canada, China, France, Italy, Saudi Arabia, and the US (2021)" + "text": "the FAD is armed largely with older French and Soviet-era weapons systems; since 2010, it has received limited amounts of mostly second-hand equipment from a variety of countries, including China and the US (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service (men and women); 16-25 years of age for voluntary military training; no conscription (2021)" diff --git a/africa/gb.json b/africa/gb.json index 3c5cde9b..843cdd03 100644 --- a/africa/gb.json +++ b/africa/gb.json @@ -1142,7 +1142,7 @@ "text": "approximately 6,500 active duty troops including the Republican Guard and Gendarmerie (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the FDG is lightly armed with an inventory comprised mostly of Brazilian, French, and South African equipment (2021)" + "text": "the FDG is lightly armed with a mixed inventory from a variety of suppliers; since 2010, providers have included Brazil, China, France, Germany, and South Africa (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "20 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2021)" diff --git a/africa/gh.json b/africa/gh.json index 8ba2ce80..17fdc296 100644 --- a/africa/gh.json +++ b/africa/gh.json @@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@ "text": "approximately 14,000 active personnel (10,000 Army; 2,000 Navy; 2,000 Air Force) (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the inventory of the Ghana Armed Forces is a mix of Russian, Chinese, and Western equipment; since 2010, it has received armaments from a variety of suppliers, including China, Germany, Russia, and Spain (2021)" + "text": "the inventory of the Ghana Armed Forces is a mix of Russian, Chinese, and Western equipment; since 2010, China is the leading supplier of arms (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-26 years of age for voluntary military service, with basic education certificate; no conscription (2021)" diff --git a/africa/gv.json b/africa/gv.json index cc67d6b4..c4ee3261 100644 --- a/africa/gv.json +++ b/africa/gv.json @@ -1166,7 +1166,7 @@ "text": "Guinean National Armed Forces are comprised of approximately 12,000 active personnel
(9,000 Army; 400 Navy; 800 Air Force; 300 BASP; 1,500 Gendarmerie) (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the inventory of the Guinean military consists largely of ageing and outdated (mostly Soviet-era) equipment; since 2010, it has received small amounts of equipment from France, Russia, and South Africa (2021)" + "text": "the inventory of the Guinean military consists largely of ageing and outdated (mostly Soviet-era) equipment; since 2010, it has received small amounts of equipment from China, France, Russia, and South Africa (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "Voluntary and selective conscripted service, 9-24 mos (2021)" diff --git a/africa/ke.json b/africa/ke.json index fccedb57..85a71e34 100644 --- a/africa/ke.json +++ b/africa/ke.json @@ -1215,7 +1215,7 @@ "text": " approximately 24,000 personnel (20,000 Army; 1,500 Navy; 2,500 Air Force) (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the KDF's inventory traditionally carried mostly older or second-hand Western weapons systems, particularly from France, the UK, and the US; however, since the 2000s it has sought to modernize and diversify its imports; suppliers since 2010 include China, France, Italy, Jordan, Serbia, South Africa, Spain, and the US (2021)" + "text": "the KDF's inventory traditionally carried mostly older or second-hand Western weapons systems, particularly from France, the UK, and the US; however, since the 2000s it has sought to modernize and diversify its imports, and suppliers have included more than a dozen countries ranging from China to Italy, Jordan, and the US (2022)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "no conscription; 18-26 years of age for male and female voluntary service (under 18 with parental consent; upper limit 30 years of age for specialists, tradesmen, or women with a diploma; 39 years of age for chaplains/imams), with a 9-year obligation (7 years for Kenyan Navy) and subsequent 3-year re-enlistments; applicants must be Kenyan citizens (2021)" @@ -1238,11 +1238,11 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "

Kenya served as an important mediator in brokering Sudan's north-south separation in February 2005; as of March 2019, Kenya provides shelter to nearly 475,000 refugees and asylum seekers, including Ugandans who flee across the border periodically to seek protection from Lord's Resistance Army rebels; Kenya works hard to prevent the clan and militia fighting in Somalia from spreading across the border, which has long been open to nomadic pastoralists; the boundary that separates Kenya's and Sudan's sovereignty is unclear in the \"Ilemi Triangle,\" which Kenya has administered since colonial times; in 2018, Kenya signed an MoU with Uganda and South Sudan to help demarcate their borders

" + "text": "

Kenya served as an important mediator in brokering Sudan's north-south separation in February 2005; as of March 2019, Kenya provides shelter to nearly 475,000 refugees and asylum seekers, including Ugandans who flee across the border periodically to seek protection from Lord's Resistance Army rebels; Kenya works hard to prevent the clan and militia fighting in Somalia from spreading across the border, which has long been open to nomadic pastoralists; the boundary that separates Kenya's and Sudan's sovereignty is unclear in the \"Ilemi Triangle,\" which Kenya has administered since colonial times

Uganda-Kenya: Kenya and Uganda have begun a joint demarcation of the boundary in 2021 

" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "278,657 (Somalia), 136,127 (South Sudan), 48,284 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 20,523 (Ethiopia), 7,237 (Burundi) (2022)" + "text": "278,844 (Somalia), 137,776 (South Sudan), 48,284 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 20,523 (Ethiopia), 7,237 (Burundi) (2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "190,000 (election-related violence, intercommunal violence, resource conflicts, al-Shabaab attacks in 2017 and 2018) (2020)" diff --git a/africa/li.json b/africa/li.json index e692fbdb..89a6aabe 100644 --- a/africa/li.json +++ b/africa/li.json @@ -1135,7 +1135,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "7,763 (Cote d'Ivoire) (2022)" + "text": "7,811 (Cote d'Ivoire) (2022)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { diff --git a/africa/lt.json b/africa/lt.json index 118c1e95..40932ee8 100644 --- a/africa/lt.json +++ b/africa/lt.json @@ -1098,7 +1098,7 @@ "text": "approximately 2,000 personnel (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the LDF has a small inventory of older equipment from a variety of countries; since 2007, it has received only  small quantities of second hand equipment (2021)" + "text": "the LDF has a small inventory of older equipment from a variety of countries; since 2010, it has received only small quantities of second hand equipment from France (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-24 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; women can serve as commissioned officers (2021)" diff --git a/africa/ly.json b/africa/ly.json index c70e2caf..1af1664d 100644 --- a/africa/ly.json +++ b/africa/ly.json @@ -1082,7 +1082,7 @@ "text": "estimates not available" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "both the forces aligned with the GNU and the LNA are largely equipped with weapons of Russian or Soviet origin; as of 2021, Turkey was providing arms and equipment to the forces supporting the GNU, while Russia was the main supporter of the LNA (2021)" + "text": "both the forces aligned with the GNU and the LNA are largely equipped with weapons of Russian or Soviet origin; as of 2021, Turkey was the top provider of arms and equipment to the forces supporting the GNU, while the United Arab Emirates was the main supporter of the LNA (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "not available" @@ -1099,7 +1099,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "

dormant disputes include Libyan claims of about 32,000 sq km still reflected on its maps of southeastern Algeria and the FLN's assertions of a claim to Chirac Pastures in southeastern Morocco; various Chadian rebels from the Aozou region reside in southern Libya

" + "text": "

Libya-Algeria: dormant disputes include Libyan claims of about 32,000 sq km still reflected on its maps of southeastern Algeria

Libya-Chad: various Chadian rebels from the Aozou region reside in southern Libya

" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/africa/mo.json b/africa/mo.json index d0bcbba1..389ca5db 100644 --- a/africa/mo.json +++ b/africa/mo.json @@ -1210,7 +1210,7 @@ "text": "approximately 200,000 active personnel (175,000 Army; 10,000 Navy; 15,000 Air Force); est. 25,000 Gendarmerie (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Moroccan military's inventory is comprised of mostly older French and US equipment; since 2010, France and the US are the leading suppliers of weapons to Morocco (2021)" + "text": "the Moroccan military's inventory is comprised of mostly older French and US equipment; since 2010, it has received equipment from about a dozen countries with France and the US as the leading suppliers (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "19-25 years of age for 12-month compulsory military service (reintroduced in 2019); both sexes are obligated to military service (2021)" diff --git a/africa/mp.json b/africa/mp.json index 06463dcb..e53888e7 100644 --- a/africa/mp.json +++ b/africa/mp.json @@ -1085,7 +1085,7 @@ "text": "approximately 1,700 Special Mobile Force; approximately 800 National Coast Guard (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the MPF's inventory is comprised of mostly second-hand equipment from France, Germany, India, and the UK (2021)" + "text": "the MPF's inventory is comprised of mostly second-hand equipment from Western European countries and India; since 2010, India has been the primary supplier (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "service is voluntary (2021)" diff --git a/africa/mr.json b/africa/mr.json index 2cc2caf9..e6285080 100644 --- a/africa/mr.json +++ b/africa/mr.json @@ -1178,7 +1178,7 @@ "text": "approximately 16,000 active personnel (15,000 Army; 700 Navy; 300 Air Force); est. 3,000 Gendarmerie; est. 2,000 National Guard (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Mauritanian Armed Forces' inventory is limited and made up largely of older French and Soviet-era equipment; since 2010, Mauritania has received a limited amount of mostly secondhand military equipment from a variety of suppliers, including Brazil, China, France, and Turkey (2021)" + "text": "the Mauritanian Armed Forces' inventory is limited and made up largely of older French and Soviet-era equipment; since 2010, Mauritania has received a limited amount of mostly secondhand military equipment from a variety of suppliers, with China as the leading provider (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2021)" diff --git a/africa/ng.json b/africa/ng.json index 3b1b3f2e..98bd7fef 100644 --- a/africa/ng.json +++ b/africa/ng.json @@ -1175,7 +1175,7 @@ "text": "information varies; approximately 10,000 active troops (est. 6,000 Army; 200 Air Force; 4,000 Gendarmerie); est. 3,000 National Guard (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the FAN's inventory consists of a wide variety of older weapons; since 2010, the FAN has received small amounts of mostly second-hand equipment and donations from China, France, South Africa, Sweden, Ukraine, and the US (2021)" + "text": "the FAN's inventory consists of a wide variety of older weapons; since 2010, the FAN has received small amounts of mostly second-hand equipment and donations from several countries with the US as the top provider (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "has conscription, although it is reportedly not always enforced; 18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory or voluntary military service; enlistees must be Nigerien citizens and unmarried; 2-year service term; women may serve in health care (2021)" diff --git a/africa/ni.json b/africa/ni.json index 0261a028..49ea86a0 100644 --- a/africa/ni.json +++ b/africa/ni.json @@ -1258,7 +1258,7 @@ "text": "73,542 (Cameroon) (2022)" }, "IDPs": { - "text": "3,184,058 (northeast Nigeria; Boko Haram attacks and counterinsurgency efforts in northern Nigeria; communal violence between Christians and Muslims in the middle belt region, political violence; flooding; forced evictions; cattle rustling; competition for resources) (2021)" + "text": "3,030,544 (northeast Nigeria; Boko Haram attacks and counterinsurgency efforts in northern Nigeria; communal violence between Christians and Muslims in the middle belt region, political violence; flooding; forced evictions; cattle rustling; competition for resources) (2022)" } }, "Trafficking in persons": { diff --git a/africa/rw.json b/africa/rw.json index 86d2e04b..a25b5ad0 100644 --- a/africa/rw.json +++ b/africa/rw.json @@ -1135,7 +1135,7 @@ "text": "the Rwanda Defense Force (RDF) has approximately 33,000 active personnel (32,000 Army; 1,000 Air Force) (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the RDF's inventory includes mostly Soviet-era and older Western - largely French and South African - equipment; Rwanda has received a limited supply of imports since 2010 from a variety of countries, including China, Israel, Russia, and Turkey (2021)" + "text": "the RDF's inventory includes mostly Russian, Soviet-era, and older Western - largely French and South African - equipment; since 2010, Russia has been the top supplier (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service (men and women); no conscription; Rwandan citizenship is required; enlistment is either as contract (5-years, renewable twice) or career (2021)" @@ -1149,7 +1149,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "

Burundi and Rwanda dispute two sq km (0.8 sq mi) of Sabanerwa, a farmed area in the Rukurazi Valley where the Akanyaru/Kanyaru River shifted its course southward after heavy rains in 1965; fighting among ethnic groups - loosely associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces in Great Lakes region transcending the boundaries of Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DROC), Rwanda, and Uganda - abated substantially from a decade ago due largely to UN peacekeeping, international mediation, and efforts by local governments to create civil societies; nonetheless, 57,000 Rwandan refugees still reside in 21 African states, including Zambia, Gabon, and 20,000 who fled to Burundi in 2005 and 2006 to escape drought and recriminations from traditional courts investigating the 1994 massacres; the 2005 DROC and Rwanda border verification mechanism to stem rebel actions on both sides of the border remains in place

" + "text": "

Rwanda-Burundi: Burundi's Ngozi province and Rwanda's Butare province dispute the two-kilometer-square hilly farmed area of Sabanerwa in the Rukurazi Valley where the Akanyaru/Kanyaru River shifted its course southward after heavy rains in 1965 around Kibinga Hill in Rwanda's Butare Province

Rwanda-Democratic Republic of Congo (DROC): the 2005 DROC and Rwanda border verification mechanism to stem rebel actions on both sides of the border remains in place

Rwanda-Uganda: a joint technical committee established in 2007 to demarcate sections of the border


" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/africa/sg.json b/africa/sg.json index c4b5389a..87a51c34 100644 --- a/africa/sg.json +++ b/africa/sg.json @@ -1181,7 +1181,7 @@ "text": "approximately 19,000 active personnel (12,000 Army; 1,000 Navy/Coast Guard; 1,000 Air Force; 5,000 National Gendarmerie) (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the FAS inventory includes mostly older or second-hand equipment from a variety of countries, including France, South Africa, and Russia/former Soviet Union; in recent years, the FAS has undertaken a modernization program; since 2010, it has received newer equipment from nearly 15 countries, with China, France, and Israel as the leading suppliers (2021)" + "text": "the FAS inventory includes mostly older or second-hand equipment from a variety of countries, including France, South Africa, and Russia/former Soviet Union; in recent years, the FAS has undertaken a modernization program; since 2010, it has received newer equipment from nearly 15 countries, with France as the leading supplier (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service (men and women); 20 years of age for selective conscript service; 2-year service obligation; women have been accepted into military service since 2008 (2021)" diff --git a/africa/su.json b/africa/su.json index 6bd9ea91..17e651e3 100644 --- a/africa/su.json +++ b/africa/su.json @@ -1206,7 +1206,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "798,056 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 127,959 (Eritrea) (refugees and asylum seekers), 93,482 (Syria) (refugees and asylum seekers), 72,406 (Ethiopia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 27,619 (Central African Republic) (2022)" + "text": "799,911 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 127,959 (Eritrea) (refugees and asylum seekers), 93,482 (Syria) (refugees and asylum seekers), 72,406 (Ethiopia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 27,867 (Central African Republic) (2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "2,276,000 (civil war 1983-2005; ongoing conflict in Darfur region; government and rebel fighting along South Sudan border; inter-tribal clashes) (2020)" diff --git a/africa/to.json b/africa/to.json index cd6cfbf9..bba595fc 100644 --- a/africa/to.json +++ b/africa/to.json @@ -1163,7 +1163,7 @@ "text": "approximately 9,000 personnel, including about 8,000 Army (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the FAT's small inventory is a mix of older equipment from a variety of countries, including Brazil, France, Germany, Russia/former Soviet Union, the UK, and the US; since 2010, it has received limited amounts of newer--largely secondhand--equipment; the Navy has received patrol boats from China, France, South Africa, and the US (2021)" + "text": "the FAT's small inventory is a mix of older equipment from a variety of countries, including Brazil, France, Germany, Russia/former Soviet Union, the UK, and the US; since 2010, it has received limited amounts of newer--largely secondhand--equipment, such as patrol boats, from China, France, South Africa, and the US (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for military service; 2-year service obligation; no conscription; women have been able to serve since 2007 (2021)" diff --git a/africa/ts.json b/africa/ts.json index c56f5e6a..65c073ae 100644 --- a/africa/ts.json +++ b/africa/ts.json @@ -548,10 +548,10 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "note: on 25 July 2021, President SAIED indefinitely suspended the Assembly
unicameral Assembly of the Representatives of the People or Majlis Nuwwab ash-Sha'b (Assemblee des representants du peuple) (217 seats; 199 members directly elected in Tunisian multi-seat constituencies and 18 members in multi-seat constituencies living abroad by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" + "text": "note: on 25 July 2021, President SAIED suspended indefinitely  the Assembly
unicameral Assembly of the Representatives of the People or Majlis Nuwwab ash-Sha'b (Assemblee des representants du peuple) (217 seats; 199 members directly elected in Tunisian multi-seat constituencies and 18 members in multi-seat constituencies living abroad by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "initial election held on 6 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2024)" + "text": "initial election held on 6 October 2019 (next to be held in December 2022)" }, "election results": { "text": "percent of vote by party - Ennahda 19.6%, Heart of Tunisia 14.6%, Free Destourian Party 6.6%, Democratic Current 6.4%, Dignity Coalition 5.9%, People's Movement 4.5%, TahyaTounes 4.1%, other 35.4%, independent 2.9%; seats by party -  Ennahda 52, Heart of Tunisia 38, Free Destourian Party 17, Democratic Current 22, Dignity Coalition 21, People's Movement 16, Long Live Tunisia 14, other 25, independent 12; composition (as of October 2021) - men 160, women 57, percent of women 26.3%" diff --git a/africa/ug.json b/africa/ug.json index 7dcaf877..8179e5f7 100644 --- a/africa/ug.json +++ b/africa/ug.json @@ -1171,7 +1171,7 @@ "note": "note - in 2021, the Ugandan Government announced it would recruit another 10,000 Local Defense Units personnel" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the UPDF's inventory is mostly older Russian/Soviet-era equipment with a limited mix of more modern Russian- and Western-origin arms; since 2010, the leading suppliers of arms to the UPDF are Russia and Ukraine (2021)" + "text": "the UPDF's inventory is mostly older Russian/Soviet-era equipment with a limited mix of more modern Russian- and Western-origin arms; since 2010, Russia is the leading supplier of arms to the UPDF (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military duty (men and women); 9-year service obligation (2021)" @@ -1191,7 +1191,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "

Uganda is subject to armed fighting among hostile ethnic groups, rebels, armed gangs, militias, and various government forces that extend across its borders; Ugandan refugees as well as members of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) seek shelter in southern Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Garamba National Park; LRA forces have also attacked Kenyan villages across the border

" + "text": "

Uganda is subject to armed fighting among hostile ethnic groups, rebels, armed gangs, militias, and various government forces that extend across its borders

Uganda-Kenya: Kenya and Uganda have begun a joint demarcation of the boundary in 2021 

Uganda-Rwanda: a joint technical committee established in 2007 to demarcate sections of the border

Uganda-Democratic Republic of Congo(DROC): Uganda rejects the DROC claim to Margherita Peak in the Rwenzori mountains and considers it a boundary divide; there is tension and violence on Lake Albert over prospective oil reserves at the mouth of the Semliki River

Uganda-South Sudan: Government of South Sudan protests Lord's Resistance Army operations in western Equatorial State, displacing and driving out local populations and stealing grain stores

" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/africa/uv.json b/africa/uv.json index 7f273aed..26844e02 100644 --- a/africa/uv.json +++ b/africa/uv.json @@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ "text": "last held on 22 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2025)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party (preliminary results) - MPP 56, CDP 20, NTD 13, UPC 12" + "text": "percent of vote by party - MPP 34.6%, CDP 13.3%, UPC 10.2%, NTD 5.6%, other 36.3%; seats by party - MPP 56, CDP 20, NTD 13, UPC 12, other 26; composition as of October 2021 - men 119, women 8, percent of women 6.3%" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -1044,10 +1044,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "5.46 million (2021 est.)" + "text": "5.95 million (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "16% (2019 est.)" + "text": "27.3% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { diff --git a/africa/wa.json b/africa/wa.json index 76e34ebe..8a1df622 100644 --- a/africa/wa.json +++ b/africa/wa.json @@ -1189,7 +1189,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "

concerns from international experts and local populations over the Okavango Delta ecology in Botswana and human displacement scuttled Namibian plans to construct a hydroelectric dam on Popa Falls along the Angola-Namibia border; the governments of South Africa and Namibia have not signed or ratified the text of the 1994 Surveyor's General agreement placing the boundary in the middle of the Orange River; Namibia has supported, and in 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections to, plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river

" + "text": "

concerns from international experts and local populations over the Okavango Delta ecology in Botswana and human displacement scuttled Namibian plans to construct a hydroelectric dam on Popa Falls along the Angola-Namibia border; the governments of South Africa and Namibia have not signed or ratified the text of the 1994 Surveyor's General agreement placing the boundary in the middle of the Orange River; Namibia has supported, and in 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections to, plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river

Namibia-Angola: None identified

" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/africa/za.json b/africa/za.json index 38c56d58..7cb65b1c 100644 --- a/africa/za.json +++ b/africa/za.json @@ -1196,7 +1196,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "

in 2004, Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river

" + "text": "

Zambia-Angola: because the straight-line segments along the left bank (Zambian side) of the Cuando/Kwando River do not conform with the physical alignment of the unstable shoreline, Zambian residents in some areas have settled illegally on sections of shoreline that fall on the Angolan side of the boundary

Zambia-Democratic Republic of Congo(DROC): boundary commission continues discussions over Congolese-administered triangle of land on the right bank of the Lunkinda River claimed by Zambia near the DROC village of Pweto

Zambia-Zimbabwe: in 2004, Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river

" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/antarctica/ay.json b/antarctica/ay.json index 024dbb98..4c5b1135 100644 --- a/antarctica/ay.json +++ b/antarctica/ay.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Speculation over the existence of a \"southern land\" was not confirmed until the early 1820s when British and American commercial operators and British and Russian national expeditions began exploring the Antarctic Peninsula region and other areas south of the Antarctic Circle. Not until 1840 was it established that Antarctica was indeed a continent and not merely a group of islands or an area of ocean. Several exploration \"firsts\" were achieved in the early 20th century, but generally the area saw little human activity. Following World War II, however, the continent experienced an upsurge in scientific research. A number of countries have set up a range of year-round and seasonal stations, camps, and refuges to support scientific research in Antarctica. Seven have made territorial claims, but most countries do not recognize these claims. In order to form a legal framework for the activities of nations on the continent, an Antarctic Treaty was negotiated that neither denies nor gives recognition to existing territorial claims; signed in 1959, it entered into force in 1961.  Also relevant to Antarctic governance are the Environmental Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty and the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources." + "text": "Speculation over the existence of a \"southern land\" was not confirmed until the early 1820s when British and American commercial operators and British and Russian national expeditions began exploring the Antarctic Peninsula region and other areas south of the Antarctic Circle. Not until 1840 was it established that Antarctica was indeed a continent and not merely a group of islands or an area of ocean. Several exploration \"firsts\" were achieved in the early 20th century, but generally the area saw little human activity. Following World War II, however, the continent experienced an upsurge in scientific research. A number of countries have set up a range of year-round and seasonal stations, camps, and refuges to support scientific research in Antarctica. Seven have made territorial claims and two maintain the basis for a claim, but most countries do not recognize these claims. In order to form a legal framework for the activities of nations on the continent, an Antarctic Treaty was negotiated that neither denies nor gives recognition to existing territorial claims; signed in 1959, it entered into force in 1961.  Also relevant to Antarctic governance are the Environmental Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty and the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources." } }, "Geography": { @@ -33,10 +33,10 @@ "text": "17,968 km" }, "Maritime claims": { - "text": "Australia, Chile, and Argentina claim Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) rights or similar over 200 nm extensions seaward from their continental claims, but like the claims themselves, these zones are not accepted by other countries; 22 of 29 Antarctic Treaty consultative parties have made no claims to Antarctic territory (although Russia and the US have reserved the right to do so); also see the Disputes - international entry" + "text": "Australia, Chile, and Argentina claim Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) rights or similar over 200 nm extensions seaward from their continental claims, but like the claims themselves, these zones are not accepted by other countries; 22 of 29 Antarctic Treaty consultative parties have made no claims to Antarctic territory, although Russia and the United States have reserved the right to do so, and no country can make a new claim; also see the Disputes - international entry" }, "Climate": { - "text": "the coldest, windiest, and driest continent on Earth; severe low temperatures vary with latitude, elevation, and distance from the ocean; East Antarctica is colder than West Antarctica because of its higher elevation; Antarctic Peninsula has the most moderate climate; higher temperatures occur in January along the coast and average slightly below freezing; summers characterized by continuous daylight, while winters bring continous darkness; persistent high pressure over the interior brings dry, subsiding air that results in very little cloud cover" + "text": "the coldest, windiest, and driest continent on Earth; severe low temperatures vary with latitude, elevation, and distance from the ocean; East Antarctica is colder than West Antarctica because of its higher elevation; Antarctic Peninsula has the most moderate climate; higher temperatures occur in January along the coast and average slightly below freezing; summers characterized by continuous daylight, while winters bring continuous darkness; persistent high pressure over the interior brings dry, subsiding air that results in very little cloud cover" }, "Terrain": { "text": "about 98% thick continental ice sheet and 2% barren rock, with average elevations between 2,000 and 4,000 m; mountain ranges up to nearly 5,000 m; ice-free coastal areas include parts of southern Victoria Land, Wilkes Land, the Antarctic Peninsula area, and parts of Ross Island on McMurdo Sound; glaciers form ice shelves along about half of the coastline, and floating ice shelves constitute 11% of the area of the continent" @@ -65,12 +65,12 @@ "text": "katabatic (gravity-driven) winds blow coastward from the high interior; frequent blizzards form near the foot of the plateau; cyclonic storms form over the ocean and move clockwise along the coast; volcanism on Deception Island and isolated areas of West Antarctica; other seismic activity rare and weak; large icebergs may calve from ice shelf" }, "Geography - note": { - "text": "the coldest, windiest, highest (on average), and driest continent; during summer, more solar radiation reaches the surface at the South Pole than is received at the Equator in an equivalent period

mostly uninhabitable, 98% of the land area is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, the largest single mass of ice on earth covering an area of 14 million sq km (5.4 million sq mi) and containing 26.5 million cu km (6.4 million cu mi) of ice (this is almost 62% of all of the world's fresh water); if all this ice were converted to liquid water, one estimate is that it would be sufficient to raise the height of the world's oceans by 58 m (190 ft)" + "text": "the coldest, windiest, highest (on average), and driest continent; during summer, more solar radiation reaches the surface at the South Pole than is received at the Equator in an equivalent period

mostly uninhabitable, 99% of the land area is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, the largest single mass of ice on earth covering an area of 14 million sq km (5.4 million sq mi) and containing 26.5 million cu km (6.4 million cu mi) of ice (this is almost 62% of all of the world's fresh water); if all this ice were converted to liquid water, one estimate is that it would be sufficient to raise the height of the world's oceans by 58 m (190 ft)" } }, "People and Society": { "Population": { - "text": "no indigenous inhabitants, but there are both permanent and summer-only staffed research stations

note: 53 countries have signed the 1959 Antarctic Treaty; 30 of those operate through their National Antarctic Program a number of seasonal-only (summer) and year-round research stations on the continent and its nearby islands south of 60 degrees south latitude (the region covered by the Antarctic Treaty); the population engaging in and supporting science or managing and protecting the Antarctic region varies from approximately 4,400 in summer to 1,100 in winter; in addition, approximately 1,000 personnel, including ship's crew and scientists doing onboard research, are present in the waters of the treaty region

as of 2017, peak summer (December-February) maximum capacity in scientific stations - 4,877 total; Argentina 601, Australia 243, Belarus 12, Belgium 40, Brazil 66, Bulgaria 22, Chile 433, China 166, Czechia 20, Ecuador 34, Finland 17, France 90, France and Italy jointly 80, Germany 104, India 113, Italy 120, Japan 130, South Korea 130, Netherlands 10, NZ 86, Norway 70, Peru 30, Poland 40, Russia 335, South Africa 80, Spain 98, Sweden 20, Ukraine 24, UK 196, US 1,399, Uruguay 68 (2017)

winter (June-August) maximum capacity in scientific station - 1,036 total; Argentina 221, Australia 52, Brazil 15, Chile 114, China 32, France 24, France and Italy jointly 13, Germany 9, India 48, Japan 40, Netherlands 10, South Korea 25, NZ 11, Norway 7, Poland 16, Russia 125, South Africa 15, Ukraine 12, UK 44, US 215, Uruguay 8 (2017)

research stations operated within the Antarctic Treaty area (south of 60 degrees south latitude) by National Antarctic Programs year-round stations - approximately 40 total; Argentina 6, Australia 3, Brazil 1, Chile 6, China 2, France 1, France and Italy jointly 1, Germany 1, India 2, Japan 1, Netherlands 1, South Korea 2, NZ 1, Norway 1, Poland 1, Russia 5, South Africa 1, Ukraine 1, UK 2, US 3, Uruguay 2 (2017)

a range of seasonal-only (summer) stations, camps, and refuges - Argentina, Australia, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Brazil, Chile, China, Czechia, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, South Korea, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, UK, US, and Uruguay (2017)

in addition, during the austral summer some nations have numerous occupied locations such as tent camps, summer-long temporary facilities, and mobile traverses in support of research" + "text": "no indigenous inhabitants, but there are both year-round and summer-only staffed research stations

note: 54 countries have signed the 1959 Antarctic Treaty; 30 of those operate through their National Antarctic Program a number of seasonal-only (summer) and year-round research stations on the continent and its nearby islands south of 60 degrees south latitude (the region covered by the Antarctic Treaty); the population engaging in and supporting science or managing and protecting the Antarctic region varies from approximately 5,000 in summer to 1,100 in winter; in addition, approximately 1,000 personnel, including ship's crew and scientists doing onboard research, are present in the waters of the treaty region
as of 2017, peak summer (December-February) maximum capacity in scientific stations - 4,877 total; Argentina 601, Australia 243, Belarus 12, Belgium 40, Brazil 66, Bulgaria 22, Chile 433, China 166, Czechia 20, Ecuador 34, Finland 17, France 90, France and Italy jointly 80, Germany 104, India 113, Italy 120, Japan 130, South Korea 130, Netherlands 10, NZ 86, Norway 70, Peru 30, Poland 40, Russia 335, South Africa 80, Spain 98, Sweden 20, Ukraine 24, UK 196, US 1,399, Uruguay 68 (2017)

winter (June-August) maximum capacity in scientific station - 1,036 total; Argentina 221, Australia 52, Brazil 15, Chile 114, China 32, France 24, France and Italy jointly 13, Germany 9, India 48, Japan 40, Netherlands 10, South Korea 25, NZ 11, Norway 7, Poland 16, Russia 125, South Africa 15, Ukraine 12, UK 44, US 215, Uruguay 8 (2017)

research stations operated within the Antarctic Treaty area (south of 60 degrees south latitude) by National Antarctic Programs year-round stations - approximately 40 total; Argentina 6, Australia 3, Brazil 1, Chile 6, China 2, France 1, France and Italy jointly 1, Germany 1, India 2, Japan 1, Netherlands 1, South Korea 2, NZ 1, Norway 1, Poland 1, Russia 5, South Africa 1, Ukraine 1, UK 2, US 3, Uruguay 2 (2017)

a range of seasonal-only (summer) stations, camps, and refuges - Argentina, Australia, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Brazil, Chile, China, Czechia, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, South Korea, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, UK, US, and Uruguay (2017)

in addition, during the austral summer some nations have numerous occupied locations such as tent camps, summer-long temporary facilities, and mobile traverses in support of research" } }, "Environment": { @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ "text": "the discovery of a large Antarctic ozone hole in the earth's stratosphere (the ozone layer) - first announced in 1985 - spurred the signing of the Montreal Protocol in 1987, an international agreement phasing out the use of ozone-depleting chemicals; the ozone layer prevents most harmful wavelengths of ultra-violet (UV) light from passing through the earth's atmosphere; ozone depletion has been shown to harm a variety of Antarctic marine plants and animals (plankton); in 2016, a gradual trend toward \"healing\" of the ozone hole was reported; since the 1990s, satellites have shown accelerating ice loss driven by ocean change; although considerable uncertainty remains, scientists are increasing our understanding and ability to model potential impacts of ice loss" }, "Climate": { - "text": "the coldest, windiest, and driest continent on Earth; severe low temperatures vary with latitude, elevation, and distance from the ocean; East Antarctica is colder than West Antarctica because of its higher elevation; Antarctic Peninsula has the most moderate climate; higher temperatures occur in January along the coast and average slightly below freezing; summers characterized by continuous daylight, while winters bring continous darkness; persistent high pressure over the interior brings dry, subsiding air that results in very little cloud cover" + "text": "the coldest, windiest, and driest continent on Earth; severe low temperatures vary with latitude, elevation, and distance from the ocean; East Antarctica is colder than West Antarctica because of its higher elevation; Antarctic Peninsula has the most moderate climate; higher temperatures occur in January along the coast and average slightly below freezing; summers characterized by continuous daylight, while winters bring continuous darkness; persistent high pressure over the interior brings dry, subsiding air that results in very little cloud cover" }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { @@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ } }, "Government type": { - "text": "

Antarctic Treaty Summary - the Antarctic region is governed by a system known as the Antarctic Treaty system; the system includes: 1. the Antarctic Treaty, signed on 1 December 1959 and entered into force on 23 June 1961, which establishes the legal framework for the management of Antarctica, 2. Measures, Decisions, and Resolutions adopted at Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings, 3. The Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (1972), 4. The Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (1980), and 5. The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (1991); the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings operate by consensus (not by vote) of all consultative parties at annual Treaty meetings; by January 2016, there were 53 treaty member nations: 29 consultative and 24 non-consultative; consultative (decision-making) members include the seven nations that claim portions of Antarctica as national territory (some claims overlap) and 22 non-claimant nations; the US and Russia have reserved the right to make claims; the US does not recognize the claims of others; Antarctica is administered through meetings of the consultative member nations; measures adopted at these meetings are carried out by these member nations (with respect to their own nationals and operations) in accordance with their own national laws; the years in parentheses indicate when a consultative member-nation acceded to the Treaty and when it was accepted as a consultative member, while no date indicates the country was an original 1959 treaty signatory; claimant nations are - Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, NZ, Norway, and the UK; nonclaimant consultative nations are - Belgium, Brazil (1975/1983), Bulgaria (1978/1998), China (1983/1985), Czech Republic (1962/2014), Ecuador (1987/1990), Finland (1984/1989), Germany (1979/1981), India (1983/1983), Italy (1981/1987), Japan, South Korea (1986/1989), Netherlands (1967/1990), Peru (1981/1989), Poland (1961/1977), Russia, South Africa, Spain (1982/1988), Sweden (1984/1988), Ukraine (1992/2004), Uruguay (1980/1985), and the US; non-consultative members, with year of accession in parentheses, are - Austria (1987), Belarus (2006), Canada (1988), Colombia (1989), Cuba (1984), Denmark (1965), Estonia (2001), Greece (1987), Guatemala (1991), Hungary (1984), Iceland (2015), Kazakhstan (2015), North Korea (1987), Malaysia (2011), Monaco (2008), Mongolia (2015), Pakistan (2012), Papua New Guinea (1981), Portugal (2010), Romania (1971), Slovakia (1962/1993), Switzerland (1990), Turkey (1996), and Venezuela (1999); note - Czechoslovakia acceded to the Treaty in 1962 and separated into the Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1993; Article 1 - area to be used for peaceful purposes only; military activity, such as weapons testing, is prohibited, but military personnel and equipment may be used for scientific research or any other peaceful purpose; Article 2 - freedom of scientific investigation and cooperation shall continue; Article 3 - free exchange of information and personnel, cooperation with the UN and other international agencies; Article 4 - does not recognize, dispute, or establish territorial claims and no new claims shall be asserted while the treaty is in force; Article 5 - prohibits nuclear explosions or disposal of radioactive wastes;Article 6 - includes under the treaty all land and ice shelves south of 60 degrees 00 minutes south and reserves high seas rights; Article 7 - treaty-state observers have free access, including aerial observation, to any area and may inspect all stations, installations, and equipment; advance notice of all expeditions and of the introduction of military personnel must be given; Article 8 - allows for jurisdiction over observers and scientists by their own states; Article 9 - frequent consultative meetings take place among member nations; Article 10 - treaty states will discourage activities by any country in Antarctica that are contrary to the treaty; Article 11 - disputes to be settled peacefully by the parties concerned or, ultimately, by the ICJ; Articles 12, 13, 14 - deal with upholding, interpreting, and amending the treaty among involved nations; other agreements - some 200 measures adopted at treaty consultative meetings and approved by governments; the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty was signed 4 October 1991 and entered into force 14 January 1998; this agreement provides for the protection of the Antarctic environment and includes five annexes that have entered into force: 1) environmental impact assessment, 2) conservation of Antarctic fauna and flora, 3) waste disposal and waste management, 4) prevention of marine pollution, 5) area protection and management; a sixth annex addressing liability arising from environmental emergencies has yet to enter into force; the Protocol prohibits all activities relating to mineral resources except scientific research; a permanent Antarctic Treaty Secretariat was established in 2004 in Buenos Aires, Argentina

" + "text": "

Antarctic Treaty Summary - the Antarctic region is governed by a system known as the Antarctic Treaty system; the system includes: 1. the Antarctic Treaty, signed on 1 December 1959 and entered into force on 23 June 1961, which establishes the legal framework for the management of Antarctica, 2. Measures, Decisions, and Resolutions adopted at Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings, 3. The Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (1972), 4. The Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (1980), and 5. The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (1991); the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings operate by consensus (not by vote) of all consultative parties at annual Treaty meetings; by January 2022, there were 54 treaty member nations: 29 consultative and 25 non-consultative; consultative (decision-making) members include the seven nations that claim portions of Antarctica as national territory (some claims overlap) and 22 non-claimant nations; the US and Russia have reserved the right to make claims; the US does not recognize the claims of others; Antarctica is administered through meetings of the consultative member nations; measures adopted at these meetings are carried out by these member nations (with respect to their own nationals and operations) in accordance with their own national laws; the years in parentheses indicate when a consultative member-nation acceded to the Treaty and when it was accepted as a consultative member, while no date indicates the country was an original 1959 treaty signatory; claimant nations are - Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, NZ, Norway, and the UK; nonclaimant consultative nations are - Belgium, Brazil (1975/1983), Bulgaria (1978/1998), China (1983/1985), Czech Republic (1962/2014), Ecuador (1987/1990), Finland (1984/1989), Germany (1979/1981), India (1983/1983), Italy (1981/1987), Japan, South Korea (1986/1989), Netherlands (1967/1990), Peru (1981/1989), Poland (1961/1977), Russia, South Africa, Spain (1982/1988), Sweden (1984/1988), Ukraine (1992/2004), Uruguay (1980/1985), and the US; non-consultative members, with year of accession in parentheses, are - Austria (1987), Belarus (2006), Canada (1988), Colombia (1989), Cuba (1984), Denmark (1965), Estonia (2001), Greece (1987), Guatemala (1991), Hungary (1984), Iceland (2015), Kazakhstan (2015), North Korea (1987), Malaysia (2011), Monaco (2008), Mongolia (2015), Pakistan (2012), Papua New Guinea (1981), Portugal (2010), Romania (1971), Slovakia (1962/1993), Slovenia (2019), Switzerland (1990), Turkey (1996), and Venezuela (1999); note - Czechoslovakia acceded to the Treaty in 1962 and separated into the Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1993; Article 1 - area to be used for peaceful purposes only; military activity, such as weapons testing, is prohibited, but military personnel and equipment may be used for scientific research or any other peaceful purpose; Article 2 - freedom of scientific investigation and cooperation shall continue; Article 3 - free exchange of information and personnel, cooperation with the UN and other international agencies; Article 4 - does not recognize, dispute, or establish territorial claims and no new claims shall be asserted while the treaty is in force; Article 5 - prohibits nuclear explosions or disposal of radioactive wastes;Article 6 - includes under the treaty all land and ice shelves south of 60 degrees 00 minutes south and reserves high seas rights; Article 7 - treaty-state observers have free access, including aerial observation, to any area and may inspect all stations, installations, and equipment; advance notice of all expeditions and of the introduction of military personnel must be given; Article 8 - allows for jurisdiction over observers and scientists by their own states; Article 9 - frequent consultative meetings take place among member nations; Article 10 - treaty states will discourage activities by any country in Antarctica that are contrary to the treaty; Article 11 - disputes to be settled peacefully by the parties concerned or, ultimately, by the ICJ; Articles 12, 13, 14 - deal with upholding, interpreting, and amending the treaty among involved nations; other agreements - some 200 measures adopted at treaty consultative meetings and approved by governments; the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty was signed 4 October 1991 and entered into force 14 January 1998; this agreement provides for the protection of the Antarctic environment and includes five annexes that have entered into force: 1) environmental impact assessment, 2) conservation of Antarctic fauna and flora, 3) waste disposal and waste management, 4) prevention of marine pollution, 5) area protection and management; a sixth annex addressing liability arising from environmental emergencies has yet to enter into force; the Protocol prohibits all activities relating to mineral resources except scientific research; a permanent Antarctic Treaty Secretariat was established in 2004 in Buenos Aires, Argentina

" }, "Legal system": { "text": "Antarctica is administered through annual meetings - known as Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings - which include consultative member nations, non-consultative member nations, observer organizations, and expert organizations; decisions from these meetings are carried out by these member nations (with respect to their own nationals and operations) in accordance with their own national laws; more generally, the Antarctic Treaty area, that is to all areas between 60 and 90 degrees south latitude, is subject to a number of relevant legal instruments and procedures adopted by the states party to the Antarctic Treaty; note - US law, including certain criminal offenses by or against US nationals, such as murder, may apply extraterritoriality; some US laws directly apply to Antarctica; for example, the Antarctic Conservation Act, 16 U.S.C. section 2401 et seq., provides civil and criminal penalties for the following activities unless authorized by regulation or statute: the taking of native mammals or birds; the introduction of nonindigenous plants and animals; entry into specially protected areas; the discharge or disposal of pollutants; and the importation into the US of certain items from Antarctica; violation of the Antarctic Conservation Act carries penalties of up to $10,000 in fines and one year in prison; the National Science Foundation and Department of Justice share enforcement responsibilities; Public Law 95-541, the US Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978, as amended in 1996, requires expeditions from the US to Antarctica to notify, in advance, the Office of Oceans and Polar Affairs, Room 2665, Department of State, Washington, DC 20520, which reports such plans to other nations as required by the Antarctic Treaty; for more information, contact antarctica@state.gov" @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ }, "Economy": { "Economic overview": { - "text": "

Scientific undertakings rather than commercial pursuits are the predominant human activity in Antarctica. Offshore fishing and tourism, both based abroad, account for Antarctica's limited economic activity.

Antarctic Fisheries, within the area covered by the Convention on Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources currently target Patagonian toothfish, Antarctic toothfish, mackerel icefish and Antarctic krill. The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) manages these fisheries using the ecosystem-based and precautionary approach.  The Commission’s objective is conservation of Antarctic marine living resources and it regulates the fisheries based on the level of information available, and maintaining existing ecological relationships.  While Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing has declined in the Convention area since 1990, it remains a concern

A total of 51,707  tourists visited the Antarctic Treaty area in the 2017-2018  Antarctic summer, 17 percent greater than the 43,915 visitors in 2016-2017. These estimates were provided to the Antarctic Treaty by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators and do not include passengers on overflights. Nearly all of the tourists were passengers on commercial ships and several yachts that make trips during the summer.

" + "text": "

Scientific undertakings rather than commercial pursuits are the predominant human activity in Antarctica. Offshore fishing and tourism, both based abroad, account for Antarctica's limited economic activity.

Antarctic Fisheries, within the area covered by the Convention on Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources currently target Patagonian toothfish, Antarctic toothfish, mackerel icefish and Antarctic krill. The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) manages these fisheries using the ecosystem-based and precautionary approach.  The Commission’s objective is conservation of Antarctic marine living resources and it regulates the fisheries based on the level of information available, and maintaining existing ecological relationships.  While Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing has declined in the Convention area since 1990, it remains a concern

A total of 73,670 tourists visited the Antarctic Treaty area in the 2019-2020 Antarctic summer, 32 percent greater than the 55,489 visitors in 2018-2019. These estimates were provided to the Antarctic Treaty by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators and do not include passengers on overflights. Nearly all of the tourists were passengers on commercial ships and several yachts that make trips during the summer.

" } }, "Energy": { @@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ "text": "most coastal stations have sparse and intermittent offshore anchorages; a few stations have basic wharf facilities" }, "Transportation - note": { - "text": "US coastal stations include McMurdo (77 51 S, 166 40 E) and Palmer (64 43 S, 64 03 W); government use only; all ships at port are subject to inspection in accordance with Article 7, Antarctic Treaty; relevant legal instruments and authorization procedures adopted by the states parties to the Antarctic Treaty regulating the Antarctic Treaty area have to be complied with (see \"Legal System\"); The Hydrographic Commission on Antarctica (HCA), a commission of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), is responsible for hydrographic surveying and nautical charting matters in Antarctic Treaty area; it coordinates and facilitates provision of accurate and appropriate charts and other aids to navigation in support of safety of navigation in region; membership of HCA is open to any IHO Member State whose government has acceded to the Antarctic Treaty and which contributes resources or data to IHO Chart coverage of the area" + "text": "US coastal stations include McMurdo (77 51 S, 166 40 E) and Palmer (64 43 S, 64 03 W); government use only; all ships are subject to inspection in accordance with Article 7, Antarctic Treaty; relevant legal instruments and authorization procedures adopted by the states parties to the Antarctic Treaty regulating the Antarctic Treaty area have to be complied with (see \"Legal System\"); The Hydrographic Commission on Antarctica (HCA), a commission of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), is responsible for hydrographic surveying and nautical charting matters in Antarctic Treaty area; it coordinates and facilitates provision of accurate and appropriate charts and other aids to navigation in support of safety of navigation in region; membership of HCA is open to any IHO Member State whose government has acceded to the Antarctic Treaty and which contributes resources or data to IHO Chart coverage of the area" } }, "Military and Security": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/aq.json b/australia-oceania/aq.json index 43d1d1a9..d86f9365 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/aq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/aq.json @@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ "text": "
Senate - last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2024)
House of Representatives - last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2024)" }, "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independent 18; composition - men 17, women 1; percent of women 5.6%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - NA" + "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independent 18; composition - men 17, women 1; percent of women 5.6%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 20, women 1; percent of women 4.8%; note total Legislature percent of women 5.1%





















5" }, "note": "note: American Samoa elects 1 member by simple majority vote to serve a 2-year term as a delegate to the US House of Representatives; the delegate can vote when serving on a committee and when the House meets as the Committee of the Whole House, but not when legislation is submitted for a “full floor” House vote; election of delegate last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2022); Amata Coleman RADEWAGEN elected delegate; Amata Coleman RADEWAGEN (Republican Party) 83.5%, Oreta CHRICHTON (Democratic Party) 14.4%, Meleagi SUITONU-CHAPMAN (Democratic Party) 2.1%" }, @@ -751,10 +751,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "22,200 (2021 est.)" + "text": "24,100 (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "31.3% (July 2016 est.)" + "text": "43.8% (2022 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/as.json b/australia-oceania/as.json index e93594cc..66bd1387 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/as.json +++ b/australia-oceania/as.json @@ -1025,10 +1025,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "22.82 million (2021 est.)" + "text": "23.6 million (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "86.55% (2019 est.)" + "text": "91% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { @@ -1179,7 +1179,7 @@ "text": "the Australian Defense Force has approximately 59,000 total active troops (29,000 Army; 15,000 Navy; 15,000 Air Force) (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Australian military's inventory includes a mix of domestically-produced and imported Western (mostly US-origin, particularly aircraft) weapons systems; since 2015, the US is the largest supplier of arms; the Australian defense industry produces a variety of land and sea weapons platforms; the defense industry also participates in joint development and production ventures with other Western countries, including the US and Canada (2021)" + "text": "the Australian military's inventory includes a mix of domestically-produced and imported Western weapons systems; since 2015, the US is the largest supplier of arms; the Australian defense industry produces a variety of land and sea weapons platforms; the defense industry also participates in joint development and production ventures with other Western countries, including the US and Canada (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "17 years of age for voluntary military service (with parental consent); no conscription (abolished 1973); women allowed to serve in all roles, including combat arms since 2013 (2021)", @@ -1200,7 +1200,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "

In 2007, Australia and Timor-Leste agreed to a 50-year development zone and revenue sharing arrangement and deferred a maritime boundary; Australia asserts land and maritime claims to Antarctica; Australia's 2004 submission to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf extends its continental margins over 3.37 million square kilometers, expanding its seabed roughly 30 percent beyond its claimed EEZ; all borders between Indonesia and Australia have been agreed upon bilaterally, but a 1997 treaty that would settle the last of their maritime and EEZ boundary has yet to be ratified by Indonesia's legislature; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef; Australia closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing

" + "text": "

Australia-Indonesia (Maritime Boundary): All borders between Indonesia and Australia have been agreed upon bilaterally, but a 1997 treaty that would settle the last of their maritime and EEZ boundary has yet to be ratified by Indonesia's legislature. Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef. Australia closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing.

Australia-Timor-Leste (Maritime Boundary): In 2007, Australia and Timor-Leste agreed to a 50-year development zone and revenue sharing arrangement and deferred a maritime boundary.

" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/at.json b/australia-oceania/at.json index b41f2b4d..bf3992c3 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/at.json +++ b/australia-oceania/at.json @@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "

Australia has closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef

" + "text": "

Australia-Indonesia:  Australia has closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/australia-oceania/nz.json b/australia-oceania/nz.json index 3fb8c3d9..70d9a0fa 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nz.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nz.json @@ -1132,7 +1132,7 @@ "text": "the New Zealand Defense Force (NZDF) has about 9,600 active duty troops (4,700 Army; 2,300 Navy; 2,600 Air Force) (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "NZDF is equipped mostly with imported weapons and equipment from Western suppliers; Australia, France, and the US are the leading suppliers since 2010 (2021)" + "text": "NZDF is equipped mostly with imported weapons and equipment from Western suppliers; the US is the leading provider since 2010 (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "17 years of age for voluntary military service (men and women); soldiers cannot be deployed until the age of 18; no conscription (2021)", diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json index 59ce69d2..da648398 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json @@ -846,10 +846,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "104,000 (2021 est.)" + "text": "104,400 (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "97.17% (2019 est.)" + "text": "97.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json index 81a8b6e0..669a7a30 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json @@ -887,10 +887,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "74,700 (2021 est.)" + "text": "75,300 (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "76% (2019 est.)" + "text": "76% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json index a695c257..66a6e810 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json @@ -695,10 +695,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "12,300 (2021 est.)" + "text": "12,400 (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "81.57% (2019 est.)" + "text": "81.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json index 15de073e..7b20eb33 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json @@ -520,13 +520,13 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (21 seats; members appointed by the president - 12 on the advice of the Prime Minister, 2 on the advice of the opposition leader, and 7 at the discretion of the president)
House of Assembly (30 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)" + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (21 seats - 18 for current term; members appointed by the president - 12 on the advice of the prime minister, 2 on the advice of the opposition leader, and 7 at the discretion of the president)
House of Assembly (30 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - last appointments on 5 June 2018 (next appointments NA)
House of Assembly - last held on 19 January 2022 (next to be held in 2027)" + "text": "
Senate - last appointments on 4 February 2022 (next appointments in February 2027)
House of Assembly - last held on 19 January 2022 (next to be held in January 2027)" }, "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - appointed; composition - men 16, women 5, percent of women 23.8%
House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - BLP 69%, DLP 26.5%, other 4.5%; seats by party - BLP 30; composition - men 24, women 6, percent of women 20%; note - total Parliament percent of women 21.6%" + "text": "
Senate - appointed; composition as of March 2022- men 10, women 8, percent of women 44.4%
House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - BLP 69%, DLP 26.5%, other 4.5%; seats by party - BLP 30; composition as of March 2022 - men 22, women 8, percent of women 26.7%; note - total Parliament percent of women 33.3%" }, "note": "note: tradition dictates that the election is held within 5 years of the last election, but constitutionally it is 5 years from the first seating of Parliament plus a 90-day grace period" }, @@ -962,10 +962,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "235,100 (2021 est.)" + "text": "235,400 (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "81.76% (2019 est.)" + "text": "81.8% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json index d4604a67..51612dcb 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json @@ -457,13 +457,13 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (16 seats; members appointed by the governor general upon the advice of the prime minister and the opposition leader to serve 5-year terms)
House of Assembly (39 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)" + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (16 seats; members appointed by the governor general - 9 selected on the advice of the prime minister, 4 on the advice of  the leader of the opposition party, and 3 on the advice of the prime minister in consultation with the opposition leader; members serve 5-year terms)
House of Assembly (39 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { "text": "
Senate - last appointments on 24 May 2017 (next appointments in 2022)
House of Assembly - last held on 16 September 2021 (next to be held by September 2026)" }, "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - appointed; composition - men 9, women 7, percent of women 43.8%
House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - PLP 52.5%, FNM 36.2%; seats by party - PLP 32, FNM 7; composition " + "text": "
Senate - appointed; composition as of March 2022 - men 12, women 4, percent of women 25%
House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - PLP 52.5%, FNM 36.2%; seats by party - PLP 32, FNM 7; composition as of March 2022 - men 32, women 7, percent of women 18%; note - total Parliament percent of women 20%" }, "note": "note: the government may dissolve the parliament and call elections at any time" }, @@ -900,7 +900,7 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "335,800 (2021 est.)" + "text": "338,900 (2021 est.)" }, "percent of population": { "text": "85% (2019 est.)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json index 04f48e02..a1714e7e 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json @@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ "text": "
Senate -  last appointed 11 November 2020 (next appointments in November 2025)
House of Representatives - last held on 11 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2025)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Senate - all members appointed; composition - men 9, women 5, percent of women 35.7%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PUP 59.6%, UDP 38.8%, other 1.6%; seats by party - PUP 26, UDP 5; composition -  men 27, women 4, percent of women 12.9%; note - total percent of women in the National Assembly 20%" + "text": "Senate - all members appointed; composition as of March 2022 - men 9, women 5, percent of women 35.7%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PUP 59.6%, UDP 38.8%, other 1.6%; seats by party - PUP 26, UDP 5; composition as of March 2022 -  men 27, women 4, percent of women 12.9%; note - total percent of women in the National Assembly 20%" }, "note": " " }, @@ -972,10 +972,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "188,900 (2021 est.)" + "text": "192,400 (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "47.08% (2019 est.)" + "text": "47.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json index 9ac8fc6d..fff590b8 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json @@ -1171,7 +1171,7 @@ "text": "the Honduran Armed Forces (FFAA) have approximately 16,000 active personnel (7,500 Army; 1,500 Navy, including about 1,000 marines; 2,000 Air Force; 5,000 Public Order Military Police); approximately 18,000 National Police (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the FFAA's inventory is comprised of mostly older imported equipment from Israel, the UK, and the US; since 2010, Honduras has received limited amounts of military equipment from several countries, including Colombia, Israel, Netherlands, Taiwan, and the US (2021)" + "text": "the FFAA's inventory is comprised of mostly older imported equipment from Israel, the UK, and the US; since 2010, Honduras has received limited amounts of military equipment from several countries, including Colombia, Israel, and the Netherlands (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for voluntary 2- to 3-year military service (men and women); no conscription (2021)", diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json index 07166397..ded6ab0e 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json @@ -1096,7 +1096,7 @@ "text": "information varies; approximately 4,000 total active personnel (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Jamaica Defense Force is lightly armed with a limited inventory featuring mostly older equipment imported from a variety of foreign suppliers, primarily the UK and US  (2021)" + "text": "the Jamaica Defense Force is lightly armed with a limited inventory featuring equipment mostly from Europe and the US (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "no conscription; 18-23 for voluntary military service (17 with parental consent; 18-28 for the reserves); since 2017, the JDF's standard mode of recruitment is to enroll recruits ages 18-23 through the Jamaica National Service Corps (JNSC); in the JNSC, soldiers receive basic military, vocational, and life skills training; upon completion of 1-year of service, soldiers can continue on with the JDF or seek other opportunities with law enforcement (2021)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json index 3dd088ec..1916c1b4 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json @@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ "text": "last held on 25 February 2019 (next to be held in 2023)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - VIP 46.5%, NDP 28.2%, PVIM 17.4%, PU 8%; seats by party - VIP 8, NDP 3, PVIM 1, PU 1; composition - men 12, women 3, percent of women 20%" + "text": "percent of vote by party - VIP 46.5%, NDP 28.2%, PVIM 17.4%, PU 8%; seats by party - VIP 8, NDP 3, PVIM 1, PU 1; composition as of March 2022 - men 11, women 4, percent of women 26.7%" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -744,10 +744,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "23,600 (2021 est.)" + "text": "23,700 (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "77.7% (2019 est.)" + "text": "77.7% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { diff --git a/central-asia/rs.json b/central-asia/rs.json index ab33119e..8de008f8 100644 --- a/central-asia/rs.json +++ b/central-asia/rs.json @@ -1253,8 +1253,8 @@ "note": "note(s) - as of 2021, conscripts reportedly comprised about 30% of the Russian military's active duty personnel; in April of 2019, the Russian Government pledged its intent to end conscription as part of a decade-long effort to shift from a large, conscript-based military to a smaller, more professional force; as of 2020, women made up about 5% of the active duty military" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "information varies; est. 3,000-5,000 Armenia; est. 1,500 Belarus; est. 7,000-10,000 Georgia; est. 100 Central African Republic; est. 500 Kyrgyzstan; est. 1,500-2,000 Moldova (Transnistria); est. 3,000-5,000 Syria; est. 5,000-7,000 Tajikistan; est. 30,000 Ukraine (including Crimea) (2021)", - "note": "note(s) - since November 2020, Russia has deployed about 2,000 peacekeeping troops to the area in and around Nagorno-Karabakh as part of a truce agreement between Armenia and Azerbaijan; fighting erupted between the two countries over the Nagorno-Karabakh region in September of 2020

as of late 2021, Russia was assessed to have deployed a considerable number of private military contractors to the Central African Republic (1-2,000), Libya (1-2,000), and Mali (more than 400)" + "text": "information varies; est. 3,000-5,000 Armenia; est. 1,500 Belarus; est. 7,000-10,000 Georgia; est. 100 Central African Republic; est. 500 Kyrgyzstan; est. 1,500-2,000 Moldova (Transnistria); est. 3,000-5,000 Syria; est. 5,000-7,000 Tajikistan (2021)", + "note": "note(s) - in 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine with nearly 200,000 troops; prior to the invasion, it maintained an estimated 30,000 troops in areas of Ukraine occupied since 2014

--since November 2020, Russia has deployed about 2,000 peacekeeping troops to the area in and around Nagorno-Karabakh as part of a truce agreement between Armenia and Azerbaijan; fighting erupted between the two countries over the Nagorno-Karabakh region in September of 2020

--as of late 2021, Russia was assessed to have deployed 3,000-5,000 private military contractors to conduct security operations in Africa, including in the Central African Republic, Libya, and Mali" }, "Military - note": { "text": "as of 2022, Russian military forces continued to conduct active combat operations in Syria; Russia intervened in the Syrian civil war at the request of the ASAD government in September 2015; Russian assistance included air support, special operations forces, military advisors, private military contractors, training, arms, and equipment

Russia is the leading member of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and contributes approximately 8,000 troops to CSTO's rapid reaction force (2021)" @@ -1272,7 +1272,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "142,994 (Ukraine) (2022)" + "text": "271,254 (Ukraine) (2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "56,960 (mid-year 2021); note - Russia's stateless population consists of Roma, Meskhetian Turks, and ex-Soviet citizens from the former republics; between 2003 and 2010 more than 600,000 stateless people were naturalized; most Meskhetian Turks, followers of Islam with origins in Georgia, fled or were evacuated from Uzbekistan after a 1989 pogrom and have lived in Russia for more than the required five-year residency period; they continue to be denied registration for citizenship and basic rights by local Krasnodar Krai authorities on the grounds that they are temporary illegal migrants" diff --git a/central-asia/tx.json b/central-asia/tx.json index 69d1e289..a35bad37 100644 --- a/central-asia/tx.json +++ b/central-asia/tx.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Present-day Turkmenistan covers territory that has been at the crossroads of civilizations for centuries. The area was ruled in antiquity by various Persian empires, and was conquered by Alexander the Great, Muslim armies, the Mongols, Turkic warriors, and eventually the Russians. In medieval times, Merv (located in present-day Mary province) was one of the great cities of the Islamic world and an important stop on the Silk Road. Annexed by Russia in the late 1800s, Turkmen territories later figured prominently in the anti-Bolshevik resistance in Central Asia. In 1924, Turkmenistan became a Soviet republic; it achieved independence upon the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. President for Life Saparmyrat NYYAZOW died in December 2006, and Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW, a deputy chairman under NYYAZOW, emerged as the country's new president. BERDIMUHAMEDOW won Turkmenistan's first multi-candidate presidential election in February 2007, and again in 2012 and in 2017 with over 97% of the vote in both instances, in elections widely regarded as undemocratic.

Turkmenistan has sought new export markets for its extensive hydrocarbon/natural gas reserves, which have yet to be fully exploited. As of late 2021, Turkmenistan exported the majority of its gas to China and smaller levels of gas to Russia. Turkmenistan's reliance on gas exports has made the economy vulnerable to fluctuations in the global energy market, and economic hardships since the drop in energy prices in 2014 have led many Turkmenistanis to emigrate, mostly to Turkey." + "text": "Present-day Turkmenistan covers territory that has been at the crossroads of civilizations for centuries. The area was ruled in antiquity by various Persian empires, and was conquered by Alexander the Great, Muslim armies, the Mongols, Turkic warriors, and eventually the Russians. In medieval times, Merv (located in present-day Mary province) was one of the great cities of the Islamic world and an important stop on the Silk Road. Annexed by Russia in the late 1800s, Turkmen territories later figured prominently in the anti-Bolshevik resistance in Central Asia. In 1924, Turkmenistan became a Soviet republic; it achieved independence upon the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. President for Life Saparmyrat NYYAZOW died in December 2006, and Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW, a deputy chairman under NYYAZOW, emerged as the country's new president. BERDIMUHAMEDOW won Turkmenistan's first multi-candidate presidential election in February 2007, and again in 2012 and in 2017 with over 97% of the vote in both instances, in elections widely regarded as undemocratic. He announced his retirement in February 2022, but arranged for his son, Serdar BERDIMUHAMEDOW, to succeed him in a March 2022 presidential election.

Turkmenistan has sought new export markets for its extensive hydrocarbon/natural gas reserves, which have yet to be fully exploited. As of late 2021, Turkmenistan exported the majority of its gas to China and smaller levels of gas to Russia. Turkmenistan's reliance on gas exports has made the economy vulnerable to fluctuations in the global energy market, and economic hardships since the drop in energy prices in 2014 have led many Turkmenistanis to emigrate, mostly to Turkey." } }, "Geography": { @@ -527,10 +527,10 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW (since 14 February 2007); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" + "text": "President Serdar BERDIMUHAMEDOW (since 19 March 2022); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" }, "head of government": { - "text": "President Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW (since 14 February 2007)" + "text": "President Serdar BERDIMUHAMEDOW (since 19 March 2022)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president" @@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 7-year term (no term limits); election last held on 12 March 2022 (next to be held in 2029); note - on 11 February 2022, President Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW announced his intent to retire setting up the early presidential election" }, "election results": { - "text": "2022: Serdar BERDIMUHAMEDOW elected president; percent of vote - Serdar BERDIMUHAMEDOW 73.0%,  Khydyr NUNNAYEV 11.1%, Agadzhan BEKMYRADOV 7.2%, other 8.7%; note - Serdar BERDIMUHAMEDOW is the son of Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW; the date of his inauguration has not been announced

2017: Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW (DPT) 97.7%, other 2.3%

2012: Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW reelected president; percent of vote - Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW 97.1%, Annageldi YAZMYRADOW 1.1%, other candidates 1.8%" + "text": "2022: Serdar BERDIMUHAMEDOW elected president; percent of vote - Serdar BERDIMUHAMEDOW 73.0%,  Khydyr NUNNAYEV 11.1%, Agadzhan BEKMYRADOV 7.2%, other 8.7%; note - Serdar BERDIMUHAMEDOW is the son of previous president Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW

2017: Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW (DPT) 97.7%, other 2.3%

2012: Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW reelected president; percent of vote - Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW 97.1%, Annageldi YAZMYRADOW 1.1%, other candidates 1.8%" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -1102,7 +1102,7 @@ "text": "information varies; estimated 30,000 active troops (est. 25,000 National Army; 1,000 Navy; 4,000 Air and Air Defense Forces) (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the inventory for Turkmenistan's military is comprised almost entirely of older Russian and Soviet-era weapons systems, although in recent years, Turkmenistan has purchased some equipment, including aircraft and air defense systems, from other countries; since 2010, China, Russia, and Turkey are the leading arms suppliers to Turkmenistan (2021)" + "text": "the inventory for Turkmenistan's military is comprised largely of older Russian and Soviet-era weapons systems; since 2010, however, it has attempted to diversify and purchased equipment from more than a dozen countries, with Turkey as the top supplier (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-30 years of age for compulsory male military service; 2-year conscript service obligation (2.5 years for the Navy); 20 years of age for voluntary service (including females); males may enroll in military schools from age 15 (2021)" diff --git a/central-asia/uz.json b/central-asia/uz.json index 5b073475..57970468 100644 --- a/central-asia/uz.json +++ b/central-asia/uz.json @@ -1116,7 +1116,7 @@ "text": "information varies; approximately 60,000 total active troops, including 10-15,000 Air Force (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Uzbek Armed Forces use mainly Soviet-era equipment, although since 2010 they have received weapons and aircraft from a variety of sources, including China, France, Russia, Spain, Turkey, and the US (2021)" + "text": "the Uzbek Armed Forces use mainly Soviet-era equipment; since 2010, Russia has been the leading supplier of arms, followed by China (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory military service; 1-year conscript service obligation for males (conscripts have the option of paying for a shorter service of one month while remaining in the reserves until the age of 27); Uzbek citizens who have completed their service terms in the armed forces have privileges in employment and admission to higher educational institutions (2021)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json index 0d964c07..f5d97c06 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json @@ -1048,10 +1048,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "23.65 million (2021 est.)" + "text": "25.28 million (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "30.68% (2019 est.)" + "text": "45.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { @@ -1197,7 +1197,7 @@ "text": "18-35 years of age (men) and 18-27 years of age (women) for voluntary military service; no conscription (a 2010 law reintroducing conscription has not yet entered into force); 2-year service obligation; male (ages 18-45) and female (ages 18-35) professionals (including doctors, engineers, mechanics) serve up to 3 years; service terms may be stretched to 5 years in an officially declared emergency (2021)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "since the country's founding, the armed forces have been heavily involved in domestic politics, running the country for five decades following a military coup in 1962; prior to the 2021 coup, the military already controlled three key security ministries (Defense, Border, and Home Affairs), one of two vice presidential appointments, 25% of the parliamentary seats, and had a proxy political party, the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP)

as of 2021, the military owned and operated two business conglomerates that had over 100 subsidiaries and close ties to other companies; the business activities of these conglomerates included banking and insurance, hotels, tourism, jade and ruby mining, timber, construction, real estate, and the production of palm oil, sugar, soap, cement, beverages, drinking water, coal, and gas; some of the companies supplied goods and services to the military, such as food, clothing, insurance, and cellphone service; the military also managed a film industry, publishing houses, and television stations

as of 2021, the military's primary operational focus was internal security, particularly attempts to quell civilian armed resistance to the coup and counterinsurgency operations against ethnic-based insurgent groups; these operations have resulted in numerous civilian casualties, human rights abuses, and internal displacement

as of 2021, there were approximately 20 ethnic-based armed groups operating in Burma with strengths of a few hundred up to more than 20,000 estimated fighters; they reportedly controlled about one-third of the country’s territory, primarily in the border regions; key groups included the United Wa State Army, Karen National Union, Kachin Independence Army, Arakan Army, Ta’ang National Liberation Army, and the Myanmar Nationalities Democratic Alliance Army

in 2015, the Burmese Government signed a Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA) with eight mostly small armed groups, including the All Burma Students’ Democratic Front, Arakan Liberation Party, Chin National Front, Democratic Karen Benevolent Army, Karen National Liberation Army-Peace Council, Karen National Union, Pa-O National Liberation Organization, and the Shan State Army-South; seven other groups did not sign the NCA, but have since signed bi-lateral ceasefires with the Burmese Government, including the National Democratic Alliance Army, Shan State Army, New Mon State Army, Karenni Army, National Socialist Council of Nagaland–Khaplang, and the United Wa State Army, which in 2021 was assessed to be the largest and most capable group, with more than 20,000 fighters; others, including the Arakan Army (Chin, Kachin, Rakhine, Shan states), Kachin Independence Army (Kachin state), Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (Shan state), Shanni Nationalities Army (Kachin state), and Taang National Liberation Army (Shan state) continued to engage in active insurgent operations against the Burmese Government in 2021; in March 2021, the Karen National Union resumed fighting with the Burmese military

as of 2021, Burma also had a large number (estimates run into the thousands) of armed militias which took many different forms and varied in allegiances and size; most were pro-government and associated with the Tatmadaw; some were integrated within the Tatmadaw’s command structure as Border Guard Forces (BGF); the BGF were organized as 325-man battalions, which included a mix of militia forces, ethnic armed groups, and government soldiers; they were armed, supplied, and paid by the Tatmadaw; other pro-government militias were not integrated within the Tatmadaw command structure, but received direction from the military and were recognized as government militias; the amount of support they received from the Tatmadaw varied depending on local security conditions; the third type of pro-government militias were small community-based units that were armed, coordinated, and trained by local Tatmadaw forces and activated as needed; anti-government militias were typically associated with ethnic-based armed organizations



 

" + "text": "since the country's founding, the armed forces have been heavily involved in domestic politics, running the country for five decades following a military coup in 1962; prior to the 2021 coup, the military already controlled three key security ministries (Defense, Border, and Home Affairs), one of two vice presidential appointments, 25% of the parliamentary seats, and had a proxy political party, the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP)

as of 2021, the military owned and operated two business conglomerates that had over 100 subsidiaries and close ties to other companies; the business activities of these conglomerates included banking and insurance, hotels, tourism, jade and ruby mining, timber, construction, real estate, and the production of palm oil, sugar, soap, cement, beverages, drinking water, coal, and gas; some of the companies supplied goods and services to the military, such as food, clothing, insurance, and cellphone service; the military also managed a film industry, publishing houses, and television stations

as of 2021, the military's primary operational focus was internal security, particularly attempts to quell civilian armed resistance to the coup and counterinsurgency operations against ethnic-based insurgent groups; these operations have resulted in numerous civilian casualties, human rights abuses, and internal displacement

as of 2021, there were approximately 20 ethnic-based armed groups operating in Burma with strengths of a few hundred up to more than 20,000 estimated fighters; they reportedly controlled about one-third of the country’s territory, primarily in the border regions; key groups included the United Wa State Army, Karen National Union, Kachin Independence Army, Arakan Army, Ta’ang National Liberation Army, and the Myanmar Nationalities Democratic Alliance Army

in 2015, the Burmese Government signed a Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA) with eight mostly small armed groups, including the All Burma Students’ Democratic Front, Arakan Liberation Party, Chin National Front, Democratic Karen Benevolent Army, Karen National Liberation Army-Peace Council, Karen National Union, Pa-O National Liberation Organization, and the Shan State Army-South; seven other groups did not sign the NCA, but have since signed bi-lateral ceasefires with the Burmese Government, including the National Democratic Alliance Army, Shan State Army, New Mon State Army, Karenni Army, National Socialist Council of Nagaland–Khaplang, and the United Wa State Army, which in 2021 was assessed to be the largest and most capable group, with more than 20,000 fighters; others, including the Arakan Army (Chin, Kachin, Rakhine, Shan states), Kachin Independence Army (Kachin state), Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (Shan state), Shanni Nationalities Army (Kachin state), and Taang National Liberation Army (Shan state) continued to engage in active insurgent operations against the Burmese Government in 2021; in March 2021, the Karen National Union resumed fighting with the Burmese military

as of 2021, Burma also had a large number (estimates run into the thousands) of armed militias which took many different forms and varied in allegiances and size; most were pro-government and associated with the Tatmadaw; some were integrated within the Tatmadaw’s command structure as Border Guard Forces (BGF); the BGF were organized as 325-man battalions, which included a mix of militia forces, ethnic armed groups, and government soldiers; they were armed, supplied, and paid by the Tatmadaw; other pro-government militias were not integrated within the Tatmadaw command structure, but received direction from the military and were recognized as government militias; the amount of support they received from the Tatmadaw varied depending on local security conditions; the third type of pro-government militias were small community-based units that were armed, coordinated, and trained by local Tatmadaw forces and activated as needed; anti-government militias were typically associated with ethnic-based armed organizations

" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json index 74a4aeac..7c121211 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json @@ -949,10 +949,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "417,500 (2021 est.)" + "text": "421,300 (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "95% (2019 est.)" + "text": "95% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { @@ -1060,7 +1060,7 @@ "text": "approximately 6,500 total active troops (4,500 Army; 1,000 Navy; 1,000 Air Force) (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Royal Brunei Armed Forces imports nearly all of its military equipment and weapons systems; suppliers since 2010 include France, Germany, Singapore, Sweden, and the US (2021)" + "text": "the Royal Brunei Armed Forces imports nearly all of its military equipment and weapons systems; suppliers since 2010 include the US and several European countries with Germany as the leading provider (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "17 years of age for voluntary military service; non-Malays are ineligible to serve; recruits from the army, navy, and air force all undergo 43-week initial training (2021)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json index cae14f99..720e585c 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json @@ -1181,7 +1181,7 @@ "text": "information varies; approximately 100,000 total active troops including about 3,000 Navy and 1,000 Air Force; est. 10,000 Gendarmerie (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces are armed largely with older Chinese and Russian-origin equipment; it has received limited amounts of more modern (mostly second-hand) equipment since 2010 with China as the principal provider (2021)" + "text": "the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces are armed largely with older Chinese and Russian-origin equipment; since 2010, it has received limited amounts of more modern (mostly second-hand) equipment from a variety of suppliers, led by China and Ukraine (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory and voluntary military service (conscription only selectively enforced since 1993); women may volunteer (2021)", diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json index aa4cd82a..697fc802 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json @@ -1180,7 +1180,7 @@ "text": "approximately 175 Djibouti (2021)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "

Japan was disarmed after its defeat in World War II; shortly after the Korean War began in 1950, US occupation forces in Japan created a 75,000-member lightly armed force called the National Police Reserve; the current Self Defense Force was founded in 1954

in addition to having one of the region’s largest and best equipped militaries, Japan’s alliance with the US (signed in 1951) is one of the cornerstones of the country’s security, as well as a large part of the US security role in Asia; as of 2021, nearly 55,000 US troops and other military assets, including aircraft and naval ships, were stationed in Japan and have exclusive use of more than 80 bases and facilities; in exchange for their use, the US guarantees Japan’s security; the Japanese Government provides about $2 billion per year to offset the cost of stationing US forces in Japan

Japan has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments

" + "text": "

Japan was disarmed after its defeat in World War II; shortly after the Korean War began in 1950, US occupation forces in Japan created a 75,000-member lightly armed force called the National Police Reserve; the current Self Defense Force was founded in 1954

in addition to having one of the region’s largest and best equipped militaries, Japan’s alliance with the US (signed in 1951) is one of the cornerstones of the country’s security, as well as a large part of the US security role in Asia; as of 2021, nearly 55,000 US troops and other military assets, including aircraft and naval ships, were stationed in Japan and have exclusive use of more than 80 bases and facilities; in exchange for their use, the US guarantees Japan’s security; the Japanese Government provides about $2 billion per year to offset the cost of stationing US forces in Japan; in addition, it pays compensation to localities hosting US troops, rent for bases, and costs for new facilities to support the US presence

Japan has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments

" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json index 8a4d06c4..6da2dda9 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json @@ -997,14 +997,15 @@ "text": "widely varied information and assessments; approximately 1.14 million active troops (950,000 Army; 120,000 Air Force; 60,000 Navy; 10,000 Strategic Missile Forces); est. 200,000 internal security forces (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the KPA is equipped with older weapon systems originally acquired from the former Soviet Union, Russia, and China, as well as some domestically-produced equipment; North Korea manufactures copies and provides some upgrades to the older foreign weapon systems; it also produces a diverse array of military hardware, including small arms, munitions, light armored vehicles, tanks, naval vessels and submarines, and advanced weapons systems, such as ballistic missiles; since 2010, there were no publicly-reported transfers of weapons to North Korea (2021)" + "text": "the KPA is equipped with older weapon systems originally acquired from the former Soviet Union, Russia, and China, as well as some domestically-produced equipment; North Korea manufactures copies and provides some upgrades to the older foreign weapon systems; it also produces a diverse array of military hardware, including small arms, munitions, light armored vehicles, tanks, naval vessels and submarines, and advanced weapons systems, such as ballistic missiles (2021)", + "note": "note - since 2006, the UN Security Council has passed nearly a dozen resolutions sanctioning North Korea for developing nuclear weapons and related activities, starting with Resolution 1718 which condemned the North's first nuclear test and placed sanctions on the supply of heavy weaponry (including tanks, armored combat vehicles, large calibre artillery, combat aircraft, attack helicopters, warships, and missiles and missile launchers), missile technology and material, and select luxury goods; additional resolutions have expanded to include all arms, including small arms and light weapons; the United States and other countries have also imposed unilateral sanctions" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "17 years of age for compulsory male and female military service; service obligation 10 years for men, to age 23 for women (reportedly reduced in 2021 to 7-8 years for men and 5 years for women) (2021)", "note": "note(s) - the bulk of the KPA is made up of conscripts; as many as 20 percent of North Korean males between the ages of 16 and 54 are in the military at a given time and possibly up to 30 percent of males between the ages of 18 and 27, not counting the reserves or paramilitary units" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "

in addition to the invasion of South Korea and the subsequent Korean War (1950-53), North Korea from the 1960s to the 1980s launched a considerable number of limited military and subversive actions against South Korea using special forces and terrorist tactics; including aggressive skirmishes along the DMZ, overt attempts to assassinate South Korean leaders, kidnappings, the bombing of an airliner, and a failed effort in 1968 to foment an insurrection and conduct a guerrilla war in the South with more than 100 seaborne commandos; from the 1990s until 2010, the North lost two submarines and a semi-submersible boat attempting to insert infiltrators into the South (1996, 1998) and provoked several engagements in the Northwest Islands area along the disputed Northern Limit Line, including naval skirmishes between patrol boats in 1999 and 2002, the torpedoing and sinking of a South Korean corvette, the Cheonan, in 2010, and the bombardment of a South Korean Marine Corps installation on Yeonpyeong Island, also in 2010; since 2010, further minor incidents continue to occur periodically along the DMZ, where both the KPA and the South Korean military maintain large numbers of troops

the KPA was founded in 1948; Kim Jong Un is the KPA supreme commander, while operational control of the armed forces resides in the General Staff Department (GSD), which reports directly to Kim; the GSD maintains overall control of all military forces and is charged with turning Kim’s directives into operational military orders; the Ministry of National Defense (MND) is responsible for administrative control of the military and external relations with foreign militaries

as of 2021, North Korea’s growing ballistic missile program included close- (CRBM), short- (SRBM), medium- (MRBM), intermediate- (IRBM), and intercontinental- (ICBM) range ballistic missiles; the North received its first ballistic missiles, short-range FROGs (free rocket over ground), from the Soviet Union in the 1960s, but its modern ballistic missile program is generally thought to date back to the mid-1970s when it received a Soviet Scud-class missile, likely from Egypt; the North reverse-engineered the missile and developed an indigenously built version in 1984; it flight-tested its first Scud-based medium-range Nodong missile in 1990, and probably began development of the multi-stage Taepodong missiles around this time as well; the North revealed its first road-mobile ICBM in 2012 and conducted the first test of an ICBM-class system in 2017

 

" + "text": "

in addition to the invasion of South Korea and the subsequent Korean War (1950-53), North Korea from the 1960s to the 1980s launched a considerable number of limited military and subversive actions against South Korea using special forces and terrorist tactics; including aggressive skirmishes along the DMZ, overt attempts to assassinate South Korean leaders, kidnappings, the bombing of an airliner, and a failed effort in 1968 to foment an insurrection and conduct a guerrilla war in the South with more than 100 seaborne commandos; from the 1990s until 2010, the North lost two submarines and a semi-submersible boat attempting to insert infiltrators into the South (1996, 1998) and provoked several engagements in the Northwest Islands area along the disputed Northern Limit Line (NLL), including naval skirmishes between patrol boats in 1999 and 2002, the torpedoing and sinking of a South Korean corvette, the Cheonan, in 2010, and the bombardment of a South Korean Marine Corps installation on Yeonpyeong Island, also in 2010; since 2010, further minor incidents continue to occur periodically along the DMZ, where both the KPA and the South Korean military maintain large numbers of troops

in 2018, North Korea and South Korea signed a tension reduction agreement known as the Comprehensive Military Agreement (CMA), which established land, sea, and air buffer zones along the DMZ and the NLL; implementation of the CMA required the removal of some land mines and guard posts; the efforts led to a reduction of tension in the DMZ, but as of 2021 North Korea had failed to uphold much of its side of the agreement

the KPA was founded in 1948; Kim Jong Un is the KPA supreme commander, while operational control of the armed forces resides in the General Staff Department (GSD), which reports directly to Kim; the GSD maintains overall control of all military forces and is charged with turning Kim’s directives into operational military orders; the Ministry of National Defense (MND) is responsible for administrative control of the military and external relations with foreign militaries

as of 2021, North Korea’s growing ballistic missile program included close- (CRBM), short- (SRBM), medium- (MRBM), intermediate- (IRBM), and intercontinental- (ICBM) range ballistic missiles; the North received its first ballistic missiles, short-range FROGs (free rocket over ground), from the Soviet Union in the 1960s, but its modern ballistic missile program is generally thought to date back to the mid-1970s when it received a Soviet Scud-class missile, likely from Egypt; the North reverse-engineered the missile and developed an indigenously built version in 1984; it flight-tested its first Scud-based medium-range Nodong missile in 1990, and probably began development of the multi-stage Taepodong missiles around this time as well; the North revealed its first road-mobile ICBM in 2012 and conducted the first test of an ICBM-class system in 2017


 

" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json index 2a200a45..69cc3eac 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json @@ -1160,7 +1160,7 @@ "note": "note - South Korea intends to reduce the size of its military to about 522,000 by 2022" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Republic of Korea Armed Forces are equipped with a mix of domestically-produced and imported weapons systems; domestic production includes armored fighting vehicles, artillery, aircraft, and naval ships; the top foreign weapons supplier is the US and some domestically-produced systems are built under US license (2021)" + "text": "the South Korean military is equipped with a mix of domestically-produced and imported weapons systems; South Korea has a robust defense industry and production includes armored fighting vehicles, artillery, aircraft, and naval ships; since 2010, the top foreign weapons supplier is the US and some domestically-produced systems are built under US license (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-28 years of age for compulsory military service; minimum conscript service obligation varies by service- 21 months (Army, Marines), 23 months (Navy), 24 months (Air Force); 18-26 years of age for voluntary military service  (2021)

note(s) - women, in service since 1950, are able to serve in all branches, including as officers, and in 2020 comprised about 7.5% of the active duty military; in 2021, about 330,000 of the military's active personnel were conscripts; South Korea intends to reduce the length of military service to 18 – 22 months by 2022", diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json index b14c6d16..b5467780 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json @@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Brian D. McFeeters (since 26 February 2021)" + "text": "Ambassador Brian D. McFEETERS (since 26 February 2021)" }, "embassy": { "text": "376 Jalan Tun Razak, 50400 Kuala Lumpur" @@ -763,7 +763,7 @@ "text": "oil palm fruit, rice, poultry, eggs, vegetables, rubber, coconuts, bananas, pineapples, pork" }, "Industries": { - "text": "Peninsular Malaysia - rubber and oil palm processing and manufacturing, petroleum and natural gas, light manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, medical technology, electronics and semiconductors, timber processing;Sabah - logging, petroleum and natural gas production;Sarawak - agriculture processing, petroleum and natural gas production, logging" + "text": "Peninsular Malaysia - rubber and oil palm processing and manufacturing, petroleum and natural gas, light manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, medical technology, electronics and semiconductors, timber processing; Sabah - logging, petroleum and natural gas production;Sarawak - agriculture processing, petroleum and natural gas production, logging" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { "text": "5% (2017 est.)" @@ -1184,7 +1184,7 @@ "text": "the Malaysian Armed Forces have approximately 115,000 active duty troops (80,000 Army; 18,000 Navy; 17,000 Air Force) (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Malaysian Armed Forces field a diverse mix of mostly older imported weapons systems; the top suppliers of military hardware since 2010 include France, Germany, Spain, and Turkey (2021)" + "text": "the Malaysian Armed Forces field a diverse mix of mostly older imported weapons systems; since 2010, it has imported military equipment from approximately 20 countries, with Germany and Spain as the leading suppliers (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "17 years 6 months of age for voluntary military service (younger with parental consent and proof of age); mandatory retirement age 60; women serve in the Malaysian Armed Forces; no conscription (2021)", diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json index 11d8012f..4170adba 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json @@ -1123,7 +1123,7 @@ "text": "the Papau New Guinea Defense Force has approximately 3,000 active duty troops, including a land element of about 2,500 (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the PNGDF has a limited inventory consisting of a diverse mix of foreign-supplied weapons and equipment; Papua New Guinea receives most of its military assistance from Australia; since 2010, it has also received equipment from China and New Zealand (2021)" + "text": "the PNGDF has a limited inventory consisting of a diverse mix of foreign-supplied weapons and equipment; Papua New Guinea has received most of its military assistance from Australia (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "16 years of age for voluntary military service (with parental consent); no conscription (2021)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json index 18933139..bb9a1cf1 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json @@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "Tagalog 24.4%, Bisaya/Binisaya 11.4%, Cebuano 9.9%, Ilocano 8.8%, Hiligaynon/Ilonggo 8.4%, Bikol/Bicol 6.8%, Waray 4%, other local ethnicity 26.1%, other foreign ethnicity .1% (2010 est.)" + "text": "Tagalog 24.4%, Bisaya/Binisaya 11.4%, Cebuano 9.9%, Ilocano 8.8%, Hiligaynon/Ilonggo 8.4%, Bikol/Bicol 6.8%, Waray 4%, other local ethnicity 26.1%, other foreign ethnicity 0.1% (2010 est.)" }, "Languages": { "Languages": { @@ -1199,7 +1199,7 @@ "text": "the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) have approximately 120,000 active duty personnel (80,000 Army; 25,000 Navy, including about 9,000 marines; 15,000 Air Force) (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the AFP is equipped with a mix of imported weapons systems, particularly second-hand equipment from the US; since 2014, its top weapons suppliers include Israel, South Korea, and the US (2021)" + "text": "the AFP is equipped with a mix of imported weapons systems, particularly second-hand equipment from the US; since 2014, its top weapons suppliers include South Korea and the US (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-23 years of age (officers 21-29; 21-26 for women officers) for voluntary military service (men and women); no conscription (2021)", diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json index c2ebaf17..70762b97 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json @@ -1122,7 +1122,7 @@ "text": "information varies; approximately 65,000 active duty troops (50,000 Army; 7,000 Navy; 8,000 Air Force) (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the SAF has a diverse and largely modern mix of domestically-produced and imported weapons; Singapore has the most developed arms industry in Southeast Asia and is also the largest importer of weapons; since 2010, the US is the chief supplier of arms to Singapore, followed by a diverse array of countries, including France, Germany, and Spain (2021)" + "text": "the SAF has a diverse and largely modern mix of domestically-produced and imported weapons; since 2010, it has received armaments from about 10 countries with the US as the chief supplier; Singapore has the most developed arms industry in Southeast Asia and is also its largest importer of weapons (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-21 years of age for male compulsory military service; 16 1/2 years of age for voluntary enlistment (with parental consent); 2-year conscript service obligation, with a reserve obligation to age 40 (enlisted) or age 50 (officers); women are not conscripted, but they are allowed to volunteer for all services and branches, including combat arms (2021)", diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json index 8650d690..2947aadd 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json @@ -1010,7 +1010,7 @@ "text": "the Taiwan military has approximately 170,000 active duty troops (90,000 Army; 40,000 Navy, including approximately 10,000 marines; 40,000 Air Force) (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Taiwan military is armed mostly with second-hand weapons and equipment provided by the US; Taiwan also has a domestic defense industry capable of building and upgrading a range of weapons systems, including surface naval craft and submarines (2021)" + "text": "the Taiwan military is armed mostly with second-hand weapons and equipment provided by the US; since 2010, the US continued to be the largest provider of arms; Taiwan also has a domestic defense industry capable of building and upgrading a range of weapons systems, including surface naval craft and submarines (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "starting with those born in 1994, males 18-36 years of age may volunteer for military service or must complete 4 months of compulsory military training (or substitute civil service in some cases); men born before December 1993 are required to complete compulsory service for 1 year (military or civil); men are subject to training recalls up to four times for periods not to exceed 20 days for 8 years after discharge; women may enlist, but are restricted to noncombat roles in most cases; as part of its transition to an all-volunteer military in December 2018, the last cohort of one-year military conscripts completed their service obligations (2021)", diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json index a8a47dc2..8e0db5a0 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json @@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ }, "Religions": { "text": "Catholic 6.1%, Buddhist 5.8%, Protestant 1%, other 0.8%, none 86.3% (2019 est.)", - "note": "note: most Vietnamese are culturally Buddhist" + "note": "note: most Vietnamese are culturally Buddhist" }, "Demographic profile": { "text": "

When Vietnam was reunified in 1975, the country had a youthful age structure and a high fertility rate.  The population growth rate slowed dramatically during the next 25 years, as fertility declined and infant mortality and life expectancy improved.  The country’s adoption of a one-or-two-child policy in 1988 led to increased rates of contraception and abortion.  The total fertility rate dropped rapidly from nearly 5 in 1979 to 2.1 or replacement level in 1990, and at 1.8 is below replacement level today.  Fertility is higher in the more rural central highlands and northern uplands, which are inhabited primarily by poorer ethnic minorities, and is lower among the majority Kinh, ethnic Chinese, and a few other ethnic groups, particularly in urban centers.  With more than two-thirds of the population of working age (15-64), Vietnam has the potential to reap a demographic dividend for approximately three decades (between 2010 and 2040).  However, its ability to do so will depend on improving the quality of education and training for its workforce and creating jobs.  The Vietnamese Government is also considering changes to the country’s population policy because if the country’s fertility rate remains below replacement level, it could lead to a worker shortage in the future.

Vietnam has experienced both internal migration and net emigration, both for humanitarian and economic reasons, for the last several decades.  Internal migration – rural-rural and rural-urban, temporary and permanent – continues to be a means of coping with Vietnam’s extreme weather and flooding.  Although Vietnam’s population is still mainly rural, increasing numbers of young men and women have been drawn to the country’s urban centers where they are more likely to find steady jobs and higher pay in the growing industrial and service sectors.

The aftermath of the Vietnam War in 1975 resulted in an outpouring of approximately 1.6 million Vietnamese refugees over the next two decades.  Between 1975 and 1997, programs such as the Orderly Departure Program and the Comprehensive Plan of Action resettled hundreds of thousands of Vietnamese refugees abroad, including the United States (880,000), China (260,000, mainly ethnic Chinese Hoa), Canada (160,000), Australia (155,000), and European countries (150,000). 

In the 1980s, some Vietnamese students and workers began to migrate to allied communist countries, including the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, and East Germany.  The vast majority returned home following the fall of communism in Eastern Europe in the early 1990s.  Since that time, Vietnamese labor migrants instead started to pursue opportunities in Asia and the Middle East.  They often perform low-skilled jobs under harsh conditions for low pay and are vulnerable to forced labor, including debt bondage to the private brokers who arrange the work contracts.  Despite Vietnam’s current labor surplus, the country has in recent years attracted some foreign workers, mainly from China and other Asian countries." @@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Christopher KLEIN (since 16 April 2021)" + "text": "Ambassador Marc KNAPPER (since 11 February 2022)" }, "embassy": { "text": "7 Lang Ha Street, Hanoi" @@ -1187,7 +1187,7 @@ "text": "information is limited and estimates vary; approximately 470,000 active duty troops (400,000 ground; 40,000 naval; 30,000 air); estimated 40,000 Border Defense Force and Coast Guard (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the PAVN is armed largely with weapons and equipment from Russia and the former Soviet Union; Russia remains the main supplier of newer PAVN military equipment, although in recent years Vietnam has begun diversifying its procurement with purchases from other countries including Belarus, India, Israel, South Korea, and Ukraine; Vietnam has a limited defense industry (2021)" + "text": "the PAVN is armed largely with weapons and equipment from Russia and the former Soviet Union; since 2010, Russia has remained the main supplier of newer PAVN military equipment, although in recent years Vietnam has purchased arms from more than a dozen other countries including Belarus, Israel, South Korea, Ukraine, and the US; Vietnam has a limited defense industry (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service (females eligible for conscription, but in practice only males are drafted); conscription typically takes place twice annually and service obligation is 2 years (Army, Air Defense) and 3 years (Navy and Air Force) (2021)" diff --git a/europe/al.json b/europe/al.json index 20601c0a..25d21ed9 100644 --- a/europe/al.json +++ b/europe/al.json @@ -1017,10 +1017,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "2 million (2021 est.)" + "text": "2.07 million (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "72.24% (2020 est.)" + "text": "72.2% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { @@ -1102,19 +1102,19 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2021": { - "text": "1.44% of GDP (2021)" + "text": "1.4% of GDP (2021)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { "text": "1.3% of GDP (2020)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "1.31% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "0.31% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "1.16% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "1.2% of GDP (2018)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "1.11% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "1.1% of GDP (2017)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/europe/an.json b/europe/an.json index 4ee482d9..83fb0013 100644 --- a/europe/an.json +++ b/europe/an.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

The landlocked Principality of Andorra is one of the smallest states in Europe, nestled high in the Pyrenees between the French and Spanish borders. For 715 years, from 1278 to 1993, Andorrans lived under a unique coprincipality, ruled by French and Spanish leaders (from 1607 onward, the French chief of state and the Bishop of Urgell). In 1993, this feudal system was modified with the introduction of a modern constitution; the co-princes remained as titular heads of state, but the government transformed into a parliamentary democracy.

Andorra has become a popular tourist destination visited by approximately 8 million people each year drawn by the winter sports, summer climate, and duty-free shopping. Andorra has also become a wealthy international commercial center because of its mature banking sector and low taxes. As part of its effort to modernize its economy, Andorra has opened to foreign investment, and engaged in other reforms, such as advancing tax initiatives aimed at supporting a broader infrastructure. Although not a member of the EU, Andorra enjoys a special relationship with the bloc that is governed by various customs and cooperation agreements and uses the euro as its national currency.

" + "text": "

The Moorish invasion of Spain in the 8th century and subsequent incursions into France were finally stemmed at the Pyrenees by Frankish King Charlemagne, who in 795 created the Hispanic March, a series of buffer states to keep the Muslim Moors from advancing into Christian France. The landlocked Principality of Andorra, one of the smallest states in Europe and nestled high in the Pyrenees between the French and Spanish borders, is the last independent survivor of these March states. For 715 years, from 1278 to 1993, Andorrans lived under a unique coprincipality, ruled by French and Spanish leaders (from 1607 onward, the French chief of state and the Bishop of Urgell). In 1993, this feudal system was modified with the introduction of a modern constitution; the co-princes remained as titular heads of state, but the government transformed into a parliamentary democracy.

Andorra has become a popular tourist destination visited by approximately 8 million people each year drawn by the winter sports, summer climate, and duty-free shopping. Andorra has also become a wealthy international commercial center because of its mature banking sector and low taxes. As part of its effort to modernize its economy, Andorra has opened to foreign investment, and engaged in other reforms, such as advancing tax initiatives aimed at supporting a broader infrastructure. Although not a member of the EU, Andorra enjoys a special relationship with the bloc that is governed by various customs and cooperation agreements and uses the euro as its national currency.

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ "text": "Andorra" }, "etymology": { - "text": "the origin of the country's name is obscure; the name may derive from the Arabic \"ad-darra\" meaning \"the forest,\" a reference to its location as part of the Spanish March (defensive buffer zone) against the invading Moors in the 8th century" + "text": "the origin of the country's name is obscure; the name may derive from the Arabic \"ad-darra\" meaning \"the forest,\" a reference to its location as part of the Spanish March (defensive buffer zone) against the invading Moors in the 8th century; an alternate explanation is that the name originates from a Navarrese word \"andurrial\" meaning \"shrub-covered land\"" } }, "Government type": { @@ -847,10 +847,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "70,800 (2021 est.)" + "text": "70,900 (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "91.57% (2019 est.)" + "text": "91.6% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { @@ -882,7 +882,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "

none

" + "text": "

Andorra-France: None

Andorra-Spain: None

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/au.json b/europe/au.json index 4b766f50..1e8017cc 100644 --- a/europe/au.json +++ b/europe/au.json @@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, "etymology": { - "text": "the origin of the name is disputed but may derive from earlier settlements of the area; a Celtic town of Vedunia, established about 500 B.C., came under Roman dominance around 15 B.C. and became known as Vindobona; archeological remains of the latter survive at many sites in the center of Vienna" + "text": "the origin of the name is disputed but may derive from early Celtic settlements of the area; a possible reconstructed Celtic name from several centuries B.C. is *Vedunia (meaning \"forest stream\"); under Roman settlement, beginning around 15 B.C., the name became Vindobona (likely from the Celtic \"windo,\" meaning \"white, fair, or bright\" and \"bona\" meaning \"base, fortification, or settlement\" to give a connotation of \"white settlement\" or \"white fort\"); archeological remains of the latter survive at many sites in the center of Vienna" } }, "Administrative divisions": { @@ -551,10 +551,10 @@ "text": "bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung consists of:
Federal Council or Bundesrat (61 seats; members appointed by state parliaments with each state receiving 3 to 12 seats in proportion to its population; members serve 5- or 6-year terms)
National Council or Nationalrat (183 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "
Federal Council - last appointed - NA
National Council - last held on 29 September 2019 (next to be held in 2024); note - election was originally scheduled for 2022, but President VAN DER BELLEN called for an early election" + "text": "
Federal Council - last appointed in 2021
National Council - last held on 29 September 2019 (next to be held in 2024); note - election was originally scheduled for 2022, but President VAN DER BELLEN called for an early election" }, "election results": { - "text": "
Federal Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition (as of November 2021) - men 39, women 22, percent of women 36.1% 
National Council - percent of vote by party - OeVP 37.5%, SPOe 21.2%, FPOe 16.2%, The Greens 13.9%, NEOS 8.1%, other 3.1%; seats by party - OeVP 71, SPOe 40, FPOe 31, The Greens 26,  NEOS 15; composition (as of November 2021) - men 109, women 74, percent of women 40.4%; note - total Federal Assembly percent of women 39.3%" + "text": "
Federal Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition (as of March 2022) - men 36, women 25, percent of women 41% 
National Council - percent of vote by party - OeVP 37.5%, SPOe 21.2%, FPOe 16.2%, The Greens 13.9%, NEOS 8.1%, other 3.1%; seats by party - OeVP 71, SPOe 40, FPOe 31, The Greens 26,  NEOS 15; composition (as of March 2022) - men 107, women 76, percent of women 41.5%; note - total Federal Assembly percent of women 41.4%" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -1012,10 +1012,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "8.03 million (2021 est.)" + "text": "8.42 million (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "87.53% (2020 est.)" + "text": "93% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { @@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "

none

" + "text": "

Austria-Czechia: None

Austria-Germany: None

Austria-Hungary: None

Austria-Italy: None

Austria-Liechtenstein: None

Austria-Slovenia: None

Austria-Slovakia: None

Austria-Switzerland: None

" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/europe/be.json b/europe/be.json index d7565133..ef23efb6 100644 --- a/europe/be.json +++ b/europe/be.json @@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ "text": "

Senate - last held 26 May 2019 (next to be held in 2024)

Chamber of Representatives - last held on 26 May 2019 (next to be held in 2024); note - elections coincided with the EU elections" }, "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition men 33, women 27, percent of women 45%
Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - N-VA 16.0%, VB 11.9%, PS 9.5%, CD&V 8.9%, PVDA+/PTB 8.62%, Open VLD 8.5%, MR 7.6%, SP.A 6.7%, Ecolo 6.1%, Groen 6.1%, CDH 3.7%, Defi 2.2%, PP 1.1%, other 20.1%; seats by party - N-VA 25, VB 18, PS 20, CD&V 12, PVDA+PTB 12, Open VLD 12, MR 14, SP.A 9, Ecolo 13, Groen 8, CDH 5, Defi 2; composition - men 86, women 64, percent of women 42.7%; note - overall Parliament percent of women 43.8%" + "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition as of March 2022 - men 31, women 29, percent of women 48.3%
Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - N-VA 16.0%, VB 11.9%, PS 9.5%, CD&V 8.9%, PVDA+/PTB 8.62%, Open VLD 8.5%, MR 7.6%, SP.A 6.7%, Ecolo 6.1%, Groen 6.1%, CDH 3.7%, Defi 2.2%, PP 1.1%, other 20.1%; seats by party - N-VA 25, VB 18, PS 20, CD&V 12, PVDA+PTB 12, Open VLD 12, MR 14, SP.A 9, Ecolo 13, Groen 8, CDH 5, Defi 2; composition as of March 2022 - men 87, women 63, percent of women 42%; note - overall Parliament percent of women 43.8%" }, "note": "note: the 1993 constitutional revision that further devolved Belgium into a federal state created three levels of government (federal, regional, and linguistic community) with a complex division of responsibilities; this reality leaves six governments, each with its own legislative assembly; changes above occurred since the sixth state reform" }, @@ -1000,10 +1000,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "10.57 million (2021 est.)" + "text": "10.95 million (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "91.52% (2020 est.)" + "text": "94% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { @@ -1121,19 +1121,19 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2021": { - "text": "1.12% of GDP (2021 est.)" + "text": "1.1% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "1.07% of GDP (2020)" + "text": "1.1% of GDP (2020)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "0.89% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "0.9% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "0.89% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "0.9% of GDP (2018)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "0.88% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "0.9% of GDP (2017)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/europe/bk.json b/europe/bk.json index 4e0f693f..9b030f60 100644 --- a/europe/bk.json +++ b/europe/bk.json @@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "Chairman of the Presidency Zeljko KOMSIC  (chairman since 20 July 2021; presidency member since 20 November 2018 - Croat seat); Sefik DZAFEROVIC (presidency member since 20 November 2018 - Bosniak seat); Milorad DODIK (presidency member since 20 November 2018 - Serb seat)" + "text": "Chairman of the Presidency Sefik DZAFEROVIC (chairman since 20 March 2022; presidency member since 20 November 2018 - Bosniak seat); Zeljko KOMSIC  (presidency member since 20 November 2018 - Croat seat); Milorad DODIK (presidency member since 20 November 2018 - Serb seat)" }, "head of government": { "text": "Chairman of the Council of Ministers Zoran TEGELTIJA  (since 5 December 2019)" @@ -552,10 +552,10 @@ "text": "bicameral Parliamentary Assembly or Skupstina consists of:
House of Peoples or Dom Naroda (15 seats - 5 Bosniak, 5 Croat, 5 Serb; members designated by the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina's House of Peoples and the Republika Srpska's National Assembly to serve 4-year terms)
House of Representatives or Predstavnicki Dom (42 seats to include 28 seats allocated to the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and 14 to the Republika Srpska; members directly elected by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms); note - the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina has a bicameral legislature that consists of the House of Peoples (58 seats - 17 Bosniak, 17 Croat, 17 Serb, 7 other) and the House of Representatives (98 seats; members directly elected by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms); Republika Srpska's unicameral legislature is the National Assembly (83 directly elected delegates serve 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "House of Peoples - last held on 18 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2022)
House of Representatives - last held on 7 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2022)" + "text": "House of Peoples - last held on 7 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2022)
House of Representatives - last held on 7 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2022)" }, "election results": { - "text": "House of Peoples - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - NA; composition - men 13, women 2, percent of women 13.3%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by coalition/party - SDA 17%, SNSD 16%, SDS/NDP/NS/SRS-VS 9.8%, SDP 9.1%, HDZ-BiH/HSS/HKDU/HSP-AS BiH/HDU BiH 9.1%, DF, 5.8%, PDP 5.1%, DNS 4.2%, SBB BiH 4.2%, NS/HC 2.9%, NB 2.5%, PDA 2.3%, SP 1.9%, A-SDA 1.8%, other 17.4%; seats by coalition/party - SDA 9, SNSD 6, SDP 5, HDZ-BiH/HSS/HKDU/HSP-AS BiH/HDU BiH 5, SDS/NDP/NS/SRS-VS 3, DF 3, PDP 2, SBB BiH 2, NS/HC 2, DNS 1, NB 1 PDA 1, SP 1, A-SDA 1; composition - men 33, women 9, percent of women 21.4%; note - total Parliamentary Assembly percent of women 19.3%" + "text": "House of Peoples - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - NA; composition - men 12, women 3, percent of women 20%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by coalition/party - SDA 17%, SNSD 16%, SDS/NDP/NS/SRS-VS 9.8%, SDP 9.1%, HDZ-BiH/HSS/HKDU/HSP-AS BiH/HDU BiH 9.1%, DF, 5.8%, PDP 5.1%, DNS 4.2%, SBB BiH 4.2%, NS/HC 2.9%, NB 2.5%, PDA 2.3%, SP 1.9%, A-SDA 1.8%, other 17.4%; seats by coalition/party - SDA 9, SNSD 6, SDP 5, HDZ-BiH/HSS/HKDU/HSP-AS BiH/HDU BiH 5, SDS/NDP/NS/SRS-VS 3, DF 3, PDP 2, SBB BiH 2, NS/HC 2, DNS 1, NB 1 PDA 1, SP 1, A-SDA 1; composition - men 31, women 11, percent of women 26.2%; note - total Parliamentary Assembly percent of women 24.6%" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -1009,10 +1009,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "2.32 million (2021 est.)" + "text": "2.51 million (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "73.21% (2020 est.)" + "text": "77% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { @@ -1164,7 +1164,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "149 (mid-year 2021)" }, - "note": "note: 86,915 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-February 2022)" + "note": "note: 87,139 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-March 2022)" }, "Trafficking in persons": { "current situation": { diff --git a/europe/bo.json b/europe/bo.json index fb27b701..9613e81f 100644 --- a/europe/bo.json +++ b/europe/bo.json @@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ "text": "
Council of the Republic - indirect election last held on 7 November 2019
House of Representatives - last held on 17 November 2019 (next to be held in 2023); OSCE observers determined that the election was neither free nor impartial and that vote counting was problematic in a number of polling stations; pro-LUKASHENKA candidates won every seat; international observers determined that the previous elections, on 28 September 2008, 23 September 2012, and 11 September 2016 also fell short of democratic standards, with pro-LUKASHENKA candidates winning every, or virtually every, seat" }, "election results": { - "text": "
Council of the Republic - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition -NA
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - KPB 11, Republican Party of Labor and Justice 6, Belarusian Patriotic Party 2, LDP 1, AP 1, independent 89; composition - men 66, women 44, percent of women 40%" + "text": "
Council of the Republic - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - NA
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - KPB 11, Republican Party of Labor and Justice 6, Belarusian Patriotic Party 2, LDP 1, AP 1, independent 89; composition - men 66, women 44, percent of women 40%" }, "note": "note: the US does not recognize the legitimacy of the National Assembly" }, @@ -1012,10 +1012,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "7.82 million (2021 est.)" + "text": "8.03 million (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "85.09% (2020 est.)" + "text": "85.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { @@ -1151,7 +1151,7 @@ "text": "approximately 45,000 active duty troops; information on the individual services varies, but probably includes about 25,000 Army, 15,000 Air/Air Defense, and 5,000 Special Operations forces (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the inventory of the Belarus Armed Forces is comprised of Russian/Soviet-origin equipment; Belarus's defense industry manufactures some equipment, including vehicles, guided weapons, and electronic warfare systems (2021)" + "text": "the inventory of the Belarus Armed Forces is comprised mostly of Russian/Soviet-origin equipment, and since 2010 Russia is the leading provider of arms; Belarus's defense industry manufactures some equipment, including vehicles, guided weapons, and electronic warfare systems (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory military or alternative service; conscript service obligation is 12-18 months, depending on academic qualifications, and 24-36 months for alternative service, depending on academic qualifications; 17-year-olds are eligible to become cadets at military higher education institutes, where they are classified as military personnel (2021)", diff --git a/europe/bu.json b/europe/bu.json index a440990d..b8e7d55f 100644 --- a/europe/bu.json +++ b/europe/bu.json @@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ "text": "last held on 14 November 2021 (next election to be held in 2025)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - PP 25.3%, GERB-SDS 22.4%, DPS 12.8%, BSP for Bulgaria 10.1%, ITN 9.4%, DB 6.3%, Revival 4.8%, other 8.9%; seats by party/coalition - PP 67, GERB-SDS 59, DPS 34, BSP for Bulgaria 26, ITN 25, DB 16, Revival 13" + "text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - PP 25.3%, GERB-SDS 22.4%, DPS 12.8%, BSP for Bulgaria 10.1%, ITN 9.4%, DB 6.3%, Revival 4.8%, other 8.9%; seats by party/coalition - PP 67, GERB-SDS 59, DPS 34, BSP for Bulgaria 26, ITN 25, DB 16, Revival 13; composition as of March 2022 - men 186, women 54, percent of women 22.5%" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -1024,10 +1024,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "4.91 million (2021 est.)" + "text": "5.36 million (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "70.16% (2020 est.)" + "text": "78% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { @@ -1142,26 +1142,26 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2021": { - "text": "1.56% of GDP (2021 est.)" + "text": "1.6% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "1.55% of GDP (2020)" + "text": "1.6% of GDP (2020)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "3.15% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "3.1% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "1.45% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "1.5% of GDP (2018)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "1.23% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "1.2% of GDP (2017)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { "text": "approximately 30,000 active duty personnel (16,000 Army; 4,000 Navy; 7,000 Air Force; 3,000 other, joint staff, support) (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Bulgarian Armed Forces inventory consists primarily of Soviet-era equipment, although in recent years Bulgaria has procured limited amounts of more modern weapons systems from Western countries, including France, Italy, Norway, and the US (2021)" + "text": "the Bulgarian Armed Forces inventory consists primarily of Soviet-era equipment, although in recent years Bulgaria has procured limited amounts of more modern weapons systems from Western countries, including France, the Netherlands, and Italy (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-27 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription ended in 2007; service obligation 6-9 months (2021)", diff --git a/europe/cy.json b/europe/cy.json index 81c6c06a..f5bee969 100644 --- a/europe/cy.json +++ b/europe/cy.json @@ -1150,7 +1150,7 @@ "text": "the Cypriot National Guard has approximately 15,000 total active duty personnel (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the inventory of the Cypriot National Guard is a mix of Soviet-era and some more modern weapons systems; since 2010, it has received equipment from France, Israel, Italy, Oman, and Russia (2021)" + "text": "the inventory of the Cypriot National Guard is a mix of Soviet-era and some more modern weapons systems; since 2010, it has received equipment from several countries, including France, Israel, Russia, and Serbia (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "Cypriot National Guard (CNG): 18-50 years of age for compulsory military service for all Greek Cypriot males; 17 years of age for voluntary service; 14-month service obligation (2021)" diff --git a/europe/da.json b/europe/da.json index 31d74ec4..535e8fd0 100644 --- a/europe/da.json +++ b/europe/da.json @@ -1121,7 +1121,7 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2021": { - "text": "1.41% of GDP (2021 est.)" + "text": "1.4% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { "text": "1.4% of GDP (2020)" @@ -1130,10 +1130,10 @@ "text": "1.3% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "1.28% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "1.3% of GDP (2018)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "1.14% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "1.1% of GDP (2017)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/europe/en.json b/europe/en.json index 1b9042c1..7076d38f 100644 --- a/europe/en.json +++ b/europe/en.json @@ -1138,23 +1138,23 @@ "text": "2.3% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "2.33% of GDP (2020 est.)" + "text": "2.3% of GDP (2020)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "2.03% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "2% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "2.01% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "2% of GDP (2018)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "2.01% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "2% of GDP (2017)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { "text": "the Estonian Defense Forces have approximately 6,500 active duty personnel (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Estonian Defense Forces have a limited inventory of Soviet-era and more recently acquired modern weapons systems, largely from western European countries (2021)" + "text": "the Estonian Defense Forces have a limited inventory of Soviet-era and more recently acquired modern weapons systems, largely from western European countries, particularly France and the Netherlands (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "men 18-27 for compulsory military or governmental service, conscript service requirement 8-11 months depending on education; NCOs, reserve officers, and specialists serve 11 months; women can volunteer and as of 2018, women could serve in any branch of the military (2021)", diff --git a/europe/ez.json b/europe/ez.json index 110172ab..25d31c94 100644 --- a/europe/ez.json +++ b/europe/ez.json @@ -1123,19 +1123,19 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2021": { - "text": "1.42% of GDP (2021 est.)" + "text": "1.4% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "1.31% of GDP (2020 est.)" + "text": "1.3% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "1.19% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "1.2% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "1.13% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "1.1% of GDP (2018)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "1.04% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "1% of GDP (2017)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/europe/fi.json b/europe/fi.json index 4d2c587d..311f4c5a 100644 --- a/europe/fi.json +++ b/europe/fi.json @@ -1147,7 +1147,7 @@ "note": "note - the Army's wartime strength is about 180,000" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the inventory of the Finnish Defense Forces consists of a wide mix of mostly modern US, European, and domestically-produced weapons systems; the Finnish defense industry produces a variety of military equipment, including wheeled armored vehicles and naval vessels (2021)" + "text": "the inventory of the Finnish Defense Forces consists of a wide mix of mostly modern US, European, and domestically-produced weapons systems; since 2010, the US is the leading supplier; the Finnish defense industry produces a variety of military equipment, including wheeled armored vehicles and naval vessels (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "at age 18, all Finnish men are obligated to serve 5.5-12 months of service within a branch of the military or the Border Guard (length of service depends on the type of duty), and women 18-29 may volunteer for service; there is also an option to perform non-military service which lasts for 8.5 or 11.5 months; after completing their initial conscript obligation, individuals enter the reserves and remain eligible for mobilization until the age of 50 for rank-and-file and 60 for non-commissioned and commissioned officers (2021)", diff --git a/europe/fr.json b/europe/fr.json index 5b1af9a9..1c186f47 100644 --- a/europe/fr.json +++ b/europe/fr.json @@ -1198,26 +1198,26 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2021": { - "text": "2.01% of GDP (2021 est.)" + "text": "2% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "2.04% of GDP (2020 est.)" + "text": "2% of GDP (2020)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "1.83% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "1.8% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "1.81% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "1.8% of GDP (2018)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "1.78% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "1.8% of GDP (2017)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { "text": "the French military has approximately 205,000 active duty troops (115,000 Army; 35,000 Navy; 40,000 Air Force; 15,000 other, such as joint staffs, administration, logistics, procurement, medical service, etc.); approximately 100,000 National Gendarmerie; approximately 75,000 National Guard (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the French military's inventory consists almost entirely of domestically-produced weapons systems, including some jointly-produced with other European countries; there is a limited mix of armaments from other Western countries, particularly the US; France has a defense industry capable of manufacturing the full spectrum of air, land, and naval military weapons systems (2021)" + "text": "the French military's inventory consists mostly of domestically-produced weapons systems, including some jointly-produced with other European countries; there is a limited mix of armaments from other Western countries, particularly the US; France has a defense industry capable of manufacturing the full spectrum of air, land, and naval military weapons systems (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-25 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription (abolished 2001); 1-year service obligation; women serve in noncombat posts (2021)

note(s) - men between the ages of 17.5 and 39.5 years of age, of any nationality, may join the French Foreign Legion; those volunteers selected for service sign 5-year contracts; in 2019, women comprised approximately approximately 16% of the uniformed armed forces (21% including civilians) ", diff --git a/europe/gm.json b/europe/gm.json index a4eec89e..27a0cb51 100644 --- a/europe/gm.json +++ b/europe/gm.json @@ -1166,19 +1166,19 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2021": { - "text": "1.53% of GDP (2021 est.)" + "text": "1.5% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "1.56% of GDP (2020)" + "text": "1.6% of GDP (2020)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "1.36% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "1.4% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "1.25% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "1.3% of GDP (2018)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "1.23% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "1.2% of GDP (2017)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { @@ -1186,7 +1186,7 @@ "note": "note - Germany in 2020 announced it planned to increase the size of the military to about 200,000 troops by 2025" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the German Federal Armed Forces inventory is mostly comprised of weapons systems produced domestically or jointly with other European countries and Western imports, particularly from the US; Germany's defense industry is capable of manufacturing the full spectrum of air, land, and naval military weapons systems, and is one of the world's leading arms exporters (2021)" + "text": "the German Federal Armed Forces inventory is mostly comprised of weapons systems produced domestically or jointly with other European countries and Western imports, particularly from the US; since 2010, the US is the leading foreign supplier; Germany's defense industry is capable of manufacturing the full spectrum of air, land, and naval military weapons systems, and is one of the world's leading arms exporters (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "17-23 years of age for male and female voluntary military service (must have completed compulsory full-time education and have German citizenship); conscription ended July 2011; service obligation 7-23 months or 12 years; women have been eligible for voluntary service in all military branches and positions since 2001 (2021)", diff --git a/europe/gr.json b/europe/gr.json index 071f5a0d..3ca427cb 100644 --- a/europe/gr.json +++ b/europe/gr.json @@ -1140,26 +1140,26 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2021": { - "text": "3.82% of GDP (2021 est.)" + "text": "3.8% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "2.65% of GDP (2020)" + "text": "2.7% of GDP (2020)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "2.36% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "2.4% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "2.54% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "2.5% of GDP (2018)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "2.38% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "2.4% of GDP (2017)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { "text": "approximately 130,000 active duty personnel (90,000 Army; 15,000 Navy; 25,000 Air Force); approximately 35,000 National Guard (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the inventory of the Hellenic Armed Forces consists mostly of a mix of imported weapons from Europe and the US, as well as a limited number of domestically produced systems, particularly naval vessels; France, Germany, and the US are the leading suppliers of weapons systems to Greece since 2010; Greece's defense industry is capable of producing a range of military hardware, including naval vessels and associated subsystems (2021)", + "text": "the inventory of the Hellenic Armed Forces consists mostly of a mix of imported weapons from Europe and the US, as well as a limited number of domestically produced systems, particularly naval vessels; Germany is the leading supplier of weapons systems to Greece since 2010; Greece's defense industry is capable of producing a range of military hardware, including naval vessels and associated subsystems (2021)", "note": "note - in addition to finalizing an update to the Mutual Defense Cooperation Agreement with the US, Greece also entered into a security agreement with France in 2021 that included the sale of frigates and fighter aircraft to augment its aging weapons systems" }, "Military service age and obligation": { @@ -1190,7 +1190,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "5,552 (mid-year 2021)" }, - "note": "note: 1,215,375 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-March 2022); as of the end of September 2021, Greece hosted an estimated 164,009 refugees and asylum seekers" + "note": "note: 1,215,545 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-March 2022); as of the end of September 2021, Greece hosted an estimated 164,009 refugees and asylum seekers" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis products and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine transits or is consumed in Greece; money laundering related to drug trafficking and organized crime" diff --git a/europe/hr.json b/europe/hr.json index 01f60be1..526572bf 100644 --- a/europe/hr.json +++ b/europe/hr.json @@ -1161,26 +1161,26 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2021": { - "text": "2.79% of GDP (2021 est.)" + "text": "2.8% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "1.83% of GDP (2020)" + "text": "1.8% of GDP (2020)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "1.65% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "1.7% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "1.57% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "1.6% of GDP (2018)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "1.67% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "1.7% of GDP (2017)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { "text": "the Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia have approximately 15,000 active duty personnel (10,000 Army; 1,500 Navy; 1,500 Air force; 2,000 joint/other) (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the inventory of the Croatian Armed Forces consists mostly of Soviet-era equipment, although in recent years, it has acquired a limited number of more modern weapon systems from some Western suppliers, including France and the US (2021)" + "text": "the inventory of the Croatian Armed Forces consists mostly of Soviet-era equipment, although in recent years, it has acquired a limited amount of more modern weapon systems from Western suppliers, including Finland, Germany, and the US (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-27 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2008 (2021)", diff --git a/europe/hu.json b/europe/hu.json index c00b9a2e..d21314fe 100644 --- a/europe/hu.json +++ b/europe/hu.json @@ -1164,16 +1164,16 @@ "text": "1.6% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "1.79% of GDP (2020)" + "text": "1.8% of GDP (2020)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "1.25% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "1.3% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "1.01% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "1% of GDP (2018)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "1.19% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "1.2% of GDP (2017)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { @@ -1200,7 +1200,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "263,888 (Ukraine) (2022)" + "text": "324,397 (Ukraine) (2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "130 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/it.json b/europe/it.json index f39ca6f1..28b28f84 100644 --- a/europe/it.json +++ b/europe/it.json @@ -1163,16 +1163,16 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2021": { - "text": "1.41% of GDP (2021 est.)" + "text": "1.4% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "1.39% of GDP (2020)" + "text": "1.4% of GDP (2020)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "1.18% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "1.2% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "1.23% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "1.2% of GDP (2018)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { "text": "1.2% of GDP (2017)" @@ -1182,7 +1182,7 @@ "text": "approximately 170,000 active personnel (100,000 Army; 30,000 Navy; 40,000 Air Force); approximately 107,000 Carabinieri (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Italian Armed Forces' inventory includes a mix of domestically-produced, jointly-produced, and imported European and US weapons systems; the US is the leading supplier of weapons to Italy since 2010, followed by Germany; the Italian defense industry is capable of producing equipment across all the military domains with particular strengths in naval vessels and aircraft; it also participates in joint development and production of advanced weapons systems with other European countries and the US (2021)" + "text": "the Italian Armed Forces' inventory includes a mix of domestically-produced, jointly-produced, and imported weapons systems, mostly from Europe and the US; the US is the leading supplier of weapons to Italy since 2010, followed by Germany; the Italian defense industry is capable of producing equipment across all the military domains with particular strengths in naval vessels and aircraft; it also participates in joint development and production of advanced weapons systems with other European countries and the US (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; women may serve in any military branch; Italian citizenship required; 1-year service obligation; conscription abolished 2004 (2021)", @@ -1211,7 +1211,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "3,000 (mid-year 2021)" }, - "note": "note: 596,748 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-March 2022)" + "note": "note: 597,116 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-March 2022)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "important gateway for drug trafficking; organized crime groups allied with Colombian and Spanish groups trafficking cocaine to Europe" diff --git a/europe/kv.json b/europe/kv.json index 21d3409d..c2ad8663 100644 --- a/europe/kv.json +++ b/europe/kv.json @@ -981,16 +981,16 @@ "text": "2% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "1.1% of GDP (2020)" + "text": "1.1% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "0.8% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "0.8% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "0.8% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "0.8% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "0.7% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "0.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/europe/lg.json b/europe/lg.json index 92263333..f05af71a 100644 --- a/europe/lg.json +++ b/europe/lg.json @@ -1140,26 +1140,26 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2021": { - "text": "2.27% of GDP (2021 est.)" + "text": "2.3% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "2.27% of GDP (2020)" + "text": "2.3% of GDP (2020)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "2.03% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "2% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "2.06% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "2.1% of GDP (2018)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "1.59% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "1.6% of GDP (2017)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { "text": "the National Armed Forces of Latvia have approximately 6,500 active duty troops (5,500 Land Forces; 500 Naval Force/Coast Guard; 500 Air Force; note - some Land Forces are considered joint forces); 8,200 National Guard (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Latvian military's inventory is limited and consists of a mixture of Soviet-era and more modern--mostly second-hand--European and US equipment; since 2010, it has received limited amounts of equipment from several European countries, as well as the US (2021)" + "text": "the Latvian military's inventory is limited and consists of a mixture of Soviet-era and more modern--mostly second-hand--European and US equipment; since 2010, it has received limited amounts of equipment from several European countries, Israel, and the US (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for voluntary male and female military service; no conscription (abolished 2007) (2021)", diff --git a/europe/lh.json b/europe/lh.json index b37e7eda..95989f91 100644 --- a/europe/lh.json +++ b/europe/lh.json @@ -1152,7 +1152,7 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2021": { - "text": "2.03% of GDP (2021 est.)" + "text": "2.1% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { "text": "2.1% of GDP (2020)" @@ -1161,17 +1161,17 @@ "text": "2% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "1.97% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "2% of GDP (2018)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "1.71% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "1.7% of GDP (2017)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { "text": "the Lithuanian Armed Forces have approximately 16,000 active duty personnel (12,500 Army, including about 5,000 National Defense Voluntary Forces; 600 Navy; 1,000 Air Force; 2,000 other, including special operations forces, logistics support, training, etc); est. 11,000 Riflemen Union (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Lithuanian Armed Forces' inventory is mostly a mix of Western weapons systems and Soviet-era equipment (primarily aircraft and helicopters); as of 2021, European and the US are the leading suppliers of armaments to Lithuania (2021)" + "text": "the Lithuanian Armed Forces' inventory is mostly a mix of Western weapons systems and Soviet-era equipment (primarily aircraft and helicopters); as of 2021, Germany was the leading supplier of armaments to Lithuania (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "19-26 years of age for conscripted military service (males); 9-month service obligation; in 2015, Lithuania reinstated conscription after having converted to a professional military in 2008; 18-38 for voluntary service (male and female) (2021)", diff --git a/europe/lo.json b/europe/lo.json index faa86c32..d3ee6ff8 100644 --- a/europe/lo.json +++ b/europe/lo.json @@ -1101,26 +1101,26 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2021": { - "text": "1.73% of GDP (2021 est.)" + "text": "1.7% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "2% of GDP (2020 est.)" + "text": "2% of GDP (2020)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "1.71% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "1.7% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "1.23% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "1.2% of GDP (2018)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "1.11% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "1.1% of GDP (2017)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { "text": "the Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic have approximately 13,000 active duty personnel (6,000 Land Forces; 4,000 Air Forces; 3,000 other, including staff, special operations, and support forces) (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the inventory of the Slovakian military consists mostly of Soviet-era platforms; since 2010, it has imported limited quantities of equipment from China, Czechia, Italy, Russia, and the US (2021)" + "text": "the inventory of the Slovakian military consists mostly of Soviet-era platforms; since 2010, it has imported limited quantities of equipment, particularly from Italy and the US (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription in peacetime suspended in 2004; women are eligible to serve (2021)", @@ -1139,7 +1139,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "213,000 (Ukraine) (2022)" + "text": "256,838 (Ukraine) (2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "1,532 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/lu.json b/europe/lu.json index 8f6c2ca5..319a7286 100644 --- a/europe/lu.json +++ b/europe/lu.json @@ -1080,26 +1080,26 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2021": { - "text": "0.57% of GDP (2021 est.)" + "text": "0.6% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "0.57% of GDP (2020)" + "text": "0.6% of GDP (2020)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "0.54% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "0.5% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { "text": "0.5% of GDP (2018)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "0.51% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "0.5% of GDP (2017)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { "text": "the Luxembourg Army has approximately 900 active personnel (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the inventory of Luxembourg's Army is a mix of European and US equipment; since 2010, it has received small quantities of equipment from Germany, Norway, and Sweden (2021)" + "text": "the inventory of Luxembourg's Army is a small mix of Western-origin equipment; since 2010, it has received equipment from several European countries (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-26 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription (abolished 1969); Luxembourg citizen or EU citizen with 3-year residence in Luxembourg (2021)", diff --git a/europe/md.json b/europe/md.json index bbb7dfac..72940d91 100644 --- a/europe/md.json +++ b/europe/md.json @@ -1150,7 +1150,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "337,215 (Ukraine) (2022)" + "text": "371,104 (Ukraine) (2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "3,372 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/mj.json b/europe/mj.json index d812bd6b..0ceec182 100644 --- a/europe/mj.json +++ b/europe/mj.json @@ -1137,19 +1137,19 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2021": { - "text": "1.74% of GDP (2021 est.)" + "text": "1.7% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "1.72% of GDP (2020 est.)" + "text": "1.7% of GDP (2020)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "1.33% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "1.3% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "1.37% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "1.4% of GDP (2018)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "1.34% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "1.3% of GDP (2017)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { @@ -1176,7 +1176,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "458 (mid-year 2021)" }, - "note": "note: 20,801 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-March 2022)" + "note": "note: 20,880 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-March 2022)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "

drug trafficking groups are major players in the procurement and transportation of large quantities of cocaine  destined for  European markets

" diff --git a/europe/mk.json b/europe/mk.json index 909d50ef..83f71b01 100644 --- a/europe/mk.json +++ b/europe/mk.json @@ -1081,19 +1081,19 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2021": { - "text": "1.61% of GDP (2021 est.)" + "text": "1.6% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "1.25% of GDP (2020 est.)" + "text": "1.3% of GDP (2020)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "1.16% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "1.2% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "0.94% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "0.9% of GDP (2018)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "0.89% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "0.9% of GDP (2017)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/europe/nl.json b/europe/nl.json index fd044ea6..99ea6c07 100644 --- a/europe/nl.json +++ b/europe/nl.json @@ -1140,19 +1140,19 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2021": { - "text": "1.45% of GDP (2021 est.)" + "text": "1.5% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "1.47% of GDP (2020)" + "text": "1.5% of GDP (2020)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "1.35% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "1.4% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "1.22% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "1.2% of GDP (2018)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "1.15% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "1.2% of GDP (2017)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { @@ -1160,7 +1160,7 @@ "note": "note - the Navy includes about 2,300 marines" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the inventory of the Netherlands Armed Forces consists of a mix of domestically-produced and modern European- and US-sourced equipment; since 2010, the US is the leading supplier of weapons systems to the Netherlands, followed by several European countries; the Netherlands has an advanced domestic defense industry that focuses on armored vehicles, naval ships, and air defense systems; it also participates with the US and other European countries on joint development and production of advanced weapons systems (2021)" + "text": "the inventory of the Netherlands Armed Forces consists of a mix of domestically-produced and modern European- and US-sourced equipment; since 2010, the US is the leading supplier of weapons systems to the Netherlands; the Netherlands has an advanced domestic defense industry that focuses on armored vehicles, naval ships, and air defense systems; it also participates with the US and other European countries on joint development and production of advanced weapons systems (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "17 years of age for an all-volunteer force; conscription remains in place, but the requirement to show up for compulsory military service was suspended in 1997 (2021)", diff --git a/europe/no.json b/europe/no.json index e1fc4905..09629644 100644 --- a/europe/no.json +++ b/europe/no.json @@ -1109,26 +1109,26 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2021": { - "text": "1.85% of GDP (2021 est.)" + "text": "1.9% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { "text": "2% of GDP (2020)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "1.86% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "1.9% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "1.73% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "1.7% of GDP (2018)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "1.72% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "1.7% of GDP (2017)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { "text": "the Norwegian Armed Forces have approximately 23,000 active personnel (8,500 Army; 3,500 Navy; 3,500 Air Force; 7,500 other, including special operations, cyber, joint staff, intelligence, logistics support, active Home Guard, etc.); 40,000 Home Guard (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Norwegian Armed Forces inventory includes mostly imported European and US weapons systems, as well as a limited mix of domestically-produced equipment, particularly small naval craft and surface-to-air missile systems; since 2010, the US is the leading supplier of weapons systems to Norway, followed by a variety of other countries, including France, Italy, South Korea, and Spain (2021)" + "text": "the Norwegian Armed Forces inventory includes mostly imported European and US weapons systems, as well as a limited mix of domestically-produced equipment, particularly small naval craft and surface-to-air missile systems; since 2010, the US is the leading supplier of weapons systems to Norway (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "19-35 years of age for male and female selective compulsory military service; 17 years of age for male volunteers; 18 years of age for women; 19-month service obligation; conscripts first serve 12 months from 19-28, and then up to 4-5 refresher training periods until age 35, 44, 55, or 60 depending on rank and function (2021)", diff --git a/europe/pl.json b/europe/pl.json index f2fc92d1..4de5026f 100644 --- a/europe/pl.json +++ b/europe/pl.json @@ -1186,16 +1186,16 @@ "text": "2.1% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "2.31% of GDP (2020 est.)" + "text": "2.3% of GDP (2020)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "1.98% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "2% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "2.02% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "2% of GDP (2018)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "1.89% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "1.9% of GDP (2017)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { @@ -1230,7 +1230,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "9,870 (Russia) (2019); 1,808,436 (2022)" + "text": "9,870 (Russia) (2019); 2,144,244 (2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "1,389 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/po.json b/europe/po.json index a494b211..abf877c5 100644 --- a/europe/po.json +++ b/europe/po.json @@ -1143,19 +1143,19 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2021": { - "text": "1.54% of GDP (2021 est.)" + "text": "1.5% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "1.43% of GDP (2020)" + "text": "1.4% of GDP (2020)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "1.38% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "1.4% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "1.34% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "1.3% of GDP (2018)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "1.24% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "1.2% of GDP (2017)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/europe/ri.json b/europe/ri.json index 505c8884..41b27a92 100644 --- a/europe/ri.json +++ b/europe/ri.json @@ -1164,7 +1164,7 @@ "text": "information varies; approximately 25,000 active duty troops (15,000 Land Forces; 5,000 Air/Air Defense; 5,000 other) (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the inventory of the Serbian Armed Forces consists of Russian and Soviet-era weapons systems; since 2010, most of its weapons imports have come from Russia (2021)" + "text": "the inventory of the Serbian Armed Forces consists of Russian and Soviet-era weapons systems; since 2010, Russia has been the top supplier of military hardware (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished January 2011 (2021)", @@ -1191,7 +1191,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "2,113 (includes stateless persons in Kosovo) (mid-year 2021)" }, - "note": "note: 820,038 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-February 2022); Serbia is predominantly a transit country and hosts an estimated 4,865 migrants and asylum seekers as of January 2022" + "note": "note: 820,811 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-March 2022); Serbia is predominantly a transit country and hosts an estimated 4,650 migrants and asylum seekers as of February 2022" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "

drug trafficking groups are major players in the procurement and transportation of of large quantities of cocaine  destined for  European markets

" diff --git a/europe/ro.json b/europe/ro.json index 776f7ff1..6a254ad3 100644 --- a/europe/ro.json +++ b/europe/ro.json @@ -1151,19 +1151,19 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2021": { - "text": "2.02% of GDP (2021 est.)" + "text": "2% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "2.07% of GDP (2020)" + "text": "2.1% of GDP (2020)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "1.84% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "1.8% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "1.81% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "1.8% of GDP (2018)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "1.72% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "1.7% of GDP (2017)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { @@ -1194,7 +1194,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "453,452 (Ukraine) (2022)" + "text": "555,021 (Ukraine) (2022)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "314 (mid-year 2021)" diff --git a/europe/si.json b/europe/si.json index 96027a37..ba173b95 100644 --- a/europe/si.json +++ b/europe/si.json @@ -1114,27 +1114,27 @@ "text": "Slovenian Armed Forces (Slovenska Vojska, SV): structured as a combined force with air, land, maritime, special operations, combat support, and combat service support elements (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2021": { + "text": "1.3% of GDP (2021 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "1.1% of GDP (2020 est.)" + "text": "1.1% of GDP (2020)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "1.06% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "1.1% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "1.01% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "1% of GDP (2018)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "0.98% of GDP (2017)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2016": { - "text": "1% of GDP (2016)" + "text": "1% of GDP (2017)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { "text": "the Slovenian Armed Forces have approximately 7,000 active duty troops (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the inventory of the Slovenian Armed Forces is a mix of Soviet-era and smaller quantities of more modern Western equipment; since 2010, it has received limited amounts of military equipment from Finland, France, Norway, Russia, Sweden, and the US (2021)" + "text": "the inventory of the Slovenian Armed Forces is a mix of Soviet-era and smaller quantities of more modern Russian and Western equipment; since 2010, it has received limited amounts of military equipment from several countries led by France and Russia (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service (men and women); conscription abolished in 2003 (2021)", diff --git a/europe/sp.json b/europe/sp.json index 1c33c928..196449eb 100644 --- a/europe/sp.json +++ b/europe/sp.json @@ -1171,19 +1171,19 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2021": { - "text": "1.02% of GDP (2021 est.)" + "text": "1% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "1.17% of GDP (2020 est.)" + "text": "1.2% of GDP (2020)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "0.91% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "0.9% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "0.93% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "0.9% of GDP (2018)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "0.91% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "0.9% of GDP (2017)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { @@ -1220,7 +1220,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "6,.92 (mid-year 2021)" }, - "note": "note: 199,150 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-March 2022)" + "note": "note: 199,152 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-March 2022)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "primary transit point in Europe for cocaine from South America and for hashish from Morocco; cocaine is shipped in raw or liquid form with mixed cargo to avoid detection; traffickers ship methamphetamine via express mail; increasing number of indoor cannabis grow operations; illegal labs cutting, mixing, and reconstituting cocaine, and heroin and methamphetamine labs; synthetic drugs, including ketamine and MDMA (ecstasy) transit from Spain to the United States" diff --git a/europe/sw.json b/europe/sw.json index 7bcc01d7..b1a87673 100644 --- a/europe/sw.json +++ b/europe/sw.json @@ -1140,7 +1140,7 @@ "text": "information varies; approximately 16,000 active duty troops (7,000 Army; 3,000 Navy; 3,000 Air Force; 3,000 other, including staff, logistics, support, medical, cyber, intelligence, etc); approximately 22,000 Home Guard (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the inventory of the Swedish Armed Forces is comprised of domestically-produced and imported Western weapons systems; since 2010, the US is the leading supplier of military hardware to Sweden, followed by France and Germany; Sweden's defense industry is capable of producing a range of air, land, and naval systems (2021)" + "text": "the inventory of the Swedish Armed Forces is comprised of domestically-produced and imported Western weapons systems; since 2010, the US is the leading supplier of military hardware to Sweden; Sweden's defense industry produces a range of air, land, and naval systems (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-47 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; service obligation: 7.5 months (Army), 7-15 months (Navy), 8-12 months (Air Force); after completing initial service, soldiers have a reserve commitment until age 47; compulsory military service, abolished in 2010, was reinstated in January 2018; conscription is selective, includes both female and male (age 18), and requires 9-12 months of service (2021)", diff --git a/europe/uk.json b/europe/uk.json index 354934d1..190d20b0 100644 --- a/europe/uk.json +++ b/europe/uk.json @@ -1156,10 +1156,10 @@ "text": "2.1% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "2.11% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "2.1% of GDP (2018)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "2.09% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "2.1% of GDP (2017)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/europe/up.json b/europe/up.json index e1b07bc2..1d129cfd 100644 --- a/europe/up.json +++ b/europe/up.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

Ukraine was the center of the first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in Europe. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was absorbed by the Russian Empire. Following the collapse of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine achieved a short-lived period of independence (1917-20), but was reconquered and endured a brutal Soviet rule that engineered two forced famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died. In World War II, German and Soviet armies were responsible for 7 to 8 million more deaths. Although Ukraine achieved independence in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR, democracy and prosperity remained elusive as the legacy of state control and endemic corruption stalled efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties.

A peaceful mass protest referred to as the \"Orange Revolution\" in the closing months of 2004 forced the authorities to overturn a rigged presidential election and to allow a new internationally monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. Subsequent internal squabbles in the YUSHCHENKO camp allowed his rival Viktor YANUKOVYCH to stage a comeback in parliamentary (Rada) elections, become prime minister in August 2006, and be elected president in February 2010. In October 2012, Ukraine held Rada elections, widely criticized by Western observers as flawed due to use of government resources to favor ruling party candidates, interference with media access, and harassment of opposition candidates. President YANUKOVYCH's backtracking on a trade and cooperation agreement with the EU in November 2013 - in favor of closer economic ties with Russia - and subsequent use of force against students, civil society activists, and other civilians in favor of the agreement led to a three-month protest occupation of Kyiv's central square. The government's use of violence to break up the protest camp in February 2014 led to all out pitched battles, scores of deaths, international condemnation, a failed political deal, and the president's abrupt departure for Russia. New elections in the spring allowed pro-West president Petro POROSHENKO to assume office in June 2014; he was succeeded by Volodymyr ZELENSKY in May 2019.

Shortly after YANUKOVYCH's departure in late February 2014, Russian President PUTIN ordered the invasion of Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula falsely claiming the action was to protect ethnic Russians living there. Two weeks later, a \"referendum\" was held regarding the integration of Crimea into the Russian Federation. The \"referendum\" was condemned as illegitimate by the Ukrainian Government, the EU, the US, and the UN General Assembly (UNGA). In response to Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea, 100 members of the UN passed UNGA resolution 68/262, rejecting the \"referendum\" as baseless and invalid and confirming the sovereignty, political independence, unity, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. In mid-2014, Russia began supplying proxies in two of Ukraine's eastern provinces with manpower, funding, and materiel driving an armed conflict with the Ukrainian Government that continues to this day. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, and the unrecognized Russian proxy republics signed the Minsk Protocol and Memorandum in September 2014 to end the conflict. However, this agreement failed to stop the fighting or find a political solution. In a renewed attempt to alleviate ongoing clashes, leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, and Germany negotiated a follow-on Package of Measures in February 2015 to implement the Minsk agreements. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, the unrecognized Russian proxy republics, and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe also meet regularly to facilitate implementation of the peace deal. By early 2022, more than 14,000 civilians were killed or wounded as a result of the Russian intervention in eastern Ukraine.

On 24 February 2022, Russia escalated its conflict with Ukraine by invading the country on several fronts in what has become the largest conventional military attack on a sovereign state in Europe since World War II. The invasion has received near universal international condemnation and many countries have imposed sanctions on Russia and also supplied humanitarian and military aid to Ukraine. The invasion has also created Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. As of 15 March, more than 2.97 million people had fled Ukraine, and as of 9 March, over 1,506 civilian casualties had been reported.

 

" + "text": "

Ukraine was the center of the first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in Europe. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was absorbed by the Russian Empire. Following the collapse of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine achieved a short-lived period of independence (1917-20), but was reconquered and endured a brutal Soviet rule that engineered two forced famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died. In World War II, German and Soviet armies were responsible for 7 to 8 million more deaths. Although Ukraine achieved independence in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR, democracy and prosperity remained elusive as the legacy of state control and endemic corruption stalled efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties.

A peaceful mass protest referred to as the \"Orange Revolution\" in the closing months of 2004 forced the authorities to overturn a rigged presidential election and to allow a new internationally monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. Subsequent internal squabbles in the YUSHCHENKO camp allowed his rival Viktor YANUKOVYCH to stage a comeback in parliamentary (Rada) elections, become prime minister in August 2006, and be elected president in February 2010. In October 2012, Ukraine held Rada elections, widely criticized by Western observers as flawed due to use of government resources to favor ruling party candidates, interference with media access, and harassment of opposition candidates. President YANUKOVYCH's backtracking on a trade and cooperation agreement with the EU in November 2013 - in favor of closer economic ties with Russia - and subsequent use of force against students, civil society activists, and other civilians in favor of the agreement led to a three-month protest occupation of Kyiv's central square. The government's use of violence to break up the protest camp in February 2014 led to all out pitched battles, scores of deaths, international condemnation, a failed political deal, and the president's abrupt departure for Russia. New elections in the spring allowed pro-West president Petro POROSHENKO to assume office in June 2014; he was succeeded by Volodymyr ZELENSKY in May 2019.

Shortly after YANUKOVYCH's departure in late February 2014, Russian President PUTIN ordered the invasion of Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula falsely claiming the action was to protect ethnic Russians living there. Two weeks later, a \"referendum\" was held regarding the integration of Crimea into the Russian Federation. The \"referendum\" was condemned as illegitimate by the Ukrainian Government, the EU, the US, and the UN General Assembly (UNGA). In response to Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea, 100 members of the UN passed UNGA resolution 68/262, rejecting the \"referendum\" as baseless and invalid and confirming the sovereignty, political independence, unity, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. In mid-2014, Russia began supplying proxies in two of Ukraine's eastern provinces with manpower, funding, and materiel driving an armed conflict with the Ukrainian Government that continues to this day. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, and the unrecognized Russian proxy republics signed the Minsk Protocol and Memorandum in September 2014 to end the conflict. However, this agreement failed to stop the fighting or find a political solution. In a renewed attempt to alleviate ongoing clashes, leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, and Germany negotiated a follow-on Package of Measures in February 2015 to implement the Minsk agreements. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, the unrecognized Russian proxy republics, and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe also meet regularly to facilitate implementation of the peace deal. By early 2022, more than 14,000 civilians were killed or wounded as a result of the Russian intervention in eastern Ukraine.

On 24 February 2022, Russia escalated its conflict with Ukraine by invading the country on several fronts in what has become the largest conventional military attack on a sovereign state in Europe since World War II. The invasion has received near universal international condemnation and many countries have imposed sanctions on Russia and also supplied humanitarian and military aid to Ukraine. The invasion has also created Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. As of 22 March, more than 3.63 million people had fled Ukraine, and approximately 6.48 million people were internally displaced as of 16 March.  More than 2,400 civilian casualties had been reported, as of 20 March.

 

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -1176,7 +1176,7 @@ } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "approximately 200,000 active troops (150,000 Army, including about 25,000 Airborne/Air Assault Forces; 12,000 Navy; 40,000 Air Force); approximately 50,000 National Guard (2021)

note - in early 2022, the Ukrainian Government announced plans to add 100,000 personnel to the armed forces over three years ", + "text": "approximately 200,000 active troops (125,000 Army; 25,000 Airborne/Air Assault Forces; 2,000 Special Operations Forces; 10,000 Navy; 40,000 Air Force); approximately 50,000 National Guard (2021)

note - in early 2022, the Ukrainian Government announced plans to add 100,000 personnel to the armed forces over three years ", "note": "note - in early 2022, the Ukrainian Government announced plans to add 100,000 personnel to the armed forces over three years " }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { @@ -1200,7 +1200,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "IDPs": { - "text": "1,461,700 (Russian-sponsored separatist violence in Crimea and eastern Ukraine) (2021)" + "text": "

1,461,700 (Russian-sponsored separatist violence in Crimea and eastern Ukraine) (2021); 6.48 million (Russian invasion), according to the UN (2022); note – the more recent invasion total may reflect some double counting, since it is impossible to determine how many of the recent IDPs may also include IDPs from the earlier Russian-sponsored violence in Crimea and eastern Ukraine

" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "35,875 (mid-year 2021); note - citizens of the former USSR who were permanently resident in Ukraine were granted citizenship upon Ukraine's independence in 1991, but some missed this window of opportunity; people arriving after 1991, Crimean Tatars, ethnic Koreans, people with expired Soviet passports, and people with no documents have difficulty acquiring Ukrainian citizenship; following the fall of the Soviet Union in 1989, thousands of Crimean Tatars and their descendants deported from Ukraine under the STALIN regime returned to their homeland, some being stateless and others holding the citizenship of Uzbekistan or other former Soviet republics; a 1998 bilateral agreement between Ukraine and Uzbekistan simplified the process of renouncing Uzbek citizenship and obtaining Ukrainian citizenship" diff --git a/middle-east/aj.json b/middle-east/aj.json index 088cf4a6..53ceced4 100644 --- a/middle-east/aj.json +++ b/middle-east/aj.json @@ -1012,10 +1012,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "8.26 million (2021 est.)" + "text": "8.32 million (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "81.1% (2019 est.)" + "text": "81.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { @@ -1137,7 +1137,7 @@ "text": "information varies; approximately 65,000 total active troops (55,000 Army; 2,000 Navy; 8,000 Air Force); approximately 15,000 Ministry of Internal Affairs troops (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the inventory of the Azerbaijan military is comprised mostly of Russian and Soviet-era weapons systems with a smaller mix of equipment from other countries; since 2010, Russia is the leading supplier of arms to Azerbaijan, followed by Israel and Turkey (2021)" + "text": "the inventory of the Azerbaijan military is comprised mostly of Russian and Soviet-era weapons systems with a smaller mix of equipment from other countries; since 2010, Russia is the leading supplier of arms to Azerbaijan, followed by Israel (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "men age 18-35 years for compulsory military service; service obligation 18 months (non-university graduate) or 12 months (university graduates); 17 years of age for voluntary service (men and women); 17-year-olds are considered to be on active service at cadet military schools (2021)", @@ -1149,13 +1149,13 @@ }, "Terrorism": { "Terrorist group(s)": { - "text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)", + "text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)/Quds Force", "note": "note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T" } }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "

Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia ratified the Caspian seabed delimitation treaties based on equidistance, while Iran continues to insist on a one-fifth slice of the sea; the dispute over the break-away Nagorno-Karabakh region and the Armenian military occupation of surrounding lands in Azerbaijan remains the primary focus of regional instability; residents have evacuated the former Soviet-era small ethnic enclaves in Armenia and Azerbaijan; local border forces struggle to control the illegal transit of goods and people across the porous, undemarcated Armenian, Azerbaijani, and Georgian borders; bilateral talks continue with Turkmenistan on dividing the seabed and contested oilfields in the middle of the Caspian

" + "text": "

Local border forces struggle to control the illegal transit of goods and people across the porous, undemarcated Armenian, Azerbaijani, and Georgian borders.

Armenia-Azerbaijan: The dispute over the break-away Nagorno-Karabakh region and the Armenian military occupation of surrounding lands in Azerbaijan remains the primary focus of regional instability. Residents have evacuated the former Soviet-era small ethnic enclaves in Armenia and Azerbaijan.

Azerbaijan-Georgia: A joint boundary commission agrees on most of the alignment, leaving only small areas at certain crossing points in dispute.  Consequently, the two states have yet to agree on a delimitation or demarcation of their common boundary. One area of contention is where the international boundary should run through the 6th-13th Century David-Gareja monastery complex.

Azerbaijan-Iran: None identified

Azerbaijan-Russia: Russia complains of cross-border smuggling.

Azerbaijan-Turkey: None identified

Caspian Sea (Maritime Boundary): Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia ratified the Caspian seabed delimitation treaties based on equidistance, while Iran continues to insist on a one-fifth slice of the sea. Bilateral talks continue with Turkmenistan on dividing the seabed and contested oilfields in the middle of the Caspian.

" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "IDPs": { diff --git a/middle-east/am.json b/middle-east/am.json index 4facc7cc..e892e6e5 100644 --- a/middle-east/am.json +++ b/middle-east/am.json @@ -999,10 +999,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "2.02 million (2021 est.)" + "text": "1.98 million (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "66.54% (2019 est.)" + "text": "66.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { @@ -1117,7 +1117,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "

the dispute over the break-away Nagorno-Karabakh region and the Armenian military occupation of surrounding lands in Azerbaijan remains the primary focus of regional instability; residents have evacuated the former Soviet-era small ethnic enclaves in Armenia and Azerbaijan; Turkish authorities have complained that blasting from quarries in Armenia might be damaging the medieval ruins of Ani, on the other side of the Arpacay valley; in 2009, Swiss mediators facilitated an accord reestablishing diplomatic ties between Armenia and Turkey, but neither side has ratified the agreement and the rapprochement effort has faltered; local border forces struggle to control the illegal transit of goods and people across the porous, undemarcated Armenian, Azerbaijani, and Georgian borders; ethnic Armenian groups in the Javakheti region of Georgia seek greater autonomy from the Georgian Government

" + "text": "

local border forces struggle to control the illegal transit of goods and people across the porous, undemarcated Armenian, Azerbaijani, and Georgian borders

Armenia-Azerbaijan: The dispute over the break-away Nagorno-Karabakh region and the Armenian military occupation of surrounding lands in Azerbaijan remains the primary focus of regional instability. Residents have evacuated the former Soviet-era small ethnic enclaves in Armenia and Azerbaijan.

Armenia-Georgia: Georgians restrict Armenian access into Samtse-Javakheti ethnic Armenian areas. Armenia has made no claims to the region.

Armenia-Iran: None identified

Armenia-Turkey: In 2009, Swiss mediators facilitated an accord reestablishing diplomatic ties between Armenia and Turkey, but neither side has ratified the agreement and the rapprochement effort has faltered, in part due to resistance from Azerbaijan. The border has been closed since 1993, and no diplomatic relations established after Armenian independence. In 2022, Turkey and Armenia have agreed to move forward with efforts to normalize relations.
Turkish authorities have complained that blasting from quarries in Armenia might be damaging the ruins of Ani, an ancient city on the high ridge overlooking the Arpaçay valley on the opposite shore. 

" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/middle-east/ba.json b/middle-east/ba.json index cca718ae..7d631fa2 100644 --- a/middle-east/ba.json +++ b/middle-east/ba.json @@ -988,10 +988,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "1.71 million (2021 est.)" + "text": "1.75 million (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "99.54% (2020 est.)" + "text": "99% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { @@ -1094,7 +1094,7 @@ "text": "information varies; approximately 10,000 active personnel (7,500 Army; 1,000 Navy; 1,500 Air Force); est. 3,000 National Guard (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the inventory of the Bahrain Defense force is comprised mostly of equipment acquired from the US along with a smaller quantity of material from European suppliers; since 2010, the US is the leading supplier of arms to Bahrain (2021)" + "text": "the inventory of the Bahrain Defense force consists of a mix of equipment acquired from a wide variety of suppliers; since 2010, the US is the leading supplier of arms to Bahrain (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; 15 years of age for NCOs, technicians, and cadets; no conscription (2021)" diff --git a/middle-east/iz.json b/middle-east/iz.json index 768f910b..fb868f17 100644 --- a/middle-east/iz.json +++ b/middle-east/iz.json @@ -1173,7 +1173,7 @@ "text": "information varies; approximately 200,000 personnel under the Ministry of Defense (190,000 Army/Aviation Command/Special Forces; 5,000 Navy; 5,000 Air/Air Defense Forces); approximately 25,000 National-Level Security Forces (10,000 Iraqi Counterterrorism Service; 10,000 Presidential Brigades; 5,000 Prime Minister’s Special Forces Division); Ministry of Peshmerga: approximately 150,000-plus (35,000 Regional Guard Brigades; 50,000 Unit 70 Forces; 70,000 Unit 80 Forces); estimated 100-160,000 Popular Mobilization Forces (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Iraqi military inventory is comprised of Russian and Soviet-era equipment combined with newer European- and US-sourced platforms; since 2010, Russia and the US are the leading suppliers of military hardware to Iraq (2021)" + "text": "the Iraqi military inventory is comprised of a mix of equipment from a wide variety of sources, including Europe, South Africa, South Korea, Russia, and the US; since 2010, Russia and the US are the leading suppliers of military hardware to Iraq (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-40 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (abolished 2003) (2021)", diff --git a/middle-east/jo.json b/middle-east/jo.json index 2f52bd06..1b5a8eed 100644 --- a/middle-east/jo.json +++ b/middle-east/jo.json @@ -1147,7 +1147,7 @@ "text": "approximately 90,000 active JAF personnel (77,000 Army; 500 Navy; 12,500 Air Force); approximately 15,000 Gendarmerie Forces (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the JAF inventory is comprised of a wide mix of imported weapons, mostly second-hand equipment from Europe, the Gulf States, and the US (2021)" + "text": "the JAF inventory is comprised of a wide mix of imported equipment from Europe, some Gulf States, Russia, and the US; since 2010, the Netherlands and the US are the leading suppliers (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "17 years of age for voluntary male military service (women can volunteer to serve in noncombat military positions in the Royal Jordanian Arab Army Women's Corps and RJAF); initial service term 2 years, with option to reenlist for 18 years; conscription abolished in 1991; however, in 2020, Jordan announced the reinstatement of compulsory military service for jobless men aged between 25 and 29 with 12 months of service, made up of 3 months of military training and 9 months of professional and technical training; in 2019, announced a voluntary 4-month National Military Service program for men and women aged between 18-25 years who have been unemployed for at least 6 months; service would include 1 month for military training with the remaining 3 months dedicated to vocational training in the sectors of construction and tourism (2021)", diff --git a/middle-east/ku.json b/middle-east/ku.json index a588ece9..1e854f10 100644 --- a/middle-east/ku.json +++ b/middle-east/ku.json @@ -1094,7 +1094,7 @@ "text": "the Kuwaiti Armed Forces have approximately 17,000 active personnel (12,500 Army; 2,000 Navy; 2,500 Air Force); approximately 6,500 National Guard; note – Army figures include the Kuwait Emiri Guard Authority (estimated 500 personnel) and the 25th Commando Brigade (strength not available) (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the inventory of the Kuwaiti Armed Forces consists of a range of European- and US-sourced weapons systems; the US is the leading supplier of arms to Kuwait since 2010 (2021)" + "text": "the inventory of the Kuwaiti Armed Forces consists of weapons from a wide variety of sources, including Western Europe, Russia, the United Arab Emirates, and the US; the US is the leading supplier of arms to Kuwait since 2010 (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "17-21 years of age for voluntary military service; Kuwait reintroduced one-year mandatory service for men aged 18-35 in May 2017 after having suspended conscription in 2001; service is divided in two phases – four months for training and eight months for military service; women were allowed to volunteer in 2021 (2021)

 ", diff --git a/middle-east/le.json b/middle-east/le.json index 061feb36..8c6a5506 100644 --- a/middle-east/le.json +++ b/middle-east/le.json @@ -1135,7 +1135,7 @@ "text": "approximately 80,000 active troops (77,000 Army; 1,500 Navy; 1,500 Air Force) (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the LAF inventory includes a wide mix of mostly older equipment, largely from the US and European countries, particularly France and Germany; since 2010, the US is the leading supplier of armaments (mostly second hand equipment) to Lebanon (2021)" + "text": "the LAF inventory includes a wide mix of mostly older equipment from a diverse array of countries; since 2010, the US is the leading supplier of armaments (mostly second hand equipment) to Lebanon (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "17-25 years of age for voluntary military service (including women); no conscription (2021)", diff --git a/middle-east/qa.json b/middle-east/qa.json index cc4428dd..90b4c198 100644 --- a/middle-east/qa.json +++ b/middle-east/qa.json @@ -1103,7 +1103,7 @@ "text": "information varies; approximately 14,000 active personnel (10,000 Land Force, including Emiri Guard; 2,000 Navy; 2,000 Air Force) (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Qatari military's inventory includes a broad mix of older and modern weapons systems, mostly from the US and Europe; in the 2010s, Qatar embarked on an extensive military expansion and modernization program with large air, ground, and naval equipment purchases from European countries, Turkey, and the US (2021)" + "text": "the Qatari military's inventory includes a broad mix of older and modern weapons systems, mostly from the US and Europe; in the 2010s, Qatar embarked on an extensive military expansion and modernization program with large air, ground, and naval equipment purchases; since 2010, France and the US are the top suppliers (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "conscription for males aged 18-35 introduced in 2013; compulsory service times range from 4-12 months, depending on the cadets educational and professional circumstances; since 2018, women have been permitted to serve in the armed forces, including as uniformed officers and pilots (2021)", diff --git a/middle-east/tu.json b/middle-east/tu.json index c4f4f73f..4ba6466c 100644 --- a/middle-east/tu.json +++ b/middle-east/tu.json @@ -1169,19 +1169,19 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2021": { - "text": "1.57% of GDP (2021 est.)" + "text": "1.6% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "1.86% of GDP (2020)" + "text": "1.9% of GDP (2020)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "1.85% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "1.9% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "1.82% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "1.8% of GDP (2018)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "1.51% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "1.5% of GDP (2017)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/north-america/bd.json b/north-america/bd.json index 98e53991..e4550da2 100644 --- a/north-america/bd.json +++ b/north-america/bd.json @@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ "text": "
Senate - last appointments in August 2017 (next appointments in 2022)
House of Assembly - last held on 1 October 2020 (next to be held not later than 2025)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Senate - composition - men 7, women 4, percent of women 36.4%
House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - PLP 62.1%, OBA 32.3%, other 5.4%, independent 0.2%; seats by party - PLP 30, OBA 6; composition - NA" + "text": "Senate - composition as of March 2022 - men 5, women 6, percent of women 54.5%
House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - PLP 62.1%, OBA 32.3%, other 5.4%, independent 0.2%; seats by party - PLP 30, OBA 6; composition as of March 2022 - men 28, women 8, percent of women 22.2%; note - total Parliament percent of women as of March 2022 - 29.8%" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -882,10 +882,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "61,200 (2021 est.)" + "text": "61,000 (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "98.37% (2019 est.)" + "text": "98.4% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { diff --git a/north-america/ca.json b/north-america/ca.json index d8a41e25..c54a3c78 100644 --- a/north-america/ca.json +++ b/north-america/ca.json @@ -563,10 +563,10 @@ "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:
Senate or Senat (105 seats; members appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister and can serve until age 75)
House of Commons or Chambre des Communes (338 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote with terms up to 4 years)" }, "elections": { - "text": "Senate - appointed; latest appointments in December 2018
House of Commons - last held on 20 September 2021 (next to be held NA)" + "text": "Senate - appointed; latest appointments in December 2018
House of Commons - last held on 20 September 2021 (next to be held before 20 October 2025)" }, "election results": { - "text": "
Senate - composition as of December 2018 - men 51, women 54, percent of women 51.4%

House of Commons - percent of vote by party - CPC 33.7%, Liberal Party 32.6%, NDP 17.8%, Bloc Quebecois 7.7%, Greens 2.3%, other 5.9%; seats by party - Liberal Party 159, CPC 119, NDP 25, Bloc Quebecois 32, Greens 2, independent 1; composition - men 236, women 102, percent of women 29%; note - total Parliament percent of women 30.2%" + "text": "
Senate - composition as of December 2018 - men 51, women 54, percent of women 51.4%

House of Commons - percent of vote by party - CPC 33.7%, Liberal Party 32.6%, NDP 17.8%, Bloc Quebecois 7.7%, Greens 2.3%, other 5.9%; seats by party - Liberal Party 159, CPC 119, NDP 25, Bloc Quebecois 32, Greens 2, independent 1; composition - men 235, women 103, percent of women 30.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 30.2%" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -1174,19 +1174,19 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2021": { - "text": "1.39% of GDP (2021 est.)" + "text": "1.4% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "1.42% of GDP (2020)" + "text": "1.4% of GDP (2020)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "1.29% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "1.3% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "1.31% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "1.3% of GDP (2018)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "1.44% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "1.4% of GDP (2017)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/oceans/xq.json b/oceans/xq.json index ec8646d7..88e7e65a 100644 --- a/oceans/xq.json +++ b/oceans/xq.json @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "

Canada and the US dispute how to divide the Beaufort Sea and the status of the Northwest Passage but continue to work cooperatively to survey the Arctic continental shelf; Denmark (Greenland) and Norway have made submissions to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental shelf (CLCS) and Russia is collecting additional data to augment its 2001 CLCS submission; record summer melting of sea ice in the Arctic has renewed interest in maritime shipping lanes and sea floor exploration; Norway and Russia signed a comprehensive maritime boundary agreement in 2010

" + "text": "

record summer melting of sea ice in the Arctic has renewed interest in maritime shipping lanes and sea floor exploration

Canada-US:  dispute how to divide the Beaufort Sea and the status of the Northwest Passage but continue to work cooperatively to survey the Arctic continental shelf

Denmark (Greenland)-Norway:  have made submissions to the UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental shelf (CLCS)

Norway-Russia: signed a comprehensive maritime boundary agreement in 2010; Russia is collecting additional data to augment its 2001 CLCS submission

" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/south-america/ar.json b/south-america/ar.json index e70c8708..4c944e84 100644 --- a/south-america/ar.json +++ b/south-america/ar.json @@ -1053,10 +1053,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "36.32 million (2021 est.)" + "text": "38.02 million (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "74.29% (2019 est.)" + "text": "83% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { @@ -1231,7 +1231,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "

Argentina continues to assert its claims to the UK-administered Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia, and the South Sandwich Islands in its constitution, forcibly occupying the Falklands in 1982, but in 1995 agreed to no longer seek settlement by force; UK continues to reject Argentine requests for sovereignty talks; territorial claim in Antarctica partially overlaps UK and Chilean claims; uncontested dispute between Brazil and Uruguay over Braziliera/Brasiliera Island in the Quarai/Cuareim River leaves the tripoint with Argentina in question; in 2010, the ICJ ruled in favor of Uruguay's operation of two paper mills on the Uruguay River, which forms the border with Argentina; the two countries formed a joint pollution monitoring regime; the joint boundary commission, established by Chile and Argentina in 2001 has yet to map and demarcate the delimited boundary in the inhospitable Andean Southern Ice Field (Campo de Hielo Sur); contraband smuggling, human trafficking, and illegal narcotic trafficking are problems in the porous areas of the border with Bolivia

" + "text": "

Argentina-Bolivia: Contraband smuggling, human trafficking, and illegal narcotic trafficking are problems in the porous areas of the border with Bolivia

Argentina-Brazil: Uncontested dispute between Brazil and Uruguay over Braziliera/Brasiliera Island in the Quarai/Cuareim River leaves the tripoint with Argentina in question.

Argentina-Chile: The joint boundary commission, established by Chile and Argentina in 2001 has yet to map and demarcate the delimited boundary in the inhospitable Andean Southern Ice Field (Campo de Hielo Sur).

Argentina-Paraguay: None identified

Argentina-Uruguay: In 2010, the ICJ ruled in favor of Uruguay's operation of two paper mills on the Uruguay River, which forms the border with Argentina; the two countries formed a joint pollution monitoring regime. Isla de Martín Garcia situated in the Rio de la Plata estuary is wholly within Uruguayan territorial waters but up to its low tide mark, the island is Argentinian territory.  The island is accorded unrestricted access rights.

Argentina-United Kingdom: Argentina continues to assert its claims to the UK-administered Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia, and the South Sandwich Islands in its constitution, forcibly occupying the Falklands in 1982, but in 1995 agreed to no longer seek settlement by force; UK continues to reject Argentine requests for sovereignty talks.

" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/south-america/bl.json b/south-america/bl.json index 33476f59..b335e1db 100644 --- a/south-america/bl.json +++ b/south-america/bl.json @@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ "text": "
Chamber of Senators - last held on 18 October 2020 (next to be held in 2025)
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 18 October 2020 (next to be held in 2025)" }, "election results": { - "text": "
Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MAS 21, ACC 11, Creemos 4;
Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MAS 75, ACC 39, Creemos 16" + "text": "
Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MAS 21, ACC 11, Creemos 4; composition as of March 2022 - men16, women 20, percent of women 55.6%
Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MAS 75, ACC 39, Creemos 16; composition as of March 2022 - men 70, women 60, percent of women 46.2%; note - total Plurinational Legislative Assembly percent of women as of March 2022 - 48.2%" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -1051,10 +1051,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "5.58 million (2021 est.)" + "text": "6.57 million (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "55.14% (2020 est.)" + "text": "55.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { diff --git a/south-america/br.json b/south-america/br.json index 949c5af7..aeef75fe 100644 --- a/south-america/br.json +++ b/south-america/br.json @@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ "text": "
Federal Senate - last held on 7 October 2018 for two-thirds of the Senate (next to be held on 2 October 2022 for one-third of the Senate)
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 7 October 2018 (next to be held on 2 October 2022)" }, "election results": { - "text": "
Federal Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PMDB 7, PP 5, REDE 5, DEM 4, PSDB 4, PSDC 4, PSL 4, PT 4, PDT 2, PHS 2, PPS 2, PSB 2, PTB 2, Podemos 1, PR 1, PRB 1, PROS 1, PRP 1, PSC 1, SD 1; composition - men 70, women 11, percent of women 13.6%    
Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PT 56, PSL 52, PP 37, PMDB 34, PSDC 34, PR 33, PSB 32, PRB 30, DEM 29, PSDB 29, PDT 28, SD 13, Podemos 11, PSOL 10, PTB 10, PCdoB 9, NOVO 8, PPS 8, PROS 8, PSC 8, Avante 7, PHS 6, Patriota 5, PRP 4, PV 4, PMN 3, PTC 2, DC 1, PPL 1, REDE 1; composition - men 462, women 51, percent of women 9.9%; total National Congress percent of women 10.4%" + "text": "
Federal Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PMDB 7, PP 5, REDE 5, DEM 4, PSDB 4, PSDC 4, PSL 4, PT 4, PDT 2, PHS 2, PPS 2, PSB 2, PTB 2, Podemos 1, PR 1, PRB 1, PROS 1, PRP 1, PSC 1, SD 1; composition - men 67, women 14, percent of women 17.3%    
Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PT 56, PSL 52, PP 37, PMDB 34, PSDC 34, PR 33, PSB 32, PRB 30, DEM 29, PSDB 29, PDT 28, SD 13, Podemos 11, PSOL 10, PTB 10, PCdoB 9, NOVO 8, PPS 8, PROS 8, PSC 8, Avante 7, PHS 6, Patriota 5, PRP 4, PV 4, PMN 3, PTC 2, DC 1, PPL 1, REDE 1; composition - men 437, women 76, percent of women 14.8%; total National Congress percent of women 15.2%" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -1082,10 +1082,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "160 million (2021 est.)" + "text": "165.3 million (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "73.91% (2019 est.)" + "text": "77% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { @@ -1245,7 +1245,7 @@ "text": "the Brazilian Armed Forces have approximately 360,000 active personnel (220,000 Army; 70,000 Navy; 70,000 Air Force) (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Brazilian military's inventory consists of a mix of domestically-produced and imported weapons, largely from Europe and the US; since 2010, France, Germany, the UK, and the US are the leading suppliers of military equipment to Brazil; Brazil's defense industry is capable of designing and manufacturing equipment for all three military services and for export; it also jointly produces equipment with other countries (2021)" + "text": "the Brazilian military's inventory consists of a mix of domestically-produced and imported weapons, largely from Europe and the US; since 2010, the US and several European countries are the leading suppliers of military equipment to Brazil; Brazil's defense industry is capable of designing and manufacturing equipment for all three military services and for export; it also jointly produces equipment with other countries (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-45 years of age for compulsory military service for men (women exempted); only 5-10% of those inducted are required to serve; conscript service obligation is 10-12 months; 17-45 years of age for voluntary service; women were allowed to serve in the armed forces beginning in early 1980s, when the Brazilian Army became the first army in South America to accept women into career ranks; women serve in Navy and Air Force only in Women's Reserve Corps (2021)", diff --git a/south-america/ci.json b/south-america/ci.json index 6a33f719..60655fee 100644 --- a/south-america/ci.json +++ b/south-america/ci.json @@ -1167,7 +1167,7 @@ "text": "approximately 75,000 active armed forces personnel (45,000 Army; 20,000 Navy; 10,000 Air Force); approximately 50,000 Carabineros (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Chilean military inventory is comprised of a wide mix of mostly Western equipment and some domestically-produced systems; since 2010, it has received military hardware from nearly 15 countries, including Australia, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the US; Chile's defense industry has capabilities in military aircraft, ships, and vehicles (2021)" + "text": "the Chilean military inventory is comprised of a wide mix of mostly Western equipment and some domestically-produced systems; since 2010, it has received military hardware from nearly 15 countries with Germany and the US as the leading suppliers; Chile's defense industry has capabilities in military aircraft, ships, and vehicles (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-45 years of age for voluntary male and female military service; selective compulsory service (there are usually enough volunteers to make compulsory service unnecessary); service obligation is a minimum of 12 months for Army and 22 months for Navy and Air Force (2021)", diff --git a/south-america/co.json b/south-america/co.json index 2f4b9758..ae5f3b25 100644 --- a/south-america/co.json +++ b/south-america/co.json @@ -1213,7 +1213,7 @@ "text": "estimates vary; approximately 260,000 total active troops (200,000 Army; 45,000 Navy, including about 20,000 marines; 14,000 Air Force); approximately 185,000 Colombian National Police (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Colombian military inventory includes a wide mix of equipment from a variety of suppliers, including Brazil, Canada, Europe, Israel, South Korea, and the US; Germany, Israel, and the US are the leading suppliers of military hardware since 2010; Colombia's defense industry is active in producing air, land, and naval platforms (2021)" + "text": "the Colombian military inventory includes a wide mix of equipment from a variety of suppliers, including Canada, Europe, Israel, South Korea, and the US; Germany, Israel, and the US are the leading suppliers of military hardware since 2010; Colombia's defense industry is active in producing air, land, and naval platforms (2021)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-24 years of age for compulsory (men) and voluntary (men and women) military service; conscript service obligation is 18 months; conscripted soldiers reportedly include regular soldiers (conscripts without a high school degree), drafted high school graduates (bachilleres), and rural (campesino) soldiers who serve in their home regions (2021)", diff --git a/south-america/pa.json b/south-america/pa.json index fdfb3d56..5549614a 100644 --- a/south-america/pa.json +++ b/south-america/pa.json @@ -547,10 +547,10 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Mario Abdo BENITEZ (since 15 August 2018); Vice President Hugo Adalberto VELAZQUEZ Moreno (since 15 August 2018); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" + "text": "President Mario ABDO BENITEZ (since 15 August 2018); Vice President Hugo Adalberto VELAZQUEZ Moreno (since 15 August 2018); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" }, "head of government": { - "text": "President Mario Abdo BENITEZ (since 15 August 2018); Vice President Hugo Adalberto VELAZQUEZ Moreno (since 15 August 2018)" + "text": "President Mario ABDO BENITEZ (since 15 August 2018); Vice President Hugo Adalberto VELAZQUEZ Moreno (since 15 August 2018)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president" @@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ "text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by simple majority popular vote for a single 5-year term; election last held on 22 April 2018 (next to be held in April 2023)" }, "election results": { - "text": "
2018: Mario Abdo BENITEZ elected president; percent of vote - Mario Abdo BENITEZ (ANR) 49%, Efrain ALEGRE (PLRA) 45.1%, Juan Bautista YBANEZ 3.4%, other 2.5%

2013: Horacio CARTES elected president; percent of vote - Horacio CARTES (ANR) 48.5%, Efrain ALEGRE (PLRA) 39%, Mario FERREIRO (AP) 6.2%, Anibal CARRILLO (FG) 3.5%, other 2.8%" + "text": "
2018: Mario ABDO BENITEZ elected president; percent of vote - Mario ABDO BENITEZ (ANR) 49%, Efrain ALEGRE (PLRA) 45.1%, Juan Bautista YBANEZ 3.4%, other 2.5%

2013: Horacio CARTES elected president; percent of vote - Horacio CARTES (ANR) 48.5%, Efrain ALEGRE (PLRA) 39%, Mario FERREIRO (AP) 6.2%, Anibal CARRILLO (FG) 3.5%, other 2.8%" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -592,10 +592,10 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Luis Jose GONZALEZ FERNANDEZ, Minister (since 12 April 2021)" + "text": "Ambassador Jose Antonio DOS SANTOS (since 24 June 2021)" }, "chancery": { - "text": "2400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington DC  20008  " + "text": "2400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington DC  20008" }, "telephone": { "text": "[1] (202) 483-6960" @@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Joseph SALAZAR (since 20 January 2021 )" + "text": "Ambassador Marc OSTFIELD (since 9 March 2022)" }, "embassy": { "text": "1776 Mariscal Lopez Avenue, Asuncion" @@ -1004,10 +1004,10 @@ }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "limited progress on structural reform and deficient infrastructure of the landlocked country are obstacles to telecom platform; monopolized fixed-line service; effective competition in mobile market, serving 96% of population through LTE; deployment of fiber; South Korean investment in education centers; operator enabled 100 free Internet points across the country; Inter-American Development Bank loan supports modernization within regulatory framework; dependent on neighboring countries for access to submarine cables; major importer of broadcasting equipment from the USA (2020)" + "text": "limited progress on structural reform and deficient infrastructure of the landlocked country are obstacles to telecom platform; monopolized fixed-line service; effective competition in mobile market, serving 96% of population through LTE; deployment of fiber; South Korean investment in education centers; operator enabled 109 free Internet points across the country and is looking to expand to 430 points in 2022; Inter-American Development Bank loan supports modernization within regulatory framework; dependent on neighboring countries for access to submarine cables; major importer of broadcasting equipment from the USA (2022)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "deficiencies in provision of fixed-line service have resulted in expansion of mobile-cellular services fostered by competition among multiple providers; Internet market also open to competition; fixed-line just under 4 per 100 and mobile-cellular just over 110 per 100 (2019)" + "text": "deficiencies in provision of fixed-line service have resulted in expansion of mobile-cellular services fostered by competition among multiple providers; Internet market also open to competition; fixed-line just over 3 per 100 and mobile-cellular just over 105 per 100 (2020)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 595; Paraguay's landlocked position means they must depend on neighbors for interconnection with submarine cable networks, making it cost more for broadband services; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)" @@ -1025,7 +1025,7 @@ "text": "4.92 million (2021 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "74.52% (2020 est.)" + "text": "74.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { diff --git a/south-asia/af.json b/south-asia/af.json index 22909b22..759c3d5e 100644 --- a/south-asia/af.json +++ b/south-asia/af.json @@ -1020,10 +1020,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "8.64 million (2021 est.)" + "text": "9.23 million (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "13.5% (2019 est.)" + "text": "22.9% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { @@ -1163,7 +1163,7 @@ }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "

Afghan, Coalition, and Pakistan military meet periodically to clarify the alignment of the boundary on the ground and on maps and since 2014 have met to discuss collaboration on the Taliban insurgency and counterterrorism efforts; Afghan and Iranian commissioners have discussed boundary monument densification and resurvey; Iran protests Afghanistan's restricting flow of dammed Helmand River tributaries during drought; Pakistan has sent troops across and built fences along some remote tribal areas of its treaty-defined Durand Line border with Afghanistan which serve as bases for foreign terrorists and other illegal activities; Russia remains concerned about the smuggling of poppy derivatives from Afghanistan through Central Asian countries

" + "text": "

Afghanistan-China: None identified

Afghanistan-Iran: Afghan and Iranian commissioners have discussed boundary monument densification and resurvey; Iran protests Afghanistan's restricting flow of dammed Helmand River tributaries during drought

Afghanistan-Pakistan: Pakistan has built fences in some portions of its border with Afghanistan which remains open in some areas to terrorist and other illegal activities. Their alignments may not always be in conformance with Durand Line and original surveyed definitions of the boundary. Afghan, Coalition, and Pakistan military meet periodically to clarify the alignment of the boundary on the ground and on maps and since 2014 have met to discuss collaboration on the Taliban insurgency and counterterrorism efforts.

Afghanistan-Tajikistan: None identified

Afghanistan-Turkmenistan: None identified

Afghanistan-Uzbekistan: None identified. Boundary follows Amu Darya river as delimited in the Afghan-Soviet treaties and not by the river's current course. The boundary was delimited and possibly demarcated during Soviet times (pre-1991). No current negotiations between Afghanistan and Uzbekistan to redelimit the boundary have been identified. 

Russia remains concerned about the smuggling of poppy derivatives from Afghanistan through Central Asian countries

" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { diff --git a/south-asia/bg.json b/south-asia/bg.json index a30d7373..89706a61 100644 --- a/south-asia/bg.json +++ b/south-asia/bg.json @@ -1065,10 +1065,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "47.61 million (2021 est.)" + "text": "52.58 million (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "12.9% (2019 est.)" + "text": "31.5% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { @@ -1211,7 +1211,7 @@ "text": "information varies; approximately 165,000 total active personnel (135,000 Army; 15,000 Navy; 15,000 Air Force) (2021)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Bangladesh Defense Force inventory is comprised of mostly Chinese and Russian equipment; since 2010, China is the leading supplier of arms to Bangladesh; as of 2021, Bangladesh was undertaking a large defense modernization program, with a focus on naval acquisitions (2021)" + "text": "much of the military's inventory is comprised of Chinese- and Russian-origin equipment, with a smaller mix from a variety of other suppliers; since 2010, China is the leading provider of arms to Bangladesh; as of 2022, Bangladesh was undertaking a large defense modernization program, with a focus on naval acquisitions (2022)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "16-21 years of age for voluntary military service; Bangladeshi nationality and 10th grade education required; officers: 17-21 years of age, Bangladeshi nationality, and 12th grade education required (2021)" diff --git a/south-asia/bt.json b/south-asia/bt.json index d0cfa542..bc4ddbe0 100644 --- a/south-asia/bt.json +++ b/south-asia/bt.json @@ -930,10 +930,10 @@ }, "Internet users": { "total": { - "text": "373,200 (2021 est.)" + "text": "373,100 (2022 est.)" }, "percent of population": { - "text": "48.11% (2019 est.)" + "text": "48.1% (2022 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": {